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van der Valk, Arnold. "Howard T. Odum and wetland ecology". Wetland Science & Practice 37, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2020): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1672/ucrt083-220.
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Howard Thomas Odum (1924-2003) was an important transitional figure in the development of wetland ecology in the United States. Although he was educated before wetland ecology became a recognized subdiscipline of ecology, his research during the first half of his academic career (ca. 1950 to 1975) was focused primarily on wetlands. By the early 1970s, he was self-identifying as a wetland ecologist, e.g., by establishing the Center for Wetlands at the University of Florida. Although Odum was interested in much more than wetlands, especially during the last half of his lengthy career, he contributed significantly to increasing the visibility of wetlands and to the development of wetland ecology in four principal ways: (1) his innovative and influential research on the trophic structure of Silver Springs, a riverine wetland; (2) his highly visible research on the use of Cypress Domes to treat waste water; (3) his establishment of a major academic, wetland research institute, the Center for Wetlands; and (4) his many graduate students who obtained influential jobs in academia, government agencies and private companies. When Odum started his academic career wetland ecology did not exist. Halfway through it, wetland ecology began to arise as a distinct discipline and Odum was one of the major reason why this happened.
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Carter, Virginia. "An overview of the hydrologic concerns related to wetlands in the United States". Canadian Journal of Botany 64, n.º 2 (1 de fevereiro de 1986): 364–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b86-053.
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There is a tremendous diversity in wetland types and wetland vegetation in the United States, caused primarily by regional, geologic, topographic, and climatic differences. Wetland hydrology, a primary driving force influencing wetland ecology, development, and persistence, is as yet poorly understood. The interaction between groundwater and surface water and the discharge–recharge relationships in wetlands affect water quality and nutrient budgets as well as vegetative composition. Hydrologic considerations necessary for an improved understanding of wetland ecology include detailed water budgets, water chemistry, water regime, and boundary conditions. Wetland values are often based on perceived wetland functions. These hydrologic functions include (i) flood storage and flood-peak desynchronization, (ii) recharge and discharge, (iii) base flow and estuarine water balance, and (iv) water-quality regulation. Expanded research and basic data collection focussed on wetland hydrology and its relation to wetland ecology are needed to identify and quantify the hydrologic functions of wetlands.
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Hughes, Jocelyne M. R., R. J. Naiman e H. Decamps. "Wetland Ecology". Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters 2, n.º 1 (janeiro de 1992): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2997330.
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Roberts, Thomas H. "Wetland ecology". Wetlands 21, n.º 3 (setembro de 2001): 448–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2001)021[0448:r]2.0.co;2.
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Pang, Chun-chiu, Yik-Hei Sung, Yun-tak Chung, Hak-king Ying, Helen Hoi Ning Fong e Yat-tung Yu. "Spatial ecology of little egret (Egretta garzetta) in Hong Kong uncovers preference for commercial fishponds". PeerJ 8 (8 de setembro de 2020): e9893. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9893.
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Many natural wetlands have been converted to human-influenced wetlands. In some instances, human-influenced wetlands could provide complementary habitats for waterbirds, compensating for the loss of natural wetlands. Inner Deep Bay in Hong Kong is composed of both natural and human-influenced wetlands and is under immense development pressure. From an ecology perspective, we need to understand if different wetland types play the same ecological role. To achieve this, we tracked nine little egrets (Egretta garzetta) using GPS loggers for 14 months to study their spatial ecology, home range, movement and habitat use. We found that over 88% of the home range of all individuals comprised of wetlands (commercial fishponds, mangrove, gei wai, channel, and intertidal mudflat). Among these wetland types, nearly all (seven of nine) individuals preferred commercial fishponds over other habitats in all seasons. Little egrets exhibited seasonal movement and habitat use among seasons, with largest home range, greatest movement, and most frequent visits to commercial fishponds in winter compared to spring and autumn. Our results highlight the significant role of commercial fishponds, providing a feeding ground for little egrets. However, other wetland types cannot be ignored, as they were also used considerably. These findings underscore the importance of maintaining a diversity of wetland types as alternative foraging and breeding habitats.
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Guo, Ziliang, Weiwei Liu, Manyin Zhang, Yuguang Zhang e Xiaoyu Li. "Transforming the wetland conservation system in China". Marine and Freshwater Research 71, n.º 11 (2020): 1469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf19383.
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Wetland conservation has gradually improved worldwide. In situ conservation is effective in protecting valuable wetlands. Here, we review the expansion, reformation and problems associated with wetland conservation in China. The wetland conservation system in China comprises a wetland protected area network (nature reserves, wetland parks, urban wetland parks, aquatic germplasm reserves and special marine reserves) and a wetland grading system. Following rapid expansion, national wetland protected areas cover 4.78% of the country. At the same time, a wetland grading system that categorises the importance of wetlands has expanded to 13 provinces. However, reforming wetlands, including improving the role of wetlands, adjusting departmental responsibility, reforming conservation systems and implementing comprehensive wetland conservation regimes, is somewhat arduous and complicated at present. Although these changes have contributed to wetland conservation in China, the wetland conservation system still faces considerable problems because of a lack of uniform and efficient regulations. Management functions and spatial scope overlap in different systems, and there is a disconnect between resource management and law enforcement. A unified legal system and wetland identity cards should be established, with stronger law enforcement. Synergy between wetland conservation systems should improve, innovative wetland conservation mechanisms should be used and better coordination among different protection systems is needed.
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Smardon, Richard. "U.S. Clean Water Act Policy vs. Wetland Science - Nexus or Not?" Wetland Science & Practice 36, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2019): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1672/ucrt083-241.
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This is a historical overview of the role that wetland science has played in regard to wetland management policy in North America. The major focus will be U.S. based since this is where wetland science has a direct link to policy and vice versa. From an international perspective – please see the book- Sustaining the World’s Wetlands: Setting Policy and Resolving Conflicts. The linkage of wetland science to policy has not always been symbiotic as one can see from this article, but even the problematic nexus issues are instructive. This author relied heavily upon Environmental Law Institute’s National Wetland Newsletter from 1986 to 2016 as a major guide to policy versus wetlands science issues besides relevant journal articles, books, and other sources. For an in depth look at the history of U.S. wetlands and for coastal wetlands, readers are referred to Discovering the Unknown Landscape: A History of America’s Wetlands and Tidal Wetlands Primer: An Introduction to Their Ecology, Natural History, Status, and Conservation, respectively.
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Smith, P. G. R., V. Glooschenko e D. A. Hagen. "Coastal Wetlands of Three Canadian Great Lakes: Inventory, Current Conservation Initiatives, and Patterns of Variation". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48, n.º 8 (1 de agosto de 1991): 1581–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f91-187.
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The decline of wetlands, including those in the Great Lakes coastal zone, prompted the Government of Ontario to initiate steps towards a wetland management policy in 1981. Wetland inventory and evaluation in southern Ontario began in 1983. To date, 1982 wetlands have been evaluated totalling 390 000 ha. These include 160 coastal wetlands, 64 of these on Lake Ontario and the remainder on the other Great Lakes and connecting channels. Current wetland conservation initiatives are outlined including the Wetlands Planning Policy Statement and Conservation Lands Act. Although the values of Ontario's coastal wetland areas are increasingly being recognized, there has been no comprehensive study to show patterns in coastal wetland ecology. Aided by analysis of variance, ordination, and cluster analysis, we show patterns of variation in wetland and site types, soils, dissolved solids, vegetation complexity, and rare flora and fauna which differ between wetlands along Lakes Ontario, Huron, Erie, St. Clair, and connecting channels. Wetlands of Lake Huron reflect a more northern species composition, less organic soil, and more swamp and fen habitat. Along Lakes Erie, Ontario, and St. Clair the predominant marshes have smaller swamp components, organic soils, and considerable dissolved solids.
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Davidson, Nick C., e C. Max Finlayson. "Extent, regional distribution and changes in area of different classes of wetland". Marine and Freshwater Research 69, n.º 10 (2018): 1525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf17377.
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We compiled available data and information on the global and regional areas (Ramsar regions), and changes in area, of 22 classes of marine or coastal and inland wetlands. From those classes for which there is information, inland natural surface wetlands (forming ~77% of total surface wetland extent) are dominated by non-forested peatlands, marshes and swamps on alluvial soils, with peatlands forming ~33% of natural inland wetlands. The smaller area of marine or coastal wetlands (~10% of total wetland extent) is dominated by unvegetated tidal flats and saltmarshes. Largest areas of human-made wetlands for which there is information are rice paddy and water storage bodies, with a much smaller area of tropical oil palm and pulpwood plantations. These human-made wetlands are all increasing in area. The reported decline in global natural wetland area is occurring across almost all classes of inland and marine or coastal natural wetlands. Total global wetland area estimated from these wetland classes is between 15.2×106 and 16.2×106km2, similar to recent global wetland area estimates derived from remote sensing. Given the considerable data gaps for area of wetland classes, even the most recent other estimates of global wetland extent are likely to be underestimates.
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Zhang, Aiying, Zhixia Ying, Xunyu Hu e Mingjian Yu. "Phylogenetic Diversity of Wetland Plants across China". Plants 10, n.º 9 (6 de setembro de 2021): 1850. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10091850.
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Accelerating and severe wetland loss has made wetland restoration increasingly important. Current wetland restorations do not take into consideration the ecological adaptability of wetland plants at large scales, which likely affects their long-term restoration success. We explored the ecological adaptability, including plant life forms and phylogenetic diversity, of plants across 28 wetlands in China. We found that perennial herbs were more common than annual herbs, with the proportion of perennial herbs accounting for 40–50%, 45–65%, 45–70%, 50–60%, and 60–80% of species in coastal wetlands, human-made wetlands, lake wetlands, river wetlands, and marsh wetlands, respectively. A ranking of phylogenetic diversity indices (PDIs) showed an order of marsh < river < coastal < lake < human-made, meaning that human-made wetlands had the highest phylogenetic diversity and marsh wetlands had the lowest phylogenetic diversity. The nearest taxon index (NTI) was positive in 23 out of 28 wetlands, indicating that species were phylogenetically clustered in wetland habitats. Dominant species tended to be distantly related to non-dominant species, as were alien invasive species and native species. Our study indicated that annual herbs and perennial herbs were found in different proportions in different types of wetlands and that species were phylogenetically clustered in wetland habitats. To improve wetland restoration, we suggest screening for native annual herbs and perennial herbs in proportions that occur naturally and the consideration of the phylogenetic similarity to dominant native species.
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Xiao, Size, e Zilin Zhang. "Introduction of organisms to address soil quality in wetland ecosystems". Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 83 (27 de fevereiro de 2024): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/z4tfsg36.
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The wetland ecosystem, as known as the “lung of the earth”, is an important component of the biosphere. The size of wetlands can vary from a few square kilometers to tens of thousands of square kilometers, and the location of wetlands also varies greatly, from inland to coastal, from rural to urban, and is extremely widely distributed. In addition, wetlands are one of the ecosystems with the strongest self-purification capacity in the natural environment, and their purification capacity is 1.5 times that of forests in the same area, so the protection of wetland ecosystems occupies a great position in the field of ecology. This article is going to explain the introduction of organisms into wetland ecosystems to improve soil quality in wetland ecosystems in many ways.
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Smardon, Richard. "Eden Again: Hope in the Marshes of Iraq". Wetland Science & Practice 36, n.º 2 (abril de 2019): 136–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1672/ucrt083-226.
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Every once in a while this reviewer discovers a book that peaks one’s curiosity, addresses wetland restoration, is not a wetland science book per se but incorporates human wetland lifestyle dependency. Examples of such would include those catching crayfish the Atchafalaya in Louisiana or those fishing on the Georgia coastal wetlands. This reviewer has long been intrigued with human ecology, and the roles of nongovernment organizations in wetland management (Smardon 2009). Suzanne Alwash’s book Eden Again: Hope in the Marshes of Iraq is such a book. This book reveals the history of the Southern Iraq wetlands fed by the Tigris and Euphrates rivers from ancient times to about 2012.
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Medina, Ernesto. "Amazonian Wetland Ecology". Biotropica 43, n.º 6 (novembro de 2011): 767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2011.00808.x.
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Kai Xu, Chunfang Kong, Gang Liu, Chonglong Wu, Hongbin Deng, Yi Zhang e Qianlai Zhuang. "Changes of urban wetlands in Wuhan, China, from 1987 to 2005". Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 34, n.º 2 (30 de março de 2010): 207–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133309360626.
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Urban wetlands play a significant role in the sustainable development of the urban eco-environment. However, accelerated urbanization has caused rapid changes in urban wetland landscape patterns, which may seriously affect their functions. Based on land-use maps, TM images, and field data from the Wuhan wetlands, the spatiotemporal evolution and wetland landscape pattern were quantitatively analyzed, with reference to landscape ecology indices of diversity, fragmentation, dominance, shape, and dimension. The results showed that: (1) the natural wetland area decreased: lake wetlands and marsh wetlands decreased by 18.71% and 50.3% from 1987 to 2005, respectively; (2) artificial wetland area increased by 47.75% in Wuhan over the same period; (3) the lake wetland area of Wuhan declined due to the conversion of large lakes to smaller ones; (4) the value of the diversity index (H), evenness index (E), and fragmentation index (F) decreased, while the value of the dominance index (D) increased from 1987 to 2005; (5) the landscape shape index (LSI) and fractal dimension (FD) of the river wetlands, lake wetlands, bottomland wetlands, and marsh wetlands decreased, while the LSI and FD of the reservoir and pond wetlands increased from 1987 to 2005; and (6) natural, societal, and economic, as well as human, activities are major factors for the structural changes in the Wuhan wetland landscape, as revealed by canonical correlation analysis. Results suggest that the ecological environment of urban wetlands should be protected to maximize the services of urban wetland ecosystems in Wuhan, China.
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Stenert, Cristina, e Leonardo Maltchik. "Influence of area, altitude and hydroperiod on macroinvertebrate communities in southern Brazil wetlands". Marine and Freshwater Research 58, n.º 11 (2007): 993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf07073.
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Wetlands are important ecosystems in southern Brazil because they show high productivity and biological diversity. However, conservative data indicate that ~90% of the wetlands have disappeared as a result of agricultural expansion. In this sense, the understanding of species composition and richness patterns in fragmented and natural wetlands is a priority for biodiversity conservation strategies. The main goal of the present study was to determine how much variation in macroinvertebrate richness and composition is explained by wetland area, hydroperiod and altitude. This survey was carried out in an extensive area of the Neotropical region (~280000 km2 – southern Brazil) with a large number of wetland systems (72) and covering a wide gradient of altitude and wetland surface area. The macroinvertebrate richness was higher in permanent wetlands than intermittent ones, and intermittent wetlands supported a macroinvertebrate composition that clearly differed from those of permanent wetlands. Macroinvertebrate richness was positively affected by wetland area; however, this relationship was significant only in permanent wetlands. There is a need to promote conservation of all wetland systems in southern Brazil, regardless of their hydroperiod and area. These arguments are essential to develop conservation and management programs of wetlands in this region.
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Das, Bhagya, Rashika Bhattacharyya e Himashree Bora. "Sustainable Wetland Management: A Case Study on Panidihing Bird Sanctuary Wetland Areas". Ecology, Environment and Conservation 29, suppl (2023): 346–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i06s.052.
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Wetlands are the most important feature in the earth’s surface and it is one of the integral parts of our ecosystem. It is responsible for maintaining the ecological balance in the ecosystem. The wetlands of Assam are facing serious challenges from both nature as well as from men. Climate change and the rapid increase of human activities causing threats to the wetland of Assam. Panidihing Bird Sanctuary wetland areas face several challenges and its rich heritage is degrading over the years. This degradation of natural wetlands impacts one the number of total inhabitant flora and fauna. The conservation and management of Panidihing wetland areas will be a major task for the government as well as for the concerned management authorities. The sustainable management of wetlands is in high demand. More suitable legislative actions are needed for the conservation of wetlands and their residing wildlife. There must be a reduction in human activities that harm the wetland areas. The government must pay attention to investigating the issue of seasonal drought in the Panidihing wetland areas. This paper is an attempt to study the seasonal variations, sustainable management strategies, conservation and mitigation, and prospect for policy formulation and implementation for the Panidihing wetland region.
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Hardiansyah, Hardiansyah, Noorhidayati Noorhidayati e Mahrudin Mahrudin. "Validitas Bahan Ajar Pengayaan Mata Kuliah Ekologi Lahan Basah Pokok Bahasan Lahan Basah Kalimantan Selatan Berbasis Hasil Penelitian Ikan di Sekitar Pulau Sirang Waduk Riam Kanan Kabupaten Banjar". Wahana-Bio: Jurnal Biologi dan Pembelajarannya 11, n.º 2 (19 de dezembro de 2019): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/wb.v11i2.11133.
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The wetland environment can be used as a source of learning and teaching material, so that learning is carried out based on contextual learning. This study aims to describe the validity of ecology enrichment teaching materials on wetlands subject of wetlands in South Kalimantan based on the results of fish research around the Sirang Island, Riam Kanan Reservoir, Banjar Regency. This research method is research and development with 5 steps, identification of potential and problems, data collection, product design, design validation, and design revision. The results showed that teaching materials in the form of handouts that were developed as enrichment material for land ecology courses had very valid or were suitable for use. Readability test by 7 students who have passed the wetland ecology course gets very good criteria.
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Liu, Jing. "Research on Sewage Treatment of Constructed Wetland on Expressway". Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (dezembro de 2013): 1281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.1281.
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As a new type of ecology treatment technology, constructed wetland has been widely utilized in the sewage disposal system. The paper researches into the constructed wetlands basic concept, structural constitutions and the sewage disposal mechanism. It has been certified that the constructed wetland technology play an important role in decreasing point source pollution on expressway.
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Chen, Chen, Jiajun Feng, Changyou Wang, Longjiang Mao e Yuanzhi Zhang. "Satellite-Based Monitoring of Coastal Wetlands in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, n.º 6 (17 de junho de 2022): 829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10060829.
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The dynamic process of the wetland can reflect its impact on the environment, and finding a balance point supporting harmonious coexistence between man and nature has become an issue of increasing concern. On the basis of previous studies that have focused on local coastal wetlands, the temporal and spatial changes and driving forces of wetlands in the Yancheng coastal area from 1991 to 2021 were analyzed over a larger area. According to the study findings: (1) The results of the study of the Yancheng coastal wetland with a larger scope differed significantly from findings resulting from a study of coastal wetland only. This difference was mainly reflected in the relatively stable situation of wetland ecology as a whole, while the changes in local surface features were more significant. (2) Natural wetlands were transformed into artificial wetlands and non-wetland types, and artificial wetlands were transformed into non-wetland types; additionally, reverse transformations and internal transformations of surface features also took place. For instance, the saltpan was transformed into mudflats (86.26 km2), and some mudflats into herbaceous vegetation (193.47 km2). (3) When analyzing the impact intensity of human activities on the Yancheng wetland, it was found that this factor has experienced a process of first rising and then falling. The index was 0.650, 0.653, 0.664, 0.661, and 0.641 in 1991, 2000, 2008, 2016, and 2021, respectively. (4) Lastly, an analysis of factors driving wetland change revealed that human factors were the most critical reasons for wetland landscape change. Our work can play a reference and inspiration role in the monitoring and protection of similar coastal wetlands.
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Chadhokar, Yojana, e Lynette C. McLaughlin. "Interpretation at Wetland Sites in the Sydney Region". Journal of Interpretation Research 4, n.º 1 (abril de 1999): 39–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109258729900400104.
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Interpretation of wetland issues and values for the broader community, as well as for students, is regarded as an important strategy toward achieving better wetland management, reversing past degradation, and halting wetland loss along the east coast of Australia, where population pressure has heavily affected these systems. This paper presents the results of a review of interpretive and educational facilities and programs at five wetland sites across the Sydney region to gain a regional perspective on the provision of wetland education and interpretation of wetland ecology and conservation. This review considered goals, range of facilities and programs, wetland themes covered for the general public and in formal educational programs, and evaluation methods. The results are discussed in light of the overall goal of wetland conservation and more detailed goals at individual sites. Goals were found to focus primarily on “public awareness” of wetlands, a goal inadequate to meet the broader goal of long-term protection and conservation. At sites most accessible to the majority of the Sydney population, a considerable discrepancy existed between the aspects of wetland ecology and management presented to school groups and those presented to the general public, making it difficult to meet even the goal of public awareness.
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Melati, Aisyah, e Bani Noor Muchamad. "STASIUN RISET BEKANTAN PADA LAHAN BASAH". LANTING JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE 10, n.º 1 (28 de fevereiro de 2021): 54–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/lanting.v10i1.625.
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Wetlands are a natural habitat for endemic animals of South Kalimantan, namely proboscis monkeys (Nasalis larvatus). These primates are one indicator in wetlands conservation, but now the status of proboscis monkeys is endangered which means wetlands are naturally also damaged. This makes The Indonesian Proboscis Monkey Friends Foundation worried about the preservation of these primates who are endangered in a side the number of foreign researchers who are interested in proboscis monkeys so it also weakens status proboscis monkeys as endemic animals.The Indonesian Proboscis Monkey Friends Foundation wants the proboscis monkey in South Kalimantan to become an identity in the area along with the wetland ecosystem which is the habitat of proboscis monkeys. Therefore a fundamental problem with the design of the Proboscis Monkey Research Station on Wetlands is how the design of the proboscis research station on wetlands is in harmony with natural conditions around it so that it can become the identity of the region. Settlement the problem was solved through the metabolism-organic method and the visual identity-metaphor method. The metabolism-organic method is the solution to the problem of harmony building with nature, while the visual identity-metaphor method is the solution in the matter of regional identity. Based on the two methods, the concept proposed for this design is the concept of "subject-object interaction" which is realized through the concept of "wetland ecology". This concept of "subject-object interaction and wetland ecology" is a concept that elevates interactions between researchers and wetland organisms such as proboscis monkeys by entering the wetland elements into the design of this research station.
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Melati, Aisyah, e Bani Noor Muchamad. "STASIUN RISET BEKANTAN PADA LAHAN BASAH". JURNAL TUGAS AKHIR MAHASISWA LANTING 10, n.º 1 (28 de fevereiro de 2021): 54–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jtamlanting.v10i1.625.
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Wetlands are a natural habitat for endemic animals of South Kalimantan, namely proboscis monkeys (Nasalis larvatus). These primates are one indicator in wetlands conservation, but now the status of proboscis monkeys is endangered which means wetlands are naturally also damaged. This makes The Indonesian Proboscis Monkey Friends Foundation worried about the preservation of these primates who are endangered in a side the number of foreign researchers who are interested in proboscis monkeys so it also weakens status proboscis monkeys as endemic animals.The Indonesian Proboscis Monkey Friends Foundation wants the proboscis monkey in South Kalimantan to become an identity in the area along with the wetland ecosystem which is the habitat of proboscis monkeys. Therefore a fundamental problem with the design of the Proboscis Monkey Research Station on Wetlands is how the design of the proboscis research station on wetlands is in harmony with natural conditions around it so that it can become the identity of the region. Settlement the problem was solved through the metabolism-organic method and the visual identity-metaphor method. The metabolism-organic method is the solution to the problem of harmony building with nature, while the visual identity-metaphor method is the solution in the matter of regional identity. Based on the two methods, the concept proposed for this design is the concept of "subject-object interaction" which is realized through the concept of "wetland ecology". This concept of "subject-object interaction and wetland ecology" is a concept that elevates interactions between researchers and wetland organisms such as proboscis monkeys by entering the wetland elements into the design of this research station.
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Braccia, A., e D. P. Batzer. "Breakdown and invertebrate colonization of dead wood in wetland, upland, and river habitats". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38, n.º 10 (outubro de 2008): 2697–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x08-113.
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Breakdown of woody debris in river and upland habitats as well as the interactions between wood and invertebrates have been well described. Studies of wood in wetlands are rare, and far less is known about breakdown and invertebrate use of wood in these transitional habitats. This study experimentally assessed breakdown and invertebrate colonization of wood in a floodplain wetland and directly related patterns in the wetland to adjacent river and upland habitats. Over a 2.7 year period, we monitored breakdown and invertebrate presence in 10 cm diameter × 150 cm long sweetgum ( Liquidambar styraciflua L.) logs in a floodplain wetland (n = 8), river (n = 5), and upland (n = 4) habitat. Mass loss, decay condition change, and C/N ratios of wetland wood more closely resembled upland than river wood. The overall invertebrate assemblage associated with wetland wood was also more similar to that associated with upland than river wood. Breakdown and invertebrate colonization of wood in the floodplain wetland shared more characteristics with upland than river wood, perhaps because of the seasonal nature of flooding in the wetland. However, the ecology of wood in wetlands also had unique characteristics compared with either the uplands or the river.
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Patil, S., e K. Choudaj. "The Importance of Artificial Wetlands in the Conservation of Wetland Birds and the Impact of Land Use Attributes Around the Wetlands: a Study from the Ajara Conservation Reserve, Western Ghats, India". zoodiversity 57, n.º 1 (2023): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/zoo2023.01.041.
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Artificial wetlands are built to meet the rising human population's water needs, with little attention paid to their ecological significance. The current study was carried out to assess the importance of artificial wetlands in biodiversity conservation. Habitat quality of wetlands was assessed using the birds as an ecological indicator. Bird surveys were carried out at the five artificial wetlands located in the Ajara conservation reserve, northern Western Ghats, India. Bird surveys were conducted for five years (2011–2015). During the study, 165 bird species were recorded, including 34 wetland birds and 131 wetland-associated birds. Wetlands in forested areas have a higher richness of wetland birds. Wetlands surrounded by exotic plantations, agriculture, and human settlements exhibit lower wetland bird richness than wetlands in forested areas. Land use attributes around the wetlands affect wetland bird diversity. The current study gives a glimpse that these artificial wetlands could serve as a possible habitat for wetland birds.
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Davidson, N. C., A. A. van Dam, C. M. Finlayson e R. J. McInnes. "Worth of wetlands: revised global monetary values of coastal and inland wetland ecosystem services". Marine and Freshwater Research 70, n.º 8 (2019): 1189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf18391.
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In this study, we have re-estimated the 2011 global monetary values of natural wetland ecosystem services using new information on the areas of different coastal and inland wetland classes, and included estimates for forested wetlands. The 2011 global monetary value of natural wetland ecosystem services is now estimated at Int$47.4 trillion per year, 43.5% of the value of all natural biomes. Despite forming only ~15% of global natural wetland area, coastal wetlands are estimated to deliver 43.1% (Int$20.4 trillion per year) of the total global ecosystem services monetary value of all natural wetland classes. There is a need to further refine these value estimates by factoring in other determinants of wetland ecosystem service monetary value, by disaggregating unit monetary values to each wetland class and by updating unit monetary values with more recent sources, especially for ecosystem services with no, or few, value estimates.
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Tangen, Brian A., e Mark T. Wiltermuth. "Prairie Pothole Region Wetlands and Subsurface Drainage Systems: Key Factors for Determining Drainage Setback Distances". Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 9, n.º 1 (22 de março de 2018): 274–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/092017-jfwm-076.
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Abstract Use of agricultural subsurface drainage systems in the Prairie Pothole Region of North America continues to increase, prompting concerns over potential negative effects to the Region's vital wetlands. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service protects a large number of wetlands through conservation easements that often utilize standard lateral setback distances to provide buffers between wetlands and drainage systems. Because of a lack of information pertaining to the efficacy of these setback distances for protecting wetlands, information is required to support the decision making for placement of subsurface drainage systems adjacent to wetlands. We used qualitative graphical analyses and data comparisons to identify characteristics of subsurface drainage systems and wetland catchments that could be considered when assessing setback distances. We also compared setback distances with catchment slope lengths to determine if they typically exclude drainage systems from the catchment. We demonstrated that depth of a subsurface drainage system is a key factor for determining drainage setback distances. Drainage systems located closer to the surface (shallow) typically could be associated with shorter lateral setback distances compared with deeper systems. Subsurface drainage systems would be allowed within a wetland's catchment for 44–59% of catchments associated with wetland conservation easements in North Dakota. More specifically, results suggest that drainage setback distances generally would exclude drainage systems from catchments of the smaller wetlands that typically have shorter slopes in the adjacent upland contributing area. For larger wetlands, however, considerable areas of the catchment would be vulnerable to drainage that may affect wetland hydrology. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service easements are associated with > 2,000 km2 of wetlands in North Dakota, demonstrating great potential to protect these systems from drainage depending on policies for installing subsurface drainage systems on these lands. The length of slope of individual catchments and depth of subsurface drainage systems could be considered when prescribing drainage setback distances and assessing potential effects to wetland hydrology. Moreover, because of uncertainties associated with the efficacy of standard drainage setback distances, exclusion of subsurface drainage systems from wetland catchments would be ideal when the goal is to protect wetlands.
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Davidson, Nick C. "How much wetland has the world lost? Long-term and recent trends in global wetland area". Marine and Freshwater Research 65, n.º 10 (2014): 934. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf14173.
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It has been frequently stated, but without provision of supporting evidence, that the world has lost 50% of its wetlands (or 50% since 1900 AD). This review of 189 reports of change in wetland area finds that the reported long-term loss of natural wetlands averages between 54–57% but loss may have been as high as 87% since 1700 AD. There has been a much (3.7 times) faster rate of wetland loss during the 20th and early 21st centuries, with a loss of 64–71% of wetlands since 1900 AD. Losses have been larger and faster for inland than coastal natural wetlands. Although the rate of wetland loss in Europe has slowed, and in North America has remained low since the 1980s, the rate has remained high in Asia, where large-scale and rapid conversion of coastal and inland natural wetlands is continuing. It is unclear whether the investment by national governments in the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands has influenced these rates of loss. There is a need to improve the knowledge of change in wetland areas worldwide, particularly for Africa, the Neotropics and Oceania, and to improve the consistency of data on change in wetland areas in published papers and reports.
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Bobika, V. K., Mohamed Dhaya El-Hak Khemis, R. Renila, K. Manjusha e K. M. Aarif. "Does Substrate Quality Influence Diversity and Habitat Use of Waterbirds?: A Case Study from Wetlands in Southern India". Ekológia (Bratislava) 40, n.º 1 (1 de março de 2021): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eko-2021-0009.
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Abstract Wetland acts as an important habitat that supports a massive diversity of organisms, especially waterbirds. We examined waterbird diversity and habitat use in relation to abiotic factors at Mavoor and Vazhakkad, two major wetlands in southwestern India. The study was carried out from 2015 December to 2016 November. A total of 50 species from Vazhakkad and 40 species from Mavoor wetlands were recorded; 12 species were exclusive to Vazhakkad and three to Mavoor. Among them, 16 species were winter visitors in Vazhakkad and nine in Mavoor. Highest diversity of waterbirds was observed in the agroecosystem of Vazhakkad. Physicochemical variables were recorded for the two wetlands, and their effect on waterbird richness, abundance and diversity were correlated. Multivariate analysis showed the variation in diversity between the two wetlands (MANOVA: Wilks’ λ = 0.933, F = 3.69, P = 0.006) and habitat wetland interaction (MANOVA: Wilks’ λ = 0.694, F = 10.25, P = 0.00). Nonlinear regression analyses were carried out between the evolution of the ecological index in the two wetlands separately. The present study could determine the effects of anthropogenic disturbances on wetland function from this study.
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Abdela, Umer, Abdurazak Oumer e Abdulkedir Ukule. "Degradation Status and Local Community Perception towards Kadar-Basaso Wetland in Sinana District of Bale Zone, South Eastern Ethiopia". International Journal of Ecology 2023 (8 de abril de 2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/5621969.
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Wetlands are valuable resources that provide a variety of functions for local populations, including environmental, hydrological, and socioeconomic benefits. Despite the importance of wetlands to humanity, they have been largely degraded and even lost in many countries including Ethiopia because they are wrongly regarded as wastelands. Some wetland conservation policies were designed not based on the perceptions of the people residing around the wetlands and lack of attention to communal areas. It is because of this gap that a quantitative analysis of physicochemical soil quality analysis and the local community’s perceptions was carried out with the overall goal of analyzing the degradation status of Kadar-Basaso wetland and community perceptions. A cross-sectional research approach was used with a purposeful soil sampling from/in 6 plots sized 50 m × 50 m and >100 m apart along two transect lines, and 200 household heads chosen randomly from three villages(Basaso, Shallo, and Nano Robe) bordering the wetland. Soil sampling, questionnaires, focus group discussion, and key informant interviews were used to collect data and then examined quantitatively and qualitatively. The result shows that the Kadar-Basaso wetland was moderately degraded. The physicochemical analysis of the soil reveals that the pH was acidic, indicating the presence of acidic waste effluents. In addition, the electric conductivity was salt-free, cation exchange capacity were found to be low, the organic matter was relatively low, potassium levels vary very little, and Phosphorous variation was minimal. Expansion of farmland and Overgrazing were the most damaging elements affecting wetland biodiversity. From the analysis, it was noted that communities’ attitudes influence human activities on the wetland. The study recommends that the government and wetland management authorities must establish strategies to minimize deterioration in the area and offer better infrastructure for both livestock keepers and farmers to improve the long-term usage of wetlands. The best management strategies should be devised for all sizes, types, and all site wetlands.
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Hogan, Jennifer N., Miles E. Daniels, Fred G. Watson, Patricia A. Conrad, Stori C. Oates, Melissa A. Miller, Dane Hardin et al. "Longitudinal Poisson Regression To Evaluate the Epidemiology of Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and Fecal Indicator Bacteria in Coastal California Wetlands". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, n.º 10 (16 de março de 2012): 3606–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00578-12.
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ABSTRACTFecal pathogen contamination of watersheds worldwide is increasingly recognized, and natural wetlands may have an important role in mitigating fecal pathogen pollution flowing downstream. Given that waterborne protozoa, such asCryptosporidiumandGiardia, are transported within surface waters, this study evaluated associations between fecal protozoa and various wetland-specific and environmental risk factors. This study focused on three distinct coastal California wetlands: (i) a tidally influenced slough bordered by urban and agricultural areas, (ii) a seasonal wetland adjacent to a dairy, and (iii) a constructed wetland that receives agricultural runoff. Wetland type, seasonality, rainfall, and various water quality parameters were evaluated using longitudinal Poisson regression to model effects on concentrations of protozoa and indicator bacteria (Escherichia coliand total coliform). Among wetland types, the dairy wetland exhibited the highest protozoal and bacterial concentrations, and despite significant reductions in microbe concentrations, the wetland could still be seen to influence water quality in the downstream tidal wetland. Additionally, recent rainfall events were associated with higher protozoal and bacterial counts in wetland water samples across all wetland types. Notably, detection ofE. coliconcentrations greater than a 400 most probable number (MPN) per 100 ml was associated with higherCryptosporidiumoocyst andGiardiacyst concentrations. These findings show that natural wetlands draining agricultural and livestock operation runoff into human-utilized waterways should be considered potential sources of pathogens and that wetlands can be instrumental in reducing pathogen loads to downstream waters.
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Gao, Yin, Lijuan Cui, Jianjun Liu, Wei Li e Yinru Lei. "China's coastal-wetland change analysis based on high-resolution remote sensing". Marine and Freshwater Research 71, n.º 9 (2020): 1161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf19062.
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Coastal wetlands not only have abundant biodiversity and high productivity, but they also play an irreplaceable and important role in regional ecosystems. Because of the complex structure and dynamic characteristics of coastal wetlands, it is difficult to observe the spatial changes of coastal wetlands on a large scale and improve data reliability. In this study, a spatially constrained manual-interpretation method based on nationwide high-resolution images in 2017 was adopted to extract China’s coastal wetland distribution, and, then, the second national wetland-survey data from 2011 were used as a baseline for change analysis. The results showed that under the influence of natural conditions and human activities, China’s coastal wetlands have decreased in distribution in the past 6 years. The situation of coastal wetland reclamation is critical, and the hotspot regions are mainly distributed in Bohai Bay, middle of Jiangsu province and Hangzhou Bay. Farming reclamation is another factor that occupies coastal wetlands in China, and main occupied wetlands are mudflats, shallow sea, tidal flats, intertidal salt marshes and estuarine waters. Tide is the main factor affecting extraction of wetlands, the spatially constrained method had a positive effect on wetland detection, and has potential to improve automatic algorithms of complex coastal wetlands.
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Maher, MT, e LW Braithwaite. "Patterns of waterbird use in wetlands of the Paroo, A river system of inland Australia." Rangeland Journal 14, n.º 2 (1992): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9920128.
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The significance of inland wetlands to Australian waterbirds has been overlooked until recently. One important area identified from regular aerial survey centres on the Paroo River in north-western New South Wales. Between April 1983 and December 1985, a period covering a major flood, waterbird populations were estimated on five wetland systems associated with the Paroo during 14 trips. Fifty- three waterbird species were recorded with the anatids, Anas gibberifrons and Malacorhynchus membranaceus, accounting for 75 per cent of total estimated populations. Most breeding events were observed in those wetlands dominated by Muehlenbeckia florulenta (lignum). Breeding accounted for shifts in waterbird populations between wetland systems. A model of waterbird usage of the five wetland systems in relation to a complete flood event is described. The importance for waterbird conservation of wetlands used for breeding and maintenance of populations between flood events, and threats to the integrity of these wetlands are discussed.
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DAS, NIRANJAN, e H. J. SYIEMLIEH. "Ecotourism in Wetland Ecology". Anatolia 20, n.º 2 (dezembro de 2009): 445–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2009.10518920.
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Hong-Bo, Shao, Cui Bao-Shan e Bai Jun-Hong. "Wetland Ecology in China". CLEAN - Soil, Air, Water 40, n.º 10 (outubro de 2012): 1011–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/clen.201270002.
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Fu, Aodi, Wenzheng Yu, Bashar Bashir, Xin Yao, Yawen Zhou, Jiwei Sun, Abdullah Alsalman e Karam Alsafadi. "Remotely Sensed Changes in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Wetland Ecosystems and Their Response to Drought". Sustainability 16, n.º 11 (2 de junho de 2024): 4738. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16114738.
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Wetland ecosystems in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau are pivotal for global ecology and regional sustainability. This study investigates the dynamic changes in wetland ecosystems within the Chaidamu Basin and their response to drought, aiming to foster sustainable wetland utilization in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. Using Landsat TM/ETM/OLI data on the Google Earth Engine platform, we employed a random forest (RF) method for annual long-term land cover classification. Standardized precipitation evapotranspiration indices (SPEI3, SPEI6, SPEI9, and SPEI12) on different time scales were used to assess meteorological drought conditions. We employed a Pearson correlation analysis to examine the relationship between wetland changes and various SPEI scales. The BFASAT method was used to evaluate the impact of SPEI12 trends on the wetlands, while a cross-wavelet analysis explored teleconnections between SPEI12 and atmospheric circulation factors. Our conclusion is as follows: The wetlands, including lake, glacier, and marsh wetlands, exhibited a noticeable increasing trend. Wetland expansion occurred during specific periods (1990–1997, 1998–2007, and 2008–2020), featuring extensive conversions between wetlands and other types, notably the conversion from other types to wetlands. Spatially, lake and marsh wetlands predominated in the low-latitude basin, while glacier wetlands were situated at higher altitudes. There were significant negative correlations between the SPEI at various scales and the total wetland area and types. SPEI12 displayed a decreasing trend with non-stationarity and distinct breakpoints in 1996, 2002, and 2011, indicating heightened drought severity. Atmospheric circulation indices (ENSO, NAO, PDO, AO, and WP) exhibited varying degrees of resonance with SPEI12, with NAO, PDO, AO, and WP demonstrating longer resonance times and pronounced responses. These findings underscore the significance of comprehending wetland changes and drought dynamics for effective ecological management in the Chaidamu Basin of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau.
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Strain, Gabriel F., Philip J. Turk, Jordan Helmick e James T. Anderson. "Amphibian reproductive success as a gauge of functional equivalency of created wetlands in the Central Appalachians". Wildlife Research 44, n.º 4 (2017): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr15177.
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Context Evaluating the adequacy of created wetlands to replace the functions of lost natural wetlands is important because wetland mitigation is a major tool used to offset wetland losses. However, measurements such as vegetative cover and presence of wildlife may not provide sufficient evidence that created wetlands are functioning properly. Thus, examining the ecology of wetland biota such as that of amphibians may be a more useful surrogate for function. Aims The objectives of this study were to compare the abundance of amphibian metamorphs and survival and growth of larval amphibians in created wetlands, relative to natural wetlands. Methods Amphibian metamorphs were trapped in created and natural wetlands during the spring (April–May) and summer (June–August) of 2009 and 2010, and 165 green frog (Lithobates clamitans) larvae were raised during the spring of 2010 in laboratory aquaria containing water from created or natural wetlands. Key results Abundance of spring peeper (Pseudacris crucifer) metamorphs decreased significantly from 2009 to 2010 and abundance of green frog metamorphs increased with habitat complexity, but both were unaffected by wetland type. Detection probability of metamorphs of both species was low, increased with water temperature and declined with month of observation. Survival, growth curves and mass were similar among green frog larvae raised in created and natural wetland aquaria. Conclusions Our results suggest that the created and natural wetlands we examined function similarly with respect to providing adequate breeding habitat for green frogs and spring peepers. Implications Wetlands created to offset the loss of natural wetlands, although generally not designed for the purpose of wildlife habitat, can function as adequate breeding habitat for generalist amphibians such as green frogs and spring peepers.
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Batzer, Darold P., e Haitao Wu. "Ecology of Terrestrial Arthropods in Freshwater Wetlands". Annual Review of Entomology 65, n.º 1 (7 de janeiro de 2020): 101–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-011019-024902.
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The terrestrial arthropod fauna of wetlands has been largely ignored by scientists compared to other ecological elements, yet these organisms are among the most important influences on the ecology of these systems, with the vast majority of the biodiversity in wetlands found among the terrestrial arthropods. Wetlands present a range of habitat for terrestrial arthropods, with unique faunas being associated with soils and ground litter, living-plant substrates, and peatlands. Myriapoda, Araneae, Collembola, Carabidae, Formicidae, and assorted herbivorous Coleoptera and Lepidoptera are the terrestrial arthropod groups that most influence the ecology of wetlands. Despite their success, most terrestrial arthropods possess fairly rudimentary adaptations for life in wetlands, with most simply moving to higher ground or up vegetation during floods, although some species can tolerate immersion. Many terrestrial arthropods are environmentally sensitive and show considerable promise as bioindicators of wetland ecological conditions.
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Maltby, Edward. "The Wetlands Paradigm Shift in Response to Changing Societal Priorities: A Reflective Review". Land 11, n.º 9 (9 de setembro de 2022): 1526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11091526.
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This paper reviews some of the key influences that wetlands have had on the development of human society together with the history of wetland use, conservation and management in the context of changing human interactions from prehistoric to modern times. It documents the origins of the Ramsar Convention and the changes in the criteria for defining wetlands of international importance from an emphasis on migratory birds to those of wider functional importance contributing to community well-being. This led to a significant increase in the number of signatories from developing countries The change in scientific emphasis from ecology to ecosystems (and ecosystem services) is identified as a key element of the wetland paradigm shift, which has occurred in the last half century and renewed the recognition of the importance of the natural capital of wetlands. It represents a change in research agenda from what wetlands are to what wetlands do. Modification of the Ramsar wise use concept is documented, and evolution of wetland assessment methods is traced in relation to policy development and the need for a strong science evidence base to improve decision-making connected with wetland conservation and management. The author also addresses the significance of wetland economic valuation and biodiversity issues, transboundary water management with particular reference to the marshlands of Mesopotamia (southern Iraq), conflict, and human livelihood issues. Examples are given of the drive towards wetland restoration in different countries, and at different scales, with awareness of the extraordinarily high costs associated with major schemes such as the Florida Everglades which may prohibit replication in other parts of the world. Adoption of the Ecosystem Approach and the “Wholescapes” concept are seen as important in the future management of wetland ecosystems. The wide-ranging interactions within the structure of a new wetland paradigm are summarized diagrammatically. An examination of current societal priorities and challenges resulting from the nexus of issues arising from food production, energy, water, and environmental change and health suggests both significant threats to wetlands, but also some opportunities for these ecosystems to play a part in sustainable solutions contributing to human well-being. The paper concludes with an endorsement of a new World Charter for wetlands but emphasizes the vital importance of partnership working and the key engagement of local communities to make any new initiative for enhanced protection and management of wetlands to work on the ground. Key challenges facing wetland science are identified, but it is the realization that healthy wetland ecosystems are a significant contributor to human and societal well-being that underpins the paradigm shift in research, management and policy needs.
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Halse, SA, MR Williams, RP Jaensch e JAK Lane. "Wetland characteristics and waterbird use of wetlands in south-western Australia". Wildlife Research 20, n.º 1 (1993): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9930103.
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The presence or absence of 61 waterbird species on 95 wetlands in south-western Australia was related to six wetland characteristics: salinity, emergent vegetation, water depth, pH, phosphorus level and wetland size. More species were associated with salinity and vegetation than with other wetland characteristics. There were more positive associations with brackish than with fresh or saline wetlands and few species occurred in hypersaline wetlands. Trees or shrubs and sedges were the vegetation with which most species were associated; few species were recorded on completely open wetlands or those with only samphire. The 95 wetlands were classified into five groups on the basis of waterbird use. All wetland characteristics differed between groups but larger differences occurred in salinity, vegetation and water depth. The wetland group that supported most species also supported the highest numbers of waterbirds and most breeding species.
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Dangol, Dharma Raj, e Subodh Khanal. "Status of "Wetland ecology" education and research at the Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science of the Tribhuvan University, Nepal". Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 3, n.º 1 (1 de dezembro de 2013): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v3i1.41451.
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Wetlands are considered as the most productive ecosystems and cradles of biodiversity harboring a wide variety of flora and fauna. They maintain and provide a variety of environmental services to the human beings including fish and wildlife habitats, flood protection, erosion control and water quality maintenance (Tiner, 1989). Despite their value, wetlands have suffered from widespread destruction due to misuses and abuses (CP, 2005). Wetlands are threatened by population growth, increased exploitation of biological resources, timber harvest, pollution of various forms, development activities and other forms of mis-management (Kerr et al., 2002). So, wetlands need to be preserved and utilized wisely for the livelihood enhancement. To implement this task, countries need a sufficient number of experts and technical staff who are qualified and enthusiastic to work in the field of wetland conservation. So, the role of universities become crucial to launch academic programs for producing man power that can understand wetland ecology and their services and influence and make policy for wetland conservation and management. Because of their widespread distribution and biological, chemical, and physical complexity, wetlands are excellent “living laboratories” for teaching (Baldwin, 2007).
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King, Susan K., e Stephen C. Richter. "Reproductive Ecology and Nesting Site Characteristics of Four-Toed Salamanders (Hemidactylium scutatum) in Natural and Constructed Upland-Embedded Wetlands on the Appalachian Plateau, Kentucky". Diversity 14, n.º 11 (18 de novembro de 2022): 995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14110995.
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Many forested freshwater wetlands have been altered or destroyed, and wetlands are constructed to offset loss. However, they do not always replace the function of natural wetlands. It is important to understand how features of the habitat differ between types of wetlands and whether constructed wetlands provide an adequate habitat for species adapted to natural wetlands. Our objectives were to measure the characteristics of Four-toed Salamanders’ nesting habitat and determine which factors contribute to the abundance of eggs and nests in natural and constructed upland-embedded wetlands within a ridgetop ecosystem in eastern Kentucky. We located and examined characteristics for 207 nests in twelve wetlands and measured variables at the nest level and at the wetland level. The best predictor of the number of eggs and number of nests was amount of moss at the wetland. These measures of reproductive effort were similar between types of wetlands, but the number of eggs per nest was higher in constructed wetlands and inversely related to amount of moss, highlighting a deficit in nesting habitat. Research of embryonic and larval survival is needed but based on data from other amphibian species in this system, we predict that the survival of Four-toed Salamanders’ larvae is low in constructed wetlands with permanent hydrology. Restoration of constructed wetlands should address the need for moss as nesting substrate and drying of the wetland to reduce the abundance and diversity of predators of larvae.
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Song, Jufang, Ruidong Zhang, Yiran Wang e Jingnan Huang. "Evolution Characteristics of Wetland Landscape Pattern and Its Impact on Carbon Sequestration in Wuhan from 2000 to 2020". Land 12, n.º 3 (28 de fevereiro de 2023): 582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12030582.
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The wetland ecosystem is an important organic carbon pool on earth, and rich carbon storage and high carbon density are present in wetland vegetation and soil. However, large areas of wetlands have been drained, the area of wetlands has shrunk, and the degree of fragmentation has intensified due to rapid urbanization in the past 20 years. Enhancing ecological carbon sequestration capacity is a key task of carbon peaking and neutrality, and studying the carbon sequestration function of urban wetland is urgently needed. In this work, the wetland in Wuhan was taken as the main research object. The landscape pattern index of Wuhan wetland was calculated and the evolution characteristics of landscape pattern were analyzed using the remote sensing image interpretation data from 2000 to 2020. CASA model was used to estimate the carbon sequestration of wetlands and explore the spatial and temporal distribution pattern of carbon sequestration. Spearman correlation was used to study the effects of different landscape pattern parameters on carbon sequestration. Results indicate the following: (1) From 2000 to 2020, the total wetland area in Wuhan has been reduced by 158.99 km2, among which the area of lakes, reservoirs and marshes decreased by 60.65 km2, 55.51 km2 and 41.77 km2, respectively. The density of wetland patches and the degree of fragmentation and irregularity increased, and the LPI, aggregation degree and diversity decreased. (2) In the past 20 years, the total carbon sequestration amount of wetland in Wuhan first decreased and then increased, among which the carbon sequestration in wetland was the lowest in 2010 (571,900 t). The amount of carbon sequestration in 2020 was the same as that in 2000, reaching 800,000 t. (3) A larger wetland area means more concentrated and denser distribution, more complex shape, more diverse type, and stronger carbon sequestration capacity for Wuhan wetland. On the contrary, the distribution of wetlands becomes more fragmented and regular, and the disordered planning leads to the reduction in wetland types in a unit area, which will decrease the carbon sink capacity of urban wetlands.
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Benson, Catherine E., Brendan Carberry e Tom A. Langen. "Public–Private Partnership Wetland Restorations Provide Quality Forage for Waterfowl in Northern New York". Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 10, n.º 2 (1 de julho de 2019): 323–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/092018-jfwm-080.
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Abstract The Partners for Fish and Wildlife Program and Wetlands Reserve Program are U.S. federal programs that provide financial and technical assistance to restore wetland habitats on private property, and are important tools for the conservation and management of waterfowl. This study examined whether these wetland restorations successfully restored one important component of waterfowl habitat, the availability of vegetative forage, at sites in the St. Lawrence River valley of New York. We conducted surveys at 47 restored and 18 reference wetlands to characterize the vegetation assemblage in terms of its value as forage for waterfowl. Results suggest that these public–private partnership wetland restorations develop assemblages of wetland vegetation that are similar to reference wetlands. Vegetation assemblage metrics, including estimates of species richness, the richness of species of food value, the Vegetative Forage Quality Index, and the cover of species of food value, did not differ between restored–reference wetland pairs. However, invasive species were common at sites, and we detected a negative association between the cover of invasive species and the Vegetative Forage Quality Index at both restored and reference wetlands. On the basis of these results, we conclude that Partners for Fish and Wildlife Program and Wetland Reserve Program wetland restorations provide quality forage for breeding and migratory waterfowl in this region, but that the presence of invasive vegetation at sites has the potential to decrease the quality of vegetative forage at sites over time.
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Sun, Qiong, Xiaofang Wang e Li Wang. "Ecological impact of watershed water pollution control on coastal tourist scenic spots". International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies 15, n.º 1 (28 de novembro de 2019): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/ctz060.
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Abstract In recent years, the rapid development of coastal areas has polluted the watershed water, affecting the ecological environment of wetland scenic spots. This paper briefly introduced the constructed wetland, a means of watershed water pollution control, and briefly explained its mechanism of water pollution control. Then, an example of Yancheng Coastal Wetland Natural Reserve in Jiangsu Province was analyzed to analyze water quality ecological changes in the basin before and after the construction of constructed wetland. The results showed that the basin of the natural reserve changed from acidic to alkaline, and ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand decreased significantly and maintained at a relatively low level after the constructed wetland controlled the water pollution in the basin; subsurface constructed wetland had a better effect on reducing ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus; surface constructed wetland had a better effect on reducing chemical oxygen demand. In conclusion, constructed wetlands as a means of water pollution control in the watershed can effectively improve the water quality ecology of coastal wetland natural reserves.
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Li, Yangli, Gaoyuan Wang, Tian Chen, Rui Zhang, Long Zhou e Li Yan. "Nature-Based Solutions in “Forest–Wetland” Spatial Planning Strategies to Promote Sustainable City Development in Tianjin, China". Land 11, n.º 8 (3 de agosto de 2022): 1227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11081227.
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Nature-based solutions are some of the most effective strategies to promote sustainable city development; however, existing research on NbS is mostly comprised of single variable studies rather than multiple variables. The purpose of this study was to explore the possibility of extending the NbS of a single variable to two variables for the better development of sustainable cities. Both forestation and wetland restoration are regarded as NbS for sustainable city development. The research approach of “forest–wetland” NbS was proposed and centers on the process and core issues of traditional NbS. Taking Tianjin as an example, the spatial patterns of forests and wetlands, correlation between the spatial distribution of forests and wetlands, and spatial correlation between the areas of forest growth and wetland growth within a certain distance in different years were studied using a spatial distribution pattern analysis, geographic concentration analysis, kernel density estimation and spatial autocorrelation analysis. Based on the core issues of NbS and the above spatial analysis, a “forest–wetland” spatial planning strategy was formulated. The main conclusions are as follows: forest and wetland were negatively correlated in the whole area of Tianjin, forest resources w mainly located in north, while wetland resources were mainly located in south. Compared with forests, the spatial distribution of wetlands in Tianjin was more balanced. There exist synergy and trade-offs between forest and wetland area under certain circumstances. Growth of forests was positively correlated with the growth of wetlands, within a distance of 0–400 m from 2000 to 2010, and within a distance of 0–600 m from 2010 to 2020. An increase in forest area will lead to an increase in evaporation, which in turn will hinder the growth of wetlands in Tianjin. Forest–wetland ecological network could promote synergistic between forest and wetland, and grey infrastructure to reduce potential trade-off between forest and wetland.
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Zhang, Jie, Shuqing An e Xin Leng. "Status of wetland research in China". Marine and Freshwater Research 71, n.º 12 (2020): 1572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf20103.
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This study used a bibliometric approach to quantitatively evaluate the status of wetland research in China using detailed information from 31794 articles retrieved from the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) database and published from 1999 to 2019. We outline the progress of wetland research in China in terms of the number of articles published, active research institutions, funding provided, research directions, dynamic changes in the focus of the research and development trends. By analysing high-frequency keywords, we conclude that there are four focus areas of wetlands research in China: (1) climate change; (2) wetland pollution; (3) wetland plants and microorganisms; and (4) the conservation and management of wetlands. By combining focus area and high-citation analysis, we show that carbon storage and organic carbon mineralisation, biological remediation, constructed wetlands for the treatment of waste water and the sustainable use of ecological services are currently the most notable research areas, with a marked increase since 2009. These topics are in line with the focus of research globally over the past 6 years and are likely to become a primary research focus in future. The results of this study provide a useful theoretical basis and directions for further research in the sustainable development of wetland resources in China.
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Li, Heying, Jiayao Wang, Jianchen Zhang, Fen Qin, Jiyuan Hu e Zheng Zhou. "Analysis of Characteristics and Driving Factors of Wetland Landscape Pattern Change in Henan Province from 1980 to 2015". Land 10, n.º 6 (27 de maio de 2021): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10060564.
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The study of the temporal and spatial evolution of wetland landscapes and its driving factors is an important reference for wetland ecological restoration and protection. This article utilized seven periods of land use data in Henan Province from 1980 to 2015 to extract the spatial distribution characteristics of wetlands and analyze the temporal and spatial changes of wetlands in Henan Province. Transfer matrix, landscape metrics, correlation analysis, and redundancy analysis were applied to calculate and analyze the transformation types and area of wetland resources between all consecutive periods, and then the main driving factors of wetland expansion/contraction were explored. First, the total wetland area in Henan Province increased by 28% from 1980 to 2015, and the increased wetland area was mainly constructed wetlands, including paddy field, reservoir and pond, and canal. Natural wetlands such as marsh, lake, and floodplain decreased by 74%. Marsh area declined the most during 1990–1995, and was mainly transformed into floodplain and “Others” because of agricultural reclamation, low precipitation, and low Yellow River runoff. The floodplain area dropped the most from 2005 to 2010, mainly converted to canals and “Others” because of reclamation, exploitation of groundwater, the construction of the South–to–North Water Transfer Project, and recreational land development. Second, the results of correlation analysis and redundancy analysis indicated that economic factors were positively correlated with the area of some constructed wetlands and negatively correlated with the area of some natural wetlands. Socioeconomic development was the main driving factors for changes in wetland types. The proportion of wetland habitat in Henan Province in 2015 was only 0.3%, which is low compared to the Chinese average of 2.7%. The government should pay more attention to the restoration of natural wetlands in Henan Province.
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Xie, Siying, Dandan Yan, Jingtai Li, Yao Liu, Yufeng Sheng e Zhaoqing Luan. "GEE-Based Spatial-Temporal Dynamics in a Ramsar Wetland, Honghe National Nature Reserve, Northeast China from 1985 to 2021". Land 11, n.º 12 (27 de novembro de 2022): 2137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11122137.
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Wetlands are vital to the human living environment, and with the degradation of wetland ecosystems, it is crucial to protect and restore them. Therefore, based on the long time-series Landsat images provided by Google Earth Engine (GEE), this study obtained the landscape spatial distribution maps of the Honghe National Nature Reserve (HNNR) from 1985 to 2021, analysed the spatial and temporal dynamics of the landscape patterns of the HNNR in the past 40 years, and explored the driving factors of the evolution of the HNNR wetland. The results show that from 1985 to 2008, the HNNR wetlands continued to degrade. The area of the wetland landscape declines and converts mainly into the meadow landscape, and the meadow landscape trends upwards and then downwards and converts mainly into woodland and arable land, with increased fragmentation of wetland and meadow. From 2008 to 2021, with the recovery in hydrological conditions, the area of the wetland landscape increased and fragmentation decreased. However, the meadow landscape continued to decline and fragmentation increased, with meadow converting mainly into wetland; changes in hydrological conditions were the main drivers of the evolution of the HNNR wetlands. The results of this study enable us to better understand the dynamics of the HNNR wetland landscape over the last 40 years and provide assistance for the management of the HNNR wetland ecosystems and the ecological restoration of degraded wetlands.
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Qin, Tian-Jian, Yu-Ting Guan, Ming-Xiang Zhang, Hong-Li Li e Fei-Hai Yu. "Sediment type and nitrogen deposition affect the relationship between Alternanthera philoxeroides and experimental wetland plant communities". Marine and Freshwater Research 69, n.º 5 (2018): 811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf17335.
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Wetlands have been demonstrated to be susceptible to invasions. Nutrient availability of wetland sediment is strongly affected by both sediment type and nitrogen deposition. We performed a greenhouse experiment to investigate the main effects and interactions between the presence of Alternanthera philoxeroides, sediment type and nitrogen deposition on biomass and evenness of experimental wetland plant communities. We established two types of plant communities, specifically wetland plant communities without and with A. philoxeroides, in two different sediment types crossed with two nitrogen deposition treatments. Experimental wetland plant communities consisted of four native or naturalised wetland species. Sediment type and nitrogen deposition significantly promoted A. philoxeroides growth. At the community level, the presence of A. philoxeroides decreased the total biomass of wetland plant species and increased community evenness, whereas sediment type significantly decreased evenness. At the species level, the presence of A. philoxeroides significantly decreased total biomass of Iris wilsonii and increased total biomass of Pontederia cordata. However, the interaction between invasion and nitrogen deposition significantly increased total biomass of Butomus umbellatus. These findings suggest that both sediment type and nitrogen deposition promote A. philoxeroides growth and exacerbate A. philoxeroides invasion into wetland plant communities. However, the presence of A. philoxeroides can increase the evenness of the wetland plant communities at a small scale by suppressing dominant species. The findings of the present study provide insights into the management of A. philoxeroides in wetlands.
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Xu, Xia. "Dynamic Variation Analysis on Tibetan Lake Wetlands Based on RS". Advanced Materials Research 779-780 (setembro de 2013): 1246–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.779-780.1246.
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The wetlands of Tibet plateau have typical characteristics of highest elevation, largest area and most concentrated distribution. Tibetan Plateau Lake Group is one of the main five lake groups in China. TM images of 2000 and 2010 are analyzed by ERDAS and ARCGIS. And Landscape Ecology theory is applied to analyze the spatial and dynamic characteristics of Tibetan lake wetlands. The results show: there are 66643 lakes in 2000 and 54655 lakes in 2010, which means there have disappeared 11988 lakes. Xigaze and Lhokas lakes patches presented decrease trend. The lake wetland of Nagri has increased 3.32%.The lake wetland of Lhoka and Xigaze has decreased 7.37% and 3.52%. MPS, MPE, PSCov and PSSD indexes can reflect the lake wetland dynamic changes than other indexes. Tibetan Plateau is very sensitive to global cliamte change, espectially in Nagqu.