Teses / dissertações: "With China"

1

Poerner, Michael. "Business-Knigge China : die Darstellung Chinas in interkultureller Ratgeberliteratur /". Frankfurt am Main : Lang, 2009. http://aleph.unisg.ch/hsgscan/hm00194439.pdf.

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2

Poerner, Michael. "Business-Knigge China die Darstellung Chinas in interkultureller Ratgeberliteratur". Frankfurt, M. Berlin Bern Bruxelles New York, NY Oxford Wien Lang, 2007. http://d-nb.info/992549671/04.

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3

Grant, Michael E. (Michael Edward). "China Run". Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500963/.

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China Run is a 92 1/2 minute documentary film which portrays an ultramarathon runner's record-setting 2,125 mile run across China in 53 days, starting at the Great Wall north of Beijing and concluding in Guangjhou (Canton). It is a story of the difficulties, both physical and emotional, suffered by the runner, as well as the story of his encounters with the people of China.

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4

Neves, Pedro Jorge Custódio. "A estratégia de desenvolvimento tecnológico da China : do "Made in China" ao "Designed in China"". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/8399.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Estratégia
RESUMO A performance económica da China nos últimos trinta anos é notável e sem precedentes históricos. Nas próximas décadas, a China desempenhará um papel cada vez mais influente no mundo. Porém, como se colocam uma série de desafios à sua contínua ascensão económica e política, torna-‐se importante e oportuno compreender a estratégia subjacente e as consequências que podem advir para o mundo. A China está a operar uma transição do modelo económico “Made in China” para o “Designed in China”. Por isso, é objectivo deste trabalho estudar uma questão prioritária na próxima fase de crescimento da China: o desenvolvimento tecnológico e a inovação. A China tem uma longa história de sucesso na inovação. Todavia, vários acontecimentos socioculturais cristalizaram a sua vantagem inovadora. Este trabalho propõe-‐se analisar a ação estratégica que a China está a empreender para se tornar numa potência tecnológica e recuperar o seu estágio de inovação, o qual terá como consequência o despertar de uma potência política, militar e económica. A capacidade de criar inovação é um desafio para o desenvolvimento das economias que dependem do baixo custo do trabalho e imitação. O sucesso da China em matéria de inovação terá implicações substanciais no ambiente estratégico dos países desenvolvidos.
ABSTRACT The economic performance of China in the past thirty years is remarkable and historically unprecedented. In the coming decades, China will play an increasingly influential role in the world. But how does pose a series of challenges to its continued economic and political rise, it is important and useful to understand the underlying strategy and the possible consequences for the world. China is operating a transition of the economic model "Made in China" to "Designed in China". Therefore, the objective of this work is to study a priority in the next phase of growth in China: technology development and innovation. China has a long history of success in innovation. However, various socio-‐cultural events crystallized its innovative edge. This paper proposes to examine the strategic action that China is undertaking to become a technological power and regain its innovation stage, which will lead to the awakening of a political, military and economic power. The ability to create innovation is a challenge for the development of the economies that depend on the low cost of labor and imitation. China's success in innovation will have substantial implications in the strategic environment of developed countries.

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5

Yang, Song. "Enfoques culturales de la didáctica de traducción español-chino en China". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/294028.

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Hoy en día, el papel imprescindible que desempeña la traducción está presente tanto en todos los sectores de la vida cotidiana, como en los contactos interculturales e intercambios internacionales en todos los ámbitos. La traducción por fin ha llegado a ser un tema que interesa no solo a los alumnos sino también a los profesores e investigadores, ya que traducir supone comunicar y facilitar la comunicación. Es una clave en la difusión del conocimiento y contribuye al respeto de la diversidad cultural y social. Sin embargo, cabe decir que la descripción e investigación de la didáctica de traducción (en adelante, DdT) no fue un proceso claro a lo largo de la historia, debido a que la traducción formaba parte de la didáctica de lenguas extranjeras durante siglos. El presente trabajo se divide a grandes rasgos en dos secciones: la descriptiva y la analítica. La sección descriptiva contiene el primer y el segundo capítulo; la sección analítica comprende los capítulos tres, cuatro, cinco, seis, siete. A continuación, se describe El primer capítulo, La educación en China, sirve como una introducción al sistema de educación superior de China –las universidades que hay, el profesorado, el alumnado, las carreras, etc.– que supone informaciones fundamentales para la comprensión de los capítulos siguientes. En el segundo capítulo, Didáctica de traducción español-chino en China, en primer lugar se describe la DdT en la educación universitaria a partir de los siguientes puntos de vista: construcción disciplinaria, plan de estudio, compilación de materiales didácticos, formación del profesorado, metodología didáctica, didáctica de traducción escrita y oral (interpretación), evaluación traductora e investigación traductora. A continuación, se analiza la didáctica de español en China. Cabe decir que si bien nuestro objetivo de estudio es la DdT, pero como en este país la DdT español-chino siempre forma parte de E/LE, no hay otra opción que aproximar la DdT español-chino a partir de la didáctica de español. En los capítulos entre tres y siete, con el propósito de cumplir el objetivo principal que se ha planteado anteriormente, eso es, la DdT del español al chino dentro de los enfoques culturales, se analizan la traducción de componentes que poseen características plenamente culturales –las FH, las FPT, los GC, entre otros– para llegar a conclusiones que contribuyen a la traducción español-chino. Como se ve, al final de cada capítulo se añade una unidad didáctica de traducción que sirve de propuesta para el aula. Basado de los resultados obtenidos, se hace una reflexión y análisis desde la perspectiva de los enfoques culturales sobre los puntos positivos y los negativos en la DdT y se analiza en profundidad las razones académicas, institucionales y administrativas de estos fallos que obstaculizan la mejora de la calidad y el rendimiento de la didáctica de traducción de español al chino en universidades chinas. Finalmente, mediante las teorías levantadas anteriormente y los problemas existentes entre los alumnos chinos, proponemos sugerencias desde la perspectiva cultural y traductológica con el fin de mejorar la DdT del español al chino en la educación avanzada en China. En los anexos se encuentran una serie de datos e informaciones que nos han sido imprescindibles para este estudio –centros universitarios que ofrecen GTI y DTI, plan curricular y objetivos de enseñanza de algunos centros como ejemplo, distribución del alumnado por campos, etc.– así como los corpus que han sido analizados para la sección analítica.
Today, the essential role of translation is present in all sectors of daily life, as in intercultural contacts and exchanges in all areas. The translation has finally become a topic of interest not only to students but also teachers and researchers, and to translate supposed communicate and facilitate communication. It is a key in the dissemination of knowledge and contributes to the respect for cultural and social diversity. However, note that the description and investigation of the teaching of translation (hereinafter DoL) was not a clear process throughout history, because the translation part of the teaching of foreign languages for centuries. This work is divided roughly into two sections: the descriptive and analytical. The descriptive section contains the first and the second chapter; the analytical section includes chapters three, four, five, six, seven. Next, described The first chapter, Education in China, serves as an introduction to the system of higher education in China -the universities there, faculty, students, careers, etc. which is essential information for understanding the following chapters. In the second chapter, Teaching Translation Spanish-Chinese in China, firstly described in university education from the following viewpoints: disciplinary construction, curriculum, compilation of teaching materials, teacher training, teaching, teaching methodology of written and oral translation (interpretation), evaluation and research translator translator. Then the teaching of Spanish in China is analyzed. We can say that although our aim of study is the DoL, but as in this country the Spanish-Chinese DoL always part of E / LE, there is another option that approximate the Spanish-Chinese DoL from the teaching of Spanish. In chapters three to seven, in order to meet the main goal that was raised earlier, that is, the Spanish to Chinese cultural approaches within the translation components that have fully analyzed -the cultural characteristics FH, the FPT, the GC, among others to reach conclusions that contribute to the Spanish-Chinese translation. As shown, at the end of each chapter a didactic translation unit that serves proposal for the classroom is added. Based on the results obtained, reflection and analysis is done from the perspective of cultural approaches the positives and negatives and analyzed in depth the academic, institutional and administrative reasons for these failures that hinder the improvement of the quality and performance of teaching Spanish translation into Chinese in Chinese universities. Finally, using the theories previously raised and the problems among Chinese students propose suggestions from cultural and translatological perspective in order to improve the Spanish to Chinese higher learning in China. The annexes are a number of data and information that we have been essential to this university study-centers offering GTI and DTI, curriculum and instructional goals of some centers as an example, distribution of students by fields, etc. as well as the corpus that have been analyzed for the analytical section.

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6

Wang, Fengyuan, e Rui Shi. "CO2 emission in China and Europe : compare China and Europe". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 1989. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-12101.

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Realize the situation about CO2 emission in Europe and China. Find out which reasons caused the CO2 emission will be changed. We did the data collection: CO2 emissions from China and EU. Energy consumption (include the total, electricity and transportation) and energy structure. Increased CO2 emission caused by Global warming. The CO2 emission increased with fossil-fuel use increased. China almost used of fossil energy, in 2004, domestic use for coal achieve to 67.7% of the total energy consumption. In 2010, the coal supply account for 48% of the world; the coal supply in 2000 to 2009 increased 85.5%. The CO2 emissions in 2009 is 6803.92 mil-tones, increased 13.32% than 2008, No. 1 of world. EU energy structure is keep changed, the rate of utilization for traditional fossil-fuel was gradually reduced. In 2010, the EU coal supply 8% of the world, 2000-2009 presents negative growth (3.8%). The CO2 emissions in 2009 were 4310.3 mil-tones, more than 2008 years to reduce 6.9%. CO2 emission based on energy consumption; Energy consumption is supply a variety of services to people. We must consider with population. China’s CO2/per capita less than average level in world, and lower than most EU countries. China and EU are planning for future energy structure (reduce the use of fossil-fuel and increase renewable energy construction), that means up to energy saving and emission reduction purpose. The emission reduction of focus is to change the energy structure, reduce fossil-fuel use. China predicting the coal utilization rate under 60% of the total energy consumption. Thus, by 2020, forecast reducing 40-45% CO2 emission based on 1995. EU energy structure better than china, while they planning energy saving reach 20% at 2020, and improve the renewable energy use. By 2020, EU-27 forecast reducing 20% CO2 emission based on 1990 CO2 emission.

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7

Li, Shenxue. "Strategic management of China local knowledge : European multinationals in China". Thesis, Durham University, 2004. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1265/.

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China has been attracting significant foreign investment since it opened up. Yet, foreign investors' performance in this strategic market has been variable. Previous literature does not fully investigate the causes and forces that explain their performance differences. This study contributes to our understanding of this issue by looking into the role of local knowledge and investigating its management strategies. It examines the concept and the nature of local knowledge, identifies local knowledge sources, explores the local knowledge management process, and investigates its implementation in terms of resistances and strategies. The study first advances a general framework of knowledge management. It then introduces the key argument of this theoretical framework into the Chinese business context and develops a theoretical model of strategic management of China local knowledge, from which eight qualitative hypotheses are derived. A multi-method qualitative empirical study was undertaken in order to examine the concept of local knowledge and investigate how local knowledge was actually exploited by multinational firms. Eleven face-to-face interviews with managers from 11 European multinationals in 10 sectors, field observation of 2 Chinese projects involving 6 European companies, and 17 multi-level interviews with local managers from 4 Chinese organizations were conducted. The empirical findings were compared with the key arguments of the theoretical model in order to assess the extent to which they support the theoretical stand, and propose a justified model of strategic management of China local knowledge. It is concluded that the findings supported many, but not all, of the theoretical arguments. The most striking findings are as follows: First, unlike global knowledge transferred to China market, which is codified and accessible, China local knowledge is highly tacit, undiffused and fast-changing. It is this intrinsic and fast-changing nature of China local knowledge determines its greater impact upon the multinational firm's business performance in this dynamic market. Second, local knowledge cannot be effectively managed unless specific management conditions are created. These conditions include common knowledge, multi-layered knowledge interfaces, and a 'pull and push' system. Third, knowledge transfer is not an optimal choice of managing local knowledgc~ to exploit the full value of local knowledge both knowledge transfer approach and knowledge integration mechanism should be employed.

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8

Bonasegale, Luca <1994&gt. "China Wine Revolution: Is China Becoming a World Wine Power?" Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/13990.

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Negli ultimi anni la crescente importanza del mercato del vino cinese ha interessato molti studiosi, che hanno descritto questo mercato prevalentemente da un punto di vista estero per potere inseririsi meglio in esso. Ad ogni modo, l'autore ritiene che sia necessaria anche un'analisi del mercato da una prospettiva cinese. Questo lavoro darà quindi informazioni rilevanti sull'industria vinicola cinese, senza dimenticare la rilevanza straniera su di esso. L'intento di questo studio è quindi quello di fornire una discussione esauriente su come questo mercato si è evoluto, con una particolare attenzione negli ultimi 20 anni, al fine di prevedere le sue tendenze. Il primo capitolo descriverà lo sviluppo dell'industria vinicola cinese e del vino come prodotto, descrivendone le caratteristiche, i vitigni e le principali aree di coltivazione dell'uva. Infine, verrà fornito uno studio approfondito sui cambiamenti del profilo e delle abitudini del consumatore di vino cinese. Nel secondo capitolo verrà presentata una descrizione dello stato del mercato del vino mondiale per meglio evidenziare le peculiarità di quello cinese. Verranno presentati e discussi i dati economici relativi agli ultimi 20 anni. Le principali aziende produttrici di vino del paese, verranno successivamente presentate. Infine, uno studio sui canali di distribuzione del mercato del vino cinese sarà fatto con particolare attenzione alla crescente importanza del commercio elettronico. L'ultimo capitolo si concentrerà sulla struttura legale del vino. Dagli anni '80 sono stati fatti grandi miglioramenti su questo argomento, partendo da una legislazione poco chiara e approssimativa a quella più vicina agli standard internazionali. Le principali leggi relative al vino saranno discusse con un nuovo progetto per un sistema di classificazione e una certificazione di qualità.

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9

Cai, Jie. "Hydropower in China". Thesis, University of Gävle, University of Gävle, Department of Technology and Built Environment, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-5839.

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10

Sun, Yanna. "Shakespeare in China". Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1219421137948-00200.

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Since Shakespeare was introduced to China at the beginning of the 20th Century, the Chinese have translated the English playwright's plays and performed them on the Chinese stage either in the form of spoken drama or the traditional Chinese opera. No matter which approach is chosen to perform the dramatist, it is an intercultural form in introducing him to the Chinese.

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11

Chen, Ze Shang. "Piracy in China". Thesis, University of Macau, 2011. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2488019.

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12

Feldman, Elisabeth. "Scrolling through China". online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2007. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?1443647.

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13

李復愛 e Fuk-oi Lee. "Joyce in China". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3121552X.

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14

李人龍 e Yan-lung Lee. "Advertising in China". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31267427.

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15

莊友梅 e Yau-mui Chong. "Retailing in China". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31267075.

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16

Fox, Thomas. "GSK in China". Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-176485.

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Thomas Fox is the Principle of Advanced Compliance Solutions and practices antibribery/anti-corruption compliance in Houston, Texas. He is the author of several books dealing with anti-bribery and anti-corruption, including most recently Doing Compliance: Design, Create, and Implement an Effective Anti-Corruption Compliance Program. He is the Founder and Editor of the FCPA Compliance and Ethics Blog, is a Contributing Editor to the FCPA Blog, a Contributing Writer to Compliance Week, is a featured contributor to Corporate Compliance Insights (CCI) and is a Columnist for the Society of Corporate Compliance and Ethics (SCCE) magazine. He is the author of numerous articles on the FCPA, UK Bribery Act and compliance and ethics. He is also an internationally recognized speaker in the field of anti-bribery and ant-corruption compliance.

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17

Rafstedt, Josefina, e Lundgren Johanna Friberg. "MADE IN CHINA". Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Textilhögskolan, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-17722.

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Kina har i många år varit ledande inom textil produktion och landets ekonomiska tillväxt har ökat för varje år som går. Trots krisen 2008 lyckades Kina hålla landets ekonomi i schack medan andra av världens stora nationer gick in i en djup kris (Baocheng 2010, ss. 215-226). Under de senaste åren har det även framkommit hur Kinas exploaterade industri har bidragit till den förödande miljöförstöring som råder i landet. Kina har i många år varit Sveriges största importland av textilier. Med ett ökat intresse från det svenska samhället samt företagens fokus på just miljöfrågor och hållbar produktion, så har Kina varit tvungna att stå till svars för detta, något som har haft en stor inverkan på deras ekonomi. I denna studie kommer vi ta upp hur Kinas ekonomiska tillväxt har påverkat både miljön och några av våra svenska textilföretag som har sin produktion i landet. Vi har intervjuat fyra respondenter från olika textilföretag för att få förståelse för hur dessa företag påverkas och agerar i denna fråga. Miljöförstöringen har sin grund i Kinas produktion, som i sin tur har sin grund i landets ekonomiska situation. Den ekonomiska situationen har uppstått ur de politiska dilemman som landet handskats med. Vi har i denna studie gått in i alla dessa faktorer för att se hur detta problem har skapats och med hjälp av vetenskapliga artiklar, dokumentärer och intervjuer försökt besvara dessa frågor. Då det än idag råder korruption under Kinas politiska stämmor är det svårt att få fram pålitliga siffror samt aktuella källor i ämnet. Resultatet i denna studie bygger på de intervjuer vi har gjort med fyra respondenter hos de svenska textilföretag som vi valt ut och som har ställt upp. Här beskriver bland annat majoriteten att de arbetar med någon form av uppförandekod för att främja miljön. Respondenterna svarar även i samma bana vad gäller produktionsland, att de väljer just Kina på grund av landets kapacitet att tillverka det efterfrågade i riktigt god kvalitet. I resultatet berör vi även frågan om påverkan efter Kinas ekonomiska utveckling, vilket för alla studiens respondenter har lett till en dyrare produktion.
Program: Textil produktutveckling och entreprenörskap

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18

Wu, Xiao-ming. "Deconstruction and #China'". Thesis, University of Sussex, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307298.

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19

Zhang, Wei. "Sozialwesen in China". Doctoral thesis, VERLAG DR. KOVAČ, Hamburg, 2004. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A18750.

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Trotz der zunehmenden Bedeutung Chinas bei der globalen, wirtschaftlichen und kulturellen Entwicklung wurde das Thema „Sozialwesen in China“ bisher defizitär behandelt. Das Werk von Zhang Wei ist derzeit die aktuellste Gesamtdarstellung der Thematik, welche auch die historischen und kulturellen Wurzeln mit einbezieht. Vor allem berücksichtigt die Autorin nicht nur die deutsche und englische Fachliteratur, sondern ihr gelingt es auch, eine Vielzahl von chinesischen Originaltexten in übersetzter Form der Leserschaft zugänglich zu machen. Diese hervorragend bewertete Dissertation zählt auch international gesehen zu einer der umfangreichsten Darstellungen des chinesischen Sozialwesens. Seit Anfang der 80er Jahre befindet sich China in einer Phase von zwei Transformationen: Zum einen findet eine Transformation von der sozialistischen Planwirtschaft zur so genannten sozialistischen Marktwirtschaft statt. Zum anderen erfolgt eine Transformation von der traditionellen Gesellschaft zur modernen Gesellschaft. Der tief greifende sozioökonomische Wandel blieb jedoch nicht ohne soziale Auswirkungen sowohl positiver als auch negativer Art. Das alte System der sozialen Sicherung passt nicht mehr zur marktorientierten Wirtschaftsordnung und veränderten Gesellschaftsstruktur. Soziale Probleme, wie steigende Arbeitslosigkeit sowie wachsende Ungleichheit, lösen große Unzufriedenheit in der Bevölkerung aus und bilden ein Unruhepotenzial für die chinesische Politik. Parallel zur Wirtschaftsreform muss das System der sozialen Sicherung reformiert werden. Diese Reformierung soll einerseits die Lücken des bisherigen Systems sozialer Sicherung schließen und andererseits der Unterstützung der Wirtschaftsförderung sowie dem Erhalt der sozialen und politischen Stabilität dienen. Gleichzeitig sollen auch soziale Dienstleistungen entwickelt werden, um die neuen sozialen Aufgaben übernehmen zu können. Die Reformen der sozialen Sicherung sowie die Entwicklung der sozialen Dienstleistungen werden in China als so genannte „ergänzende Reform“ zur Wirtschaftsreform bezeichnet. Diese „ergänzende Reform“, vor allem die einzelnen Reformen der sozialen Sicherung, stellen den Hauptforschungsgegenstand dieser Arbeit dar. Das erste Kapitel bietet eine historische Betrachtung, in welcher die Vorläufer, die Aktivitäten, die Gesetze sowie die Entwicklung von sozialen Maßnahmen bis 1949 einleitend dargestellt und das kulturelle Erbe der Wohlfahrt basierend auf den Konfuzianismus des traditionellen Chinas zusammengefasst werden. Die Basis bilden hier die Familie und die Verwandtschaftssysteme. Von dort aus werden komplexere Strukturen bis hin zur Ökonomie und zum Staat betrachtet. Vor dem Hintergrund der traditionellen Werte werden dann die institutionellen Arrangements der sozialen Sicherung untersucht. Dieser Teil trägt zum kulturellen und philosophischen Verständnis der heutigen Sozialpolitik bei. Auf der Grundlage dieser Darstellung wird im zweiten Kapitel die soziale Sicherung nach Gründung der VR China von 1949 bis 1978 beschrieben. Dabei werden sowohl die Basisebene als auch die übergeordnete Ebene der Regierungsstellen von der Autorin näher betrachtet. Es erfolgt eine differenzierte Darstellung der städtischen Basisebene der sozialen Sicherung, die durch danweis und Straßenkomitees gekennzeichnet ist und der ländlichen Basisebene, die aus Kommunen und Produktionsbrigaden besteht. Deutlich wird u.a., dass es sich auch in der Mao-Phase um eine Fortsetzung der Versorgungsleistungen der Clan- und Dorfgemeinschaften aus der Vergangenheit handelte und der Staat sich nur auf Rahmenregelungen beschränkte. Das Ganze war wirtschaftlich ineffizient, weil es keine direkten Beziehungen zwischen Beiträgen und Leistungen gab und die danweis eine „kleine Gesellschaft“ im Staate bildeten. Dieses Kapitel dient als gesellschaftliche Voraussetzung der sozialen Sicherung der Gegenwart. Im dritten Kapitel werden Wirtschaftsreformen, demographische Entwicklung und gesellschaftliche Veränderungen seit 1979 dargestellt. Die Autorin systematisiert dabei die gewaltigen Veränderungen im Erwerbsbereich beim Übergang von der Plan- zur Marktwirtschaft in Stadt und Land, um dann die sozialen Folgen zu beschreiben: Ende der „eisernen Reisschüssel“, Wanderbevölkerung, Veränderungen in den Familien und Wertvorstellungen. Mit dem Rückgang der Kinderzahl infolge der „Familienplanung“ bei gleichzeitiger Überalterung sowie einem erst im Aufbau befindlichen Rentensystem kommen neue Probleme auf. Dabei widmet sich die Autorin auch der veränderten Stellung der Frau und einigen weiteren negativen Folgen des sozialen Wandels: Kriminalität, Prostitution, Suchtverhalten. Der sozioökonomische Wandel und die demographische Entwicklung charakterisieren die heutige soziale Sicherung sowie die Bedingungen für deren Reform. Das vierte Kapitel behandelt die gegenwärtige Situation jeweils auf Makro- und Mikroebene. Es werden Reformen der sozialen Sicherung jeweils in den Städten und auf dem Lande intensiv betrachtet. Im Wesentlichen handelt es sich dabei um die Kranken-, Renten- und Arbeitslosenversicherung in den entwickelten Gebieten. Es werden auch Fragen der Armut und Sozialhilfe ausführlich dargestellt. Dabei werden regionale Reformmodelle präsentiert. Anschließend wird die Rolle des Staates analysiert, wobei Probleme und Eigenartigkeit der Reformpolitik zusammengefasst werden. Im fünften Kapitel wird die Entwicklung der sozialen Dienstleistungen vor allem im halb-staatlichen und nicht-staatlichen Bereich behandelt. Die Schwerpunkte dabei sind Institutionen und Berufe der Sozialen Arbeit. Hier reicht das Themenspektrum von intermediären Organisationen bis hin zu Verberuflichung und Professionalisierung der Sozialen Arbeit. Ergebnis ist, dass durch den Zerfall des danwei-Systems, die teilweise Privatisierung sozialer Leistungen in den Städten, zunehmende Armut auf dem Lande, intermediäre Organisationen die entstehende Lücke ausfüllen sollen. Dabei werden die NGOs und deren Unterstützung aus Hongkong bzw. dem Ausland sehr differenziert betrachtet und entsprechende Verbesserungsvorschläge angebracht. Danach wird exemplarisch und regional die Altersversorgung (ambulant und stationär) untersucht. Im letzten Teil dieses Kapitels skizziert die Autorin die in China stattfindende Ausbildung und Professionalisierung der Sozialen Arbeit ausschließlich anhand von Originalquellen. Abschließend wird im sechsten Kapitel eine vergleichende Betrachtung der Wohlfahrtssysteme Chinas und Deutschlands theoretisch und zusammenfassend beschrieben. Hier werden Parallelen zwischen dem China Ende der 70er Jahre und Deutschland zwischen 1871 und 1918 aufgezeigt und auch Unterschiede klar herausgearbeitet. Perspektivisch werden in der Schlussbemerkung neben einem Resümee auch weitergehende Desiderate formuliert.

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Haellmigk, Philip. "Iran, Russia, China". Universität Leipzig, 2020. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A72843.

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Since the Trump election, the subject of extra-territorial application of national law – in particular U.S. law – has received considerable attention. This is so because the U.S. administration increasingly uses this legal tool to enforce its foreign policy interests. A legal area with a particularly strong reach of extra-territoriality is U.S. export controls as this allows the U.S. to control foreign states’ business. A very recent and vivid example is the Huawei trade ban by the U.S. The purpose of this article is to show the (harsh) legal and economic effects, which the extra-territorial application of U.S. export-related laws have on international trade. The article will focus on the approach taken by the U.S. to impose its export controls outside the U.S. It will analyze the legal framework of extra-territorial U.S. export controls and explore to which extent the U.S. laws apply to foreign business, i.e., business outside the U.S. The article will define the cases in which foreign companies are subject to U.S. export controls and therefore must comply with U.S. regulations. It will show that the applicability of U.S. export controls to foreign companies and their business is considerably broad. It rigorously controls the destiny of U.S. origin products and components once they have been exported from U.S. territory and also regulates the worldwide export of products that have been manufactured by using U.S. technology. In addition, U.S. export controls impose economic sanctions on countries (e.g., Iran) or companies (e.g., Huawei) and prohibit foreign companies from doing business with these sanctioned parties. Understanding U.S. export controls and its extra-territorial reach are a challenge for foreign companies. It is a rather complex legal system that requires deeper knowledge of the underlying concept. However, foreign companies are well advised to comply with U.S. export controls, as the penalties for violations can be severe, including millions of dollars in fines and even imprisonment. In addition, the U.S. may blacklist foreign companies with the effect that business with the U.S. or elsewhere is no longer possible. Therefore, understanding U.S. export controls and its extra-territorial reach is vital to foreign companies.

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Zhang, Wei. "Sozialwesen in China". Doctoral thesis, Hamburg : Kovač, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:ch1-200701074.

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Chong, Yau-mui. "Retailing in China /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17957679.

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Lee, Fuk-oi. "Joyce in China /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19470502.

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Lee, Yan-lung. "Advertising in China /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17982467.

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Shao, Jiang. "Minkan in China, 1949-89". Thesis, University of Westminster, 2011. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/90034/minkan-in-china-1949-89.

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This paper presents the first panoramic study of minkan (citizen publications) in China from the 1950s until the 1980s. The purpose of doing so is to recover the thoughts and practice obliterated by state power by examining unofficial magazines as having social, political and historical functions. Moreover, it attempts to examine this recent history against the backdrop of the much older history of Chinese print culture and its renaissance. The study of unofficial magazine in post-1949 China contributes to the recovery of a lost past resistance. It is an exercise in remembering in the context of marginalisation and exclusion by official history. Furthermore, it examines the reconstruction of the narrative of Chinese modern history, and the building up of a civil society that is independent of both the state elite and the new apolitical bourgeoisie in Mainland China. Minkan in this thesis has multiple connotations: as unofficial magazine, as civic expression, and as a way of resistance. The media of minkan take in various formats: public squares, posters, walls, book series and so on. By researching the lifespan of a minkan I attempt to make transparent both the idea and the concrete dynamics of its practice. Drawing on the theories of civil society and the public sphere, this study explores the creative practice of minkan as a revival of the concept of ‘moveable words’ in the Chinese print tradition.

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Cheng, Po-ming George, e 鄭寶銘. "The problem of China: British writings on China in the 1920s". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48079789.

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This dissertation examines the British conception of the problem of China in the 1920s, as reflected through political writings on the country. The focus of this study is on the texts of three authors: Bertrand Russell, Rodney Gilbert, and Arthur Ransome. Though coming from diverse traditions and drastically dissimilar political backgrounds, these writers, like many other British writers at the time, had come to view China as being essentially problematic – a view that is open to multiple interpretations, and perhaps deliberately so. Books with titles such as The Problem of China, The Chinese Puzzle, What’s Wrong with China, and Is China Mad?, to name a few, reveal a way of thinking about the country that was prevalent and well-entrenched. Demands for books on a problematic China reveal a desire, on the part of the British home audience, not only to gain a better understanding as to the constitution of problem, but also to appreciate how this Chinese problem can affect Britain, and how it can be resolved. What is interesting, however, upon examining these texts that seek to explicate the titular problem, is that one discovers that there is hardly a consensus among these This dissertation examines the British conception of the problem of China in the 1920s, as reflected through political writings on the country. The focus of this study is on the texts of three authors: Bertrand Russell, Rodney Gilbert, and Arthur Ransome. Though coming from diverse traditions and drastically dissimilar political backgrounds, these writers, like many other British writers at the time, had come to view China as being essentially problematic – a view that is open to multiple interpretations, and perhaps deliberately so. Books with titles such as The Problem of China, The Chinese Puzzle, What’s Wrong with China, and Is China Mad?, to name a few, reveal a way of thinking about the country that was prevalent and well-entrenched. Demands for books on a problematic China reveal a desire, on the part of the British home audience, not only to gain a better understanding as to the constitution of problem, but also to appreciate how this Chinese problem can affect Britain, and how it can be resolved. What is interesting, however, upon examining these texts that seek to explicate the titular problem, is that one discovers that there is hardly a consensus among these
published_or_final_version
English
Master
Master of Philosophy

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Fang, Xiaodong. "Anti-China rhetoric, presidential elections and U.S. foreign policy towards China". Thesis, Georgetown University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10128065.

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Is anti-China rhetoric an effective strategy in U.S. presidential campaigns? If the answer is Yes, then to what extent does anti-China rhetoric affect them? If the answer is No, then why have so many presidential candidates used anti-China rhetoric in recent campaigns? Is anti-China rhetoric only election-driven? Is it also policy-driven? Do presidential candidates use anti-China rhetoric to seek voter support, as well as propose changes in U.S. foreign policy towards China?

Conventional wisdom and scholars like Robert Sutter suggest that foreign policy has little effect on American presidential elections and anti-foreign rhetoric by presidential candidates does not matter to American foreign policy and foreign relations. In this dissertation, however, I argue the opposite that anti-China rhetoric exercises significant influence on American presidential elections and foreign policy towards China. The dissertation addresses two fundamental questions: 1) what is the effect of anti-China rhetoric on American presidential elections? And 2) what is the effect of anti-China rhetoric on American foreign policy towards China, American public opinion towards China, and U.S.-China relationship? To answer the first question about elections, I focus on televised campaign commercials and statistically estimate the effect of anti-China rhetoric on seeking voter support in the presidential election. The data I examine come from the “Wisconsin Advertising Project” and various election polls in 2008. I answer the second question about foreign policy by exploring the contents of anti-China rhetoric in campaign activities including ads, candidates’ speeches and debates, and public statements about policy towards China and how that rhetoric affects subsequent American foreign policy towards China, as well as public opinion of China and U.S.-China relations. My statistical and qualitative analyses find that airing ads using anti-China rhetoric increases the presidential candidate’s voter support in target states; that the administration is more likely to make tough foreign policies towards China when there is more anti-China rhetoric by presidential candidates; and thirdly, that anti-China rhetoric during the election year negatively affects American opinions of China but produces a positive impact on U.S.-China relations.

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Kim, Chun-Shik. "Deutscher Kulturimperialismus in China : deutsches Kolonialschulwesen in Kiautschou (China) 1898-1914 /". Stuttgart : F. Steiner, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39985326j.

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Li, Xiaodong. "American policy on China, 1949-1971 : a study of correlation between America's perception of China and its China policy /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19859685.

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Johansson, Cecilia, e Elisabeth Reischl. "Offshoring to China : A case study of an SMEs offshoring to China". Thesis, University of Kalmar, Baltic Business School, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-1819.

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The rising globalisation, supported by rapid technology innovations has changed our current business environment within the last years. As a result, especially SMEs have to cope with a higher pressure of maximising their efficiency and competitiveness in order to survive on the market. Nevertheless, many managers recognised the great potential of outsourcing to utilise the enormous benefits of external suppliers to solve this problem. For instance, it enables the SMEs to concentrate on their core capabilities combined with exploiting synergy affects of the supplier cooperation as costs savings, access to R&D knowledge etc. But the outsourcing dimension changed as well, due to the increased globalisation, companies are not hesitating anymore to step over their country boundaries and offshore to high promising emerging countries like China. However, offshoring cannot perform miracles, more it presents one of the most strategic and complex decisions affecting the whole company.

Based on these facts, this Master Thesis investigates how an SME should outsource to China. The basis of the outsourcing decision is examined to make the right strategic decision, which is illustrated with a developed model. More, the supplier selection and maintenance are explained, followed by the description of the facts which have to be considered when offshoring to China. Particularly due to the focus on offshoring to China, this thesis will further look into the affects of the Chinese culture on the companies’ networks. The research is based on a case study, which is further used to derive general conclusions for other SMEs.

The result of the investigation is that SMEs should decide which parts to outsource from a strategic point of view. Further to cope with the lack of resources and the Chinese cultural issues the cooperation with an intermediary is recommended.

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Nieuwenhuis, Marijn. "Producing China : the politics of space in the making of modern China". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2013. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/60419/.

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This thesis entails an analysis of the relationship between space and politics in the construction and legitimisation of modern China. The thesis argues that the production of space has since the onset of modernity in China, in itself very much a spatial process, played a substantial yet, largely unexplored and academically unacknowledged role in both the construction of the nation state and the legitimisation of political ideologies. I wish to show that the production of modern space has since the mid-17th century played an increasingly vital role in the abstract concretisation and the everyday diffusion of the geographic imagination of the Chinese nation state. The state, in other words, legitimises its existence through the reification of space. This thesis contributes to a historical and spatial understanding of the role of geographies of power in creating an alternative understanding of what China is and how it is (re-)produced spatially. Such an understanding problematises the realised abstraction of the Chinese nation state and politicises the production and representation of space in China. The thesis thus questions notions of Chinese essentialism, Chinese history, Chinese architecture and other expressions of state spaces. The position that this thesis takes is that the production of space gives form and meaning to the political. The thesis looks at a variety of spatial techniques of power by analysing the politics of cartography, urban planning, architecture and other forms of production of space. By emphasising the politics of space, this thesis is a work of political geography on the subject of modern Chinese state space. This thesis comprises six chapters, an introduction and a conclusion.

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De, Cure Gregory John. "Dividing China : crises of identity and state in traditional and modern China /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09ard2781.pdf.

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Yao, Xin. "The voice of China : interactive television and participatory audiences in mainland China". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2017. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/67701/.

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In 2012, the most popular reality TV show in China was The Voice of China (TVoC). It is an adaptation of The Voice of Holland, the format of which has been traded to many countries. Unlike its international versions, audiences cannot vote in TVoC due to government regulations. This research focuses on audience engagement with TVoC (2012), in light of this crucial difference. To investigate how audiences engage and make meanings with the show, this thesis is the first study approaches audience engagement in China by examining the tensions between government media policies, industry strategies and audience reception. Building on existing literature on media convergence and participatory culture in the West, this thesis argues that Internet technologies alongside social media enable and stimulate individual critical thinking and creativities which resist structural constraints such as censorship and commercialisation. Although direct online political participation is censored in China, audiences express and negotiate power as ways to construct political values. These online engagements bring new perspectives to understand participatory culture and ‘empowerment’ of audiences. Using political economy frameworks, this thesis highlights the power of government media policies in shaping TV industry and media content. Analysis of how the industry interprets and implements policies demonstrates how production companies use social media in attracting and cultivating audiences as part of promotional strategies. Adopting a historical reception approach with online ethnography, this study analyses how Chinese audiences engage with TVoC differently on two social media platforms: Sina Weibo and Baidu Tieba. It finds the active engagement of Chinese audiences/fans can be read as grassroots resistance, which can be achieved through different practices through different platforms. The multiple-level analysis of this research provides a new and comprehensive approach to the transformational nature of online participatory culture with regard to reality television in non-Western contexts.

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Durani, Luis A. "China and the South China Sea: The Emergence of the Huaqing Doctrine". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64376.

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China and the South China Sea region will play an important role in global and US strategic policy for the foreseeable future. Because China is an upcoming global economic power, the US and other nations must become cognizant of China's motivations in the South China Sea in order to avoid conflict, which seems inevitable. The purpose of this thesis is to examine China's conflicts/tensions in the South China Sea, specifically the Spratly Islands, Paracel Islands, Taiwan, ASEAN, and US Navy. Discussions on the evolution of the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) will also provide additional insight to China's actions in the region. Understanding China's history, role, and claims in the region begins to paint a picture that the PLAN are operating under a principle very similar to the Monroe Doctrine, which allowed the US unfettered access to the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico. Lastly, the thesis will demonstrate that the Chinese version of the Monroe Doctrine as well the country's desire to establish dominance in the South China Sea, which she sees as her "lost territory", is derived from the fear of an encirclement strategy implemented by the US and a nascent US-backed collective security regime, ASEAN.
Master of Arts

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Arribas-Douglas, Miramelinda Badri. "China's Response to Disputes in the South China and East China Seas". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1449844399.

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Aste, Sofie. "China Through the Looking Glass : Exploring the Swedish China Image Through Framing". Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-9670.

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Building on the assumption that the image of China within the Swedish state is pluralist, the aim of this study is to explore this plurality through the lens of Pan Chengxin’s paradigms “China threat” and “China opportunity”. A second aim is to contribute to the theory by applying it in a different context compared to where it originated. This is explored through the method of frame analysis and interpretive text analysis. The study shows that the image is indeed pluralist and differs between entities. Frames that are commonly used by one entity are non-existent in texts by another. There are also differences in emphasis within frames and within entities. Understanding how China is framed and imagined in different parts of the Swedish state can be useful in itself as it helps us understand that the relationship between Sweden and China is complex and dynamic. Furthermore, the study shows that while Pan’s paradigms can be a useful outset point, one cannot understand the Swedish image of China without also looking beyond them. The Swedish China image holds nuances unaccounted for by the theory, particularly in the perception of China as heterogenous to a higher extent than anticipated.

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Baldini, Alessia <1990&gt. "Il Fashion System Cinese. Dal "Made in China" al "Designed in China"". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/7525.

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Lo scopo della presente tesi è quello di delineare e descrivere il mondo della moda e il mercato del lusso nella Cina di oggi. La prima parte dell’analisi proposta inizia con un’introduzione sulla breve storia della moda cinese, dove si noterà il grande ritardo rispetto all’Europa con cui la Cina ha iniziato ad operare nel settore moda. In questa sezione verranno inoltre sottolineati gli errori compiuti dal gigante asiatico nel definire e rendere proprio il concetto di moda, con la conseguente mancanza di idee e tecniche nella creazione di capi di abbigliamento unici e iconici. Verranno analizzati i cambiamenti che il mondo del lusso ha subito in Cina, in particolare soffermandosi sul periodo più attuale, dagli anni ’90 ad oggi. Si delineerà inoltre il ritratto del consumatore cinese tipo di prodotti di lusso e attraverso l’analisi proposta, si potrà notare, come i gusti di questo consumatore siano sensibilmente cambiati negli ultimi 20 anni. Molti cinesi benestanti amano recarsi ogni anno in Europa per i loro acquisti, essere preparati ad accoglierli nelle nostre boutique nei migliori dei modi, durante queste vere e proprie “shopping mission”, è di fondamentale importanza. La presente tesi è rivolta anche alle relazioni nel mondo della moda che la Cina ha intrapreso con l’Europa negli ultimi anni, prima di tutto analizzando come e con quali strategie, dagli ‘anni 90 in poi, i grandi marchi del lusso Europei si siano gradualmente introdotti sul mercato cinese, e successivamente come i primi designer cinesi affermatesi sul territorio, abbiano avuto modo di mostrare le loro creazioni durante le settimane della moda Europea, in particolare quelle di Milano e Parigi. Un capitolo è dedicato proprio a questi nuovi designer emergenti cinesi, alla loro formazione, spesso avvenuta in Europa e al desiderio di questi ultimi, attraverso i loro progetti, di trasformare la Cina dal paese della produzione (Made in China), nel nuovo paese della creazione (Designed in China). Oggi in Cina diversi marchi di moda occidentali stanno lentamente notando un rallentamento dei consumi nel mercato interno, per le profonde differenze di prezzo che uno stesso oggetto, a causa dei dazi di importazione, presenta rispetto al reale valore di tale pezzo in Europa. Verranno analizzate le strategie di mercato utili a livellare i prezzi a livello mondiale e a dare una spinta ai consumi interni che diverse griffe mondiali hanno applicato. Infine, la prima parte si chiude con un capitolo dedicato al ruolo della pubblicità in Cina, ed in particolare all’importanza che le riviste di moda più famose hanno avuto negli ultimi anni sul territorio cinese, tra queste la più prestigiosa è Vogue. La seconda parte è dedicata alla traduzione in lingua italiana di sette articoli di moda presi dalla rivista Vogue China. Ogni articolo ha affrontato tematiche diverse, ma la traduzione è stata utile a dimostrare come il mondo della moda sia oggi assolutamente internazionale e parli un linguaggio comune in tutto il mondo, non importa con quale lingua sia scritto il messaggio. Infine, la terza parte è dedicata al commento traduttologico e alle varie soluzioni adottate dal traduttore ad alcuni problemi riscontrati in fase di traduzione.

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Jung, Han-Su. "China's policy change toward the Korean Peninsula "from one Korea to two Koreas" /". access full-text online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2001. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?1404921.

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Smith, Steven Harrison. "Urban Chinese residents practicing autonomy through consumerism from 1993 to present". Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41548619.

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Chen, Zhihong. "Stretching the skin of the nation : Chinese intellectuals, the state, and the frontiers in the Nanjing decade (1927-1937) /". Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1617338881&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2008.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 273-304). Also available online in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.

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Zhou, Yun, e Quanfeng Wang. "Wind power in China". Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Technology and Built Environment, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-4879.

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n today's complex environment, clear and sustainable energy is needed to support society development. How to develop the sustainable energy is a core issue in China. Compared with traditional energy, Wind energy has many advantages such as non-fuel cost, less pollution. And wind energy has the absolute advantage that it is worldwide available. In many courtiers, wind energy has become a major part of their plans for sustainable development. The primary goal of this paper is to analysis advantages and disadvantages of wind power in China and the development potential of wind power in China. In this paper the main methodology is using the information about wind power in China, which is including current situation, development stage, industry development stage, and combining the real case to analysis wind power development potential in China. There are six parts of this paper which are the overview of wind power in china; case description, analysis, conclusions, suggestion, development perspectives and imagination In the first part, the overview of wind power in china, the history of wind power in china, wind resource distribution, wind power development stages, the situation of some key regions, wind power industry develop stage and also some policies about wind power of Chinese government are discussed. The goal of this part is giving some fundamental information about wind power in China. In the second part, a real case has been described, and according to this case, the construction cost of a wind power plant in China has been discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of wind power are also analyzed based on this case study, such as long-team return, environmental impact, and also some other problem analysis. After the analysis parts, there are the conclusion parts, those parts are about the development perspectives and imagination of wind power in China.

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Draper, Gil Gerard. "Idol Show in China". Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Telematics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-9492.

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Our objective is to test the performance of a real SMS Processing System. We will work with Boost Communications, a norwegian company that is developing a SMS Processing System to sell interactive SMS solutions. With our test, we want to be able to put the system performance into numbers, and to identify and eliminate possible bottlenecks. In order to achieve our objective we will use different techniques. First, we wil build an analytic model, a simple one, an we will use It to try to identtify the main weak points on the Architechture. Once built, we will run a few tests on the Architecture to identify our modeled parameters values. The second step will be to build a simulation model using the knowledge we will had achieved while doing the analityc model and the first tests. At the end, we will have to be able to point the bottlenecks and offer solutions to them. These solutions can be hardware based, or software based

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Lao, Kin Mei. "Entrepreneur motivation in China". Thesis, University of Macau, 2003. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636654.

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Chan, Fong Ieong. "Habit formation in China". Thesis, University of Macau, 2008. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1783669.

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Karlsson, Victoria. "Environmental management in China". Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-58642.

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In this study the aim was to investigate and nuance how the Volvo Construction Equipment (VCE) production Hub can evolve their environmental work, at Chinese wheel loader producer Shandong Lingong (SDLG), to reach Volvo standard. The study also aimed to investigate what international companies in China should take into consideration in their environmental work. The work was carried out by answering the following research questions; In which way or ways can the VCE Hub at SDLG evolve their environmental work to reach Volvo standard? What should international companies take into consideration in their environmental work when establishing on the Chinese market, and why? A lot of the information in this Thesis is based on empirical data, i.e. interviews. Three interviews with Swedish companies have been carried out. They are all highly valuing Environmental work but use different methods, their situations are unlike and they produce diverse products. Several interviews with people working with environmental issues in different ways have also been done, as well as with the SGS; a Chinese certification body. Three different companies with production in or around Shanghai were chosen; Volvo CE, SKF, and Sandvik. All three companies are originally Swedish but with production in China. Environmental work is highly prioritized in Sweden and the companies have global environmental policies and goals. The three companies were chosen because they are in different production areas but they are striving in the same direction with environmental issues in China. They are working differently and their situations are of various kinds. In 2006 Volvo CE invested in a Chinese wheel loader producer named Shandong Lingong. Volvo CE has a Hub, at the plant, which runs independently. SDLG are still not ISO 14001 certified and do not have an environmental management system (EMS) that is conformably with the Volvo demands. The most important to take into consideration when doing business in China is according to the study; top management support, to do training for the employees, mediate the importance of awareness, and to have knowledge about Chinese regulations. These are some of the issues International companies have to deal with when doing business in China. A well established EMS is a necessity for a good environmental work. To implement an EMS in the Hub as a pilot project is the best solution according to the information gathered in this thesis. SDLG could be a part-, they can evaluate-, and later it could be possible to implement the process in the whole SDLG. Due to this methodology they will learn how to work according to Volvo requirements and obtain benefits of an implementation. There are three different alternatives for the ISO 14001 certification of the Hub according to this work. For the Hub to be ISO 14001 certified together with another Volvo plant seems to be the best alternative thought it reduces the amount of work with legal authorities. VCE’s EMS will also not be compared with SDLG and it will be moneysaving. The policies and Environmental aspects (EA) though have to be rewritten to be suitable for both the factories.

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46

Tan, Michael N. T. School of Modern Language Studies UNSW. "Corporate governance in China". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Modern Language Studies, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/24269.

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Since the late nineteen nineties, corporate governance has been recognised by the Chinese leadership as being an integral and vital part of economic reform. At the macro level the reform is to transition to a market economy and at the micro level, business enterprises are adopting sound standards of corporate governance. This thesis analyses the various models: the shareholder value, the stakeholder, the stewardship and the convergence models of corporate governance. It looks at the Chinese scenario - what model of governance has China adopted and is it appropriate? What problems of corporate governance are special to China and how are these problems being resolved? Many of the problems are due to the fact that China has adopted the shareholder value model ??? a model based on the UK / USA. However, unlike them, China does not posses the requisite institutions necessary to underpin the efficient functioning of the model. The Chinese capital markets are nascent and not well regulated, the rule of law is tentative and the regulatory bodies are lacking in enforcement powers. In an effort to encourage good corporate governance, the China Securities Regulatory Commission promulgated the QFII (Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor) scheme in December 2002 in the hope that by opening the domestic securities market to foreign financial institutions, this would result in the implementation of sound corporate governance in Chinese listed companies as they vied to attract foreign shareholders. A survey was carried out and the results have only been mildly encouraging. The QFII has not had the dramatic impact that was expected of it initially and the reason is that the quotas allocated have been small and the QFII have had many restrictions placed. Until these are loosened the impact of the QFII will continue to be modest.

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47

Burathoki, Tunna P. "China and peripheral conflicts". University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Arts, 2004. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00002825/.

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[Abstract]: China’s enormous size and stature as a new hub of economic growth in tandem with its military modernisation make China a rising power. The strategic consequences of China’s economic growth synergised with its military muscles are multiple and profound, especially, for the neighbours in its conflict-prone periphery. The aim of this dissertation is not only to assess the importance and complexities of conflicts in the periphery of China, but also about the necessity for the neighbours to coexist with a more powerful China. At the same time, in the Chinese geopolitical context, domestic stability and hence, the CCP’s legitimacy has been perpetually paramount, and external threats or conflicts are usually perceived in the context of aggravating domestic and international stability, thereby hampering its strategic aim of achieving global economic command and power-projection military capability.With the dawn of 21st century, China is grooving to an exuberant global beat, the intensity of conflicts along China’s periphery has dimmed to such an extent that its political, economic, and social order will probably not disintegrate into chaos in the near future. Instead, China’s rapidly growing economic capacity and its soaring prestige in faraway capitals like Washington and Paris has meant an expansion of Chinese “soft power”, i.e., an assertive China with an ability to get what it wants by attracting and persuading others to adopt its goals, instead of blunt economic and military coercion. And, China could reasonably be expected to manage most, if not all, the conflicts in its periphery to its own advantage. These include: efforts to augment its military capabilities in a manner commensurate with its increased economic muscle and acquire new allies and underwrite the protection of others in its periphery. It is unlikely that the PRC will actually acquire new or reclaim old territory for China’s resources or for symbolic reasons by penalizing, if necessary, any opponents or bystanders who resist such claims. While it may wish to redress past wrongs it believes to have suffered; or attempt to rewrite the prevailing international “rules of game” to better reflect its own geostrategic interests; or in the most extreme policy choice, perhaps even ready itself for preventive war or to launch predatory attacks on its foes on the pretext of the “cult of defence,” – all of which have been seen as the bedrock of the contemporary China’s strategic culture, however, it is iiprobable that China will not pursue these at the cost of its future economic and/or social security agenda.

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Zhong, Ningsha. "University autonomy in China". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0005/NQ27760.pdf.

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Pola, Lisa. "Housing reform in China /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arp762.pdf.

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Cheng, Yueh Lee, e 鄭月裡. "Muslim Conflicts of North-West in Ching China". Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12454769410399316224.

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