Bibliografias temáticas / Women in rural development

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Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Women in rural development"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021

Última modificação: 29 de julho de 2024

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Women in rural development"

Ch.Pavani, Ch Pavani, e V. Chandrika V.Chandrika. "Rural Women Empowerment and Development". Global Journal For Research Analysis 3, n.º 8 (15 de junho de 2012): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778160/august2014/89.

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Dr. M.Srinivas, Dr M. Srinivas, e D. Rajya lakshmi. "Development of Rural Women Entreprenuership in Andhra Pradesh". Global Journal For Research Analysis 3, n.º 8 (15 de junho de 2012): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778160/august2014/105.

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Entwistle, Evelyn R. "Rural Women and Economic Development". Pacific Viewpoint 26, n.º 2 (maio de 1985): 437–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apv.262003.

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Evans, Janis E. "Rural Women in Struggle". Community Development Journal 22, n.º 2 (1987): 167–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdj/22.2.167.

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Khan, Sania. "Analyzing the career development barriers faced by rural women in India". Problems and Perspectives in Management 20, n.º 1 (28 de janeiro de 2022): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.20(1).2022.13.

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In India, one of the most populous countries in the world, women make up approximately half of the country’s population. While most of Indian women hold the highest educational degrees and enter the workforce almost in every sector, rural women are lagging behind in their career development. The study was aimed at investigating the factors that inhibit and challenge rural women to progress in their career development. The study was conducted in two folds of data collection. The first fold is qualitative data using interviews with 10 rural women and their analysis using thematic analysis, and the second fold is quantitative research and data collection from 148 rural women using a semi-structured survey questionnaire based on the identified themes and analyzed using SPSS. The findings of the study illustrated various barriers related to personal, social, family, economic, and infrastructure issues. Respondents spoke about several challenges they face with not having support to continue their higher studies. Eighty-five percent of rural women demonstrated they are suppressed in society due to gender stereotypes and are predominantly overburdened with family responsibilities. Furthermore, the study recommends significant implications for Indian women and the government from a global perspective.

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Sidhu, Kiranjot, e Sukhjeet Kaur. "Development of Entrepreneurship among Rural Women". Journal of Social Sciences 13, n.º 2 (setembro de 2006): 147–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09718923.2006.11892543.

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Urben, Ruth. "Women and rural development in China". Journal of Rural Studies 3, n.º 1 (janeiro de 1987): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0743-0167(87)90021-0.

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Rahman, Mushtaqur. "Women and rural development in Pakistan". Journal of Rural Studies 3, n.º 3 (janeiro de 1987): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0743-0167(87)90073-8.

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Kaur, Malkit, e M. L. Sharma. "Role of women in rural development". Journal of Rural Studies 7, n.º 1-2 (janeiro de 1991): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0743-0167(91)90033-o.

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Mfono, Z. N. "Women in rural development in Venda". Development Southern Africa 6, n.º 4 (novembro de 1989): 495–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03768358908439490.

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Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Women in rural development"

Furat, Mina. "Rural Development And Women". Phd thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615576/index.pdf.

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This Dissertation analyzes the conditions, problems and potential of rural women&rsquo
s empowerment through a sample of rural women&rsquo
s organizations (two women&rsquo
s cooperative, seven rural development cooperative and one village women associaton) with interpreting DAWN iniative and GAD approach with a socialist feminist perspective. In this study, it is stated that the agricultural sector policies and rural development policy were constructed in relation with the conditions of underdevelopment and thus, in relation with the agreements with IMF, WTO and IPARD Programme of EU which enforced the decreasing of agricultural sector subsidies. It is notable that these policies are formulated with an aim of increasing the influence and significance of capitalist relations in agricultural sector and rural areas without taking precautions for the survival of small sized farming households in rural areas. Despite these general influences of underdevelopment to Turkish Agricultural Sector and patriarchal gender assumptions, these women&rsquo
s organizations could be successful to some extent empowering their members with the recognized dimensions of empowerment such as
psychological, economical, social, organizational and political. All these dimensions are interrelated with each other. In this study, it was observed that while economic empowerment and psychological empowerment is the base of all other dimensions of empowerment, social empowerment and organizational empowerment are the most dynamic processes of empowerment and political empowerment is hardest dimension or outcome to achieve.

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Klenk, Rebecca Marshall. "Educating activists : gender, modernity, and development in north India /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6479.

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Gills, Dong-Sook Shin. "The forgotten workers : rural women in Korean development". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419779.

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Halim, Sadeka. "Rural development programmes : their impact on women : a Bangladesh study". Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61071.

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Rural development is a serious problem in Bangladesh, and so is the situation of women. This thesis assesses the programmes offered by a particular non-governmental organization, the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC), which simultaneously promote rural development and improve the status of women. This assessment is achieved by examining the functioning and impact of these programmes in a single village. The study is exploratory and uses qualitative methods, employing principally unstructured but in-depth interviews. Results indicate that most village women were aware of the need for improvement in the position of women, but interest, and thus active participation, was greater among those who were widowed or divorced. For these women, the programmes did succeed in raising their income through better technical knowledge, and in some ways improved their position in the family and society. They did not, however, succeed in raising their administrative knowledge, confining them to "women's only" projects, and did little to increase political empowerment.

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Irenaeus, Ellen. "Empowerment of women- a strategic tool in rural development : Case study at the Barli Development Institute for Rural Women, Madhya Pradesh, India". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-158829.

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Sansak, Avorn. "Empowering women in rural development : a collaborative action research project in Northern Thailand /". View thesis View thesis, 1996. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030520.111031/index.html.

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Sansak, Avorn. "Empowering women in rural development : a collaborative action research project in northern Thailand". Thesis, View thesis View thesis, 1996. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/722.

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The development policy and plans of the Thai government have emphasized economic growth aimed at 'modernising' the country, enacted through agricultural modernisation and industrialisation under the name 'rural development'. Women In Development (WID) approaches based on the modernisation model have been added to 'development' plans more recently. Examination of the effects of these WID programmes upon rural women demonstrates that poor women are disempowered by the 'top-down' rural development programmes. This study is an attempt to test collaborative action research (CAR) as a methodology to empower rural women to become the decision makers in the rural development process. CAR was carried out in Sandee Village, northern Thailand. This suggests that rural women can be empowered through continuous cycles of the collaborative learning process of planning, acting, observing and critical reflection with the researcher acting as a facilitator. Through this learning process, rural women have increased their capacity to make choices, to deal with existing constraints and to create changes. In this respect 'development' can be initiated from within.

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Abdel, Rahman Soheir M. "Development intervention and women's participation : a case study in rural Egypt /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9809671.

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Wong, Chau Ying. "Participation and empowerment : an ethnography of Miao women in rural China /". View Abstract or Full-Text, 2003. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?SOSC%202003%20WONG.

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Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 130-134). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.

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Sansak, Avorn, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, Faculty of Agriculture and Horticulture e School of Agriculture and Rural Development. "Empowering women in rural development : a collaborative action research project in northern Thailand". THESIS_FAH_ARD_Sansak_A.xml, 1996. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/722.

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Mais fontes

Livros sobre o assunto "Women in rural development"

1929-, Andersson Lennart, Blom Thomas e King Baudouin Foundation, eds. Sustainable development: Women and rural development. [Belgium]: King Baudouin Foundation, 1994.

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Agrawal, Binod C. Women, television, and rural development. New Delhi: National, 1988.

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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, ed. Women in agriculture & rural development. New Delhi: New India Pub. Agency, 2009.

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Narayan, S. Rural development through women programme. New Delhi, India: Inter-India Publications, 1988.

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Kaur, Rajinder. Development programme for rural women. Allahabad: Vohra Publishers & Distributors, 1992.

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Sabrina, Rahman Yasmeen, Agricultural Research Project-II (Supplement), Bāṃlādeśa Kr̥shi Gabeshaṇā Kāunsila e United States. AID Mission to Bangladesh., eds. Women in rural development: Bangladesh. Dhaka: Agricultural Research Project-II (Supplement), BARC, and USAID, 1990.

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India, Anthropological Survey of, ed. Women, poverty and rural development: Study on women in rural India. Kolkata: Anthropological Survey of India, Govt. of India, 2011.

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Schneider, Regina Maria. Women and rural development: Guiding principles. Eschborn: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit, 1991.

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International Fund for Agricultural Development., ed. Women: The roots of rural development. Rome, Italy: IFAD, 1989.

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Lalitha, N. Rural women empowerment and development banking. New Delhi: Kanishka Publishers, Distributors, 1997.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Women in rural development"

Sulaja, O. R., e S. Smitha. "Empowerment Rural Women Collectives". In Engendering Agricultural Development Dimensions and Strategies, 299–307. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003350002-24.

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Furst, Maurizio. "Women and Rural Agricultural Development". In Encyclopedia of Food and Agricultural Ethics, 1–7. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6167-4_616-1.

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Jazairy, Idriss, Mohiuddin Alamgir e Theresa Panuccio. "8. Rural women in development". In The State of World Rural Poverty, 273–304. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780446035.008.

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Furst, Maurizio. "Women and Rural Agricultural Development". In Encyclopedia of Food and Agricultural Ethics, 2475–80. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1179-9_616.

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Gills, Dong-Sook Shin. "Rural Women and Power Relations". In Rural Women and Triple Exploitation in Korean Development, 196–207. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780333983324_11.

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Wetzel, Janice Wood. "Rural Women, Mental Health and Economic Development". In The World of Women, 129–51. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22366-4_8.

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Dergousoff, Deborah. "Rural Women’s Encounters with Economic Development in Kyrgyzstan". In Women of Asia, 415–23. New York, NY: Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315458458-31.

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Schuler, Sidney Ruth, Syed M. Hashemi e Shamsul Huda Badal. "7. Men’s violence against women in rural Bangladesh: undermined or exacerbated by microcredit programmes?" In Development with Women, 112–26. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxfam Publishing, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9780855987022.007.

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Gills, Dong-Sook Shin. "Globalisation and Rural Poverty". In Rural Women and Triple Exploitation in Korean Development, 60–83. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780333983324_5.

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Apusigah, Agnes Atia, e Florence Naah Bamora. "Women and Community Development in Rural Africa". In The Palgrave Handbook of African Women's Studies, 1–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77030-7_112-1.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Women in rural development"

DANILOWSKA, Alina. "WOMEN PARTICIPATION IN LOCAL AUTHORITIES MANAGEMENT IN RURAL AREAS IN POLAND". In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.246.

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The aim of the paper is to evaluate the scope and determinants of women participation in basic local authorities in rural areas in Poland. In the paper the detailed analysis on the problem were carried out on 5% of women and 5% of men headed rural gminas. The analysis showed that the women participation in top positions in governing bodies of local communities in Poland is low. It indicates the existence of the severe problem with women promotion to the top positions in decision bodies in politics. The luck of differences in women role betwee rural and urban communities is a very interesting result. Gminas managed by women are rather smaller than gminas administered by men. In many gminas the position of women at the village level is higher than at gmina level. The findings suggest the connection between activity of women at village level and women position as mayor. Moreover, the investigation showed that in rural gminas women prevail in important back-office positions like main secretary of the gmina office and chief aaccountant. So, women are familiar with their gminas problems, are involved in management of them but they don’t apply for top positions. It seems that the concept of labyrinth can be applicable to the situation of women in decision making bodies in rural areas in Poland.

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SZAFRAŃSKA, Monika, e Renata MATYSIK-PEJAS. "ATTITUDES OF ACADEMIC YOUTH TOWARDS THE WELFARE OF FARMED ANIMALS IN POLAND". In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.188.

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The development of agriculture and rural areas depends on a large extent on the level of society’s awareness on agriculture. One of the areas of agricultural awareness of citizens is their attitude towards the welfare of farmed animals. The findings of many studies indicate that the level of social awareness in Poland in this area is low, especially among young people. The aim of the study is to determine the attitudes of Polish academic youth towards the welfare of farmed animals and pinpoint selected factors determining this level. The main source of the data used for the analyses and applications was the primary information obtained from personal research. The research was done in 2016 by using PAPI method on the group of 450 people. The statistical analysis of the studied material encompassed aggregate statistical indicators as well as the non-parametric test „chi square” (χ2). Apart from the primary sources they also used secondary sources which encompassed both domestic as well as foreign literature. According to the conducted study, the majority of the participants had an average level of farmed animal welfare awareness (55%). One in three respondents had a low level of farmed animal welfare awareness, and the remaining group represented the high level. The determining factors were: gender, studied faculty, place of residence, and ownership of agricultural holding by the respondents or their parents. A higher level of farmed animal welfare awareness was characterized by women, students of humanistic faculties, people from rural areas as well as the respondents who didn’t run a farm.

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KOVALČIKIENĖ, Kristina, e Sonata MILUSAUSKIENE. "VOCATIONAL PURPOSEFULNESS OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN RURAL COMMUNITIES: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF SOCIO-ENVIRONMENT FACTORS". In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.136.

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The development of rural businesses and the implementation of innovations in rural areas depends on possibilities to realize individual’s potential, and the opportunities to develop initiative and creativity of young people. The aim of the study was to reveal the significance of socio-environment factors for the vocational decision making of senior pupils from secondary school in rural areas. The factors were analyzed from the viewpoint of senior pupils and members of rural community. The object of the research – the socio-environment factors of vocational purposefulness of young people in rural communities. The research tasks focus on the attitudes of rural community members and young people toward factors that influence the vocational purposefulness of youth in rural areas. Also, the differences between two groups were analyzed. The sample consisted of 280 respondents: 100 secondary school senior pupils (56% girls and 44% boys, the mean age – 16 years) and 180 rural community members (80% women and 20% men, 35 years old in average). Based on the works of researchers in the area of vocational orientation and purposefulness, the questionnaire was compiled. The results revealed that socio-environment factors are important for the purposeful decision making on the vocational choice of youth in rural areas. From the view point of rural community members, the main factors are: family traditions, the profession’s prestige in society, the influence of parents, friends and important others, and family conditions. According to the opinion of senior pupils from secondary school, the important factors are: family conditions and traditions, friends and other important people, as well as profession status in the rural community. Recommendations for development of young people’s vocational purposefulness in rural areas are presented.

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JÄGER, Alexander, Heike KAHR, Tina ORTNER e Renate KRÄNZL-NAGL. "BIOETHANOL FROM STRAW AND ITS PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE". In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.009.

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The consequences of global warming and the need for a reduction in greenhouse gases have led to dramatic changes in the automotive sector. Whereas the use of biofuel increased continuously over the first decade of this century, e-mobility has been deemed.by politicians and the media alike. As the development of the electric car, rechargeable batteries and charging stations are far from being fully explored, biofuels will play an important role as a bridging technology over the next 20 years. The successful use of biofuels requires its widespread acceptance by consumers. To evaluate the public opinion towards biofuels we carried out a representative opinion poll to collect information on the population’s acceptance of biofuels. The result indicates that there is a lack of interest and information about biofuels, especially among young people and women. First generation bioethanol is strongly associated with the waste of food, but the acceptance of the second generation, produced from agricultural remnants like straw from wheat or corn, is considerably higher. The interviewees see more transparent, objective and less technical information about biofuels as an essential way to increase the level of information and the acceptance rate. In summary, the introduction of biofuels must be accompanied by information campaigns if biofuels should ever reach larger market shares. The irritations caused by the manipulation of the software on the part of several automobile manufacturers of Diesel engines could pave the way for this. So, future decentralized bioethanol plants could play an important role in biofuel production and contribute to the development of rural areas. In this paper the legal aspects of biofuel usage are described, the State of the art Bioethanol production from lignocellulosic material is described, the production capacity worldwide is calculated and the results from an opinion poll concerning the public acceptance of biofuels are presented.

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"Inhibitors of Entrepreneurship Development Among Rural Women". In March 13-14, 2018 Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia). ERPUB, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/erpub.ed0318105.

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Stawicka, Ewa, e Maria Parlinska. "Female entrepreneurship in rural areas in the aspect of the labor market". In 22nd International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2021”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2021.55.040.

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The article aims to assess the importance of undertaking entrepreneurial initiatives by women in rural areas. Authors review the literature on entrepreneurship and professional activity of women. Initiatives were examined within the framework of the use of aid programs for entrepreneurship. The study begins with a look at the development of entrepreneurship in the context of sustainable rural development. Then, the attitudes of women to undertaking economic activity were traced. The long-term changes concerning education and preparation of women in the professional market were verified. The article ends with reflections on the social and economic importance of undertaking entrepreneurial activities by women in rural areas, as well as finances and support for such initiatives.

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Dokmanović, Mirjana. "On Significance of Strengthening Strategic Framework of Rural Women’s Entrepreneurship in Serbia". In 7th International Scientific Conference ERAZ - Knowledge Based Sustainable Development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eraz.2021.309.

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Despite progress in supporting the economic empowerment of women, the environment in Serbia is still not friendly for female entrepreneurs. This is particularly cased in rural areas, where women face more prominent obstacles such as pronounced gender roles, stereotypes and gender-based property inequalities. This paper aims to indicate the significance of having efficient policies in this area. They are beneficial not only for rural women but also for economic growth, decreasing poverty, holding up the depopulation trend and revival of underdeveloped municipalities. Gender analysis of the relevant strategies (agriculture and rural development, employment, development of digital skills and smart specialization) shows that they are not sufficiently or not at all gender sensitive, and do not address the specific position and vulnerability of rural women. This may be eliminated by using gender analysis and gender impact assessment in the process of designing strategies. Creating a business-friendly environment also needs implementing complementary policies in other sectors, such as fiscal policy, health care, infrastructure and transportation.

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KRIKŠČIŪNAS, Bronislavas. "http://conf.rd.asu.lt/index.php/rd/article/view/63/102". In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.092.

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The aim of this work is to investigate learning motivation peculiarities of rural unemployed people that are unready for labor market. Research object – learning motivation. Research methods: analysis of scientific literature, anonymous questionnaire survey, qualitative and statistic data analysis. Chi square criteria (χ2), significance level p < 0.05 are applied for comparison of results. 76 people unready for labor market in Šakiai region participate in this research: 32 of them are young people under 25 years of age, 18 – returnees from imprisonment, 26 – disabled persons; 36 men and 40 women. Majority of respondents have secondary education, however, only 11.1 % of all returnees from imprisonment are in this group. The researched of all the three groups give preference to the second – modern definition of career. Labor Exchange Office or their own decisions have impact on the respondents mostly. It is worth pointing out that Labor Exchange Office has stronger impact on the disabled (57.7 %) while the youth under 25 tend to decide themselves (53.1 %). Other factors do not have significant influence. The first four learning motives are the most significant to all the three groups of the researched, the least attractive motives are „I am studying for prestige“ and „Random circumstances determined intention to study“. It is unexpected that the motive „I intend to go to further education “is of little importance for the young people. People with disabilities and former prisoners have stronger motivation to learn than unemployed young people under 25 do. Hypothesis is only partly approved – the differences between the groups are not significant and statistically unreliable.

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Kharchenko, Ekaterina V. "The Women – Scientists’ Contribution To The Development Of A Regional Agricultural University". In Conference on Land Economy and Rural Studies Essentials. European Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2022.02.19.

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Bidwell, Nicola J. "Women and the Sustainability of Rural Community Networks in the Global South". In ICTD2020: Information and Communication Technologies and Development. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3392561.3394649.

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Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Women in rural development"

Diprose, Rachael, Amalinda Savirani e Tamas Wells. Gender-inclusive Development and Decentralised Governance: Promoting Women’s Voice and Influence through Collective Action in Rural Indonesia. University of Melbourne with Universitas Gadjah Mada and MAMPU, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46580/124335.

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This peer-reviewed research and policy paper draws on analysis of how women influence decision making in Indonesia's multi-level governance structure under the new Village Law in Indonesia. The analysis identifies the ways that women, through different causal processes, influence development priorities, spending, projects, policies and policy actors, as well as social norms in communities. The analysis draws from a large, qualitative comparative study conducted in different places throughout Indonesia, providing an analytical framework for understanding variation in social and politico-economic contexts in terms of the constraints and opportunities for gender inclusion and women's empowerment. The research also explains variations in the processes by which women exercise voice and influence in these differing contexts, providing considerations for policy makers and others concerned with gender inclusion, women's empowerment and everyday wellbeing.

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Diprose, Rachael, Amalinda Savirani, Annisa Sabrina Hartoto e Ken M. P. Setiawan. Pathways of Change through Women’s Collective Action: How Women are Overcoming Barriers and Bucking Trends to Influence Rural Development in Indonesia. University of Melbourne with Universitas Gadjah Mada and MAMPU, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46580/124329.

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This overview to the edited volume is structured to briefly explore the following key points that emerge in the case analysis of how women’s collective action has created changes for both women’s well-being and the implementation of the Village Law, as well as how such change has been supported by a wide range of CSOs across different contexts and sectors. First, we identify variation in the diversity of priorities and initiatives that villages have introduced as a result of women’s influence on the implementation of the Law. Such initiatives go beyond infrastructure and economic development projects (although women have also prioritised these kinds of initiatives) and traverse multiple sectoral issues in seeking to address challenges for villagers, particularly women, through village development. Second, we identify the different types of changes that are evident in the case studies that have implications for women’s everyday wellbeing, as well as their influence on structures of power, decision making and village development at the individual and institutional levels, and in broader contexts. Third, we discuss how changes have come about for rural village women and what factors have contributed to the changes that are illustrated through the case studies. This includes a discussion of how context dynamics constrain or enable women’s influence, variation in core challenges (or sectoral issues) for women, and how collective action has contributed to forging these changes as is illustrated by the case studies. Fourth, we explore the temporal dimensions of change. And finally, we explore some of the pathways by which such changes have occurred in the research areas, that being different contexts.

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Idei, Rika, Kiyoshi Taniguchi e Zulfiya Bakhtibekova. Challenges to Women’s Economic Empowerment in Rural Tajikistan: A Study from Road Projects. Asian Development Bank, setembro de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/brf230349-2.

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This brief analyzes ways to economically empower women in rural Tajikistan and highlights how better integrating measures into the development of critical transport infrastructure projects can help narrow the substantial gender gap. It assesses why Tajik women’s educational attainment is lower, shows how they are under-represented in the job market, and explains the challenges posed by deep-rooted intrafamilial hierarchies. Drawing on survey results, it shows how women benefitted from ADB transport projects that included empowerment activities and explains why understanding cultural norms and providing help to start businesses can boost women’s socioeconomic capacity.

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Diprose, Rachael, Amalinda Savirani, Ken M. P. Setiawan e Naomi Francis. Women’s Collective Action and the Village Law: How Women are Driving Change and Shaping Pathways for Gender-inclusive Development in Rural Indonesia. University of Melbourne with Universitas Gadjah Mada and MAMPU, setembro de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46580/124326.

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This study on Women’s Collective Action and the Village Law seeks to understand in what contexts, to what extent and through what mechanisms has local collective action by women influenced the implementation of the Village Law. And, what has been the role for CSOs in this process. The study draws on research conducted in nine provinces, 12 districts, and 14 villages—from Sumatra, to Java, to Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and East and West Nusa Tenggara.

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Haider, Huma. Political Empowerment of Women, Girls and LGBTQ+ People: Post-conflict Opportunities. Institute of Development Studies, junho de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.108.

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The instability and upheaval of violent conflict can break down patriarchal structures, challenge traditional gender norms and open up new roles and spaces for collective agency of women, sexual and gender minorities (SGM), and other marginalised groups (Yadav, 2021; Myrittinen & Daigle, 2017). A recent study on the gendered implications of civil war finds that countries recovering from ‘major civil war’ experience substantial improvements in women’s civil liberties and political participation—complementary aspects of political empowerment (Bakken & Bahaug, 2020). This rapid literature review explores the openings that conflict and post-conflict settings can create for the development of political empowerment of women and LGBTQ+ communities—as well as challenges. Drawing primarily on a range of academic, non-governmental organisation (NGO), and practitioner literature, it explores conflict-affected settings from around the world. There was limited literature available on experience from Ukraine (which was of interest for this report); and on specific opportunities at the level of local administrations. In addition, the available literature on empowerment of LGBTQ+ communities was much less than that available for women’s empowerment. The literature also focused on women, with an absence of information on girls. It is important to note that while much of the literature speaks to women in society as a whole, there are various intersectionalities (e.g. class, race, ethnicity, religion, age, disability, rural/urban etc.) that can produce varying treatment and degrees of empowerment of women. Several examples are noted within the report.

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Niño Eslava, Daniel, e Karine Gatellier. Collective Action to Support Family Farming in Colombia. Institute of Development Studies, novembro de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/core.2022.013.

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The Covid-19 pandemic has hit small- scale farmers, particularly women, very hard in Latin America. RIMISP – Latin American Center for Rural Development – has been conducting participatory research to mitigate the impact of Covid-19 on smallholder farmers in the department of Huila, in Colombia. The team has been working closely with the Secretariat of Agriculture and Mining of the Government of Huila to set up a Rural Dialogue Group to promote discussion on the project’s findings with local stakeholders. These discussions are helping to shape the local government’s agenda around these issues. The research team is also strengthening the capacity of small producer organisations to better access public programmes.

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Robinson, Andy. Monitoring and Evaluation for Rural Sanitation and Hygiene: Framework. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), dezembro de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2021.027.

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The monitoring and evaluation (M&E) Guidelines and Framework presented in this document (and in the accompanying M&E Indicator Framework) aim to encourage stakeholders in the rural sanitation and hygiene sector to take a more comprehensive, comparable and people focused approach to monitoring and evaluation. Many M&E frameworks currently reflect the interests and ambitions of particular implementing agencies – that is, community-led total sanitation (CLTS) interventions focused on open-defecation free (ODF) outcomes in triggered communities; market-based sanitation interventions focused on the number of products sold and whether sanitation businesses were profitable; and sanitation finance interventions reporting the number of facilities built using financial support. Few M&E frameworks have been designed to examine the overall sanitation and hygiene situation – to assess how interventions have affected sanitation and hygiene outcomes across an entire area (rather than just in specific target communities); to look at who (from the overall population) benefitted from the intervention, and who did not; to report on the level and quality of service used; or examine whether public health has improved. Since 2015, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have extended and deepened the international monitoring requirements for sanitation and hygiene. The 2030 SDG sanitation target 6.2 includes requirements to: • Achieve access to adequate sanitation and hygiene for all • Achieve access to equitable sanitation and hygiene for all • End open defecation • Pay special attention to the needs of women and girls • Pay special attention to those in vulnerable situations The 2030 SDG sanitation target calls for universal use of basic sanitation services, and for the elimination of open defecation, both of which require M&E systems that cover entire administration areas (i.e. every person and community within a district) and which are able to identify people and groups that lack services, or continue unsafe practices. Fortunately, the SDG requirements are well aligned with the sector trend towards system strengthening, in recognition that governments are responsible both for the provision of sustainable services and for monitoring the achievement of sustained outcomes. This document provides guidelines on the monitoring and evaluation of rural sanitation and hygiene, and presents an M&E framework that outlines core elements and features for reporting on progress towards the 2030 SDG sanitation target (and related national goals and targets for rural sanitation and hygiene), while also encouraging learning and accountability. Given wide variations in the ambition, capacity and resources available for monitoring and evaluation, it is apparent that not all of the M&E processes and indicators described will be appropriate for all stakeholders. The intention is to provide guidelines and details on useful and progressive approaches to monitoring rural sanitation and hygiene, from which a range of rural sanitation and hygiene duty bearers and practitioners – including governments, implementation agencies, development partners and service providers – can select and use those most appropriate to their needs. Eventually, it is hoped that all of the more progressive M&E elements and features will become standard, and be incorporated in all sector monitoring systems.

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