Bibliografias temáticas / Water resources management Singapore

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Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Water resources management Singapore"

Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021
Última modificação: 1 de fevereiro de 2022

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Water resources management Singapore"

1

Vincent, Lenouvel, Lafforgue Michel, Chevauché Catherine e Rhétoré Pauline. "The energy cost of water independence: the case of Singapore". Water Science and Technology 70, n.º 5 (26 de junho de 2014): 787–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.290.

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Finding alternative resources to secure or increase water availability is a key issue in most urban areas. This makes the research of alternative and local water resources of increasing importance. In the context of political tension with its main water provider (Malaysia), Singapore has been implementing a comprehensive water policy for some decades, which relies on water demand management and local water resource mobilisation in order to reach water self-sufficiency by 2060. The production of water from alternative resources through seawater desalination or water reclamation implies energy consumptive technologies such as reverse osmosis. In the context of increasing energy costs and high primary energy dependency, this water self-sufficiency objective is likely to be an important challenge for Singapore. The aim of this paper is to quantify the long-term impact of Singapore's water policy on the national electricity bill and to investigate the impact of Singapore's projects to reduce its water energy footprint. We estimate that 2.0% of the Singaporean electricity demand is already dedicated to water and wastewater treatment processes. If its water-energy footprint dramatically increases in the coming decades, ambitious research projects may buffer the energy cost of water self-sufficiency.
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Peng, Cheng Yao, e Jie Zhang. "Addressing Urban Water Resource Scarcity in China from Water Resource Planning Experiences of Singapore". Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (janeiro de 2012): 1213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.1213.

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The world wide water crisis we are facing nowadays is no longer how to acquire new water resource, but rather how to manage the available water resource. The water resource management practices in China are still under the guidance following conventional mindset and compliances. It was yet brought up to people’s attention that water resource planning is a crucial element of urban planning, not to mention the effort that should be spent in investigating and exploring the potential value of water to economy, esthetics and social development. This paper introduced the practices of Singapore government in managing its local water resources, i.e. recovery of the polluted water environment in its early years, integrated planning of catchment and reservoirs for stormwater storage, acquiring new resource to supplement and replacing conventional water resource, establishing public outreach network for water demand management and water resource protection, adopting water sensitive urban design to rediscover the added value of water resource to urban development, etc. By reviewing the mechanism of Singapore’s practices on sustainable planning, the existing urban water resources shortage situation in China would be addressed and suggestion for urban water resource sustainable planning and use would also be given.
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Jin, Chun Jiu, Hai Feng Lu, Yi Zhang, Ajay Kumar Jha e Shu Li Liu. "Study on Advanced Management of Water Resource". Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (outubro de 2013): 1046–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.1046.

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This work introduced water resource management of some developed countries such as the USA, Australia, Japan, Germany, France, etc. The countries developed individual water resources management models based on their own conditions. In America, a coordinative mode between region and river basin was formed. The Japanese muti-flood control mode which clarified the responsibilities of the administration and local government enhanced the management. Singapore owns a unique management mode, which effectively guaranteed the implementation of water resource management. This work offers references to the formation of water resource management modes suitable for different countries.
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Xi, Xi, e Kim Leng Poh. "Using System Dynamics for Sustainable Water Resources Management in Singapore". Procedia Computer Science 16 (2013): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2013.01.017.

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Michele Y.C. Chew, Chihiro Watanabe e Yuji Tou. "Technology Leapfrogging: Findings from Singapore's Water Industry". Journal of Technology Management for Growing Economies 1, n.º 2 (25 de outubro de 2010): 29–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/jtmge.2010.12011.

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This paper illustrates Singapore’s strategy in catching up with global water treatment nations. Water is an important economic resource for Singapore, creating value-added jobs and stimulating research and development in various related technology trajectories. The analysis shows that from a nation lacking in competence in the water industry, Singapore has successfully transformed herself into a global hydrohub, exporting indigenous capabilities and offering consultancy for water projects. With long-term government policies and funding support for initial R&D and subsequent industry R&D inducement by means of the introduction of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) programme, Singapore has been able to build up her competence in waste water treatment. This is probably the first paper that analyses the development of the water industry in Singapore from the management of technology and policy perspectives.
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Jensen, Olivia, e Sreeja Nair. "Integrated Urban Water Management and Water Security: A Comparison of Singapore and Hong Kong". Water 11, n.º 4 (16 de abril de 2019): 785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11040785.

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Integrated Urban Water Management (IUWM) has emerged in the past two decades as a promising approach to the application of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) principles at the city-level. IUWM is expected to contribute to the achievement of multiple policy objectives, often including increased water security. This paper uses a case-based approach to study the impact of IUWM on water security, focusing on the influence of the level of institutionalization of IUWM within water governance at the city-level. Process tracing is applied to the cases of Singapore and Hong Kong, in which IUWM has been adopted but implementation and outcomes have diverged. We find that the depth of institutionalization, a difference between the two cases identified at the outset, has contributed to the achievement of better water security outcomes in Singapore as it has facilitated the development and implementation of a more far-reaching strategy. A supportive governance framework appears to amplify the impact of IUWM on progress towards water security and other policy targets.
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Chen, Deh Chien, Cedo Maksimovic e Nikolaos Voulvoulis. "Institutional capacity and policy options for integrated urban water management: a Singapore case study". Water Policy 13, n.º 1 (14 de janeiro de 2011): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2010.073.

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Singapore is an exemplary model of integrated water management, according to the World Health Organization, and its experiences can be shared with others. Water security is not just the government's responsibility but has become everyone's business. Singapore has been selected as a case study for integrated urban water management (IUWM), and the methodologies used in Singapore, a developed city state, may be applicable elsewhere. An integrated regulatory framework, sound policies to control and implement programmes, public-private partnership in water services delivery, and stakeholder participation at all levels are necessary to make integrated water resource management successful. This paper demonstrates how Singapore has successfully turned its vulnerability with regard to water into a strength. Singapore can achieve greater sustainability if it promotes rooftop rainwater harvesting as a decentralized, dual-mode water supply system for non-potable use.
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Chintraruck, Alin. "Contemporary Water Management Issues in Thailand in Comparative Perspective". Journal of Social and Development Sciences 4, n.º 5 (30 de maio de 2013): 218–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v4i5.755.

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Water management is a complex and multifarious issue that joins together a wide range of different problems and approaches. Since water is essential to human life, governments must make efforts to ensure that everyone receives the water necessary but, at the same time, they have to wrestle with the fact that water is a scarce resource that must be priced for consumption under conditions of constantly increasing demand from cities, industry, agriculture and tourism. Examination of three case studies, Australia, Singapore and Japan, indicates that contemporary water management issue may be considered in a number of categories and analysis has taken place on four such categories. These are global climate change, disaster mitigation, political and legal modernization and allocation of water resources. The case studies inform the discussion of water management practices and prospects for Thailand and it is shown that the country is progressing towards the examples represented by the more developed and advanced countries insofar as it is ever possible to import a water management solution into the very specific geographical, hydrological, social, political and cultural conditions in effect in a specific location.
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Zhang, Stephen X., e Vladan Babovic. "A real options approach to the design and architecture of water supply systems using innovative water technologies under uncertainty". Journal of Hydroinformatics 14, n.º 1 (12 de abril de 2011): 13–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2011.078.

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Water supply has become a priority for developed and developing nations of the world. Conventional water resources alone cannot meet the growing demand for water in urban cities. Management of the problem is amplified by uncertainty associated with different development strategies. Singapore has limited conventional water resources and progressively architects its water supply system through acquiring and sustaining multiple (alternative) water resources through innovative technologies. The full rationale and merits of such a policy cannot be properly understood based on traditional project valuation methods alone. This paper provides decision support using a real options approach by evaluating innovative water technologies from multiple perspectives under uncertainty. This paper demonstrates that incorporating innovative water technologies into water supply systems can concurrently improve water supply from the financial, political and socioeconomic perspectives. The development of innovative water technologies provides flexibility to the water supply system, and is a fundamental and effective means of risk management. The evaluation of innovative water technologies is based on an integrated real options approach, which provides decision support for architecting water supply systems under uncertainty. The approach gives specific tangible values for the water technologies and complements the general prescriptive Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) framework.
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Vanham, D. "How much water do we really use? A case study of the city state of Singapore". Water Supply 11, n.º 2 (1 de abril de 2011): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2011.043.

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The observed and predicted increase in urban population in the world is creating and will further create severe stress on existing water infrastructures and available water resources. Singapore's population has increased from about 1 million people in the 1950s to almost 5 million currently. The city state has invested massively in a sustainable water supply system, and is regarded by many as a role model for future cities with respect to this topic. Solutions like water reuse, desalination and water demand management have already been implemented. However, city dwellers use much more additional water in the form of virtual water. Their actual water footprint is much higher than only domestic water. Water required for the generation of agricultural and industrial products are imported to cities, and can put a heavy burden on water resources in surrounding and even distant (rural) regions. The city state provides a unique opportunity to analyse virtual water consumption for a city, as required statistical data are available through the national Department of Statistics. For other cities such detailed data are rarely available. Mostly these data are only provided on a national level. This analysis provides a quantification of the actual water use of a future city. The paper describes whether the consumption of agricultural products (in the sense of water for food) is also sustainable in Singapore. The agricultural products that contribute largely to the total water footprint of Singapore – wheat, rice, livestock products and cotton–are analysed and discussed in detail. A sustainable city of the future should account for its impacts beyond its borders. Whether the world can provide for the water and food for an increasing population highly depends on consumption patterns within future cities.
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Mais fontes

Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Water resources management Singapore"

1

Tang, Sidney. "Substainable water resource management in Singapore". Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envt164.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 61-64. This thesis reviews the sustainability of water resource management in Singapore and adequacy of the water conservation efforts put up by its government, population and industries. The write-up deliberates on the various trans-national water issues faced by the small Republic, interactions within its water sector and with the rest of the economy, management of its water supply and demand, as well as the various problems and challenges confronted by the country. This study is intended to highlight the relative wisdom of reducing water demand over pursuing supply solutions.
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Junior, Mario Masaru Sakaguti. "Gestão, governança e uso das águas no Brasil e em Singapura: um estudo dos casos da ilha principal de Singapura e das bacias hidrográficas dos rios Piracicaba, Capivari e Jundiaí, SP/MG". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-09112016-143203/.

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Singapura e as bacias hidrográficas dos rios Piracicaba, Capivari e Jundiaí (PCJ), Brasil, possuem como características comuns populações de cerca de 5,5 milhões de pessoas, altos índices de urbanização e industrialização e situações críticas de disponibilidade hídrica. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa é investigar e comparar a gestão, a governança e o uso das águas na ilha principal de Singapura e nas Bacias PCJ, a partir de dados obtidos por meio de trabalhos de campo, pesquisas bibliográfica e documental e entrevistas semiestruturadas com cidadãos, profissionais e pesquisadores de ambos os países. Em Singapura, foram realizadas 52 entrevistas no total, sendo 33 cidadãos, 5 profissionais, 6 pesquisadores e 8 brasileiros. Nas Bacias PCJ, foram realizadas 45 entrevistas, sendo 27 cidadãos, 8 profissionais, 7 pesquisadores e 3 singapurianos. Foram percebidas semelhanças nos usos domésticos da água dos dois contextos, como a ênfase no seu valor econômico, o acesso fácil e conveniente a esse bem, e indícios de uma baixa influência das diferenças culturais de diferentes grupos étnicos nos níveis de consumo de água, que tendem a ser mais influenciados pela classe socioeconômica, infraestrutura doméstica, estilos de vida e costumes familiares e individuais. Nas Bacias PCJ, ainda há a presença marcante de uma cultura da abundância. A comparação dos dois casos é notável, pois trata-se, por um lado, de uma gestão centralizada e não participativa que gerou bons resultados num intervalo relativamente curto de tempo, e, por outro, de uma gestão descentralizada e participativa que, apesar de muito bem avaliada no contexto nacional, ainda possui uma série de insuficiências, falhas e fragilidades. Os casos estudados reforçam a ideia de que adversidades podem se transformar em vantagens, como em Singapura, e condições ambientalmente favoráveis podem se transformar em desvantagens, como nas Bacias PCJ. Ficou evidente que o principal fator que contribuiu para o sucesso da gestão das águas em Singapura foi o governo. Lee Kuan Yew é mencionado como mentor das políticas de desenvolvimento global de Singapura, incluindo a gestão das águas. Ele buscou conciliar desenvolvimento econômico e proteção ambiental, despoluiu todos os rios da ilha e promoveu o uso de fontes alternativas de água para aumentar a autonomia hídrica do país. Contudo, o caráter autoritário de seu governo e das medidas adotadas é questionável de um ponto de vista democrático. Apesar das Bacias PCJ estarem entre as mais avançadas do Brasil em termos da aplicação dos instrumentos da Lei 9.433/97, ainda não foram gerados todos os benefícios econômicos, sociais e a ambientais esperados e ainda há lacunas de governança que dificultam a implementação efetiva da gestão das águas. É necessário superar a visão da água como bem abundante e ilimitado, a contradição entre proteção ambiental e crescimento econômico, a organização política vigente, a corrupção, a falta de vontade política, as insuficiências no desenvolvimento urbano e o déficit de infraestrutura adequada.
Singapore and the river basins of Piracicaba, Capivari and Jundiaí rivers (PCJ), Brazil, have populations of about 5.5 million people, high rates of urbanization and industrialization and critical situations in terms of water availability. The objective of this research is to investigate and to compare water management, governance and usage in the main island of Singapore and the PCJ river basins, based on data collected by field work, bibliographic and documentary research and semi-structured interviews with citizens, professionals and researchers from both countries. In Singapore, there were 52 interviews in total, 33 citizens, 5 professionals, 6 researchers and 8 Brazilians. In the PCJ river basins, 45 interviews were conducted, 27 citizens, 8 professionals, 7 researchers and 3 Singaporeans. Similarities were perceived in the domestic water usage of both contexts, as the emphasis on its economic value, easy and convenient access. There is evidence of a low influence of cultural differences of different ethnic groups in the level of water consumption, which tends to be more influenced by socioeconomic conditions, domestic infrastructure, lifestyles and family and individual habits. In the PCJ river basins, there is a strong presence of a culture of abundance. The comparison of the two cases is remarkable. On the one hand, a centralized and nonparticipative management style that generated good results in a relatively short period of time, and, on the other hand, a decentralized and participative management style which is highly evaluated in the national context, but it also has a number of shortcomings, faults and weaknesses. The case study reinforces the idea that adversities can be turned into advantages, such as in Singapore, and environmentally favorable conditions can be turned into disadvantages, such as in the PCJ Basins. It was evident that the main factor contributing to the success of the water management in Singapore was the government. Lee Kuan Yew is mentioned as the mentor of Singapore\'s overall development policies, including water management. He sought to reconcile economic development and environmental protection, to clean up all the rivers of the island and to promote the use of alternative sources of water to increase water autonomy in the country. However, the authoritarian government and its measures are questionable from a democratic point of view. Despite the PCJ river basins are among the most advanced in Brazil in terms of implementation of the Law 9433/97, its management has not generated all the expected economic, social and environmental benefits and there are still governance gaps that hamper the effective implementation of an effective water management. It is necessary to overcome the vision of water as an abundant and unlimited resource, the contradiction between environmental protection and economic growth, the current political structure, corruption problems, lack of political will, shortcomings in urban development and the shortage of adequate infrastructure.
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Simataa, Faith Auguste. "From water resources management to integrated water resources management : an analysis of the establishment of new water management organisations in Namibia". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_9897_1308566898.

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The questions posed in this study address the different processes that were involved in the decision-making and establishment of the water management organisations, the extent of public participation, as well as features of evident governance in implementing the policies. A critical analysis of the role of stakeholders and the various influences they may have in water management will also be examined. The methodology follows a historical study approach. A thorough document review will be done of the policies and related materials around BMCs, where events will be constructed from the findings. Interviews will be conducted for verification purposes, to verify the desktop findings and to assimilate any conflicts of opinion that might have not been documented.

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Carter, Richard C. "Water resources and water management in north east Nigeria". Thesis, Cranfield University, 1995. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/11117.

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This thesis addresses some aspects of shallow groundwater resources, and the wider issues of water resources use and allocation, in the Yobe river basin, north east Nigeria. The studies reported here were carried out in the context of a research linkage, between a Nigerian and a British _University, set up explicitly to support a large rural development programme. This is probably the first time strategic academic research and regional development have been linked on such a scale in the region. ' Despite significant investment in the past in irrigation and other water resource developments, basic data on land and water resources, and their present use, are limited. Short term studies by Consultants have proved to be no substitute for long term routine monitoring, together with good natural and social science research. « 4 Priority research needs are identified in the sciences of climatology and hydrology, and in the use and management of water in the region. There is very limited knowledge of climatic and hydrological change over the last few decades, and almost total ignorance of the existing ' water uses, their economic value, and the efficiency or otherwise of traditional water management practices. The main issues addressed in the thesis are (i) the shallow groundwater resources of the Manga Grasslands, a upland dunefield, and the Yobe river valley floodplain or fadama, and (ii) the allocation of water resources, especially in the context of large irrigation demands. _ The thesis is presented in the form of six papers -(5 published, one submitted for publication), with a extended introduction (Chapter 1) and a short conclusion (Chapter 8). The main findings and conclusions of the work are that: (i) groundwater recharge to the upland is almost certainly much larger than present abstractions; (ii) groundwater recharge to the floodplains is small compared to present regional shallow groundwater abstraction; (iii) development of shallow groundwater resources for irrigation in the Manga Grasslands would be most inadvisable because of resource limitations and salinity hazards; (iv) limited development of small scale irrigation, together with careful monitoring and modelling should go ahead in the Yobe fadana; (v) the remaining questions concerning the mechanisms and magnitude of groundwater recharge throughout the region need to be resolved a a matter of urgency; (vi) water allocation policy can be developed rationally, based on clear objectives and criteria, a good research base, and transparency of motive.
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Carter, R. "Water resources and water management in North East Nigeria". Thesis, Cranfield University, 1995. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/11117.

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This thesis addresses some aspects of shallow groundwater resources, and the wider issues of water resources use and allocation, in the Yobe river basin, north east Nigeria. The studies reported here were carried out in the context of a research linkage, between a Nigerian and a British _University, set up explicitly to support a large rural development programme. This is probably the first time strategic academic research and regional development have been linked on such a scale in the region. ' Despite significant investment in the past in irrigation and other water resource developments, basic data on land and water resources, and their present use, are limited. Short term studies by Consultants have proved to be no substitute for long term routine monitoring, together with good natural and social science research. « 4 Priority research needs are identified in the sciences of climatology and hydrology, and in the use and management of water in the region. There is very limited knowledge of climatic and hydrological change over the last few decades, and almost total ignorance of the existing ' water uses, their economic value, and the efficiency or otherwise of traditional water management practices. The main issues addressed in the thesis are (i) the shallow groundwater resources of the Manga Grasslands, a upland dunefield, and the Yobe river valley floodplain or fadama, and (ii) the allocation of water resources, especially in the context of large irrigation demands. _ The thesis is presented in the form of six papers -(5 published, one submitted for publication), with a extended introduction (Chapter 1) and a short conclusion (Chapter 8). The main findings and conclusions of the work are that: (i) groundwater recharge to the upland is almost certainly much larger than present abstractions; (ii) groundwater recharge to the floodplains is small compared to present regional shallow groundwater abstraction; (iii) development of shallow groundwater resources for irrigation in the Manga Grasslands would be most inadvisable because of resource limitations and salinity hazards; (iv) limited development of small scale irrigation, together with careful monitoring and modelling should go ahead in the Yobe fadana; (v) the remaining questions concerning the mechanisms and magnitude of groundwater recharge throughout the region need to be resolved a a matter of urgency; (vi) water allocation policy can be developed rationally, based on clear objectives and criteria, a good research base, and transparency of motive.
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Shahjahan, Mosharefa. "Integrated management of water resources in Bangladesh /". Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envs525.pdf.

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Foo, See Liang. "A comparative study of accounting systems in Indonesia and Singapore". Thesis, University of Hull, 1988. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:3796.

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Accounting systems are affected by historical, political, social and economic factors. Singapore and Indonesia were chosen for this study because there is very little written about accounting in either country. Singapore was under the British for nearly 150 years and the Indonesians were ruled by the Dutch for over 350 years. Besides these different colonial influences, both countries are different economically, politically and socially. This thesis traces the development of the accounting system, namely, corporate reporting, government accounting, capital market, accounting profession, accounting education and management accounting, in Indonesia and Singapore. It explains the influences that brought about these developments and analyses the features that distinguish the two systems. It is very common for developing countries to adopt foreign accounting systems. In the case of ex-colonies, the tendency has been for them to follow the practices of their colonial masters and to be influenced by the latter even after independence because of their longstanding relationships. However, the degree of reform after independence varies among countries. This study found that for Singapore, the process of adaptation and reform since independence has been dynamic, though, within the historical framework inherited from her colonial period, and there have been continued efforts to improve her accounting system to meet local requirements, and at the same time keep up with developments overseas, not only in the UK but also other developed countries such as the US, Australia, Canada and New Zealand. In the case of Indonesia, major reforms in accounting are slow and in many areas, inadequately coordinated. Reform to the commercial code, adopted from the Dutch in 1848 has been stagnant to the extent that it virtually remains intact. At the other extreme, the Jakarta stock exchange, which was established in 1977 with US support, adopted US accounting and reporting practices. The consequences of the lack of control and co-ordination gave rise to sub-standard accounting practices and the emergence of dualism in accounting training, education and practice. For example, the training and education of accounting technicians follow the Dutch system, whereas at the tertiary level, namely at State universities, the American-oriented approach with a heavy emphasis on financial reporting and auditing is taught. While it is desirable for a developing country to follow and keep up-to-date with accounting practices in developed countries, the blind transplant of foreign systems will yield negative results if the questions of compatibility and the recipient country's needs are not adequately considered. In this regard, Singapore and Indonesia present two contrasting examples on how each country handled the issues of accounting development. Finally, we have learned from this thesis the importance for developing countries to adapt and improvise accounting systems to suit their particular needs, and that purely relying on foreign assistance is inadequate to ensure the success of any national accounting development programme.
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Hale, Angela. "Community management of water resources in the southern region, Adelaide /". Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envh161.pdf.

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Topaloglu, Ece. "Privatization Of Water Utilities From And Integrated Water Resources Management Perspective". Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609172/index.pdf.

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This submission reviews the two successful examples of water markets, one in the developed world, the Murray Darling Basin in Australia and other in the developing world, the Limari Basin case in Chile respectively. Of central importance, we find the commodification of a natural resource, water, through a process of the progressing neoliberal agenda. As regards the outcome of this process in these two cases
while on the one hand the water markets have contributed to a more efficient allocation of water resources from less efficient to more efficient uses, on the other hand, problems related to environmental degradation in the former case and the social inequity in the latter have been unable to be solved.
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Ali, Syed Mahtab. "Climate change and water management impacts on land and water resources". Curtin University of Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Computing, Dept. of Civil Engineering, 2007. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18688.

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This study evaluated the impacts of shallow and deep open drains on groundwater levels and drain performance under varying climate scenarios and irrigation application rates. The MIKE SHE model used for this study is an advanced and fully spatially distributed hydrological model. Three drain depths, climates and irrigation application rates were considered. The drains depths included 0, 1 and 2 m deep drains. The annual rainfall and meteorological data were collected from study area from 1976 to 2004 and analysed to identify the typical wet, average and dry years within the record. Similarly three irrigation application rates included 0, 10 and 16 ML/ha-annum. All together twenty seven scenarios (3 drains depths, 3 climates and 3 irrigation application rates) were simulated. The observed soil physical and hydrological data were used to calibrate and validate the model. Mean square error (R[superscript]2) of the simulated and observed water table data varied from 0.7 to 0.87. Once validated the MIKE SHE model was used to evaluate the effectiveness of 1 and 2 metre deep drains. The simulated water table depth, unsaturated zone deficit, exchange between unsaturated and saturated zones, drain outflow and overland flow were used to analyse their performance. The modeling results showed that the waterlogging was extensive and prolonged during winter months under the no drainage and no irrigation scenario. In the wet climate scenario, the duration of water logging was longer than in the average climate scenario during the winter months. In the dry climate scenario no waterlogging occurred during the high rainfall period. The water table reached soil surface during the winter season in the case of wet and average climate. For the dry climate, the water table was about 0.9 metres below soil surface during winter.
One and 2 metre deep drains lowered the water table up to 0.9 and 1.8 metres in winter for the wet climate when there was no irrigation application. One metre deep drains proved effective in controlling water table during wet and average climate without application of irrigation water. One metre deep drains were more effective in controlling waterlogging a in wet, average and dry years when the irrigation application rate was 10 ML/ha-annum. With 16 ML/ha-annum irrigation application, 1 metre deep drains did not perform as efficiently as 2 metre deep drains in controlling the water table and waterlogging. In the dry climate scenario, without irrigation application, 1 metre deep drains were not required as there was not enough flux from rainfall and irrigation to raise the water table and create waterlogging risks. Two metre deep drains lowered the water table to greater depths in the wet, average and dry climate scenarios respectively when no irrigation was applied. They managed water table better in wet and average climate with 10 and 16 ML/ha-annum irrigation application rate. Again in the dry climate, without irrigation application 2 metre deep drains were not required as there was a minimal risk of waterlogging. The recharge to the groundwater table in the no drainage case was far greater than for the 1 and 2 metre deep drainage scenarios. The recharge was higher in case of 1 metre deep drains than 2 metre deep drains in wet and average climate during winter season.
There was no recharge to ground water with 1 and 2 metre deep drains under the dry climate scenarios and summer season without irrigation application as there was not enough water to move from the ground surface to the unsaturated and saturated zones. When 10 ML/ha-annum irrigation rate was applied during wet, average and dry climate respectively, 1 metre deep drains proved enough drainage to manage the recharge into the groundwater table with a dry climate. For the wet and average climate scenarios, given a 10 ML/ha-annum irrigation application rate, 2 metre deep drains managed recharge better than 1 metre deep drains. Two metres deep drains with a 10 ML/ha-annum irrigation application rate led to excessive drainage of water from the saturated zone in the dry climate scenario. Two metres deep drains managed recharge better with a 16 ML/ha-annum irrigation application rate in the wet and average climate scenarios than the 1 metre deep drains. Two metres deep drains again led to excessive drainage of water from the saturated zone in dry climate. In brief, 1 metre deep drains performed efficiently in the wet and average climate scenarios with and without a 10 ML/ha-annum irrigation application rate. One metre deep drains are not required for the dry climate scenario. Two metre deep drains performed efficiently in the wet and average climate scenarios with 16 ML/ha-annum irrigation application rate. Two metre deep drains are not required for the dry climate scenario.
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Livros sobre o assunto "Water resources management Singapore"

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Tan, Yong Soon. Clean, green and blue: Singapore's journey towards environmental and water sustainability. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2009.

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1974-, Lee Tung Jean, e Tan Karen, eds. Clean, green and blue: Singapore's journey towards environmental and water sustainability. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2009.

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Singh, Vijay P., Shalini Yadav e Ram Narayan Yadava, eds. Water Resources Management. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5711-3.

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Water resources and water management. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1987.

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Water resources. Washington: Island Press, 2010.

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A, Brebbia C., e Conceição Cunha M. de, eds. Water resources management III. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2005.

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Calif.) International Conference on Sustainable Water Resources Management (6th 2011 Riverside. Water resources management VI. Editado por Brebbia C. A e Popov V. (Viktor) 1961-. Southampton, U.K: WIT Press, 2011.

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International, Conference on Sustainable Water Resources Management (5th 2009 Mellieha Malta). Water resources management V. Southampton: WIT, 2009.

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Water for Texas Conference (21st 1986 Texas A & M University). Urban water resources management. College Station, Tex: Texas Water Resources Institute, 1986.

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A, Pykh I͡U︡, ed. Sustainable water resources management. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2003.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Water resources management Singapore"

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Khoo, Teng Chye. "Singapore Water: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow". In Water Resources Development and Management, 237–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89346-2_12.

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Tortajada, Cecilia, e Cheryl Wong. "Quest for Water Security in Singapore". In Water Resources Development and Management, 85–115. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7913-9_4.

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Ng, Peter Joo Hee. "Singapore: Transforming Water Scarcity into a Virtue". In Water Resources Development and Management, 179–86. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6695-5_10.

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Stec, Agnieszka. "Water Resources". In Sustainable Water Management in Buildings, 13–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35959-1_2.

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Ali, M. H. "Water Resources Management". In Practices of Irrigation & On-farm Water Management: Volume 2, 139–91. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7637-6_5.

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Krzysztofowicz, Roman. "Water Resources". In Encyclopedia of Operations Research and Management Science, 1635–39. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1153-7_1122.

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Lee, Seungho. "Water Resources Development". In China's Water Resources Management, 229–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78779-0_7.

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Mushtaq, Basharat, Suhaib A. Bandh e Sana Shafi. "Management of Water Resources". In Environmental Management, 1–46. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3813-1_1.

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Ramjeawon, Toolseeram. "Water Resources and Water Management". In Population — Development — Environment, 121–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03061-5_6.

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Rao, P. S., e Hari Singh. "Identification of Farming Systems in Tribal Region of Zone IV-B of Rajasthan (India)". In Water Resources Management, 3–17. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5711-3_1.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Water resources management Singapore"

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Peng, Chengyao, Shuying Wang, Jie Zhang, Chin Chong Lim e Lin Kah Ooi. "Sustainable In-Situ Water Resource Management Strategies in Water Scarce Urban Environment: A Case Study of Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco City". In 2011 Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/appeec.2011.5748622.

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Le Fanic, R. "Water resources management in the bottled water business". In WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 2009. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wrm090031.

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Fu, Yi-Cheng, Chun-Ling Zhang, Ben-Qing Ruan e Jin-Hua Liu. "Watershed water resources management". In International Association of Management Science and Engineering Technology. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/aie120411.

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Festa, G., D. Verde e R. Magini. "Rehabilitation of a water distribution system with diffused water losses". In WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 2009. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wrm090241.

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Hamer, W. G. "The cost of water and water markets in Southern California, USA". In WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IV. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wrm070461.

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Toman, M. "Utilization of knowledge management and information technologies theory in water resources management". In WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IV. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wrm070621.

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Desai, J., e S. K. Tank. "Studies on water quality index (WQI) of ground water of Surat City, India". In WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 2011. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wrm110281.

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de Castro, P. Canelas. "Climate change and water management: is EU Water Law adapted to climate change?" In WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 2011. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wrm110741.

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Symmonds, G. S. "Changing the water paradigm: how real-time data puts sustainability into water utilities". In WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 2015. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wrm150141.

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Lopes de Almeida, J. "Incorporating CO2 net flux in multipurpose reservoir water allocation optimization". In WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IV. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wrm070011.

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Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Water resources management Singapore"

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Matsumura-Tundisi, Takako, e José Galizia Tundisi. Water Resources Management. Editora Scienza, março de 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.26626/978-85-5953-031-5.2018b001.

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Colley, Raymond. Sector keysheets: water resources management and supply. Evidence on Demand, dezembro de 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.12774/eod_hd.october2015.

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Tao, W. C. ,. LLNL. Technologies for water resources management: an integrated approach to manage global and regional water resources. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), março de 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/665016.

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Water Management Institute, International. Promoting cooperation through effective management of shared water resources. International Water Management Institute (IWMI), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5337/2011.0036.

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Tinti, Alessandro. Water Resources Management in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Institute of Regional and International Studies, outubro de 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.26598/auis_iris_2017_10_19.

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Priscoli, Jerome D. Conflict Resoultion, Collaboration and Management in International and Regional Water Resources Issues. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, maio de 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada316931.

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Osti, Rabindra. Institutional and Governance Dimensions of Flood Risk Management:Bridging Integrated Water Resources Management and Disaster Risk Management Principles. Asian Development Bank, dezembro de 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps190614-2.

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Djumaboev, K., O. Anarbekov, B. Holmatov e A. Hamidov. Overview of water-related programs in Uzbekistan. [Project report of the Sustainable Management of Water Resources in Rural Areas in Uzbekistan. Component 1: National policy framework for water governance and integrated water resources management and supply part]. International Water Management Institute (IWMI), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5337/2017.221.

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Fan, Mingyuan. Achieving Sustainable Integrated Water Resources Management in Mongolia: The Role of River Basin Organizations. Asian Development Bank, junho de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/brf200175-2.

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Kakoyannis, Christina, e George H. Stankey. Assessing and evaluating recreational uses of water resources: implications for an integrated management framework. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-536.

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