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Junaid, Danish, Zheng He, Amit Yadav e Lydia Asare-Kyire. "Whether analogue countries exhibit similar women entrepreneurial activities?" Management Decision 58, n.º 4 (29 de agosto de 2019): 759–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-06-2018-0681.
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Purpose While there are many studies on the impacts of formal institutions such as government financial supporting and tax preferential policies on women entrepreneurial entry, few attempted to explore how informal institutions causes cross-country differences in women entrepreneurship. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether countries (Pakistan and Malaysia) with similar religious belief, political system and government policies exhibits similar level of women entrepreneurial activity from an informal institutional perspective. Design/methodology/approach This study used Global entrepreneurship monitor (GEM) data for the years 2010–2012 and employed probit regression analysis to examine the impacts of cultural-cognitive and social-normative institutions on women entrepreneurial activity. Findings The findings reveal profound differences of women’s entrepreneurial activities between Pakistan and Malaysia. While cultural-cognitive dimension shows substantial impact for both nations, social-normative dimension explains the main differences in women’s entrepreneurial activity. Practical implications This study proposes that policymakers may craft policies to enhance women skills, knowledge and networking as well as positive societal attitudes to foster women entrepreneurial activities. Originality/value This study shows that countries with the same religion and similar formal institutions can also exhibit different level of women entrepreneurial activity. In Pakistan, the negative societal attitudes in the form of deep rooted traditional beliefs as well as misinterpreted religious concepts for women role create formidable challenges and inhibit business opportunities for them. By contrast, favorable social perception and societal attitudes in Malaysia encourage women to pursue their entrepreneurial activities.
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Weiss, Nerina. "Falling from grace: Gender norms and gender strategies in Eastern Turkey". New Perspectives on Turkey 42 (2010): 55–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0896634600005574.
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AbstractThis article calls for a critical scholarly engagement with women's participation in the Kurdish movement. Since the 1980s, women have appropriated the political sphere in different gender roles, and their activism is mostly seen as a way of empowerment and emancipation. Albeit legitimate, such a claim often fails to account for the social and political control mechanisms inherent in the new political gender roles. This article presents the life stories of four Kurdish women. Although politically active, these women do not necessarily define themselves through their political activity. Thus they do not present their life story according to the party line, but dwell on the different social and political expectations, state violence and the contradicting role models with whom they have to deal on a daily basis. Therefore, the status associated with their roles, especially those of the “new” and emancipated woman, does not necessarily represent their own experiences and subjectivities. Women who openly criticize the social and political constraints by transgressing the boundaries of accepted conduct face social as well as political sanctions.
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Hawkins, Billy, Raegan A. Tuff e Gary Dudley. "African American women, body composition, and physical activity". Journal of African American Studies 10, n.º 1 (junho de 2006): 44–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12111-006-1012-5.
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Moulton, Mo. "“You Have Votes and Power”: Women's Political Engagement with the Irish Question in Britain, 1919–23". Journal of British Studies 52, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2013): 179–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2012.4.
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AbstractThe Anglo-Irish War of 1919–21 spurred organized political activity among women in Britain, including former suffragists who campaigned against coercion in Ireland and members of the Irish minority in Britain who supported more radical republican efforts to achieve Irish independence. Their efforts are particularly significant because they occurred immediately after the granting of partial suffrage to women in 1918. This article argues that the advent of female suffrage changed the landscape of women's political mobilization in distinct ways that were made visible by advocacy on Ireland, including the regendering of the discourse of citizenship and the creation of new opportunities beyond the vote for women to exercise political power. At the same time, the use of women's auxiliary organizations and special meetings and the strategic blurring of the public and private spheres through the political use of domestic spaces all indicate the strength of continuities with nineteenth-century antecedents. The article further situates women's political advocacy on Ireland in an imperial and transnational context, arguing that it was part of the process of reconceptualizing Britain's postwar global role whether through outright anti-imperialism, in the case of Irish republicans, or through humanitarianism and the new internationalism, in the case of most former suffragists. Finally, the article examines the failure of these two groups of women to forge alliances with each other, underscoring the ways in which both class and nationality challenged a notional common interest based on sex.
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Hailemariam, Atsede Tesfaye, Brigitte Kroon, Marloes van Engen e Marc van Veldhoven. "Dreams and reality: autonomy support for women entrepreneurs in Ethiopia". Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 38, n.º 7 (16 de setembro de 2019): 727–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/edi-10-2017-0230.
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Purpose Taking a self-determination theory (SDT) perspective, the purpose of this paper is to understand the socio-cultural context on the satisfaction of basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness in the entrepreneurial activity of women entrepreneurs in Ethiopia. Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 19 women entrepreneurs operating business in the formal sector of the economy in Addis Ababa. A thematic analysis approach was used to analyze and interpret the interview transcripts. Findings Women entrepreneurs experience autonomy-supportive and controlling socio-cultural contexts in their gender role, parent–daughter relationship, husband–wife relationship and their religious affiliation. Autonomy-supportive social agents provide women entrepreneurs, the chance to perceive themselves as competent and autonomous to exploit and choose opportunities and run their business in accordance with their personal values and interests. On the other hand, controlling social agents maintain and reinforce the existing male-dominated social and economic order. They constrain women’s entrepreneurial performance by undermining their basic psychological needs satisfaction, which limits their autonomous functioning and well-being in entrepreneurial activity. Practical implications To promote women’s autonomous functioning and well-being in entrepreneurial activity, policy should be aimed at reducing constraints to the satisfaction of psychological needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness in the socio-cultural context. Originality/value The study is the first to apply SDT to explore the influence of autonomy vs controlling socio-cultural contexts on satisfaction vs thwarting needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness in the entrepreneurial activity of women.
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Halper, Louise. "DISRUPTED SOCIETIES, TRANSFORMATIVE STATES: POLITICS OF LAW AND GENDER IN REPUBLICAN TURKEY AND IRAN". Hawwa 5, n.º 1 (2007): 90–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156920807781787680.
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AbstractIran and Turkey, one an Islamic, the other a secular republic, are the more successful loci of women's participation in public life, both politically and economically, than are a number of other states whose population is largely Muslim. I suggest their relative success (as measured by World Bank and UNHDR data) may be due to similar transformative shifts from monarchy to republic. Historical examination of the cases of Turkey and Iran suggests that while the mobilization of women into political activity is crucial, it need not result in similar legal changes. Obviously, the right to vote is fundamental to political participation and exists for women in both countries. The comparison of the two republics suggests that, at least in Muslim-majority countries, a legal regime explicitly protecting gender rights may be less central to social change, including women's participation in public life, than is a history of women's mobilization in support of popular politics.
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Robnett, Belinda, e James A. Bany. "Gender, Church Involvement, and African-American Political Participation". Sociological Perspectives 54, n.º 4 (dezembro de 2011): 689–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sop.2011.54.4.689.
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While numerous studies discuss the political implications of class divisions among African-Americans, few analyze gender differences in political participation. This study assesses the extent to which church activity similarly facilitates men's and women's political participation. Employing data from a national cross-sectional survey of 1,205 adult African-American respondents from the 1993 National Black Politics Study, the authors conclude that black church involvement more highly facilitates the political participation of black men than black women. Increasing levels of individual black church involvement and political activity on the part of black churches increases the gender gap in political participation and creates a gender participation gap for some political activities. These findings suggest that while institutional engagement increases political participation, the gendered nature of the institutional context also influences political engagement outcomes.
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Shepard, Alexandra, e Tim Stretton. "Women Negotiating the Boundaries of Justice in Britain, 1300–1700: An Introduction". Journal of British Studies 58, n.º 4 (outubro de 2019): 677–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2019.84.
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AbstractThis introduction places the articles featured in this special issue of the Journal of British Studies within the context of recent scholarship on late medieval and early modern women and the law. It is designed to highlight the many boundaries that structured women's legal agency in Britain, including the procedural boundaries that filtered their voices through male advisers and officials, the jurisdictional boundaries that shaped litigation strategies, the constraints surrounding women's appearance as witnesses in court, the gendered differentiation of rights determined by primogeniture and marital property law, and the boundaries between legal and extralegal activity. Emphasizing the importance of a nuanced approach, it rejects the construction of women's litigation simply as a form of resistance to patriarchal norms and also urges caution against overestimating or oversimplifying the choices available to women in legal disputes or their latitude to operate as autonomous individuals. Gender intersected in British courts with locality, resources, jurisdiction, social status, and familial, religious, and political affiliations to inform different women's access to justice, which involved negotiations between unequal actors within various constraints and in complex alignment with multiple and often competing interests.
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Gula, Oksana. "Activity of Valeriia O’Connor-Vilinska in emigration (1918–1930)". Kyiv Historical Studies, n.º 2 (2018): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2524-0757.2018.2.1923.
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The article examines the literary and social activities of a Ukrainian writer, translator Valeriia O’ConnorVilinska in emigration. It analyses semantic content of her works that trace the author’s political position, her attitude to the Ukrainian culture and literature. Valeriia O’Connor-Vilinska was a prominent writer, playwright, public figure, one of the cofounders of the Ukrainian Central Rada, a member of the Terminology Commission of the Ukrainian Academy of Economics in Podebrady. Her activity had a great impact on to the interwar Ukrainian emigration in Czechoslovakia. Besides, her activity in the theatre field was widely known not only in Ukraine but also abroad, and children’s plays, stories created by her are still popular nowadays. Therefore, according to development of studies related to the social, cultural and political activities of women in Ukraine, it is necessary to analyse the role and the place of the Ukrainian writer, translator Valeriia O’Connor-Vilinska in this process.
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Howell, Julia Day. "Sufism and the Indonesian Islamic Revival". Journal of Asian Studies 60, n.º 3 (agosto de 2001): 701–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2700107.
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Like other parts of the muslim world, Indonesia has experienced an Islamic revival since the 1970s (cf. Hefner 1997; Jones 1980; Liddle 1996, 622–25; Muzaffar 1986; Schwarz 1994, 173–76; Tessler and Jesse 1996). To date, representations of Indonesia's Islamic revival have featured forms of religious practice and political activity concerned with what in the Sufi tradition is called the “outer” (lahir) expression of Islam: support for and observance of religious law (I.syariah, A.syari'at), including the practice of obligatory rituals. Thus commonly mentioned as evidence of a revival in Indonesia are such things as the growing numbers of mosques and prayer houses, the increasing popularity of head coverings (kerudung, jilbab) among Muslim women and school girls, the increasing usage of Islamic greetings, the more common sight of Muslims excusing themselves for daily prayers and attending services at their workplaces, the appearance of new forms of Islamic student activity on university campuses, strong popular agitation against government actions seen as prejudicial to the Muslim community, and the establishment in 1991 of an Islamic bank.
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Prokhovnik, Raia. "Public and Private Citizenship: From Gender Invisibility to Feminist Inclusiveness". Feminist Review 60, n.º 1 (setembro de 1998): 84–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/014177898339406.
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Conceptions of citizenship which rest on an abstract and universal notion of the individual founder on their inability to recognize the political relevance of gender. Such conceptions, because their ‘gender-neutrality’ has the effect of excluding women, are not helpful to the project of promoting the full citizenship of women. The question of citizenship is often reduced to either political citizenship, in terms of an instrumental notion of political participation, or social citizenship, in terms of an instrumental notion of economic (in)dependence. The paper argues for the recognition of citizenship as gendered, and as an ethical, that is non-instrumental, social status which is distinct from both political participation and economic (in)dependence. What unites us as citizens, in our equal membership of the political community, need not rely on a conception of us as ‘neutral’ (abstract, universalized, genderless) individuals undertaking one specific activity located in the public realm, but can take account of the diverse ways in which we engage in ethically-grounded activities on the basis of our different genders, ethnic and cultural backgrounds and other differences, in both the public and private realms. A convincing feminist conception of citizenship necessarily involves a radical redefinition of the public/private distinction to accommodate the recognition of citizenship practices in the private realm. The paper builds on the observation that the concept of ‘citizenship’ is broader than the concept of ‘the political’ (or ‘the social/economic’), and contends that feminism provides us with the emancipatory potential of gendered subjectivity, which applies to both men and women. The recognition of gendered subjectivity opens the way to the recognition of the diversity of citizenship practices. It is not that women need to be liberated from the private realm, in order to take part in the public realm as equal citizens, but that women – and men – already undertake responsibilities of citizenship in both the public and the private realms.
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Márquez-Domínguez, Yolanda, Ana Isabel González-Herrera e Josué Gutiérrez-Barroso. "Las Titulaciones De La Facultad De Educación De La Universidad De La Laguna, Un Análsis Desde La Perspetiva De Género". European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, n.º 8 (31 de março de 2018): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n8p56.
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Throughout history, there have been periods in which education was restricted to women. This was seen through the generalization of public instruction (Moyano Law, 1857), when it began to require more women to educate their own sex. One of the significant effect it has was that education became a form of integration of women in the economic sphere and, therefore, outside the borders of reproductive life. It became one of the main career opportunities for women, who until then had been excluded from the professional world, becoming “their first massive professional occupation” (San Román, 1997). Historically, and currently, Early Childhood Education is a labor area occupied mainly by women. This fact has its origin in the numerous conditioning factors: historical, social, cultural, economic, and political. However, we started from the observation that the teaching profession has become a predominantly female activity. This paper focuses on analyzing different factors of feminization that allow us to understand the causes for which the studies of child teaching at the University of La Laguna were carried out mainly by women.
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Sebastião, Emerson, Wojtek Chodzko-Zajko e Andiara Schwingel. "A Snapshot on the Daily Sedentary Behavior of Community Dwelling Older African American Women". Journal of Black Studies 49, n.º 2 (7 de dezembro de 2017): 114–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021934717741899.
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Long periods of sedentary behavior (SB) is detrimental for health. This study investigated SB in older African American women (OAAW) and further compared it between participants of different physical activity status. Twenty OAAW had their sedentary time measured by accelerometers for seven consecutive days. Actigraph 6 processed accelerometer data and SPSS was used for statistical analysis with significance set at p < .05. Our sample spent approximately 9 hours in SB with an average of 27 breaks of sedentary time per day. The inactive group had higher amounts of time ( p < .01) on the average length of sedentary bout and the average number of sedentary bouts longer than 30 minutes compared with the active group. OAAW spend large amounts of their awaking hours in sedentary activities. The findings suggest that the inactive women may be at increased health risk based on the low levels of physical activity and the prolonged sedentary bouts.
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Saillant, John. "Antiguan Methodism and Antislavery Activity: Anne and Elizabeth Hart in the Eighteenth-Century Black Atlantic". Church History 69, n.º 1 (março de 2000): 86–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3170581.
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Around 1790, two young sisters born into a slaveholding free black family began instructing Antiguan slaves in literacy and Christianity. The sisters, Anne (1768–1834) and Elizabeth (1771–1833) Hart, first instructed their father's slaves at Popeshead—he may have hired them out rather than using them on his own crops—then labored among enslaved women and children in Antiguan plantations and in towns and ports like St. John's and English Harbour. Soon the sisters came to write about faith, slavery, and freedom. Anne and Elizabeth Hart were moderate opponents of slavery, not abolitionists but meliorationists. When compared to their black American, British, and West African contemporaries, the Hart sisters illuminate the birth of a black antislavery Christianity in the late eighteenth century precisely because they never became abolitionists. The Hart sisters shared with their black contemporaries a vivid sense of racial identity and evangelical Christianity. Yet as meliorationists, the Hart sisters did not oppose slavery as an institution, but rather the vice it spread into the lives of blacks. The difference between the Hart sisters and their contemporaries such as Richard Allen, Quobna Ottobah Cugoano, Olaudah Equiano, Lemuel Haynes, and John Marrant—all luminaries of black abolitionism of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries—was that the abolitionists felt themselves citizens of a modern nation-state characterized by power that could be used against slave traders and slaveholders. The Hart sisters never thought of themselves as citizens and abjured political means, including revolution, of ending slavery. This essay aims to describe the Hart sisters' faith and antislavery activity and to analyze the difference between meliorationism and abolitionism in terms of a black writer's ability or inability to identify as a citizen of a modern nation-state.
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Smith, Charla. "‘Do You Think I Can Kill You?’ Exploring Intimate Femicide in South Africa and Why Intimacy Hurts So Much". Feminist Encounters: A Journal of Critical Studies in Culture and Politics 8, n.º 1 (1 de março de 2024): 07. http://dx.doi.org/10.20897/femenc/14217.
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This article draws on two South African books published recently dealing with violence against women, namely Nechama Brodie’s <i>Femicide in South Africa</i> (2020), and Kopano Ratele’s <i>Why Men Hurt Women and Other Reflections on Love, Violence and Masculinity</i> (2022). Both authors explore strategies for the prevention of violence against women and this article supplements their strategies with an idea put forth by Hannah Arendt in <i>The Life of the Mind</i> (1978). The article argues that intimate femicide persists in South Africa, to an extent as a result of the construction of a certain type of ‘hard’, ‘patriarchal’, ‘traditional’ masculinity that cannot admit its own frailty, dependence, impotence and powerlessness, and attempts to conceal its needs by becoming violent. Arendt argues that violence and power are opposites and that equating male violence with power is a lie that violence perpetuates about itself. Arendt proposes that the antidote to this false mastery and control is the activity of thinking, as distinguished from knowing. The article argues that the activity of thinking acts as a brake on the fantasy of masculine mastery and control and can perhaps minimise violence.
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Wolf, Stacy. "All about Eve: Apple Island and the Fictions of Lesbian Community". New Theatre Quarterly 10, n.º 37 (fevereiro de 1994): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x00000063.
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We continue our occasional series on the actuality and the ideology of lesbian performance with a study of Apple Island, a performance space in Madison, Wisconsin. Many of the productions of this ‘women's cultural and art space’ could, suggests Stacy Wolf, be categorized as performance art: she looks at these in the context of other modes and definitions of cultural production, and at the ‘complex interplay of identity and knowledge’ which constructs Apple Island's potential spectators. Looking at both positive negative critiques of its work, she concludes that the activity through which its refusal of political and performative divisions is best exemplified is the weekly class-cumperformance of country western line dancing, and suggests through folkloric analogy how this helps to define or redefine the meaning of cultural feminism. Stacy Wolf is a doctoral candidate in Theatre and Drama and a lecturer in Women's Studies at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. She has also published articles in Theatre Studies, Women and Performance, and the Journal of Dramatic Theory and Criticism.
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K., Kowshigan, e Dr K. Sindhu. "Exploring Social disability in Perumal Murugan’s One Part Woman". International Journal of English Language, Education and Literature Studies (IJEEL) 3, n.º 3 (2024): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeel.3.3.9.
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Feminists generally view One Part Woman by Perumal Murugan as a critical examination of the patriarchal and caste-based pressures on women’s reproductive roles.The novel portrays the intense societal expectations and stigma faced by childless women, highlighting how their worth is often reduced to their ability to bear children. The rituals allowing Ponna to conceive with a stranger further underscores the lack of agency women possess over their own bodies. The book is seen as a powerful critique of how deeply entrenched patriarchal norms impact women’s lives and choices. Disability Studies is an interdisciplinary academic field that examines disability as a social, cultural and political phenomenon, rather than just a medical or individual issue. It aims to shift the perspective on disability from a focus on limitations and medical diagnoses to understand the societal structures, attitudes and barriers that create or exacerbate disability. Disability studies also examines the meaning, nature, and consequence of disability. Disability Studies in literature explores how disabilities are represented, experienced and interpreted in literary works. It examines how authors depict characters with disabilities, the societal attitudes and perceptions towards disability and the impact of disability on identity, culture and society. The term disability covers all impairments, activity limitations and participant restrictions that affect either organs as body parts of a person life.
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Niazi, Shakila, Qudsia Shakori, Mohadeseh Ahmadi, Abdul Wahed Zargoon, Rama Shankar Rath e Ranjit Sah. "Knowledge, attitude and practice of antenatal exercise (ANEx) among married women in Afghanistan: A cross-sectional study". Razi International Medical Journal 3, n.º 2 (29 de novembro de 2023): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.56101/rimj.v3i2.126.
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Background: Antenatal physical activity is an important physical, mental, and biochemical factor to consider. Several studies across the world have demonstrated the importance of physical activity during the antenatal period. Various factors are associated with knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to Antenatal PA. This study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to Antenatal PA among married women in Afghanistan.
Methods: This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Herat province. In total, 316 married women age group–16-60 were included in this study. Participants were asked about their knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding Antenatal exercise (ANEx).
Results: More than half (56.3%) of the participants were between 16-30 years old. Two-thirds of the participants lived in urban areas, and one-sixth of the participants were illiterate (57.9%). Less than one-third of the participants had heard of antenatal exercises (32.0%). Approximately 72% of the participants had poor knowledge, 90% had poor attitudes, and only 4% practiced antenatal exercises. Higher education, residence in urban areas, and higher monthly family income were important predictors of knowledge regarding ANEx. Similarly, a greater number of children and higher education levels are determinants of ANEx practice.
Conclusion: Poor knowledge, attitudes, and practices remained the main barriers to ANEx. In the current situation of political instability and a lack of healthcare facilities, community workers can only be a way to address this issue.
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Kril, Kateryna. "A UKRAINIAN WOMAN NATALIA KOBRYNSKA AND PROMINENT PEOPLE OF POLAND". Polish Studies of Kyiv, n.º 36 (2020): 203–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/psk.2020.36.203-224.
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Caring for the development of her native nation, Natalia Kobrynska (1856-1920), the Ukrainian writer and one of the outstanding Women’s Movement activists had direct contacts with Poland. She wrote in her “Autobiography” that in her early years she was reading originals of Polish fiction as well as socio-political pieces from her father’s private home library, including “Letters from Krakiv”, the threevolume book by J. Kremer, “Pan Tadeusz” and “Dziady” by Mickiewicz, literary works by Hofman-Tanska. She was fascinated by E. Ozheshko’s book «Kilka słów o kobietach» (“Some words about women”). Works by B. Limanovsky, the outstanding Polish activist, were of her special interest, since she knew him in person and often wrote about him to I. Franko and M. Pavlyk. Being in Switzerland, she felt appreciation on the part of the representatives of Polish diaspora and students. For quite a long time Kobrynska was linked by bonds of friendship with Vysloukh family – Boleslav and Maria – in the form of continual correspondence. She wrote a review for «Na przeboj» (“Into the Breach”), the literary work by M. Sheliha. Her story “Pani Shuminska” (“Mrs Shuminska” or “The Spirit of the Age”) was translated into Polish by Masliak and Orkan. Presented research exposes one of the aspects of Kobrynska’s activity, that is, socio-political and cultural, in the framework of the relations between Ukraine and Poland. The article is based exclusively on archive evidences which highly characterise long-term social and political activity of N. Kobrynska as well as her contribution to literature and cultural studies in terms of international ties of Ukraine and Galicia with the world-known foreign activists, particularly from Poland, in their homelands well as abroad (in Switzerland, for example). The study includes important information about Kobrynska’s epistolary legacy as a leader of Women’s Movement and initiator of ties with Slavs and other lands. Kobrynska personal writings enriches history and literature of Ukraine and Poland with indisputable facts important for literary, social and cultural criticism of both countries. The article enables us to broaden studies in terms of world contacts of Ukraine with the help of archival material.
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Chacaltana-Cortez, Sofia, Diana Mogrovejo e Reinaldo A. Moralejo. "Un imperio en movimiento: género, movilidad femenina y <i>acllas</i> en el Tahuantinsuyo (1400 - 1532 d. C.)". Antípoda. Revista de Antropología y Arqueología, n.º 55 (15 de abril de 2024): 3–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7440/antipoda55.2024.01.
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Numerous studies have explored mobility along the Qhapaq Ñan. Most of them examine how the road influenced local, regional, and imperial dynamics by fostering exchange relationships and connecting societies, people, and territories. These investigations explicitly or implicitly assume that it was male individuals who mobilized to build the Tahuantinsuyo, while women remained within the domestic unit or were confined to imperial buildings. In this study, we seek to acknowledge potential patterns of women’s mobility as part of female collectives, including those identified as acllas (chosen ones) or mamaconas (matrons) within the Tahuantinsuyo territory, through a gender perspective. We do so by drawing on five cases supported by biogenetic data and published textile analysis, as well as ethnohistorical data from Inca llacta cemeteries and capacocha ritual events (a ritual of obligation to the Inca state where infants were offered). We identified modes of movement that consider the distance traveled, the age of female individuals, and the political motives framing each activity, and which, in turn, construct identity, Finally, our analysis indicates that the visualization and analysis of individuals’ mobility experiences are associated with types of movement related to local, regional, or imperial political interests that reveal certain logics of movement that have been hidden, in this case, those of female experiences within the Tahuantinsuyo.
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Kumar, Priya, Anatoliy Gruzd e Philip Mai. "Mapping out Violence Against Women of Influence on Twitter Using the Cyber–Lifestyle Routine Activity Theory". American Behavioral Scientist 65, n.º 5 (29 de janeiro de 2021): 689–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764221989777.
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The study applies and expands the routine activity theory to examine the dynamics of online harassment and violence against women on Twitter in India. We collected 931,363 public tweets (original posts and replies) over a period of 1 month that mentioned at least one of 101 influential women in India. By undertaking both manual and automated text analysis of “hateful” tweets, we identified three broad types of violence experienced by women of influence on Twitter: dismissive insults, ethnoreligious slurs, and gendered sexual harassment. The analysis also revealed different types of individually motivated offenders: “news junkies,” “Bollywood fanatics,” and “lone-wolves”, who do not characteristically engage in direct targeted attacks against a single person. Finally, we question the effectiveness of Twitter’s form of “guardianship” against online violence against women, as we found that a year after our initial data collection in 2017, only 22% of hostile posts with explicit forms of harassment have been deleted. We conclude that in the social media age, online and offline public spheres overlap and intertwine, requiring improved regulatory approaches, policies, and moderation tools of “capable” guardianship that empower women to actively participate in public life.
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Mailes, Alana. "Singing Nuns and Soft Power: British Diplomats as Music Tourists in Seicento Venice". Religions 13, n.º 4 (6 de abril de 2022): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel13040330.
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Historians of early modern statecraft and confessional politics have traditionally treated the arts as peripheral to the more official bureaucratic concerns of government agents. Meanwhile, musicological scholarship rarely centers the experiences and exploits of politicians who participated in early modern musical events. This case study on British envoys to Venice in the early Stuart period illustrates how musical activity and political work were, in fact, thoroughly imbricated within the daily mechanics of cross-confessional ambassadorship. Drawing on seventeenth-century diplomatic sources, I detail how both English and Northern Italian politicians made strategic use of sacred music-making—particularly vocal performance in local nunneries—to influence their dealings with foreign states, as well as how English diplomats in the Italian peninsula surveilled Catholic musical devotions in their covert correspondences to communicate information about international affairs. In revealing these moments of interconnection between music, religion, and geopolitics, I seek to further recent efforts in the New Diplomatic History to highlight the contributions of women and artistic practice within histories of international relations.
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Cook, James M. "Twitter Adoption and Activity in U.S. Legislatures: A 50-State Study". American Behavioral Scientist 61, n.º 7 (junho de 2017): 724–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764217717564.
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This study draws inspiration from the literature on Twitter adoption and activity in U.S. legislatures, applying predictions from those limited studies to all 7,378 politicians serving across 50 American state legislatures in the fall of 2015. Tests of bivariate association carried out for individual states lead to widely varying results, indicating an underlying diversity of legislative environments. However, a pooled multivariate analysis for all 50 states indicates that constituents per legislator, the youth and educational attainment of a district, legislative professionalism, being a woman, sitting in the upper chamber, leadership, and legislative inexperience are significantly and positively associated with Twitter adoption and current Twitter use. Controlling for these factors, neither legislator party, nor majority status, nor partisan instability, nor district income is significantly related to either Twitter adoption or current Twitter use. Although women are more likely than men to adopt and use Twitter, the most active users narrowly tend to be men. Finally, most variation in social media adoption and activity by legislators remains unexplained, leaving considerable room for further theoretical development.
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Miodowski, Adam. "„Robotnica”, „Włościanka” i „Kobieta Sowiecka” – główne tytuły masowej sowieckiej prasy kobiecej szczebla centralnego (przed II wojną i po II wojnie światowej)". Czasopismo Naukowe Instytutu Studiów Kobiecych, n.º 1(10) (2021): 97–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/cnisk.2021.01.10.05.
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In Poland, there is a noticeable deficit of knowledge about the mass Soviet women’s press. After all, it for decades shaped the views and attitudes of millions of Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian women and other residents of the Soviet Union. Such periodicals as “Robotnica”, “Włościanka”, “Kobieta Sowiecka”, being at the central level a part of a powerful propaganda machine, facilitated the Communist Party’s ‘piecemeal’ of women’s souls in the spirit of Marxist feminism. And its promoters, such as Nadezhda Krupska, Anna Ulyanova-Yelizarova, Inessa Armand, Aleksandra Kołłontaj and many others like them, so much that less known associates of Vladimir Lenin and his successors combined political and journalistic activity. The consequence of this situation was not only the instrumentalization of the women’s press politicized by the communist party, but also the limitation of its agency.
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Woodacre, Elena. "Saints or Sinners? Sexuality, Reputation and Representation of Queens from Contemporary Sources to Modern Media". De Medio Aevo 10, n.º 2 (25 de agosto de 2021): 371–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/dmae.76266.
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This article explores allegations of sexual scandal connected with premodern royal women in Europe and China. It begins by assessing expectations of queenly ideals, particularly the emphasis given to female chastity in European and Chinese culture. This forms a foundation for an extended discussion of tales of sexual impropriety of both real and legendary queens from China in the third century BCE to eighteenth century Europe. This survey highlights three key themes: the idea of dangerous and destructive beauty, the topos of the wanton and promiscuous queen and perceptions of transgressive affairs. Finally, the article assesses the connection between the portrayal of the sexual scandal of royal women in contemporary sources with the way in which these women’s lives are represented in modern media, particularly films and television series. Ultimately, it demonstrates that allegations of sexual scandal could both be a means to attack these women (and their royal husbands) in their lifetimes and could have long lasting negative impact on the memory of their lives, resulting in their political power, agency and activity being obscured by an emphasis on their love lives and supposed affairs.
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Bar, Doron. "From a Partition to a Barrier". Israel Studies Review 38, n.º 1 (1 de março de 2023): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/isr.2023.380102.
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Abstract This article examines gender separation at Jewish holy sites in the State of Israel. From a rare and sporadic phenomenon just a few decades ago, gender serparation at sacred sites has become normative. Segregation is in part directed ‘from above’ by the State of Israel's various religious arms, which fund, organize, and oversee the practice. But it also arises ‘from below’ as a result of the activity of individuals and Haredi groups—both Ashkenazi and Mizrahi—leading to the imposition of increasingly stringent modesty demands on Jewish Israeli women. Gender separation is presented as a religious obligation, and state authorities accept this extreme interpretation as if it represented a monolithic, unchanging religious position.
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Al-Baldawy, Adel Neama, Huda Dhaher Al-Marsomy e Inas Ismail Kahleel. "The Correlation Between Toll-Like Receptor-5 Gene Polymorphism with Serum Level of Toll–Like Receptor-5 and Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-12 Response to Toxoplasma Gondii in Pregnant Women". Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, n.º 7 (30 de julho de 2022): 367–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22167367.
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Background: Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that can cause variable clinical symptoms or can even be asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals. The parasite is known to cause congenital diseases, ocular, and miscarriage in pregnant women. Primary infections are dangerous in pregnant women, that occurring usually asymptomatically, especially in the first trimester. Different rates of pregnant women are infected with Toxoplasma gondii in different countries. Primary infections in pregnant women result in transmission of Toxoplasma. gondii through the placenta to the fetus and then in congenital infections, and it is not the only reason for miscarriage, the activity of Toll -like receptors in defense against Toxoplasma gondii infections was observed such as Toll-like receptor5 molecule, and some cytokines (such as IL-6, and IL-12 ), maybe lead to abortion. Several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) residing in genes encoding these receptors were reported as significant genetic modifications of Toll- like receptors and correlated with miscarriage. Objectives : Study the correlation of TLR-5 gene polymorphism in pregnant women infected with toxoplasmosis, and study association of TLR-5 polymorphisms with the serum level of TLR-5 and cytokines (IL-6, IL-12) in pregnant women infected with toxoplasmosis. Methods: The present Case-control study was conducted on 100 women, of which fifty pregnant women seropositive (IgG, IgM) for Toxoplasma gondii (Group1), fifty pregnant women seronegative (IgG, IgM) for Toxoplasma gondii (Group2), as a control group, collected in the period from January 2021 to December 2021.
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Naeim, Arash, Ryan Baxter-King, Neil Wenger, Annette L. Stanton, Karen Sepucha e Lynn Vavreck. "Effects of Age, Gender, Health Status, and Political Party on COVID-19–Related Concerns and Prevention Behaviors: Results of a Large, Longitudinal Cross-sectional Survey". JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 7, n.º 4 (28 de abril de 2021): e24277. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/24277.
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Background With conflicting information about COVID-19, the general public may be uncertain about how to proceed in terms of precautionary behavior and decisions about whether to return to activity. Objective The aim of this study is to determine the factors associated with COVID-19–related concerns, precautionary behaviors, and willingness to return to activity. Methods National survey data were obtained from the Democracy Fund + UCLA Nationscape Project, an ongoing cross-sectional weekly survey. The sample was provided by Lucid, a web-based market research platform. Three outcomes were evaluated: (1) COVID-19–related concerns, (2) precautionary behaviors, and (3) willingness to return to activity. Key independent variables included age, gender, race or ethnicity, education, household income, political party support, religion, news consumption, number of medication prescriptions, perceived COVID-19 status, and timing of peak COVID-19 infections by state. Results The data included 125,508 responses from web-based surveys conducted over 20 consecutive weeks during the COVID-19 pandemic (comprising approximately 6250 adults per week), between March 19 and August 5, 2020, approved by the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Institutional Review Board for analysis. A substantial number of participants were not willing to return to activity even after the restrictions were lifted. Weighted multivariate logistic regressions indicated the following groups had different outcomes (all P<.001): individuals aged ≥65 years (COVID-19–related concerns: OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.93-2.18; precautionary behaviors: OR 2.38, 95% CI 2.02-2.80; return to activity: OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.37-0.46 vs 18-40 years); men (COVID-19–related concerns: OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.70-0.75; precautionary behaviors: OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.67-0.81; return to activity: OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.88-2.12 vs women); taking ≥4 medications (COVID-19–related concerns: OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.40-1.54; precautionary behaviors: OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.20-1.555; return to activity: OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.69-0.81 vs <3 medications); Republicans (COVID-19–related concerns: OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.38-0.42; precautionary behaviors: OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.40-0.50; return to activity: OR 2.22, 95% CI 2.09-2.36 vs Democrats); and adults who reported having COVID-19 (COVID-19–related concerns: OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.12-1.39; precautionary behaviors: OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.52-0.81; return to activity: OR 3.99, 95% CI 3.48-4.58 vs those who did not). Conclusions Participants’ age, party affiliation, and perceived COVID-19 status were strongly associated with their COVID-19–related concerns, precautionary behaviors, and willingness to return to activity. Future studies need to develop and test targeted messaging approaches and consider political partisanship to encourage preventative behaviors and willingness to return to activities.
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Machynska, Nataliya, e Yevheniya Khlanta. "The history of women’s education in Galicia: famous personalities". Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Pedagogics, n.º 39 (2023): 138–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vpe.2023.39.12041.
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The role of women in education is important and multifaceted. Women represent the majority of teachers, lecturers and professors in schools, higher education institutions and other educational establishments. They also have a key role in raising and educating children at home. The education of women has a positive impact on the development of the society and culture. Educated women tend to be more active citizens, participating in the political processes, cultural life, and community development. Furthermore, they are more responsible mothers, providing their children with proper education. In the context of the historical development of Galicia and Ukraine, this research contributes to a better understanding of the role of women in the development of the society, the education system, and the women’s movement in the early twentieth century. Historical studies on the activity of various women’s institutions in Ukraine became a valuable source for our research. Among the authors of these studies, the names of V. Aleksandrovych, H. Aleksandrovsky, N. Zhebylev, M. Zakharchenko and others should be noted. In the vast majority of cases, this group of authors had a certain degree of subjectivity in the interpretation of events in their essays. This phenomenon is explained primarily by the fact that they were, as a rule, teachers of the same institutions they were writing about. Among modern academic studies, it is worth noting the works of M. Polishchuk and her dissertation thesis «Primary and secondary education in the Right-Bank Ukraine in the 60–70s of the 19th century», L. Prymenko, author of «Issues of the women’s education in national education systems of Ukraine and France (18th – the first quarter of the 20th century)», T. Sukhenko, author of the study «Secondary women’s education in Ukraine», and T. Yakovyshyna, who researched «The organization of pedagogical interaction in women’s secondary institutions in Volyn as a condition for the social formation of women in the second half of the 19th – at the beginning of the 20th century». Keywords: Maria-Ivanna Hrushevska, Kateryna Hrushevska, Nataliia Kobrynska, Olena Stepaniv, Oksana Sukhoverkha, contributions to education, the women’s movement, culture.
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Maqbool, Saadia, Iram Manzoor, Tayyaba Farman, Tayyaba Arshad, Zaib Fatima e Usama Arshad. "Impact of COVID-19 on mental health of pregnant women in Punjab, Pakistan". Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, n.º 10 (30 de outubro de 2022): 166–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610166.
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Background: Maternal depression and anxiety can predispose the women to higher risk of complications. The COVID-19 pandemic is a unique stressor which may affect the mental and psychological well-being of pregnant women. Aim: To determine prevalence of depression and anxiety and related factors in pregnant women during COVID-19. Methods: This multicenter analytical cross-sectional study was carried out from August 2021 to December 2021 in six cities of Pakistan. Two stage sampling technique was used to include sample of 400 pregnant women. Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Corona virus Anxiety Scale (CAS) were used to measure depression and anxiety level along with self-constructed questionnaire to record socio-demographic profile. Data entry and analysis was done in SPSS version 23. Association between variables was assessed by applying Chi square test and strength of association was measured by binary logistic regression. p-value ≤ 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: Mean age of participants was 27.25±5.22 years. The mean gestational age was 23.5±9.6 weeks. About 37.1% had mild depression. Moderate depression was found in 7.8% and moderately severe depression in 0.5% participants. Significant association was found between depression and no physical activity (p value=0.02), not having spouse support (p value=0.03), perceived vulnerability to get COVID (p value=0.004) and fear of infection to baby (p value=0.05). Only 3.25% participants had dysfunctional anxiety. Conclusion: Findings of the study would be helpful for policy makers to launch health awareness campaigns about regular physical activity, role of social support and seeking medical advice for mental well-being during pregnancy. Keywords: COVID-19, Anxiety, Depression, Mental health, Pregnancy
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Bolshakov, Vladimir A. "Some reflections on the sacral role of Egyptian royal women of the New Kingdom". Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, n.º 6 (2022): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080023391-7.
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The paper deals with a controversial question concerning the character of the sacral role of the royal women in the context of the concept of divine queenship. As the queenship is seen in modern Egyptology as an essential constitutive element of the ideology of kingship, the sacral role of the royal women is frequently determined as similar or even parallel to that of the king. In particular, the sacral scenes with the images of the royal women performing the rites in pair with a king or alone are sometimes considered as an illustration to this interpretation. As the author of the present paper suggests, this approach needs a reеvaluation, which should be based on a careful examination of all surviving scenes depicting a cultic activity of the royal women. Among other issues the author touches, as well, the problem of the sacral role played by Nefertiti whose official position differs considerably of that of other royal women. A preliminary study of figurative and epigraphical sources, especially of the offering scenes with representations of the royal women, allowed the author to assume that in the majority of cases they played an auxiliary and secondary role. Indeed, since the Ramesside period the most widespread iconography of a royal woman is her representation shaking the sistrum/sistra – an auxiliary action in the divine cult. Thus, the thesis about the great king’s wife (or the king’s mother)’ role as a counterpart of the king in his cultic functions should be revised, if not rejected.
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Makaradze, Emzar. "The Role of Women in the Educational System of Turkey after WWII". Balkanistic Forum 30, n.º 1 (5 de janeiro de 2021): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v30i1.14.
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The study of women's issues, the feminist movement, as an academic discipline, and the first curriculum were established in the University of San Diego in 1970. The women’s problems have been mainly studied in the framework of traditional social and humani-tarian disciplines, mostly in literature, philosophy and psychology.The active dissemination of feminist ideas in Turkey after World War II, espe-cially in the late 1970s, and the creation of various feminist societies and journals provided a solid foundation for the establishment of research centers in universities, that study women's issues.There are two directions in the study of women's issues in Turkish universities and academic circles. The first one includes research centers that bring together rep-resentatives of various disciplines and fields of science. They deal with gender, the economic and social status of women, education and health. The second approach combines all those trends that are associated with the social faculty.The level of female activity in Turkey is much lower than in Europe. The status of a woman here is also characterized by its specific development.In the 1980s and 1990s, the feminist movement in Turkey became more and more active. New women's communities, magazines, newspapers, libraries were creat-ed, and women's conferences with an active participation of Turkish women were held both in Turkey and all around the world.It can be concluded that the women's movement in the higher and academic sys-tem of Turkey after World War II led to a new political process that raised the issue of gender equality. The struggle of women for emancipation played an important role in the formation of Turkish society.Despite some achievements regarding women's issues, there is still gender ine-quality, violation of women's rights in Turkish society, what indicates the fact that the women’s problems are still relevant in republican Turkey.
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Kruger, H. Salome, Thandi Puoane, Marjanne Senekal e M.-Theresa van der Merwe. "Obesity in South Africa: challenges for government and health professionals". Public Health Nutrition 8, n.º 5 (agosto de 2005): 491–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2005785.
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AbstractObjectivesTo review data on the prevalence, causes and health consequences of obesity in South Africa and propose interventions to prevent and treat obesity and related outcomes.MethodsData from existing literature were reviewed with an emphasis on changing eating and activity patterns, cultural factors, perceptions and beliefs, urbanisation and globalisation. Results of studies on the health consequences of obesity in South Africans are also reviewed.ResultsShifts in dietary intakes and activity patterns to higher fat intakes and lower physical activity are contributing to a higher prevalence of obesity. Few overweight black women view themselves as overweight, and some associate thinness with HIV/AIDS. Glucose and lipid toxicity, associated with insulin resistance, play roles in the pathogenesis of the co-morbid diseases of obesity. Elevated free fatty acids in the black population predispose obese black patients to type 2 diabetes.Conclusion and recommendationsObesity prevention and treatment should be based on education, behaviour change, political support, intersectoral collaboration and community participation, local actions, wide inclusion of the population, adequately resourced programmes, infiltration of existing initiatives, evidence-based planning, and proper monitoring and evaluation. Interventions should have the following components: reasonable weight goals, healthful eating, physical activity and behavioural change. Genes and mutations affecting susceptibility to the development of co-morbidities of obesity and vulnerable periods of life for the development of obesity should be prioritised. Prevention should be managed in community services, identification of high-risk patients in primary healthcare services and treatment of co-morbid diseases in hospital services.
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Karcher, Katharina. "Book review: Paige Whaley Eager, From Freedom Fighters to Terrorists: Women and Political Violence. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2008. 248 pp. ISBN: 9780754672258, £55.00 (hbk) Margaret Gonzalez-Perez, Women and Terrorism: Female Activity in Domestic and International Terror Groups. New York: Routledge, 2008. 176 pp. ISBN: 9780415464673, $140.00 (hbk)". European Journal of Cultural Studies 13, n.º 2 (13 de abril de 2010): 263–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367549409352956.
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Ali, Imtiyaz, Ram B. Bhagat, Geetika Shankar e Raj Kumar Verma. "Morbidity differential among emigrants’ and non-emigrants’ wives in Kerala, India". International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 13, n.º 3 (11 de setembro de 2017): 346–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-02-2015-0006.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the overall morbidity prevalence and their differentials among emigrants’ and non-emigrants’ wives in Kerala, India. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on the third round of The Kerala Migration Survey-2007 data. The third round of KMS was perhaps the first survey which has collected data on Indian emigration and morbidity scenario during 2007 at the household and individual level. Descriptive statistics, binary logistic regression models, and Oaxaca decomposition models were used to examine the disease differentials among emigrants’ and non-emigrants’ wives. Findings The paper shows that household size is negatively associated with chronic disease and incidence of morbidity is much lower among emigrants’ wives. The result also shows that among women, those who stay with a husband or whose husbands are elsewhere in India show a higher incidence of morbidity than those whose husbands are abroad, owing to the limited scope of activity as well as freedom in lifestyle and for taking independent decisions. Thus, it can be concluded that for women, the scope of activity and the freedom to live are important factors contributing to the level of morbidity. Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition results show that non-poor households and non-Muslim religion are in a disadvantageous position in terms of chronic morbidity. Research limitations/implications This paper is based on the cross-sectional nature of data; this is an obvious limitation on the effect of emigration on morbidity differentials among emigrants’ and non-emigrants’ wives. Originality/value There are few or rare studies conducted so far to investigate the effect of migration on the health of the spouses or families left behind.
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ЯРУЧИК, Віктор, e Світлана СВІРЖЕВСЬКА. "Особливості фемінізму в українській літературі кінця XIX – початку XX століття". Studia Ucrainica Varsoviensia, n.º 10 (13 de dezembro de 2022): 229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/2299-7237suv.10.15.
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The article deals with the topic of feminism in Ukr ainian literature in the period of the frontier. This is one of the leading themes of Ukrainian literature. For women the XIX century was a turning point. At first they manifested themselves in literary activity, later – in the fields of science, art, social, economic, political life of society. For the first time in U krainian literature Olga Kobylyanska raises the topic of emancipation of women from middle social strata. The issue of the women’s movement as a social phenomenon has attracted and continues to attract attention of many researchers. In Ukraine, as in other European countries, it became widespread in the second half of the XIX century. The initiators of the women’s movement advocated the need to give women equal rights with men in professional, social and political life.
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Boldyreva, Irina. "Aldhelm’s De Virginitate and Anglo-Saxon Nuns at the Turn of the 7th – 8th Centuries". Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, n.º 4 (agosto de 2021): 28–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2021.4.3.
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Introduction. The publication focuses on the prose treatise De virginitate, composed by Anglo-Saxon Church author Aldhelm at the turn of the 7th – 8th centuries. The work was written for the nuns of the double monastery of Barking and its abbess Hildelith. The treatise has not received proper attention in domestic historiography. The purpose of this article is to study De virginitate in the context of associated with double monasteries social, cultural, and historical realities of Aldhelm’s day Britain. Methods and materials. The study is based on textual, historical, and cultural methods. The treatises of individual Church Fathers and a wide corpus of narrative testimonies, provided by Anglo-Saxon Church writers, have been used. Analysis. It is shown that in his epistle to the nuns of Barking Aldhelm not only derived from the previous tradition of praising virginity, but produced original writing that has preserved unique features of the environment in which he and his dedicatees moved. Among these features the following are emphasized: the presence of a large number of formerly married noblewomen in Anglo-Saxon double monasteries, the use of luxury, the wide spread of epistolary contacts in the clerical circles, the high level of aristocratic nuns’ education, and a large share of intellectual activity in their daily life. Results. Rhetorical, conceptual, and structural peculiarities of Aldhelm’s treatise prove that he belonged to the part of Anglo-Saxon clergy that did not debate the high position of noble women in the Church. Aldhelm’s praise of the Barking nuns’ virginity and learning, as well as the examples of cooperation and spiritual amity between the sexes among early Christian saints, can be considered manifestations of support for double monasteries as Church institution, spread in his days.
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Aitov, S. S. "Comprehension of Human Existence by Philosophical Anthropology in the Theoretical Space of Modern Historical-Anthropological Concepts". Anthropological Measurements of Philosophical Research, n.º 22 (28 de dezembro de 2022): 112–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/ampr.v0i22.271357.
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Purpose. The paper seeks to prove the thesis of the significance and importance of the theories and methodological approaches of historical anthropology, which are aimed at understanding the meanings, essence and value systems of human existence in the past for philosophical anthropology. The study of this problem is relevant for understanding the evolution of human identity with philosophical and anthropological concepts, understanding the essence of one’s own existence and attitude to the world. Theoretical basis. The author conducts research in the analysis of the reflexive field of philosophical anthropology and related disciplines, in particular historical anthropology, implemented in the philosophical literature of recent centuries, that is, in the space of non-classical and modern philosophical thought. Originality. I raise and substantiate the theoretical question of the scientific significance of the analysis of human existence in the past thanks to the involvement of theoretical approaches and concepts formed in the reflexive field of modern historical and anthropological research. This forms the prerequisites for understanding complex and interdisciplinary explorations of the essence and cultural and spiritual values of human existence. I analyse the problems of the work in the context of the concept of the incompleteness of the project of philosophical anthropology without its involvement in the theoretical achievements of historical-anthropological investigations. Conclusions. In my opinion, modern historical and anthropological studies of the essence and meanings of being a person of the past form an extensive theoretical system. It is realized through such theoretical aspects of comprehension of human existence by historical and anthropological studies as "history of mentalities", "microhistory", "history of women", "new cultural history", "history of identity", "history of memory", history of mental aspects of political processes. Methodological approaches and concepts of modern historical anthropology form the basis of mental reconstruction and understanding of the mental and cultural causes and factors of human existence, thanks to the analysis of the evolution of the worldview, behaviour, outlook, various forms of individual and social activity of the individual.
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Ravandi-Fadai, Lana M. "Shadows in the Garden: Women Agents Underground and Communist Activism in Mid-20th Century Iran Part II". Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, n.º 3 (2023): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080025674-8.
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The second part of this article on the clandestine activities of Iranian female communists explores the case of Zuleykha Asadi, a young woman who earned a medical degree in Moscow just before the start of the Second World War. Her story can be told with unusual immediacy thanks to the preservation of her correspondence in the Russian State Archive of Social and Political History, published here for the first time. Zuleykha’s father’s letters to her in Moscow chart the difficulties and decisions his daughter faced and are suffused with a parent’s anxious concern for his daughter and a deep belief in the Soviet Union and its mission. Upon returning to Iran, ostensibly to practice medicine, Zuleykha also acted as a Soviet operative, keeping her handlers in Moscow apprised of her activities in letters that are a striking mix of ciphered intelligence reporting and emotional frankness about her personal life and experiences, such as her feelings for her newborn daughter and absent husband. She gathered intelligence about the wartime mood, conditions and activity of Nazi agents in the country, liaised with Iranian communists, and planned to set up a safe house. Within two years, for reasons unstated, Moscow decided to cut her loose. The case file of this idealistic young woman is emblematic of the magnetic pull of Communist ideals for many in the working class of Iran in the first half of the 20th Century.
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Anayban, Zoya. "Women’s public societies in сontemporary Khakassia". Woman in Russian Society, n.º 1 (25 de abril de 2021): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21064/winrs.2021.1.3.
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This article is devoted to studying the сontemporary women’s unions history of formation as well as functioning in a single region of the Russian Federation — the Republic of Khakassia. At the same time, special attention is devoted to those whose activities in the sociopolitical and cultural life of the Republic, from our point of view, are currently most noticeable. The analysis of women’s public organizations activities in this region has shown that the women’s movement in Post-Soviet Khakassia over the past quarter of a century, despite all the difficulties of formation and development, can be characterized as a significant phenomenon in the life of the Republic. Today the vast majority of them, like before, have obvious social and humanitarian orientation. Despite the fact that almost all women’s societies currently operating in the territory of this region have their own political slogans, their main activity is still limited to helping the needy and socially vulnerable. However, the lack of efficiency and effectiveness of women’s associations is largely due to their lack of integrity and lack of unanimity of actions. In addition, the level of involvement of the Republic’s residents in women’s movements and their socio-professional composition leaves much to be desired. According to our research, the vast majority of women, mainly residents of rural areas, unfortunately, do not take any part in the social life of the region. The empirical base of the study is built upon official statistics obtained from the Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of National and Territorial Policy of the Republic of Khakassia, as well as materials stored in the archives of local women’s organizations. Besides, the results of our interviews with the leaders and most active participants of these associations have been particularly valuable.
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Kitsenko, Olga, e Roman Kitsenko. "First Female Doctors in the Zemstvo Service of the Saratov Province (Late 19th – Early 20th Centuries)". Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, n.º 2 (abril de 2023): 102–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.2.9.
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Introduction. The gender aspects of modern medicine determine the research interest in the activities of the first female doctors in Russia. In contrast to private practice, the work of doctors in the zemstvo played an important social role. Therefore, the object of this study is the activities of the first female doctors in the service of the Saratov zemstvo. Methods and materials. The source base of the study was the materials of the zemstvo periodicals and office-work documentation (journals of zemstvo meetings, reports of councils, protocols of medical congresses). The historical-systemic method made it possible to consider the professional activities of the first female doctors of the Saratov zemstvo in the context of the formation of the system of women’s medical education in the Russian Empire. With the help of the historical-comparative method, the general features of the professional activity of V.I. Bukhovtseva, A.I. Sukhodeeva, and E.A. Kharizomenova were defined. Analysis and results. The authors established the first female doctors appeared in the service of the Saratov zemstvo at the turn of the 1880–1890s. The entry of women into the zemstvo service was hampered by restrictions on the independent medical practice, the termination of medical courses in 1887, and hard working conditions in the Russian provinces. However, the activities of V.I. Bukhovtseva, A.I. Sukhodeeva and E.A. Kharizomenova at the Saratov zemstvo demonstrated the organizational and research abilities of the first female doctors, their awareness of the medical and social problems of the Russian hinterland, and active participation in sanitary and educational work. Restoration and development of higher medical education for women at the turn of the 1890–1900s became the main factor in the increase in the number of female doctors in the zemstvo service, the expansion of their professional competencies, and the increased role in the development of the health care system. Authors’ contributions. The study of zemstvo office documentation and periodicals containing information about the activities of the first female doctors in the Saratov province was carried out by Candidate of Historical Sciences, associate professor O.S. Kitsenko. Information about the number and place of service of female doctors in the Russian medical lists of 1883–1916 analyzed by the Candidate of Philosophical Sciences, associate professor R.N. Kitsenko.
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HOWE, DANIEL WALKER. "TWO APPROACHES TO AMERICAN THEOLOGY". Modern Intellectual History 1, n.º 3 (21 de outubro de 2004): 399–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244304000265.
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Mark Noll, America's God: From Jonathan Edwards to Abraham Lincoln (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002)Brooks Holifield, American Theology: Christian Thought from the Age of the Puritans to the Civil War (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2003)Intellectual history, after a generation of neglect, is suddenly getting attention again in the United States. Giving impetus to this renewal of energy are two major works on American religious thought before the Civil War: Mark Noll's America's God and Brooks Holifield's American Theology. Both are big books, over 600 pages each, and they address a big topic stretching across time and space: the grand tradition of American theology, now a lost art. They treat a time when Christian theology as an intellectual activity enjoyed considerably more prestige and cultural influence than it does today, and surely it has seldom been so innovative and diverse as in the period they treat. Both books have been written by highly respected scholars, deeply learned in the relevant primary and secondary sources. The danger in reviewing such large undertakings is that reviewers will not treat them as a whole but simply grumble that their own specialty doesn't get enough attention: the historian of gender wants more about women, the historian of science more about his subject, etc. These books deserve to be evaluated in toto. Having been conceived and written independently, even though more or less simultaneously, they demonstrate contrasting visions of how to deal with their subject. The two books typify the “external” and “internal” approaches to intellectual history respectively, illustrating for the reader strengths and limitations of the two approaches as well as their complementarity.
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Ali, Saqib. "Effect of Antiplatelet Activity of Aspirin on Chronic Kidney Disease". Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, n.º 9 (30 de setembro de 2022): 757–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22169757.
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Background and aim: Individual differences in the pharmacological responsiveness to aspirin are considerable. A higher likelihood of ischemic episodes is linked to aspirin's inadequate antiplatelet actions. It has been hypothesized that chronic kidney disease (CKD) influences the pharmacologic reaction to antiplatelet drugs. The elevated chance of fatality and cardiovascular problems in CKD sufferers has already been found to be largely explained by high on-treatment platelets response (HTPR) to clopidogrel. This research aimed to examine at how aspirin affects blood clotting in CKD sufferers. Method: We performed cross-sectional research on 120 people in Medical center of Lahore taking aspirin regularly. The thromboxane production generated by AAI was used to gauge the pharmacologic reaction to aspirin. Result: Individuals with poor kidney functioning were more likely to experience HTPR to aspirin (48% vs. 23%; odds ratio, 3.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35-7.42; P = 0.007). When compared to individuals with healthy or mildly diminished kidney performance, those with mild or serious CKD had lower pharmacokinetic responsiveness to aspirin (91; interquartile ranged [IQR], 281 ng mL-1; differential in medians, 56; CI, 6-110 ng mL-1; P = 0.012). Remaining thromboxane production and glomerular filtration rate were both associated by bivariate Pearson correlation analysis (R = 0.312; R2 = 0.093; P = 0.001). Individuals with CKD were usually old age and being women. Women and aged were not significant predictors of the connection, according to multivariate linear regression analyses (R = 0.313; R2 = 0.081; P = 0.002 and P = 0.006) respectively. Conclusion: Aspirin pharmacological reaction is associated with kidney function. Individuals who have CKD are more likely to have aspirin's antiplatelet action compromised. To evaluate the therapeutic significance of this data and look into the best antithrombotic strategy for CKD individuals, additional research is required. Keywords: Chronic kidney disease, platelets, treatment, aspirin, cardiovascular
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KIM, SO YEON. "A Study on the Economic Implication of North Korean Women’s Health Capital". Korean Association of Health and Medical Sociology 60 (31 de agosto de 2022): 65–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.37243/kahms.2022.60.65.
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After liberation, North Korea used women's labor as a means to establish a socialist state and mobilize the labor force. However, since the economic crisis in the 1990s, North Korean women have been transforming into new subjects of economic activity centering on the market in the process of maintaining their livelihood and seeking economic independence. This study aims to prove the economic value of North Korean women's health capital and provide implications for economic growth through review of existing studies and empirical analysis from the perspective of human capital theory, focusing on women who have been considered for economic growth in North Korea. As a result of analyzing the mediating effect of the female working-age population ratio on the relationship between North Korean female life expectancy and real GDP during 1970-2019, the increase in life expectancy had a significant direct effect to increase the working-age population ratio and real GDP. However, the effect of the increase in the working-age population ratio directly increased real GDP or mediated the relationship between life expectancy and real GDP was not significant. This means that the health of North Korean women is a meaningful capital that has a positive effect on economic growth, but there have been several limitations for the working-age women to have a significant economic growth effect. This suggests that active investment and support from the North Korean authorities should be made to promote women's health for future economic growth, and institutional support is needed for the economic activities of the working-age women.
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Omar, Azura, e Marilyn J. Davidson. "Women in management: a comparative cross‐cultural overview". Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal 8, n.º 3/4 (dezembro de 2001): 35–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13527600110797272.
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Wong, Janet Y. H., Agnes Tiwari, Daniel Y. T. Fong e Linda Bullock. "A Cross-Cultural Understanding of Depression Among Abused Women". Violence Against Women 22, n.º 11 (9 de julho de 2016): 1371–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801215624791.
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Amarante, Verónica, Maira Colacce e Pilar Manzi. "Aging and Productivity in Latin America". Latin American Research Review 56, n.º 4 (7 de dezembro de 2021): 844–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.25222/larr.924.
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This article considers how changes in Latin American countries’ age structures may affect their long-term economic performance through the impact on labor supply, dependency ratios, and productivity. It analyzes fourteen Latin American countries using population projections for 2015–2050 and considering three scenarios. The basic scenario assumes constant sex- and age-specific behavior concerning employment, while the other two scenarios imply increases in female activity rates and significant human capital accumulation. The results illustrate the heterogeneity of Latin American countries. In some of them, major productivity increases can only be achieved through substantial changes in the incorporation of women into the labor market, and especially in the educational level of the population as a whole. However, in most of the region’s countries, the demographic factor is still favorable and there is scope to exploit the demographic dividend.
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Vlasova, T. I., e J. V. Galytska. "Feminism as the marginal gender project of postmodernity". Науково-теоретичний альманах "Грані" 21, n.º 12 (4 de fevereiro de 2019): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/1718160.
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Liberal feminism rooted in modernity, is closely connected with emancipationist political activity in which gender equality is a long-term goal guaranteed by democracy, at the same time that goal is considered to be a «self-legitimized myth». Feminism in “postmodern conditions” faces complicated and ambiguous processes of critical debates and sharp conflicts. On the one hand, it concerns acute arguments about the nature of the contemporary feminism, on the other,- the conflict between the theory of feminism and gender research, which lately has become evident. This mainly reflects disputes concerning sharp actualization of the relations between feminism and gender studies with obvious actualization of the “queer”-theories and corresponding discourses, which expands their impact on cultural and social discursive practices with visible appreciation by gender studies. It is necessary to stress, that “queer”-movements have never been simply movements for emancipation and civil rights. For feminism the latter means that the first phase (not “wave”) of feminism has been completed. Opposition to feminism is not new. However, the claim that we are now in a post-feminism epoch is challenged. Feminism is effective in many countries of the contemporary world. The next phase will be developed in the context of the transformations of gender relations. At the same time, nowadays women`s interests as always occupy constant positions in the gender agenda. Moreover, feminist projects are very important for the transformations of the gender regimes and forms. Feminism can change not only the nature of the gender regime but the nature of the “late capitalism” as well: labour regimes, labour time regulations, elimination of violence both in private and public spheres etc. All these factors concern capitalism and gender regimes simultaneously. If democratic processes enhance, the feminist projects will be able to influence both the form of capitalism and the form of gender regimes.In this context such fundamental questions as whether the transgender epoch proclaims the end of gender in its traditional meaning and how all that influences the theories of feminism and gender should be answered. In the whole the «sexuality approach» provides an opportunity to consider the fundamental problems arising from our indefinite responses to the messages of the discourses and discourse practices in the world. However it is proved that the fact of the power component in the distribution of the gender roles is not less valid nowadays, and gender as a theory cannot be represented without an analysis of the corresponding power systems. Thus, if feminism is not the struggle for the equality of women, then it is a method for the scientific analysis. The idea of the non-importance of feminism now is crossed with the questions about the false importance of gender categories provided we live in the culture of the «liquid gender» where stable gender has become non-obligatory and arbitrary. It is also important that the intention to overthrow the «tyranny of the normal» is obvious both in the theory and practices of postmodernism.
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Russo, Stephen A., e John E. Lewis. "The cross-cultural applications of the KAIT: Case studies with three differentially acculturated women." Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology 5, n.º 1 (1999): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1099-9809.5.1.76.
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Chhabra, Meenakshi, Lisa B. Fiore e Sonia Pérez-Villanueva. "Violence Against Women: Representations, Interpretations, and Education". Violence Against Women 26, n.º 14 (29 de julho de 2020): 1743–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801220942848.
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Cultural representations of violence against women have been mystified, eroticized, and depicted as heroic, camouflaging, and trivializing acts of violence as a societal norm for thousands of years. This themed issue invites people to re/claim identities and power, and enter into a global cultural discourse connected with cross-disciplinary channels and creative work.