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Publicado: 25 de julho de 2024

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1

Hagan, Aleska. "Development and Validation of the Internalized Classism Scale for Poor and Working Class in the United States". Thesis, The University of North Dakota, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10635402.

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The poor and working class are largely overlooked or ignored across many aspects of U.S society including public policy, societal structure, representation in media, and even in the realm of psychological research (Lott, 2002; Smith, 2005). Furthermore, of the scanty representations and descriptions of the poor and working class that are available, most are derived from oppressive classist views and negative stereotypes (Smith, 2010). Classism pervades the social structure of the United States. Classist beliefs and experiences of classism are internalized by all members of society to some degree. Working class and poor people who experience internalized classism are likely to experience a number of negative effects such as depression, increased shame, difficulty with relationships, etc (Smith, 2010; Russell, 1996). To date, there has been limited research related to social class in the field of psychology, but this has been growing. However, there is currently no measure available that assess internalized classism which severely limits important research regarding this phenomenon resulting from classist oppression. The purpose of this project was to create an instrument that will potentially aid in the further the understanding of the impact of classist oppression when it is internalized by those who are oppressed, the working class and poor. The scale construction procedures, analysis, and empirical attributes will be provided in addition to the limitations of this research project and implications for future research and practice.

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2

Weigt, Jill Michele. "The work of mothering : welfare reform and the carework of working class and poor mothers /". view abstract or download file of text, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3072609.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2002.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 243-258). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

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3

Brown, Jimmi Sue. "Welfare as a social control in the United States". Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2004. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=406.

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4

Clark, Lauren. "Women's domestic health work in poverty: A comparison of Mexican American and Anglo households". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186048.

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The purpose of this dissertation was to identify the components of women's domestic health work in networks surrounding poor Mexican American and Anglo households and compare women's experiences as domestic health workers. Women representing 10 Mexican American households and 10 Anglo households and their surrounding domestic networks were recruited for this study. Criteria for participation included the presence of at least one child in the household $\le$5 years of age and household income at or below the federally-defined weighted poverty threshold. Sources included, first, 66 interviews with women (n = 26) residing in the study households. Second, women kept 3-week daily health diaries on behalf of all household members. And third, women participated in an inventory of household medications. The study employed several analytic methods, including descriptive statistical analyses, phenomenological insight, taxonomic analyses of women's knowledge structures, life history analysis, thematic analysis, and narrative analyses. The results of the study emphasized several points, including the: (a) gendered but hotly contested nature of domestic responsibility for health, with responsibility negotiated between men and women in households, and disputed between households and social service agencies; (b) significant role played by women's informal networks in defining and evaluating the enactment of maternal responsibility; (c) workings of women's coalitions and cooperatives that protect women's threatened interests and redistribute resources among women; (d) influences governing the transmission of child health and illness knowledge and skills across generations of women; (e) double-edged nature of self-medication that appears as both a source of female autonomy and expertise, yet paradoxically and simultaneously can act as an inappropriate, self-palliating balm for the hurt incurred from inadequate accessibility to quality professional health care for poor women and children; and (f) cross-cutting influences of ethnicity and historical situation in each of the above domains. Women pieced together resources from their cultural background, femaleness, and sometimes their poverty; all these factors also entailed contradictory disadvantages in the production of household health. The health and social policy implications of this study were described in detail in the dissertation, as were the women's own visions for an approximation of utopia.

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5

Sasser, Jackson Norman. "Poor and Dead and Much Involved: The Afterlife of Private Debt in Post-Revolutionary Virginia". W&M ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1593092106.

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6

Rein, David Bruce. "Modeling the health care utilization of children in Medicaid". Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2003. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-06072004-131339/unrestricted/rein%5Fdavid%5Fb%5F200405%5Fphd.pdf.

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7

Maurina, Mary. "Charcteristics [sic] of successful Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA) participants in Minneapolis, Minnesota". Online version, 1998. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1998/1998maurinam.pdf.

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8

Hayden, Sat Ananda. "Wage Equality among Internationally Educated Nurses Working in the United States". Thesis, Walden University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3596619.

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Discrimination against immigrants based on country of origin, gender, or race is known to contribute to wage inequality, lower morale, and decrease worker satisfaction. Healthcare leaders are just beginning to study the impact of gender and race on the wages of internationally educated nurses (IENs). Grounded in Becker's theory of discrimination, this cross-sectional study examined nursing wages for evidence of wage inequality among IENs working in the United States using secondary data collected in the 2008 quadrennial National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses. Ordinary least square regression coupled with the Blinder-Oaxaca wage decomposition was used to analyze the wages of 757 IENs working in the U.S. healthcare system. T tests with effect size were calculated to find the impact of gender, race, and country of education on wage. The study found that white male IENs earned higher wages than all other immigrant groups, followed by nonwhite males and nonwhite females (R² = .143; F(8,748) = 15.60; p =.000;). White female IENs earned the least, at 80%, 88%, and 91% of wages earned by white male, nonwhite male, and nonwhite female IENs, respectively (p < .005). The relationship between hourly wage and being a white female was negative and statistically significant (p = .006) and white females earned 19.6% less per hour than white male IENs. Working in tertiary care contributed 21.60% of wages for white IENs and 10.30% of wages for nonwhite IENs. Inequality in nursing wages was related to an interaction between race and gender for wages of white female IENs but not in wages for nonwhite female IENs. Results of this study promote positive social change by motivating nursing departments to equalize wages and policymakers to strengthen equal pay statutes.

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9

Hayden, Sat Ananda. "Wage Equality among Internationally Educated Nurses Working in the United States". ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1079.

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Discrimination against immigrants based on country of origin, gender, or race is known to contribute to wage inequality, lower morale, and decrease worker satisfaction. Healthcare leaders are just beginning to study the impact of gender and race on the wages of internationally educated nurses (IENs). Grounded in Becker's theory of discrimination, this cross-sectional study examined nursing wages for evidence of wage inequality among IENs working in the United States using secondary data collected in the 2008 quadrennial National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses. Ordinary least square regression coupled with the Blinder-Oaxaca wage decomposition was used to analyze the wages of 757 IENs working in the U.S. healthcare system. T tests with effect size were calculated to find the impact of gender, race, and country of education on wage. The study found that white male IENs earned higher wages than all other immigrant groups, followed by nonwhite males and nonwhite females (R2 = .143; F(8,748) = 15.60; p =.000;). White female IENs earned the least, at 80%, 88%, and 91% of wages earned by white male, nonwhite male, and nonwhite female IENs, respectively (p < .005). The relationship between hourly wage and being a white female was negative and statistically significant (p = .006) and white females earned 19.6% less per hour than white male IENs. Working in tertiary care contributed 21.60% of wages for white IENs and 10.30% of wages for nonwhite IENs. Inequality in nursing wages was related to an interaction between race and gender for wages of white female IENs but not in wages for nonwhite female IENs. Results of this study promote positive social change by motivating nursing departments to equalize wages and policymakers to strengthen equal pay statutes.

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10

Moreau, Thomas J. Jack. "The evaluation of appropriateness of OMB Circular A-76 studies on revenue-generating functions in Defense Working Capital Fund activities". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Dec%5FMoreau.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2002.
Thesis advisor(s): Philip J. Candreva, Lawrence R. Jones. Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-62). Also available online.

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11

Bai, Dan Molnar Joseph J. "Irrigation, income distribution, and industrialized agriculture in the Southeast United States". Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1407.

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12

Cahill, Kevin J. "Fertilizing the weeds the New Deal's rural poverty program in West Virginia /". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1073.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 1999.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains iv, 269 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 256-269).

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13

Leasor, Michele McNeely. "Measuring Geographically Concentrated Poverty in U.S. Metropolitan Areas, 1990-2000". Thesis, Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/9136.

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14

Browne, Irene Ann. "Into and out of poverty: Changes in the demographic composition of the United States poor, 1967-1987". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185703.

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The dissertation examines how changes in the race, gender and age composition of poverty over the past twenty years are linked to the unique experiences of particular birth cohorts. Demographer Richard Easterlin argues that generations born between 1944 and 1963 (the 'baby boom') face exceptional labor market competition and economic vulnerability due to their large numbers. Extending this theory, the central question of the dissertation is: Have families headed by the baby boom generation been more likely to be poor in the 1970s and 1980s compared to families headed by generations born prior to the baby boom? The findings indicate that among whites, the answer is clearly 'yes.' For African Americans, the answer appears to be 'no.' Results consistently show that the risk of poverty has been increasing with each successive generation of white family born since 1944. On the other hand, there is no evidence that black families headed by an individual born during the baby boom are more likely to be poor than those headed by previous generations. For both races, however, the most striking finding concerns the generation which was born after the baby boom. White and black families headed by adults born since 1964 are more likely to be poor compared to families headed by the older generations. The cohort effects on poverty are net of family structure, age of the family head, and period. The effects also persist controlling for employment variables which reflect labor market competition. Hypotheses about demographic trends in poverty from 1967 to 1987 are tested using multivariate analyses of a cross-sectional dataset (the Current Population Survey) and a longitudinal dataset (the Panel Study of Income Dynamics). Log-linear analyses of the Current Population Survey decompose the effects of family structure, age, period and cohort on poverty for all families as well as families headed by women. Discrete-time event history analyses of the PSID are used to model poverty among all families in any given year between 1969 and 1987. The dynamics of poverty are further examined in comparisons of nested multinomial logistic regression models of poverty entrances and exits among wives and female-headed families.

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15

Tobin, Amy. "Working together, working apart : feminism, art, and collaboration in Britain and the United States, 1970-81". Thesis, University of York, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/16445/.

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This thesis offers a feminist reading of women’s art in Britain and North America in the 1970s. Through archival research and interviews, I trace and elaborate the social and political context for a range of art-making practices. Prompted by the organisational ideals of the Women’s Liberation Movement, specifically decentralisation and anti-hierarchy, I focus on collaborations between women across four chapters populated by a number of case studies. With reference to the work of theorists and philosophers, including Juliet Mitchell, Hannah Arendt, and bell hooks, I analyse the ambivalences that can accompany working together, and the transformations that can arise from coming apart. In Chapter One, I look at how artists were influenced by the form of feminist consciousness raising sessions, both in their own activism and in their artworks. From the Rip-Off File (1973) to What is Feminist Art? (1977) along with work by Hannah Wilke and Howardena Pindell, I examine how feminist artists created a space for women’s art that was itself tested by dissensus and critique. Chapter Two focuses on collaboration at a distance, through the International Dinner Party by Suzanne Lacy and Linda Preuss (1979), the Women’s Postal Art Event (1975-7), and the work made by Cecilia Vicuña while in exile in London from her native Chile post-1973. In Chapter Three I examine how artists used the home as a site for political work within the context of feminist pedagogy in California, squatting in London, and racialized gentrification in New York. Chapter Four looks at feminist exhibition-making, specifically Issue: Social Strategies by Women Artists organized Lucy R. Lippard in 1980 at the Institute of Contemporary Art, London. I examine the difficult relationship between socialist feminist politics and working-class women artists. My conclusion reflects on work of historical research in the context of recent feminist exhibitions and activism.

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16

Nielsen, Sarah Kaye. "A Mixed-Methods Study Examining the Effectiveness of Psychosocial Occupational Therapy Preparation for Therapists Working with Children in Schools". Diss., North Dakota State University, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29770.

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This mixed-methods research study was conducted for the purpose of examining school-based occupational therapists' child psychosocial knowledge and attitudes, along with how therapists developed this knowledge and attitudes. Using a phenomenological qualitative approach, the study addressed the following broad research question: What meaning do school-based occupational therapists give to their experience in developing child psychosocial knowledge? Using a quantitative approach, a survey instrument was used to answer the following questions: (a) What level of child psychosocial knowledge and attitudes do school-based occupational therapists possess? (b) How do the following variables impact child psychosocial knowledge and attitudes: (1) level of education, (2) academic course content, (3) participation in mental health fieldwork, (4) application of psychosocial knowledge in non-mental health fieldwork, (5) professional practice experiences, and ( 6) continuing education experiences. Snowball sampling was used to select 11 school-based occupational therapists for the phenomenological portion of the design. Data were analyzed using Giorgi and Giorgi's (2008) method of phenomenological analysis. Random sampling was used to select 1,000 school-based therapists who were mailed the Occupational Therapy Child Mental Health Questionnaire based upon The Teacher Mental Health Opinion Inventory (Morris, 2002). The response was N = 630. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analysis of association. Using the mixed-methods triangulation convergence model, where both quantitative and qualitative data were collected at the same time and the results converged during interpretation by comparing and contrasting them, the following conclusions were made: (a) school-based occupational therapists possess and use child psychosocial knowledge: however. they do not believe it is sufficient; (b) school-based occupational therapists have a difficult time articulating psychosocial knowledge; however. through case descriptions they are able to give many examples of psychosocial knowledge they use in practice; (c) school-based occupational therapists believe that holistic, occupation-based, and client-centered practice, along with additional psychosocial intervention strategics, help them maintain a positive attitude toward children with emotional disturbance; (d) school-based occupational therapists experience tension when attempting to apply their holistic, occupation-based, and client-centered practice in an environment that is typically focused on students changing to meet the environmental demands; (e) due to the constraints of the educational system and the IEP, school-based occupational therapists practice holistically by incorporating psychosocial knowledge in a hidden fashion; (f) school-based occupational therapists believe that mental health fieldwork and rich experiences with individuals who have mental illness is important to developing a comfort level with people who have mental illness; (g) school-based occupational therapists do not readily connect the learning from adult mental health fieldwork that they apply in their school-based practices.

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17

Turner, John S. "The Pearl Harbor fleet maintenance pilot program : conversion from the Navy working captical fund to appropriated funding /". Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Jun%5FTurner.pdf.

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18

Zeller, Todd D. "The United States acid rain program : are tradable emission permits working efficiently?" Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1420.

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19

Russell-Morris, Brianne. "The logic of welfare reform an analysis of the reauthorization of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 /". Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/4533.

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Thesis (M.A.)--George Mason University, 2009.
Vita: p. 110. Thesis director: Nancy Weiss Hanrahan. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Interdisciplinary Studies. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed June 10, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-109). Also issued in print.

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20

Ayalon, Aram Itzhak. "Teachers' perceptions of their working environment in departmental and interdisciplinary teaming organization in middle level schools". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184563.

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The purpose of this study was to compare middle level teachers' perception of their working environment under two different organizational structures: departmental (DEP) and Interdisciplinary Teaming Organization (ITO). In addition within the ITO schools, this study compared the working environment perception of teachers between different schools and between team members and non-team members. ITO is characterized by organizing teams of teachers around a core of subjects and providing them with a block of time, a common planning period, and shared students. Studies suggested that ITO provided circumstances for increased cooperation among teachers and enhanced decision making participation comparing to DEP schools. As a consequence teachers reported more job satisfaction and higher level of efficacy. However, very few studies were found to study these differences at the school level. The sample of this investigation consisted of 78 middle level teachers--Forty-seven teachers from two middle schools with ITO and thirty-one teachers from two DEP junior high schools. Subjects were administered a slightly modified questionnaire, previously used with elementary teachers, consisting of 16 different scales depicting the various aspects of the teachers' working environment. In addition, in order to enhance the analysis of the results other data was collected through open-ended interviews, as well as 2-way Analysis of Variance of teacher background components was conducted. The findings revealed: (1) ITO teachers felt more positive than DEP teachers with regard to the factors: faculty cohesiveness; socialization and recruitment of new teachers; goal-setting; teacher evaluation; instructional coordination; homogeneity and shared values; and instructional rewards. No significant differences were obtained with regard to job satisfaction, efficacy and decision making participation. (2) No significant differences in attitudes were obtained between ITO members and non-members within each ITO school. (3) Teachers in ITO 2 school felt more positive than ITO 1 teachers on only three scales: decision making participation, managing student behavior, and instructional rewards. Results suggest that ITO has a positive impact on the teachers' working environment, however, decision making participation, job satisfaction and efficacy level may be affected more by other factors. Future research should focus on improving the effectiveness of ITO.

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21

Bottomley, Edward-John. "Governing 'Poor Whites' : race, philanthropy and transnational governmentality between the United States and South Africa". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/270079.

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Throughout the twentieth century so-called Poor Whites caused anxiety in countries where racial domination was crucial, such as South Africa, the colonies of European empire and the United States. The Poor Whites were troubling for a number of reasons, not least because they threatened white prestige and the entire system of racial control. The efforts of various governments, organisations and experts to discipline, control and uplift the group necessarily disadvantaged other races. These controls, such as colour bars and Jim Crow laws, had an enormous effect on the countries where the Poor Whites were seen as a problem. The results can still be seen in the profoundly unequal contemporary racial landscape, and which is given expression by protest groups such as Black Lives Matter. Yet the efforts to manage the Poor Whites have thus far been examined on a national basis — as a problem of the United States, or of South Africa, to name just the most significant locales and regimes. This dissertation attempts to expand our understanding of the geography of the Poor Whites by arguing that the ‘Poor White Problem’ was a transnational concern rooted in racial interests that transcended national concerns. The racial solidarity displayed by so-called ‘white men’s countries’ was also extended to the Poor Whites. Efforts to control and discipline the population were thus in service of the white race as a whole, and ignored national interests and national borders. The transnational management of the Poor Whites was done through a network of transnational organisations such as the League of Nations and the Rockefeller Foundation, as well as the careering experts they employed. The dissertation argues that these attempts constituted a transnational ‘governmentality’ according to which these organisations and their experts attempted to discipline a Poor White population that they viewed as transnational in order to uphold white prestige and tacitly maintain both global and local racial systems. This dissertation examines some of the ways in which Poor Whites were disciplined and racially rehabilitated. It examines health and sanitation, education and training, housing standards and the management of urban space, and finally photographic representation.

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22

Wigell, Mikael. "Governing the poor : the transformation of social governance in Argentina and Chile". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2010. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/524/.

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A crucial phenomenon during the last two decades has been the transformation of social governance. New orientations in social policy have radically altered the roles of the state, market and civil society in social provision. The thesis proposes a framework for understanding this transformation of social governance that links political leaders’strategic calculations to the particular political challenges they face as a result of changes in the socioeconomic environment as well as to the ideas and institutions that shape their reform attempts. Importantly, it shows how the “pluralist” social policy approach that was initiated by governments all over the developing world in the 1990s may lead to different modes of social governance with contrasting effects on statesociety relations. By drawing on a comparative analysis of Argentina and Chile, the thesis shows how this is highly contingent on regime institutions. In Argentina, regime institutions provide politicians with wide discretion in distributing social funds. The result has been a populist mode of social governance in which neo-clientelism serves to politicize the linkages between the political elites and subaltern sectors. In Chile, by contrast, regime institutions provide politicians with very little discretion in distributing social funds. This has resulted in a technocratic mode of social governance in which neo-pluralism serves to depoliticize the linkages between the political elites and subaltern sectors. Both outcomes differ markedly from widely made assumptions that couple the pluralist social policy approach with more participatory governance and poor people’s empowerment.

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23

Bas, N. "Brazilian images of the United States, 1861-1898 : a working version of modernity?" Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1324514/.

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For most of the nineteenth-century, the Brazilian liberal elites found in the ‘modernity’ of the European Enlightenment all that they considered best at the time. Britain and France, in particular, provided them with the paradigms of a modern civilisation. This thesis, however, challenges and complements this view by demonstrating that as early as the 1860s the United States began to emerge as a new model of civilisation in the Brazilian debate about modernisation. The general picture portrayed by the historiography of nineteenth-century Brazil is still today inclined to overlook the meaningful place that U.S. society had from as early as the 1860s in the Brazilian imagination regarding the concept of a modern society. This thesis shows how the images of the United States were a pivotal source of political and cultural inspiration for the political and intellectual elites of the second half of the nineteenth century concerned with the modernisation of Brazil. Drawing primarily on parliamentary debates, newspaper articles, diplomatic correspondence, books, student journals and textual and pictorial advertisements in newspapers, this dissertation analyses four different dimensions of the Brazilian representations of the United States. They are: the abolition of slavery, political and civil freedoms, democratic access to scientific and applied education, and democratic access to goods of consumption. These four themes together reveal the centrality of the relationship between the idea of modern civilisation and the United States in the imagination of the Brazilian liberal elites. The chronological framework of this research covers the period between the U.S. Civil War (1861-1865) and the Spanish- American War (1898). These were crucial decades in the development of U.S. power and a period when images of the United States began to circulate far more widely than hitherto in Brazil. Even though this study shows that positive and negative representations of the U.S. society coexisted, clashed and changed in the courte durée, the general tendency, however, was an overall shift from negative to positive images of the United States. ‘Americanisation’ is one of the theoretical concepts around which this study is framed. However, this thesis adds complexity to this term by showing that Brazilians themselves were active agents in the process of disseminating the (North-)‘American’ model of society in Brazil.

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Huffenberger, Ann Marie. "Factors Affecting the Job Satisfaction of Registered Nurses Working in the United States". ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1029.

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As the health care sector in the United States undergoes transformation, job dissatisfaction has become a problem that is confounded by the challenge that nurse executives encounter in understanding the aspirations of an increasingly diverse workforce. A quantitative survey was conducted online using a representative sample of registered nurses (RNs) nationwide. Approximately 127,000 RNs from across the nation received an invitation, and 272 RNs participated. Factorial ANOVAs were performed to answer the research questions of whether aspects of job satisfaction differ across the demographic factors of a diverse RN workforce. No differences exist in personal satisfaction or satisfaction with workload as a function of generational cohort (Baby Boomers, Generation X, and Generation Y), gender (female and male), or origin of training (United States or international). With Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory as the theoretical framework, multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the relative importance of job factors. Satisfaction with workload was a stronger predictor of global job satisfaction than personal satisfaction; this contradicts the motivation-hygiene theory. Work environment is a crucial factor in understanding global job satisfaction. This research has implications for social change by raising the nurse executives' understanding of factors that affect the job satisfaction of nurses and by doing so, may support patient advocacy, promote human gratification, and endorse economic gain.

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25

Bloodworth, Jeff. "Farewell to the vital center : a history of American liberalism, 1968-1980 /". View abstract, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3214003.

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26

Cash, Sherri Goldstein. ""A poor woman wants permit to go to Almshouse": Women, gender and poverty in New York's Burned-Over District, 1821-1861". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/279797.

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This dissertation studies poor women and the poverty relief system in New York's "Burned-Over District," the region comprising the Erie Canal corridor, during the period 1821-1861. The study offers a response to the historiography of middle-class formation in the region, which has largely omitted discussion of the working class and particularly the poor. While charitable work was critical in middle-class women's activities, poor women themselves are shadowy figures in the historiography. The following dissertation attempts to elucidate who poor women in the region were and why and how they used the poverty relief system. The study also uses gender as a framework of analysis in examining the middle-class discourse about poverty, the poor and especially poor women. In this discourse, able-bodied married and widowed women appeared as relatively deserving of assistance or as "worthy" poor for much of the period while single mothers and childless single women appeared as "unworthy." By the end of the antebellum era, only downwardly mobile, formerly middle-class, white, Protestant women appeared in the discourse as poor women who were entitled to public dependence.

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McCabe, Heather Kirsten. "Gender Difference in Working Parents' Perceptions of Work/Family Conflict and the Role of Occupational Prestige". PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2530.

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As many Americans move away from the traditional homemaker-breadwinner family model, research on gender and work/family conflict has become increasingly important and the question of gender difference in experiences of work/family conflict continues to be relevant. While there is research that shows women tend to experience significantly greater work/family conflict than men, there are also studies that have shown little or no gender difference, and some that offer evidence that men are reporting more work/family conflict. This study contributes to the debate by examining gender and occupational prestige in regard to working parents' perceptions of work-to-family and family-to-work spillover, with a quantitative analysis of national probability sampled survey data from the General Social Survey's Quality of Working Life Module from the years 2006 and 2010. The findings indicate that fathers are reporting significantly more work/family conflict than mothers, and that higher prestige work is associated with greater work/family conflict, but occupational prestige has a gendered effect with work-to-family spillover and is found to be especially salient for fathers. Overall, this study demonstrates the need for policy-makers and employers to acknowledge men's parenthood. The findings are evidence that there is a need for incentivized paternity leave initiatives in the United States, as well as more universal employee work/life programs that address the barriers to fathers utilizing family-accommodating benefits.

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Glendening, Cecile G. "Care of the Poor in Elizabeth River Parish, Norfolk County, Va 1749-1761". W&M ScholarWorks, 1987. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625382.

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Gustafson, Edward J. "Atoms, Pounds and Poor Relations: The Illusion of an Anglo-American Special Relationship, 1941-1946". W&M ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626263.

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Yaudes, Cynthia Gwynne. "Working an image radical labor newspapers and the American tabloid press, 1919-1922 /". [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3331245.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of History and the American Studies Program, 2008.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Jul 23, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-11, Section: A, page: 4474. Advisers: Eva Cherniavsky; Eric Sandweiss.

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Moreau, Thomas J. "The evaluation of appropriateness of OMB Circular A-76 studies on revenue-generating functions in Defense Working Capital Fund activities". View thesis, 2002. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion.exe/02Dec%5FMoreau.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, 2002.
Title from title screen (viewed May 16, 2005). "December 2002." Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-62). Also issued in paper format.

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Millward, Alison J. "Affordable downtown housing : innovative U.S. municipal initiatives and a case study of Seattle". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29996.

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The past decade has witnessed both steep reductions in federal housing assistance and an intensification of local housing problems including homelessness. In light of these trends, this study explores alternative means available to municipalities of meeting the housing needs of low-income households. The methods chosen to accomplish this were two-fold: a literature review and a case study. The literature review revealed that in response to the Reagan administration's 1981 cutbacks to housing programs a new low-income housing delivery system, based largely on public-private partnerships, has emerged from the grass roots level in communities across the United States. In the new production system efforts have focused on preservation rather than new construction, and large for-profit developers have been replaced by nonprofit community-based development corporations and local public agencies. With the assurance of federal subsidies gone, local governments and nonprofit developers have sought to increase the effectiveness of current resources, direct more general revenue to housing activities and have raised new resources. Today, financing packages for low-income projects are usually built upon customized and creative financial packages that are difficult to replicate, and as a result, no definitive solutions have yet been found. Despite the hard work and creativity that has gone into developing low-income housing in the U.S. over the past decade local programs have been able to meet only a fraction of the country's housing needs. The case study method was chosen to focus on the City of Seattle, Washington's specific housing initiatives. The City's response has closely followed the national experience. A new delivery system has emerged which depends largely on the efforts of the City's municipal government, through its Department of Community Development, and the community's growing nonprofit sector. As a matter of policy Seattle has chosen to spend most of its low-income housing dollars on preserving the downtown's remaining 7,311 low-income units. The City does not. build housing itself, but instead, acts as a "bank" loaning money generated, for the most part, by off-budget strategies to nonprofit housing developers to rehabilitate existing low-income units to meet housing code standards. Seattle's housing programs have had mixed results. Despite their efforts, due to downtown's expansion, the City has continued to lose low-income units in the downtown to demolition and rent increases, no gain has been made on the City's overall housing need, and while the City has replaced the lost federal subsidies, it has not created significant ongoing revenue streams for future housing development. Results of this study indicate that, only the long term commitment of federal funds to a national housing strategy can stem the growing tide of homelessness across the U.S. and avert, a deepening of the country's housing crisis.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate

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Chadravarthy, Ravi R. "The relationship of work and worker characteristics to utilization of workers' compensation benefits". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43384.

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Freeman-Coker, Fannie Charlene. "The effects of self-esteem, locus of control, and exposure to nontraditional occupations on the employment interests of women in poverty". Diss., This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07282008-135438/.

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Howe, James D. "A national assessment of the salaries and working conditions of agricultural education teachers in the United States, 1990-1991". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39836.

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The purpose of the study was to determine the salaries and working conditions of agricultural education teachers in the United States. To accomplish this purpose the following objectives were identified: 1. To determine the demographic characteristics of agricultural education teachers. 2. To determine the salaries, salary supplements, and monetary fringe benefits of agricultural education teachers. 3. To determine the nonmonetary benefits of agricultural education teachers. 4. To determine the major instructional and noninstructional responsibilities of agricultural education teachers. 5. To describe the work settings and working conditions in which agricultural education teachers are employed. 6. To determine the work loads of agricultural education teachers. Most agricultural education teachers reported receiving health insurance benefits. However, only a small percentage (14.7%) of respondents reported receiving fully paid health insurance for themselves and their families. In addition, fewer than one-half (41.4%) of the agricultural education teachers reported receiving fully paid major medical insurance, eye care (13.1%), dental care (20.5%), and life insurance (35.3%). Production agriculture and agricultural mechanics remain the predominant subjects taught by agricultural education teachers. However, a majority of agricultural education teachers also reported teaching agriscience. Although only a small percentage (18.8%) of agricultural education teachers advised Young Farmer chapters, most (95.8%) advised FFA chapters. Nearly all (98.4%) agricultural education teachers classified their employment status as full-time. Typically, agricultural education teachers were mployed a mean 11.3 months per year. Most (69.5%) agricultural education teachers were employed in comprehensive high schools with a mean student population of 662.4 students. Agricultural education teachers reported a mean of 6.7 periods in a typical school day and teaching load of 5.2 instructional periods per day. Nearly three-fourths of the respondents reported having one period per day allotted for planning, student visitations, or student conferences.
Ed. D.

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Manion, Lynne Nelson. "Local 21's Quest for a Moral Economy: Peabody, Massachusetts and its Leather Workers, 1933-1973". Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2003. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/ManionLN2003.pdf.

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Amora, Chantal. "CONFLICT ZONE INTERPRETERS.A Study on Afghan and Iraqi Interpreters Working for The United States Armed Forces". Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20887/.

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Iraqi and Afghan conflict interpreters are hired by the American Armed Forces to break down linguistic and cultural barriers between military personnel and local communities. Through an overview of their role and profession, this paper aims, on the one hand, to highlight the many struggles of conflict interpreters and, on the other, to provide a comprehensive image of conflict interpreters in order to elucidate the little-known profession. Using some of the available literature, data, and reports as well as some first-hand accounts, this paper first presents the conflict zones in Iraq and in Afghanistan then discusses the need for conflict interpreters in those areas. Once the distinction of the different categories of conflict interpreters is drawn, the paper focuses on locally recruited interpreters and the risks and concerns their profession entails. Analysis of this information demonstrates that conflict interpreters are a necessity. They must endure the dangerous nature of their profession, which ultimately pushes them to look for a better life in the country of their employer. With the US government providing little to no assistance so that their foreign employees can obtain a US Visa, conflict interpreters either look on to NGOs or are left to fend for themselves.

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Johnston, Robert L. "Collective action and changes in wage labor". Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54452.

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This study attempted to address the relative merits of the Weberian and Structural Marxist perspectives for explaining changes in the distribution of wage labor. The findings of the study suggested that many of the common assumptions held by Weberians and Structural Marxists concerning the effects of technological growth, increasing bureaucratization of production, increasing concentration of capital, and growth in the ranks of white-collar workers are not supported with data on manufacturing industries in the post-war era. Moreover, this study introduced collective action as an important determinant for explaining changes in the labor process and in the distribution of wage labor. The findings indicate that workers collective action enhances our understanding of labor process development and changes in wage labor. And, the findings suggest that the struggle between workers and capitalists is vital to understanding the process of capitalist development since World War II, contrary to the popularly held beliefs of many post-industrial theorists.
Ph. D.

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Holmes, Elizabeth Ann. "Women, Work, and the Civil War: The Effect of the Civil War on the Women Working in Richmond, Virginia, between 1860 and 1870". W&M ScholarWorks, 1989. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625545.

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Hauser, Harald. "Rethinking the welfare state : towards an alternative to the American welfare state /". Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08142009-040446/.

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Hughes, Tina M. "Parents' Beliefs and Knowledge Regarding Child Development and Appropriate Early Childhood Classroom Practices". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2468/.

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The intent of this study was to assess low-income parents knowledge and beliefs regarding child development and appropriate classroom practice and to compare their responses with those obtained from a previous survey of upper-income parents (Grebe, 1998). This study group (N=21) consisted of parents or guardians with children in a federally subsidized child-care center. Results indicated a high level of knowledge regarding developmentally appropriate practice and child development. Overall, there were no significant differences in the knowledge between the two income-levels, however, responses to several questions revealed slight differences in beliefs.

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Connelly, Chloe. "Classless America?: Intergenerational Mobility and Determinants of Class Identification in the United States". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1479815137608335.

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Carpenter, Joshua David. "Democracy and the disengaged : a multi-dimensional study of voter mobilization in Alabama". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a2c1f070-db85-465c-b3e5-f55ddbe01438.

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This thesis investigates if and how poor, mostly minority citizens can be mobilized by a campaign whose principal policy objective would materially enhance their lives by including them in a major public program. The question is put to the test through a multi-dimensional study of voter mobilization in Alabama during the 2014 election for Governor. At stake in the election was whether Alabama would expand Medicaid through the Affordable Care Act in Alabama, an issue emblematic of "submergedness" (Mettler, 2011). In order to understand the extent to which the policy was submerged - measured by knowledge and awareness of the policy, along with its key provisions - I distributed a survey to 868 Alabamians weeks before the election. The survey used the experimental design of conjoint analysis to test which aspects of the policy were most persuasive among the target population. Additionally, I performed a randomized field experiment across the four major metropolitan areas of Alabama, micro-targeting 6,021 registered voters living in the "Coverage Gap," citizens who could gain health insurance if Medicaid were expanded. The campaign yielded negligible effects on voter turnout among subjects in the Coverage Gap, even though the interventions shifted voter knowledge, 'surfacing' the policy. In addition to the survey and field experiments, this research benefits from qualitative insights gathered in 22 semi-structured interviews conducted among poor Alabamians, many of whom were uninsured. From these interviews, it became clear that the political disengagement of the poor is deeply entrenched, prohibitive of policy-based mobilization. Disengagement is driven by a complex mix of barriers to registration and perceptions of political inefficacy based on interpretations of extant policy designs. These results have important implications for our understanding of the limitations of policy-based mobilization, suggesting that more attention must be paid to how current policies shape predispositions for mobilization.

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Beegle, Donna Marie. "Interrupting Generational Poverty: Experiences Affecting Successful Completion of a Bachelor's Degree". PDXScholar, 2000. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3822.

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The problem addressed in this study can be stated thus: There are extremely limited numbers of students from the lowest economic class graduating from our nation's institutions of higher education. The challenge to institutions of higher education is how to improve access, support, and successful completion of higher education for students experiencing the most extreme poverty barriers. Weber's (1946) social-class theory was selected to determine the meanings and interpretations of students from poverty backgrounds in regard to their success and perceived barriers to success in completing college. This theoretical construct is based on the idea that collectively held meanings arise from three distinct although related dimensions of life including, lifestyles, context, and economic opportunity. Focus group interviews with a representative group of 24 people who grew up in generational poverty were the main source of data (Merton, Fiske, & Kendall, 1990). The focus group interviews were open-ended and designed to reveal the participants' subjective experience of completing a college degree (Schatzman & Strauss, 1973). A demographic questionnaire administered to 56 respondents was used to complement the focus group interviews. The grounded theory approach guided the data collection and analysis process (Glaser & Strauss, 1967; Strauss & Corbin, 1990). According to its objectives, the study results provided: (a) a description of the poverty-related conditions, (b) an overview of the early educational experiences of the participants, (c) a demographic profile, (d) an overview of perceived challenges and barriers to higher education and (e) a discussion of success factors. The findings from this study would suggest five areas for educational improvement: (a) development of a campus climate sensitive to social class and poverty issues; (b) implementation of faculty, staff, and student social-class sensitivity training programs combined with curricular reform; (c) facilitation of connections to informal mentors; (d) articulation of connections between obtaining a college degree and earning a higher income; and an (e) exploration of expanding college partnerships with social service agencies that are geared to helping people in poverty.

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Wang, Zhong (June). "Displaced self and sense of belonging : a Chinese researcher studying Chinese expatriates working in the United States". [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001423.

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Larson, Eric Hugh. "Geographic variation in the risk of poor birth outcome in the non-metropolitan population of the United States, 1985-1987 /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5634.

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Johnson, Susan Allyn. "Industrial voyagers a case study of Appalachian migration to Akron, Ohio : 1900-1940 /". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1140124259.

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Newton, Avery Danforth. "Exploring the School- and Student-level Predictors of Decent Work Attainment in the United States:". Thesis, Boston College, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108368.

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Thesis advisor: Laura M. O'Dwyer
As the nature of work continues to evolve and diversify in the 21st century, issues related to the attainment of high-quality work are paramount. Initially defined by the International Labour Organisation [ILO], Decent Work exists as a standard for the expected quality of work to which all should have access in modern society. Central to the definition of Decent Work is the guarantee that “women and men enjoy working experiences that are safe, allow adequate free time and rest, take into account family and social values, provide for adequate compensation in case of lost or reduced income, and permit access to adequate healthcare” (ILO, n.d.). While issues of work quality are relevant to all members of the workforce, young adults are at heightened risk of not securing work that is Decent, if they are able to secure work at all. Using nationally representative data from the Educational Longitudinal Study of 2002 [ELS:02], this study investigates Decent Work attainment among young adults through the lens of their experiences as high school students ten years prior. The Psychology of Working Theory (Duffy et al., 2016) guides this investigation, explicitly accounting for both individual (student-level) and contextual (school-level) characteristics in the prediction of future Decent Work attainment and overall employment status. Results from a series of multilevel analyses indicate that most of the variability in Decent Work attainment and employment status exists at the individual level, as opposed to the high school level. Structurally, this suggests that schools are not the primary drivers of students’ contextual influences when it comes to their work outcomes. Furthermore, the collection of school- and student-level predictors found to be significantly associated with the various facets of Decent Work and employment status varies widely from model to model. This suggests that the Psychology of Working Theory is far from a one-size-fits-all theory, and that the predictors of work attainment are highly complex. Implications for education policy and future research are discussed in Chapter 5
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2019
Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education
Discipline: Educational Research, Measurement and Evaluation

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Nagtalon-Ramos, Jamille Kristine. "Factors Affecting Graduate Degree Pursuit for BSN-Prepared Filipino and Filipino American Nurses Working in the United States". Thesis, University of Pennsylvania, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10600040.

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Although Filipino and Filipino American nurses represent an impressive share of the nursing workforce, they are not well represented in advanced practice, faculty, and executive leadership positions. Obtaining a graduate degree in nursing has the potential to open a wider range of opportunities to meet the healthcare demands of a population that is growing older, and increasingly becoming more diverse. The purpose of this study was to examine the factors affecting graduate degree pursuit for BSN-prepared Filipino and Filipino American nurses working in the United States. This study provides an in-depth examination into intergenerational perspectives from 33 Filipino and Filipino American nurses from 14 states. Ricoeur’s hermeneutical phenomenology was utilized as an interpretive approach and the theoretical underpinnings of career construction theory served as a framework. This study revealed that the determination to provide a better life for their family and a commitment to advancing the profession were incentives to pursuing a graduate degree. In addition, having a reliable network of colleagues and peer mentors was essential to persisting in their programs. Across all generations, finances were a major barrier to educational attainment, specifically for first-generation participants who prioritized sending money back to their family in the Philippines. Other factors were related to English as a second language, communication styles, experiencing discrimination, lack of knowledge of available graduate programs, approaching the age of retirement, friction between generations, and perceived discrimination. Exposure to advanced practice registered nurses in the workforce was a disincentive for some participants and was inspiring to others. These factors were not independent of each other and their impact fluctuated over time. The decision to pursue an advanced nursing degree depended upon the individual’s determination that the return on investment of a graduate degree outweighed the sum of all their responsibilities and obligations. Findings from this research can help the Filipino community and professional nursing organizations, higher education faculty and staff, and healthcare system leaders in developing strategic plans to help Filipino and Filipino American nurses overcome barriers and to facilitate robust pathways for those who intend to advance their educational goals and professional nursing careers.

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Newell, Mark M. "The historic working small craft of South Carolina : a general typology with a study of adaptations of flatboat design". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11135.

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The following dissertation presents a typology for historic working watercraft of the State of South Carolina, United States of America. The background investigation for this typology addressed research design questions concerning the geographic and ethnic origins of the builders of these craft, the history of transportation growth in the area and other factors which are thought to have influenced basic design, and construction methods. These factors were the environments in which craft operated, the materials and skills available for their construction, and the shapes and eights of typical cargoes they were designed to transport. In addition to archival sources, data was developed by surveying regions of South Carolina where specific types of craft were known to operate. These areas included lower coastal plain riverine environments, abandoned rice plantations, abandoned ferry crossings, historic canals, and marine phosphate mining areas. Where remains of craft were discovered, a survey was conducted to gather sufficient information to determine the basic design, construction, and function of the vessel. Experimental archaeological projects also were undertaken during the last stages of the research to determine if it were possible to gather viable data concerning construction economy, construction sequence, and performance. The projects consisted of the construction of one full scale 'replica' rice plantation barge, one full scale 'reconstruction' of an upland cotton boat, and one large scale model of a plantation chine-girder barge. These projects also constituted an examination of the value of experimental archaeology to this type of research. The work also provided an opportunity to compare the relative values of the construction of replicas using historic techniques and materials, versus 'reconstruction' to visually accurate standards using modern materials. It was determined, given certain factors dictated by funding and labor, that experimental archaeology can indeed contribute worthwhile data for research purposes. The archival and field data generated by this activity were analyzed and a typology developed. It was determined that at least fourteen specific types of paddled or wind and tide driven watercraft were operated in the study area from the pre-historic period to approximately 1930. These craft included dugout canoes, dugout-form based plantation craft, flat bottomed sailing vessels, round hulled ocean going sailing vessels, barge-form ferry craft, rice flats and phosphate carriers, extreme length-to-beam ratio mountain river craft, and highly specialized canal craft. The data also indicate that working environments and cargo form were specific and direct influences on watercraft design. In some cases, such as aboriginal dugout canoes produced prior to European contact, ethnic influences were readily discernible. This proved not to be the case after the contact period. Archival data clearly indicate that both European and Africans and African Americans were engaged in watercraft construction and operation during the study period. Evidence is presented to show that Europeans sought specific skills among imported Africans ranging from the cultivation of agricultural crops to blacksmithing. Further evidence demonstrates African skills in watercraft construction and operation, especially of dugout canoes and dugout based designs. It is hypothesized that craft of these type are most likely to be representative of the craft produced by this ethnic group in South Carolina. This hypothesis is supported by presentation of archival data showing that these types of craft were the vessels of choice of African and African American crews. Further evidence is presented to show that widely ranging European boat building skills also are represented in the archaeological record, including English, French and possibly middle European influences. It is further determined that specific identification of the influence of anyone ethnic group is made unlikely as a result of the early absorption of ethnic traditions and the training of one group, Africans and African Americans, in the boat-building and carpentry traditions of the dominant European group. Extensive additional field data is presented on barge-form craft as remains of this type of vessel contributed to the archaeological record in far greater numbers than any other. The preponderance of this form is interpreted as a manifestation of the magnitude of the South Carolina rice industry and the catastrophic nature of its cessation due to the Civil War of 1860-1865. Two types of construction are identified, one based on plank and frame (as opposed to plank on frame) methods, the other method utilizing massive chine-girder logs. Evidence is presented to demonstrate that, while the basic barge or flat design was similar throughout the study area, details of construction including chine-girder shaping, fastening methods, scarphing techniques, and bow/stern to side construction methods varied greatly. This is interpreted as a reflection of the individual skills of the plantation carpenters who were primarily responsible for the building of these craft. Evidence also is presented for an emerging dating technique based on the nature of construction methods, types of fastenings, and the size of lumber components of barge form craft. The research also suggests predictive models for determining the likelihood of further remains of specific vessel types ranging from rice cuIture flats to phosphate barges. Finally, appendices to this dissertation include 106 illustrations, a glossary of terms, a procedure for barge documentation, tables of conversions for metric measurements to English measurement on barges, and a discussion of weights and measurements for historic period cargoes and containers.

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