Artigos de revistas sobre o tema "Wen yuan ge (China)"

The article is devoted to the study of the Song of the Great Dao of the Spiritualized Source (Ling yuan da dao ge). This is a work on Daoist “inner alchemy”, which describes the process of transforming the spirit and the breath in poetic form. The author of Ling yuan da dao ge was the Daoist nun and poetess Cao Wen-yi (1039–1115). Cao Wen-yi is the only woman-philosopher who wrote a commentary on the Dao De jing, which has survived to this day in the Daoist Canon (Dao zang). Her talents were highly appreciated by Emperor Huizong, who granted her the title “Excellent in Literary Talent” (Wen-yi zhen-ren). The goal of the study is to highlight the most important ideological and theoretical components of the Song of the Great Dao of the Spiritualized Source. As a result of the study, the cultural and historical environment of this work was reconstructed, its earlier list written in prose was identified, the dating of the full version of Ling yuan da dao ge was clarified, and its content features were revealed. The main task of the Song of the Great Dao of the Spiritualized Source is to explain the principle of simultaneous improvement of inner nature and vitality (xing ming shuang xiu). This principle became the main vector of development of Daoist psychophysiological methods, starting from the Song era. Improving the inner nature, according to Cao Wen-yi, is achieved by detaching the heart from feelings and desires. This state is called “no heart” (wu xin) and is the “true heart of the Dao”. Improving vitality is achieved through breathing exercises, which should be based on the principles of suchness (zi ran) and non-action (wu wei).

All his life, Gu Zhi was interested in the literature research of Han, Wei and six Dynasties, especially focusing on the annotated Wei and Jin poems. His imagination and interpretation of Wei Jin is centered on Wei Jin poetry notes, including Wei Jin poetry notes as evidence, poetry creation as dictionaries, and business interests as righteous people. The academic path embodied in the poetry of Guzhi Wei and Jin With the characteristics of traditional scripture “commenting on scripture and making notes”, academic resources are immersed in the essence of classical scripture and history under the system of classical scripture and history, and academic vision hovers under the overall style of integrating the old and the new. Further expanding this Wei-Jin poetry activity will touch the Wei-Jin complex that is fashionable among the Republic of China. Gu Zhi (1885-1959), character Gongyu, trumpet layer ice, Yuan, Zhengfu, Gusheng.Pangxi, Longwen Township, Mei County, Guangdong villagers. His life is scattered in many literary and historical materials, and his son Gu Chengye’s “Outline of the Genealogy of Gu Zhi Nian” is the most detailed record of his life process. Gu Zhi was born into a poor family and lived in poverty at an early age, but according to his early wisdom, he studied his own. At the age of 16, he went to Xingning to learn from Mr. Luo Yiyun, a suru who was “very good to Mr. Luo”, and saw Mr. Luo’s collection of books such as “Zhaoming Wenxuan” and “Zizhi Tongjian”, especially “Wenxuan”, which laid the foundation for later intensive study of the literature of the Six Dynasties of Han and Wei. In 1906, he joined the “Chinese League Association” and since then has followed Dr. Sun Yat-sen to actively carry out democratic revolutionary activities. In November 1911, Gu Zhi, Zhong Dong and others organized an uprising in Meicheng and recovered Meixian in one fell swoop. In the following ten years, Gu Zhi was engaged in revolutionary propaganda and government affairs, and vigorously established schools. In 1921, he went to Lushan Jiangxi Province in February to build a grass house, named “Ge Taozhai”, and leisurely had the intention of returning to seclusion. During this period, he wrote three volumes of “Wang Rongfu Wenji”, one volume of “Zhuge Wuhou Annals”, four volumes of “Tao Jingjie Poems”, and one volume of “Tao Jingjie Poems and Notes”, together with other poetry works, collected into twelve volumes of “Wuwen Collection”. The book of seclusion, which is becoming more and more mature academically. During the Great Revolution, he was employed as a professor at Guangdong University. In 1926, Guangdong University changed its name for Sun Yat-sen University. In 1928, he was invited by Sun Yat-sen University to return to the university to preside over the Chinese department, where he remained until 1938. During this period, he wrote “Cao ZiJian poetry Notes” “Ruan Si Zong Yong Huai Poetry Notes” “Five Types of Layer Ice Hall”. After the fall of Guangzhou in 1938, Gu Zhi returned to his hometown, resumed Meinan Middle School, served as the principal, created the Meinan Literature Museum, publicized the War of Resistance, and covered the revolutionary activities of the Communist Party. After the liberation of Guangzhou, he was first employed as a counselor of the provincial counsellor’s office, and later became a librarian of the provincial museum of culture and history and a member of the provincial CPPCC. After that, Gu Zhi enthusiastically praised the construction of New China, wrote “Liberation of Poetry Banknotes”, and prepared to rearrange the old works. He died of illness in Guangzhou in 1959 at the age of 74. From the 20s to the 50s of the 20th century, Gu Zhi lasted for more than thirty years, focusing on Wei and Jin poetry notes, and worked hard. Gu Zhi’s notes on Wei and Jin poetry mainly focus on the poems of Cao Zijian, Ruan Zhi and Tao Yuanming, especially the comprehensive study of Tao Yuanming, which can be said to have exhausted his life’s energy.

AbstractBased on a special issue entitled “Newly Excavated Texts in the Digital Age,” volume 21.2 (June 2011) of the Newsletter of the Institute of Chinese Literature and Philosophy, Academia Sinica (Zhongyang yanjiu yuan Zhongguo wen zhe yanjiu suo tongxun 中央研究院中國文哲研究所通訊), this article reflects on the various digital resources now being developed at institutions in China, Hong Kong, Taiwan and elsewhere, looking, in turn, at topics related to the graphic form of characters, the relation between character and word, and the question of context. In addition, the article considers the web forum, a platform of research and discussion that is increasingly becoming a part of scholarly exchange.

After the Yuan Army invaded the Central Plain at the end of the Song Dynasty, the Song Empire was broken. Faced with the atmosphere and historical background of the national crisis, the Song scholar-official class generally set up a moral standard and value system of "taking the world as their own duty", regarded loyalty to the country and the emperor as the most righteous path, and made a political choice to consciously transform their identity from scholar-officials to military generals who would save the country from being battered. At the same time, patriotic climax and expression of personality became an inseparable unity. Take Wen tianxiang for example, their loyalty to the Song emperor and patriotism was highly unified with their personality, it has been widely praised by future generations. The outstanding scholars’ writings made a patriotic literature climax at the end of the Song Dynasty. It not only reflected the profound influence of neo-confucianism on the personality construction of the scholar-officials and literary intelligentsia in the Song Dynasty, but also accorded with the orthodox literary thought in the Late Song Dynasty. In their patriotic writings, their noble national integrity of serving the country with death, coupled with their superb talent and creative skills, endowed their works with the epic temperament of shining through the ages. Therefore, the Song scholar-officials’ patriotic writing made the Song Dynasty a highlight moment of patriotic writing in the history of Chinese literature.

Though it would be almost impossible to trace who first applied the term ‘Avant-Garde fiction’ (Xianfeng Xiaoshuo ) to a recent trend in Chinese fiction since 1985, it is an appropriate name in many respects. All the previous schools of fiction in modern China—Wound fiction (Shangheng Xiaoshuo ), Reform fiction (Gaige Xiaoshuo ), Re-thinking fiction (Fansi Xiaowen ), or Roots-Seeking fiction (Xungen Xiaoshuo )—received their names after their respective subject matters. The naming of Avant-Garde fiction itself seems to indicate that Chinese fiction has grown out of its thematic age to enter a new phase of life beyond themes.The earliest authors of Chinese Avant-Garde fiction—Can Xue , Ma Yuan , Hong Feng , Zhaxi Dawa , Mo Yan and others—are all based in remote areas far from the centres of modern Chinese civilization. This led some critics to the conclusion that literary modernity was at odds with modern urbanized culture. Hardly had such an argument been put forward when, towards the end of 1987, there appeared a new group of Avant-Garde writers—Su Tong with The escape of 1934 (Yijiu sansi nian de taowang— :), Sun Ganlu with The letter from the postman (Xinshi zhi han Ge Fei with The lost boat (Mizhou) and Yu Hua with One kind of reality (Xianshi yizhong)— all of them based in the Yangtze Delta, the most prosperous area of modern China. This would suggest, at least, that Chinese avant-gardism is not entirely dependent on economic-geographical conditions.

"My Motherland and I" is a film by Chen Kaige as the chief director, Huang Jiaxin as the chief producer, Zhang Yibai, Guan Hu, Xue Xiaolu, Xu Zheng, Ning Hao, Wen Muye co-directed, Huang Bo, Zhang Yi, Wu Jing, Du Jiang, Ge You, Liu Haoran, Chen Feiyu, Song Jia and other people co-starring in a drama film. The film depicts the experiences of seven ordinary people who are closely connected with major national events, and through the perspectives of small characters, shows the deep connection between ordinary people and the country in the 70 years since the founding of New China. Since the film itself was made to celebrate the 70th anniversary of the founding of New China, it is of great research value. This paper aims to study two questions: one is to study the professional narrative strategies used in the film; The second is to sum up the educational significance and moral value of the film. Therefore, this thesis starts from the narrative strategy and moral value of the film, analyzes the content of the film "My Country and I", and explores the far-reaching value expressed by the whole film.

Abstract Contributing to the ongoing debate on decentering science, technology, and society (STS) from Western contexts, this article elaborates on and reconsiders Wen-yuan Lin and John Law’s proposal for correlative STS (“A Correlative STS” 2014). Like them, we empirically draw on Chinese medicine (CM) and its relation to biomedicine, but we explore the modes by which CM was enacted in the historical, political, and sociomaterial settings of socialist and postsocialist Central Europe. We show that not only specific correlations but also correlativity itself—as the ontological stance of the actors—are situated and can shift. Our argument regarding STS is twofold. First, while Lin and Law argue that STS needs to develop an appropriate mode of betrayal when translating across ontological differences from a source language to a destination language (Western analytics), we show that in our case an ethnographer cannot find any single source language. Consequently, we argue that STS should study actors’ modes and moves of betrayal and their doing ontology as an open process. Second, unlike Lin and Law, who postulate the Chinese mode of international as “subtle” and “minimalist” and an alternative to the Western mode (Lin and Law 2013), we argue that with the rise of China and the changing world political economy, STS needs to be more attentive to dominating expansions that come from non-Western locations as much as from the West.

The wave force dose not considered at the formula of mooring ship cable force in the Load Code for Harbor Engineering[JTJ215-98]. This brought the inconvenience to the calculation of designed cable force for mooring ship. By means of analysis for the laboratory model test result of mooring ship cable force under wave effect, Wave force formula of mooring ship under wave effect was gained. This formula well reflected the influence of ship size, ship load , ship rolling period, ship pitch period, wave period and wave height. The formula can be used in the calculation of standard value of mooring ship cable force under the wave effection, also it can be used to instruct the wave model test for mooring ship. References Zhang Ri-xiang. Liu Zhong-bo. Zhang Ning-chuan. 2003 .An Experimental Study on the Mooring Line Forces & Impact Forces of a Moored Ship Under the Combined Action of Wind,Wave and Current [J].,China offshore Platform, (01).15-18. Li Yan. Zheng Bao-you.Gao Feng. Meng Xiang-wei.2007.Model test study on the impact forces and mooring line forces of a moored ship under the combined action of wave and current [J].;The Ocean Engineering, (02).57-63. Ministry of transport of the People's Republic of China(1998).The Load Code for Harbor Engineering(JTJ215-98). [S]. Jiang Qing. Ge Hong-zheng.Xie Peng.2007.Influence of Ship's Type and Tonnage on the Ship's Mooring Force [J]. Port & Waterway Engineering, (09).51-59. Wu Xiuhuan. 1999.Ship and maneuverability and seakeeping [M]. Ministry of transport of the People's Republic of China. p220. Zhang Wen-zhong. Etc.(2006): Model test of Mooring LNG ship at Jiangsu Provence, Tianjin Port Engineering Institute Ltd. of CCCC.

The article is devoted to the problem of polysemy in the Chinese language as one of the ways to expand the meanings of the written text. Polysemy as an integral part of any language is also widespread in Chinese. Characters become ambiguous under the influence of cultural, social, historical factors, due to metaphorical and metonymic transfer, etc. The situation with ambiguity in the Chinese language is further aggravated by the fact that the meaning of a syllable (written by a certain character) can be expanded not only due to the acquisition of new vocabulary meanings, but also new grammatical forms, since almost any syllable in the Chinese language can become both a noun, a verb, an adjective, a particle, etc. Chinese philologists were engaged in the interpretation of various meanings of hieroglyphs as far back as the pre-Qing era, this work does not stop to this day. The second part of the article provides an example of the polysemy of the character 道dào in modern dictionaries as a result of the expansion of the original meanings indicated in the etymological dictionaries of Sho Wen Jie Zi and Zi Yuan. The third part of the article provides concrete examples of the use of polysemic words by native speakers of the Chinese language in order to create nonlinear multidimensional texts. Examples of such texts are selected from ancient poems as well as from the couplets of duilian, such folklore phenomena as riddles, anecdotes, as well as examples of the creativity of modern Internet users (memes). Thus, the article shows that this technique is historically rooted in the written culture of China, which means that when reading texts in Chinese, it is necessary to consider not only historical, cultural, etc. realities and connotations, but also all derivative senses of words used in the text to identify additional senses in the text.

Tayi tunnel is one of the component tunnels in the Jian-Ge-Yuan Highway Project located in Yunnan Province, southeast of China. It mainly passes through talus-like formations comprised of rock blocks of diverse sizes and weak interlayers with clayey soils with different fractions. Such a special composition leads to the loose and fractured structure of talus-like formations, which is highly sensitive to the excavation perturbation. Therefore, Tayi tunnel has become the controlled pot of the whole highway project as the construction speed has to be slowed down to reduce the deformation of surrounding talus-like rock mass. To better understand the tunnel-induced ground response and the interaction between the surrounding rock mass and tunnel lining, a comprehensive in situ monitoring program was set up. The in situ monitoring contents included the surrounding rock pressure on the primary lining, the primary lining deformation, and the stress of steel arches. Based on the monitoring data, the temporal and the long-term spatial characteristics of mechanical behavior of surrounding rock mass and lining structure due to the excavation process were analyzed and discussed. It is found that the excavation of lower benches released the surrounding rock pressure around upper benches, resulting in the decrease of the surrounding rock pressure on the primary lining and the stress of steel arches. In addition, the monitoring data revealed that the primary lining sustained bias pressure from the surrounding rock mass, which thereby caused unsymmetrical deformation of the primary lining, in accordance with the monitored displacement data. A dynamically adaptive support system was implemented to strengthen the bearing capacity of the lining system especially in the region of an extremely weak rock mass. After such treatment, the deformation of the primary lining has been well controlled and the construction speed has been considerably enhanced.

Electric and magnetic energy densities as well as energy flux (Poynting vector) for radial variant vector beam focusing through a dielectric interface is analyzed numerically based on vector diffraction theory. The electric and magnetic energy densities are tailored by properly manipulating the radial as well as initial phases to generates novel focal patterns in the focal area. These peculiar properties may find applications in fields such as optical trapping, optical recording, magnetic recording, and magnetic resonance microscopy and semiconductor inspection. Full Text: PDF References S.N. Khonina, I. Golub, "Optimization of focusing of linearly polarized light ", Opt. Lett. 36 352 (2011). CrossRef V.V. Kotlyar, S.S. Stafeev, Y. Liu, L. O'Faolain, A. A. Kovalev, "Analysis of the shape of a subwavelength focal spot for the linearly polarized light", Appl. Opt. 52 330 (2013). CrossRef S. Sen, M.A. Varshney, D. Varshney, "Relativistic Propagation of Linearly/Circularly Polarized Laser Radiation in Plasmas", ISRN Optics. 2013 1 (2013). CrossRef M. Martínez-Corral, R. Martínez-Cuenca, I. Escobar, G. Saavedra, "Reduction of focus size in tightly focused linearly polarized beams", Appl. Phys. Lett. 85 4319 (2004) . CrossRef J. Lekner, "Polarization of tightly focused laser beams", Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 5, 6 (2003). CrossRef H. Guo, X. Weng, M. Jiang, Y. Zhao, G. Sui, Q. Hu, Y. Wang, S. Zhuang, "Tight focusing of a higher-order radially polarized beam transmitting through multi-zone binary phase pupil filters", Opt.Express 21, 5363 (2013). CrossRef C.-C. Sun, C.-K. Liu, "Ultrasmall focusing spot with a long depth of focus based on polarization and phase modulation", Opt. Lett. 28, 99 (2003). CrossRef G.H. Yuan, S.B. Wei, X.-C. Yuan, "Nondiffracting transversally polarized beam", Opt. Lett. 36, 3479 (2011). CrossRef P. Yu, S. Chen, J. Li, H. Cheng, Z. Li, W. Liu, B. Xie, Z. Liu, J. Tian, "Generation of vector beams with arbitrary spatial variation of phase and linear polarization using plasmonic metasurfaces", Opt. Lett. 40, 3229 (2015). CrossRef Z. Chen, T. Zeng, B. Qian, "Complete shaping of optical vector beams", J. Ding, Opt. Express 23, 17701 (2015). CrossRef Z. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. Ke, Y. Liu, W. Shu, H. Luo, S. Wen, "Generation of arbitrary vector vortex beams on hybrid-order Poincaré sphere", Photon. Res. 5, 15 (2017). CrossRef Z. Man, Z. Bai, S. Zhang, J. Li, X. Li, X. Ge, Y. Zhang, S. Fu, "Focusing properties of arbitrary optical fields combining spiral phase and cylindrically symmetric state of polarization", J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 35, 1014 (2018). CrossRef Z. Man, S. Fu, G. Wei, "Focus engineering based on analytical formulae for tightly focused polarized beams with arbitrary geometric configurations of linear polarization", J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 34, 1384 (2017). CrossRef Z. Man et al, "Optical cage generated by azimuthal- and radial-variant vector beams", Appl. Opt. 57 (2018). CrossRef S.S. Stafeev, V.V Kotlyar, A.G. Nalimov, E.S. Kozlova, "The Non-Vortex Inverse Propagation of Energy in a Tightly Focused High-Order Cylindrical Vector Beam", IEEE Photon. J., 11, 1 (2019). CrossRef S.S. Stafeev, V.V. Kotlyar, "Elongation of the area of energy backflow through the use of ring apertures", Opt. Commun.450 (2019) 67-71. CrossRef S.S. Stafeev, V.V. Kotlyar, A.G. Nalimov, "Energy backflow in in a tightly focused high-order cylindrical vector beam", Proc. SPIE 11025, 1102518 (2019). CrossRef N.G. Orji, M. Badaroglu, B.M. Barnes, "Metrology for the next generation of semiconductor devices", Nat. Electron. 1, 532 (2018). CrossRef P. Torok, P. Varga, G.R. Booker, "Electromagnetic diffraction of light focused through a planar interface between materials of mismatched refractive indices: structure of the electromagnetic field. I", I, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 12, 2136 (1995). CrossRef P. Torok, P. Varga, Z. Laczik, G.R. Booker, "Electromagnetic diffraction of light focused through a planar interface between materials of mismatched refractive indices: an integral representation", J. Opt. Soc. Am. A., 12, 325 (1995). CrossRef Z. Zhou, L. Zhu, "Tight focusing of high order axially symmetric polarized beams through a dielectric interface", Optik, 124, 2219 (2013). CrossRef J. Shu, Z. Chen, J. Pu, Y. Liu "Tight focusing of a double-ring-shaped, azimuthally polarized beam through a dielectric interface", J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 31, 1180 (2014). CrossRef K. Hu, Z. Chen, J. Pu., "Generation of super-length optical needle by focusing hybridly polarized vector beams through a dielectric interface", Opt. Lett. 37, 3303 (2012). CrossRef B. Richards, E. Wolf, "Electromagnetic diffraction in optical systems, II. Structure of the image field in an aplanatic system", Proc. R. Soc. London A 253, 358 (1959). CrossRef

Over the past century, nitrogen fertilization has fed approximately 27% of the world’s population.1 Urea and ammonia are two of the most important nitrogen fertilizers used world-widely. The current industrial production of urea is mainly realized by an energy-intensive reaction of carbon dioxide and ammonia under harsh conditions (150-200 °C, 150-250 bar) with large energy consumption, for which nearly 80% of synthesized ammonia is used.2 Furthermore, ammonia is also produced under extreme condition (350-550 °C, 150-350 bar) by an energy-consuming Haber-Bosch method.3 Therefore, it is of great significance to synthesize urea and ammonia under mild conditions to meet the demands of ever-increasing population in the world. The electrocatalytic co-reduction of CO2 and NO3 - emerges as a promising approach to realize the direct synthesis of urea via C-N coupling, with ammonia produced as a side product. However, the state-of-the-art yield rates of urea and ammonia through this electrosynthesis are typically below 1 mg h-1 mgcat -1 and 3 mg h-1 mgcat -1.4, 5 In this study, we realize high-rate production of urea on an economic Cu-based organic molecule catalyst through electrochemically coupling CO2 with NO3 -, with ammonia as another useful byproduct. The rationally design of the catalysts guarantees the accurate adsorption and activation of NO3 - and CO2, which further promotes the desired electrochemical C-N coupling in urea synthesis. Efficient urea synthesis was achieved with yield rates ranging from 2.7 to 3.6 mg h-1 mgcat -1 in a potential window of -0.49~-0.67V vs. RHE, together with ammonia with high yield rates ranging from 0.15 to 9.7 mg h-1 mgcat -1. This work proposes an appealing route of sustainable production of artificial nitrogen fertilizers with high efficiencies. Widespread adoption of this approach is promising to re-use the greenhouse gas CO2 and NO3 - from waste toward a full circulate of economy and sustainable energy consumption. The demonstrated production of nitrogen fertilizer in conjunction with renewable electricity is of great potential to meet the rising demand for global food security. Acknowledgements Research Grants Council (26206115, 16304821 and 16309418) and Innovation and Technology Commission (grant no. ITC-CNERC14EG03) of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. The work described in this paper was substantially supported by a fellowship award from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (Project No. HKUST PDFS2021-4S12). References J. W. Erisman, M. A. Sutton, J. Galloway, Z. Klimont and W. Winiwarter, Nat. Geosci., 2008, 1, 636-639. M. Yuan, J. Chen, Y. Xu, R. Liu, T. Zhao, J. Zhang, Z. Ren, Z. Liu, C. Streb, H. He, C. Yang, S. Zhang and G. Zhang, Energy Environ. Sci., 2021, 14, 6605-6615. A. J. Martín, T. Shinagawa and J. Pérez-Ramírez, Chem, 2019, 5, 263-283. C. Lv, L. Zhong, H. Liu, Z. Fang, C. Yan, M. Chen, Y. Kong, C. Lee, D. Liu, S. Li, J. Liu, L. Song, G. Chen, Q. Yan and G. Yu, Nat. Sustain., 2021, 4, 868-876. X. Wei, X. Wen, Y. Liu, C. Chen, C. Xie, D. Wang, M. Qiu, N. He, P. Zhou, W. Chen, J. Cheng, H. Lin, J. Jia, X.-Z. Fu and S. Wang, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2022, 144, 11530-11535.

Introduction. The article examines the origins of Taiwanese piano art, its evolution, the influence of national and numerous non-national musical traditions. Until today, no special study devoted to the general panorama of these important processes has been created. The general picture of the formation and development of Taiwanese musical culture in the context of the political, economic and social situation is considered. The purpose of the article is to highlight the origins of Taiwanese piano art, which influenced its evolution, the process of introducing national and numerous non-national elements at the main stages of its formation and development. With the help of analytical, historical, comparative, interdisciplinary methods of research, a number of tasks are solved: the role of Western Christian missionaries in the development of musical education and piano art on the island is determined, the reasons why the Western classical music was accepted by the local society, the questions about the founders of the system of Western of classical music education, the programs and forms of learning in the first music schools in Taiwan, the names of the first Taiwanese composers-pianists are clarified; а periodization of the development of piano art in Taiwan is proposed. Results. The most important historical stages of the formation and development of Taiwanese piano art can be considered: – the period of its creation from the end of the 16th century to 1894; – the period of Japanese colonial rule from 1895 to 1945; – the period of development of national self-awareness, 1946–1986; – the period of reunification with mainland China from 1987. The proposed periodization makes it possible to reveal the entire historical and cultural context of the existence of piano art in Taiwan, to project its genetic settings for further stages of its development. Its basis was national folklore, but since the middle of the 16th century, the island was visited by Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch and Canadian colonists, and the first contacts of Western music with the indigenous population of Taiwan were made thanks to the activities of Western missionaries and were subordinated mainly to religious purposes. The stage of Japanese colonial rule was important for the development of piano art on the island. Due to the influence of Japan, Taiwanese musicians had further opportunities to join the system of Western classical music education, as the Japanese government was helping Taiwanese youth to obtain it. After 1920, Western classical music becomes popular in Taiwan; the formation of composer creativity in the field of piano music also takes place – the activities of such Taiwanese composers and pianists as Chiang Wen-Yeh, Chen Sizhi, Kuo Chih-Yuan, Kao Tzu-Mei and others. In the years 1946–1986, we observe the further development of performing and teaching activities at the island, a bright burst of creativity by such composers as Chang-Hui Hsu, Hsiao Tyzen, Shui-Long Ma and others. After 1987, active musical contacts between China and Taiwan contribute to the further progress of the island’s piano art. The piano works of Taiwanese composers Shih-Hui Chen, Fan-Ling Su, Chien-Yu Huang and others are widely popularized. In recent decades, the performing activities of Taiwanese pianists, represented in the international space by the names of Chien-Yu Huang, Yi Chih Lu, Chiu Tze Lin and many others, have become very active. Today, the piano art of Taiwan is the most important part of not only Chinese, but also world music culture. Conclusions. The study of the origins of the piano art of Taiwan, the periods of its development, ways of refracting different musical traditions will help to understand both the historical-theoretical and aesthetic-pedagogical and artistic significance of this phenomenon in musical art. The most important events in the social and cultural life of Taiwan, since the end of the 16th century, indirectly affected the development of national piano art, which underwent qualitative changes connected with the emergence of new musical forms and means of expression, the methods of using the national and Western compositional techniques. The prospect of further study of the topic consists in a more detailed study of the modern stage of developing piano art in Taiwan and clarifying the influence of its extensive genetic roots on the compositional and performing creativity of representatives of Taiwanese musical culture.

Abstract Background: As a first-echelon nodal drainage site of breast cancer, the status of axillary lymph nodes (ALN) and internal mammary lymph nodes (IMLN) is both valuable for regional staging and treatment choice. The internal mammary sentinel lymph node biopsy (IM-SLNB) may provide minimally invasive staging, and guide individual IMLN radiation. Modified technique (periareolar intraparenchymal, high volume and ultrasound guidance) got a high internal mammary sentinel lymph nodes (IM-SLN) visualization rate of 71.1% in single center, and the prospective multicenter study was designed to verify its repeatability (CBCSG026, NCT03541278). High visualization rate and low false negative rate are prerequisites for the widespread of IM-SLNB. The question arises as to whether IM-SLN detected with the modified technique should be considered as “true” IM-SLN. The prospective, multicenter, clinical validation study of IM-SLNB followed by internal mammary lymph node dissection (IM-LND) was designed to verify the accuracy of IM-SLNB in patients with ALN positive breast cancer (CBCSG027, NCT03024463). Methods: While CBCSG026 trial enrolled patients with both axillary negative and positive breast cancer, CBCSG027 trial only enrolled axillary positive patients receiving mastectomy (either biopsy proving cN+ disease or cN0 with positive axillary SLN). The 1st to 3rd intercostal IM-LND was performed immediately after IM-SLNB to verify its accuracy in the CBCSG027 trial. Result: From May 2018 to June 2022, 600 and 264 patients were enrolled in the CBCSG026 and CBCSG027 trial from seven centers in China, respectively. Among the 600 recruited patients in the CBCSG026, the IM-SLN visualization rate was 65.0% (390/600), which was significantly related to patient’s age, body mass index, radiotracer intensity and interval time between injection and IM-SLN identification (all P< 0.05). The IM-SLNB successful rate was 97.4% (380/390), and the complication was 6.9%. The median number of IM-SLN was 1. The overall IM-SLN metastases rate was 18.9% (72/380), with 33.0% (65/195) and 3.8% (7/185) in ALN positive and negative patients, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that the tumor size (P=0.028), the tumor location (P< 0.001) and the number of positive ALNs (P< 0.001) were independent predictors of IM-SLN metastasis. Those variables were included in a novel nomogram (Table 1), which was significantly better than the probability based on the number of metastatic ALNs alone according to the current guidelines (area under the curve: 0.860 vs. 0.804, P< 0.001). Of the 264 patients enrolled in the CBCSG027 trial, 185 patients (70.1%) had IM-SLN visualization (included 107 with cN+ disease and 78 with positive axillary SLN). The median number of IM-SLN and IM-nSLN was 2 (1~4) and 3 (1~9), respectively. The positive rate of IMLN and IM-SLN was 37.8% (70/185) and 36.8% (68/185), respectively, yielding the false negative rate of IM-SLNB 2.9% (2/70), the accuracy of 98.9% (183/185) and the sensitivity of 97.1% (68/70). The false negative rate of patients with cN+ disease and patients with positive axillary SLN was 4.8% (2/42) and 0, respectively. The positive IM-SLNs were the only positive IMLNs identified in 51.4% (36/70) patients. IM-SLNB can change the pN stages of 37.2% (68/183) patients. IMLN irradiation could be avoided in 72.7% (80/110) patients with axillary pN1 and 46.7% (35/75) with pN2/N3 disease in the study. Conclusions: The modified technique of radiotracer injection (periareolar intraparenchymal, high volume, and ultrasound guidance) can significantly improve the detection rate of IM-SLN with very low false-negative rate with the prospective, multicenter validation results, providing minimally invasive staging and guiding individual IMLN radiation. When there is no IM-SLN visualization, the nomogram can predict the risk of IMLN metastasis and guide IMLN radiation. The nomogram which can predict the risk of IMLN metastasis The nomogram which can predict the risk of IMLN metastasis Citation Format: Yong-Sheng Wang, Qing Lu, Shi-Guang Zhu, Wen-He Zhao, Guang-Lun Yang, Yuan-Xi Huang, Hong Zhong, Xiao Sun, Pengfei Qiu. Prospective, multicenter, clinical validation study of the repeatability and accuracy of internal mammary sentinel lymph node biopsy with modified injection technique (CBCSG026/CBCSG027) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-14-06.

The present article involves a qualitative study of the framing of dementia in ‘Alzheimer’s and Dementia’, the Journal of the Alzheimer’s Association, published in 2016. The aim of this study is to elucidate how dementia is framed qualitatively in the corpus consisting of scientific articles involving dementia published in ‘Alzheimer’s and Dementia’. The results of the qualitative analysis indicate that dementia is represented in ‘Alzheimer’s and Dementia’ in 2016 as the frames associated with gender, age, costs, caregiver and care-recipients, disability and death, health policy, spatial orientation, medical condition, and ethnic groups. These findings are further discussed in the article. References Andrews, J. (2011). We need to talk about dementia. Journal of Research in Nursing, 16(5),397–399. Aronowitz, R. (2008). Framing Disease: An Underappreciated Mechanism for the SocialPatterning Health. Social Science & Medicine, 67, 1–9. Bayles, K. A. (1982). 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AbstractThree methods can be used to evaluate the colour used on architectural heritage: manual evaluation, instrumental measurement, and process restoration. Optical instruments that can obtain relatively accurate chromaticity data are ideal. As architectural heritage sites age, their colour fluctuates. Researchers must screen colour data and analyse the features based on experience with colour perception. This study combines quantitative colour analysis and a scaled perception survey to analyse the Wen Yuan Ge in the Forbidden City and provide a new reference for researching and designing colour in architectural heritage.

In the last issue (Vol. 29, No.2), there was a mistake in Wai-Tong Lau's article, “Songs Tied onto the Chariot—Revolutionary Songs of the Cultural Revolution in China (1966–1976)” on page 106. JHRME regrets the inaccuracies. The corrected paragraph reads as follows: A number of revolutionary songs of the Cultural Revolution are written in the musical styles of the Chinese minorities. “The Great Beijing” (Wei Da De Beijing by Nu Er Mai Mai Ti), a song written by a Xinjiang composer, was very popular during the Cultural Revolution. This song is filled with syncopated rhythm typical of the Xinjiang minority dances. Another classic revolutionary song of the Cultural Revolution, “A Song within My Heart for the People's Liberation Army” (Wo Xin Zhong De Ge Xian Gei Jie Fang Jun by Chang Liuzhu), composed by a Han composer, is written with rhythmic patterns characteristic of the Tibetan dances. Other similar songs are one for the Bei Minority, “Never-Ending Singing of the Zhan Mountain” (Zhan Shan Ge Sheng Yong Bu Luo by Zhang Wen); one for the Korean minority, “Yanbian People Love Chairman Mao” (Yanbian Ren Ming Re Ai Mao Zhu Xi by Jin Fenghao); one for the Zhuang minority, “Zhuang People Sing for Chairman Mao” (Zhaung Zu Ren Ming Ge Chang Mao Zhu Xi by the Creation Group of the Department of Culture of Guangxi Zhaung Autonomous Region); and one for the Wa minority, “Ah Wa People Sing New Songs” (Ah Wa Ren Ming Chang in Ge by Yang Zhengren). These revolutionary songs of the minorities enriched the genre of revolutionary songs of the Cultural Revolution with a variety of rhythmic and tonal idioms different from those of the mainstream Han music.

This paper proposes the concept of multisensory landscape construction, pointing out that people’s perception and appreciation of a landscape is a process of overall impression and judgment formed with a combination of visual, auditory, olfactory, tactile, and even thermal and humid sense. Examples can be found in many famous traditional Chinese gardens. Around the West Lake area, there are famous soundscape scenic spots, e.g., Liu Lang Wen Ying (Orioles Singing in the Willows), Nan Ping Evening Bell (Evening Bell Ringing at the Nanping Hill), Zhejiang Qiu Tao (Autumn Wave of Zhejiang), and Jiu Li Song Tao (Wave of Pine Trees Lasts Nine Miles) . There are also some famous lightscape scenic spots, e.g., San Tan Ying Yue (Moon and Candlelight Mirrored in the Lake) and Ping Hu Qiu Yue (Moon over the Peaceful Lake in Autumn) . In terms of smellscape, in addition to the famous scenic spot Qu Yuan Feng He (Curved Yard and Lotus Pool in Summer), the West Lake area is also widely planted with osmanthus and other fragrant plants, forming a smellscape in which "late autumn is fragrant with osmanthus flowers and lotus in bloom for miles and miles." At Humble Administrator Garden, there are soundscape scenic spots such as Wu Zhu You Ju (Secluded Residence among Bamboo Bushes) and Liu Ting Ge (Pavilion to Pause and Listen); there are smellscape scenic spots such as the Orchid Field, the Magnolia Courtyard, the Panicum Pavilion, etc.; lightscape scenic spots such as Liu Ying Ge (Hall of Reflecting Shadows) and Ta Ying Ting (Pavilion of Shadow of Tower) can also be found there. In Chengde Summer Resort, there are soundscape scenic spots such as Wan He Song Feng (Wind of Ten Thousand Ravines and Pines) and lightscape scenic spots such as Xi Ling Chen Xia (Morning Sunset on West Ridge), etc.; smellscape scenic spots such as Qu Shui Hua Xiang (Fragrance of Flowers in the Curved Water) and Yuan Xiang Tang (Hall of Fragrance of Far Away) can also be found.The above classic cases eloquently prove that the creation of multisensory landscape and the integration of them are the valuable experience in traditional Chinese gardens, which play an important role in the achievement of famous landscape.Therefore, the design of landscape must pay attention to the creation and integration of soundscape, smellscape and lightscape. Another key point of the theory of multisensory landscape construction is that it is necessary to pay attention to both spatial and temporal dimensions so that the constructed landscape can be enjoyed everywhere and at all time periods. In this regard, the creation of the three-scape (specifically refer to soundscape, smellscape and lightscape) can also highlight their regional and temporal characteristics. By analyzing some classic cases of traditional Chinese gardens, this paper proposes that the construction of multisensory landscape and the integration of soundscape, smellscape and lightscape are the valuable experience in traditional Chinese gardens, which are also important for the achievement of famous landscapes and are excellent traditions that we should vigorously inherit and carry forward.