Bibliografias temáticas / Wildfires x Prevention and control

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Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Wildfires x Prevention and control"

Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 29 de julho de 2024
Última modificação: 1 de agosto de 2024

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Wildfires x Prevention and control"

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C. Stanley, Okoro, Lopez Alexander e Unuriode O. Austine. "Proactive Wildfire Detection and Management using AI, ML, and 5G Technology in the United States". International Journal of Data Mining & Knowledge Management Process 14, n.º 1/2 (29 de março de 2024): 01–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijdkp.2023.14201.

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Over the past few years, wildfires have become a worldwide environmental emergency, resulting in substantial harm to natural habitats and playing a part in the acceleration of climate change. Wildfire management methods involve prevention, response, and recovery efforts. Despite improvements in detection techniques, the rising occurrence of wildfires demands creative solutions for prompt identification and effective control. This research investigates proactive methods for detecting and handling wildfires in the United States, utilizing Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and 5G technology. The specific objective of this research covers proactive detection and prevention of wildfires using advanced technology; Active monitoring and mapping with remote sensing and signaling leveraging on 5G technology; and Advanced response mechanisms to wildfire using drones and IOT devices. This study was based on secondary data collected from government databases and analyzed using descriptive statistics. In addition, past publications were reviewed through content analysis, and narrative synthesis was used to present the observations from various studies. The results showed that developing new technology presents an opportunity to detect and manage wildfires proactively. Utilizing advanced technology could save lives and prevent significant economic losses caused by wildfires. Various methods, such as AI-enabled remote sensing and 5G-based active monitoring, can enhance proactive wildfire detection and management. In addition, super intelligent drones and IOT devices can be used for safer responses to wildfires. This forms the core of the recommendation to the fire Management Agencies and the government.
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Perminov, Vladislav V., Danil S. Vorobiev, Denis P. Kasymov e Vladislava V. Perminova. "Technologies for the prevention and extinguishing of wildfires in Russia and the world: the dynamics of patent activity and patentological prospects". RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety 30, n.º 3 (13 de setembro de 2022): 227–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2310-2022-30-3-227-239.

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Рresents a patent review of technologies for the prevention and extinguishing of wildfires in the Russian Federation and the world over the last 30 years. The analysis of patent documents shows that there have been around 300 patent applications per year throughout the study period. The patent offices of China and the United States possess the largest number of patent families. In addition, China has a large number of patents with little legal protection, i.e. to protect specific technical solutions. In the Russian Federation, research organizations in the regions with extensive forest resources and a complex fire situation focus on developments in the field of prevention and extinguishing of wildfires. Technical solutions of Russian developers are relevant since they correspond to global patenting trends and have the thoroughly studied application materials. However, Russian patent holders experience difficulties when their developments enter into civil circulation, which decreases the number of valid protective documents. Thus, the transfer of technologies for the prevention and extinguishing of forest fires needs to be developed. The main technological areas of application are Environmental Technologies, Control, Transport, Measurement, and Computer and Telecommunication Technologies. The distribution shows that traditional ways of fighting fires are being improved, mainly fire-fighting equipment with the most active development of technologies for detecting, monitoring and controlling forest fires. Additional analysis of records has identified software products, registered in the Russian Federation, which are designed to prevent and extinguish wildfires. The prospects of patenting have been assessed and the features of conducting a patent search on this subject have been indicated.
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Lasanta, T., M. Khorchani, F. Pérez-Cabello, P. Errea, R. Sáenz-Blanco e E. Nadal-Romero. "Clearing shrubland and extensive livestock farming: Active prevention to control wildfires in the Mediterranean mountains". Journal of Environmental Management 227 (dezembro de 2018): 256–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.08.104.

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Mohammad, Sohail. "Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of Wildfire Exposure". Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (maio de 2019): s152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19003418.

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Introduction:Wildfires are life threatening incessant fires in thickly vegetated areas that spread extremely rapidly to human habitat and are difficult to control by human force. The impact of wildfires is enormous on population health and causes tremendous financial burden to individuals and communities.Aim:The aim is to understand the potential disease burden secondary to wildfires both at an individual and population level and reflect upon the immediate and delayed neuropsychiatric manifestations of smoke exposure.Methods:Data on wildfires associated direct and indirect costs on individual health and health care delivery appears to be scant. The effort of this presentation is to present the federal data from 2012 to 2016 on nationwide wildfires, estimated acreage consumed in wildfires, the population exposed, and deaths. Information was extracted from the National Interagency Fire Center, the United States Fire Administration, and the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Through literature review on neuropsychological sequelae of wildfires smoke inhalation and associated trauma, the goal is to reflect upon potential healthcare burden secondary to neuropsychiatric manifestations.Results:Per National Center for Health Statistics, the national fire death rates from 2012 to 2016 ranged 10 to 11 per million population each year, and the property loss both residential and non-residential was estimated at 9 to 10 billion dollars each year. We know healthcare cost is expensive in the United States, and with the stated estimates, one can only envision the health care and public health system burden.Discussion:The characteristic neuropathology of carbon monoxide toxicity is bilateral Globus pallidus necrosis and the common neuropsychological symptoms include fatigue, affective conditions, emotional distress, memory deficits, sleep disturbance, vertigo, dementia, and psychosis. The health effects and associated disability demand policymakers to allocate resources for wildfire prevention/ containment and primary health care providers education, research, and building effective healthcare delivery systems.
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Steele, TW, e JC Stier. "An Economic Evaluation of Public and Organized Wildfire Detection in Wisconsin". International Journal of Wildland Fire 8, n.º 4 (1998): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf9980205.

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Early detection is the first step toward effective wildfire control. This study used cost-benefit techniques to evaluate the economic efficiency of fixed lookouts for wildfire detection in Wisconsin. Costs and benefits were assessed relative to a baseline scenario of public detection alone. Analyses revealed that fixed lookouts were economically efficient in aggregate; however, their performance varied considerably among administrative areas and among lookouts. Twenty-five percent of the fixed lookouts detected the majority of wildfires and accounted for virtually all suppression cost savings and property damage prevention. Additional analyses showed that fixed lookouts and the public saw wildfire that were significantly different. Specifically, the public tended to detect wildfires in developed areas at a relatively early stage, whereas fixed lookouts spotted fires in more remote, sparsely populated regions. These findings suggest that opportunities exist to enhance wildfire detection efficiency and cost effectiveness by selectively adjusting lookout use.
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Rjoub, Doaa, Ahmad Alsharoa e Ala’eddin Masadeh. "Unmanned-Aircraft-System-Assisted Early Wildfire Detection with Air Quality Sensors". Electronics 12, n.º 5 (4 de março de 2023): 1239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12051239.

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Numerous hectares of land are destroyed by wildfires every year, causing harm to the environment, the economy, and the ecology. More than fifty million acres have burned in several states as a result of recent forest fires in the Western United States and Australia. According to scientific predictions, as the climate warms and dries, wildfires will become more intense and frequent, as well as more dangerous. These unavoidable catastrophes emphasize how important early wildfire detection and prevention are. The energy management system described in this paper uses an unmanned aircraft system (UAS) with air quality sensors (AQSs) to monitor spot fires before they spread. The goal was to develop an efficient autonomous patrolling system that detects early wildfires while maximizing the battery life of the UAS to cover broad areas. The UAS will send real-time data (sensor readings, thermal imaging, etc.) to a nearby base station (BS) when a wildfire is discovered. An optimization model was developed to minimize the total amount of energy used by the UAS while maintaining the required levels of data quality. Finally, the simulations showed the performance of the proposed solution under different stability conditions and for different minimum data rate types.
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Dewey, Steven A., Michael J. Jenkins e Robert C. Tonioli. "Wildfire Suppression—A Paradigm for Noxious Weed Management". Weed Technology 9, n.º 3 (setembro de 1995): 621–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00023940.

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The spread of noxious weeds on rangeland and forests in the United States has been described as a raging biological wildfire. This analogy applies to aspects of spread, impact, and control of weeds. Patterns and means of spread are similar. Noxious weeds and wildfires can dramatically change natural plant communities, alter distribution and species composition of wildlife populations, damage watersheds and increase soil erosion, and adversely affect recreation and aesthetic values. Wildfire management involves prevention, early detection, timely control, and site rehabilitation; elements which are also the foundation of sound weed management. Principles and practices associated with wildfire suppression can be used to illustrate many weed science fundamentals, and to improve weed management programs. Federal land management agencies are directed to train employees in effective weed management and to increase public awareness about noxious weeds. Most agency employees are familiar with wildfire management; knowledge which could be useful in teaching weed management principles. Fire prevention could serve as a model to promote greater public awareness of the impact of noxious weeds and the need for weed prevention and early detection.
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Ikhwan, Muhammad. "PEMETAAN DAERAH RAWAN KEBAKARAN HUTAN DAN LAHAN DI KABUPATEN ROKAN HILIR". Wahana Forestra: Jurnal Kehutanan 11, n.º 1 (14 de janeiro de 2016): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/forestra.v11i1.137.

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Forest fire is one form of the disorder occur more frequently. The negative impact caused by forest fires large enough cover ecological damage, declining biodiversity, the decline in the economic value of forest and soil productivity, chan ges in micro and global climate and the smoke damage the health of people and disrupting transport by land, river, lake, sea and air. Given the impact of the forest fires, the efforts to protect the forest areas is very important. In an effort to control forest fires it is essential to map vulnerability to wildfires prepared to know which areas have the potential for fires. The purpose of this study was to map the vulnerability of land and forest fires in an effort to support the establishment of forest fire management strategy. Through a vulnerability map wildfires can provide vulnerability information to policy-making forest fire prevention / fire control and is expected to be the basis in prevention efforts as early as possible. The study was conducted from June until July 2014 and the case study research in Rokan Hilir Regency. Results of mapping the vulnerability of land and forest fires shows that most areas of Rokan Hilir Regency has a severe impact and the level of vulnerability is very high. Low-prone areas have extensive 9152.55 hectares (1.01%), the rate of moderate-prone area of 158,943.95 hectares (17.49%), high-level-prone area of 382,448.62 hectares (42.08%) and very high levels of vulnerability with an area of 358,374.00 hectares (39.43%).
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Ali, Mohammad Furqan, Dushantha Nalin K. Jayakody e P. Muthuchidambaranathan. "Revolutionizing Firefighting: UAV-Based Optical Communication Systems for Wildfires". Photonics 11, n.º 7 (11 de julho de 2024): 656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics11070656.

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Wildfires are one of the most devastating natural disasters in the world. This study proposes an innovative optical wildfire communication system (OWC) that leverages advanced optical technologies for wildfire monitoring and seamless communication towards the 5G and beyond (5GB) wireless networks. The multi-input–multi-output (MIMO) optical link among communication nodes is designed by gamma–gamma (GG) distribution under consideration of intensity modulation and direct-detection (IM/DD) following an on–off-keying (OOK) scheme. In this study, the performance metrics of the proposed MIMO link that enables unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are analytically derived. The end-to-end (E2E) performance metrics and the novel closed-form expressions for the average BER (ABER) and outage probability (Pout) are investigated for the proposed system models. Furthermore, the simulation results are obtained based on the real experimental data. The obtained results in this study are improved spatial resolution and accuracy, enabling the detection by communication of even small-scale wildfires at their inception stages. In the further perspective of this research, the development of the proposed system holds the potential to revolutionize wildfire prevention and control efforts, making a substantial impact on safeguarding ecosystems, communities, and economies from the devastating effects of fires.
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Fernández-Álvarez, Marta, Julia Armesto e Juan Picos. "LiDAR-Based Wildfire Prevention in WUI: The Automatic Detection, Measurement and Evaluation of Forest Fuels". Forests 10, n.º 2 (11 de fevereiro de 2019): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10020148.

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This paper describes a methodology using LiDAR point clouds with an ultra-high resolution in the characterization of forest fuels for further wildfire prevention and management. Biomass management strips were defined in three case studies using a particular Spanish framework. The data were acquired through a UAV platform. The proposed methodology allows for the detection, measurement and characterization of individual trees, as well as the analysis of shrubs. The individual tree segmentation process employed a canopy height model, and shrub cover LiDAR-derived models were used to characterize the vegetation in the strips. This way, the verification of the geometric legal restrictions was performed automatically and objectively using decision trees and GIS tools. As a result, priority areas, where wildfire prevention efforts should be concentrated in order to control wildfires, can be identified.
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Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Wildfires x Prevention and control"

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Chan, Wu-wah Elaine, e 陳護華. "A feasibility study of hillfire management in Hong Kong Country Parks using GIS analysis". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45013044.

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MacKinnon, Jessica. "Addressing Social Elements of Wildfire: Risk, Response, and Recovery in Highland Village, TX". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849756/.

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Representatives of the City of Highland Village expressed concern over the risk of wildfires for their community. Anthropology provides many tools for and examples of disaster assessment of preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation. These tools combined with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can provide a holistic, cultural ecological look at how such a disaster may take place in the city. The project's methods included a detailed survey of preparedness steps which was analyzed using SPSS and also imported into ArcGIS for spatial analysis, and semi-formal, in-depth interviews with residents of the community regarding preparedness, response, and recovery. Residents fell into a middle category of preparedness, with the majority of participants considering or implementing a few recommended preparedness steps. Interview participants expressed respect for and trust of the city and first-responders, as well as a willingness to volunteer their help during response and recovery stages. Finally the American Community Survey showed that resident socioeconomic vulnerability was considerably low, and no action needed to be taken to advocate for at-risk individuals. Overall, the City of Highland Village showed a high resiliency to disaster. A wildfire likely will not have a major impact on the community as a whole, though the city may reduce the impact even further by informing the public of their risk, clearing natural areas of dead brush, sharing preparedness and evacuation information via social media and newsletters, and planning relief stations for those who may have been impacted.
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Devisscher, Tahia. "Wildfire under a changing climate in the Bolivian Chiquitania : a social-ecological systems analysis". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:29ed95d5-d36d-4916-b51b-c8ab4f7951a3.

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With the same force that human activities accelerate and amplify change in the biosphere, human agency can play a critical role in influencing future trajectories. However, managing increasingly complex problems is becoming ever more challenging. Among other things, it requires a systemic thinking about the future to anticipate how intertwined drivers may respond to rapid change. This thesis addresses such challenge in the context of contemporary wildfires, which are becoming increasingly complex to manage and a growing global concern. The study adopted a novel approach (Chapter 3) to study wildfire as a complex social-ecological system. The overarching aim is to generate insights into wildfire causes, effects and feedbacks to anticipate future wildfire risk and inform management strategies that can prevent potential impacts. I combine different disciplinary lenses, multiple spatial scales of analysis and participatory methods to analyse wildfire dynamics in the Chiquitania region, located in the Department of Santa Cruz, Bolivia, at the southern edge of Amazonia. This region has a unique tropical dry forest that is susceptible to changes in climate and fire regimes, and a rapidly expanding agricultural frontier. During the recent 2010 drought, large wildfires affected this region intensifying public concern about potential 'mega-fires', particularly given predictions of more extreme seasonality in the future. The first research paper of this thesis (Chapter 4) evaluates the effects of wildfire recurrence on the forests of the Chiquitania using ecological surveys. In addition to significant biomass loss, the observed patterns in species abundance and dominance suggest that the forests respond to recurrent fires through a shift in tree species composition, with fire-tolerant species becoming more dominant. The second research paper (Chapter 5) analyses future wildfire risk in the Chiquitania region using fuzzy cognitive mapping. This conceptual modelling approach engaged different actor groups in the region to integrate their perspectives of the regional wildfire dynamics. Semi-structured interviews informed the scenario assumptions which considered failure to respond in time to wildfire risk, as well as implementation of alternative management strategies. Unexpectedly, the fire management strategy showed less trade-offs between wildfire risk reduction and production compared to the fire suppression strategy. The high vulnerability of the agricultural production to wildfire risk has implications for local communities that largely depend on agriculture for subsistence if future climatic conditions become drier. The third research chapter (Chapter 6) uses interviews and focus group discussions to analyse how different forms of knowledge and perceptions of fire relate to prevalent wildfire risk strategies in the Chiquitania. The analysis reveals that strategies are in tension between two conflicting narratives and understandings of fire. On this basis, a deliberation process is proposed with the potential to integrate opposing views into more inclusive and collective solutions to manage wildfire risk within a reflexive governance framework. The fourth research paper (Chapter 7) complements the above ground-based studies with a regional assessment of wildfire risk based on remotely sensed land cover, anthropogenic and climatic data. Maximum entropy was used as a probabilistic modelling approach to simulate future wildfire risk scenarios driven by different development trajectories, and assuming changing climatic conditions. Important determinants of wildfire risk were climate, road development, deforestation and density of human settlements. Positive feedbacks between rapid frontier expansion and drought conditions almost doubled potential biomass loss compared to estimates in the 2010 drought. Land used for agriculture and cattle ranching showed particularly high levels of wildfire risk, with serious implications for the subsistence and economy in the Chiquitania if the agricultural frontier is expanded at an accelerated rate. The combination of new findings and modelling tools developed in this thesis are relevant to inform wildfire risk management decisions in the Chiquitania. The timing is fitting as the regional government of Santa Cruz is developing a ten-year programme to address increased wildfire risk at the time of thesis submission, and the recently launched Regional Fire Platform promotes dialogue about possible solutions. More broadly, the approach to study wildfire as a social-ecological system has proven extremely useful to generate insights into different facets of a complex problem that is becoming a major concern in most of Amazonia and globally. This thesis generates important theoretical and practical contributions to the study of social-ecological systems, and provides a concrete example of how increasingly complex problems can be anticipated and managed under climate change and rapidly changing conditions with a more integrated and socially inclusive approach that can inform adaptation decisions for more sustainable futures.
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Kuhn, David Malcolm. "Fuel model development and fire simulation analysis in the wildland-urban interface : the case of Forest Park, Portland, Oregon". PDXScholar, 2005. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4309.

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Forest Park, a 5,000 acre heavily-forested park within the city limits of Portland, Oregon was selected as the study area for performing a fire simulation analysis. A well-documented fire swept over a large area of the park in 1951, and provides both direct inputs, including the ignition point, and context for the present day fire simulations. The goal of the research was two fold. First, determine the difference between small area simulations using standard and custom surface fuel models. Second, determine if fire simulation can be an effective tool in assessing fire danger and behavior in a wildland-urban interface environment like Forest Park.
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Wagner, Vanda Doreen. "Effect of a preoperative warming intervention on the acute phase response of surgical stress". [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002274.

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Galindez, Araujo Luis J. "Factors surrounding and strategies to reduce recapping used needles by nurses at a Venezuelan public hospital". [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003166.

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Abduljawad, Suzan Fouad. "Fatigue symptom distress and its relationship with quality of life in adult stem cell transplant survivors". [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003240.

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Malvisi, Lucio. "Functional characterization of cytochrome b₅ reductase and its electron acceptor cytochrome b₅ in Plasmodium falciparum". [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003265.

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Akinnusi, Olamigoke Adekunle. "Mapping the potential of veld fire occurrence in the mountain regions of the South Western Cape, using GIS". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53495.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Veld fires in the mountain regions of the South Western Cape are an annual occurrence. These veld fires occur as a result of human, natural and unknown causes. The Mediteranean weather conditions of the South Western Cape and its typical vegetation are conducive to these fires. Within the mountain regions of the South Western Cape, the use of fire can be advantageous for conservation and forest managers as a tool for fire management e.g. preparation of fire belts, reduction of veld fire occurrence by burning fuel load, rejuvenation of indigenous vegetation and enhancing the water yield of surrounding areas within their management area. Abnormally high incidences and run away veld fires within the management area of conservation and forest managers leads to. the loss of biodiversity, destruction of properties and loss of human lives, and extensive soil erosion. This study aimed at identifying factors contributing towards the occurrence of veld fires in the mountain regions of the South Western Cape, and using GIS to analyse spatially the contributing variables, and to generate seasonal veld fire hazard maps. Potential veld fire occurrence on a seasonal basis was mapped using spatial analyses of variables that are significant to the distribution of veld fires within the study area. Variables used to assess potential veld fire occurrences were: vegetation, slope, population density (human influence), proximity to roads, mean monthly maximum temperatures and mean monthly rainfall. The veld fire hazard maps generated indicated that potential for veld fire occurrence is high in the summer and autumn months, decreasing to a low in the winter and spring seasons. The exception is the Southern Cape sub-region where the possibility of veld fires can be quite high in winter as a result of Fohn-like berg winds. These winds are characterized by sudden increases in temperature and decreases in humidity that may pose severe fire hazards. Reducing and containing veld fires in the mountain regions of the South Western Cape depends on the effective use of the seasonal veld fire hazard maps. The maps can be used to delineate critical zones of veld fire occurrence which can be used for evaluating costeffective control measures and can be implemented to reduce the level of veld fire danger within the management areas of conservation and forest managers. There is a need for a Catchment Management System (CMS) (Richardson, Van Wilgen, Le Maitre, Higgins & Forsyth, 1994) that can be used to generate daily probabilities of veld fire occurrence and to link these to fire-spread models for predicting or simulating expected fire directions and severities or intensities, and educating people about fires and the damage it can do.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Elke jaar kom daar veldbrande in die berggebiede van die Suidwes-Kaap voor. Die oorsake van hierdie veldbrande is van menslike, natuurlike of onbekende oorsprong. Die Mediterreense weersomstandighede en die tipiese plantegroei van die Suidwes-Kaap is ook bevorderlik vir die ontstaan van veldbrande. In die berggebiede van hierdie streek kan die gebruik van vuur egter ook tot voordeel van natuurbewaring en bosbou aangewend word deurdat dit gebruik kan word as 'n metode om die brande te bestuur, soos in die voorbereiding van brandpaaie, in die vermindering van die voorkoms van veldbrande deur vooraf van die brandbare materiale af te brand, in die vernuwing van die inheemse plantegroei en in die verhoging van wateropbrengs in die omliggende gebiede binne die area wat bestuur moet word. 'n Abnormale hoë voorkoms van veldbrande binne die bestuursgebied van bewarings- en bosboubestuurders lei egter tot 'n verlies aan biodiversiteit, die vernietiging van eiendom, 'n verlies aan menselewens en uitgebreide gronderosie. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die faktore wat bydra tot die voorkoms van veldbrande in die berggebiede van die Suidwes-Kaap te identifiseer, om GIS te gebruik om 'n ruimtelike analise van die bydraende veranderlikes te doen en om dan 'n seisoenale veldbrandgevaarkaart saam te stel. Die potensiële voorkoms van veldbrande op 'n seisoenale basis is gekarteer deur gebruik te maak van ruimtelike analises van die veranderlikes van belang in die verspreiding van veldbrande in die studiegebied. Die volgende veranderlikes is gebruik om die potensiële voorkoms van veldbrande te bepaal: plantegroei, helling, bevolkingsdigtheid (invloed van mense), afstand vanaf paaie, gemiddelde maandelikse maksimum temperature en gemiddelde maandelikse reënval. Die veldbrandgevaarkaarte wat ontwikkel is, het aangetoon dat die potensiële voorkoms van veldbrande hoog is in die somer- en herfsmaande en dan afneem tot 'n laagtepunt in die winter en lente. 'n Uitsondering is die Suid-Kaap-substreek waar die moontlikheid van veldbrande selfs in die winter taamlik hoog is as gevolg van Fëhn-tipe bergwinde. Hierdie winde word gekenmerk deur In skielike toename in temperatuur en In afname in humiditeit wat die brandgevaar skerp kan verhoog. Die vermoë om veldbrande in die berggebiede van die Suidwes-Kaap te verminder en te beperk, sal grootliks afhang van die effektiewe gebruik van die seisoenale veldbrandgevaar-kaarte. Die kaarte kan gebruik word vir die afbakening van kritieke sones vir die voorkoms van veldbrande wat dan gebruik kan word vir die evaluering van koste-effektiewe beheermaatreëls. Hierdie kaarte kan dan geïmplementeer word om die vlakke van veldbrandgevaar binne die gebiede waarvoor bewarings- en bosboubestuurders verantwoordelik is, te verminder. Daar is In behoefte aan In opvanggebiedbestuurstelsel (OGB) (Richardson, Van Wilgen, Le Maitre, Higgins & Forsyth 1994) wat gebruik kan word om daaglikse waarskynlikhede vir die voorkoms van veldbrande te genereer. Dit kan gekoppel word aan brandverspreidingsmodelle wat die verwagte rigting van brandverspreiding, asook die ems of intensiteit daarvan, kan voorspelof simuleer. Die publiek moet ook ingelig word oor veldbrande en die skade wat daardeur aangerig kan word.
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Laches, Lisa A. "The Relationships Among Pain, Dyspnea, Constipation and Quality of Life in Lung Cancer Patients Enrolled in a Hospice Program". Scholar Commons, 2007. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3926.

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There is evidence of a relationship between pain and associated symptoms, specifically constipation and dyspnea, and quality of life. Literature supports that endstage lung cancer patients suffer more symptoms than those with other types of cancers, and the course of treatment is primarily palliative, as many of these diagnosed patients cannot be cured. The purpose of this secondary analysis of data was to evaluate the relationships between pain and other common symptoms in end stage lung cancer patients in hospice care, and the relationships among pain, dyspnea, constipation and quality of life. The study sample included fifty lung cancer patients admitted to a hospice program, reporting pain. A series of Pearson’s correlations were used to analyze relationships between the variables pain intensity, pain distress, dyspnea intensity, dyspnea distress, constipation intensity and the relationships of these variables with quality of life. The results showed positive significant correlations between pain intensity and pain distress (r = .44, p = .002), dyspnea intensity and dyspnea distress (r = .47, p = .001), and constipation intensity and quality of life (r = -.57, p = .013). Pain and the relief of pain have been studied extensively in cancer patients, yet little research has been done in the way of side effects of opioid use, specifically constipation. This study reinforces to vi nursing the importance of a thorough assessment upon admission to hospice, and at each subsequent nursing visit, which includes a bowel habit history, current medications in use, potential risk for developing constipation and management of constipation once it is present. Hospice patients with lung cancer are reporting a decrease in quality of life secondary to constipation. Prevention or rapid alleviation of this symptom will provide comfort and allow the patient to focus on important end of life tasks.
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Livros sobre o assunto "Wildfires x Prevention and control"

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Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers., ed. Wildfire prevention. Calgary, Alta: Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers, 2008.

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Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers., ed. Wildfire prevention. Calgary, Alta: Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers, 2008.

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3

Sirota, Lyn A. Out of control: The science of wildfires. Minneapolis, Minn: Compass Point Books, 2009.

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4

V, Linton Jeremy, ed. Wildfires: Issues and consequences. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2004.

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5

Doolittle, Larry. Status of wildland fire prevention evaluation in the United States. St. Paul, Minn. (1992 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul 55108): North Central Forest Experiment Station, Forest Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1991.

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6

Doolittle, Larry. Status of wildland fire prevention evaluation in the United States. St. Paul, Minn: North Central Forest Experiment Station, Forest Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1991.

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7

Health, United States Congress House Committee on Resources Subcommittee on Forests and Forest. Recovering from the fires: Restoring and protecting communities, water, wildlife and forests in Southern California : oversight field hearing before the Subcommittee on Forests and Forest Health of the Committee on Resources, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Eighth Congress, first session, Friday, December 5, 2003, in Lake Arrowhead, California. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2004.

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8

Committee, Florida Governor's Wildfire Response and Mitigation Review. Through the flames: An assessment of Florida's wildfires of 1998 : the report of the Governor's Wildfire Response and Mitigation Review Committee. [Tallahassee, Fla.]: The Committee, 1998.

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9

United States. Congress. House. Committee on Resources. Expressing the sense of Congress that federal land management agencies should fully implement the Western Governors Association "Collaborative 10-Year Strategy for Reducing Wildland Fire Risks to Communities and the Environment" to reduce the overabundance of forest fuels that place national resources at high risk of catastrophic wildfire, and prepare a national prescribed fire strategy that minimizes risks of escape: Report (to accompany H. Con. Res. 352). [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 2002.

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Service, United States Forest, ed. Wildland fire use. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, 2007.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Wildfires x Prevention and control"

1

Ahamed, Md Faysal, Md Nahiduzzaman, Md Rabiul Islam, Tawsifur Rahman, Khandaker Reajul Islam, Ahmed Balla Abdalla Altyeb e Muhammad E. H. Chowdhury. "Interpretable Deep Learning Model for Tuberculosis Detection Using X-Ray Images". In Surveillance, Prevention, and Control of Infectious Diseases, 169–92. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-59967-5_8.

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"X, Y, Z". In Loss Prevention and Safety Control, 287. CRC Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b10344-25.

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Burrell, Christopher J., Colin R. Howard e Frederick A. Murphy. "Control, Prevention, and Eradication". In Fenner and White's Medical Virology, 205–16. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-375156-0.00014-x.

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Nelson, Joseph. "Access Control, Access Badges, and Biometrics Characteristics". In Handbook of Loss Prevention and Crime Prevention, 185–93. Elsevier, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-385246-5.00016-x.

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Havens, Jerry. "Major Hazard Control". In Lees' Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 4/1–4/32. Elsevier, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-075067555-0.50092-x.

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Siegel, Jane D. "Pediatric Infection Prevention and Control". In Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 9–24. Elsevier, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4377-2702-9.00101-x.

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"Sample Loss Control Plan". In Retail Security and Loss Prevention, 216–20. Elsevier, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-7506-9038-6.50037-x.

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Ahmad, Zaki. "CORROSION PREVENTION BY DESIGN". In Principles of Corrosion Engineering and Corrosion Control, 438–78. Elsevier, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-075065924-6/50009-x.

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Manuel, Ranjini. "Prevention and control of infectious diseases". In Introduction to Diseases, Diagnosis, and Management of Dogs and Cats, 597–609. Elsevier, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-443-18548-9.00041-x.

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Torriani, Francesca, e Randy Taplitz. "History of infection prevention and control". In Infectious Diseases, 76–85. Elsevier, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-04579-7.00006-x.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Wildfires x Prevention and control"

1

Liashenko, Olena, Dmytro Kyryichuk, Nadiia Holovina, Viktor Prachyk e Svitlana Bunkus. "DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FOR MONITORING OF FOREST ECOSYSTEMS UNDER CONDITIONS OF WILDFIRES". In 22nd International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.35.

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The territory of Ukraine is characterized by the occurrence of a large number of wildfires, mainly in mixed and coniferous forest ecosystems of Polissia, Forest-Steppe and Ukrainian Carpathians. The frequency of occurrence and destructive consequences of natural fires in forest ecosystems require the adoption of prompt measures aimed at their prevention, localization and liquidation. Monitoring plays the main role in the process of preventing wildfires, since observation, collection, analysis and assessment of qualitative and quantitative parameters of the state of forest ecosystems, dangerous processes occurring in them, as well as potential sources of wildfires will allow developing and implementing measures aimed at preserving biodiversity and gene pool of forest biocenoses, reduction of material losses, localization of zones of natural fires, termination of the action of dangerous factors characteristic of them. The main field of practical application of monitoring is the information service of the authorities in the conditions of wildfires. Information monitoring system (IMS) is a distributed system of continuous observations, laboratory and other control for assessing the state of forest ecosystems, as well as dangerous processes occurring in them that can lead to a threat or the occurrence of fires, as well as timely identification of trends in their change. The main tasks of the IMS are: assessment of the impact of fires, recreation, pests and diseases on forest ecosystems, identification of the extent of forest damage, formation of an information fund on hazardous factors and processes that can lead to fires, assessment of the socio-economic consequences of fires, preparation of proposals for improvement of the activities of monitoring subjects - executive authorities and local governments on the issues of preventing negative changes in the field of natural security. For the development of the IMS, an object-oriented methodology and Java multithreading technology were chosen. The use of multithreading technology in a distributed IMS made it possible to implement the requirements for simultaneous support of many users, each of which was allocated a separate thread, as well as the separation and parallel processing of information resources. All threads are executed independently of each other, so there is no blocking of users in the IMS, and it is possible to perform several operations at the same time. The basis of the IMS is a database that contains information on forest and steppe fires with an area of over 5 ha, as well as peat fires with an area of over 1 ha. Information about fires in natural ecosystems contains: coordinates, the area of fire and smoke plume, the area of affected forests, natural meadows, farmland, its% of the total area, the presence and number of affected settlements, the presence and number of fire victims.
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Scheidemantel, João Alfredo, Christian Doré e Lucile Cecília Peruzzo. "Study for Control of Dimensional Distortion in Tempered Industrial Parts". In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23018.

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Abstract The presence of residual stress generated in the manufacturing process defines one of the biggest problems found in the mechanical metal industry. In the search of mechanical properties to a specific application, it is mandatory to impose the parts at very critical mechanical, chemical or thermal requests. The study analyzes all the steps that apply considerable stresses to the component during the manufacturing process and, therefore, discover which ones add more stresses to the yield limit of the material. It was also intended to contribute with relevant information regarding the surface integrity of the material, with bigger coverage in the residual stresses generated where, due to their nature and expressiveness, they can be beneficial or harmful to the component’s useful life. Accordingly, the objective was to analyze the raw material of SAE 4140 steel through its microstructure and verification of its chemical and mechanical characterization. In order to reduce the occurrence of dimensional distortions in excess of tolerance, we sought to identify the most critical step and, therefore, act with viable possibilities and without relevant costs for the prevention of the problem encountered. In order to measure its stress and define the process in which the highest inclusion of residual tractive stresses is characterized, these being the deleterious ones for the process and for the product, we used the method of measuring residual stresses by ray diffraction in X. In your measurement, the stresses included on the surface of the specimens were measured at specific stages of the process. X-ray diffraction analysis analyzes the diffraction planes and their respective interplanar distances from a specific material, as well as the densities of atoms along the crystalline planes. Using mathematical models, it is possible to measure the residual stress existing in the investigated parts. In view of the analysis by X-ray diffraction, it was verified the existence of disordered variations and modifications of the crystalline phases on the material surface, at the end of the finish machining process. These crystalline phases which, together with a less aggressive fabrication, favor plastic deformation due to the presence of residual stresses which surpass those of the yield limit of the analyzed material. In this sense, it was possible to determine which the most critical operation related to the component request is the machining in which it is applied. Since the subsequent processes only aggravates this condition, resulting in an unusable component for the proposed application without adding a higher cost to the product, either through the use of some rework or scrap procedure.
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Ye, Zhengrong, Huachang Chi, Xiang Zhou, Zhiwen Yang, Weidong Jiang, Weixiao Li, Zhichao Qiu, Xiaodong Cui, Guohao Chen e Xiuyun Wang. "Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion Combined with Under-Deposit Corrosion Mechanism and Control Technology in Water Injection Wells of Middle East Carbonate Oilfield". In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21343-ms.

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Abstract A carbonate oilfield in the Middle East carries out the mixed water injection of produced water and fresh water, after 1 year of its rapid exploration. The injected water is highly corrosive, with high salinity, high chloride concentration and high hydrogen sulfide. Recently, there are dozens of corrosion perforations on L80 tubing in injectors within 2 years in the field and the corrosion rate reaches 3.6 mm/a. After the tubing leaks, the injected water enters into the annulus between the tubing and casing, which causes casing corrosion, damages the well integrity, and greatly influences the field production. In this paper, the causes for such rapid tubing corrosion failure are investigated by using optical metallographic microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) X-ray diffraction (XRD), and combined with the weight loss and bacteria testing. Firstly, test the element composition of the L80 tubing to verify the tubing quality. Secondly, conduct the corrosion experiments of H2S and dissolved oxygen. Thirdly, analyze the morphology and corrosion product composition of failure tubing. The results indicate that the failed L80 tubing material meets the requirements of API SPEC 5CT-2011 standard. The localized corrosion rate of L80 is 0.293~0.697 mm/a at whole well depth in the simulated injection water. Bacteria were detected in both the injected water and the corrosion products of the failed tubing. In addition, the corrosion products of failed tubing are mainly FeS, CaCO3 and Fe3O4, which indicates that the synergistic effect of microbiologically influenced corrosion and under-deposited corrosion promote the perforation of tubing. Then the corrosion prevention strategy of UHMWPE lined tubing was proposed. UHMWPE lined tubing has been applied in nine water injectors. After one year and a half, one of the water injector’s UHMWPE lined tubing has been detected, no corrosion perforations observed, and the scale deposition became slightly. This case provides useful practical experience for corrosion prevention of high salinity and high acid injection well in carbonate oilfields.
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Daneshfard, Mohammad Sajjad, e A. Zabihollah. "Semi-Active Vibration Control of a Marine Structure With Magnetorheological (MR) Dampers Utilizing LQR Method". In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-28860.

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The developing of technology has discovered new materials which have been applied to improve the performance of structures. The researchers have recently increased the attention in controllable fluids and its applications. Magnetorheological (MR) dampers are devices that employ rheological fluids to modify their mechanical properties. Their mechanical simplicity, high dynamic range, lower power requirements, large force capacity, robustness and safe manner operation in case of fail have made them attractive devices to passive, semi-active and active control in mechatronic, civil, aerospace and automotive applications. The characteristics of the MR damper change when the rheological fluid is exposed to a magnetic field changing its stiffness and damping coefficients. For this study, a marine structure exposed to different excitations has been considered in which some members have been substituted by the MR dampers. Prevention of serious damage of marine structures like the problems are generated by vibrations might be achieved by monitoring the loading conditions and by inspecting the structural integrity. The concept of smart structures can be applied to marine applications. There are plenty of marine structures in huge dimensions, for example, the overall length of a very large crude carrier exceeds 50 m. This offshore structure has 12 links and 21 nodes in each sides and each node has 2 degrees of freedom in X, Y directions. It is applied 7 MR dampers on critical links and controls the environmental vibrations and loading. Environmental loadings are divided into three general groups; Winds, wave and currents. All of maintained points are considered in analyzing of the offshore structure. Control the vibration of a marine structure in order to prevent the collapse of these structures is final purpose of this research. The controlling and the suppressing of this vibration have been done through Magnetorheological (MR) fluid dampers. The controlling method is used by the linear quadratic Regulator (LQR) as controller of this system and the results shows that it acceptable method in order to the amplitude of these vibrations.
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Hosein, W., M. Vick, T. Quy, M. Dada, J. Sierra e J. Cubides. "Riserless Intervention on Deepwater Gulf of Mexico Well increases contributing interval length by 10-fold". In SPE 2023 Symposium Compilation. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/215179-ms.

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Abstract Well X is an oil producer in the Mississippi Canyon of the Gulf of Mexico. The well was originally designed as a smart downhole flow control (DHFC) completion that allowed split flow between two cased-hole frac-pack (CHFP) sand control completions. Unfortunately, the DHFC system failed, and the well must be produced with commingled flow from both zones. Over time the well's skin (frictional pressure loss across the completion screens) has increased to a point where the well's production rate needed to be reduced to limit erosion and maintain integrity of the completion. Well X receives pressure support from a downdip injector which has led to seawater production and introduced the risk of barium-sulfate scale. The well's previous scale prevention treatment expired at the end of 2022. The scope of the Riserless Light Well Intervention (RLWI) was to remediate skin and refresh the scale prevention treatment in both zones. The intervention required right scoping the well control and ancillary equipment to enable successful pumping and wireline operations on a sub-ambient well under elevated subsea and surface metocean conditions. Additionally, surveillance was necessary to assess damage and allocate contributions from each zone. Individual isolation of both zones was required for acid stimulation and scale treatment. Achieving this involved either setting plugs or installing isolation sleeves across the failed flow control device. Based on production logs, it was observed that the contributing interval of the lower zone had been reduced to about 10 ft despite having 110 ft of perforations. To address this, an acid stimulation with use of diverter pills was carried out on the lower zone which resulted in an increase in the contributing height to the full 110 ft, marking a greater than 10-fold increase. Furthermore, successful scale prevention treatments were administered to both zones to prevent barium sulfate scale deposition. Throughout the intervention, all wireline operations were carried out effectively under sub-ambient conditions without any hydrate problems, loss of well control, or seawater ingress. Acid stimulation bullheaded from surface aided in successfully treating non-contributing intervals with the use of diverter pills. The use of the collapse rated hoses along with other well control package modifications have enabled access to other sub-ambient wellwork in this field.
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Marques, Cristhiane Campos, Fabiana Nunes de Carvalho Mariz, Berenice Moreira, Thaisa Campos Marques e Carla Nunes de Araújo. "Sexual Behavior and Factors Associated with Syphilis among Patients at a Sexual Health Center". In XIV Congresso da Sociedade Brasileira de DST - X Congresso Brasileiro de AIDS - V Congresso Latino Americano IST/HIV/AIDS. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/dst-2177-8264-202335s1072.

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Background: Syphilis has resurfaced epidemically worldwide and knowledge of at-risk populations can contribute to disease prevention and control. Objective: To assess the detection rate of syphilis among patients of a sexual health center and its association with sexual and social behaviors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Counselling and Testing Center (CTC) in Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil. We analyzed retrospective data from standardized CTC forms from patients followed in 2018. Results: A total of 3,526 patient forms were included in the analysis. The number of patients testing positive for syphilis was 344 (9.76%), mostly men (57.56%, p-value [p]=0.0093), more than 8 years of schooling (61.22%, p=0.0017), a tendency to age between 20 and 39 years (63.08%, p=0.0683), and not married (62.07%, p=0.0042). There were no differences between races. Individuals who reported multiple partners (p<0.0001, odds ratio [OR]=0.546), homosexual relationships (p<0.0001, OR=2.931), and use of drugs (p<0.0001, OR=1.291) were more frequently diagnosed with the disease. Men who have sex with men (MSM) tended to not use condoms with steady partners (72.0%, p=0.3257), presented previous sexually transmitted infections (STI) (p=0.0088, OR=2.84), and a higher rate of co-infection with HIV (p=0.0195, OR=2.37). Contradictorily, regular use of condoms and steady partnership were not protective factors (p>0.0500). Conclusions: Data suggest a high detection rate of syphilis among MSM attending the Rio Verde Sexual health center.
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Franco, Cláudia de Gouveia, e Kelli Coelho dos Santos. "Avaliação do sistema de vigilância epidemiológica da sífilis em gestante no estado de Goiás no período de 2018 a 2020". In XIV Congresso da Sociedade Brasileira de DST - X Congresso Brasileiro de AIDS - V Congresso Latino Americano IST/HIV/AIDS. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/dst-2177-8264-202335s1025.

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Introdução: A notificação de sífilis é obrigatória e integra a base de dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) como um importante instrumento de vigilância e controle desse agravo. Objetivo: Avaliar atributos qualitativos e quantitativos do sistema de vigilância epidemiológica da sífilis em gestante no estado de Goiás no período de 2018 a 2020. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional descritivo, baseado em dados secundários do sistema de vigilância da sífilis, pautado nas diretrizes publicadas pelo Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, dos Estados Unidos. Resultados: Nos últimos anos, tem-se observado um aumento constante no número de casos de sífilis em gestantes, sífilis congênita e sífilis adquirida. Os resultados obtidos nos mostram que a maioria dos casos ocorreu em mulheres na faixa etária dos 20 aos 34 anos, raça/cor parda, escolaridade ensino médio completo e no primeiro trimestre gestacional. O sistema foi oportuno nas análises quanto a oportunidade de notificação, digitação e encerramento dos casos de sífilis em gestantes no estado de Goiás. Porém, há necessidade de melhorar a completitude de algumas informações de fundamental importância. Conclusão: A partir do conhecimento da estrutura do Sistema de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Sífilis em gestantes, nota-se que ele é um sistema de boa aplicabilidade e aceitabilidade pelos profissionais perante os objetivos para o qual foi criado. Recomenda-se a realização de aperfeiçoamento para os profissionais de vigilância epidemiológica dos 246 municípios, para oportunidade de coleta e de encerramento dos casos pelo critério laboratorial no prazo máximo de 60 dias.
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Cerqueira, André Luiz Vicentin de, Matheus Lungen Corrêa, Leide da Conceição Sanches, Elaine Rossi Ribeiro e Eduarda da Silva Jardim. "Análise da qualidade de evidência dos estudos epidemiológicos sobre a transmissão do HIV: um enfoque crítico sistematizado na tabela “Estimated Per-Act Probability of Acquiring HIV from an Infected Source, by Exposure Act”". In XIV Congresso da Sociedade Brasileira de DST - X Congresso Brasileiro de AIDS - V Congresso Latino Americano IST/HIV/AIDS. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/dst-2177-8264-202335s1049.

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Introdução: O Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV) tem incidência global anual de 1,5 milhão de infecções e sua progressão leva à Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (AIDS). Atualmente, a terapia antirretroviral permite que “indetectável = intransmissível”. Pela revolução epidemiológica contemporânea, destaca-se a importância da confiabilidade da informação na prevenção do HIV/AIDS, com o Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC) como fonte de evidências científicas, pela tabela “Estimated Per-Act Probability of Acquiring HIV from an Infected Source, by Exposure Act”, cuja fidedignidade é questionada. Objetivo: Analisar a qualidade das evidências científicas da transmissão sexual e parenteral do HIV pela metodologia de pesquisa analítica de revisão. Métodos: Avaliação pela abordagem GRADE das referências utilizadas na tabela de probabilidade estimada de contrair HIV de uma fonte infectada, por ato e por exposição. Resultados: Os resultados variaram ao longo dos anos, todavia a média de evidência foi considerada baixa. Os artigos foram classificados por qualidade de evidência e importância, e categorizados conforme tipo de exposição, abordando os fatores de aumento e diminuição de qualidade de evidência. A heterogeneidade das variáveis influenciadoras da infectividade é alta e o ano de publicação das referências é antigo. Conclusão: A tabela “Estimated Per-Act Probability of Acquiring HIV from an Infected Source, by Exposure Act” tem baixo nível de qualidade de evidência científica, o que contraindica a sua utilização pela literatura e pela comunidade científica. É necessário continuar a pesquisa para obter resultados mais abrangentes e precisos sobre o risco de transmissão do HIV.
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Silva, Sebastião Bruno Taveira da, Lilian Nobre Moura, Aline Almeida Silva, Loraine Melissa Dal-Ri, Danniely Carolinne Soares da Silva e Luciana Nogueira Almeida Guimarães. "Avaliação do sistema de vigilância da hepatite C no Brasil no período de 2016 a 2020". In XIV Congresso da Sociedade Brasileira de DST - X Congresso Brasileiro de AIDS - V Congresso Latino Americano IST/HIV/AIDS. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/dst-2177-8264-202335s1124.

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Introdução: Entre 2000 e 2022, foram notificados 298.738 casos de hepatite C (HCV) no Brasil. Estima-se que 1,1 milhão de pessoas vivam com HCV sem diagnóstico, cuja subnotificação se apresenta como um desafio para o sistema de vigilância da doença. Objetivo: Avaliar os atributos qualidade dos dados e oportunidade do sistema de vigilância do HCV no Brasil, de 2016 a 2020. Métodos: Estudo avaliativo utilizando as diretrizes do Guidelines for Evaluating Public Health Surveillance Systems (2001), do Centers for Disease Control and Prevention dos Estados Unidos. Foram avaliados os atributos qualidade dos dados por meio da completitude e inconsistência, e oportunidade. Utilizaram-se as notificações de HCV do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). Resultados: A completude das variáveis resultados sorológicos/virológicos/teste rápido: Anti-HCV, marcadores sorológicos/virológicos HCV-RNA, classificação final e data do encerramento foram classificadas como excelente; as variáveis raça/cor, forma clínica e classificação etiológica, como regular; e as variáveis genótipo para HCV e provável fonte/mecanismo de infecção, muito baixa. A completude das variáveis essenciais analisadas obteve média final de 77,8%, classificando-a como regular. A consistência nos dados entre as datas pontuou escore excelente em dois itens, exceto um como regular. A média da consistência foi de 92,5%, sendo classificada como boa. A qualidade dos dados obteve média final de 85,1%, classificando a qualidade dos dados como regular. Em relação à oportunidade, esse atributo obteve média final de 93% com base no tempo de investigação (93,7%) e no encerramento de casos (92,3%), classificando o sistema com oportunidade excelente. Conclusão: O sistema de vigilância do HCV tem qualidade dos dados regular e oportunidade excelente; no entanto, deve-se considerar as limitações geradas pela subnotificação. Por esse motivo, a avaliação dos atributos deve ser sistemática, acompanhando a dinâmica e as especificidades da doença. Portanto, recomendou-se realizar capacitações para profissionais de saúde baseadas na qualidade da notificação.
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Martins, Helena Santos, Maria Isabel Fragoso da Silveira Gouvêa, Maria de Lourdes Benamor Teixeira, Trevon Fuller, Adriana Ferreira Medeiros, Mariza de Matos Salgueiro, Clarisse Bressan, Medeiros Braga, Fernanda Jundi e Esaú João. "Perceptions and Challenges of Chest/Breastfeeding Practices from the Perspective of Pregnant People Living with HIV: a pilot study". In XIV Congresso da Sociedade Brasileira de DST - X Congresso Brasileiro de AIDS - V Congresso Latino Americano IST/HIV/AIDS. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/dst-2177-8264-202335s1212.

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Introduction: National and international guidelines recommend formula feeding (FF) for prevention of perinatal transmission in HIV exposed infants. Virologic control that has led to the U=U paradigm (Undetectable=Untransmittable), reduction of perinatal HIV transmission to 0.5%, awareness of the benefits of breastfeeding (BF), and activism by pregnant people living with HIV (PLWH) in developed countries have instigated a shift in guidelines to share decision making with PWLH about infant feeding choice. However, there is scant data on intent to BF among PWLH in Brazil. Objective: To evaluate attitudes regarding BF among PWLH who had BF previously and are discouraged from BF in the current pregnancy. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study based on an original questionnaire. The study population was PWLH who had a history of BF previously and were receiving antenatal care at the center. We administered a questionnaire about perceptions of BF, knowledge of BF practices, child health during past BF, sources of BF information, and feelings about being discouraged to BF in the present pregnancy. Results: From September to December 2022, 36 PWLH received antenatal care at the center, of which 24 had a history of BF. Of these 24 PWLH, 58% (14) desired to BF and 79% (19) considered previous BF satisfactory/highly satisfactory. Mean duration of past BF was four months, with 55% (12/22) of exclusive BF; 30% (7/24) reported mastitis. Women who wished to BF or FF their next child reported similar rates of mastitis during their previous BF. The majority of children (88%; 21/24) breastfed successfully, 8% (2/24) stopped due to infant illness, and 4% (1/24) were hospitalized in the first six months of life. Most PWLH (91%; 20/22) who breastfed previously reported receiving information about BF practices. Conclusion: The majority of PWLH desire to BF, but accept FF recommendations. These preliminary data encourage greater attention to infant feeding given the shift in PWLHs´ perceptions about BF.
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Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Wildfires x Prevention and control"

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Rafaeli, Ada, Russell Jurenka e Chris Sander. Molecular characterisation of PBAN-receptors: a basis for the development and screening of antagonists against Pheromone biosynthesis in moth pest species. United States Department of Agriculture, janeiro de 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7695862.bard.

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The original objectives of the approved proposal included: (a) The determination of species- and tissue-specificity of the PBAN-R; (b) the elucidation of the role of juvenile hormone in gene regulation of the PBAN-R; (c) the identificationof the ligand binding domains in the PBAN-R and (d) the development of efficient screening assays in order to screen potential antagonists that will block the PBAN-R. Background to the topic: Moths constitute one of the major groups of pest insects in agriculture and their reproductive behavior is dependent on chemical communication. Sex-pheromone blends are utilised by a variety of moth species to attract conspecific mates. In most of the moth species sex-pheromone biosynthesis is under circadian control by the neurohormone, PBAN (pheromone-biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide). In order to devise ideal strategies for mating disruption/prevention, we proposed to study the interactions between PBAN and its membrane-bound receptor in order to devise potential antagonists. Major conclusions: Within the framework of the planned objectives we have confirmed the similarities between the two Helicoverpa species: armigera and zea. Receptor sequences of the two Helicoverpa spp. are 98% identical with most changes taking place in the C-terminal. Our findings indicate that PBAN or PBAN-like receptors are also present in the neural tissues and may represent a neurotransmitter-like function for PBAN-like peptides. Surprisingly the gene encoding the PBAN-receptor was also present in the male homologous tissue, but it is absent at the protein level. The presence of the receptor (at the gene- and protein-levels), and the subsequent pheromonotropic activity are age-dependent and up-regulated by Juvenile Hormone in pharate females but down-regulated by Juvenile Hormone in adult females. Lower levels of pheromonotropic activity were observed when challenged with pyrokinin-like peptides than with HezPBAN as ligand. A model of the 3D structure of the receptor was created using the X-ray structure of rhodopsin as a template after sequence alignment of the HezPBAN-R with several other GPCRs and computer simulated docking with the model predicted putative binding sites. Using in silico mutagenesis the predicted docking model was validated with experimental data obtained from expressed chimera receptors in Sf9 cells created by exchanging between the three extracellular loops of the HezPBAN-R and the Drosophila Pyrokinin-R (CG9918). The chimera receptors also indicated that the 3ʳᵈ extracellular loop is important for recognition of PBAN or Diapause hormone ligands. Implications: The project has successfully completed all the objectives and we are now in a position to be able to design and screen potential antagonists for pheromone production. The successful docking simulation-experiments encourage the use of in silico experiments for initial (high-throughput) screening of potential antagonists. However, the differential responses between the expressed receptor (Sf9 cells) and the endogenous receptor (pheromone glands) emphasize the importance of assaying lead compounds using several alternative bioassays (at the cellular, tissue and organism levels). The surprising discovery of the presence of the gene encoding the PBAN-R in the male homologous tissue, but its absence at the protein level, launches opportunities for studying molecular regulation pathways and the evolution of these GPCRs. Overall this research will advance research towards the goal of finding antagonists for this important class of receptors that might encompass a variety of essential insect functions.
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