Bibliografias temáticas / Women Legal status

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Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Women Legal status"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021

Última modificação: 29 de janeiro de 2023

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Women Legal status"

김난옥. "Legal Status of Women during Late Koryŏ". Korean Classical Woman Literature Studies ll, n.º 19 (dezembro de 2009): 35–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17090/kcwls.2009..19.35.

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Florea, Dumitrita. "The Legal Status of Women in Islam". Logos Universality Mentality Education Novelty: Law 10, n.º 2 (10 de janeiro de 2023): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumenlaw/10.2/75.

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The gender difference fueled throughout our history as a species a series of inequalities that were transposed into society in the form of a hierarchical system in which political, economic and religious power was under the auspices of male gender representatives, and social and family relationships were outlined around the concept of subjugation of women, the so-called „patriarchal society” in which roles in society were clearly defined, and deviations from archaic norms were sanctioned with public opprobrium. The role of women in society is a topic that has been intensely debated in the last century, especially in the West, where the cultural model of the obedient housewife has been supplanted by the feminist view that men and women are intellectually and spiritually equal. and are in equal positions in society, and the archaic roles are no longer admissible in a context where a unitary evolution of society is desired, an evolution that cannot be achieved by maintaining a discriminatory system, inconsistent with the fundamental principles of human rights. On the other hand, in certain areas of the East, archaic social and family models dominated by men are still preserved. The issue of women's rights in Islamic society is a current topic, the Islamic feminist movement catching echoes in most Muslim states, but also in the West, where equality activists have brought to the attention of international public opinion the situation of respect for women's rights.

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Shehadeh, Lamia Rustum. "The Legal Status of Married Women in Lebanon". International Journal of Middle East Studies 30, n.º 4 (novembro de 1998): 501–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800052533.

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Law plays a vital role in establishing not only regulations but actual thoughts and behavior in defining what is acceptable by society and what is to be considered natural or unnatural. Thus, as the laws dealt with here become symbols of what society believes to be natural or unnatural, they assume far more serious implications than their strictly legal context; hence, the significance of this study. The law is the arena where different views or philosophies are contested. Thus, Rosemary Coombe maintains that “law concludes or limits everyday struggles, authoritatively determines the qualities of individuals or groups, the social identities which people can lay claim to, and the ways in which personhood and experiences of self can be legitimately represented.” Furthermore, by legitimizing certain conceptions of the self, the law by default suppresses alternative conceptions.

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McGlynn, Clare. "Women, representation and the legal academy". Legal Studies 19, n.º 1 (março de 1999): 68–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.1999.tb00086.x.

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Successive studies have documented the institutionally marginalised status of many women academics. What remains unclear is whether such findings apply equally to women legal academics. This article begins the process of investigating the role, status and experiences of women legal academics, reporting the findings of the first survey into the representation of academic women in UK university law schools. The study presents a snapshot of the gender composition of law schools in October 1997, at all levels of seniority, together with data on the representation of women in each responding law school. It finds considerable differences between law schools, as well as an under-representation of women compared with men at senior levels. It is suggested that these patterns of the representation of women legal academics have important ramifications for legal education, the legal profession and the discipline of law itself.

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Cruz Ángeles, Jonatán. "Developing indigenous women´legal status in the inter-amerian law". Age of Human Rights Journal, n.º 19 (19 de dezembro de 2022): 23–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17561/tahrj.v19.7146.

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In this study, we begin by analysing the guiding legal principles and international standards that States must consider when developing laws, programs, and policies to protect indigenous women's human rights. Besides, we try to find out what priority issues States are trying to address. Once we establish the theoretical framework, we will review how, in practice, the Inter-American Commission and Court have examined some of the leading cases concerning the protection of the economic, social, and cultural rights of indigenous women. All this will lead us to understand the bases of indigenous women's worldview. Thus, we can propose the (de)construction of their legal status, which should suggest a necessary conquest of public spaces and conceive them as individuals, protecting their honour and recognizing their dignity.

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Booker, Sparky. "The challenge of writing histories of ‘women’: the case of women and the law in late medieval Ireland". Irish Historical Studies 46, n.º 170 (novembro de 2022): 224–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ihs.2022.42.

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AbstractCritiques of women's history based on intersectional analysis have demonstrated the importance of recognising differences between women and the perils of assuming commonality of experience based on gender. The idea that we can treat women as a group in some meaningful way is further complicated in medieval legal history by the fact that women's legal entitlements differed depending on their marital status. This paper examines women's experiences of the law in the English colony in late medieval Ireland. It argues that, despite the importance of ethnicity, social status and marital status in shaping different women's experiences of the law, gender played a significant role in their legal arguments and the ways in which juries and justices perceived them. Women's experiences at law were influenced in myriad ways by shared societal assumptions about their vulnerability and subordination to men. These assumptions influenced women regardless of the many social divisions and circumstances that made each woman unique. This study finds, therefore, that ‘women’ is a legitimate and productive category for historical research in the late medieval legal context but urges historians to interrogate more robustly why ‘women’ is an appropriate analytical category for their specific historical questions.

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Arat, Zehra. "BOOK REVIEW: THE NEW LEGAL STATUS OF WOMEN IN TURKEY WOMEN FOR WOMEN'S HUMAN RIGHTS (WWHR). New Legal Status of Women in Turkey. April 2002." Journal of Middle East Women's Studies 1, n.º 2 (abril de 2005): 148–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/mew.2005.1.2.148.

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Targamadze, Zurab. "Social and Legal Status of Women in Medieval Georgia". International Journal of Culture and History (EJournal) 3, n.º 1 (2017): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijch.2017.3.1.081.

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Eshmuradova, Nasiba Dustmuradovna. "Legal status of women in the Kyrgyz traditional society". Interactive science, n.º 3 (13) (22 de março de 2017): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-118268.

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Tripp, Aili Mari, e Magdalena K. Rwebangira. "The Legal Status of Women and Poverty in Tanzania". African Studies Review 41, n.º 1 (abril de 1998): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/524691.

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Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Women Legal status"

Saad, Salma. "The legal and social status of women in the Hadith literature". Thesis, University of Leeds, 1990. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/508/.

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This thesis covers the status of, and attitude to, the woman in Islam, as reflected by the literature of the Hadith. All previous works which have dealt with the status of the woman in Islam have attempted to cover vast areas and aspect ranging from the pre-Islamic era to our present time. However, no single work has ever been devoted to the position of woman as depicted in Muslim tradition. Since the amount of material collected is so vast, it seems to the author that even a general survey of the status of woman from pre-Isalmic times to our present day, is beyond the scope of this research, especially that this subject has already been discussed by many scholars. The literature of the hadith, however, has never been the sole corpus for this subject and hence is the major source for the present research. The status of women is examined in this work following the different "stages" in the life of the woman. Hence the following aspects have been considered; a. the baby girl b. the young girl c. the married woman and the mother d. the divorced woman e. the widow f. the slave woman. The six major books of Hadiths, and the books of Sunni, contain an enormous number of references to woman noted by the Prophet and his companions. These references usually refer to the status and legal position of women from birth to death, mainly based on actual facts which were brought to the attention of the Prophet. In order to collect all the relevant references; all six books of the Hadith, were carefully examined, registered and classified. In addition, all relevant works available were read so that a sound background for the research can be established. Experts in the field of Islamic law were consulted on various aspect of this topic and were also to lesser extent relied on traditions and customs known to the author and her family. Having dealt with a most sensitive subject which has been neglected up till now. The author aware of the incompleteness of this work, nevertheless, the author feel that the amount of materials examined and methods of analysis which were employed should give the reader on authentic insight into the life and position of the Muslim woman as depicted in the Hadith.

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Troy, Beth M. "Legally bound a study of women's legal status in the ancient Near East /". Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1101850402.

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Radijeng, Godfrey Olebogeng. "Customary law and gender equality : the legal status of women in Botswana". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404025.

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Rahman, Saira. "The socio-legal status of Bangali women in Bangladesh : implications for development". Thesis, University of Kent, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267407.

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Stuntz, Jean A. "The Persistence of Castilian Law in Frontier Texas: the Legal Status of Women". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1996. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277693/.

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Castilian law developed during the Reconquest of Spain. Women received certain legal rights to persuade them to move to the villages on the expanding frontier. These legal rights were codified in Las Siete Partidas, the monumental work of Castilian law, compiled in the thirteenth century. Under Queen Isabella, Castilian law became the law of all Spain. As Spain discovered, explored, and colonized the New World, Castilian law spread. The Recopilacidn de Los Leyes de Las Indias complied the laws for all the colonies. Texas, as the last area in North America settled by Spain, retained Castilian law. Case law from the Bexar Archives proves this for the Villa of San Fernando(present-day San Antonio). Castilian laws and customs persisted even on the Texas frontier.

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Falcon, Paulette Yvonne Lynnette. "If the evil ever occurs : the 1873 Married Women's Property Act : law, property and gender relations in 19th century British Columbia". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30571.

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This study will examine the circumstances surrounding the passage of the British Columbia Married Women's Property Act, 1873 and the judicial response to it. The statute was an attempt on the part of legislators to clarify and facilitate married women's actions in the marketplace, while accomodating new ideas about women's place in society. But despite the rhetoric about women's rights and the bill's more egalitarian potential, it precipitated no domestic revolution. The courts, in turn, ignored the legislation's more liberal provisions and interpreted it solely as a protective measure. Notwithstanding their different views on gender relations and marital property reform, legislators and judges shared common beliefs about the importance of family life. Consequently, the law defended women's legal rights as family members more than as individuals. Overall, the bill represented a compromise. Although it was meant to alleviate some of a wife's legal disabilities so that she could participate more freely in the economic life of the community, it was also grounded in the Victorian paternalism of the legislators who enacted it and the judges who enforced it. As a result, despite the challenge presented by the provisions of the Married Women's Property Act, the doctrine of marital unity proved remarkably resilient.
Arts, Faculty of
History, Department of
Graduate

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Trilsch, Mirja A. "Gender-based persecution and the 'particular social group' category : an analysis". Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31176.

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This thesis addresses the problems related to the assessment of gender-based claims of persecution under the international definition of 'refugee'. The 1951 United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees does not list 'gender' as one of the persecution grounds that entitle a person to seek refuge. In attempting to solve this apparent dilemma, the 'membership of a particular social group' category was long considered to be the appropriate assessment framework.
While nowadays the other four enumerated Convention grounds---race, religion, nationality, and political opinion---have increasingly received regard, the approach to gender-based persecution has so far been neither systematic, nor consistent. Moreover, the most critical interpretative hurdles continue to arise in the context of the 'membership of a particular social group' category,
This study therefore examines the link between the two concepts of gender-based persecution and the 'membership of a particular social group' category. For this purpose, both concepts are first considered independently (Parts II and III). Following this, the larger part of the analysis is assigned to the examination of the international case law concerning gender-based claims (Part IV) which shall determine if and how gender-based persecution can appropriately be accommodated under the 'membership of a particular social group' category,

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Troy, Beth M. "LEGALLY BOUND: A STUDY OF WOMEN’S LEGAL STATUS IN THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1101850402.

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Jones, Sarah E. "A Comparison of the Status of Widows in Eighteenth-Century England and Colonial America". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4507/.

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This thesis compares the status of upper-class widows in England to Colonial America. The common law traditions in England established dower, which was also used in the American colonies. Dower guaranteed widows the right to one-third of the land and property of her husband. Jointure was instituted in England in 1536 and enabled men to bypass dower and settle a yearly sum on a widow. The creation of jointure was able to proliferate in England due to the cash-centered economy, but jointure never manifested itself in Colonial America because of the land centered economy. These two types of inheritance form the background for the argument that upper-class women in Colonial America had more legal and economical freedoms than their brethren in England.

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Ferreira, Andriette. "The legal rights of the women of ancient Egypt". Diss., [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://etd.unisa.ac.za/ETD-db/ETD-desc/describe?urn=etd-03112005-145236.

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Livros sobre o assunto "Women Legal status"

Vidova, Milanka. Legal status of Bulgarian women. Sofia: Sofia Press, 1987.

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Khan, Muniza Rafiq. Socio-legal status of Muslim women. New Delhi: Radiant, 1992.

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Khan, Muniza Rafiq. Socio-legal status of Muslim women. New Delhi: Radiant Publishers, 1993.

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Socio-legal status of Muslim women. London: Sangan, 1993.

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Diwan, Paras. Women and legal protection. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 1994.

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Rama, Mehta. Socio-legal status of women in India. Delhi: Mittal, 1987.

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Mehta, Rama. Socio-legal status of women in India. Delhi, India: Mittal Publications, 1987.

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Mehta, Rama. Socio-legal status of women in India. Delhi: Mittal Pub., 1987.

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Punjab, Haryana & Delhi Chamber of Commerce and Industry, ed. Ensuring legal equality for women. New Delhi: PHDCCI, 2006.

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C, Collins William. Women in jail: Legal issues. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Justice, National Institute of Corrections, 1996.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Women Legal status"

Jawad, Haifaa A. "The Legal Status of Women in Islam". In The Rights of Women in Islam, 1–15. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230503311_1.

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Divac, Una, Maurilio Felici, Nina Kršljanin, Pietro Lo Iacono e Vojislav Stanimirović. "Gender Issues in Comparative Legal History". In Gender-Competent Legal Education, 15–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14360-1_2.

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AbstractThis chapter analyses the key gender issues throughout comparative legal history, from the Antiquity to the contemporary era. A wide array of subjects will be briefly touched upon, such as the traditional roles of men and women and their legal recognition, the legal status of women, the patriarchal patterns and the trends of their change, the interaction of religion and law in these areas. These various subjects all portray a millennia-long domination of the patriarchal system and the long and arduous struggle for gender equality. The text is mainly concerned with the Western legal systems, broadly speaking—European, Near-Eastern and American—showcasing individual legal systems in the Antiquity and Middle Ages, where differences during these times were greater, but focusing instead on key issues and areas of law in the Modern era, where convergence and common tendencies become more pronounced. By understanding these issues in their historical context, readers will gain valuable knowledge of the historical background of the current status of gender relations in the main legal systems of the world.

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Paradza, Gaynor Gamuchirai. "Women and land inheritance under legal pluralism in Lesotho." In Land governance and gender: the tenure-gender nexus in land management and land policy, 182–92. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247664.0015.

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Abstract Land inheritance is an important process through which women negotiate access to the resource. Legal pluralism renders land inheritance a complex process for those who rely on inheritance as a source of land. This chapter uses the case study of Lesotho to highlight how legal pluralism influences women's land inheritance in Lesotho. The research applied qualitative research approaches using both primary and secondary data to analyse the status of women's access to land in Lesotho. Primary data collection was undertaken in Maseru and Mafeteng using key informant interviews, focus group discussions and field visits. Key informants included women's organizations, government representatives, Habitat for Humanity staff and beneficiaries, private sector, paralegals, traditional leaders, community councils, widows and land right organizations. Focus group discussions focused on the community council and paralegals, and the Land Advocacy reference group. Secondary data was obtained from published and unpublished sources. The findings were validated through a national workshop with key stakeholders in Lesotho. This means that the study findings can be used as a basis for drawing insights on women's land inheritance experiences of statute, custom and practice in Lesotho.

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Wily, Liz Alden. "Transforming legal status of customary land rights: what this means for women and men in rural Africa." In Land governance and gender: the tenure-gender nexus in land management and land policy, 169–81. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247664.0014.

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Abstract This chapter provides an overview of land tenure reform, which should, in theory, prove a potent trigger towards equitable land relations between men and women in the customary land sector. This has been progressively underway in Africa since the 1990s. Broadly, a common objective is to release customary rights from their historical subordination as occupancy and use rights on presumed unowned lands, and much of which land remains vests in governments as ownercustodians. Or, where national laws have treated customary rights more equitably, a principal aim of reforms is to increase their security by these rights to be registrable without their extinction and conversion into statutory private rights. In short, this new phase of African land reform could signal the end of 70 years of intended disappearance of customary tenure as formally advised by the East African Royal Commission in 1955 and core elements of which were also adopted by France in respect of its own African possessions.

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Frańczak, Olga. "(Stereo)typical Law: Challenging the Transformative Potential of Human Rights". In Towards Gender Equality in Law, 15–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98072-6_2.

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AbstractThe UN Commission on the Status of Women stated that addressing gender stereotypes “must be a key element in all efforts to achieve the realization of women’s human rights” (2010). Leading human rights organisations (African Union, Council of Europe, European Union, Organization of American States and the United Nations) have introduced instruments aimed at the elimination of gender stereotypes, like CEDAW or the Istanbul Convention. Feminist legal scholarship reaffirms this position, considering stereotyping to be one of the biggest challenges for realisation of human rights in contemporary society. Nevertheless, the topic remains largely under-researched. Drawing on feminist legal theory, this chapter addresses the following question: Can and should law be used to address gender stereotyping? It explores the complexity of this topic, with focus on the opportunities and constrains of using law to affect substantive change. This chapter takes up an interdisciplinary approach of law and politics.

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Bandelli, Daniela. "Surrogacy in the United States: The Horse Is Out of the Barn". In Sociological Debates on Gestational Surrogacy, 67–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80302-5_5.

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AbstractThe United States are pioneers and leaders of surrogacy international market. Although, there are groups and NGOs in the civil society which are active on the issue of surrogacy (such as the Stop Surrogacy Now campaign in the abolitionist front, and the Center for Genetics and Society in the reformist one), this issue remains marginal in the public debate and has not reached the status of cause for feminists (as for example abortion, violence against women, sexual harassment, breast cancer, etc.). In the United States, the low engagement of feminists can be explained by looking at the evolution of surrogacy debate since the first clinics established in the 1980s to today’s advanced social acceptance of surrogacy and assisted reproduction, as well as to the centrality of the autonomy principle in American feminism, and radicalisation of the abortion debate. Feminists, who in 2020 still need to fight for access to safe and legal abortion, are very careful not to make a misstep in favour of their opponents by admitting that individual autonomy on the body and reproduction can, at times, be limited as a form of women’s protection and emancipation from commodification.

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Eskelinen, Pia. "Rural Women’s Land Use Rights in China: Acceptance and Enforceability". In Towards Gender Equality in Law, 111–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98072-6_6.

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AbstractLegal control of land as well as legal and social recognition of women’s uses of and rights to land can have catalytic effects of empowerment, increasing women’s influence and status in their communities. During past decades, changes in the Chinese land tenure rights and practices have brought important incentives for rural developments including farmer income and living standards. However, the law in books differs from the law in action and the lack of women’s land use rights recognition deprives them of their chances of surviving in rural China. They become legally invisible, ignored and forgotten. This qualitative research is mainly based on interviews conducted in China. The data will be analysed within the framework of theories and philosophies grounding Chinese ideology. As this research focus on women in rural areas, feminism form the theoretical and ideological background.

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Benito Benítez, María Angustias, e Carmen Jover Ramírez. "Gender Perspective of Social Security Law". In Gender-Competent Legal Education, 341–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14360-1_10.

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AbstractThe main purpose of Social Security Law is to regulate the social protection provided to those who, while carrying out a professional activity, find themselves in situations of need that are protected by the different Social Security systems of states. The purpose of these systems is to guarantee the welfare state and, therefore, they are increasingly inclined to extend their subjective scope of protection beyond those who carry out a professional activity. The gender perspective is not alien to Social Security law. It is essential to analyse Social Security from a gender perspective, not only because it includes protected situations arising from the very nature of women, but also due to the consequences the traditional distribution of roles between men and women has had in the field of Social Security. Both these issues will be studied in this chapter.

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Acale Sánchez, María, Ivana Marković e Susanne Strand. "Gender Competent Criminal Law". In Gender-Competent Legal Education, 429–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14360-1_13.

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AbstractThe following chapter deals with the general and special part of criminal law from a gender perspective. It analyses, in particular, the provisions from the Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence, the Istanbul Convention, from 2011. The Istanbul Convention is the most comprehensive international legal instrument that outlines binding obligations to states to prevent and combat violence against women and girls. Furthermore, the Istanbul Convention contains several institutes and behaviours that have to be criminalised in the respective national jurisdictions, covering and combining dogmatics and criminal policy issues with a foundation substantially based on gender. The chapter also explores gender issues in a more general way, interpreting criminal law and its challenges towards gender equality. The special part raises questions regarding criminal law and its compatibility with the Istanbul Convention and national laws.

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Fröhlich, Mareike, Tatjana Jevremović Petrović e Jelena Lepetić. "Gender, Business and the Law". In Gender-Competent Legal Education, 667–709. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14360-1_19.

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AbstractThis chapter deals with gender equality in business law. For some time now, gender diversity has played an important role in the composition of dispute resolution bodies, boards of directors and supervisory boards, forcing the companies concerned to take action. The underlying initiatives of the EU regarding gender quotas in companies, as described in the chapter, are beginning to have an effect, as developments in the banking and financial sector also show. Although the European internal market and its fundamental freedoms do not have a direct impact, the European Union is strongly committed to the protection of gender equality, the economic empowerment of women as well as female entrepreneurship. This chapter explains in detail how forms of enterprises, financing options, education and networking can support women to become entrepreneurs and play a crucial role in business decision-making. Finally, the chapter describes the impact of international trade and investment agreements in this field. Gender mainstreaming now takes place in all recent trade agreements and opens up new opportunities for women. Although investment agreements secure and support foreign investments, which are needed to improve the welfare of states and their citizens, they also could undermine the promotion of gender equality in the investor state. These new changes could jeopardise the investment as national rules will be legally obliged to be changed.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Women Legal status"

Боков, Юрий Александрович. "THE POLITICAL STATUS OF WOMEN IN THE GERMAN EMPIRE". In Исследование и практика в социально-экономической и гуманитарной сфере: сборник избранных статей Всероссийской (национальной) научно-практической конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Январь 2022). Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/ipgs324.2022.95.98.003.

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Выравнивание правового статуса человека независимо от половой принадлежности становится возможным только тогда, когда имеется внутреннее согласие на это большинства граждан и достигнут необходимый уровень правосознания, при котором понимается необходимость приоритета прав и свобод над любыми социальными нормами. The equalization of a person's legal status, regardless of gender, becomes possible only when there is an internal consent of the majority of citizens and the necessary level of legal awareness has been reached, in which the priority of rights and freedoms over any social norms is understood.

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Bokov, Yuri. "Social Status Of Women In Germany (1848-1933): Legal And Cultural Aspects". In II International Scientific and Practical Conference "Individual and Society in the Modern Geopolitical Environment" Conference. European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.12.04.17.

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Aziz Sadiq Kasnazany, Taib. "Prosecute and punish the perpetrators of sexual violence against Yazidis as a crime against humanity, even the possible genocide committed by ISIS". In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/61.

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"Abstract On the 3rd of August 2014, ISIS fighters attacked the Sinjar region in northern of Iraq, mostly populated by Yazidis, a religious minority. In almost 3 days, most of the villages in the region were vacated and their residents captured. These events mark the beginning of a campaign of extreme violence that has left men and women apart. Adult men were massacred while girls and women were held for sale as sex slaves. More than 7 years after these events, no prosecution has been brought by International Criminal Court. States are unwilling to try their nationals guilty of crimes of genocide against the Yazidis. This paper aims to analyze the genocide of the Yazidis from the perspective of sexual violence and in particular to determine whether it can be considered to the status of genocide. The origins and legal sources of the genocide are first analyzed. This violence is then examined in the light of certain elements constituting the crime of genocide. Finally, the challenges to be met in the fight against impunity in International Criminal Court are mentioned in the conclusion."

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Feng, Siyu. "The Influence of Patriarchal Clan System on the Legal Status of Chinese Women in Marriage and Family??q??qSuggestions on Promoting the Implementation of Anti Domestic Violence Law". In 4th International Symposium on Social Science (ISSS 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/isss-18.2018.144.

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Guettaoui, Amel, e Ouafi Hadja. "Women’s participation in political life in the Arab states". In Development of legal systems in Russia and foreign countries: problems of theory and practice. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02061-6-93-105.

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The level of political representation of women in different legislative bodies around the world varies greatly. The women in the Arab world, is that as in other areas of the world, have throughout history experienced discrimination and have been subject to restriction of their freedoms and rights. Many of these practices and limitations are based on cultural and emanate from tradition and not from religion as many people supposed, these main constraints that create an obstacle towards women’s rights and liberties are reflected in the participation of women in political life. Although there are differences between the countries, the Arab region in general is noted for the low participation of women in politics. Universal suffrage has become common in most countries, but there are still some Arab women who are denied such rights. There have been many highly respected female leaders in Arab history, such as Shajar al-Durr (13th century) in Egypt, Queen Orpha (d. 1090) in Yemen. In the modern era there have also been examples of female leadership in Arab countries. However, in Arabic-speaking countries no woman has ever been head of state, although many Arabs remarked on the presence of women such as Jehan Al Sadat, the wife of Anwar El Sadat in Egypt, and Wassila Bourguiba, the wife of Habib Bourguiba in Tunisia, who have strongly influenced their husbands in their dealings with matters of state. Many Arab countries allow women to vote in national elections. The first female Member of Parliament in the Arab world was Rawya Ateya, who was elected in Egypt in 1957. Some countries granted the female franchise in their constitutions following independence, while some extended the franchise to women in later constitutional amendments.

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Karaman, Ebru. "Government’s Responsibility to Prevent the Violence against Women in Turkey". In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01228.

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Violence against women, which is accepted as a violation of human right in Turkey and in whole world for many years, causes physical and mental harms by practicing all kind of personal and collective behavior including force and pressure. Femicides have increased 1400% in the last seven years and one of every three women is subjected to violence. It is doubtful that in international law; Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and Council of Europe Convention and in additional to this in national law; The 1982 Constitution and The Law to Protect Family and Prevent Violence Against Women can provide effective guarantee to protect the place of woman in Turkish Society or not? Despite all of the legislative regulations, the violence against women in Turkey increasingly goes on. For this reason it is crucial to evaluate the articles no 5th, 10th, 17th, 41st and 90th of Constitution which compose the legal basis for preventing violence against women. Republic of Turkey’s founding philosophy bases on equality of women and men, which means equal rights for every single citizen. To end this violence against women; can be achieve only through provide this equality legally and defacto, and also, apply social state’s principles in real life. Because in social states, struggling against this violence should be accepted as government’s policy. The state should be in cooperation with all women's organizations and provide training for related trade bodies.

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Longo, Gabrielle, Frida de Luna e Mahnoor Ahmad. "Health warnings on cannabis dispensary websites". In 2021 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.22.

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Cannabis users are increasingly turning towards the Internet for information about cannabis, especially medicinal patients, who generally have low to moderate knowledge of important aspects of cannabis like medicinal effectiveness. Potential for misuse of cannabis is much higher when there is a lack of accurate information (Kruger et al., 2020). Overuse of cannabis can be associated with discontinued enrollment in school, trouble dealing with anxiety and stress, and an increased risk of schizotypy (Blavos et al., 2017). Cannabinoid exposure during pregnancy has been shown to have negative effects on the fetal immune system (Dong et al., 2019), is associated with low birth weight, stunted development (Gusstafson & Jacobsson, 2019), and cognitive impairment (Grant et al., 2018). Cannabis dispensary employees have been found to make health suggestions without proper qualifications (Dickson 2018), and advertising on dispensary websites often suggests strains for specific medical conditions, despite the lack of empirical evidence supporting these claims (Kruger et al., 2020; Luc 2020). This increasing medicalization of cannabis by those unqualified to do so is concerning in such a fast-growing field. The present study assesses the presence of health warnings on cannabis dispensary websites, specifically (a) the presence of facts or warnings about potential psychological consequences (e.g., paranoia, increased vulnerability to psychosis), (b) facts or warnings about use in pregnant women, and (c) general dosage warnings. Dispensaries were selected at random in all states that have legal cannabis. 15 dispensaries were selected from each state. If the state had less than 15, all dispensaries in the state were included in coding, for a total of 389 dispensary websites. Dispensaries were identified via informal cannabis websites like leafly.com and potguides.com, as the purpose of the study was to identify dispensary websites that the average person would find when searching the Internet. Previous studies have utilized state agency lists and informal lists (Cavazos-Rehg et al., 2019). Three trained research assistants coded each website for the relevant information. 30% of websites coded had psychological consequence warnings (n = 111), 21.53% had gynecological health warnings, and 45.65% had general use warnings. Three separate logistic regression analyses were performed with the three types of health warnings as the binary outcome variable (the information is either present = 1, or not present = 0) and legality status as the predictor. Legality status had no impact on the presence of psychological consequence information (OR = .737, SE = .174, p = .196) or general dosage information (OR = .786, SE = .479, p = .279), but legality did have a significant influence on the presence of gynecological consequences (OR = .499, SE = .129, p = .007), indicating that when cannabis was recreationally legal, the state was less likely to have information about gynecological health consequences on their dispensary websites. This is troubling, because cannabis is much more easily accessible in states with recreational legalization than medicinal, and the consequences of cannabis use during pregnancy can be severe.

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Erdei, Renáta J., e Anita R. Fedor R. Fedor. "The Phenomenon and the Characteristics of Precariate in Hungary: Labormarket situation, Precariate, Subjective health". In CARPE Conference 2019: Horizon Europe and beyond. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/carpe2019.2019.10284.

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Anita R. Fedor- Renáta J. Erdei Abstract The focus of our research is labor market integration and the related issues like learning motivation, value choices, health status, family formation and work attitudes. The research took place in the North Great Plain Region – Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county, Nyíregyháza, Nyíregyháza region, Debrecen, Cigánd district (exception), we used the Debrecen and the national database of the Graduate Tracking System. Target groups: 18-70 year-old age group, women and women raising young children, 15-29 year-old young age group, high school students (graduate ones) fresh university graduates. The theorethical frameworks of the precariate research is characterized by a multi-disciplinar approach, as this topic has sociological, economic, psychological, pedagogical, legal and health aspects. Our aim is to show whether There is relevance between the phenomenon of precariate and labor market disadvantage and how individual insecurity factors affect a person’s presence in the labor market. How the uncertainties in the workplace appear in different regions and social groups by expanding the theoretical framework.According to Standing precariate is typical to low gualified people. But I would like to see if it also typical to highly qualifiled young graduates with favourable conditions.It is possible or worth looking for a way out of the precarious lifestyle (often caused by objective reasons) by combining and using management and education.Are there definite features in the subjective state of health of groups with classic precariate characteristics? Results The research results demonstrate that the precarious characteristics can be extended, they are multi-dimensional.The personal and regional risk factors of labor market exclusion can develop both in different regions and social groups. Precarized groups cannot be connected exclusively to disadvantaged social groups, my research has shown that precarious characteristics may also appear, and the process of precarization may also start among highly qualified people. Precariate is a kind of subjective and collective crisis. Its depth largely depends on the economic environment, the economic and social policy, and the strategy and cultural conditions of the region. The results show, that the subjective health of classical precar groups is worse than the others.

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Pašuld, Sanda. "THE EUROPEAN CHARTER FOR EQUALITY OF WOMEN AND MEN IN LOCAL LIFE AS A TOOL FOR INCREASING THE REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN IN THE REPRESENTATIVE BODIES OF LOCAL AND REGIONAL SELF-GOVERNMENT". In EU AND MEMBER STATES – LEGAL AND ECONOMIC ISSUES. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/9010.

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Tucak, Ivana, e Anita Blagojević. "COVID- 19 PANDEMIC AND THE PROTECTION OF THE RIGHT TO ABORTION". In EU 2021 – The future of the EU in and after the pandemic. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18355.

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The COVID - 19 pandemic that swept the world in 2020 and the reactions of state authorities to it are unparalleled events in modern history. In order to protect public health, states have limited a number of fundamental human rights that individuals have in accordance with national constitutions and international conventions. The focus of this paper is the right of access to abortion in the Member States of the European Union. In Europe, the situation with regard to the recognition of women's right to abortion is quite clear. All member states of the European Union, with the exception of Poland and Malta, recognize the rather liberal right of a woman to have an abortion in a certain period of time after conception. However, Malta and Poland, as members of the European Union, since abortion is seen as a service, must not hinder the travel of women abroad to have an abortion, nor restrict information on the provision of abortion services in other countries. In 2020, a pandemic highlighted all the weaknesses of this regime by preventing women from traveling to more liberal countries to perform abortions, thus calling into question their right to choose and protect their sexual and reproductive rights. This is not only the case in Poland and Malta, but also in countries that recognize the right to abortion but make it conditional on certain non-medical conditions, such as compulsory counselling; and the mandatory time period between applying for and performing an abortion; in situations present in certain countries where the problem of a woman exercising the right to abortion is a large number of doctors who do not provide this service based on their right to conscience. The paper is divided into three parts. The aim of the first part of the paper is to consider all the legal difficulties that women face in accessing abortion during the COVID -19 pandemic, restrictions that affect the protection of their dignity, right to life, privacy and right to equality. In the second part of the paper particular attention will be paid to the illiberal tendencies present in this period in some countries of Central and Eastern Europe, especially Poland. In the third part of the paper, emphasis will be put on the situation in Malta where there is a complete ban on abortion even in the case when the life of a pregnant woman is in danger.

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Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Women Legal status"

Kakai, Solaf Muhammed Amin. Women in Iraq's Kakai Minority: the Gender Dimensions of a Struggle for Identity. Institute of Development Studies, dezembro de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2022.006.

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This CREID Policy Briefing provides recommendations to address the marginalisation, discrimination and exclusion faced by Kakai women in Iraq. Members of the Kakai minority have faced discrimination and marginalisation during many different periods of the Iraqi state. Prior to the US occupation of Iraq in 2003, Kakais were deported to other regions as part of a government drive to alter the demographics of Kurdish majority areas. After 2003, the Kakais faced oppression as a minority group during a long period of sectarian fighting. This oppression continued with the Islamic State (ISIS) terrorist attack on Iraq in 2014. The marginalisation of the Kakais is exacerbated by a lack of legal recognition and differing views over their minority status.

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Enfield, Sue. Promoting Gender Equality in the Eastern Neighbourhood Region. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), março de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.063.

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This helpdesk report synthesises evidence on the drivers and opportunities for promoting gender equality in the Eastern Neighbourhood region. Although equality between women and men is enshrined in the constitutions and legal systems of all Eastern Neighbourhood countries, and all countries have ratified most of the important international conventions in this area without reservations; women are still subject to social discrimination. Discriminatory laws, social norms, and practices rooted in patriarchal systems inherited from the Soviet era have negative consequences and act as drags upon gender equality. Former Soviet states making the transition from a command economy to a market-driven system need to make changes in governance and accountability systems to allow for women to have agency and to benefit from any nominal status of gender equality. This report considers areas where there are outstanding opportunities to improve women’s situation in Eastern Neighbourhood countries.

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Carter, Becky. Women’s and Girls’ Experiences of Security and Justice in Somaliland. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), fevereiro de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.077.

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This rapid review seeks to provide an overview of the publicly available literature from the academic, donor, and non-government organisation sources on women’s and girls’ experiences of statutory and customary security and justice in Somaliland. In Somaliland women and girls experience poor security, with high rates of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV), and significant barriers to gender equality in the pluralistic legal system. The predominant clan-based customary justice system, along with conservative social norms and religious beliefs, discriminates against women and girls, while weak formal state institutions are not able to deliver accessible and effective justice for vulnerable and marginalised groups. Social stigma silences SGBV survivors and their families, with many rape crimes resolved through customary compensation or marriage. National and international organisations have undertaken various activities to promote gender equality in security and justice, with support provided to formal and informal security and justice institutions and actors at national and local levels, as well as initiatives to empower women and girls.

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Country profile of women's health and development in Indonesia. Population Council, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1998.1048.

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The “Country Profile of Women’s Health and Development in Indonesia” contains a thorough review of the following: Geographical, Political, Socio-Demographic, and Economic Profile of Indonesia; Status of Women; and Women’s Health Status. In view of the complexity of the problems facing women, the document concludes that Indonesia needs a plan for the future with a gender perspective that prioritizes increased life expectancy, legal protection, and empowerment for women. To reach this goal, Indonesia started by ratifying the Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) and set it into law in 1984. This convention, together with the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) that was ratified in 1990, directly addresses various issues facing women, children, and families.

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Review of the policy process in Bangladesh following ICPD. Population Council, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1999.1000.

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The International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) in Cairo in 1994 was the culmination of months of national and international discussions. The issues had been crafted into a Program of Action, which represented a potential shift in thinking. Delegates left the conference espousing a new paradigm and a broad definition of what people, especially women, should expect from their national health services. Governments were encouraged to recognize that the improved health status of women could only be achieved by a life-cycle approach and that health depended not only on good family planning information and services but on women’s empowerment in all spheres—legal, employment, and education. The course had been set to greatly improve the approach of the family planning and maternal and child health programs. ICPD focused on a holistic approach to health that boosted the dynamic process already underway. This report is mainly based on secondary data collected through extensive review of all policy- and program-related documents published prior to and after ICPD.

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Emergency contraception as an element in the care of rape victims. Population Council, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1997.1013.

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In most states in Mexico, abortion is excluded as a crime in pregnancies resulting from rape. However, legislation does not specify the norms by which women can obtain a legal abortion, which makes it difficult to choose this alternative. A partial solution to unwanted pregnancies from rape would be to provide emergency contraception (EC). Psychologists were trained to provide information on EC to women who reported a rape at four public ministry agencies specialized in sexual crime. In addition, 11 medical backup referral centers were established. To scale up the strategy, workshops were provided to representatives from State Attorney General Offices and NGOs. The project’s main objective was to test the use of EC as an element in the care of rape victims in Mexico City. As noted in this report, objectives included testing the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of providing information on EC to rape victims, and scaling up the strategy for providing EC as an element in the care of rape victims among Attorney General Offices of the different states of Mexico.

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Understanding induced abortion: Findings from a programme of research in Rajasthan, India. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh17.1013.

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In India, abortion has been legal for over 30 years, following the enactment of the Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act in 1971. While the MTP Act permits abortion for a broad range of social and medical reasons, it also includes provisions regarding delivery of services that have proved to constrain access to safe and legal abortion for the great majority of women in India. Due in part to these constraints, up to 90 percent of the six million induced abortions estimated to occur annually in India are illegal—provided in uncertified settings and/or by uncertified providers. Many are unsafe and result in significant morbidity and mortality. The situation is particularly poor in the less-developed states of north India, including Rajasthan. Thus, Rajasthan is among the states in India where increased access to safe abortion services is most needed. The Population Council, in partnership with the Centre for Operations Research and Training and Ibtada, undertook a program of research on unwanted pregnancy and induced abortion in six districts of Rajasthan. The program aimed to provide comprehensive data on abortion to guide future programs and policies. Findings from three studies conducted from 2001 to 2002 are detailed in this brief.

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South Asia: Clarify goals and expand the reach of anti-trafficking programs. Frontiers in Reproductive Health, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh2002.1014.

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Each year, a significant number of adults and children become victims of human trafficking—forced transportation within or across country borders for exploitation in the form of forced sex, labor, or other services unwillingly given. In September 2001, the Population Council collaborated with the Program for Appropriate Technology in Health and the United Nations Development Fund for Women to conduct a consultative meeting on antitrafficking programs in South Asia. About 50 participants from national and international human rights and antitrafficking organizations attended the three-day meeting, held in Kathmandu, Nepal. The meeting had three objectives: clarifying the definition of trafficking; describing the strengths and weaknesses of legal and programmatic approaches to combat trafficking in the region; and identifying methods and indicators for evaluating and improving antitrafficking interventions. As this brief states, laws to eliminate human trafficking in South Asia should uphold international covenants and human rights standards to ensure that both citizens and noncitizens receive humane treatment. Programs to oppose trafficking should develop clear objectives and indicators to demonstrate success and point out directions for future operations.

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