Artigos de revistas: "Wiederkäuen (The German word)"

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Sanders, Ruth H., Steve Mohler e Goetz Seifert. "German Word Order". Die Unterrichtspraxis / Teaching German 20, n.º 2 (1987): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3530094.

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Mullen, Inga. "German Word Games". Modern Language Journal 72, n.º 4 (1988): 490. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/327800.

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Röder, Brigitte, Tobias Schicke, Oliver Stock, Gwen Heberer, Helen Neville e Frank Rösler. "Word order effects in German sentences and German pseudo-word sentences". Sprache & Kognition 19, n.º 1/2 (junho de 2000): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024//0253-4533.19.12.31.

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Summary: German belongs to those languages that allow a free permutation of subject, direct object and indirect object in verb final sentences. Five linear precedence (LP) principles have been postulated to describe preference patterns for the different word orders ( Uszkoreit, 1986 ). The present study tested if these rules are valid for meaningful German sentences only or also hold for pseudo-word sentences, i.e., if they are independent of semantic language aspects. Twelve students saw sentences in six different but legal word orders and in one illegal word order, either with normal German words or pronounceable pseudo-words. They had to answer a question focussing on the thematic role of one or more complements. In addition, they rated the acceptability of a subset of sentences in all experimental conditions. The canonical word order was processed fastest and processing times increased the more LP-principles were violated, both for normal and pseudo-word sentences. Moreover, acceptability ratings decreased monotonously with an increasing deviation of the sentences from its canonical word order, again irrespective of the stimulus material. The ungrammatical permutation received the lowest acceptability ruting. These results imply that the LP-principles describe syntactical preferences independent of meaning, at least in isolated sentences.

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Beyermann, Sandra, e Martina Penke. "Word Stress in German Single-Word Reading". Reading Psychology 35, n.º 6 (30 de abril de 2014): 577–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02702711.2013.790325.

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DE BLESER, RIA, e JOSEF BAYER. "GERMAN WORD FORMATION AND APHASIA". Linguistic Review 5, n.º 1 (1986): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tlir.1986.5.1.1.

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Trotzke, Andreas. "Mirative fronting in German". Review of Cognitive Linguistics 15, n.º 2 (8 de dezembro de 2017): 460–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rcl.15.2.07tro.

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Abstract This paper presents an examination of syntactic constructions that are associated with the mirative interpretation of marking propositional content as being surprising or unexpected to the speaker. I report experimental evidence showing that certain options of marked word order in German are particularly suitable in mirative contexts. Cross-linguistic evidence offers good reasons to assume that mirative marking is also reflected in word order patterns. Having identified word order variation as one option to trigger mirative interpretations of utterances, I discuss the issue of distinguishing between information-structural and mirative effects of marked syntactic configurations.

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Radovich, Minara A., e Yana V. Lazareva. "WORD-FORMATION IN AUSTRIAN STANDARD GERMAN IN THE CONTEXT OF LEXEME “KRAUT”". Sovremennye issledovaniya sotsialnykh problem 15, n.º 1 (31 de março de 2023): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2023-15-1-74-82.

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Despite numerous studies, the aspect of word formation of nouns in the modern literary German language of Germany and Austria is yet to be fully covered. The purpose of this study is to determine patterns in the word-formation of substantives in modern Austrian Standard German using the example of the lexeme “Kraut” (cabbage). We used continuous sampling method and lexicographical literature for Standard German and Austrian German. As a result of the study, universal and unique language characteristics for this variant were identified. For example, in Austrian German the lexeme is replaced by a synonymous one with identical semantics, forming derivative lexical units. Word formation occurs according to the model of attributive composition, while the addition of root morphemes takes place without a connecting element, which is typical for word formation according to the composition model in Standard German. The results obtained provide a perspective for further research in patterns of word-formation in modern Standard German and modern Austrian Standard German.

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Jeep, John M. "Stabreimende Wortpaare in der frühmittelhochdeutschen Genesis: Nachträge zum Bestand". Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik 76, n.º 4 (16 de março de 2016): 500–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18756719-12340051.

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A new edition of the “Wiener Genesis” provides data relevant to the extant listings of alliterating word-pairs in early attestations of German. A complete catalogue of the word-pairs locates the collection from the Early Middle High German text within the body of Early German literature. Three new earliest word-pair attestations are documented, while issues of word sequence, alliteration, and transmission are discussed.

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Hock, Hans Henrich. "Latin influence on German word order?" Belgian Journal of Linguistics 33 (31 de dezembro de 2019): 183–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bjl.00027.hoc.

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Abstract Behaghel’s claim that verb finality in German dependent clauses (DCs) reflects Latin influence (1892, 1932) has been revived by Chirita (1997, 2003). According to Chirita, DC word order remains variable up to Early New High German, while in Latin, verb-finality is more frequent in DCs than main clauses (MCs); hence, she claims, German verb finality reflects Latin influence. This papers shows that the arguments for Latin influence are problematic and that the Modern German word order difference between MCs and DCs can be explained as the ultimate outcome of developments that started in early North and West Germanic. In the conclusion I briefly discuss similar developments in Western Romance and their implications for European contact linguistics.

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Vachková, Marie. "Ein Erfahrungsbericht zur Wortbildung im Studium für Deutsch als Fremdsprache an der Karls-Universität Prag". AUC PHILOLOGICA 2022, n.º 3 (25 de maio de 2023): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/24646830.2023.8.

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For years, the theory of word formation in contemporary German has been a fixed part of the course Lexicology and Word Formation in Contemporary German at the Bachelor of German Language Studies at the Department of Germanic Studies of the Faculty of Arts, Charles University. The author describes the established practice and presents types of exercises designed to promote the development of passive vocabulary and to provide insight into the systemic relations of German word formation.

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Lange-Küttner, C. "Word Structure Effects in German and British Reading Beginners 1Dieser Beitrag wurde unter der geschäftsführenden Herausgeberschaft von Joachim C. Brunstein akzeptiert." Zeitschrift für Pädagogische Psychologie 19, n.º 4 (janeiro de 2005): 207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1010-0652.19.4.207.

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Abstract: Due to the late developmental onset of reading, it appears to be more malleable than other cognitive functions. In the present study, German- and English-spoken reading beginners were compared with respect to reading of words with increasingly novel word structure. A clear gradual effect of word novelty was found in English speakers only, while in German pupils a gradual word novelty effect was absent. For German reading beginners rhymed words were more difficult than scrambled words, probably because of the ambiguity of rhymed words being familiar and novel at the same time, with only the word onset distinguishing them from proper words. Another difference was that English speakers showed fast reading routines of familiar and rhymed words, while normally schooled German pupils read familiar words slower. This was different in German children with preschool education, who read familiar and rhymed words at the same speed as British pupils, and novel words even faster. Simultaneously their reading accuracy of novel words was further improved. Differences in response patterns to word structure were remarkably robust, although the amount of difference between word types could be varied both in English and in German pupils.

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Beyermann, Sandra. "Orthographic cues to word stress in German". Written Language and Literacy 16, n.º 1 (8 de março de 2013): 32–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/wll.16.1.02bey.

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This paper reports a corpus study that addresses the question whether distributional patterns of certain letter strings are orthographic cues to stress in German word reading. For that purpose, the occurrence of stress patterns with a different number of final consonant letters as well as with specific word endings in disyllabic German noun lemmas were investigated. The findings indicate that distributional properties of word endings can serve as reliable orthographic cues to word stress in disyllabic nouns — irrespective of whether they are polymorphemic or simplex nouns. Likewise, the number of final consonant letters is a potential orthographic cue to word stress in disyllabic simplex nouns. Such orthographic cues to stress may be employed during phonological recoding of written words by skilled readers of German.

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Hinc, Jolanta. "Englisch als Interferenzquelle bei der Aneignung der Wortstellung des Deutschen". Glottodidactica. An International Journal of Applied Linguistics 36 (5 de novembro de 2018): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/gl.2010.36.12.

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The paper deals with the issue of the interaction of languages in a multilingual person. First, it is related to an error analysis of the word order in German which investigates the influence of English as the first foreign language with the bounded word order on German as the second foreign language with the relative bounded word order in the group of Polish high school students. Afterwards, the basic structures of German, English and Polish word order are compared to show the topological relationship between the languages.

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Akhmeev, Ilia, e Larisa Georgievna Popova. "Adaptation of Anglicisms – complex words in the German and Russian languages (based on publicistic texts)". Litera, n.º 11 (novembro de 2021): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2021.11.36148.

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The goal of this article is to determine similarities and differences in the process of adaptation of Anglicisms in the German and Russian languages. The subject of this research is Anglicisms that are structurally represented by complex words. The topic of adaptation of Anglicisms – complex words – was selected due its poor coverage in the comparative linguistics. The article determines the derivational models of Anglicisms used in the German and Russian publicistic texts. The author traces the similarity in the presence of derivational models of Anglicisms, namely: word from the recipient language word + English word, English word + word of the recipient language, English word + English word, combinations of 3 or more English words. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that this article is first to determine the similarities and differences in adaptation of Anglicisms based on the German and Russian publicistic texts. The conclusion is made that unlike Russian language, German language features a wide variety of compounding models. The German language is characterized by the connecting consonant ‘s’ for linking several word roots; while the Russian language is characterizes by the connecting vowel ‘o’. The author also concludes on the similarities and differences of the compared languages in terms of the tendency of grammatical assimilation of the English borrowings. It is noted that in the Russian language they are often masculine, while in German there are almost as many masculine Anglicisms as neuter, as well as a number of feminine Anglicisms. The acquired results can be applied in reading the lectures on comparative lexicology of the German and Russian languages.

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Sahel, Said, Guido Nottbusch, Angela Grimm e Rüdiger Weingarten. "Written production of German compounds". Written Language and Literacy 11, n.º 2 (24 de março de 2009): 211–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/wll.11.2.06sah.

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In this study, we present an experiment in which we examined the time course of typing German compounds. The compounds varied according to three criteria: (1) whole word frequency (high vs. low), (2) head frequency (high vs. low) and (3) semantic transparency (transparent vs. opaque). In this experiment, we recorded the interkey intervals (IKIs) and concentrated on the IKI measurements found at the boundary of the two immediate constituents in compounds. We refer to this boundary type as an SM-boundary because (S)yllable and (M)orpheme boundaries coincide at this word position. As we found effects of lexical frequency for SM-IKIs in a series of previous studies, we argue that possible differences in SM-IKIs found for compounds of different frequency classes and of different degrees of semantic transparency can give an insight into the processes involved in the written production of German compounds: whole word procedures and/or compositional procedures. Our findings show that SM-IKIs are affected by compound frequency, head frequency and semantic transparency. We therefore argue that both whole word procedures and compositional procedures are involved in the written production of German compounds. These findings are in line with those versions of dual-route models which postulate that the two routes run in parallel and interact.

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Hopp, Holger, e Michael T. Putnam. "Syntactic restructuring in heritage grammars". Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 5, n.º 2 (10 de julho de 2015): 180–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lab.5.2.02hop.

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In order to elucidate the structure of heritage grammars, this paper presents an analysis of word order variation in Moundridge Schweitzer German (MSG), a moribund heritage variety of German spoken in South Central Kansas. Based on elicited production data and an acceptability judgment task, we show that the current state of the MSG grammar maintains the asymmetric German verb-second (V2) and verb-final (V-final) word-ordering closely tied to specific pragmatic information associated with clause-types and complementizers. Extensive contact with English does not lead to adoption of English word order; rather, it occasions restructuring of German word order within the constraints of German syntax. We model these findings in a syntactic analysis following recent proposals by Putnam & Sánchez (2013) and Polinsky (2011) that challenge the notion of ‘incomplete acquisition’ as a way to conceptualize heritage language acquisition.

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Iseni, Arburim, e Agnesa Rexhepi. "PREFIXES OF GERMANIC ORIGIN". ANGLISTICUM. Journal of the Association-Institute for English Language and American Studies 12, n.º 1 (9 de fevereiro de 2023): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.58885/ijllis.v12i1.40.ai.

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The purpose of this research is to investigate the use and meaning of German prefixes, as well as their impact on word formation in English. German prefixes are grammatical features that are added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning or function. The prefixes will be examined in terms of their etymology, frequency of use, and common word formation patterns. They can also indicate a verb's location, tense, aspect, or modality. Prefixes are essential to the German language, and mastering them requires a solid understanding of them. The research will also look into how these prefixes affect the overall structure and meaning of German words. The research will be conducted using a combination of primary and secondary sources, such as German language dictionaries and texts, and linguistic studies on prefixation in German. The study's findings will shed light on the rich and complex nature of German word formation and its underlying grammar rules. The study also delves into the etymology of the prefixes and how they have evolved over time. The study's goal is to provide a comprehensive understanding of German prefixes and their usage for both German language learners and native speakers.Keywords: German prefixes, bound morphemes, lexemes, word-formation, words, etymology, etc.

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Meibauer, Jörg. "Expressive compounds in German". Word Structure 6, n.º 1 (abril de 2013): 21–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/word.2013.0034.

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German adjectival and nominal compounds like ratten+scharf (‘rat sharp’) sau+schlecht, (‘sow bad’) Hammer+auftritt (‘hammer performance’), Arsch+gesicht (‘arse face’) contain meliorative or pejorative elements as part of their structure. The left-hand evaluative members of these compounds are usually considered as so-called semi-prefixes. Contrary to recent approaches within constructional morphology ( Booij 2009 , 2010 ), I will argue that these elements are still lexemes, but that they have undergone metaphorical extension. Evidence stems from the consideration of right-hand members like Kommunisten+schwein (‘communist pig’), which have never been considered as semi-suffixes in a similar way. The metaphorical meaning of these heads and non-heads is systematically connected with expressive meaning. It will be shown that the criteria for expressive meaning proposed by Potts (2007) by and large apply. Furthermore, I will argue against a possible analysis in terms of conventional implicature, as proposed by Williamson (2009 , 2010 ) with respect to the meanings of ethnical slur terms like spic.

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Sadivakasovna, Rahimova Shaxlo. "DESCRIPTION OF GERMAN LANGUAGE DICTIONARIES". European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Management Studies 4, n.º 4 (1 de abril de 2024): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.55640/eijmrms-04-04-29.

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The paper defines the ways and peculiarities of word formation in modern German language. The paper deals with one of theways of enriching the verb vocabulary in the modern German language, in particular wordbuilding. In the result of the analysis of the language material, the most productive models and means of the word-building of the verbs are emphasized including word-building models borrowed from other languages. The vocabulary of the language, being a system, is in constant motion. The functioning of language is associated with the disappearance of certain words, with the emergence of new ones, with the change in the meaning or stylistic status of words. Each of the ways of developing the vocabulary of the German language has its own characteristics. The paper draws attention to these features. The paper describes verbal neoplasms not registered in dictionaries until the middle of the 20th century, selected from the texts of the German newspapers “Süddeutsche Zeitung”, “Frankfurter Allgemeine”, “Der Spiegel”, “Joe”, “Alles für die Frau”, “GEO” and others. The study considers the linguistic material of some dictionaries published in the second half of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st centuries, including dictionaries of colloquial youth vocabulary. So, the main idea of this article is to highlight the peculiarities of word formation in German linguistics through the history.

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Jeep, John M. "Stabreimende Wortpaare in Wolframs „Parzival“ im Umfeld vor allem frühmittelhochdeutscher Rhetorik". Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik 79, n.º 3 (28 de novembro de 2019): 338–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18756719-12340157.

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Abstract This article researches alliterating word-pairs in Wolframs ‘Parzival’. First, all examples from the text are collected and analyzed to elucidate their occurrence in the Old and Middle High German context. It becomes clear which word-pairs have been inherited from Old and (Early) Middle High German, and which were possibly the making of Wolfram himself. In doing so, the inventory of alliterating word-pairs in the early language phases of German is expanded with a few more specimens. We also gain a deeper understanding of their role in the Middle High German courtly novel.

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KUBUS, OKAN, AGNES VILLWOCK, JILL P. MORFORD e CHRISTIAN RATHMANN. "Word recognition in deaf readers: Cross-language activation of German Sign Language and German". Applied Psycholinguistics 36, n.º 4 (27 de janeiro de 2014): 831–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716413000520.

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ABSTRACTThis study addressed visual word recognition in deaf bilinguals who are proficient in German Sign Language (DGS) and German. The study specifically investigated whether DGS signs are activated during a monolingual German word recognition task despite the lack of similarity in German orthographic representations and DGS phonological representations. Deaf DGS–German bilinguals saw pairs of German words and decided whether the words were semantically related. Half of the experimental items had phonologically related translation equivalents in DGS. Participants were slower to reject semantically unrelated word pairs when the translation equivalents were phonologically related in DGS than when the DGS translations were phonologically unrelated. However, this was not the case in Turkish–German hearing bilinguals who do not have sign language knowledge. The results indicate that lexical representations are associated cross-linguistically in the bilingual lexicon irrespective of their orthographic or phonological form. Implications of these results for reading development in deaf German bilinguals are discussed.

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Scrimgeour, Anna. "Word-final T-deletion in Southern German". Lifespans and Styles 4, n.º 2 (31 de dezembro de 2018): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/ls.v4i2.2018.2913.

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The recordings of 20 native German speakers were analysed to identify the strongest factors affecting the rates of word-final t-deletion. Deletion rates were shown to be higher for /t/s in semiweak verbs, when preceded or followed by sibilants, and in a conversational speaking style. In addition to this, frequent words showed higher deletion rates. English and German t-deletion were comparable to some extent in this study. However, deletion rates by morphological complexity showed differences between the languages: monomorphemic words, in particular, had lower deletion rates in German than in English. It was also shown that reading aloud reduces the deletion rates significantly which is in line with previous research.

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Hinrichs, Erhard W., Tsuneko Nakazawa e Hans Uszkoreit. "Word Order and Constituent Structure in German". Language 65, n.º 1 (março de 1989): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/414850.

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Connolly, Leo A. "Case Grammar and Word Order in German". Studies in Language 11, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 1987): 129–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.11.1.06con.

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Roeleveld, Annelies. "Alliterating Word Pairs in Old High German". AMSTERDAMER BEITRÄGE ZUR ÄLTEREN GERMANISTIK 50, n.º 1 (16 de novembro de 1998): 254–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18756719-050-01-90000027.

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Bader, Markus, e Jana Häussler. "Word order in German: A corpus study". Lingua 120, n.º 3 (março de 2010): 717–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2009.05.007.

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HAVRYLOVA, Iryna, e Diana PRYDOROZKO. "ESTABLISHED WORD COMPLEXES IN GERMAN JOURNALISTIC DISCOURSE". Humanities science current issues 1, n.º 60 (2023): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24919/2308-4863/60-1-20.

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Pozdniakov, O. V. "WORD-BUILDING FEATURES OF GERMAN SUBCULTURAL VOCABULARY". Тrаnscarpathian Philological Studies 2, n.º 26 (2022): 96–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/tps2663-4880/2022.26.2.17.

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VON HOLZEN, KATIE, CHRISTOPHER T. FENNELL e NIVEDITA MANI. "The impact of cross-language phonological overlap on bilingual and monolingual toddlers’ word recognition". Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 22, n.º 3 (4 de junho de 2018): 476–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728918000597.

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We examined how L2 exposure early in life modulates toddler word recognition by comparing German–English bilingual and German monolingual toddlers’ recognition of words that overlapped to differing degrees, measured by number of phonological features changed, between English and German (e.g., identical, 1-feature change, 2-feature change, 3-feature change, no overlap). Recognition in English was modulated by language background (bilinguals vs. monolinguals) and by the amount of phonological overlap that English words shared with their L1 German translations. L1 word recognition remained unchanged across conditions between monolingual and bilingual toddlers, showing no effect of learning an L2 on L1 word recognition in bilingual toddlers. Furthermore, bilingual toddlers who had a later age of L2 acquisition had better recognition of words in English than those toddlers who acquired English at an earlier age. The results suggest an important role for L1 phonological experience on L2 word recognition in early bilingual word recognition.

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Ільчук, О. А. "Word-building concept of German suffixal nouns with metonymical component". Studia Philologica, n.º 10 (2018): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2311-2425.2018.10.2.

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If many scientific researches are devoted to the study of lexical and grammatical concepts, then the question of the word-building concept has not been adequately researched in linguistic studies. The purpose of the article is to provide a definition and outline the specifics of the word-building concept, to present the possible typology of word-building concepts on the example of a group of suffixal nouns of modern German with metonymic component. The material of the study is about 3.600 lexical-semantic variants of suffixal nouns of modern German, with the aim of studying word-building concepts, the method of conceptual analysis is used. Under the word-building concept we understand the information structure that contains the conceptual information of the word-building level about the sets of conceptual elements, conceptual structures and schemes used by the subject when creating or using derivative words. The subject has conceptual information of the word-building level about word-building suffixes with a certain meaning, possible derivative units, models of their combination (word-building and cognitive models) and can use during the conceptualization information structures of different types. The bearers of wordbuilding concepts are derived units, and the word-building concept is a morphological concept that consists of concepts of derivative morpheme and of suffix and is subjected to a lexical concept. Word-building concepts of derived nouns are, for example, OBJECT OR OBJECT AS RESULT OF ACTION, PERSON FOR RESIDENCE OR STAY, RESULT OF ACTION, PLACE FOR EXECUTABLE ACTION, where the first part of the name of the word-building concept corresponds to morphological concept of suffixal morpheme (SUBJECT, PERSON, RESULT, PLACE), and the second part is the morphological concept of a derivative morpheme (AS THE RESULT OF ACTION, FOR RESIDENCE OR STAY, OF ACTION, FOR EXECUTABLE ACTION). In general, derived nouns with suffixal formant represent word-building concepts that belong to the group of concepts BEING AND HUMAN ACTIVITY (46 % ), OBJECT (27 % ), PERSON (22 % ), PLACE (4 % ), PLANTS AND ANIMALS (1 % ). Further study of the word-building concept should be continued, in our opinion, by involving other groups of word-building units, including complex ones, which will clarify the proposed definition of word-building concept and establish clear criteria for the separation of word-building concepts.

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Vërçani, Brunilda. "A Contrastive Analysis of Compound Nouns in German and Albanian Languages". European Journal of Language and Literature 7, n.º 2 (1 de outubro de 2021): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/141krg53s.

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Language is an important mean of communication and it is constantly changing. During the language change a lot of words become out of use and many other new words become part of lexicon . The lexicon of the language is constantly enlarging and one important way to enlarge a language is by word formation. In German and Albanian Languages word formation is defined as a process of forming new words. In both, German and Albanian Languages an important contribution in word formation is given by compounding. In German Language compound words make up 2/3 of lexical language. The dominant part of compound words is the formation of compound nouns. German Language has got a lot of compound nouns so it has the ability to create new compounds between the connection of nouns or the connection of a noun with the other parts of discourse. In most cases the compounds of German Language find their equivalent in Albanian Language in simple words or phrases. In both languages a compound noun consists of two or more (lexical parts) components; they can have subordinate and coordinate relations. The majority of compounds is done by coordinate relations (determinate compositions). The composition components have a strict word order. If the word order changes in German Language, the meaning of composition will change, it will take a new meaning. (Of course there are exceptions in a few cases). If the word order changes in Albanian Language, the word becomes meaningless. In Albanian language the components of a compound noun are connected without fugues. Compound nouns with connecting vowels (o / a) are very few, while in German linking elements (fugues : e-, -s-, -es-, -n-, -en-, -er-, -ens-, -o-, ) are typical.

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Jeep, John M. "Stabreimende Wortpaare im Minnesang (neben Hartmann, Walther und Wolfram)". Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik 80, n.º 3 (24 de novembro de 2020): 303–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18756719-12340187.

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Abstract Building on studies on alliterating word-pairs in Old and Early Middle High German (including early Minnesang poets, Gotfried von Straßburg, Hartmann von Aue, Walther von der Vogelweide und Wolfram von Eschenbach), this study collects and analyses the remaining Minnesang poets of the Classic Period (Des Minnesangs Frühling), tracing the use of extant and the emergence of new alliterating word-pairs while establishing their literary rhetorical context. Thus, the early history of the German alliterating word-pairs is extended within the Middle High German era.

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Korol, Svitlana. "COMPOUND NOUNS IN GERMAN LANGUAGE". Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ «Fìlologìâ» 1, n.º 10(78) (27 de fevereiro de 2020): 124–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2020-10(78)-124-127.

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The article deals with one of the most common types of word formation in German as word compounding. Compound nouns have become the object of study, as this part of the language leads the way in the formation of new words in this way. The relevance of the research is reinforced by the fact that German compound nouns differ by their multicomponent structure and are in the process of regular growth of their numbers, so they are attracting the attention of Germanists of different generations continuously. The study has examined the nature of the component composition of composites, the types of bonding between components, the types of constituent components, the role of the connecting element, the syllable’s accentuation of components of the compound noun etc. The compound can be built from nouns, adjectives, verbs or an invariable element (prepositions). There is no limit of the number of the associated words. The last word in the compound always determines the gender and plural form of the compound noun. The connectors or linking elements in existing German compound words often correspond to old case endings (e.g., plural, genitive). These endings expressed the relationship of the compound parts to one another. The article considers the causes of the formation of complex nouns. Compounds make the German language more flexible. In general, compounds are used to convey more information in one word and for reasons of language economy. Special attention deserves such a phenomenon as Denglish. This is the mashing of words from the two languages to create new hybrid words.

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Haas, Florian. "Motivating an English-German contrast in word-formation". Languages in Contrast 17, n.º 2 (19 de setembro de 2017): 183–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.17.2.02haa.

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Abstract German has a set of nouns which are derived from a combination of a preposition and the reciprocal pronoun einander ‘one another’. Compounds of this type are strikingly absent from English, although all the components that enter the German formations are available in English, as well. This paper takes a closer look at the relevant word-formation patterns, focusing on compounding and different types of conversion, also taking into account the diachrony of reciprocal pronouns (einander in German and each other/one another in English) and the role of morphological schemas. It will be argued that for explaining the lack of English nouns corresponding to the German nouns under discussion contrasts in the history and the grammar of reciprocals are less relevant than (i) the availability of well-entrenched word-formation patterns, and (ii) the more significant role of ‘syntactic conversion’ in German.

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Kotorova, Elizaveta. "Текстоспецифические способы словообразования в русском и немецком языках (сравнение фикциональных и фактуальных текстов)". Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 14, n.º 2 (24 de dezembro de 2023): 369–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pw.9722.

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This article seeks to determine whether different kinds of word formation can serve as a criterion for the classification and characterization of different text types and to what extent this criterion is dependent on a particular language. In order to demonstrate the role of word formation, the study analyzes fictional texts (fairy tales) and factual texts (instruction manuals) with respect to what kinds and types of word formation are specific for these types of texts in Russian and German. The analysis shows that although the text-distinguishing function of kinds of word formation is manifested in both languages, in Russian it is expressed to a lesser extent than in German. The reason for this is that the basic kinds of word formation are less evenly distributed in the Russian language than in German.

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Döpke, Susanne. "Approaches to first language acquisition". Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 15, n.º 2 (1 de janeiro de 1992): 137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.15.2.08dop.

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A bilingual child’s development of word order in German and English subordinate clauses was followed between three and five years of age, and a number of diversions from the development of word order in such clauses by monolingual children was noted. Of particular interest is the fact that incorrect dependent clause structures in German were more likely to be due to intra-language influences from German main clause structures than from English. The findings are discussed in the light UG claims made by Clahsen (1988) concerning the word order development in monolingual children.

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Fortuna, Marcin. "A typological shift in the phonological history of German from the perspective of licensing scales". Beyond Philology An International Journal of Linguistics, Literary Studies and English Language Teaching, n.º 15/1 (18 de dezembro de 2018): 9–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/bp.2018.1.01.

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The paper argues that the typological shift of German from a syllable language to a word language (Szczepaniak 2007) can be accounted for through reference to a change at the level of the nuclei and their licensing abilities (Cyran 2003, 2010). Old High German used full nuclei in all positions of the word. In the late Old High German period, unstressed vowel reduction took place and entailed a domino effect of further changes. Reduced vowels were granted more licensing potential, and empty nuclei were strengthened too. This parametric shift is assumed to lie at the heart of the whole typological shift. There is no need to state that Old High German “profiled” the syllable, while Modern High German “profiles” the word, since most of the associated phenomena can be explained with more basic mechanisms.

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Rifqi, Fadhaly Ijlal, e Iman Santoso. "The German Word “Wohl” in the Novel “Das Parfum” by Patrick Süskind and its Translation in Indonesian". Journal DaFIna - Journal Deutsch als Fremdsprache in Indonesien 6, n.º 2 (27 de dezembro de 2022): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um079v6i22022p13-23.

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This study aims to describe the form of the equivalent in the Indonesian of the German word “wohl” contained in the novel das Parfum and the function of the German word “wohl” in the novel das Parfum and its equivalent in Indonesian. This research is qualitative descriptive research. The object of this study is all the utterances containing the German word “wohl” in the novel das Parfum by Patrick Süskind. The source of the data was obtained from the novel das Parfum and its translation in Indonesian. Data collection is carried out by read-record technique. This research instrument is the researcher himself (human instrument). To determine the validity of the research data, Expert Judgement is used. The results of this study are concluded that the German word “wohl” in the novel “das Parfum” is used as particle, no equivalent, adverb, adjective, verb, and conjunction.

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Marušić, Borislav. "Multi-word Expressions in German Annual Reports: A Diachronic Approach". Društvene i humanističke studije (Online) 8, n.º 3(24) (31 de dezembro de 2023): 297–326. http://dx.doi.org/10.51558/2490-3647.2023.8.3.297.

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Corporations and stock exchanges are considered the "heart of capitalism" because they are responsible for the creation of inventions, new technologies, and entire industries in the past two centuries, and thus, through their actions, have significantly supported technological and social progress. Since the second half of the 19th century, German corporations have played the role of a pillar of the German economy and Germany has become one of the most economically developed European countries. Despite its economic importance, the German corporate language, as a segment of Business German (German: Wirtschaftsdeutsch), has not been significantly researched. This corpus linguistics paper presents the results of diachronic research of multi-word expressions in the annual reports of corporations from the three most important DAX Prime Standard indices, created by the German Stock Exchange (German: Deutsche Börse) from Frankfurt am Main – DAX, MDAX, and S-DAX. The subject of the linguistic analysis is the annual reports of 11 German corporations for the fiscal years 1997 and 2022. The results of the analysis show changes in the lexicon in the German corporate language over the past 25 years and can be a stimulus for further corpus research in that area. The results of the research can also have pedagogical implications because they can be used to create various types of lexical exercises in Business German classes, which contain the latest vocabulary from that field.

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Martinez-Garcia, Maria Teresa. "Syllable Structure Effects in Word Recognition by Spanish- and German-Speaking Second Language Learners of English". Atlantis. Journal of the Spanish Association for Anglo-American Studies 43, n.º 2 (23 de dezembro de 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.28914/atlantis-2021-43.2.01.

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Previous findings in the literature point to the influence that speech perception has on word recognition. However, which specific aspects of the first (L1) and second language (L2) mapping play the most important role is still not fully understood. This study explores whether, and if so, how, L1-L2 syllable-structure differences affect word recognition. Spanish- and German-speaking English learners completed an AXB and a word-monitoring task in English that manipulated the presence of a vowel in words with /s/-initial consonant clusters—e.g., especially versus specially. The results show a clear effect of L1 on L2 learners’ perception and word recognition, with the German group outperforming the Spanish one. These results indicate that the similarity in the syllable structure between English and German fosters positive transfer in both perception and word recognition despite the inexact segmental mapping.

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Finkbeiner, Rita. "Identical constituent compounds in German". Word Structure 7, n.º 2 (outubro de 2014): 182–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/word.2014.0065.

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The status of identical constituent compounds (ICCs) (e.g. Künstler-Künstler, ‘artist-artist’) is discussed controversially in the morphological literature on German. In this paper, it is claimed that ICC formation is a productive word formation pattern in German. In the first part of the paper, I investigate the formal, semantic and pragmatic properties of ICCs in German. Based on this description, I discuss in more detail two conflicting claims about their meaning constitution: the ‘prototype reading claim’ and the ‘context-dependency claim’. I argue that ICCs do not behave differently, in principle, from canonical N+N compounds with respect to context-dependency. Based on a discussion of selected theoretical models of nominal compounds, an approach is sketched that takes into account not only semantic and contextual, but also stored conceptual and experiential knowledge as main sources of knowledge in ICC interpretation. In the second part of the paper, the results of a pilot experimental study are presented in which 40 native speakers were asked to paraphrase a set of context-free German ICCs. The findings clearly indicate that ICCs are systematically interpretable in isolation, with a significant preference for ‘prototype’ (e.g. Winter-Winter: ‘very cold winter’) and ‘real’ readings (e.g. Holz-Holz: ‘real wood, not artificial wood’).

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Nosacheva, Marina, e Nataliya Danilina. "Types of Compound Word-Formation in Medical Terminology (On the Material of the German Language)". Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije, n.º 4 (dezembro de 2019): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2019.4.11.

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The aim of the study is to optimize the classification of the types of the compound word-building with components of Greek and Latin origin; the research is based on the sample of 2882 substantive compound terms of the German clinical terminology. The researches apply the descriptive analytical and quantitative methods to the study. It is stated, that the words with complex morphemic structures can be formed by composite and non-composite types of word-building. The paper presents the complex classification of different ways of the compound word-formation considering following criteria: the type and the base of the word-formation process (morphological and morphological-and-syntactic ways of the compound word-formation), the number of the word-building processes, taking place within the compound word-formation (pure and mixed types of the compound word-formation). The analysis of the material reveals the dominance of the morphological compound word-building. In the medical terminology the following subtypes of the compound word-formation are distinguished: stem + terminological element, term + term, stem + term, with the latter two to be the most productive.The use of terminological units as structural elements of compounds and their employment in classification allows to avoid excessive extension of stock of morphemes used in the so-called intermediate zone. Further arrangement of word-building patterns is carried out according to the genetic criterion. In German clinical terminology the dominance of hybrid terms with German components has been established; among homogeneous compounds the terms consisting of Greek rather than Latin or German components are more widely represented. The proposed classifications are applicable to the material of medical terminologies in other languages and enable their accurate comparison.

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Jeep, John M. "Alliterating Word-Pairs in Old High German: Approaching a Rhetorical Evaluation". American Journal of Germanic Linguistics and Literatures 8, n.º 1 (1996): 33–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1040820700001712.

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A survey of the Old High German texts provides a number of significant finds relating to the early use, frequency, and distribution of alliterating word-pairs. In the presentation and analysis of selected data, parameters for addressing a more complete rhetorical evaluation of the phraseologisms as they appear in the texts are outlined, with consideration of issues such as transmission, source influence, genre, and dialect. Contours of the early history of the alliterating word-pair in German are presented, while perspectives for further research are sketched. An appendix lists the entire corpus of Old High German alliterating word-pairs.

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Hammer, Langdon. "Plath's German". ELH 91, n.º 1 (março de 2024): 239–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/elh.2024.a922015.

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Abstract: This essay explores Plath's conflicted attitude toward the German language, which she tried and failed to learn. For Plath, German stood in relation to English in the position that the pre-linguistic verbal activity of the infant stands in relation to the acquired language. A language both intimate and foreign, familiar and alien, forgotten and never mastered, German was the language inside the language of her poetry, binding her to German history and culture. In "Daddy," Plath's play with word-sounds brings the dynamics of language learning into contact with sado-masochistic fantasy and the history of the Holocaust.

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Khakimova, Giulnara. "To the question on the efficiency of Greek-Latin terminological elements within the German veterinary system of terms". Филология: научные исследования, n.º 3 (março de 2020): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0749.2020.3.32617.

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The subject of this research is the auxiliary terminological elements of Greek-Latin origin, determined by the author at the current state of study from the German one-word veterinary terms. The article considers the problem of word creation within the veterinary terminological system of German language using the terminological material of classical languages. The goal consists in identification of the most efficient morphological ways of word creation based on affixation, derivational activity of auxiliary Greek-Latin terminological elements in creation of derivative veterinary terms in German language, as well as review of the semantics of most frequent initial and completive terminological elements. Based on the analysis of the corpus of factual material, the author concludes that the most efficient out of morphological ways of derivatives of nouns and adjectives is the prefix-suffix method. The novelty of this research consists in determination of the most frequent initial and completive auxiliary terminological elements in German veterinary sublanguage among one-word derivatives.

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Waldinger, Albert. "The Remnant Word". Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 47, n.º 1 (31 de dezembro de 2001): 49–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.47.1.06wal.

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This article deals with the meaning of contemporary Yiddish poetry and its translation into several non-Jewish languages — French, German and English — stressing the perfected realization of this meaning through educated insight into a completely different culture and language. Also discussed are the contributions of Hasidism, Expressionism and Yiddish Introspectivism as well as the fact that both poetry and language are in the process of disappearing and thus require special care.

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Gataullin, Ravil G. "Univerbation is a problematic way of word formation in German language". Bulletin of Chelyabinsk State University 483, n.º 1 (16 de fevereiro de 2024): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.47475/1994-2796-2024-483-1-36-43.

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The article analyzes derivational univerbation as one of the forms of compression functioning in word formation. Univerbation is a merging, pulling together of a free or stable word combination, a sentence or a sentence fragment into one verbal whole. The new word-forming construction in its form corresponds with one word, and in its semantics with the whole word combination. It is not uncommon for a new word to “absorb” the meaning of the context. The activity of universalization is closely connected with the need for “economical” nominations of new concepts, as well as with the need for stylistic variation of the name. This way of word formation allows creating compact, economical, concise and succinct forms of expressing thoughts without special speech efforts. The problematic character of this derivational model is that there is an extended interpretation of the essence of word formation methods.

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Friel, Brian M., e Shelia M. Kennison. "Identifying German–English cognates, false cognates, and non-cognates: methodological issues and descriptive norms". Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 4, n.º 3 (dezembro de 2001): 249–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728901000438.

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We investigated 563 German–English nouns for the purposes of identifying cognates, false cognates and non-cognates. Two techniques for identifying cognates were used and compared: (i) De Groot and Nas's (1991) similarity-rating technique and (ii) a translation-elicitation task similar to that of Kroll and Stewart (1994). The results obtained with English-speaking participants produced 112 cognates, 94 false cognates, and 357 non cognates and indicated that the two techniques yielded similar findings. Rated similarity of German–English translation pairs and translation accuracy were positively correlated. We also investigated whether the presence of German-specific characters and the availability of German pronunciation information influenced similarity ratings and translation accuracy. Ratings for translation pairs in which the German word contained a language-specific character were lower and the word was translated less accurately. Participants provided with pronunciation information rated German–English translation pairs as being more similar and translated German words correctly more often than participants who did not receive pronunciation information. We also report the relationships among word frequency, rated imageability and the performance measures. The resulting database of information is intended to be a resource for researchers interested in cognitive processing in German–English bilinguals.

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Keurentjes, Marco. "The Original Meaning of the Dutch Word polder". Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik 82, n.º 3 (26 de outubro de 2022): 319–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18756719-12340261.

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Abstract The origin of the word polder is contested. The older theories derive polder from Dutch pol (‘sod of grass, top, head, higher piece of land’, cognate with English poll(e) and Middle-Low-German pol(le)) or from Dutch poel (‘puddle, pond of still water’; cognate with German Pfuhl, English pool and Middle-Low German pōl(e)/pūl). In this article the author will review the etymological explanations and offer new support for a connection with poel. The original meaning of polder must have been ‘a land covered in puddles, wetland, marshy ground’.

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Abdulganeeva, I. I. "OCCASIONAL WORD FORMATION: COGNITIVE-DISCURSIVE PERSPECTIVE". Voprosy Kognitivnoy Lingvistiki, n.º 3 (2023): 96–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.20916/1812-3228-2022-2-96-107.

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The article considers occasional word formation as a linguistic phenomenon of the intensity category representation in differently structured languages in the light of the cognitive-discursive paradigm of modern linguistic research. This study is based on the principle of synthesizing the accumulated knowledge on the theory and methodology of cognitive-discursive analysis, on the theory and semantics of word formation, including the use of methods of comparative, textological, component, functional-semantic and morphological analysis. Based on the analysis of the precedent poetic texts of the Russian author V. Mayakovsky, the word-formation models of occasional formations in the Russian language are identified and the ways of their reconstruction in the target language (German) are substantiated. The author singles out nominal suffixal occasionalisms (nouns and adjectives), nominal and verbal prefixed occasionalisms and nominal compound occasionalisms according to the word-formation method, highlighting as a separate group grammar occasionalisms (or formative occasional formations). They are characterized by the use of lexical units conventionally fixed in lexicographic publications, while the grammatical forms of these units are non-standardized. Translated German analogues are characterized by both analytical word-building structures, determined by the translator’s desire to convey not only the meaning, but also preserve the original form of translated occasionalism, and the widespread use of the descriptive method of translation, which includes usual lexical units to describe the original occasionalism. The comparison of the Russian and German languages reveals the differences in the semantic, structural and syntactic (rhythmic for poetic discourse) aspects on the example of occasional units of poetic discourse. This indicates the need to talk not about equivalence in translation, but about the correlation of the analyzed units. As a result of comparing the studied units, certain regularities characteristic of the derivational systems of the Russian and German languages, reflecting the cognitive-mental nature of the word-formation processes of categorization and conceptualization of the external and internal world of the Russian and German linguistic culture members were established.

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