Teses / dissertações: "Women in Iran. Women, Mohammedan"

1

Latif, Nazia. "Women, Islam and human rights". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/444.

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This thesis explores the position of women in contemporary Muslim societies. It examines whether restrictions placed on them are the result of Islamic edicts and how human rights documents address those restrictions. It looks at the position of women in the areas of family law, political and legal participation and veiling with particular reference to Pakistan and Iran. The thesis begins by exploring how Islamic scripture is used tn endorse opposing views of women. On the one hand is a body of literature, generally termed as conservative, that sees women as intellectually weak and in constant need of male guidance. I argue that this literature is actually based on an inconsistent approach to Islamic sources and show how Muslim women are using alternative, exegetical works and rulings from orthodox and contemporary scholars with classical training as a source of empowerment. Based on the findings of the case studies it is argued that human rights standards, embodied in the International Bill of Human Rights, overlook many aspects of Muslim women's suffering and in particular how their socio-economic status affects their ability to escape abuse suffered at the hands of private, non-state actors. I then contend that both Muslims and human rights advocates must begin by acknowledging that they have failed the plight of Muslim women. Muslims by acting on conservative arguments and human rights advocates by overlooking the reality of women's lives. I argue that both Islam and human rights can work together to empower women but firstly human rights advocates need to take on board the different criticisms levelled at their theory. Muslims also must endeavour to prove the authenticity of their challenges to conservative understandings of Islamic sources by educating at grassroots level and by taking on the task of Islamic scholarship through established centres of Islamic learning.

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2

Birjandifar, Nazak. "Royal women and politics in Safavid Iran". Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98540.

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This thesis is a study of two major figures among the royal Safavid women in the sixteenth century, with a special focus on their political activities and style of leadership. I examine the socio-political careers of Pari Khan Khanum (955-985/1548-1578) and Mahd-i 'Ulya (d.987/1579) in connection with family and dynastic politics as well as the power struggle and factionalism among the qizilbash tribes. A detailed analysis of these powerful female political figures of the Safavid court leads one to conclude that first, royal women faced particularly complex social and personal restrictions, but nonetheless some managed - through their privileged status as upper-class women with access to education, wealth, and social and family networks - to advance their careers in politics. Second, these women were subject to the political rules and games of their time but faced additional impediments, for they competed with other women such as co-wives, sisters-in-law and others for social recognition and influence, at times leading to the ruthless elimination of female and male rivals. Third, Safavid women came to play an active role in shaping central political decisions and the succession of sovereigns. This reflects not merely gendered semi-nomadic Turcoman roles but also urban Iranian-Islamic transitional traditions which are comparable to Ottoman and 'Abbasid counterparts.

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3

Javadi, Motlagh Parvindokht. "Women in political discourses of twentieth century Iran". Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396768.

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4

Derayeh, Minoo. "High hopes and broken promises : common and diverse concerns of Iranian women for gender equality in education and employment". Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38478.

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The changes that affected Iranian women's lives after the coming of Islam in the seventh century were similar to the changes that occurred in their lives after the Islamic Revolution of 1979. In both cases these changes were largely wrought by men.
Iranian women have been actively involved and have participated fully in diverse religious, political, and social contexts since the eighteenth century, but frequently without due acknowledgment. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries the belief that education was a pillar of freedom began to gain popularity among Iranian women. The efforts of women to secure an equal place with men in the nation's educational institutions received support from a number of women writers and poets in the form of protests and petitions. It was through this process that Iranian women learned the importance of education in freeing them from patriarchal bondage. The twentieth century, however, witnessed the destruction of most of Iranian women's hopes and quests. Different Iranian governments enacted a series of important laws and regulations touching on "women's issues." Most of the time, however, these governments failed to consider the voices, positions and demands of women concerning these "issues."
In the last two decades, under the Islamic Republic, male authority figures continue to determine women's rights, identity, education, employment, and so on. Changes which affected the status of Iranian women came in the form of different religious decrees and laws that were justified by the argument that they all complied with the Quran and the hadiths.
Iranian women have refused to abandon their quests for an improved or even equal status. Among these women, there are those who still believe that equality can be achieved under the Islamic Republic. Women such as Rahnavard and Gorgi are relying on a "dynamic jurisprudence" that would lead to "Islamic justice." There are also other women who argue that in order to bring about true social justice, women's oppression and subordination in any form must be eliminated. They find such injustice ingrained in the existing culture. Women such as Kaar and Ebadi are making women and those in power aware of the need to achieve a "civil society," based on "social justice" through the process of "revealing the law." This group is hoping that a gradual cultural revolution brought about by women will lead to the establishment of "such justice."

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5

Kamalkhani, Zahra. "Women's islam : religious practice among women in today's Iran /". London ; New York : Kegan Paul international, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37530830z.

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6

Mehdizadeh, Narjes, e Gill Scott. "Educating women in the labour market of Iran: Changing Worlds and new solutions". Springer, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5850.

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7

Saeidi, Shirin. "Hero of her own story : gender and state formation in contemporary Iran". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610745.

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8

Tizro, Zahra. "The archaeology of experience of domestic violence against women in Iran". Thesis, University of York, 2006. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/11028/.

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9

Mozafari, Parmis. "Negotiating a position : women musicians and dancers in post-revolution Iran". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2011. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/21127/.

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This research examines the changes in conditions of music and dance after the 1979 revolution in Iran. My focus is the restrictions imposed on women instrumentalists, dancers and singers and the ways that have confronted them. I study the social, religious, and political factors that cause restrictive attitudes towards female performers. I pay particular attention to changes in some specific musical genres and the attitudes of the government officials towards them in pre and post-revolution Iran. I have tried to demonstrate the emotional and professional effects of post-revolution boundaries on female musicians and dancers. Chapter one of this thesis is a historical overview of the position of female performers in pre-modern and contemporary Iran. Thenext chapter examines the socio-political changes in post-revolution Iran and the impacts of the event on musical atmosphere of the country. The focus of this chapter is on female instrumentalists. There are two other chapters with focus on female singers and female dancers. Each of these chapters is followed by a case study to examine the post-revolution changes more precisely.

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10

Walker, Parker Sharon LaVon. "Embodied Exile: Contemporary Iranian Women Artists and the Politics of Place". Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1432%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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11

Al-Qaiwani, Sara. "Nationalism, revolution and feminism : women in Egypt and Iran from 1880-1980". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2015. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3212/.

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The rise of women’s rights movements in the Middle East has a long, varied, and complex historical trajectory, which makes it a challenging area of comparative study. This thesis explores the development of notions of cultural authenticity and womanhood, and how women struck bargains with men around such notions, by looking at the rise of women’s rights discourses and movements in Egypt and Iran from 1880 to 1980. More specifically, it investigates how changing notions of ‘cultural authenticity’ and ‘womanhood’ affected the relationship between ‘nationalism’ and ‘feminism’, women’s relationship with modernizing states, and ‘female activism’ within revolutionary and Islamist opposition movements. 1880 was chosen as the starting period of this study to assess the modernist and nationalist debates of the late 19th century, which incorporated new women’s rights discourses in both cases. 1980 was chosen as an end point as the Iran'Iraq war, and the advent of ‘Islamic feminism’ debates over the next decades in both Iran and Egypt, introduced new factors and issues, which would not have been possible to assess properly within the scope of this study. The two countries were selected not only for their political significance, but because of key differences, particularly in terms of dominant language and religion, to help challenge generalizations about ‘Arab versus non'Arab culture’, and notions of a monolithic ‘Islam’, ‘Muslim culture’, and/or the Middle East. Differences between regional cases need to be highlighted to avoid generalizations and simplified readings of women’s histories. This thesis places its original contributions within existing historiography on women’s movements in Iran and Egypt, contributing to the wider debates on women’s histories and ‘feminisms’ in the Middle East. Its arguments contribute to existing historiography on women and nationalism, women and revolution, and women and the state in Iran, Egypt, and wider studies on Middle Eastern women’s histories.

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12

Daryani, Achraf. "Diet and Metabolic Risk Factors in Immigrant Women from the Middle East and Swedish-Born Women : A Cross-Sectional Study of Women from Iran, Turkey and Sweden". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7103.

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13

Salehi, Asiyeh. "The Role of Social Capital in Shaping the Wellbeing and Lifestyle Behaviours of Young Iranian Women". Thesis, Griffith University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366435.

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The benefits of social capital, in particular its relationship with population health, have only recently received research attention. The concept of social capital signifies a community’s potential for cooperative action to address local problems and provide support for members in times of need. It embraces all the social, collective, economic, and cultural resources to which a community has access. Creating and enhancing supportive physical and social environments and expanding community resources could impact health and wellbeing directly by increasing individuals’ capacities to support one another in all aspects of their lives. There is a growing understanding of the detrimental relationship between social exclusion, health and wellbeing. However, evidence shows that the relationship differs between genders, particularly in countries like Iran, where social systems mean that women may experience reduced opportunities. Much of the research on social capital and wellbeing has been undertaken in western industrialised nations. There has been limited research on the role of social capital in transitional societies such as Muslim countries. In such countries, there has been very limited research into the potential role of social capital for improving health and wellbeing for specific populations such as young women. Hence, this research aims to provide an integrative view on social capital at both the individual and the societal level, and explore its relationship with the wellbeing and lifestyle behaviours of young Iranian women.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Medical Science
Griffith Health
Full Text

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14

Elliyoon, Arezou, e University of Lethbridge Faculty of Management. "Work-family interface in Iranian women : the roles of religiosity and gender-role ideology / Arezou Elliyoon". Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Management, 2010, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/2603.

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This research assessed the effect of religious orientation on experiences of Iranian women in balancing their work and family roles. Based on the proposed relationships among main variables of this study which are religiosity, gender-role ideology, work-family conflict and work-family facilitation, it was also hypothesized that gender-role ideology would mediate the relationships between religiosity and work-family conflict/facilitation. The participants of this study were 221 Iranian female employees working in the Wood and Glue Industry. The results supported some of the developed hypotheses. For instance, they showed that women with stronger religious beliefs felt the extra time spent on work responsibilities would have been better devoted to family roles. Further, the women who indicated that the role of religion is highly significant in their lives experienced less conflict between the behaviors performed at home and those performed at work. The results did not support the hypothesized mediating role of gender-role ideology.
viii, 89 leaves ; 29 cm

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15

Aghtaie, Nadia. "Perspectives of Iranina students to violence against women in Iran and the UK". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.549448.

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16

Keshavarz, Homa. "Cervical pathology and infection in nomadic and non-nomadic women in southern Iran". Thesis, Open University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395257.

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17

Pakpour, Padideh. "Identity Construction : The Case of Young Women in Rasht". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik och filologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-259613.

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This study took place in the city of Rasht, which is the capital of Gilan Province, situated in North-Western Iran. The aim has been to investigate how a group of young Rashti women constitute their identities through their talk-in-interaction, and how they relate to the concept of Rashti, be it the dialect, people living in a geographical area, or a notion of collective characteristics. The participants constitute their identities by using different social categories to position and categorise themselves and contrast themselves with others. In positioning and categorising they use various discursive means, such as code-switching, active voicing, and extreme-case formulations. Moreover, the social categories also overlap and work together when the participants negotiate and re-negotiate their identities, making an intersectional approach highly relevant. The methods used in this study are of a qualitative nature and belong in the third wave of sociolinguistics (Eckert 2012). The analysed data consists primarily of staged conversations, whereas participant observation, field notes, and natural conversations have been used to help the researcher in understanding the field. The study adopts an emic or participants’ perspective through the use of membership categorisation analysis and conversation analysis, but also within a theoretical intersectionality framework. In many of the conversations, the culture of Rasht and Gilan is a re-emerging theme, and it is contrasted with that of the rest of the country. Gender norms and gender roles are very central to the study, as these young women describe themselves as much freer and less controlled than women in other parts of the country. Gender is made relevant when the participants discuss how the local traditions surpass both national (religious) laws and social codes in other places. The Rashti and Gilaki language varieties also play a role in the constructing of the Rashti identity of the participants. There is, however, a discrepancy between the participants’ values vis-à-vis Rashti and Gilaki as a dialect or a language, and how they value being a Rashti as well as the Rashti and Gilaki culture. In the majority of conversations the participants express a highly positive opinion regarding their Rashti identity, while at the same time the Rashti and Gilaki language varieties are mostly valued in very negative ways.

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18

Taghvatalab, Sara. "Essays on Women's Empowerment and Economic Development in Iran". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82235.

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This dissertation consists of three essays on women empowerment in Iran. In the first two chapters, we examine the impact of the rapid expansion of electricity to rural areas of Iran after the 1979 revolution on two important determinants of women's empowerment, fertility and female literacy. We use the timing of provision of electricity to villages to identify its impact on the child-woman ratio and the literacy rate of adult women and men. We use difference-in-differences (DID) method as well as instrumental variables (IV) to account for the potential endogeneity of electrification. Our findings for the impact of electricity on fertility is highly sensitive to the method of identification. The DID results imply that electrification lowers fertility whereas the IV estimates suggest the opposite. The results on literacy are consistent across estimation methods, both showing that electrification increases female literacy. In the third chapter, we focus on the role of education in the empowerment of women. The positive effects of education on female empowerment through lower fertility and greater labor force participation are well known. Female empowerment is also closely identified with greater participation in market work and access to an independent source of income. In the past two decades Iranian women have increased their education, lowered their fertility, but their labor force participation remains low. In this chapter we examine the role of education in the empowerment of Iranian women through their allocation of time between domestic work, child education, and market work. We find evidence that more educated women spend more time in market related activities and child education, but less in domestic work. The behavior of women in time allocation to market work and childcare exhibits similar patterns and both are quite different from house or domestic work. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that education empowers women by increasing their ability to earn more income as well as through their ability to invest in the education of their children.
Ph. D.

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19

Bethea, Caroline. "An analysis of the impact of the Islamic revolution in Iran on Iranian women". FIU Digital Commons, 1994. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1668.

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This study compares the status of women under the secular government of the Pahlavi Dynasty with the Islamic Republic of Iran. It relies on Hisham Sharabi's theory of neopatriarchal society and Fatima Mernissi's psychological analysis of the dynamics of gender relations in Islam. Both the Pahlavi dynasty and the Islamic regime promoted a perception of women's rights which were conducive to the ideologies of secularism and Islamism. Both regimes, however, worked within the framework of a patriarchal society by instituting policies that were misogynous in nature. This study found that the majority of Iran's female population was not greatly affected by the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty and the subsequent implementation of the Islamic regime. The basis of this argument lies in the fact that despite the contrasting ideologies of both governments, where women's issues are concerned, the patriarchal social structure remained virtually intact.

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20

Velayati, Masoumeh. "Female rural-urban migration of Azari women in Iran : the case study of Tabriz". Thesis, University of York, 2003. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9860/.

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21

Modlin, Jessie. "Analyzing the Discourse: How Khomeini and Khamenei Shape the Role of Women in Iran". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/941.

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22

Francis-Dehqani, Gulnar Eleanor. "Religious feminism in an age of empire : CMS women missionaries in Iran, 1869-1934". Thesis, University of Bristol, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/5d1e6911-e7e7-4393-bb43-f287f2f61ac9.

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23

Tehrani-Ami, Behnaz. "The "invisible" entrepreneurs : women's home-based economic activities in Tehran, Iran". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0031/MQ64201.pdf.

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24

Fassaei, S. S. "Women and crime in Iran : the effect of the circumstances of women's occupation on crime". Thesis, University of Manchester, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.498399.

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25

Fatehrad, Azadeh. "Photography, desire and resistance in the lives of women, following the 1979 revolution in Iran". Thesis, Royal College of Art, 2015. http://researchonline.rca.ac.uk/1784/.

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In my last four years of PhD by practice at the Royal College of Art, I have conducted extensive research on archival photography including materials held at the Museum der Weltkulturen, Frankfurt am Main; the Institute for Iranian Contemporary Historical Studies (IICHS) , Tehran; and the International Institute of Social History (IISH), Amsterdam. My project started with the fortuitous encounter with a photograph taken by Iranian photographer Hengameh Golestan on the morning of March 8, 1979. The photograph shows women marching in the streets of Teheran in protest against the introduction of the compulsory Islamic dress code. In 1936 Reza Shah had decreed a ban on the headscarf as part oh his westernising project. Over forty years later following the 1979 Revolution, Ruhollah Khomeini reversed this decision by ordering that women should now cover their hair. This ‘found image’ presented me with a glimpse into the occulted history of my own country and the opportunity to advance towards a deeper learning and understanding of the event of March 8, 1979 a significant date in the history of feminism in Iran. In what follows I revisit the history of Iran since the 1979 revolution with a particular inflexion on the role women played in that history. However, as my project develops , I gradually move away from the socio-historical facts to investigate the legacy of the revolution on the representations of women in photography, film and literature as well as the creation of an imaginary space of self representation. To this end my writing moves constantly between the documentary, the analytical and the personal. In parallel I have made photographs and video works which are explorations of the veil as object of fascination and desire as well as symbol of repression.

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26

Poya, Maryam. "Explaining women's employment under the Islamic state in Iran : women, work and Islamism : ideology and resistance". Thesis, Open University, 1998. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57908/.

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This study examines women's employment in Iran between 1979-1997, analysing the changing position of the Islamic state in reaction to economic circumstances and women's responses. In making this assessment the interaction between economic circumstances, the institutionalisation of gender inequality and also the responses of women are examined. This study demonstrates that economic forces and women's struggle for change undermined the Islamic state's gender relations. The Islamisation of state and society which followed the 1979 revolution involved an attempt by the Islamic state to seclude women within the home in accordance with the state's gender and employment policy and practices. The power of the state to transform gender relations, however, was constrained by the Iran - Iraq war, as the survival of many families depended on women's earnings. The end of the war with Iraq and the return of men to the workforce did not result in women's return to the home. Economic reconstruction and inflation increased women's participation in the workforce. This study demonstrates that in 1997, women's participation in the labour force, despite a rigid sexual division of labour imposed ideologically by the Islamic state is no less than it was in pre-1979. However, the state continued to strengthen patriarchal relationships within the home, employment and wider society, thus maintaining that women's participation in the workforce is by nature temporary and that ultimately a woman's place is in the home. Women of different classes and with different levels of religiosity responded to the economic circumstances and the state's gender ideology. Their participation in the political movements and their active role in the economy has raised gender consciousness. The result is an alliance between religious and secular women in urban areas who have demanded reforms and forced the Islamic state to return to the position of the reforms of pre-1979 in relation to women and the family, and women's education and employment.

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Omid, Dadras. "Barriers and associated factors of adequate antenatal care among Afghan women in Iran; A mixed methods study". Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263580.

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Nasim, Mogharab. ""I Saw Myself Released": The Impact of Modernization on Women's Literature in Pre-Revolution Iran, 1941-1979". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34409.

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This thesis examines the first collections of modern Persian literature written by Iranian female authors in the context of a process of gender modernization during the Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi’s reign (1941-1979). This thesis argues that women’s literature written during the period of transition from tradition to modernity is clearly influenced by the state’s gender policy and illustrates the changing position of women’s status in private and public life. Indeed, an examination of the collections of short stories and poems that were produced in this period demonstrates that female authors were concerned with the unveiling policy, arranged marriage and polygamy, women’s education, women’s social participation, women’s domestic obligations, women’s political awakening, and female sexuality. Furthermore, central themes covered by female authors changed significantly based on the transformations of gender politics the society experienced from the 1940s and 1950s to the 1960s and 1970s.

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Raunio, Paola Maria. "Saving Muslim women in the era of 'Axis of Evil'? : pious women's movement advocates in Iran, 2001-2010". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6593.

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This thesis aims to investigate US foreign policies in the post-9/11 world, focusing on the ways in which they affected the Iranian women's movement after Iran was included in the Axis of Evil in January 2002. The focus of the thesis draws on the Bush Administration's decision to use Muslim women's human rights as moral justifications for the War on Terror. The thesis argues that, despite the US commitment to Iranian women's human rights, Iranian women's movement advocates have found themselves in an even more challenging environment. Both the physical and discursive spaces for women's activism has been narrowed due to the increasing violence, deteriorating living conditions resulting from the US/Western sanctions and hardline nationalist-militaristic politics. Drawing mainly on postcolonial feminism, the thesis evaluates how artificially enacted gendered, racial and sexualised exclusions and borders contributed to this. The thesis contends that after 9/11, the Bush Administration's identity became hypermasculinised and this effectively led to the transnationalisation of violence that often materialises itself on the bodies of Feminine Others, which in this case was the Iranian Feminine Other. What further informed the Bush Administration's identity formation and policies was the anxious logic of orientalism. The thesis examines how this orientalist anxiety built and sustained much of the US post-9/11 (in)security imaginary. The thesis makes the argument that orientalist anxiety produced two orientalised bodies, that of the Dark Monster and the already mentioned Feminine Other. This specific framework allows us to complicate the US conceptualisation of the Self as disconnected and unrelated to the Other and how the Self justifies the Other's disciplining and policing via this disconnectedness. The thesis calls for a political vision that engages with difference, alternatives and real life experiences and eventually recognises everyone's right to security.

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Zaker, Farniyaz. "Allegories of the veil". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1285e8e1-b9bb-4f0e-b17a-962377646957.

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'Allegories of the Veil' analyses the relationship between architecture and clothing as architecture. It expands the meaning of dwelling and of dwelling places (as they have been defined and conceptualised by scholars such as Martin Heidegger and Edward Casey) from architecture to women's dress. People's awareness of space and their interaction with it are crucially mediated by where and how they dwell. Moreover, dwelling greatly influences behaviour. This study interrogates the way in which building belongs to dwelling. It conceptualises specific women's clothing (the traditional dress and the veil [chador in Farsi]) as a dwelling place that influences (limits) women's spatial awareness and movement in space. It argues that once women's clothing has shaped the behaviour and awareness of women (mirroring the organisation of social relations) it becomes like a habitus. In that sense, clothes are not only physical but also generative spaces which can be translated into social space (and vice versa). Last but not least, this study explores how the changing architectural cityscape of Iran has altered the meaning of private and public space in the country. It argues that contemporary domestic architecture in Iran has disturbed the continuity of design and architectural forms, which previously had been an inherent feature of all architectural spaces in the country, including women's clothing. These new forms disrupted the complementary relationship between the chador as an enclosed space and as an extension of the domestic sphere, as well as facilitating the fast encroachment of modernity on traditional architectural places, including the 'chādor'.

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Soukhakian, Fazilat. "The Private Revealed: A Search for a New Modernity Through the Lens of the Shah and Contemporary Photographers in Iran". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1522057558134736.

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32

Ahmadi, Sanaz. "Will I Ever Be Enough? : A Marxist Analysis of Women Protesting Obligatory Veiling in the Islamic Republic of Iran". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-364820.

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The My Stealthy Freedom (MSF) movement on social media has garnered over 1 million likes on Facebook and continues to make headlines in major media outlets. The founder Masih Alinejad routinely speaks out against obligatory veiling in the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI). This study analyses hijab and the MSF movement from a Marxist feminist perspective, evaluating the emancipatory potential for women. The study attempts to untangle Islam from the discourses around the oppression of women to find the material roots of oppression upon which the discourse has been built. The legislation of women’s clothing and women’s bodies has a long history, with just the hijab having been made compulsory and forbidden three times in Iran within the previous century. Through the use of Multimodal Critical Discourse analysis, photographs and videos from the MSF movement are compared to hijab propaganda by the IRI to identify whether the concern of the MSF movement is limited to obligatory hijab, or if it places within the broader movement for women’s emancipation. The results show that despite the visual emphasis on the hijab, the MSF movement has a broader aim emancipating women as expressed by the activists of the movement.

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Farahani, Fataneh. "Diasporic Narratives of Sexuality : Identity Formation among Iranian- Swedish Women". Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Acta Universitatis Stockholmiensis : Almqvist & Wiksell International [distributör], 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6769.

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Rezaeisahraei, Afsaneh. "Agency Between Narratives: Women, Faith, and Sociability in Irangeles". The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1587660771187606.

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Ziaee, Armaghan. "Transnational Modernization and the Gendered Built Environment in Iran: Altering Architectural Spaces and Gender Identities in the Early Twentieth Century (1925-1941)". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1535373539561694.

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Mellergård, Emelia, e Liza Trulsson. "Well-being and distress related to social support and emotions in infertile women : A cross-cultural comparison between Sweden and Iran". Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-29353.

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The present survey study investigated cultural differences in social support, well-being, distress, positive and negative emotions in relation to infertility, by analyzing mean difference, correlation, regression and moderation on these variables. 117 women with primary infertility were recruited from fertility clinics in Sweden and Iran. Cultural differences were found regarding well-being and distress, indicating that infertility may pose a greater stigma in Iran than in Sweden. Even so, both samples reported high distress levels which confirmed infertility as a psychological stressor. Social support buffered against distress in the Swedish sample. Well-being was to a greater extent estimated by emotions in the Swedish sample, and by social support in the Iranian sample. Results were discussed in relation to aspects of individualism and collectivism.

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Roostaee, Amir Hossein. "Different worlds a comparaison of love poems by Dorothy Livesay (Canada, 1909-96) and by Forugh Farrokhzad (Iran, 1935-67)". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2663.

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The focus of this study is to compare works by the Canadian poet Dorothy Livesay (1909-1996) and by the Iranian poet Forugh Farrokhzad (1935-1967). Although Farrokhzad and Livesay were from different generations, their love poems emerged around the same time. Farrokhzad published her poems between 1955 and 1965, and Livesay's collection of love poemsThe Unquiet Bed was published in 1967. There are interesting similarities between the use of voice and theme in their love poems.The speakers in the poems try to keep their individuality and are looking for freedom in love, but often see love as disappointing. My discussion highlights Livesay's"The Touching,"The Taming," and"Consideration" as well as Farrokhzad's"The Sin,"Love Song," and"My Beloved." I also refer to many of their other love poems, discuss their biographies and map out their respective cultural contexts, all of which reflect different worlds. A comparison of Farrokhzad's and Livesay's personal lives shows that Livesay's father and her mother, who were both journalists, helped her to improve and publish her writings while Farrokhzad's parents discouraged their daughter from composing and publishing poems. Livesay was a highly educated woman who lived and studied in different countries, but Farrokhzad did not have access to advanced academic studies. Neither had happy marriages and both left their marriages in search of more freedom. Through their love poems, Farrokhzad and Livesay questioned the patriarchal conventions of their respective societies and tried to express their need for freedom and individuality as women. One of the most important differences between Iranian and Canadian societies was that Iranian society was deeply affected by conventional Islamic ideologies. Farrokhzad's love poems resisted these Islamic ideologies and, as a result, her works were ignored for years. Again, at the time Livesay publishedThe Unquiet Bed (1967), there were some similarities between gender constructions in Iran and Canada, for example, the importance of marriage and the confinement of women to the private sphere, but to a very different degree. Since Livesay lived in a society that was being greatly affected by the feminist revolution in the 1960's, the feminism in her love poems was better received. As this research is done in English, translated versions of Farrokhzad's poems are used. A translated poem never conveys the exact meaning of the original poem.The translator of a poem should be a poet herself or himself. What he or she should do is to read and understand the original poem and reproduce a new poem in the target language. This research discusses some interesting images in Farrokhzad's love poems. As a native speaker of Farsi, I explain the real intention of these images to see if translated versions could convey a similar meaning. I also consider the challenges when translating poetry from Farsi to English and the effects of reading Iranian poetry that has been mediated by translation. An important approach to Farrokhzad's and Livesay's works is to analyze their poems in terms of feminist ideologies. There is a great difference between Iranian and Canadian feminist ideologies. Feminist thought in Iran is based on Islamic ideologies.The question is if Islamic feminism can defend women's rights against men or not. Farrokhzad was one of the anti-Islamic feminists who opposed Islamic rule in her poems. Canadian feminist ideologies, however, are divided into liberal, Marxist, radical, and French schools, and are most often based on secular ideologies. This thesis examines the critical reception of poetry by both poets in the context of different schools of feminist thought in Canada and Iran. Livesay traveled to Zambia later in life and one of the love poems she wrote after that called"The Taming" comments ironically on women's submission to a dominant male lover.The comparison of poems by two authors from different worlds shows how their love poems, their feminist voice, and their themes of freedom, independence, and disappointment in love are rooted in the cultural context of their lives.

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Tavakoli, Omid. "A Burning Silence". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1556307287955672.

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Hosami, Behshid. "Digital gender divide and empowering women in the digital age : A critical approach in Iranian society". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för informatik (IK), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-80176.

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Gender plays an important role in access to the ICTs and Internet. Even when both genders have almost equal access to the ICTs and online services, or similar literacy rates, women have a lower rate in technology related education, employment, income, and in social activities than men.This thesis focuses on the existing digital gender gap by identifying its key factors and trends and studying the role of Internet and ICTs in bridging this gap. In addition, to suggest improvements to empower women in the developing countries and especially in Iran. A qualitative research method was adopted and semi-structured interview with 5 Internet users who were purposely chosen, was conducted. The data were analyzed and interpreted with the help of Lichtman's 3C method. This research study has examined the possible gender digital divide among users of ICTs and Internet in Iran and by making use of the existed secondary data. The empirical findings are discussed and compared to the reviewed literature, which resulted to an arising framework for a better understanding of digital gap among women.This research gives an overview about the digital divide, with a focus specifically on the challenges women face in accessing the ICTs and Internet in this region. Current gender disparities and discrimination in Internet use are outlined and the obstacles hindering women’s access to the technology world are described. At the later stage, the research has a look at the potential opportunities for women’s participation in a global digital society along with a consideration of the initiatives that have been developed in order to mitigate the gender inequity in Iran.

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Homayun, Sepehr Mohamad. "Les gardiennes des nappes d'offrande en Iran, de la préhistoire à nos jours". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209724.

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Les gardiennes des nappes d'offrande en Iran (de la préhistoire à nos jours) :

Cette recherche a été intitulée "les femmes iraniennes héritières des nappes d'offrande". L'objectif de cette recherche est la mise en évidence des bases des nappes d'offrande votive féminines de la préhistoire à nos jours en tant qu‘explication, analyse et interprétation des nappes ;pour cette recherche, nous avons choisi la société actuelle de Téhéran constituée d'ethnies iraniennes variées, notamment les Zoroastriennes et les Shi‘ites. Le fil conducteur de cette recherche est le cadre théorique combiné basé sur la transmission culturelle, l'interprétation religieuse symbolique de Geertz, la réaction symbolique de Parsons et la théorie d'échange de Peter Blau, interprétant les différents aspects des signes et des symboles des nappes avec la présence, la participation des femmes, la réalisation de leurs désirs et la mise en place des nappes. Les théories d'Henri Corbin ont permis de répondre à certaines questions sur la transmission culturelle religieuse et les changements et transformations du monde symbolique iranien, mazdéen zoroastrien aux nouveaux symboles de l'Iran musulman shi‘ite ;nous avons également fait appel aux rapports de Sadegh Hedayat, Henri Massé, Shakouri, Faghiri ,K. et F. Mazdapour. Le commentaire et l'interprétation d'autres sujets des nappes tels que les récits, la lamentation et l'allégresse, les Adjil-é Moshkel Gosha étaient des mystères non élucidés jusqu'alors par les chercheurs ;ils l'ont été dans cette thèse. Il a été essayé de répondre aux questions posées par des réponses basées sur l'anthropologie religieuse symbolique. L'enquête statistique de la recherche porte sur des étudiantes, mariées ou non, de l'Université Azad, Unité Centre de Téhéran. Les questions principales intéressent la féminité des nappes d'offrande et le recours aux saints religieux iraniens shi‘ites. Les souhaits sont relatifs à la vie quotidienne, comme l'obtention d'un travail, la guérison d'un malade, l'achat d'un appartement, la résolution de problèmes financiers, le mariage, l'accouchement, etc. les résultats ont été rassemblés dans les tableaux de l'enquête statistique. Cependant, certaines questions sont restées sans réponses ;elles seront élucidées par de futurs chercheurs.

Mots-clés :nappes d'offrande votive, les femmes gardiennes, la transmission culturelle, Adjil, Moshkel Gosha
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Salehi, Rizi Elaheh. "Identités féminines et mutations sociales dans les ɶuvres de Zoyâ Pirzâd et Annie Ernaux". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR2009.

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Nombreuses sont les écrivaines en Iran et en France qui portent un regard critique sur leur société et profitent de leur statut d’auteure pour exiger l’égalité des droits pour toutes les femmes. Zoyâ Pirzâd et Annie Ernaux ont pour but de présenter les réalités sociales d’une époque, chacune à sa manière et avec un style adapté à des sociétés aussi différentes que la France et l’Iran. En jouant le rôle de témoins du passé et du présent, ces deux écrivaines abordent la réalité quotidienne de la femme dans sa vie intime, de la naissance à l’âge adulte, ainsi que son statut familial et sa vie sociale, et les menaces qui guettent la femme dans la société. À travers leurs œuvres respectives, les deux auteures présentent une émancipation féminine qui ne s’est pas réalisée au même moment ni de la même façon dans ces deux pays ; dans ces deux sociétés, la publication de livres par les femmes a été une entreprise difficile et conflictuelle, surtout par le passé : malgré certains acquis, les femmes iraniennes sont néanmoins encore loin de jouir des mêmes droits que les hommes – la maternité ayant longtemps été vue comme le seul rôle de la femme. Les écrivaines parlent en général des sujets acceptables dans la société où l’œuvre est produite, mais pour des questions controversées comme la sexualité féminine, elles sont obligées de transgresser les normes sociales qui pèsent sur la littérature, au risque des critiques les plus violentes. Certaines théoriciennes, comme Hélène Cixous et Béatrice Didier, affirment la spécificité de l’écriture féminine. Cette distinction de genre peut en effet montrer l’influence d’une tradition machiste ou une culture sexiste sur la littérature. Pourtant, quoique les œuvres d’Annie Ernaux et de Zoyâ Pirzâd ne semblent pas relever exclusivement de l’écriture féminine, cette distinction genrée peut valoriser les écrits des femmes qui ont toujours été marginalisées et minorées
Many are the female writers, both in Iran and France, who look at society with a critical eye, and capitalize on their status as female authors to demand equality of rights for all women. Zoyâ Pirzâd and Annie Ernaux aim at presenting the social realities of an era, both in a way and in a style that are adapted to societies as different as Iranian and French ones. As witnesses of the past and the present, these two female writers tackle the issues of daily life reality for women, their intimacy, from birth to adult age, as well as their family status and social lives, along with all the threats that surround them in society. Through their respective works, the two authors present a process of feminine emancipation that has not taken place at the same time or in the same way in the two countries; both in France and in Iran, the publication of books by female writers has been a difficult and contentious enterprise, especially in the past. Despite some victories, women in Iran are far from enjoying the same rights as men, since maternity has been, for a long time, considered as the one and only role women can play in society. The two authors deal with subjects that are deemed acceptable in the society in which they write. However, from the moment they choose to handle more controversial issues, like female sexuality, they have to transgress the social norms established in literature, risking harsh criticism doing so. Such female writing theoreticians as Hélène Cixous and Béatrice Didier affirm the idea of the specificity of female writing. This difference in gender can in fact show the influence of a male chauvinist tradition or sexist culture on literature. Yet, for as much as Annie Ernaux’ and Zoyâ Pirzâd’s works do not apparently partake of the school of female writing, this difference in genres may help promoting the writings of those women who have always been marginalized and “minored”

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Nasseh, Lotf Abadi Mozhdeh. "Social support, coping, and self-esteem in relation to psychosocial factors : A study of health issues and birth weight in young mothers in Tehran, Iran". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-61402.

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Introduction: Generally, pregnancy is considered to be a positive period in life in Iranian culture. For the parents, it is important to have a healthy pregnancy and, as a result, a healthy child. A sufficient birth weight of the infant represents one of the crucial conditions of a healthy development of a child during infancy as well as later in life. Ongoing research has been carried out regarding various medical factors related to birth weight, but there is a gap in knowledge about psychosocial factors such as social support, coping, self-esteem, stress and mother’s mental health, and various socio-demographic factors including domestic violence, which may lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as low birth weight. This thesis aims to provide knowledge to fill this gap. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Tehran, Iran, including 600 young mothers who had delivered in Akbarabadi hospital, one of the main gynaecological hospitals affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The investigation included a self-developed socio-demographic form, the Social Support Questionnaire, the Ways of Coping Checklist, Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale, the General Health Questionnaire-12, and a Life Event Checklist. Results: We could not find a significant association between birth weight and mother’s level of education, and there was no substantial relationship between general mental health and birth weight. Verbal abuse was reported by 26.0% of the young mothers, 4.8% reported physical abuse, 5.5% reported sexual abuse, and 1.3% reported all three types of abuse. The abuse-index was significantly negatively associated with satisfaction with social support and with self-esteem. The higher the abuse-index, by trend, the lower was the infants’ birth weight. Weight before pregnancy, current weight, weight gain during pregnancy, and the number of prenatal care visits were significantly positively associated with the weight of the newborn. Mothers who reported having a history of a low birth-weight (LBW) child or were physically abused during pregnancy had infants with significant lower birth weight. The more the pregnant women were satisfied with their social support and the more often they used positive reappraisal as a way of coping, the higher was their infants’ birth weight. The higher the self-esteem, the less often they used escape avoidance and confrontive coping. Conclusion: The results suggest the importance of relationships between a healthy pregnancy and psychosocial as well as socio-demographic factors. Providing pregnant women with social support is a key component for a healthy pregnancy, especially when faced with stressful situations. The number of people available for support did not provide a significant buffering effect on domestic violence (DV), but the perceived quality of social support did. Higher education in the mother and husband, and women’s employment represented protective conditions against the occurrence of DV. Women who reported physical abuse during pregnancy had infants with lower birth weight. Satisfaction with social support and use of positive reappraisal were significantly associated with higher birth weight.

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Amanat, Shayda. "Iran and the Arab World Through A Female Lens: Deconstructing Western Phantasms and Terrors". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/428.

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This thesis explores how today’s Sheherazades, in this case women photographers from the Middle East, create alternative representations that constitute new meanings and understandings of life, gender, and politics in Iran and the Arab world.

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Kalantari, Soudabeh. "Étude épidémiologique et clinique des violences vécues par les femmes iraniennes : clinique des violences en contexte conjugal en Iran à Téhéran". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00785574.

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Les violences conjugales faites aux femmes demeurent l'un des plus grands scandales en matière d'usages, de coutumes et de droits humains. Ces travaux ont été réalisés en Iran, à Téhéran, en 2008, dans le cadre de centres médicaux, sur une population de femmes battues.Les hypothèses envisagent que les deux dimensions, tolérance et violence, sont associées de manière significative aux violences physiques, sexuelles, psychologiques et économiques, compte tenu de l'existence d'antécédents de violence dans la famille d'origine, du faible soutien social, du manque de soutien familial, de l' âge et du niveau socio-économique. Cette partie a permis d'établir une base conceptuelle pour organiser le matériel consulté et donner un sens aux résultats des recherches. Les résultats de notre recherche montrent :- Une relation significative et directe entre la violence, l'âge, la durée du couple, l'expérience de la maltraitance (antécédents familiaux), la pression ou l'influence familiale, le manque ou l'absence de soutien économique, l'inquiétude pour les enfants, l'habitude de la violence et la difficulté de vivre ;- une relation significative et inverse entre la violence et le niveau d'étude, l'absence de soutien social, l'attachement au mari et le comportement gênant de celui-ci ;- une absence de relation significative entre la violence et les variables suivantes : le niveau de salaire, la profession des femmes, le nombre d'enfants, le regard négatif porté par la société sur les femmes divorcées, le sentiment de culpabilité, l'espoir d'un changement d'attitude du mari et la mésestime de soi.- Autant de résultats, au moins pour ces derniers, qui ne laissent pas sans surprise

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Ghazi-Isfahani, Fereshteh. "Developing a masters curriculum for University of Welfare and Rehabilitation in Tehran/Iran by exploring social support and social network in Iranian women with children under school age". Thesis, Middlesex University, 2008. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/3453/.

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The purpose of this project was to: • Develop a postgraduate curriculum for Health care professionals to be used by University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation (USWR) in Iran based on the needs of mothers in Iran. The developed curriculum used selected findings of research completed by me who explored social support and family networks offered to Iranian women with children under the school age. • Create a research data base for information to be use by all researchers on women and women health by students who will be taking the created curriculum during their research and dissertation modules in USWR in Iran. The research conducted used mixed methodology approach /triangulation by means of both qualitative and quantitative research methods. A focus group was employed to gain information and further understanding to the meaning of social support and family network from perspectives of those mothers. Following the focus group a questionnaire was devised in conclusion with the findings of the focus group which were building blocks for the questionnaire and informed by literature. Six hundred questionnaires were distributed surveying mothers of three different social classes, living in various parts of Tehran. The questionnaires were distributed at a number of health care clinics using purposive sampling technique. The inclusion criteria for the selection of the research category, was that the mothers had to have a child/children under the school age, and in addition be willing to complete the questionnaire in the clinic. Following the survey 24 self selected mothers from the same group were asked to commence on documenting a two week diary. They were provided with guidelines and instructions on how to complete the diaries. The resulting quantitative data was analysed with the use of SPSS and the qualitative data used narrative data analysis arriving at themes. The two sets of data were crossed referenced for outcomes, in order to comprehend the general data collected and form triangulation conclusions. Recommendation was made for future research.

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Rahmani, Tabar Mohsen. "La protection pénale des libertés et droits fondamentaux de la femme. : Étude comparée Iran-France". Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON10050.

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Nous observons des différences significatives au sein de la protection pénale des libertés et droits fondamentaux de la femme entre l'Iran et la France. Ces dissemblances sont issues de divergences fondamentales dans la définition des concepts bâtisseurs des droits de l'Homme, basée sur les perceptions du monde selon l'Islam et la laïcité. Ces divergences influent sur la mise en œuvre juridique des droits de l'homme et de la femme au niveau international et national. La France a réaffirmé ses engagements vis-à-vis de la Déclaration DHC par l'adoption de celle-ci dans le Code constitutionnel français. Elle a adhéré à la majorité des textes internationaux et régionaux concernant les droits fondamentaux de l'Homme, la prévention des violences faites aux femmes et la discrimination à l'égard des femmes. Elle s'est engagée à appliquer les traités internationaux ratifiés et à les absorber en droit interne à travers le mécanisme prévu par le Code Constitutionnel. En Iran, selon le Code Constitutionnel, toutes les lois doivent être compatibles avec les prescriptions islamiques. Nous avons étudié l'incompatibilité avec l'Islam de certains droits proclamés dans la DUDH et dans d'autres textes internationaux, notamment la Convention sur l'élimination de toutes formes de discriminations à l'égard des femmes. Le droit pénal comparé franco-iranien, à l'égard de la protection pénale de la femme, permet d'identifier clairement la politique criminelle dans la lutte contre les violences faites aux femmes et la discrimination à travers les incriminations et les réponses punitives à cet égard
We observe significant differences in the criminal protection of fundamental rights and freedoms of women between Iran and France. These dissimilarities are derived from fundamental differences in the definition of concepts of human rights based on the perception of the world in Islam and secularism. These differences affect the legal implementation of the human rights of women in the national and international level. France has affirmed its commitment to the DDHC by its adoption in the French constitutional bloc. It has acceded to most international and regional instruments on human rights, prevention of violence against women and discrimination against women. It is committed to implement the ratified international treaties and to internalize through the mechanism provided by the Constitutional Code. Iran claimed the Constitutional Code; all laws must be consistent with Islamic requirements. We studied the incompatibility of Islam with certain rights enshrined in the UDHR and other international instruments including the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. The French Criminal Law in relation to Iranian penal protection of women clearly identifies the criminal policy in the struggle against violence against women and discrimination through criminalization and punitive responses in this regard

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Blomster, Mirjam, e Martina Wikström. "Vilka aktiviteter iranska kvinnor fyller sin vardag med - En dimension av delaktighet". Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-6172.

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Invandrar kvinnor lider av större ohälsa än svenskar och invandrar män. Delaktighet i meningsfulla aktiviteter är viktigt för att utveckla och bibehålla fysisk hälsa, mental hälsa och livstillfredsställelse. Vidare är delaktighet och inflytande i samhället en grundläggande förutsättning för hälsa. Många arbetsterapeuter har pga. okunskap, svårigheter i bemötandet av patienter med annan kulturell bakgrund. Vidare är flera bedömningsinstrument som arbetsterapeuter använder sig av inte anpassade till olika kulturer. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur kvinnor från Iran är delaktiga i det svenska samhället. Det som mer specifikt undersöktes var vad de iranska kvinnorna fyllde sin vardag med och om de är tillfredställa med det de gör. Författarna använde sig av aktivitetsdagböcker vid insamlingen av data. Vid namngivandet av aktiviteterna inspirerades författarna av ICF:s begreppsapparat. Resultatet visade att majoriteten av kvinnorna var tillfredsställda med sin vardag. De aktiviteter som oftast utfördes av kvinnorna var ”äta och dricka” och ”hemliv”. De aktiviteter som utfördes minst antal gånger under dagen var, ”tillämpa kunskap” och ”motion”. De flesta aktiviteter utförde kvinnorna ensamma eller tillsammans med släkt eller familjemedlem. Aktiviteterna ”rekreation/fritidsaktiviteter utanför hemmet” och ”arbete och sysselsättning” var de aktiviteter som utfördes procentuellt sett oftast tillsammans med vän eller annan person som inte är släkt eller familjemedlem.

Immigrant women suffer more from bad health than Swedish people and immigrant men. To develop and maintain physical health, mental health and satisfaction in life, participation in meaningful occupations is important. Further, participation and influence in the society is an essential condition for health. Many occupational therapists have difficulty in treating patients with another cultural backgrounds, due to lack of knowledge. Further, several assessments that occupational therapists use are not adapted to different cultures. The aim of the study was to investigate how women from Iran participate in Swedish society. More specifically, the aim was to investigate what occupations the women fill their everday life with, and whetter they were satisfied with their occupations. An occupational diary was used to collect data. To name the occupations, ICF was used as inspiration. The result showed that most women in general were satisfied with their everday life. The occupations most frequently performed by the women during the day were, “applied knowledge” and “exercise”. The result also implied that the women performed most of the occupations alone or with family. “Recreation outside home” and “work and occupy” were occupations that were done in most cases together with a friend or another person not related to the family.

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Vahidvaghef, Mitra. "Study the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral sex training in improving women’s sexual self-concept in Tehran, Iran". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/334390.

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Estudi de l'eficàcia de l'entrenament cognitiu-conductual en la millora de l'autoconcepte sexual de les dones en Teheran, Iran. Mitra Vahidvaghef (estudiant de doctorat), Rosa M. Raich Escursell (professor), Teresa Gutiérrez Rosado (professor), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. El concepte de pròpia sexualitat s'ha definit com una generalització cognitiva sobre els aspectes sexuals d'un mateix que es deriven de l'experiència passada, que es manifesta en l'experiència adquirida, i que influeixen en el processament d'informació social sexual, i en el comportament guia l (Andersen i Cyranowski, 2010). L'entrenament cognitiu-conductual (CBT) és un mètode que millora estil d'identificació i el desafiament dels pensaments irracionals, així com la reducció i el canvi de comportaments problemàtics. (Epocrates, 2014) Aquesta investigació pretén estudiar l'efecte de la teràpia cognitivoconductual sexual capacitant per millorar l'autoestima (incloent satisfacció sexual, l'autoestima sexual) en les dones casades iranianes. El és un estudi experimental. La població de partida del present estudi (N: 5000) consta de totes les dones casades que han utilitzat les instal·lacions educatives municipals a Teheran. Els grups de mostra (n: 90) van ser seleccionats mitjançant mostreig aleatori. Qüestionari multidimensional de Snell (MSSCQ) (1991) es va utilitzar en pre-, post-test i etapa de seguiment dels dos grups, intervenció i control. Es va utilitzar la prova estadística MIX ANOVA per analitzar les dades. Els resultats de l'estudi son F (1, 79) = 5.148, P=0.001 . la diferència entre el grup experimental i el control va resultar significativa Eta squared= 0.063 que van mostrar que la intervenció psicològica reforçar el l'auto-concepte sexual.
Estudio de la eficàcia del entrenamiento cognitivo-conductual en la mejora del autoconcepto sexual de las mujeres en Teheran, Irán. Mitra Vahidvaghef (estudiante de doctorado), Rosa M. Raich Escursell (profesor), Teresa Gutiérrez Rosado(profesor) ,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. El concepto de propia sexualidad se ha definido como una generalización cognitiva sobre los aspectos sexuales de uno mismo que se derivan de la experiencia pasada, que se manifiesta en la experiencia adquirida, y que influyen en el procesamiento de información social sexual, y en el comportamiento (Andersen y Cyranowski, 2010). El entrenamiento cognitivo-conductual (CBT) es un método que mejora estilo de identificación y el desafío de los pensamientos irracionales, así como la reducción y el cambio de comportamientos problemáticos. (Epocrates, 2014) Esta investigación pretende estudiar el efecto de la terapia cognitivo-conductual sexual para mejorar la autoestima sexual(incluyendo satisfacción sexual) en las mujeres casadas iraníes. Es un estudio experimental. La población de partida del presente estudio (N: 5000) consta de todas las mujeres casadas que han utilizado las instalaciones educativas municipales en Teherán. Los grupos de muestra (n: 90) fueron seleccionados mediante muestreo aleatorio. La evaluación se llevó a cabo con el Cuestionario multidimensional de Snell (MSSCQ) (1991) se realizó pre-, post-test y seguimiento de los dos grupos de intervención y control. Se utilizó la prueba estadística MIX ANOVA para analizar los datos. Los resultados del estudio son F (1, 79) = 5.148, P=0.001 and partial Eta squared= 0.063. La diferencia entre el grupo experimental y el control resulto significativa que mostraron que la intervención psicológica reforzó el el auto-concepto sexual.
Sexual self-concept has been defined as “cognitive generalizations about sexual aspects of oneself that are derived from past experience, manifest in current experience, influential in the processing of sexually relevant social information, and guide sexual behavior” (Andersen & Cyranowski, 1994, p. 1079) Cognitive-Behavioral (CBT) is an approach that improves lifestyle by identifying and challenging irrational thoughts as well as reducing and changing problematic behaviors (Epocrates, 2014). The main hypothesis states that Cognitive-Behavioral Sex Training will be effective in improving the Iranian women’s sexual self-concept. This research is an experimental study, with a statistical population comprising almost (N: 5000) married women who have used municipality educational facilities in Tehran. The sample group consists of (n: 90) randomly selected women and put into two intervention and control groups Snell's Multi-dimension Questionnaire (MSSCQ) (1991) was used in pre-, post- test and follow-up stages of two groups. The intervention group received eight sessions of cognitive behavioral sex training that researcher designed and performed it. The Mix-ANOVA is used to analyze the data. The results of the main hypothesis are F (1, 79) = 5.148, P=0.001 and partial Eta squared= 0.063 which show that there is a significant difference in means of the experimental and control groups. Thus, Cognitive- Behavioral Sex Training proved to improve sexual self-concept.

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Sangari, Esmaeil. "Les femmes à l’époque sassanide. Données iconographiques et sources textuelles en Iran du IIIème au VIIème siècle apr. J.-C". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20125.

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L’étude de la place et du statut des femmes dans l’Iran sassanide est fondée sur des données textuelles (cinq livres en pehlevie) et sur des matériaux archéologiques et iconographiques. L’objectif est la confrontation entre les deux séries de sources.Le volume I (texte, illustrations) en trois chapitres étudie les représentations des femmes puis traite du statut des femmes d’après les textes. Le troisième chapitre est la confrontation des deux séries de données. Le deuxième volume est le catalogue donnant d’une part la transcription et la traduction de textes d’époque sassanide et post-sassanide décrivant la situation des femmes dans la société, accompagnées de commentaires ; d’autre part des documents iconographiques: personnages féminins sur les bas-reliefs, sceaux et cachets, argenterie, mosaïques, monnaies, tissus, stucs, figurines et quelques autres objets.Au cours des quatre siècles sassanides, on constate une évolution relativement positive du statut de la femme d’après les textes, et en parallèle une augmentation des représentations féminines sur des documents officiels comme les sceaux, les meilleurs indicateurs de la place et du rôle des femmes dans la société de l’Iran sassanide
The study of the role and status of women in Sasanian Iran is based on the textual sources (five books in Pahlavi) and series of archaeological and iconographic objects. This dissertation aims at confronting these two series of data.Volume I (text and illustrations) including three chapters is a study of women representation on the iconographic objects and then deals with their status in the texts. In the third chapter these two categories will be confronted. Volume II contains the catalogues: on the one hand the transcription and translation of the texts surviving from Sasanian and Post-Sasanian periods, which describe women’s status in the society, enriched with some commentaries; on the other hand the catalogue of iconographic evidence depicting women, including rock-reliefs, seals and bullae, silverware, mosaics, coins, fabrics, stuccoes, figurines, textiles, and the other varied kinds of objects. Our investigations suggest a rather positive evolution of the women’s status during the four-century period of the Sasanian empire, according to the available texts. At the same time, one observes an increasing number of female representations on such official documents as the seals, which are the most precise evidence on the social situation and place of women in Sasanian Iran

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Rouhani, Esfahani Mina. "Représentation des femmes dans l'argenterie sassanide du IIIe au VIIe siècle : une approche iconographique". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0618.

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L’étude de la représentation des femmes sur les objets d’art de l’Iran Sassanide (224-651 EC) a signifié à la fois un défi considérable mais a suscité en même temps beaucoup de plaisir et de curiosité. Au cours des quatre siècles sassanides, on constate une augmentation des représentations féminines sur les vaisselles en argent notamment à la fin de cette période. De plus, cette iconographie a évolué de façon beaucoup plus significative que sur toute autre source artistique à cette époque telle que les bas-reliefs, les sceaux et cachets, les monnaies, les mosaïques, les stucs et les figurines.Le volume I (texte, illustrations) étudie sur trois chapitres les représentations des femmes sur les argenteries puis compare leur iconographie avec celle des autres objets d’arts. Le volume II est constitué du catalogue reprenant les documents des représentations féminines sur l’argenterie Sassanide du IIIe siècle au VIIe siècle (61 objets en argent). Une annexe comporte les explications supplémentaires, les tableaux et les figures pour soutenir les chapitres de Volume I
The study of women representations on works of art from Sasanid Iran (224-651 CE) has not only meant a tremendous challenge subject but also a source of pleasure and curiosity. During the four Sassanid centuries, the female representations on silver vessels have increased especially at the end of this period. The relevant iconography on vessels have significantly changed more than on any other artistic sources of this period such as the rock reliefs, seals, coins, mosaics, stucco and figurines.Volume I (text, illustrations) in three chapters, studies women representations on silver vessels and addresses the comparison of its iconography with other works of art of this period.Volume II is the catalog of iconographic documents on women representations on Sassanid silver vessels from the 3rd to the 7th century (61 silver objects).An appendix contains additional explanations, tables and figures to support the chapters of Volume I

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