Artigos de revistas: "Women Legal status"

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김난옥. "Legal Status of Women during Late Koryŏ". Korean Classical Woman Literature Studies ll, n.º 19 (dezembro de 2009): 35–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17090/kcwls.2009..19.35.

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Florea, Dumitrita. "The Legal Status of Women in Islam". Logos Universality Mentality Education Novelty: Law 10, n.º 2 (10 de janeiro de 2023): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumenlaw/10.2/75.

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The gender difference fueled throughout our history as a species a series of inequalities that were transposed into society in the form of a hierarchical system in which political, economic and religious power was under the auspices of male gender representatives, and social and family relationships were outlined around the concept of subjugation of women, the so-called „patriarchal society” in which roles in society were clearly defined, and deviations from archaic norms were sanctioned with public opprobrium. The role of women in society is a topic that has been intensely debated in the last century, especially in the West, where the cultural model of the obedient housewife has been supplanted by the feminist view that men and women are intellectually and spiritually equal. and are in equal positions in society, and the archaic roles are no longer admissible in a context where a unitary evolution of society is desired, an evolution that cannot be achieved by maintaining a discriminatory system, inconsistent with the fundamental principles of human rights. On the other hand, in certain areas of the East, archaic social and family models dominated by men are still preserved. The issue of women's rights in Islamic society is a current topic, the Islamic feminist movement catching echoes in most Muslim states, but also in the West, where equality activists have brought to the attention of international public opinion the situation of respect for women's rights.

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Shehadeh, Lamia Rustum. "The Legal Status of Married Women in Lebanon". International Journal of Middle East Studies 30, n.º 4 (novembro de 1998): 501–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800052533.

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Law plays a vital role in establishing not only regulations but actual thoughts and behavior in defining what is acceptable by society and what is to be considered natural or unnatural. Thus, as the laws dealt with here become symbols of what society believes to be natural or unnatural, they assume far more serious implications than their strictly legal context; hence, the significance of this study. The law is the arena where different views or philosophies are contested. Thus, Rosemary Coombe maintains that “law concludes or limits everyday struggles, authoritatively determines the qualities of individuals or groups, the social identities which people can lay claim to, and the ways in which personhood and experiences of self can be legitimately represented.” Furthermore, by legitimizing certain conceptions of the self, the law by default suppresses alternative conceptions.

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McGlynn, Clare. "Women, representation and the legal academy". Legal Studies 19, n.º 1 (março de 1999): 68–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.1999.tb00086.x.

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Successive studies have documented the institutionally marginalised status of many women academics. What remains unclear is whether such findings apply equally to women legal academics. This article begins the process of investigating the role, status and experiences of women legal academics, reporting the findings of the first survey into the representation of academic women in UK university law schools. The study presents a snapshot of the gender composition of law schools in October 1997, at all levels of seniority, together with data on the representation of women in each responding law school. It finds considerable differences between law schools, as well as an under-representation of women compared with men at senior levels. It is suggested that these patterns of the representation of women legal academics have important ramifications for legal education, the legal profession and the discipline of law itself.

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Cruz Ángeles, Jonatán. "Developing indigenous women´legal status in the inter-amerian law". Age of Human Rights Journal, n.º 19 (19 de dezembro de 2022): 23–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17561/tahrj.v19.7146.

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In this study, we begin by analysing the guiding legal principles and international standards that States must consider when developing laws, programs, and policies to protect indigenous women's human rights. Besides, we try to find out what priority issues States are trying to address. Once we establish the theoretical framework, we will review how, in practice, the Inter-American Commission and Court have examined some of the leading cases concerning the protection of the economic, social, and cultural rights of indigenous women. All this will lead us to understand the bases of indigenous women's worldview. Thus, we can propose the (de)construction of their legal status, which should suggest a necessary conquest of public spaces and conceive them as individuals, protecting their honour and recognizing their dignity.

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Booker, Sparky. "The challenge of writing histories of ‘women’: the case of women and the law in late medieval Ireland". Irish Historical Studies 46, n.º 170 (novembro de 2022): 224–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ihs.2022.42.

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AbstractCritiques of women's history based on intersectional analysis have demonstrated the importance of recognising differences between women and the perils of assuming commonality of experience based on gender. The idea that we can treat women as a group in some meaningful way is further complicated in medieval legal history by the fact that women's legal entitlements differed depending on their marital status. This paper examines women's experiences of the law in the English colony in late medieval Ireland. It argues that, despite the importance of ethnicity, social status and marital status in shaping different women's experiences of the law, gender played a significant role in their legal arguments and the ways in which juries and justices perceived them. Women's experiences at law were influenced in myriad ways by shared societal assumptions about their vulnerability and subordination to men. These assumptions influenced women regardless of the many social divisions and circumstances that made each woman unique. This study finds, therefore, that ‘women’ is a legitimate and productive category for historical research in the late medieval legal context but urges historians to interrogate more robustly why ‘women’ is an appropriate analytical category for their specific historical questions.

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Arat, Zehra. "BOOK REVIEW: THE NEW LEGAL STATUS OF WOMEN IN TURKEY WOMEN FOR WOMEN'S HUMAN RIGHTS (WWHR). New Legal Status of Women in Turkey. April 2002." Journal of Middle East Women's Studies 1, n.º 2 (abril de 2005): 148–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/mew.2005.1.2.148.

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Targamadze, Zurab. "Social and Legal Status of Women in Medieval Georgia". International Journal of Culture and History (EJournal) 3, n.º 1 (2017): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijch.2017.3.1.081.

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Eshmuradova, Nasiba Dustmuradovna. "Legal status of women in the Kyrgyz traditional society". Interactive science, n.º 3 (13) (22 de março de 2017): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-118268.

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Tripp, Aili Mari, e Magdalena K. Rwebangira. "The Legal Status of Women and Poverty in Tanzania". African Studies Review 41, n.º 1 (abril de 1998): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/524691.

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O'Connor, Sandra Day. "The Legal Status of Women: The Journey toward Equality". Journal of Law and Religion 15, n.º 1/2 (2000): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1051513.

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Hoff-Wilson, Joan. "The Unfinished Revolution: Changing Legal Status of U.S. Women". Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 13, n.º 1 (outubro de 1987): 7–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/494384.

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Gorskaya, E. Yu. "The Legal Status of a Pregnant Woman: An Intersectoral Aspect". Lex Russica 76, n.º 1 (20 de janeiro de 2023): 142–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2023.194.1.142-156.

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The paper is devoted to the analysis of family and demographic policy in the context of determining the legal status of a pregnant woman under the Russian legislation, as well as the impact of a set of social support measures on the attractiveness of having many children in family planning. The author states that the absence of an established form of a woman’s pregnancy certificate is a huge disadvantage, since the issuance of a document is a legal fact with which the law connects the emergence, modification and termination of legal relations, the basis when a woman acquires a special social and legal status of a subject with a privileged position, reflected in various branches of Russian legislation. The paper analyzes judicial practice regarding the filing of claims by men for compensation for moral damage in connection with the termination of pregnancy by women without reaching a general agreement on the issue of family planning. In the transport sector, there is no uniform practice of providing transportation services to pregnant women by airlines. Regarding the legislation on sports, the author draws attention to the fact that the hormone released in the pregnant woman’s body is deemed doping. However, restrictions on access to competitions are discrimination, so it is not uncommon for a pregnant woman to receive an Olympic gold medal being heavily pregnant. The state of pregnancy is also of legal importance for criminal legislation, since a significant number of criminal law norms take into account the special status of a pregnant woman as a characteristic of the defendant’s personality, as well as as a circumstance that gives great public danger when the victim is the expectant mother. The granting of a special privileged status to a pregnant woman is also subject to consideration in housing legislation: the expectant mother should have the right to additional state support, including in terms of meeting housing needs. The author summarizes that for the Russian legislator, a pregnant woman is unconditionally a value whose rights and interests are protected as much as possible. The principle of state support for motherhood is reflected in the entire system of Russian legislation.

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Torianyk, V. O. "THE CONCEPT AND SPECIALITIES OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL STATUS OF WOMEN WHO SUFFERED AS CONSEQUENCE OF ARMED CONFLICT IN UKRAINE". Legal horizons, n.º 17 (2019): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/legalhorizons.2019.i17.p:69.

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This article explores the concept and specialties of the administrative and legal status of women who suffered as a consequence of armed conflict in Ukraine. The analysis confirms that the administrative and legal status of women, who have suffered as a result of an armed conflict, safeguards their legal position in relations to the executive bodies, promotes their rights, and ensures that their interests are protected by law when appealed to the certain administrative bodies. Women who have been affected by an armed conflict have a general administrative legal status, as do other citizens. Their legal capacity shall not be different from any other person. At the same time, their administrative capacity may be of limited or broader nature due to the acquisition of additional statuses, such as internally displaced persons (referred to as IDPs), single mothers, participants in hostilities due to the armed aggression of the Russian Federation. Administrative legal status assumes the presence of an administrative legal personality, that consists of an administrative capacity, dispositive capacity, and delictual dispositive capacity. On the basis of this analysis, the following categories of women who suffered as a consequence of armed conflict were identified: women who left the temporarily occupied areas of Donetsk and Luhansk regions and acquired IDP status; single mothers; women participating in an anti-terrorist operation to ensure national security and defense, to repel and deter the armed aggression of the Russian Federation in Donetsk and Luhansk regions; women who remained in the occupied territory. Victims of an armed conflict may acquire both general and special administrative legal status. At the same time, the acquisition of a special administrative legal status (for example, IDPs) creates certain restrictions in the implementation of certain social and suffrage rights of women who have been affected by the armed conflict. The administrative capacity of such women shall be no different from the general capacity of any other citizens, but in fact, the legal capacity of women who have been granted IDP status (right to freedom of movement, right to vote in local elections) is limited, even despite the fact that these rights and freedoms are guaranteed by the Constitution of Ukraine and other laws. Special status for persons who remain in the occupied territory also implies limitations to their legal capacities. The state has established a special system for the movement of persons and goods through the line of demarcation. Ukraine cannot guarantee the majority of constitutional rights and freedoms due to certain parts of its territories being occupied by a country-aggressor. Further research requires a distinct analysis of the issue of reintegration of the occupied territories of Ukraine. Keywords: administrative legal status, general administrative legal status, special administrative legal status, internally displaced person, administrative capacity, dispositive capacity.

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Volkova, Svetlana V., e Nataliya I. Malysheva. "The legal status of Chinese women in the Middle Ages". Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 8, n.º 4 (2017): 516–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu14.2017.412.

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KENNEDY, CHARLES H. "ISLAMIC LEGAL REFORM AND THE STATUS OF WOMEN IN PAKISTAN". Journal of Islamic Studies 2, n.º 1 (1991): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jis/2.1.45.

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Hoff-Wilson, Joan. "Women and the Constitution". News for Teachers of Political Science 46 (1985): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0197901900001811.

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Since the drafting of the federal Constitution in 1787, the legal status of women in the United States has passed through four distinct phases and is on the brink of entering a fifth one. In this two-hundred-year period, there has been more change in the last twenty years than in the previous onehundred- and-eighty. Yet, a decade and a half ago scholarly classes about women and the Constitution could not be taught because too little primary research had been conducted in either the new social history with its subfield of women or the latest version of the new legal history with its subfield of sex discrimination.Both subfields reflect the increased interest of historians and lawyers in interdisciplinary research techniques developed in this country and abroad since the 1960s.

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Chandra Deep Yadav. "Marital Rape: Legal Framework In India". Legal Research Development: An International Refereed e-Journal 1, n.º IV (30 de junho de 2017): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.53724/lrd/v1n4.03.

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Marital rape violates the right of dignity of a married woman. It breaches the trust of wife. Even then, it is not criminalized as rape in India. It raises a question, is a married woman being considered an object or the property of the husband. It also raises the question, as to does a married woman has right to save her body from the lust of her husband. No doubt the purpose of the marriage is to provide right to have sex with wife. This paper points out whether this right can be coupled with force or right to have sex is only coupled with will or consent of wife. The purpose of the marriage in point of view of right to have sex should only be providing satisfaction of biological need without any check or burden of society and law. India has been a male dominated society and it is also a fact that Indian culture gives special status to the women. Today, we talk about women empowerment. Many rights have been provided to the women in India. But in a male dominated society, would women be empowered in real sense without criminalizing marital rape. The main purpose of this paper is to find out as to whether sex without the consent of wife should be considered as rape. Doctrinal method of research will be applied in this paper.

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Savitri, Niken, e Dyan Franciska Dumaris Sitanggang. "Legal Status and Protection for Women Human Rights Defenders in Indonesia". Fiat Justisia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 16, n.º 4 (16 de novembro de 2022): 297–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.25041/fiatjustisia.v16no4.2455.

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The term Human Rights Defenders (Pembela HAM in Indonesia) stands for any people or group whose activities revolve around the defense and promotion of human rights and other basic freedoms. In the course of their work, human rights defenders often experience verbal threats, attacks and even physical acts of violence that seriously hamper their activities.Women human rights defenders are an important part of human rights activism. However, they are a vulnerable group because of their position and status as women. Being vulnerable, the bodies, sexuality and identity of women human rights defenders have been violently attacked through the exploitation of gender stereotypes biased against women. However, it is apparent that women human rights defenders in Indonesia are not adequately protected. This paper employs normative analytical descriptive research methods by looking at the specificity of women human rights defenders as a vulnerable group facing specific attacks and violence, as well as examining various norms of protection. The Government of Indonesia through the existing legal norms has an obligation to fulfil the protection of women human rights defender, considering the vulnerability of women human rights defenders.

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Kaymarazov, Gani Sh, e Leyla G. Kaymarazova. "LEGAL STATUS OF WOMEN-HIGHLANDERS IN THE END OF 1920S – FIRST HALF OF 1930S: EXPECTATIONS AND REALITY". History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus 16, n.º 4 (18 de dezembro de 2020): 982–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32653/ch164982-1001.

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The modern legal status of a Russian woman and the establishment of conditions for achieving equality between men and women have been in the focus of the state and society. In this regard, the study and generalization of the historical experience of gender regulation in Soviet Russia (1917–1991), especially in the late 1920s – early 1930s, is of undoubted scientific and practical interest, by the end of which the authorities announced the solution to the “women’s question”. The issues of the legal status of the Russian women are reflected in works of native, as well as regional and foreign experts. Modern historiographical groundwork, new sources (starting from the normative and record-keeping documents to materials of periodicals and ego-documents), the use of the principle of historicism, systematic and anthropologic approaches, comparative-historical, comparative-legal and descriptive methods allow to reveal the legal status of women-highlanders of Dagestan. The study aims to demonstrate how in the conditions of the polyethnic region the Soviet legislation of the first decades of Soviet power, making adjustments to the rights and obligations of a highland woman who was under the great influence of Islam and the historically established traditions of Dagestan society, changed its position and provided new opportunities for implementation women’s aspirations in everyday, economic, professional, political and cultural life. The paper provides estimations on some “traditional” practices of women, who were discontented with policies carried out by the Soviet power and who organized public marches. As a result of the study, the authors come to the conclusion that the Soviet authorities viewed women as their ally in socialist transformations, and the legal and economic equality of men and women, recorded in Soviet laws, created conditions for the involvement of women in all spheres of life of the Dagestan society. At the same time, during the period under review, the predominance of the traditional form of the family continued to be ensured by the strictest social control.

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Kagitçbasi, Çigdem. "Status of Women in Turkey: Cross-Cultural Perspectives". International Journal of Middle East Studies 18, n.º 4 (novembro de 1986): 485–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800030804.

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The status of women in Turkey may be examined from several perspectives. One perspective might focus on the public sphere and take into account the legal, political, and institutional reforms of hte Republican era and their reflection in the increasing literacy rates, educational attainment, political participation, labor force participation, and professionalization of women in Turkey. A second perspective might focus on the private sphere, mainly the family, and consider family dynamics and interaction patterns as well as the place of the woman in the family. This paper will adopt the second perspective. Before taking it up in detail, however, it may be helpful to consider briefly the general picture of the public sphere. This should provide us with necessary backgorund and help put our findings into context.

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Viryasari, Putu Emma, I. Nyoman Sujana e Putu Ayu Sriasih Wesna. "THE POSITION OF MULIH DAHA WOMEN IN INSTRUCTION AFTER DIVORCE IN PENARUNGAN VILLAGE, BADUNG, BALI". NOTARIIL Jurnal Kenotariatan 6, n.º 2 (7 de dezembro de 2021): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jn.6.2.2021.58-64.

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The Balinese customary law community recognizes kepurusa system; the status of boys is steady, while the status of girls changes, because women after marriage follow their husbands. On that basis, daughters in kepurusa system are never traced or taken into account in inheritance. The purpose of this study is to examine the legal status and the legal position of mulih daha woman in Penarungan Village, Mengwi, Badung, Bali. The method used in this study is an empirical method. Furthermore, this study was carried out by means of field studies, namely by conducting field observations and interviews with respondents and informants. Based on the analysis, the results of this study showed that the legal status of mulih daha woman is received through a procedure with acceptance by the family on a scale and a niskala ceremony is carried out, namely arranging piuning or notification to the ancestral gods that with a divorce from her husband, her daughter has returned to her parents and ask to be accepted back as a damuh or part of her parents' ancestral family so that she can be held accountable again one day when the woman experiences something related to banjar. The legal position of mulih daha women in inheritance is related to the kinship system adopted by the Hindu community in Bali, namely the patrilineal system (fatherhood) where only boys have the right to inherit while girls have no right to inherit but girls can only enjoy the property.

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Mason, Rebecca. "Women, Marital Status, and Law: The Marital Spectrum in Seventeenth-Century Glasgow". Journal of British Studies 58, n.º 4 (outubro de 2019): 787–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2019.86.

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AbstractEarly modern women are often categorized by historians in relation to their marital status—whether they appeared as single, married, or widowed women. These identifications reflected the effects of marriage on women's legal and social status. Focusing on the records of the burgh and commissary courts of seventeenth-century Glasgow, this article shows how Scottish women's legal status existed instead on a “marital spectrum,” including liminal phases prior to the formation of marriage as well as overlapping phases following remarriage after the death of a spouse. This spectrum situates women's legal claims in relation to their marital career, allowing for a closer reading of women's legal activities. Court clerks working in Glasgow documented women's varied marital, familial, and legal identities within the court records, a Scottish practice that can shed new light on how women negotiated the boundaries of justice in early modern courts of law.

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Stepić, Đorđe. "Pravni položaj žene u Dušanovom zakoniku sa posebnim osvrtom na vlastelinke". Vesnik pravne istorije 1, n.º 2/2020 (15 de junho de 2021): 9–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.51204/hlh_20201a.

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Dušan’s Code continues the earlier regulation of legal relations following the local legal tradition, paying a lot of attention to the legalization of social stratification: determining the legal position of different categories of the population in different ways. In addition to their social status, their sex also had a great influence on their position: through the regulation of the general position of the „poor spinner” and the procedural one of the „poor woman”, as well as through other provisions on the legal position of women. At the opposite end of the social spectrum are female members of the ruling class – the noblewomen. They are found especially in the matter of inheritance law, less so in criminal and other branches of law. In addition to the analysis of the rules that apply to them, the paper will also address the specifics of the application of other, „neutral” rules to the status of women in Dušan’s empire, as well as those concerning the „Lady Empress”, to which certain issues of public law are related. Finally, conclusions will be drawn on the legal status of (noble)women in the Serbian Empire, as well as their placement in the context of the rights of the Nemanjić Serbia.

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Arat, Zehra. "The New Legal Status of Women in Turkeyby Women for Women’s Human Rights (WWHR)". Journal of Middle East Women's Studies 1, n.º 2 (2005): 148–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15525864-2005-2008.

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Van Hook, Mary P., e Barbara N. Ngwenya. "The majority legal status of women in Southern Africa: Implications for women and families". Journal of Family and Economic Issues 17, n.º 2 (junho de 1996): 173–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02267045.

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Hassan, Amna. "The Shariah Law in Pakistani Legal System and General Legal Status of Women in Pakistan". DÍKÉ 4, n.º 1 (1 de setembro de 2020): 190–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.15170/dike.2020.04.01.13.

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Nickerson, Rebecca. "The Formidable Widow: Comparing the Representations and Life Accounts of Widows in 17th Century England." General: Brock University Undergraduate Journal of History 3 (18 de dezembro de 2018): 191–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/gbuujh.v3i0.1695.

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The status and degree of agency of widows have changed along with societal perceptions of them throughout the centuries. Widows in 17th century England were afforded greater legal rights than the average contemporary woman, and yet their status as widows made them subject to a wide degree of stereotypes within popular forms of media at the time. Studies on the lives of these women have been limited to mainly legal rights, sexuality, literature studies and case studies of their day to day experiences. This paper examines specific perceptions of widows within contemporary forms of media and compares them to case studies of the lived experiences of widows. This examination takes place in order to determine if a dichotomy between the ideas of how a widow would live and act within her status of legal power matched up with the actual lived experiences of these women.

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Marzban, Ali. "The Status of Married Women’s Nationality in the World". International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 3, n.º 2 (29 de junho de 2016): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v3i2.47.

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Within the eighteenth century a college known as "The Unity System of {Lovers} Nationality" mentioned the theory that women should find the nationality with their husbands after marriage. Additionally, the nationality of men should be enforced on women. However, in the 20th century, a movement identified as feminism surfaced which resulted in the forming of a school called known as "System of Nationality Independence". This college advocated the parting of marriage and nationality and assumed that women's nationality should not change following marriage. These legal schools experienced different manifestations in the positive laws and regulations of different countries and it is sometimes hard to classify them into an individual legal college. The legal systems of countries can be categorized into two communities: legal systems advocating the imposition of husbands' nationality on wives; legal systems opposing the imposition of husbands' nationality on wives. This paper tries to comprise different systems of relationship between marriage and nationality.

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Noreen, Naveeda, e Prof Dr Razia Musarrat. "Protection of women rights through legal reforms in Pakistan". Journal of Public Administration and Governance 3, n.º 4 (31 de dezembro de 2013): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v3i4.5059.

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This paper presents the status of women rights in Pakistan and protection of these rights under the umbrella of legal reforms. After independence the women of Pakistan played an active role in nation building activities as well for their own social uplift. International organizations played special attention towards the issue of women empowerment During Ayub Era Muslim Family Law Ordinance 1961 was promulgated which is regarded as a first step forward for the protection of women rights. During Zia regime discriminatory laws were introduced which disturbed the equilibrium between male and female in the society. These laws put a negative impact on the status of women. Women organizations protested against Hudood Laws and demanded to repeal it. During the period of Musharruf new laws were introduced for the protection of women rights(women Protection Act 2006),it is regarded as golden era in context of legislation made for women empowerment .The process of legal reforms is in progression .The women are still subjugated to many criminal acts like harassment at work place ,attempted rape and acid throwing. There is a need of devising effective implementation mechanism in true letter and spirit for the safeguard of women rights.

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Wolf, Leslie E., Bernard Lo e Lawrence O. Gostin. "Legal Barriers to Implementing Recommendations for Universal, Routine Prenatal HIV Testing". Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 32, n.º 1 (2004): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2004.tb00459.x.

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Administraation of antiretroviral therapy to women during pregnancy, labor and delivery, and to infants postnatally can dramatidy reduce mother-to- child HIV transmission (MTCT). However, pregnant women need to know that they are HIV-infected to take advantage of antiretroviral therapy, and many women do not know their HIV status. One-half of HIV-infected infants in the United States were bornto women who had not been tested for HIV or for whom the time of testing was not known. Although fewer than 400infants are infected perinatally in the United States each year, that number could be reduced even further through policies aimed at HIV testing during pregnancy.The reasons toadopt such a policy are strong: the pathophysiology of perinatal transmission is clear, prophylaxis is effective and safe, and the intended beneficiaries of the intervention - babies - cannot protect themselves.

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Al-Asy’ari, M. Khoirul Hadi. "STATUS HUKUM PEREMPUAN MENURUT IBN ḤĀZM DAN KEDUDUKANNYA DALAM KOMPILASI HUKUM ISLAM (KHI)". Al-Ahkam 25, n.º 2 (24 de outubro de 2015): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/ahkam.2015.25.2.600.

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This study based on library research that discusses the legal status of women in the view of Ibn Ḥāzm. This study intends to answer three important questions; first, how the circumstances of the biography of Ibn Ḥāzm and socio-historical culture that surrounds his life; second, how the thought of Ibn Ḥāzm about the legal status of women; third, is there any thought of Ibn Ḥāzm relevance to the concept of gender in islamic law compilation (KHI). This research is expected to contribute at least in three points of view; first, examine the biography of Ibn Ḥāzm and educational history and culture surrounding his social life; second, describe Ibn Ḥāzm’s modern thinking with regard to the legal status of women; and third, discover the extent of the relevance of his thinking on gender discourse in KHI. Using istiṣḥāb, Ibn Hazm concludes that women and men have the same high legal status. This thought even beyond the perspective of gender, human rights, multiculturalism, pluralism and democracy that are still not familiar with Indonesian ulama’. This is among the arguments that claimed as the reason for the failure of the initiative of KHI Counter Legal Drafting (CLD).

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Afroogh, Mohammad reza, e Ali Reza Fahim. "The Status and dignity of Women in Islam and Hinduism". Journal of the Sociology and Theory of Religion 12, Extra-1 (10 de abril de 2021): 130–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24197/jstr.extra-1.2021.130-145.

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The heavenly religions have spoken much about the creation of man and his place in the world of creation. The position of women in these religions, known as the revelation religions, is very high. In the ancient Hindus, woman was not dignified and regarded as much as men, although in the Upanishads the woman was intrinsically valued, and man and woman are half halves that complement each other. There is no legal difference between men and women in India today, and women can engage in political, economic, and cultural activities as men. In Hinduism, woman holds a high position as a mother, from the point of view of Hinduism, the ideal woman is a woman who loves her husband and provides his with comfort. But the Hindu girl is far less valuable than the Hindu boy, and many Hindus do not generally favor the girl child. From the Islamic point of view, men and women have equal value in terms of humanity, and no one has superiority over others in their humanity. But this does not mean that any physical and mental differences between the two are denied. The holy religion of Islam considers women the first and foremost task of marrying and raising children, by assigning specific duties to women that are commensurate with their type of creation, but at the same time permits women to adhere to the principles of a Muslim woman participate in the community and engage in social and economic activities.

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Armini, Ni Ketut Alit, Nurul Hidayati e Tiyas Kusumaningrum. "Determinants of Nutritional Status Among Pregnant Women: a Transcultural Nursing Approach". Jurnal Ners 15, n.º 2 (9 de novembro de 2020): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jn.v15i2.21388.

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Introduction: Pregnant women experiencing poor nutritional status remains a problem which is still commonly found in Surabaya. Poor nutritional status is one of the causes of increased mortality in pregnant women. The mother's education and occupation, family income, number of children, and family shape are associated with the incidence of nutritional status in pregnant women. The purpose of this study was to explain the factors related to the nutritional status of pregnant women based on transcultural nursing theory.Methods: his study uses a cross-sectional design. The population were pregnant women at the Public Health Center Tanah Kali Kedinding Surabaya Indonesia, 104 respondents were selected using a consecutive sampling technique. The independent variables were technological, religious, family support, cultural values, political & legal, economic, and educational, while the dependent variable was the incidence of nutritional status in pregnant women. The data was obtained using questionnaires and mid upper arm circumstance (MUAC) measurements. The data was analyzed using the Spearman rho test.Results: There was a relationship between technological (p=0.001 ; r=0.332), family support (p=0.000 ; r=0.379), cultural values (p=0.000 ; r=0.702), political & legal (p=0.000 ; r=0.387), economic (p=0.031 ; r=0.212), and educational (p=0.020 ; r=0.228) factors with nutritional status in pregnant women.Discussion: Technological, family support, cultural values, political & legal, economic, and educational factors influenced the nutritional status of pregnant women. The cultural factor was the most dominant in influencing the nutritional status of pregnant women.

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Suaristiwayani, Ni Komang Tri Intan, I. Ketut Sukadana e Diah Gayatri Sudibya. "Kedudukan Hukum Wanita yang Mulih Daha di Banjar Munggu Kecamatan Mengwi Kabupaten Badung". Jurnal Interpretasi Hukum 1, n.º 2 (26 de setembro de 2020): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/juinhum.1.2.2452.142-147.

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For Balinese indigenous people, a woman returning to her parents’ home due to divorce has the status of mulih daha. With this status, a woman will have swadharma (obligations) and swadikara (rights) just like before the marriage took place in their respective homes. Several women who have experienced a mulih daha case have visited Banjar Munggu to regain their rights and carry out their obligations. This study examines the procedure for the return of a Balinese woman with the status of mulih daha and their customary position in Banjar Munggu Mengwi Badung. To achieve this goal, this research was conducted using an empirical legal research method with a sociological approach to law. Data were collected through selecting and summarising the data obtained from applicable legal provisions into relevant data with the object of the study. The results reveal that a woman with mulih daha status as a result of divorce does not have the right to inherit from her husband’s assets and / or that of their parents’, except from joint assets in inheritance. In Banjar Munggu Mengwi, the inheritance provisions for women with mulih daha status are clearly stipulated in the Awig-Awig of Banjar Adat, stipulating that every woman with the status of mulih daha is prohibited from joining in the village organisation.

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Lee, Yoon-Jung. "The Legal Status of Refugee Women - Focusing on Cases of FGM -". KANGWON LAW REVIEW 63 (31 de maio de 2021): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18215/kwlr.2021.63..1.

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awad, hoda. "The Legal status Of Women In Egypt: Reform and social Inerita". مصر الحدیثة 10, n.º 10 (1 de janeiro de 2011): 15–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/nmisr.2011.131625.

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Pushkareva, N. L. "The Legal Status of Women in Medieval Russia: Crime and Punishment". Soviet Law and Government 24, n.º 3 (dezembro de 1985): 76–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/rup1061-1940240376.

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Emami Namin, Mahmoud. "Legal status of women in the Sassanid’s Era (224–651 AD)". Cogent Arts & Humanities 5, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2018): 1540962. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2018.1540962.

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Dr. Shashi Pandey. "Legal Rights for the Empowerment of Women: An Analytical Study". Legal Research Development: An International Refereed e-Journal 2, n.º I (30 de setembro de 2017): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.53724/lrd/v2n1.07.

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In India the status of women is very low in comparison to men. They treated as a subordinate in the society. Women in independent India have more rights than their counterparts in many other countries of the world. But most of our women are not very much conscious of their rights. If we talk about rural women, they are totally unaware about their rights due to high intensity of patriarchal values in the family. They are only busy in child bearing and other household activities. Such unawareness and less education make them feeble in comparison to men. Through the present paper the attempt has been made to focus on the status of women in Ancient India and in present India and their legal rights.

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Ghiţă, Oana. "AN ANALYSIS OF WOMEN'S STATUS IN THE MUSLIM SYSTEM AS OPPOSED TO THE EUROPEAN". Agora International Journal of Juridical Sciences 9, n.º 4 (3 de fevereiro de 2016): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15837/aijjs.v9i4.2319.

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Article 14 of the ECHR Convention guarantees women the same rights as men. This is just one example. Gender equality is recognized in the Romanian legal system from the constitutional level — Article 16. The Coran guarantees equality between women and men. How is the woman subject to the protection of her husband in each of these law systems? We propose to analyze this in this article.

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Ali, Gohar, Ilyas Khan e Hidayat ur Rehman. "The Status of Women’s Legal Right to Inheritance in District Buner". Journal of Islamic and Religious Studies 7, n.º 1 (20 de junho de 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36476/jirs.7:1.06.2022.14.

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The women’s legal right to inheritance is a legal as well as a serious problem in District Buner, KP. The main outcomes of this research article that by what means to investigate and elucidate the women’s legal right to inheritance. This research article analyzes that majority of women are not given their legal right of inheritance willingly and are being deprived due to Pashtun culture, illiteracy and frauds. Despite the fact, that Islam has fixed the right of share in the inherited property for all class of women. The method of this study is based on analytical and quantitative approach. Moreover, it is of great significance to take vigilant steps and implement rules, laws at national level to vanquish this problem.

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Kardila, Putu Ayu Devi, I. Nyoman Putu Budiartha e I. Wayan Rideng. "Kedudukan Perempuan Mulih Daha dalam Keluarga dan Akibat Hukum Terhadap Anak di Desa Adat Mengwitani". Jurnal Konstruksi Hukum 2, n.º 3 (1 de setembro de 2021): 605–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jkh.2.3.3665.603-607.

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Women who return to their original homes because of a divorce, their status is called mulih daha (girls return). With this, the mulih daha woman continues to carry out her swadharma (obligations) to her parents at her home. If the marriage breaks up due to divorce, it also has legal consequences for the child. Based on the background that has been described, the purpose of this study is to find out how the legal status of the Mulih Daha woman is and what are the legal consequences for the child brought by the Mulih Daha woman to her home. The research method in this writing uses empirical research methods. The results of this study indicate that mulih daha women have no right to claim back the right to inherit in their home of origin. The rights and obligations of parents who have divorced their children must still be carried out as stipulated in Article 26 paragraphs (1) and (2) of Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning amendments to Law Number 23 of 2002

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Eslier, Maxime, Catherine Deneux-Tharaux, Priscille Sauvegrain, Thomas Schmitz, Dominique Luton, Laurent Mandelbrot, Candice Estellat e Elie Azria. "Association between Migrant Women’s Legal Status and Prenatal Care Utilization in the PreCARE Cohort". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n.º 19 (30 de setembro de 2020): 7174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197174.

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Barriers to access to prenatal care may partially explain the higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes among migrants compared with native-born women in Europe. Our aim was to assess the association between women’s legal status and inadequate prenatal care utilization (PCU) in France, where access to healthcare is supposed to be universal. The study population was extracted from the PreCARE prospective cohort (N = 10,419). The associations between women’s legal status and a composite outcome variable of inadequate PCU were assessed with multivariate logistic regressions. The proportion of women born in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) was higher among the undocumented than that of other migrants. All groups of migrant women had a higher risk of inadequate PCU (31.6% for legal migrants with European nationalities, 40.3% for other legal migrants, and 52.0% for undocumented migrants) than French-born women (26.4%). The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for inadequate PCU for undocumented migrants compared with that for French-born women was 2.58 (95% confidence interval 2.16–3.07) overall, and this association was similar for migrant women born in SSA (aOR 2.95, 2.28–3.82) and those born elsewhere (aOR 2.37, 1.89–2.97). Regardless of the maternal place of birth, undocumented migrant status is associated with a higher risk of inadequate PCU.

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Isabella Lindberg. "SOCIAL AND LEGAL STATUS OF US WOMEN: HISTORY OF THE XX CENTURY". WORLD WOMEN STUDIES JOURNAL 2, n.º 1 (1 de julho de 2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.46291/wwsj.v2i1.4.

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American women in society. 200 years after the US War of Independence, a peaceful revolution for women's independence took place. The efforts of several generations were required for the struggle for equality to succeed. Modern young American women can afford to skeptically or negatively speak about feminism, while they are ambitious, striving for social, political and economic positions, fundamentally inaccessible to women 30 years ago. When creating the American Republic, the Declaration of Independence proclaimed that "all people are created equal and endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights, which include life, freedom and the pursuit of happiness".

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Vickstrom, Erik R., e Amparo González-Ferrer. "Legal Status, Gender, and Labor Market Participation of Senegalese Migrants in France, Italy, and Spain". ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 666, n.º 1 (14 de junho de 2016): 164–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716216643555.

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Policymakers are understandably concerned about the integration of migrants into labor markets. This article draws on retrospective data from the MAFE-Senegal (Migration between Africa and Europe) survey to show that the effect of legal status on Senegalese migrants’ labor market participation in France, Italy, and Spain differs for men and women because of gendered immigration policies. We find that there is little association between Senegalese men’s legal status and their labor force participation. For Senegalese women, however, those who legally migrate to these countries for family reunification are more likely to be economically inactive upon arrival than women with other legal statuses. Family reunification does not preclude labor market participation entirely, however, as some of these women eventually transition into economic activity.

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Nguyen Thi, Bich. "History of women: research on the uniqual legal location of American women in modern history (XVI - XIX century)". Journal of Science Social Science 66, n.º 2 (maio de 2021): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18173/2354-1067.2021-0037.

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Today, the values of human rights, civil rights and especially the issue of gender equality (men and women equal rights) have become an urgent and decisive requirement for social progress. However, throughout the centuries, women's legal discrimination has been a historically common phenomenon on a global scale. Even in a country as proud of its democratic traditions as the United States, women are considered “second-class” citizens and their contributions seem to “disappear” in history. It was not until the 1960s - 1970s, under the influence of the Civil Rights Revolution, that the study of American women's history as an independent field attracted the attention of scholars. Within the scope of the article, the author focuses on analyzing two main issues: understanding the “second-class” status of American women in legal terms and trying to explain what causes inequality to exist. world in such a persistent way throughout the modern period (16th - 19th centuries) in the history of this country. From there, it helps readers to systematically and objectively view the efforts of American women in the struggle for their legal citizenship later.

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Kuka, Elira, Na’ama Shenhav e Kevin Shih. "A Reason to Wait: The Effect of Legal Status on Teen Pregnancy". AEA Papers and Proceedings 109 (1 de maio de 2019): 213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20191013.

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Although teen pregnancy has been on the decline in the United States, it remains among the highest within developed countries. Hispanics, who are more likely to be undocumented immigrants, lead this trend, yet the role of legal status has yet to be considered. To investigate this question, we examine teenage fertility responses to the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program, which provides temporary legal status to undocumented youth. We find that DACA reduced the likelihood of having a teenage birth by 1.6 percentage points and eliminated roughly half of the gap in teenage childbearing between documented and undocumented women.

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Ghali, Nawel. "Women’s status in Tunisia post revolution, legal acquis and real achievements". Research in Social Change 12, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2020): 83–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rsc-2020-0005.

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Abstract Under the umbrella of democratic transition, a new constitution was written which encourages more for gender equality and provides Tunisian women with further rights, mainly the political ones, to improve more the status of women within the complexity of the Tunisia society. This paper intends to focus on the Gender Gap Index, a methodological approach for the measurement of gender equality published by the World Economic Forum, to examine the regulations on women’s rights in the Tunisian constitution and to connect the statistics with legal achievement in order to try to answer the main research question: to what extent laws about Tunisian women’s rights are translated in practice?

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Kapustin, Aleksei Yevgenyevich. "Russian Law Codes in the 19th and 20th Century and Women: From Gaps and Inequalities to Legal Recognition and Legal Equality". Vesnik pravne istorije 1, n.º 1/2020 (3 de fevereiro de 2021): 123–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.51204/hlh_20105a.

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The article is devoted to the main problems in overcoming the gaps in women’s rights and establishing the principle of equality of the sexes in Russia in the 19th and 20th century. Historically, the legal status of women in Russia covered only marriage, family and inheritance relations. However, during the period covered by this article, the legislator ensured the political rights of women and recognized women as independent subjects of public law. The problem of the legal status of women in Russia has recently acquired not only theoretical, but also practical significance. The study of this problem was carried out relying not only on scientific articles, but also on legal sources and historical documents, such as the Collection of laws and orders of the government of Saint-Petersburg, Decree of the Provisional Government of July 20 1917 etc. The author comes to the conclusion that the evolutionary path of women’s rights in Russia had its own identity, while taking into account the experience and legislative practice of other countries.

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