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Artigos de revistas sobre o tema "Welfare state – history"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 25 de julho de 2024

Última modificação: 31 de julho de 2024

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1

Berkowitz, Edward D., Daniel Levine, Stanley Wenocur, et al. "The Social Welfare History State." Reviews in American History 18, no. 1 (1990): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2702732.

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2

Parry, Geraint. "Welfare State and Welfare Society." Government and Opposition 20, no. 3 (1985): 287–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1985.tb01085.x.

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‘CRISIS? WHAT CRISIS?’, THE CHANCELLOR OF THE EXCHEQUER was reported to have replied to a question concerning the alleged crisis in sterling. In the case of the welfare state it might seem that the appropriate response would be ‘Which crisis? ’ since there are several on the menu - fiscal crisis, legitimacy crisis, crisis of ungovernability . Left, Right and Centre have become convinced that there is a crisis. This is after a period of history which had seen an unprecedented rise in the standard of living of the vast majority of the population living in what are normally regarded as welfare states.

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3

Harris, B. "Welfare since 1945: Rewriting the History of Britain's Welfare State." Twentieth Century British History 17, no. 1 (2005): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tcbh/hwi050.

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4

Moeller, Robert G. "The state of women's welfare in European welfare states." Social History 19, no. 3 (1994): 385–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071029408567915.

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5

Pimpare, Stephen. "Toward a New Welfare History." Journal of Policy History 19, no. 2 (2007): 234–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jph.2007.0012.

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Histories of American welfare have been stories about the state. Like Walter Trattner's widely read From Poor Law to Welfare State, now in its sixth edition, they have offered a narrative about the slow but steady expansion and elaboration of state and federal protections granted to poor and working people, and have usually done so by charting increases in government expenditures, by documenting the institutionalization of welfare bureaucracies, and by tracing rises or declines in poverty, unemployment, and other aggregate measures of well-being. This has been the case even in more critical accounts that emphasize that American social welfare history is not a story just of progress, such as Michael Katz's In the Shadow of the Poorhouse. These narratives have emphasized programs, not people (whether it is the poorhouse, the asylum, and mother's pensions, or the more recent innovations of national unemployment insurance, Social Security, AFDC and TANF, and Medicare and Medicaid). In the investigations of the welfare state that dominate academic research, the content and timing of government policy itself has served as the dependent variable, while the independent variables have been a congeries of interests, institutions, and policy entrepreneurs. Our attention has been focused upon what government has done, why it was done, and what the effects were as measured in official data.

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6

McClymer, John F., and Bruce S. Jansson. "The Reluctant Welfare State: A History of American Social Welfare Policies." Journal of American History 75, no. 3 (1988): 900. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1901565.

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7

Bro, Henning. "HOUSING: FROM NIGHT WATCHMAN STATE TO WELFARE STATE." Scandinavian Journal of History 34, no. 1 (2009): 2–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03468750802692573.

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8

Whiteside, Noel, and John Brown. "The British Welfare State." Economic History Review 49, no. 3 (1996): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2597783.

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9

Leisering, Lutz. "Nation State and Welfare State: An Intellectual and Political History." Journal of European Social Policy 13, no. 2 (2003): 175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958928703013002005.

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10

Michelmore, Molly C. "Whose Welfare?: New Directions in the History of the American Welfare State." Reviews in American History 45, no. 2 (2017): 293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/rah.2017.0042.

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11

Moscovitch, Allan. "The Welfare State Since 1975." Journal of Canadian Studies 21, no. 2 (1986): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jcs.21.2.77.

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12

Tuohy, Carolyn, and Patricia O’Reilly. "Professionalism in the Welfare State." Journal of Canadian Studies 27, no. 1 (1992): 73–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jcs.27.1.73.

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13

Polsky, Andrew J. "Welfare State History: The Limits of the New." Journal of Policy History 7, no. 4 (1995): 441–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898030600004917.

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14

Patterson, James T. "Congress and the Welfare State." Social Science History 24, no. 2 (2000): 367–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014555320001018x.

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Thanks in part to the impeachment of President Bill Clinton, the popular reputation of Congress has recently plum meted to perhaps an all-time low.As the Senate deliberated in late January 1999, Jay Leno captured what seemed to be widespread disgust with Capitol Hill. He cracked, “We’ve reached a point where Congress does not affect anyone’s life, so we look at it as entertainment. It’s like the Jerry Springer show, except everyone has a law degree. They can’t fix health care, they can’t fix Social Security, so we look at them to provide a few laughs on a daily basis” (Providence Journal 1999).Leno’s wisecrack adds to a long history of jokes and laments about Congress, which throughout this century has taken far more hits from the public than has the executive branch. To listen only briefly to such criticism is to hear that Congress is inefficient, unresponsive, obstructionist, irresponsible, and undemocratic in its operations. Most often we are told that Congress suffers from two related weaknesses: it rolls over to please powerful interest groups, and it cravenly dreads reprisal from constituents.

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15

Calado, Alexandre, Luis Capucha, and Pedro Estêvão. "Welfare State Development in Portugal." Comparative Sociology 18, no. 5-6 (2019): 658–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691330-12341515.

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Abstract The break with austerity policies in Portugal, carried out after 2015 by a Socialist government supported in parliament by parties on its left, famously named the “contraption”, has gained widespread attention throughout Europe and beyond. This is primarily because the “reversal” of austerity has been successful, restoring social rights and living standards while maintaining the state’s financial equilibrium. The emergence of this innovative political solution cannot be understood without reference to the history of the Portuguese welfare state and the debates surrounding its future. For this reason, this article will cover how the Portuguese social model took shape after the democratic turn in 1974, the political and social consensus that underpins it and the political forces that vie for its transformation.

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16

Rank, Mark R., and Charles Noble. "Welfare as We Knew It: A Political History of the American Welfare State." Contemporary Sociology 28, no. 1 (1999): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2653848.

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17

Granjon, Marie-Christine, and Pierre Melandri. "Le Welfare State en Amerique du Nord." Vingtième Siècle. Revue d'histoire, no. 73 (January 2002): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3772158.

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18

Digby, A. "Changing Welfare Cultures in Region and State." Twentieth Century British History 17, no. 3 (2006): 297–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tcbh/hwl017.

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19

Hale, Frederick. "Sweden's Welfare State at a Turning Point." Current History 111, no. 743 (2012): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2012.111.743.112.

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20

Enli, Gunn, Trine Syvertsen, and Ole J. Mjøs. "THE WELFARE STATE AND THE MEDIA SYSTEM." Scandinavian Journal of History 43, no. 5 (2018): 601–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03468755.2018.1474023.

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21

Markkola, Pirjo. "Education as Lived Welfare: A History of Experience Perspective on Children and the Welfare State." Nordic Journal of Educational History 10, no. 2 (2023): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36368/njedh.v10i2.477.

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Drawing on recent research on lived welfare state from a history of experience perspective, this article aims to contribute to the further exploration of the education-welfare state nexus. First, experience as a historical concept is discussed in a historiographical context from the 1960s onwards. Second, the concept of lived welfare and the conceptualization of education as lived welfare are explicated. Third, concrete examples of education as lived welfare elucidate the history of experience approach to children and the welfare state. Children’s encounters with their educators and the school system shape their individual and collective ways of experiencing the welfare state. Examples from historical research presented in the article suggest that the conceptualization of education as lived welfare contributes to a better understanding of citizenship, belonging, trust in society (or lack thereof) and the general formation of individual-society relationship.

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22

WHITE, LINDA A. "Ideas and the Welfare State." Comparative Political Studies 35, no. 6 (2002): 713–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414002035006004.

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This article examines the legacy of American and Canadian welfare state development to explain surprisingly comparable levels of child care provision. It highlights the ironies of policy history while demonstrating the importance of ideas as independent causal factors in the development of public policies and the effect of their institutionalization on future policy development. Maternalist, nativist, and eugencist imperatives led U.S. governments to intrude in areas normally considered part of the private sphere and led to the adoption of policies to respond to a perceived decline primarily of the White population. These policies provided a normative and institutional basis for future government involvement in child care funding and programs, even after the conditions that led to the original policies changed. In Canada, the lack of large-scale entrenchment of similar ideas constrained an otherwise more interventionist government and made it more difficult for child care policies to find governmental and societal acceptance.

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23

Kloppenberg, James T., Steve Fraser, Gary Gerstle, Margaret Weir, Ann Shola Orloff, and Theda Skocpol. ""Who's Afraid of the Welfare State?"." Reviews in American History 18, no. 3 (1990): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2702673.

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24

Gutterman, Lauren Jae. "Ex-Wives and the Welfare State." Reviews in American History 50, no. 3 (2022): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/rah.2022.0038.

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25

Feldman, David. "MIGRANTS, IMMIGRANTS AND WELFARE FROM THE OLD POOR LAW TO THE WELFARE STATE." Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 13 (November 20, 2003): 79–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0080440103000045.

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26

Briggs, Laura. "Becoming “Welfare Island”." History of the Present 14, no. 1 (2024): 50–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/21599785-10898352.

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Abstract From the era of enslavement to contemporary structures of debt, governing entities and capital have denied state support to Puerto Ricans, demanding instead that payments flow from the archipelago first to Spain and then to the United States. While the US welfare state is notoriously stingy, even its limited benefits have never gone to Puerto Ricans on an equal basis to residents of the states. How, then, have Puerto Ricans been perennially accused of receiving too much welfare? This article argues that Puerto Rico marks the vanishing point of the coherence of the discourse of the “welfare queen” and reveals its underlying logic: it marks Black and impoverished people’s resistance, and the refusal to birth babies and raise children who are docile participants in the kind of labor force sought by capital. The “welfare queen,” generalized to the archipelago as a whole, marks rebellion and fugitivity.

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27

Backhouse, Roger E., and Bradley W. Bateman. "Keynes and the Welfare State." HISTORY OF ECONOMIC THOUGHT AND POLICY, no. 1 (January 2012): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/spe2012-001002.

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This paper considers the question of what influence J.M. Keynes had on the evolution of the welfare state after the Second World War. First it weighs whether his non-utilitarian approach to economic theory and welfare measurement had an impact on the growth of the welfare state. Then it considers whether the influence came through Keynes's advocacy of deficit spending. After rejecting both of these explanations the role of full employment in sustaining the welfare state is weighed. The paper concludes with a consideration of what might be necessary in preserving the welfare state in the face of the recent financial crisis and the sovereign debt crises that have emerged subsequent to the crisis.

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28

Evertsson, Marie. "A History of Welfare State and Family/Kin Support." Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 41, no. 1 (2012): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094306111430789.

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29

Ashford, Douglas E. "The Whig Interpretation of the Welfare State." Journal of Policy History 1, no. 1 (1989): 24–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898030600004589.

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Butterfield's well-known warning to historians may hold important lessons for the analysis of the contemporary welfare state. In his view, the Whig historians distorted history by interpreting the past in terms of the present. They allowed themselves to become “dispensers of moral judgments” by dividing the world into the friends and enemies of progress. Many contemporary explanations of welfare states pose the same problem, not so much because social science intentionally excludes the past, but because the search for rigorous empirical explanations of our present choices and accomplishments is divorced from the past. As Himmelfarb noted in her comments on the study of social history, the investigations of this intricate transformation of nineteenth-century liberal states are now virtually “two cultures.”

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30

Gosling, George. "Can the Welfare State Survive?" Cultural and Social History 17, no. 1 (2020): 131–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14780038.2020.1735061.

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31

Cohen, Miriam. "Reconsidering Schools and the American Welfare State." History of Education Quarterly 45, no. 4 (2005): 511–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2005.tb00052.x.

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Recalling her experience as an exchange teacher in Birmingham, England, in 1938-39, in the midst of the Great Depression, Oregon teacher Mary Kelly, wrote:When I witnessed the first ‘leaving’ day … in one of the Birmingham schools and learned that as soon as the majority of the English children were fourteen they were through with regular schooling forever, I almost shed tears.“Do you mean that those girls will never go to high school?” I asked.“Yes it is true.”“Will they have jobs or will they be idle?”“The Education Department will place most of them in positions in homes, shops or factories ….”There were no graduation exercises, no lovely new dresses, no parents or relatives invited. I thought of my high-school graduation, which possibly would never have been if education was not free, because the means were limited. Still another graduation after going through college on nothing a year permitted me to take up teaching … . To me, at that moment, there was nothing more precious than democracy and I mean the American way.

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32

van Kersbergen, Kees. "Welfare state reform and political allegiance." European Legacy 8, no. 5 (2003): 559–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1084877032000153948.

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33

Baldwin, Peter. "Class, Interest and the Welfare State." International Review of Social History 34, no. 3 (1989): 471–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000009470.

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34

Zelizer, Julian, and Michael K. Brown. "Race, Money, and the American Welfare State." Journal of American History 87, no. 2 (2000): 722. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2568879.

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35

Brown, Michael K., and Edward D. Berkowitz. "America's Welfare State: From Roosevelt to Reagan." Journal of American History 79, no. 4 (1993): 1660. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2080323.

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36

Porter, Dorothy, Jonathan Barry, and Colin Jones. "Medicine and Charity before the Welfare State." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 24, no. 4 (1994): 705. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/205643.

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37

Thane, Pat. "The Origins of the British Welfare State." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 50, no. 3 (2019): 427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh_a_01448.

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George Boyer’s The Winding Road to the Welfare State, which traces the shift in Britain from the early nineteenth-century Poor Law to the post-1945 welfare state, is strongest and most useful in its analysis of the labor market in relation to poverty and insecurity and in its precise quantification of wages, poverty, insecurity, and public relief. It is much weaker when discussing how politics and public opinion shaped social policies; overlooking important areas of British state welfare, the book focuses upon unemployment and old-age policies. Nor is the book really about “Britain.” Most of the statistics and analyses refer to England and occasionally Wales. Scotland, with its different economic, administrative, and legal structures, though constitutionally in Britain, is barely mentioned. Notwithstanding Boyer’s contributions to the picture of how the British welfare state emerged, his version of Britain’s “winding road” falls short of the descriptions and analyses that many British publications have already provided within the past thirty years.

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38

Green, M. C. "African American Encounters with the Warfare-Welfare State." Diplomatic History 37, no. 4 (2013): 909–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/dh/dht031.

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39

Morgan, Kimberly J. "The Impoverished Rhetoric of the US Welfare State." Current History 116, no. 793 (2017): 324–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2017.116.793.324.

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40

Koven, S., and S. Michel. "Gender and the Origins of the Welfare State." Radical History Review 1989, no. 43 (1989): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-1989-43-112.

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41

Henaut, Yann, and Fabienne Delfour. "Manatees in Zoological Parks throughout the World: History, State, and Welfare." Animals 13, no. 20 (2023): 3228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13203228.

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The order Sirenia comprises several species of manatees and one species of dugong. These popular marine mammals are relatively recent acquisitions to zoological parks throughout the world. As far as we know, there are less than 200 manatees, mostly American, a few African, and ever less Amazonian, currently in zoological parks. American manatees are predominantly found in zoos in Europe, North America, and in some Asian countries, while African ones are present exclusively in Asian zoos. The living conditions of captive manatees differ considerably from zoo to zoo (i.e., numbers, sex ratio, outdoor vs. indoor habitats, complex vs. simple habitats). Most research on manatee behaviour has been relatively recent, and studies on cognition, sociality, and ecology have a significant impact on our perception of manatee needs and management, with wider implications for their welfare. In the wild, manatees demonstrated various cognitive capacities; spatial memory and learning abilities play an important role in their daily life in a complex and dynamic environment. Furthermore, there is evidence that these mammals are more social animals than expected. Individuals show various personality traits on the boldness–shyness continuum and their sociality varies. All those parameters are important in terms of animal welfare. Several behavioural studies showed that standardized enrichment programs benefit and ensure the welfare of captive zoo animals. However, obtaining accurate information on the presence of manatees in zoos, living conditions, management, and consequently welfare remains challenging. This study examines the current knowledge on manatee behaviour and cognition and then discusses different approaches to improving the welfare of this charismatic marine mammal in zoological parks.

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42

Wolin, Sheldon S. "I. Democracy and the Welfare State." Political Theory 15, no. 4 (1987): 467–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0090591787015004001.

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43

Durbach, Nadja. "One British Thing: A Bottle of Welfare Orange Juice, c. 1961–1971." Journal of British Studies 57, no. 3 (2018): 564–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2018.84.

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AbstractThis essay inaugurates a new series in the Journal of British Studies titled “One British Thing.” This short essay uses a bottle of welfare orange juice distributed sometime between 1961 and 1971 to tell a larger story about the relationship between Britain's Welfare State and the colonization and decolonization of the British West Indies. The history of the Welfare State has largely been told as a metropolitan story severed from a wider global history of empire. The empty bottle of concentrated orange juice, however, tells a different story. It exposes Britain's own dependency on its colonial subjects to provide the means of furnishing welfare benefits to its metropolitan citizens. The history of welfare orange juice thus opens up a richer understanding of the politics and economics of the Welfare State and its relationship to colonial development projects on the one hand and the slow processes of decolonization on the other.

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44

Trolander, Judith Ann, and Edward D. Berkowitz. "America's Welfare State: From Roosevelt to Reagan." American Historical Review 97, no. 3 (1992): 956. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2164966.

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45

Shave, Samantha A. "The Winding Road to the Welfare State: Economic insecurity and social welfare policy in Britain." Social History 47, no. 3 (2022): 341–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071022.2022.2075589.

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46

TAKEBATA, Hiroshi. "The Formative History of the Residual Welfare State in Japan." TRENDS IN THE SCIENCES 23, no. 9 (2018): 9_34–9_39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5363/tits.23.9_34.

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47

Szreter, Simon, Ann Louise Kinmonth, Natasha M. Kriznik, and Michael P. Kelly. "Health, welfare, and the state—the dangers of forgetting history." Lancet 388, no. 10061 (2016): 2734–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(16)32429-1.

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48

Jones, Larry Eugene, and Elizabeth Harvey. "Youth and the Welfare State in Weimar Germany." History of Education Quarterly 35, no. 2 (1995): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/369655.

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49

Chappell, Marisa. "PROTECTING SOLDIERS AND MOTHERSTWENTY-FIVE YEARS LATER: THEDA SKOCPOL'S LEGACY AND AMERICAN WELFARE STATE HISTORIOGRAPHY, 1992–2017." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 17, no. 3 (2018): 546–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781418000105.

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This essay examines Theda Skocpol's landmark 1992 book,Protecting Soldiers and Mothers, and discusses its influence historians of the U.S. welfare state. The first section summarizes the book's “state-centered” approach and its central arguments and discusses its reception. It pays particular attention to critiques from women's and gender historians, who challenged Skocpol's characterization of Progressive Era “maternalist reform” particularly for its failure to account for racial politics or the limitations of rooting women's claims to social citizenship in mothering. The second section explores Skocpol's influence on historians of the U.S. welfare state in the past twenty-five years. Scholars of women and gender followed Skocpol's call to “bring the state back in,” bringing the insights of two decades of social and cultural history to the arena of state-building. In the process, they illuminated the centrality of race and racial politics to American social policy and citizenship in ways that Skocpol largely elided. Skocpol's discovery of the peculiar forms of American social provision also profoundly influenced welfare state scholars, who uncovered the vast reach of the “hidden” or “submerged state” in shaping unequal citizenship and political identities around race, gender, sexuality, and other axes of difference. Finally, the essay discusses historians’ attention to an aspect largely absent fromProtecting Soldiers and Mothers—the voices, perspectives, and actions of participants in welfare state programs and policies—which has deepened and expanded understanding of the processes and effects of welfare state-building in the past twenty-five years.

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50

Rollings, Neil, and Rodney Lowe. "The Welfare State in Britain Since 1945." Economic History Review 47, no. 3 (1994): 626. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2597606.

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