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1
Taylor, Alyson M. "A comparison of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children third edition and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children fourth edition /". View online, 2010. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211131524481.pdf.
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2
Meyers, Rebecca S. "Incremental validity and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales". Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2004. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2004/2004meyersr.pdf.
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3
Cummins, Tamara L. "Stability of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III Scores in children with learning disabilities". Virtual Press, 2001. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1203647.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the stability of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III (WISC-III) test scores in children with Learning Disabilities. Previous research has suggested that some children with Learning Disabilities do not demonstrate the same stability of performance, over time, on the Wechsler as many children in the general population.The sample utilized in this study consisted of 214 children who had been identified as having Learning Disabilities. WISC-III data was collected through archival review of education files.Test-retest stability for the WISC-III over a period of approximately three years was assessed using correlational and t-test data. For the total sample, three year test-retest correlations for the Verbal IQ, Performance IQ, and Full Scale IQ were .67, .73, and .74, respectively. However, Verbal IQ, Full Scale IQ, and Verbal Index scores were observed to drop significantly between testings. Mean score differences for the Verbal IQ and Verbal Comprehension scales were slightly over three points. The mean difference for the Full Scale IQ was slightly less than two points.Analysis of individual scores indicated considerable variability, with some students decreasing as much as 30 or increasing as much as 37 IQ points at the time of retesting. Analysis of distribution of score differences suggested that the children with Learning Disabilities in this sample demonstrated more variability in performance, overall, than might be anticipated in the general population.Department of Educational Psychology
4
Spencer, Rebecca Ann. "Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition Verbal short forms for children with visual impairments". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282247.
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The purpose of the present study was to investigate WISC-III Verbal short forms for school-age children identified as visually impaired. The rationale for use of WISC-III Verbal short forms is to provide a time saving and technically sound measure for the screening and/or periodical re-evaluation of children with visual impairments who may require special education services. The total sample consisted of the WISC-III test scores of 78 children identified with the handicapping condition of either partial sightedness or legal blindness, who had been given the regularly administered Verbal subtests. The mean age level of the total sample was 11 years, 4 months. Three additional groups were obtained from the test records of the original data which included, children identified as either partially sighted or legally blind (n=62) who were given the regularly administered Verbal subtests and supplementary Digit Span subtest (referred to as the Digit Span group), and children identified as partially sighted (n=47), and legally blind (n=31), who were given only the regularly administered Verbal subtests. Ninety-seven percent of the data were obtained from existing test records, and the remaining data from the actual administration of the WISC-III Verbal subtests for the purpose of collecting data for the study. Children identified with the handicapping conditions of multiple disabilities or mental retardation were not included in the sample. For the total sample and additional groups, the mean Verbal IQ score and mean scaled score of the individual subtests fell in the average range. The WISC-III Verbal short form combinations were identified by utilizing the formulas of Tellegen and Briggs (1967) for determining the reliability and validity coefficients of short form combinations. High reliability and validity coefficients were obtained for all two-, three-, and four-subtest combinations of the total sample and additional groups. The study results suggest WISC-III Verbal short forms offer a time efficient and technically sound measure to be utilized in assessment of the verbal intellectual development of school-age children with visual impairments.
5
Kuppers, Reiner. "An investigation of the Wisc-R coding subtest as a measure of learning potential". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25434.
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The purpose of this study was to compare the practice effects of "normal" students on the WISC-R Coding subtest to those of "learning disabled" students, to see if Coding can be used as a measure of "learning potential." In addition, data from the WISC-R Coding subtest were compared to subjects' scores from the four subtests of the British Columbia Quick Individual Educational Test (B.C.Q.U.I.E.T.). The WISC-R Coding subtest was administered to 38 students from two school districts, one urban and one rural; it was readministered approximately 24 hours later. Seventeen of the students were classified as "learning disabled" and came from regional learning centers in each district. Twenty one students selected from elementary schools in the two districts were classified as "normal." Analysis of the data showed that the students could be pooled into two groups, one labeled "normal" and one "learning disabled." Further analysis found significant differences between the pre-and posttest Coding scores for the normal group but not for the learning disabled group. There was also a significant difference between the two groups on both their pre-and posttest Coding scores. Significant correlations were found between all four of the B.C.Q.U.I.E.T. subtest and posttest Coding scores for normal subjects. The learning disabled group's scores correlated significantly with the Coding subtest. For the normal group no significant correlations were found between pre-and posttest Coding scores; however these scores were correlated significantly for the learning disabled group. A multivariate discriminant analysis
found the two groups could be clearly separated by using a combination of all four B.C.Q.U.I.E.T. subtests and the pre-and posttest Coding scores.
Results indicated that students classified as "normal" showed significantly greater practice effects on the WISC-R Coding subtest than students classified as "learning disabled". Furthermore these two groups could be identified clearly using a discriminant analysis with a combination of all four subtests of the B.C.Q.U.I.E.T. and pre-and posttest Coding scores. It would seem that there is merit in pursuing the use of the WISC-R Coding test-retest scores to screen for learning disabilities, especially in combination with B.C.Q.U.I.E.T. subtest scores. Implications were
discussed.Education, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate
6
Avis, Cheryl Esme. "WISC-R coding incidental recall, digit span and supraspan test performance in children aged 6 and 7". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007506.
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The primary aim of this study was to develop age-related normative data for the WISC-R Digits Forward, Digits Backward, Digits Difference, Digit Supraspan, and Coding Incidental Recall (Immediate and 30' Delayed) tests for a non-clinical population of South African school children aged 6 and 7. The effects of sex, English versus Xhosa language, and white versus black race groups, were additional investigations. Subjects were randomly selected from three English speaking Grahamstown schools; level of education ranged from pre-school to Sub Standard B; English speaking subjects included predominantly white children, with a small proportion of coloured, Chinese and Indian children; Xhosa speaking children were all black. Interim normative data on all tests across two age groups (6 and 7) are presented, and are considered reliable and diagnostically useful in clinical neuropsychological assessment. There were no significant effects for age, sex, English versus Xhosa language or white versus black race groups, on any of the tests with the exception of Digits Backward which yielded marginally lower scores for black Subjects. Although the mean IQ estimate based on the Draw-A-Person test was equivalent across age, sex, English versus Xhosa language and white versus black race groups, an intelligence rating of subjects by teachers revealed that black subjects were evaluated significantly lower than white subjects. This suggests the presence of prejudicial racial attitudes amongst educators in these predominantly English speaking white schools.
7
Ewing, Melissa Cox. "The Effects of Cultural Bias: a Comparison of the WISC-R and the WISC-III". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278695/.
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It has been suggested that the use of standardized intelligence tests is biased against minorities. This study investigates the newly revised Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III in which Wechsler states that the new scale has eliminated biased items. Comparisons of the scores on the WISC-R and the WISC-III of a clinical population of sixteen African American and eighteen Caucasian males, ages ten to sixteen, revealed significant differences between the two groups on the WISC-III. The minority scores decreased predictably from the WISC-R to the WISC-III, but the Caucasian scores increased rather than decreasing. The findings of this study do not support the predictions and goals of revision as stated in the manual of the WISC-III.
8
Weinberg, Laura Bruder. "The Effects of Depression and Anxiety in Children on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition". NSUWorks, 2012. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/cps_stuetd/74.
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Anxiety and depressive disorders are among the most common mental health problems diagnosed in children and adolescents, and numerous theories explaining why children experience these debilitating disorders have been proposed. Established diagnostic criteria that differentiate anxious and depressive symptomatology characterize both groups of disorders as having an adverse effect on the child's academic and social functioning. While research has sought to examine the cognitive effects these disorders have on adults, there is relatively limited research on the cognitive effects in children and adolescents. The available research literature examining effects of anxiety and depression on intelligence test performance is also inconclusive, and there are no studies that characterize the effects of these disorders on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Fourth edition. The purpose of the study was to clarify the effects of childhood anxiety and depression on intelligence test scores using the current fourth edition of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. Participants were selected from an archival database from a neuropsychology clinic and separated into two groups according to clinical diagnosis. No significant differences were found between the children and adolescents diagnosed with clinical disorders and the standardization sample or in idiographic analyses with regard to the WISC-IV Full Scale IQ or the Working Memory Index. The Processing Speed Index was found to be significantly lower than the Verbal Comprehension Index in children diagnosed with major depressive disorder. This finding was not observed in the anxiety disorders group. Examination of component subtest score patterns showed that Coding and Symbol Search were reduced in the depression group. This finding is consistent with previous studies, which suggest that reduced performance on the Processing Speed Index may be attributed to psychomotor retardation in major depressive disorder.
9
Simione, Peter Arno. "Comparative effects for learning disability assessment using the revised and third edition Wechsler intelligence scales for children : validity issues /". Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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10
Martin, Laura Paige. "The Effects of "Game" and "Test" Instructions on the WISC-R Performance of High- and Low-Test-Anxious Children". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500228/.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of "game" and "test" instructions on the intelligence test performance of high- and low-test-anxious children. Eighty-one subjects diagnosed as learning disabled were given the Test Anxiety Scale for Children (TASC) to determine their level of test anxiety. Based on TASC scores, 44 subjects were classified as either fljgj- or low- test-anxious. These subjects were given the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) using either game or test instructions to introduce the test. The resulting 10 and subtest configuration scores were used to compare high- and low-test-anxious subjects by the type of instructions they received prior to testing. This comparison yielded no significant differences between high and low-test-anxious subjects, indicating that the way the WISC-R is Introduced does not play a significant role in the WISC-R performance of high- and low-test-anxious children.
11
Kelly, Esther Ellen Kuhn. "A qualitative analysis of the comprehension subtest of the WISC-R among emotionally handicapped and non-handicapped adolescents". Virtual Press, 1987. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/483383.
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12
York, Jennifer. "Comparison of the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test (K-BIT) and the Wechsler Scale for Children (WISC-IV) with referred students". Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2006. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=622.
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13
Zappia, Irene Antonia. "Cognitive performance of English and Spanish speaking Mexican-American children on the WISC-R and EIWN-R". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184315.
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The purpose of this study was to do a comparative analysis of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R), a test of intelligence which is frequently used with Mexican American students, and its Spanish translation the Escala de Inteligencia Wechsler Para Ninos-Revisada (EIWN-R). The WISC-R was administered in English to 109 bilingual English proficient Mexican American students, and the EIWN-R was administered in Spanish to 109 other than English proficient or monolingual Spanish speakers. Language proficiency was determined according to students scores on the Language Assessment Scales (LAS). The groups were matched by sex, school and grade. Students tested were students who were referred for testing because of academic difficulties or students placed in Special Education classes who are required to be re-evaluated every three years. Using Confirmatory factor analysis, the first objective was to determine if the factor structures underlying the EIWN-R and the WISC-R are equivalent to the factor structure of the WISC-R normative population. The correlation matrices of both groups were compared to the correlation matrix of the normative population. Factor structures of the WISC-R and the normative population were found to be statistically different, while the factor structures of the EIWN-R and the normative group were not found to be different. The second objective was to determine if the subtest means of the WISC-R and EIWN-R were significantly different. To determine this, the subtest means of both groups were subjected to MANOVA. Significant differences between subtest means were found on four of the subtests. A MANOVA was also utilized for the third objective which set out to determine if significant differences in performance are present in the EIWN-R between those students who are placed in Special Education programs and those students who are not placed. So as not to confound the results, the EMR population was removed from the sample. Significant differences in the placed and the non-placed groups were found on eight of the eleven subtests. Implications of research findings are discussed as well as future trends regarding the assessment of language minority students.
14
Huxford, Bonnie L. "Relationships between the California Verbal Learning Test - Children's Version and the Wechsler Intelligence Test for Children - Third Edition". Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1191107.
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This study looked at the relationship between the 27 indices on the California Verbal Learning Test - Children's Version (CVLT-C) and the 19 scores on the Wechsler Intelligence Test for Children - Third Edition (WISC-III). The sample consisted of 58 children, ages 6-16 from a clinical population. The subgroups with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Learning Disabilities (LD), and High Ability (HA) were compared to children with no clinical diagnosis (ND) on WISC-III Full Scale IQ, Verbal IQ, and Performance IQ; on CVLT-C Total Recall Trials 1-5; and on CVLC factors of Attention Span, Learning Efficiency, Free Delayed Recall, Cued Delayed Recall, and Inaccurate Recall. Twelve significant correlations were found between the CVLT-C and WISC-III including Full Scale IQ with Total Recall Trials 1-5, Discriminability, and False Positives; Verbal IQ with False Positives; Vocabulary with Total Recall Trials 1-5; Information with Serial Cluster Ratio; Digit Span with Total Recall Trials 1-5 and Discriminability; Processing Speed with Discriminability and False Positives; and Symbol Search with False Positives, all within the moderate range. In comparing clinical subgroups, children with ADHD did not differ significantly from those without a clinical diagnosis (ND) on any selected measures. Children diagnosed with learning disabilities were significantly lower on Total Recall Trials 1-5, Attention Span, and Cued Delayed Recall. Children with high abilities (HA) were significantly higher on WISC-III Full Scale IQ, Verbal IQ, Performance IQ, CVLT-C Total Recall Trials 1-5, Learning Efficiency, and Free Delayed Recall. This study empirically supported a positive relationship between memory processes and cognitive abilities while also confirming that each are a part of a larger cognitive process.Department of Educational Psychology
15
Bass, Catherine. "Comparability of the WPPSI-R and the Stanford-Binet: Fourth Edition". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500383/.
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The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of children on the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Revised (WPPSI-R) with their performance on the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale: Fourth Edition (SB:FE). One hundred and four children between 3 and 7 years of age were administered both tests. A moderate correlation was found between the WPPSI-R Full Scale IQ and the SB:FE Composite Score with a Pearson product-moment correlation of .46. This correlation suggests that the two tests are not interchangeable measures of children's intelligence. They may measure different, equally important aspects of intelligence. As both tests used are relatively new, the current findings should be considered one step in the accumulation of knowledge about the usefulness of the WPPSI-R.
16
Mullins, James E. "A comparison of performance of students referred for gifted evaluation on the WISC-III and Binet IV". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1172.
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Thesis (Ed. D.)--West Virginia University, 1999.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 182 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 139-143).
17
Nickens, Nicole M. "Impact of intersubtest scatter on predictive validity of WISC-III /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3091949.
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18
Maller, Susan Joyce. "Validity and item bias of the WISC-III with deaf children". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186756.
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The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition (WISC-III) is likely to become the most widely used test of intelligence with deaf children, based on the popularity of the previous versions of the test. Because the test was constructed for hearing children who use spoken English, the following major research questions were asked: (a) Does the WISC-III demonstrate adequate construct validity? and (b) Do specific items exhibit differential item functioning (DIF), and does the nature of the content of each item that exhibits DIF imply that the item is biased? The test was translated into sign language and administered to a total of 110 deaf children at three different sites. The deaf children ranged from ages 8 through 16 (M = 13.25, SD = 2.37), had hearing losses identified as severe or worse, were prelingually deaf, used sign language as their primary means of communication, and were not identified as having any additional handicapping conditions. The sample of deaf children was compared to a sample of 110 hearing children similar in age and Performance IQ. Construct validity was examined using a LISREL multi-sample covariance structure analysis. The covariance structures were different (χ ² (91) = 119.42, p =.024). A Rasch Model was used to detect DIF on the following subtests: Picture Completion, Information, Similarities, Arithmetic, Vocabulary, Comprehension. All of these subtests exhibited DIF, and DIF plus the differences in mean logit ability resulted in numerous items that were more difficult for deaf children on the above Verbal subtests. Item bias was judged by examining the contents of items that exhibited DIF. Items were biased due generally to translation issues and differences in the educational curricula. Thus, deaf children are at a distinct disadvantage when taking these WISC-III subtests. Practitioners are urged to consider these findings when assessing deaf children.
19
Del, Vecchio Tony. "The relationship between the Wechsler intelligence scale for children-revised (WISC-R), a short form (WISC-RSH), and the wide range achievement test (WRAT) in learning disabled students". Virtual Press, 1990. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/724568.
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The purpose of this study was to determine if the Split-Half Short Form WISC-R correlates over time with the WISC-R and whether either of these two separately administered measures of intellectual ability were able to predict academic achievement in a sample of learning disabled students using the WRAT as the criterion variable.The subjects were 100 (71 males, 29 females) students, ages, 6 through 16, selected from a special education learning disabled school population. All the subjects were administered the WISC-R an average of three years prior to the administration of the WISC-RSH and the WRAT.Two hypotheses were specified for the separately administered test forms: No significant difference between corresponding scales of WISC-R and WISC-RSH; and no difference in ability of corresponding WISC-R and WISC-RSH scale scores in predicting academic achievement using the WRAT Reading, Spelling, and Arithmetic standard scores. Pearson Product-Moment correlation analyses were used to determine if a significant relationship existed between Verbal, Performance and Full-Scale IQ scores of the WISC-R and WISC-RSH. Regression analysis procedures were used to determine the predictive validity of each of these measures to the WRAT subscales.The results revealed that the Verbal, Performance and Full Scale IQ scores of the WISC-R and the WISC-RSH were significantly correlated (r=.60, .69, .72, respectively) over the three year period.Indices of predictability obtained from regression procedures revealed that neither test form was able to predict academic achievement using the WRAT scores as the criteria. However, both test forms performed similarly in their predictive ability, with the WISC-RSH demonstrating a slightly better predictive ability than the WISC-R. This can be explained by the fact that the WISC-RSH and WRAT were administered concurrently three years after the WISC-R.Results from this study show promise that the WISC-RSH, Verbal, Performance and Full Scale IQ scores may be used in the re-evaluation assessment process of learning disabled students. It remains open to question whether the WISC-RSH can be used in place of the WISC-R for all special education students in light of what previous studies have demonstrated regarding the WISC-R's ability to predict academic achievement in other exceptional sample populations.Department of Educational Psychology
20
Shafer, Micheal E. Neumann Craig Stephen. "Traumatic brain injury in children and adolescents an evaluation of the WISC-III four factor model and individual cluster profiles /". [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-9033.
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21
Perley-McField, Jo-Anne. "The appropriateness of selected subtests of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, Fourth Edition for hearing impaired children". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29000.
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This study proposed to evaluate the appropriateness of selected subtests of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale: Fourth Edition (SB:FE) for use with severely to profoundly hearing impaired children. The subjects used in this study were enrolled in a residential/day school for the deaf whose educational methodology was Total Communication. The subjects were tested on both the SB:FE nonverbal selected subtests and the Performance Scale of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R PIQ).
To assess appropriateness, several procedures were employed comparing data gathered from the hearing impaired sample with data reported for the standardized population of the SB:FE. Correlations were computed between the WISC-R and the SB:FE and comparisons of the total composite scores for each measure were made to detect any systematic differences.
The results indicated that the correlations reported for the hearing impaired sample are generally similar to the correlations reported for the standardized sample of the SB:FE. The analysis performed between the Area Scores of the SB:FE and the WISC-R PIQ to detect systematic differences revealed a difference of one standard deviation between these two instruments, with the. SB:FE results being lower than the WISC-R PIQ results.
It was concluded that the selected subtests of the SB:FE and the WISC-R PIQ could not be used interchangeably. Further research into this area was advised before using this measure to estimate general cognitive ability for hearing impaired children whose levels of language development may be delayed. Further research was also encouraged to confirm the suggestion of greater predictive validity of the SB:FE with academic measures. It was suggested that these findings indicated that the use of language as a cognitive tool may be important in acquiring certain problem solving skills.Education, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate
22
Antonetti, Robert C. "Determining the Validity of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC) with Learning Disabilities". Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332423/.
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This study investigated the relation of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC) with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Revised (WISC-R) for learning disabled (LD) children, the relation of K-ABC Achievement subtests with other achievement tests, and the relation of verbal and perceptual abilities assessment and the K-ABC. One hundred white, middle to above socioeconomic status (SES), LD students 6 to 12 1/2 years old were administered the K-ABC in addition to the test battery used to identify them. Findings indicated significant differences (2<-01) between WISC-R Full Scale scores and KABC MPC scores, with MPC scores being 3.33 points lower. Significant correlations (2<-01) were found between the following: (a) WISC-R Performance scores and K-ABC Simultaneous scores, (b) K-ABC Sequential and Simultaneous scores, (c) WISC-R Performance and K-ABC Sequential scores, (d) K-ABC Arithmetic and WRAT Arithmetic, and (e) K-ABC Reading Understanding and the following: Woodcock Word Identification, Woodcock Passage Comprehension, WRAT Reading, and Durrell Silent Reading. The study found the MPC correlates higher with tests of perceptual ability than with tests of verbal ability. Results indicate the following: (a) the WISC-R and K-ABC can substitute each other when measuring overall intelligence, (b) the WISC-R and K-ABC do not measure the same abilities, (c) the Sequential-Simultaneous score discrepancy is a poor diagnostic indicator of LD, (d) the discrepancy between the Achievement scale and the K-ABC intelligence scales is a poor diagnostic indicator of LD, (e) the K-ABC Arithmetic subtest is no better and no worse than the WRAT Arithmetic subtest, (f) WRAT Reading, Woodcock Word Identification and K-ABC Reading Recognition are not interchangeable measures of word calling skills, (g) the K-ABC Reading Understanding subtest is as adequate a measure of reading comprehension as other available tests, (h) the MPC is clearly more a measure of perceptual ability than of verbal ability, and (i) the KABC is no more fair a measure to use with LD children than are intelligence tests with a heavy language component.
23
Runciman, Carey Lynn. "A comparative study of the performance of English and Xhosa speaking children on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R)". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007467.
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The purpose of this study was to compare the WISC-R subtest score scatter patterns and obtain preliminary normative data on the WISC-R Adjunctive tests (Digit Span Forward; Digit Span Backward; Digit Supraspan; Coding Immediate Recall and Coding Delayed Recall) on a non-clinical population of South African English (n= 15) and Xhosa (n= 12) speaking, standard six children, studying in English medium schools. Tests were administered to 27 subjects, both male (n=19) and female (n=8), with a mean age of 14.1 years (range = 13.3-15.3). The results show that White English speaking children outperform Black Xhosa speaking children on Verbal, Performance and Full Scale IQs and all subtests, but that these differences tended to disappear when Full Scale IQ and school grade average were controlled for. No subtest score scatter was present for either group although more specific test items appeared to be more difficult for Xhosa speaking subjects and may have contributed to generally lowered scores. Results suggest that caution must be employed in assigning Xhosa speaking South African children to absolute IQ categories. However, the WISC-R has validity for diagnostic use on both White English speaking and Black Xhosa speaking South African children as there was no evidence of a significant Verbal IQ/Performance IQ discrepancy, or significant low subtest scatter for either group. Normative tables are presented for the use of WISC-R Adjunctive tests.KMBT_363
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24
Meis, Shalena R. "Incremental validity of WISC-IV factor scores in predicting academic achievement on the WIAT-II /". View online, 2009. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211131559271.pdf.
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Bickell, Alexa. "WISC-IV test performance of grade 3 Xhosa-speaking children : an extension of a prior South African normative database". Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/5730.
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Introduction. A well-recognized problem exists when commonly employed tests developed in the United States (US) or United Kingdom (UK) are accepted unconditionally for use on local relatively disadvantaged populations, as these tests have questionable validity and therefore incur a high risk of misdiagnosis. Cross-cultural normative research has been conducted in South Africa on some of the Wechsler intelligence scales with respect to participants stratified for level and quality of education, age, race and language, including a study on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) for learners with Grade 7 education (age 12 to 23). The aim of the current study was to conduct a partial duplication of the earlier WISC-IV South African norming study that specifically targeted a younger group of educationally disadvantaged children at a lower level of education. Method. Participants were Black Xhosa-speaking Grade 3 learners in the age range 8 to 9 (N =32 ), who were being schooled in the disadvantaged educational setting of the former Department of Education and Training (former-DET) schools. The WISC-IV results of the current study were statistically compared with the WISC-IV results from Shuttleworth-Edwards, Van der Merwe et al. (2013) study. Results. There was a significant lowering of between 20 to 30 IQ points relative to the UK standardisation on WISC-IV scores for this sample of Grade 3 Xhosa-speaking learners, replicating the earlier outcome for Grade 7 Xhosa-speaking learners relative to the UK standardisation. No differences were in evidence within the WISC-IV sample for the female and male participants on any of the indices. There was equivalence between the Grade 3 and Grade 7 Xhosa-speaking learners on all subtest and Index scores with the exception of the Digit Span subtest. Conclusions. The results confirm prior research indications of the negative impact of educational disadvantage on IQ test results and the need for this to be taken into account by the availability of socio- culturally relevant norms.
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Welch, Jane A. "Predicting academic achievement of hearing impaired students using the Wechsler Performance Scale and the Planning, Attention, Simultaneous, and Successive (PASS) model of cognitive processing /". Connect to resource, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1265301261.
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Ewing, Melissa L. (Melissa Lynn). "An Analysis of the Performance of a Clinical Sample of African American, Caucasian, and Hispanic Children on the WISC-III". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278700/.
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The goals of revision for the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition included enhancement of the factor structure, improvement of subtests, and revision of norms. The researchers reported that the very few items that were found to be biased were replaced. The WISC-III performance of a clinical sample of African American, Caucasian, and Hispanic children was analyzed to determine if the test bias was eliminated as claimed in the goals of the revision.
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Coyle, Edward L. (Edward Louis) 1965. "Precocious Ego Development in Physically Abused Children". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279373/.
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The Rorschach records and Wechsler Intelligence Scale scores of sixty-six children between the ages of 5 and 13 were compared. Subjects in each group were from one of three conditions: children who have documented histories of physical abuse, children referred for clinical intervention with no history of abuse, and a community sample of children with no documented history of abuse or psychological treatment. Data from the groups were analyzed to examine evidence of increased reliance on ego functions related to motor activity and concurrent deficits in other areas of ego function by subjects in the physical abuse group. Results revealed that the physical abuse group showed a greater tendency toward color-dominant responses on the Rorschach than the comparison groups and that the Community control group produced records with lower extended form quality than the clinical groups. No significant differences were found for Performance/Verbal IQ split, EB style, Cooperative Movement or Aggressive content.
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Louison, Korinne Gillian. "Assessing the cross-cultural validity of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (4th edition) for use in Trinidad and Tobago". Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2016. http://research.gold.ac.uk/18733/.
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More than ten years after its publication, there has been no prior attempt to investigate the validity of the WISC-IV (Wechsler, 2003) for use in Trinidad and Tobago (T&T). This thesis is the first to assess the fit of a cross-cultural interpretive model of WISC-IV (US) measured intelligence in T&T children. The primary objectives were to: ascertain the psychometric properties of the WISC-IV (US); determine how the WISC-IV (US) subtests are associated with specified antecedent environmental variables; examine the relationship between WISC-IV(US) global ability and academic achievement; assess the fit of alternative interpretive models; and determine the predictive validity of adjusted IQ scores. Examination of the correlation matrix corroborated five alternative measurement models, with evidence of best fit for a direct hierarchical framework (Watkins et al., 2006). Multiple regression analyses demonstrated significant positive relationships between parental education and verbal comprehension, and between school performance and verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning and global ability. Additionally, environmental deprivation was found to be negatively correlated with performance on all WISC-IV (US) composites. Children with higher global intelligence scores performed better than their low-scoring counterparts on two national tests of academic achievement. School performance was also shown to predict academic achievement in the sample. The results of the structural equation modelling analyses provided support for three distinct measurement models featuring the Wechsler indirect hierarchical model, the Watkins et al. direct hierarchical model, and an author-defined cross cultural direct hierarchical model. The antecedent variables of parental education, school performance and environmental deprivation and the outcome variable or academic achievement added significantly to the model. Adjusted factors scores that were derived from each path model accounted for a significant portion of variance in national test performance. If replicated, the current findings offer potentially useful alternative frameworks for interpreting test performance in T&T children.
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Havey, James Michael. "The relationship among K-ABC and WISC-R scores obtained from learning disabilities referrals : a multiple regression analysis". Virtual Press, 1985. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/441106.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among the various scales of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised. Of particular interest was the degree to which the Wechsler Verbal and Performance IQ's contributed to the prediction of the K-ABC Mental Processing Composite and the K-ABC Achievement score respectively.The subjects were 51 students, aged 8-0 to 12-0, who had been referred for psychoeducational assessment because of suspected learning disabilities. They were evaluated with both the K-ABC and the WISC-R as part of a standard battery.Descriptive statistics and univariate correlations were computed. Multiple regression procedures revealed that significant relationships existed between the composite of predictor variables, the Wechsler Verbal and Performance IQ's, and the criterion variables, the K-ABC Mental Processing Composite and the K-ABC Achievement score when each was considered separately.Stepwise multiple regression procedures indicated that the unique contribution of the Wechsler Verbal IQ to the prediction of the K-ABC Mental Processing Composite was statistically significant. A significant relationship was not found, however, between the Performance IQ and the K-ABC Achievement score when the Verbal IQ had been statistically controlled.
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Norman, Prater Kimberly. "A WISC-III short form and the Woodcock-Johnson III tests of cognitive abilities : correlations with gifted children". Virtual Press, 2004. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1292036.
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The overall purpose of this study was to investigate the nature of the relationship between a recently revised, multidimensional intelligence test (WJ III COG) and a short form of an older, well-established intelligence test (WISC-III) with intellectually gifted children. As such, this study examined the implications of using a theoretically and empirically sound choice (WJ III COG) as compared to a more practical alternative (i.e., WISC-III short form); it also explored the impact of different cut-off and eligibility criteria upon eligibility decisions. Participants were solicited from a group of 75 students who had been nominated for a gifted program at a small elementary school located on the urban fringe of a midsize city in the Midwest. Thirty-five students, ranging in age from 9 years, 2 months to 11 years, 1 month, participated in this study. The sample included 15 students who were admitted into the program and 20 students who were deemed ineligible. The WISC-III short form exhibited a positive relationship with the WJ III COG, as its FSIQ estimate correlated significantly with both the WJ III COG GIA-Std and BIA scores, accounting for approximately 33% and 35% of the variance, respectively. The eligible group performed significantly higher on the WISC-III short form than the WJ III COG, whereas the ineligible group performed consistently across all global measures of intelligence. The eligibility of 46% of the sample varied as a result of the test and restrictiveness of the cut-off criteria. More students were identified as intellectually gifted when flexible, rather than strict, cut-off criteria were used to make eligibility decisions. Moreover, the eligibility of approximately 63% of the participants varied as a result of the test and whether eligibility criteria involved general and specific intellectual abilities or solely general intellectual ability. More students were deemed eligible when general and specific intellectual abilities were considered as compared to decisions based only on general intellectual ability.Department of Educational Psychology
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Scott, Mary Ann Lugo. "A comparison of WISC-R and WISC-III IQ scores and special education placement in samples of Black and White mentally retarded and learning disabled students /". Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Campbell, Krystal. "Correlations between the WISC-IV, SB: V, and the WJ-III Tests of Achievement which has a better relationship with reading achievement? /". Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2006. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=618.
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CONROY, DAVID S. "A COMPARISON OF THE PERFORMANCES OF REEVALUATED AND NEWLY REFERRED LEARNING-DISABLED STUDENTS AND NEWLY REFERRED NON - LEARNING-DISABLED STUDENTS ON THE WECHSLER INTELLIGENCE SCALES FOR CHILDREN - REVISED AND THE WOODCOCK-JOHNSON TESTS OF COGNITIVE ABILITY". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184152.
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There has been much controversy concerning the comparability of the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children-Revised (WISC-R) and the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Ability (WJTCA). Previous research has raised the issue of a mean score discrepancy between the tests when used with the learning disabled. This study analyzed and compared performances on these two tests by re-evaluated and newly referred LD students and newly referred non-LD students. In addition, subtypes of LD students were formed on the basis of achievement test scores. These students' test performances were also analyzed and compared. The results of this study were consistent with previous research. The Full Scale scores from the two tests were highly correlated in all three groups, but the WISC-R was significantly higher than the WJTCA for each group. Across the identified LD subtypes there was a significant difference between the Full Scale scores from the two tests. However, meaningful patterns of strengths and weaknesses across aspects of cognitive functioning were not uncovered. These results indicate that the WISC-R and WJTCA result in significantly different estimates of the cognitive ability of LD and referred students. This difference can be attributed to a combination of three possible explanations--the effects of the use of non-random samples, the use of different norm groups when the tests were standardized, and the tests contain different content.
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Miller, Mark. "The relationship between Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children -- revised variability of subtest scaled scores and reading achievement gain as measured by the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Educational Achievement -- revised in children with learning disabilities". Scholarly Commons, 1994. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2281.
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This study identified a sample of children with specific learning disabilities according to Public Law 94-142 criteria. The primary purpose of the study was to examine whether sample member's intravariability of WISC-R subtest scaled scores was related to their reading achievement gain. A second purpose was to determine if any relationship existed between intelligence and reading achievement gain. Eighty-four Resource placed elementary students composed the study sample. They ranged from six to eleven years of age, and were primarily male caucasian. Since 1989, each sample member had been administered the WISC-R once; and , each sample member had been administered the WJTEA-R twice, with at least 12 months separating the two administrations . Results identified no relationship between WSIC-R subtest scaled score scatter and reading achievment gain on the WJTEA-R. A positive correlation was identified be tween intelligence level and academic gains in reading. Important ancillary correlations of significance identified for all subjects included a negative relationship be tween the variable Age and the variables Intelligence , Academic gain, and the WISC-R FD factor . When intelligence was held to within average parameters significant correlations were identified between the variable Achievement and the variables Age and Time (negative), and with the WISC-R FD and VC factors (positive) . Multiple regression analyses indicated the FD factor best able to predict academic gain for this group. It is probable, that in the identification of learning disabled students, that the identification of processing disorders (as with previously sought patterns) is not viable. It may be that the only key characteristics are intellectual level and severe discrepancy.
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Pace, Deborah Faith. "An Analysis of Item Bias in the WISC-R with Kainaiwa Native Canadian Children". DigitalCommons@USU, 1995. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6076.
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The present study examined the responses of 332 Kainai students ranging in age from 6 to 16 years to the Information, Arithmetic, and Picture Completion subtests of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) in order to determine the validity of these subtests as a measure of their intelligence. Two indices of validity were assessed: (a) subtest unidimensionality, and (b) order of item difficulty. With regard to the assumption of unidimensionality, examination of the data indicated low item-factor loadings on the Information, Arithmetic, and Picture Completion subtests. Examination of difficulty parameters revealed a nonlinear item difficulty order on all three subtests.
These results support the conclusion of previous research that the WISC-R does not adequately assess the intelligence of Native children. Possible bases for the invalidity of the WISC-R for this population are discussed and recommendations for future research are presented.
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Shaw, Lindsay Anne. "The Relationship Between the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition and the Woodcock-Johnson III Tests of Cognitive Abilities in a Clinically Referred Pediatric Population". NSUWorks, 2010. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/cps_stuetd/65.
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This research involves an investigation of the construct validity of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-; Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) when compared to the Woodcock-Johnson III Tests of Cognitive Abilities (WJ III COG) to provide evidence for the utility of using the WISC-IV in assessing cognitive abilities according to the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory. The study was conducted using archival data consisting of 92 children and adolescents between the ages of 6 years and 16 years, 11 months referred for a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation at a university-affiliated assessment center. Data for all participants were collected following administration of a battery of measures as part of a neuropsychological evaluation, with tests administered in no particular order. The mean age of children was 9.82 years (SD= 2.81) with a mean grade level of 3.95 (SD= 2.63). Ten hypotheses were investigated specifically to examine the comparability of the general intellectual functioning scores for each battery among a sample of children with neuropsychiatric disorders, as well as to examine the convergent and discriminate validity of the WISC-IV index scores. The first hypothesis utilized a paired samplest&n-test and found that the WISC-IV Full Scale IQ score was significantly below that of the WJ III COG General Intellectual Ability-Extended score. For the remaining hypotheses, Pearson product-moment correlations revealed large correlations between the WISC-IV and WJ III COG convergent constructs of general intellectual functioning, comprehension-knowledge, fluid reasoning, working memory, and processing speed. For correlations between divergent constructs, the WISC-IV Verbal Comprehension Index and the WJ III COG Visual-Spatial Thinking (Gv) factor demonstrated a large correlation. Both the WISC-IV Processing Speed Index and Working Memory Index correlated moderately with the WJ III COGGvfactor, while the WISC-IV Perceptual Reasoning Index correlated moderately with the WJ III COG Auditory Processing factor. Fisher's r to Z transformation was used to assess for significant differences between the observed correlations and stipulated values determined. Results indicated that correlations between the global IQ, fluid reasoning, and short-term memory composite scores of the two measures were significantly greater than that found for the WISC-III and WJ III COG, while the relationship between the verbal ability and processing speed composite scores were consistent with past findings. Correlations between divergent constructs revealed a reliable pattern of significantly greater relationships than was found for research concerning the WISC-III and WJ III COG. Primarily, results of this study provided evidence that the substantive changes made to the WISC-IV have improved the ability to interpret the Full Scale IQ score as a measure of general intelligence similar to that obtained by the WJ III COG. However, the global IQ scores between the two measures cannot be assumed to be equivalent among children with neuropsychiatric disorders. Results also suggested that the WISC-IV appears to provide improved measurement of the CHC broad abilities of fluid reasoning (Gf) and short-term memory (Gsm). Correlations between divergent constructs provided evidence for relationships between cognitive abilities suggested to be significantly related to academic achievement. This study concluded that research findings for the WISC-III cannot be applied conclusively to the WISC-IV and that the substantive changes made to the WISC-IV have improved the ability to interpret the battery under the CHC framework. However, findings underscore the importance of examining performance across second-order factors that may contribute to differences in general intelligence, as well as remaining aware of differences in narrow ability constructs measured, task demands, or shared variance between subtests when making interpretations of test performance.
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Wheeler, Paula Theisler. "A Study of the Effect of a Child's Physical Attractiveness upon Verbal Scoring of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (Revised) and upon Personality Attributions". DigitalCommons@USU, 1985. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5937.
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The purpose of this research was to investigate possible examiner bias in scoring the Verbal subtests of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (Revised) due to the level of facial attractiveness of the child. Sex of the child and sex of the research subject were also included as independent variables. No main effect for attractiveness or sex x attractiveness interactions were found. Thus, little evidence emerged to suggest attractiveness stereotyping effects in an intelligence testing context. However, female children received significantly higher Comprehension and total Verbal scores than did male children. In addition, while male subjects did not provide differential Verbal scores for male and female children, female subjects tended to be biased toward female children, regardless of attractiveness level. A secondary goal of this study was to determine if the research subjects differentially attributed positive characteristics to attractive versus unattractive children. Indeed, it was empirically established that, in this testing environment, adults attributed more positive personality and social characteristics to attractive than unattractive children. Implications for clinicians/diagnosticians are discussed. It is suggested that future research attempt to delineate a continuum of diagnostic measures wherein one pole represents objective measures with little risk of bias and the other pole is the extreme of subjective instruments with high resk of examiner bias.
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Batchelor, Ervin S. "Neuropsychological aspects of arithmetic performance in children with learning disorders". Virtual Press, 1989. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/558341.
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The present study investigated the neuropsychological predictors of auditory/verbal and visual/written arithmetic performance in a large sample of children with learning disorders. In addition, the efficacy of a cognitive based arithmetic problem solving model (Dinnel, Glover, & Halpain, in press; Dinnel, Glover, & Ronning, 1984) in accounting for neuropsychological functioning in arithmetic performance was considered. Subjects were from a small midwestern school district, and were identified as learning disabled in accord with state (i.e., Rule S-1) and federal guidelines (i.e., PL-94-142). Specifically, subjects' scores on the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery (HRNB) (Reitan, 1969) for older children and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) (Wechsler, 1974) were used to predict performance on the Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT) Arithmetic subtest, and WISC-R Arithmetic subtest. Analyses were conducted with criterion measures considered separately and as a composite. In an attempt to examine the utility of the Dinnel et al., (in press; 1984) model, a simple index was formed using the criterion measures. This index was then predicted using the HRNB and WISC-R variables. Neuropsychological variables were found to account for some 31%, and 36% of the variability in visual/written and auditory/verbal arithmetic performance, respectively. However, neuropsychological variables accounted for some 87% of the shared variance when arithmetic measures were considered as a linear composite. Neuropsychological variables predicted a mere 12% of the variability associated with the index designed to test the Dinnel et al. (in press; 1984) arithmetic problem solving model. These data offered some support to Dinnel and others' (Dinnel et al., in press; 1984) formulations accounting for arithmetic performance under visual/stimulus conditions. However, the present findings indicated a more complex neuropsychological underpinning for overall arithmetic problem solving. Moreover, the neuropsychological constructs predicting arithmetic scores varied as a function of the stimulus/performance modes required for problem solving.Auditory-verbal attention and short-term memory, remote verbal memory, symbolic language integration, mental flexibility, and nonverbal abstract reasoning were the common neuropsychological constructs underpinning both auditory/verbal and visual/written arithmetic performance. Verbal facility, verbal abstract reasoning, nonverbal short term memory, and nonverbal concrete concept formation were uniquely implicated in auditory/verbal arithmetic performance. Visual/written arithmetic performance was uniquely related to nonverbal attention and intermediate nonverbal memory functions. In overview, it would seem that neuropsychological measures would be clinically useful in identifying deficits underlying poor arithmetic performance.Department of Educational Psychology
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Schmitt, Ara J. Swerdlik Mark E. Wodrich David L. "The ability of theory based assessment to discriminate among children with brain impairments". Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p3064501.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 2001.Title from title page screen, viewed March 14, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Mark E. Swerdlik (chair), David L. Wodrich (co-chair), Valeri Farmer-Dougan, Alvin House. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [106]-117) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Shafer, Micheal E. "Traumatic Brain Injury in Children and Adolescents: An Evaluation of the WISC-III Four Factor Model and Individual Cluster Profiles". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9033/.
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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and disability among children and adolescents in the US. Children and adolescents who sustain moderate and severe head injuries are much more likely to evidence significant deficits in neuropsychological functioning when compared with children with mild head injuries. Information about the recovery process and functional sequelae associated with moderate and severe head injuries remains limited, despite clear indications that children who experience such injuries typically exhibit notable deficits in intellectual functioning, particularly during the acute phase of recovery. Thus, the present study was conducted to augment research on intellectual functioning in children with moderate or severe head injuries. To accomplish this, the study first examined the proposed factor model of the WISC-III in children with moderate and severe TBI. Given high prevalence rates and similar trends in cognitive impairment, particularly within the frontal lobe structures (e.g., disrupted cognitive flexibility and divided attention), the study also examined this same factor model for a group of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and compared it with the model fit from the TBI group. In the second phase of the study, both the TBI and AHDH groups were evaluated to determine if distinct WISC-III index score cluster profiles could be identified. Lastly, the cluster groups for both the TBI and ADHD samples were validated using important demographic and clinical variables, as well as scores from independent neuropsychological measures of attention, executive functioning, and working memory. Parent reports of psychological and behavioral functioning were also used in an attempt to further distinguish the cluster groups. Study limitations and future research implications were also discussed.
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Hernandez, Colleen H. (Colleen Head). "Comparability of WPPSI-R and Slosson Tests as a Function of the Child's Ethnicity". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501229/.
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The purpose of this study was two-fold. First, this study compared the performance of children on the WPPSI-R with their performance on the Slosson Intelligence Test. Secondly, this study explored the comparability of minority and non-minority students' scores on the WPPSI-R. Seventy five children between 3 and 7 years of age were administered the WPPSI-R and Slosson. Of this sample, 25 children were White, 25 children were Black, and 25 children were Mexican American. Low, but significant correlations were found between WPPSI-R and Slosson scores. The Vocabulary subscale of the WPPSI-R correlated highest, while the Geometric Design subscale correlated the lowest with the Slosson test scores. Further analyses indicated that White children obtained significantly higher scores on the WPPSI-R than both Black and Mexican American children.
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Harbeitner, Mary Hilado. "Differences in IQ Scores, Referral Source and Presenting Problem Between Boys and Girls Diagnosed ADD-H". Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501014/.
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The purpose of this research was to investigate the possibility that there are sex differences between ADD-H boys and girls. ADD-H boys and girls were compared on the four variables of presenting problem, referral source, intelligence test performance on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) and WISC-R subtest configuration. General demographics of the ADD-H boys and girls families were also examined. The subjects participating in this study were 39 girls and 41 boys from a large child outpatient facility in the Dallas/Fort Worth metroplex diagnosed as ADD-H between February 1984 and February 1986. No differences were found when comparing ADD-H boys and girls on all four variables. These results may suggest that there are no real differences in regards to presenting problem, referral source, IQ scores and subtest configuration between boys and girls diagnosed ADD-H.
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Williams, Bryan Thomas. "An investigation of the attitudes of juvenile delinquents toward vocational education and work in relation to intelligence, length of time spent in vocational education, length of incarceration, and age /". Access abstract and link to full text, 1993. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/9412552.
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Van, der Merwe Adele. "A comparison of WISC-IV test performance for Afrikaans, English and Xhosa speaking South African grade 7 learners". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002585.
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his study builds on South African cross-cultural research which demonstrated the importance of careful stratification of multicultural/multilingual normative samples for quality of education in respect of English and African language (predominantly Xhosa) speaking adults and children tested with the WAIS-III and WISC-IV, respectively. The aim of the present study was to produce an expanded set of preliminary comparative norms on the WISC-IV for white and coloured Afrikaans, white English and black Xhosa speaking Grade 7 children, aged 12 to 13 years, stratified for advantaged versus disadvantaged education. The results of this study replicate the findings of the prior South African cross-cultural studies in respect of quality of education, as groups with advantaged private/former Model C schooling outperformed those with disadvantaged former DET or HOR township schooling. Furthermore, a downward continuum of WISC-IV IQ test performance emerged as follows: 1) white English advantaged (high average), 2) white Afrikaans advantaged and black Xhosa advantaged (average), 3) coloured Afrikaans advantaged (below average), 4) black Xhosa disadvantaged (borderline), and 5) coloured Afrikaans disadvantaged (extremely low). The present study has demonstrated that while language and ethnic variables reveal subtle effects on IQ test performance, quality of education has the most significant effect – impacting significantly on verbal performance with this effect replicated in respect of the FSIQ. Therefore caution should be exercised in interpreting test results of individuals from different language/ethnic groups, and in particular those with disadvantaged schooling, as preliminary data suggest that these individuals achieve scores which are 20 – 35 points lower than the UK standardisation.
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Robinson, Gina Lea. "Test anxiety as a moderator in the prediction of school achievement from measured ability". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1071.
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Van, Tonder Phia. "WISC-IV performance of South African grade 7 English and Xhosa speaking children with advantaged versus disadvantaged education". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003920.
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Research reveals that the level as well as the quality of education plays a role in the determination of an individual's intellectual capacity. Substantial differences in quality of education for black and white individuals were experienced in South Africa due to Apartheid. Compared to the traditionally white Private and Model C schools, Township/ DET schools had limited resources, as well as a separate syllabus and examination system, a situation that has not improved substantially since democratisation in 1994. Research on black South African adults with the WAIS-III has confirmed significant influences on IQ in association with exposure to either such advantaged (Private/Model C) schooling, or disadvantaged (Township/DET) schooling. However to date there has been no published research on the use of the Wechsler intelligence tests on a black South African child population similarly stratified for quality of education. Therefore, for the purposes of this study, the latest Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV) was administered to a sample of 36 Grade 7 learners between the ages of 12-13 (mean 13.01 years), stratified for quality of education to form three comparative groups. Data analyses revealed significant differences on the WISC-IV Factor Indices and Full Scale IQ with the English speaking Private/Model C school group performing the best, followed by the Xhosa speaking Private/ Model C school group, and the Xhosa speaking Township/ DET school group performing the worst. This continuum of lowering is understood to occur abreast of a continuum of decreased exposure to relatively advantaged education. These normative indications are considered to have vital implications for the use of the WISC-IV in the South African cross-cultural situation where vastly differential educational opportunities continue to exist.
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Brulot, Magali Marie-Pierre. "The detection of biased responding on the Wechsler Memory Scale- III and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale- III". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ62508.pdf.
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Donnelly, Martin Joseph Rhodes. "The effects of level and quality of education on a South African sample of English and African first language speakers, for WAIS-III digit symbol-incidental learning". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002474.
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This study examined the effects of level and quality of education on WAIS-III Digit Symbol-Incidental Learning performance. The Pairing and Free Recall measures were administered to a South African sample (N = 68, age range 19-30), which was stratified for English and African language, level of education attained (Grade 12s and Graduates) and quality of education (advantaged and disadvantaged schooling). Results yielded no significant main or interaction effects between acculturation factors of level and quality of education. Normative guidelines of 13 or more pairs and 8 or more free recall symbols, appropriate to a non-clinical sample in a multicultural setting, are provided. Digit Symbol-Incidental Learning proved to be a culture-fair test, which contributes to its clinical utility as a sensitive memory screening tool.
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Rust, Annegret L. "The development of a WAIS-III short form for use in South Africa". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002556.
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The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - 3rd Edition (WAIS-III) is the newest of the internationally recognised Wechsler family of intelligence tests. It has been improved in terms of its psychometric properties, neuropsychological assessment abilities and its content. This test is in the process of being standardised by the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) in South Africa. As the adapted South African version will be available shortly for use in the multicultural circumstances of South Africa, the application of the various aspects of this test needs to be investigated. This test is very comprehensive and thorough, however its one disadvantage is that it takes on average three hours to administer in its entirety. Thus there is a need to find ways in which to abbreviate the test for particular purposes when time is limited, for example in research, brief clinical assessments or neuropsychological screenings. The concept of abbreviating tests, including the earlier Wechsler intelligence test can be traced back to 1917, when it was asked if all the items on the Binet-Simon scale were required to give an accurate assessment of IQ (Levy, 1968). Since then there have been many short form suggestions made, with many different considerations in mind. These can be divided into two main approaches or methods. Firstly, the number of subtests of the scale can be reduced. Thus with the WAIS-III which consists of 14 subtests in total, an option is to use, for example only four of the subtests to get an estimate of a person's IQ. Secondly, the number of items in each subtest can be reduced. Thus only half the items or even only a third of the items on a subtest can be administered to get an estimate of the persons' performance on each subtest and in this way estimate their overall IQ. Both methods have been used on the WAIS and WAIS-R, although the reduction of the subtests is favoured. Both should now be validated and considered for use with the WATS-III in South Africa. Wechsler tests and their constituent subtests have been found to be differentially effected by race, education, language and socio-economic status (Kaufman, McLean & Reynolds, 1988; Nell 1999). These differences have also been found to impact on the short forms which are suggested, as certain subtests are considered to be more biased towards particular groups than others. Vocabulary and Block Design in particular bias testees who are not as westernised or acculturated towards a largely American and European culture (Kaufman, McLean & Reynolds, 1988). These differences, although often ascribed to race, language or socio-economic status can best be understood more broadly in terms of degree of acculturation (i.e. westernisation) (Shuttleworth-Jordan, 1996) and test-wiseness (Nell, 1999). In South Africa in particular, with its extreme cultural diversity these factors need to be carefully considered when developing short forms. In the present study the development of a short form appropriate to South Africa's diverse cultural circumstances will be approached, through a sample which has been stratified according to gender, first language (English vs. African), quality of schooling received (Private/Model C vs. DET) and level of education achieved (Matric vs. Graduate). Both a subtest reduction method and an item reduction method will be considered to arrive at a short form. The subtest reduction method will be considered further in an attempt to clarify which subtests would be more or less appropriate to include in a short form considering group differences. Finally the thesis will develop suggestions as to which short forms would be best for use in South Africa.