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Fekete, Albert, e Reza Haidari. "Special aspects of water use in Persian gardens". Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Agriculture and Environment 7, n.º 1 (1 de dezembro de 2015): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ausae-2015-0007.
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Abstract The Persian garden is one of the most characteristic and notable element in the Iranian landscape. Considering Iran’s hot and dry climate along with water deficit for plantation, it becomes noticeable how important the art of making gardens is to Iranians. Water is one of the most crucial elements in the Persian garden, and we can state that gardens would be meaningless without it. Garden applications use water with its various abilities such as life, brightness, cleanliness, light, inertia, and motion, which bring forward numerous feelings in the human soul and enhance mental comfort. Also, its various running structures, such as basins, streams, water creeks, and fountains, provide mental comfort and technical functions.
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Cen, Xiaofeng, Gao Letian, Selvaraj Jonathan Nimal e Zhu Yisong. "The Aesthetics of Water Management of The Humble Administrator's Garden". Journal of Aesthetic Education 57, n.º 2 (1 de julho de 2023): 73–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/15437809.57.2.05.
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Abstract With the development of literati gardens during the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), the layout and design level of gardens reached an unprecedented height. As the representative of Suzhou gardens, The Humble Administrator's Garden (Zhuozhengyuan, 拙政园, 1530) has unique natural conditions and mature garden design, and its water management art is particularly exquisite. The best-preserved graphic information of The Humble Administrator's Garden are the poems and paintings by Wen Zhengming (文徵明, 1470–1559), including Thirty-One Scenes of The Humble Administrator's Garden (拙政园三十一景图, 1533), thirty landscape poems, and the biography Wang's Humble Administrator's Garden (王氏拙政园记, 1533). As the research object, this article aims to restore the image of The Humble Administrator's Garden by analyzing the water scene of the garden, summarizing its water technique and art, and extracting “Source of inflowing water” (为有源头活水来), “Esteem the mountain, revere the water, imitate the heaven and earth” (敬山畏水, 象天法地), “Fusion of the imitation of nature and the subjective ideas of the artist” (外师造化, 中得心源), and “Free and unfettered, enjoy the joy of leisure” (逍遥自得, 享闲居之乐) as the water aesthetic thoughts of the garden. In addition, this article provides some reference for the current landscape design.
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Wang, Yanting, Along Bu, Xin Xin e Lin Lu. "Xishu Celebrity Memorial Gardens under the influence of water culture". E3S Web of Conferences 143 (2020): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014301005.
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The celebrity memorial gardens are the most prominent in Xishu gardens, showing strong memorial. As the most characteristic cultural element of Xishu area, water contributes a lot to the development of Xishu gardens and becomes an indispensable element in gardening. By tracing back to the background of the formation and development of water culture, this paper analyses the relationship between the historical celebrities and water in Xishu, and summarizes the art of water in Xishu celebrity memorial gardens under the infiltration of water culture. This paper not only reflects the aesthetic value of water from the perspective of formal beauty, but also creates the poetic and artistic conception and the connotation of humanistic spirit through the combination with other gardening elements. At last the article reveals its significance and value of water culture in celebrity memorial gardens and tries to provide inspiration for future regional garden design.
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Mu, Juncheng. "Landscape Art in A Treatise on Garden Design and The Craft of Gardens: A Comparative Analysis". Science Insights 42, n.º 1 (31 de janeiro de 2023): 771–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15354/si.22.or051.
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A Treatise on Garden Design is the earliest Japanese treatise on landscape art, while The Craft of Gardens is its earliest Chinese counterpart. The former was composed roughly 500 years before the latter. Both are highly regarded in the landscape architectural com-munity. A Treatise on Garden Design elaborates on the techniques of stone and water ar-rangement in landscape design and draws significantly on Buddhism, the Yin-Yang theo-ry, and the theory of the Five Elements, illustrating the profound influence of metaphysics in China’s Wei, Jin, and Southern and Northern Dynasties. In addition to traditional Chi-nese concepts, it also incorporates Japanese national culture. The Craft of Gardens illus-trates the penchant for isolation among Chinese nobles and intellectuals in their creative idea of a garden landscape while providing a thorough overview of garden construction in ancient times. It exemplifies the achievements of traditional Chinese landscape art. This paper demonstrates, through a comparative analysis of the two works, that Chinese classical gardens, as a sign of secluded culture, demonstrate an appropriate integration of human design and natural elements and permit individual creativity regardless of the established rules, whereas their Japanese counterparts emphasize the actual simulation of nature.
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Makhmudova, Malika, e Muhayyo Makhmudova. "ISLAMIC STYLE IN LANDSCAPE DESIGN ON THE EXAMPLE OF ANCIENT GARDENS OF THE TEMURID PERIOD". SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 5 (20 de maio de 2020): 706. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2020vol5.4990.
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The article considers the history of the creation and development of the Islamic garden, the characteristic features of landscape gardening art in the Islamic style through the prism of the development of ancient gardens of the Temurid period, in particular, on examples of gardens in Central Asia, Afghanistan and India, and other countries, including their perspectives development, as well as proposals for the creation of modern landscape design. Today, with the urbanization and the growth of cities, less territory remains for the green zone, therefore one of the main problems throughout the world is the preservation of the environment, and especially landscape architecture. Gardening art has come a long way and many masterpieces have been irretrievably lost. Today, all aspects of the history and development of Islamic-style gardens and parks are still not disclosed. For this reason the issue of studying traditional Islamic-style gardens and, of course, reviving the traditional park-building culture of the Temurids and Baburids era was raised in Uzbekistan to create a green environment of historical sites and national parks. As a result of the research, the following were considered and identified: the history of the development of Islamic landscape design, the types of gardens in the Islamic style, the history of the creation of various gardens, their names, planning and compositional solutions, characteristic features, decorative techniques for building gardens in Central Asia, Afghanistan, India, technical and water devices used in the Temurid Gardens, as well as the importance of the Temurids dynasty in creating gardens and parks in Afghanistan and India. The conducted research, the experience of designing and creating Islamic gardens in Central Asia, Afghanistan, India and other countries will allow using the recommendations aimed at creating a modern garden in the Islamic style not only in Uzbekistan, but in other countries.
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Cubino, Josep Padullés, Josep Vila Subirós e Carles Barriocanal Lozano. "Maintenance, Modifications, and Water Use in Private Gardens of Alt Empordà, Spain". HortTechnology 24, n.º 3 (junho de 2014): 374–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.24.3.374.
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Water scarcity in developed countries along the Mediterranean coast may be aggravated in the near future due to rising water demand. The recent growth of low-density urban developments in these regions has led to an increase in the number of private domestic gardens. These particular landscapes may account for a large proportion of total domestic water use. This article examines the features and management practices of private gardens in relation to their relative water requirements. To calculate this variable, we use a method based on the relative water needs of garden species and the area of vegetation cover. In addition, transformations in the layouts of the gardens over the last 5 years, as well as various expected changes, are assessed. In total, 258 domestic gardens along the coast of Catalonia were investigated and their owners interviewed. A list of all plants growing in the gardens was recorded. The results indicate that the presence of turf is related to professional landscaping design, property age, and swimming pool presence. Moreover, gardens with greater landscape water requirements have more efficient watering systems. We present a progressive strategy for garden restructuring that may reduce water use while increasing the number of orchards and fruit trees.
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Khalil, Ahsan, Nijah Akram, Muti ul haq, Dr Ayesha Mehmood Malik e Sheikh Husnain Asif. "TRACING THE ETHEREAL: EXPLORING AESTHETIC HERITAGE AND CULTURAL IDENTITY IN HISTORIC GARDENS - A CASE STUDY OF SHALIMAR GARDEN". Journal of Arts & Social Sciences 11, n.º 1 (30 de junho de 2024): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.46662/jass.v11i1.444.
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Mughal gardens are a prominent figure in the history of landscape architecture, serving as a symbol of artistic talent and horticultural genius. The Mughal gardens thrived throughout the Mughal Empire's rule in South Asia, and this dissertation investigates the profound philosophy that underpinned its design planting methods. The study explores the sociocultural factors that influenced Mughal gardening practices within the historical framework of that period. This study makes use of both primary and secondary sources to illuminate the main components of Mughal Garden design, including the widespread use of geometric patterns, water features, and the blending of architecture and landscape. A strong link between the gardens and the Mughal worldview is shown when the research additionally looks at the spiritual and metaphorical meanings connected to the fauna and plants selected for these gardens. Additionally, the study focuses on the cultivation practices used by Mughal horticulturists, showcasing their creative approaches to attaining a harmonic fusion of form and function. Mughal gardens are renowned for their overall visual effect, mostly due to the careful selection and placement of their flora. This dissertation tries to uncover the underlying plantation philosophy of Mughal gardens through a thorough investigation of historical records and garden ruins, highlighting the complex interactions between art, culture, and environment throughout this era. Modern landscape designers and hobbyists may take inspiration from the Mughal approach to horticulture and apply its timeless wisdom to contemporary gardening techniques by comprehending the fundamental ideas that guided the building of these gardens.
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Pandey, Anjali. "WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF KALIYADEH MAHAL". International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 6, n.º 3 (31 de março de 2018): 302–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i3.2018.1531.
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Water in architecture of India played an important role in the culture. Indians developed the traditional hydro engineering to conserve Rain water, Ground water, river, and other natural resources. It could be seen since earliest times. Stepwells were first used as an art form by the Hindus and they influenced many other structures, Mughal Gardens are the examples of the incorporation of water in the design of Architecture. The designs of the gardens are of the medieval Islamic Period.
Kaliadeh Mehel near Bheravgarh Fort at the bank of River Kshripa. Ujjain (Madhya Pradesh) is well known and one of the most famous historical landmarks of Madhya Pradesh, it is the fusion of Hindu – Persian architecture. The palace has the exclusive designed water system.
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Stančius, Antanas, e Petras Grecevičius. "Influence of Ancient Mesopotamian Aesthetics of Gardens/Parks and Water Installations on the Development of Landscape Architecture". ATHENS JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE 8, n.º 1 (17 de dezembro de 2022): 9–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/aja.8-1-1.
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Based on the information from fundamental historical sources, the oldest origins of civilization can be found in the river valleys of the Tigris and the Euphrates. Throughout Mesopotamia important routes of trade and migration of peoples followed, which influenced the emergence and development of one of the world’s first urban-type civilizations. It was here that the Sumerian civilization evolved, leading to a major cultural and technological breakthrough. Their widely used irrigation canals influenced not only the landscape, but also the entire ecological, economic and political systems of the time, water being a particularly important factor in this civilization. The oldest known gardens have also expanded here, and the Hanging Gardens of Babylon still fuel people's imagination. Due to its unique geographical location, the region has had a profound impact on the surrounding nations, and it is no accident that the Assyrian Imperial Parks of Northern Mesopotamia exerted a great influence on the civilizations that followed. Undoubtedly, ancient Mesopotamia occupies a fundamental place in the development of garden art. With the growing use of roof gardens and the use of plants in modern architectural constructions as an extremely important tool for composition, it is worth exploring more closely the origins of this landscape-relevant process.
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Kyselov, V. M., e G. V. Kyselovа. "HISTORICAL PARKS OF UKRAINE. FROM HISTORY TO MODERNITY". Bulletin of Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, n.º 81 (7 de dezembro de 2020): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2415-377x-2020-81-18-25.
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Abstract. The article explores the issues of the emergence and development of historical parks in Ukraine. There are four periods of formation and development of historical parks in Ukraine: the first ‒ from the times of Kievan Rus to the middle of the 17th century (the origin of park building), the second ‒ from the middle of the 17th century before the revolution of 1917 (construction of mainly private palaces and park ensembles), the third ‒ from 1918 to 1991 (soviet period), the fourth ‒ from 1991 to the present (the period of independence of Ukraine). The definition of the concept «historical park» is given. The park is a work of art. A unique situation in human practice: to create a living and perfect work of art at the same time. Gardens and parks provide this opportunity. The park is history. The historical park preserves and broadcasts this history to us ‒ it is an object of cultural heritage, our common heritage. Sometimes the park is also a museum-reserve and bears the function of preserving heritage. Historical gardens and parks often acquire the status of monuments. Monuments of landscape gardening art are historical and cultural monuments that organically include plants, landscape features (hills, water sources and waterfalls, stream or river valleys, stones, rocks, distant landscape perspectives, sometimes wetlands), architectural structures, sculptures, flower beds, etc. Historical parks of cities include palaces and manor complexes, botanical gardens, city parks and memorial parks, as well as parks-monuments. In total, there are 88 historical parks-monuments of landscape gardening art of national and 426 local significances in Ukraine. Parks-monuments of landscape gardening art of local importance include: parks of culture and recreation, arboretums, woodlands used as recreation parks, and other objects. In particular, in the Odessa region there are 22 parks-monuments, in the city of Odessa ‒ 5 parks-monuments of gardening art (T. Shevchenko Park, Dyukovsky Garden, City Garden, Victory Arboretum, Park named after Savitsky). The article highlights the main problems in the restoration work of historical parks and solutions. The history of the emergence and development of parks in Ukraine is analyzed. It was concluded that the historical parks are multifaceted and interesting not only for architectural ensembles, but also for their biocenosis.
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Magni, Anna. "Principles of the French Garden in the Czech Garden Design". Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 66, n.º 5 (2018): 1171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201866051171.
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The French garden of the 17th and 18th century as the ultimate artistic expression of ideas about the world order and the representation of power and knowledge was not limited to its country of origin – its influence spread and appeared all over Europe. The following text focuses on its reflection in the territory of the Czech Republic and follows the ways the main principles of this form of garden design took. Besides the traditionally dominant artistic influence of Italy, the French art was reflected only gradually, and above all, indirectly. Activities of Le Nôtre’s disciples have been proven, but without any more detailed documentation. Moravia was most influenced by Vienna, where the imperial and other aristocratic gardens adopted more ornate, smaller and flatter concept of French forms, rather approaching Rococo. The paper shows, using specific examples and the comparative method, what forms typical of the French garden appear in the gardens of the Czech lands the most frequently. The characteristic organization of the garden and wider spaces by axes, avenues, radial divisions, water mirrors and canals as well as magnificent water elements with sculptures and also widely applied flat parterres with ornamental flower beds is explored. On the other hand, the complexity of the French prototype, which lies in the spatial monumentality and sophisticated use of optical rules and rules of perspective, is missing.
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Kulhánková, Zora. "The Italian Garden Influence Within the Development of Garden Design in the Czech Lands (Bohemia and Moravia)". Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 65, n.º 5 (2017): 1543–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201765051543.
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This article puts the Czech garden into the context of the development of garden design in Europe. Although it has not been defined as a garden type, it has always reflected new directions and modified them in line with geographical and cultural differences. The selected examples illustrate the development of garden art in the Czech lands from the 16th to the 18th century with an emphasis on Italian patterns and Italian artists. There are gardens that took the morphology of the Italian garden – they were built in slopes, their architecture uses terraces and stairs, dynamic water is used or some building elements typical of the Italian garden. The information provided exemplify the great influence of Italian culture in the Czech lands, which got there directly with Italian artists and builders.
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Zhou, Min. "Ecological Art Planning and Design of the Headspace of Urban Buildings Combining with Ecological Science and Technology and Art Culture". Open House International 43, n.º 1 (1 de março de 2018): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-01-2018-b0011.
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With the accelerating process of urbanization, the greening areas in high density cities are becoming less and less, and the aerial greening provides a possible way for the update of the urban building headspace greening. Based on this, the application of aerial greening in the urban headspace was studied. Starting from the plant, water, landscape sketch, pavement and other construction elements, the ecological art planning and design of the urban building headspace was studied. Then, the transformation of an old factory was studied, and the rain-flood gardens and infiltration floors linked to biological corridors were introduced in the high flood risk areas. In the building headspace, a rainwater harvesting system and an air garden were designed, and the ecological planning of aerial walkway was carried out to the front abandoned viaduct. The practice proves that the introduction of ecological science and technology and art culture in the urban headspace plays an important role in purifying urban air and increasing urban greening.
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Gilboa, Smadar, John H. Klotz e Peter Nonacs. "Urban Infestation Patterns of Argentine Ants,Linepithema humile, in Los Angeles". Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/925149.
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Infestations of buildings by Argentine ants,Linepithema humile(Mayr), were monitored on the campus of the University of California, Los Angeles. Foraging ant activity peaked during the hotter months of the year. The mean monthly maximum temperature, but not rainfall, positively correlated with indoor infestation frequency. Neither garden size nor the predominant groundcover vegetation correlated with the number of foraging ants at baits within gardens. Although the number of foraging ants outside a building varied over 40-fold, ant density in gardens did not predict the likelihood of infestation within the building. Also, the type of vegetative groundcover employed did not predict infestation frequency. There was, however, a significant negative relationship between the size of the garden outside of a building and the number of infestations. Given the large foraging area ofL. humileworkers, buildings next to small gardens may be infested simply because they lie within the “normal” foraging area of a colony. The best predictor of which rooms were infested within buildings was the presence of a water source. Thus providing water for ant colonies outside and away from buildings may be one method of integrated pest management to reduce the proclivity of ants to infest structures.
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Sokolov, Boris M. "PARK OF THE KRASNODAR STADIUM (2017-2023): MODERN INTERPRETATION OF THE CLASSICAL GARDEN STYLES". Articult, n.º 2 (28 de junho de 2023): 37–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2227-6165-2023-2-37-58.
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The paper provides, for the first time, a comprehensive analysis of the artistic features of the Krasnodar Stadium park and historical allusions associated with the compositions of this park. The park, opened to the public in 2017, has become a novelty in the international landscape culture and a landmark of Krasnodar. The main elements of the ensemble analyzed: concept, layout, roads and routes, volumes and space, green architecture and forms of the plants, water system, boundaries and zones, materials and textures, shapes and rhythms, play of light and conditions of nature. The works of art placed in the park are considered in detail: first, the compositions “Geolocation” and «Artificial Environment» of the Recycle group (2019) and, second, subsequent installations, the presence of which could be a matter of discussion. The historical garden styles that influenced the idea of the park are Italian, French, and English types and water gardens of the Middle East, as well as postmodern “landforms» by Charles Jenks. The large Japanese Garden (2023) is a new development of the park. The shift to the stylization makes it possible to summarize the image of the main park, in which the techniques of modern landscape art and the motives of historical heritage are summarized.
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He, Zhen. "The Contrast between Japanese and Chinese Gardens – Taking Humble Administrator’s Garden in Suzhou and Katsura Imperial Villa in Kyoto as Examples". SHS Web of Conferences 180 (2023): 01019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202318001019.
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Garden culture has evolved through thousands of years to create its own distinctive features in both China and Japan. Chinese culture also had a major influence on Japanese culture, which is seen in garden culture. Both the Humble Administrator’s Garden and the Katsura Imperial Villa were built during the same eras, the Ming Dynasty and the Edo era, and they are considered to be the greatest examples of Japanese and Chinese garden architecture. The garden design, water features, and rock elements of the Humble Administrator’s Garden and the Katsura Imperial Villa are thoroughly compared in this study to highlight their commonalities and differences. It explores the factors behind these distinctions, encompassing the design and aesthetic concepts of the two countries, while considering the influence of cultural, economic, and natural factors. Additionally, the research uncovers key findings, shedding light on the distinctions between these two gardens and the influential factors, including cultural, economic, and natural influences, shaping their unique characteristics. The study delves into historical, geographical, and cultural influences, unveiling the distinct preferences and philosophies of Chinese and Japanese garden aesthetics. Ultimately, this research extends readers’ comprehension of Chinese and Japanese garden art and culture, fostering positive cross-cultural understanding and communication between the two nations. Through comparison and analysis, readers gain a deeper understanding of the underlying ideologies and aesthetics of these two cultures, promoting greater exchange and mutual enrichment in the realm of Sino-Japanese garden art.
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Gaber, Tammy. "Jannat". American Journal of Islam and Society 31, n.º 2 (1 de abril de 2014): 128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v31i2.1047.
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This rare publication on Islamic art and architecture revolves around a clearconceptual idea. A plethora of broad and specific survey texts continue to bepublished; however, very seldom does a thematic book come along with a thoroughlook at one idea. The collection is composed of an introduction, a port-128 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 31:2folio, and ten essays. As with many compilations, the essays are not all of thesame caliber and there are some structural issues. And yet the whole is a refreshinglook at the theme of jannat (paradise) in Islamic art and architecturein the Indian subcontinent. Not only are several historical eras encompassed,but the important connection to contemporary artistic expressions is also made.Mumtaz Currim’s introduction succinctly discusses the themes covered.His excellent summary of the philosophical and cosmological concepts of paradisein relation to the garden is followed by a clear account of the chaharbagh (quad-partite garden) and the Mughal legacy of gardens as microcosmsof paradise. The relationship of water to both gardens and paradise are reflectedupon with respect to engineering and the expressions in textile art. Thesection concludes with a look at paradise in literary works and popular art.The portfolio includes beautiful reproductions of two very differentgroups of calligraphic art. The first collection is from the twelfth- to sixteenthcenturymanuscript Qur’ans in Hyderabad’s Salar Jung Museum. The selectedverses refer to paradise, such as those found in the chapters of al-Fātiḥah (TheOpening), al-Raḥmān (The Merciful), and al-Wāqi‘ah (The Event). The manuscripts’calligraphy, as well as their geometric and arabesque elaborations,are vividly reproduced in the color images. The second collection consists ofcontemporary artworks by Salwa Rasool, who uses canvas, vellum, leather,and other materials to focus on the Names of Allah and Sūrat al-Fātiḥah’s,chapter and religious phrases. With very little accompanying text, aside fromthe notation of details, the reader is introduced to the concept of paradisethrough the sheer beauty of the Qur’an’s textual descriptions and the word’sevocative role. The juxtaposition of historical and contemporary works revealsthe continuity of the concepts in Islamic cultures ...
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Acostová, Anna. "Development of the garden design of 18th century in Sankt Petersburg and comparison with main European patterns". Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 55, n.º 1 (2007): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200755010185.
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The 18th century was the period when the Russian empire started to open to the western culture. The economic and cultural development of this country started after the reforms of the emperor Petr I. Large number of the imperial palaces where built after the foundation of Santk Petersburg in 1703. Peter I was a big admirer of the western culture, his knowledge about it increased during two visits through Europe. Therefore, the formal gardens and baroque palaces built during the reign of Peter the Great are called Peter’s baroque.Until 1715 were all Russian gardens influenced by the Holland pattern like the palaces built by William of Orange in Holland – Het Loo and in England part of the Hampton Court. The first garden laid out in formal style in Sankt Petersburg was the Summer Garden – located in the architectural heart of the city. Gardens of this period were characteristic by small closed ground plan surrounded by water canals, an absence of using terrace as a symbol of majesty and highest point of view and finally by modest architecture. After the second visit of Peter I to Europe, he started to use all principles of the French formal gardens based on Andre Le Notre work. Palaces like Petrodvorets, Strelna and residence of first minister Alexander Menshikov in Oranienbaum were laid out on a natural terrace overlooking the Gulf of Finland. During the reign Elizabeth Petrovna started a huge expansion of palaces Petrodvorets, Hermitage and Tsarskoe Selo by the Italian architect Francisco Bartolomeo Rastrelli, whose combinations of rich ornaments, soft unusual colours and white columns are symbol of Russian baroque of the middle of 18th century. Moreover, F. B. Rastrelli also rebuilt some garden pavilions giving a new dimension of composition between buildings and garden. His sense of buildings soft colours in contras to the dark colours of north nature was very important and helped to improve Russian garden design of this time.After the start of reign Catherine II in 1761 begun new period of architectural style – Classicism and English Landscape School. At first was rebuilt a part of the formal gardens in Tsarskoe Selo for which was used the composition of the famous Stowe Park as a pattern. Others built landscape parks were Pavlovsk, Gatchina and Alexandrowski Park. In the process of creating those imperial residences were used principles of the work of William Kent, with antique temples, also Lancelot Brown’s famous nature scenery. Moreover, the compositions of landscape parks are good examples of oriental and neo-gothic pavilions. Russian formal gardens and landscape parks are inseparable part of European art in 17th and 18th century. They composition content basic characteristic of French baroque and English landscape school together with different elements originated as a adaptation to the specific climatic conditions of this region.
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Нащокина, Мария Владимировна, Нина Анатольевна Коновалова e Николай Владимирович Касьянов. "TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONTEMPORARY LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE". СОВРЕМЕННАЯ АРХИТЕКТУРА МИРА, n.º 1(12) (22 de junho de 2020): 207–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.25995/niitiag.2019.12.1.028.
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В связи с загрязнением, сокращением и обеднением природной среды в развитых странах мира в последние десятилетия существенно возросло значение ландшафтной архитектуры и дизайна. В последние годы появилось немало образно ярких и новаторских по своим приемам и технологии садов, которые демонстрируют разнообразие подходов. Вновь стали популярными регулярные сады Запада и Востока и даже стриженая зелень, востребованы эстетика викторианских пейзажных садов, опыт китайских и японских садов с их вниманием к материалам и фактурам, к использованию камня и воды. Помимо использования приемов прошлого в садово-парковом искусстве присутствует как тенденция к откровенной искусственности, к созданию временных инсталляций, так и стремление к имитации естественного ландшафта. Рубеж тысячелетий был ознаменован появлением уникальных садов-символов, направленных на визуализацию исторических, научных или философских идей. Due to pollution, reduction and impoverishment of the natural environment in the developed world in recent decades, the importance of landscape architecture and design has increased significantly. In recent years, there have been many imaginatively bright and innovative in their techniques and technology gardens that demonstrate a variety of approaches and techniques. Regular gardens of the West and the East and even cropped greens have become popular again, the aesthetics of Victorian landscape gardens, the experience of Chinese and Japanese gardens, with their attention to materials and textures, to the use of stone and water are in demand. In addition to the use of techniques of the past, in landscape art there is a tendency to Frank artificiality, to create temporary installations, and the desire to simulate the natural landscape. The turn of the Millennium was marked by the emergence of unique gardens-symbols aimed at visualizing historical, scientific or philosophical ideas.
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Tahvonen, Outi. "Scalable Green Infrastructure—The Case of Domestic Private Gardens in Vuores, Finland". Sustainability 10, n.º 12 (3 de dezembro de 2018): 4571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124571.
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The planning, implementation, and everyday use of the built environment interweave the green and grey components of urban fabric tightly together. Runoff from grey and impermeable surfaces causes stormwater that is managed in permeable surfaces that simultaneously act as habitats for vegetation. Green infrastructure (GI) is one of the concepts that is used to perceive, manage, and guide the components of urban green spaces. Furthermore, GI pays special attention to stormwater management and urban vegetation at several scales at the same time. This study concentrated on scalable GI in domestic private gardens. A set of garden designs in Vuores, Finland were analyzed and developed by Research by Design. The aim was to study how garden scale choices and designs can enhance GI at the block and neighbourhood scales to rethink design practices to better integrate water and vegetation throughout the scales. As a result, we propose a checklist for designers and urban planners that ensures vegetation-integrated stormwater management to enhance habitat diversity in block scale and possibility to use blocks of private plots for ecological networks. The prerequisite for garden designers is to be capable to balance between water, vegetation, and soil, and their processes and flows in detail the scale.
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Eckert, Michael. "Hydraulics for Royal Gardens: Water Art as a Challenge for 18th Century Science and 21st Century Physics Teaching". Science & Education 16, n.º 6 (junho de 2007): 539–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11191-006-9010-5.
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Yuniti, I. Gusti Diah Ayu, Jhon Hardy Purba, Nanang Sasmita, Liris Lis Komara, Tomycho Olviana e I. Made Kartika. "Balinese Traditional Agroforestry as Base of Watershed Conservation". Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology 6, n.º 1 (28 de fevereiro de 2022): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.55043/jaast.v6i1.54.
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Forests, traditional gardens and green spaces play an important role in regulating the water flow of an area. Along with the high demand for land in Bali for agriculture and tourism, many forest areas have been converted into hotels and settlements. Forest conversion has caused many problems such as erosion, soil fertility decreased, flora fauna extinction, floods, drought, global warming and the disturbing watershed, especially rivers for springs. The purpose of this study is the development of watershed conservation in Bali based on traditional agroforestry. The method that used is vegetation analysis. Calculation of the erosion amount using the USLE formula. Sampling was done by ten plots. The results showed that traditional agroforestry vegetation consisted of vertical and horizontal structures. The characteristic of traditional agroforestry is that dominant plants are distributed irregularly, thus creating a miniature structure like a forest. The vertical structure consists of trees, horizontal structure filled with species of garden plants and agriculture. Trees have roots spread intensively in the soil and reduce nutrient leaching. Land cover by vegetation protects the soil and erosion. The agroforestry has a role as an act of soil and water conservation. Traditional agroforestry land cover has a relatively low C coefficient (0.05-0.25) compared to other lands. The level of erosion hazard is low and moderate. Average erosion value of 55.01 t.ha-1.yr-1. This indicates that traditional agroforestry makes the soil have a higher ability to absorb water, thereby reducing surface runoff. Likewise, organic material that improves the water content capacity. In addition, water quality can be improved through the humus filter function. During a long dry season, there is a drought due to low rainfall, but rivers and springs were able to supply water for the peoples daily needs. This condition occurs because of the tree retentions in traditional gardens. Conservation actions need to be taken, namely maintaining trees vegetation, increasing reforestation, bench terraces use, mounds and mulch use. This condition also places traditional agroforestry as a sustainable land management system.
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Nazarova, Galina Grigoryevna, Lyudmila Petrovna Proskurnyak e Viktor Vasilyevich Panov. "Determination of the age of overwintered water voles inhabiting garden plots". Principles of the Ecology 32, n.º 2 (junho de 2019): 76–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15393/j1.art.2019.8802.
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Mei Jayani, Faradila, e Silvi Novianti. "Penentuan Laju Infiltrasi Tanah pada Beberapa Kondisi Vegetasi di Kebun Raya ITERA". Berkala Ilmiah Pertanian 6, n.º 2 (31 de maio de 2023): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/bip.v6i2.39248.
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Measuring the rate of infiltration in an area is important as one of the basic actions for land management. The existence of infiltration allows the soil to temporarily store water so that it is available for absorption by plants and soil organisms. The ITERA Botanical Gardens, which aims to conserve Sumatran plants ex-situ, needs to be supported by successful revegetation. The infiltration rate is an indicator of the physical condition of the soil during the revegetation process. The purpose of this study was to calculate the soil infiltration rate in the ITERA Botanical Gardens under different vegetation conditions, namely under sengon (Falcataria moluccana) and grass stands. This research is an experimental study that measures the rate of soil infiltration using a double ring infiltrometer with a diameter of 15 cm and 30 cm. The infiltration rate was then calculated based on data on changes in water level over time intervals (∆h) and changes in measurement time intervals (∆t) obtained from field measurements. Infiltration in the area of ITERA Botanical Gardens is influenced by the condition of the vegetation above the ground. Lowering of the water level in the ring on grassy land reaches a constant faster than under sengon stands. The infiltration rate under Albizia stands is faster than on land with grassy vegetation. This requires the act of planting vegetation that has deep roots, on land that is still planted with grass.
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Chernyshev, Denys, Yulia Ivashko, Dominika Kuśnierz-Krupa e Andrii Dmytrenko. "Role of natural landscape in perception of Ukrainian sacral architecture monuments". Landscape architecture and art 17 (14 de março de 2021): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/j.landarchart.2020.17.02.
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The article analyses the impact of natural environment on the creation of a Christian church design, as an example, reviews the Orthodox architecture of Ukraine – historical and contemporary one. From time immemorial, Orthodox churches were erected in the most picturesque places – on high hills, steep banks, near rivers and lakes – so that the temple was reflected in the water surface. A typical example is the historical silhouette of the steep right bank of Kyiv, formed by many churches, cathedrals and monasteries located along the edge of the hilly shore. If temples in the urban environment were constrained by the conditions of dense quarterly development (the principal cathedrals and monasteries were an exception), then the peculiarity of the remote suburban monasteries – the hermitages – was precisely the creation of nature and architecture picturesque combination. At the monasteries, parks, gardens and flower beds were created, artificial lakes were arranged. During the domination of the atheistic ideology, temple construction was in decline, most of the cathedrals, churches and monasteries were destroyed or redesigned under the socialist functions of clubs, museums of atheism, schools and storages. The contemporary course in the creation of new Orthodox churches is aimed at restoring the lost sequence in the church building. In this case, particular attention is paid to the natural environment: churches are built in park areas, in forest parks, on the banks of lakes, surrounded by flower beds. The relevance of the study is explained by the presence in Ukraine of a large number of Orthodox churches – both architectural monuments and newly built, which are traditionally surrounded by gardens, parks and flower gardens as symbols of their non-earthly purpose, the image of the Garden of Eden. Therefore, during the restoration and new construction of such objects, it is necessary to understand the features of the сhurch landscape design, which has been formed and improved over the centuries.
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GUACCHIO, EMANUELE DEL, PAOLA CENNAMO, MARIO VÁZQUEZ TORRES e BRUNO MENALE. "When art meets taxonomy: identity of Erythrina laeta (Fabaceae)". Phytotaxa 255, n.º 2 (7 de abril de 2016): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.255.2.3.
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The unresolved name Erythrina laeta Dehnh. is neotypified by a water-colour kept in the Botanical Garden of Naples (Italy). The Dehnhardt’s name resulted to be a heterotypic synonym of E. americana. The nomenclatural types of the names and their synonyms are discussed, and the names E. enneandra DC. and E. fulgens Loisel. are lectotypified by two pictures.
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Kolbuszewska, Ewa. "„Sztuczne raje” — motywy i sposoby upiększania krajobrazu w literaturze i kulturze początków XIX wieku". Góry, Literatura, Kultura 13 (22 de setembro de 2020): 127–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-4107.13.11.
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The present article focuses on a tendency to artificially beautify landscape, a tendency that was particularly strong in European culture of the eighteenth and early nineteenth century, having been anticipated in Renaissance and Baroque culture. This is associated with landscape being assigned a cultural character, transformed by humans on the basis of natural resources. This tendency became a fluid process partially documented by literature. The process ranged from the introduction of decorative elements into gardens (statues like the famous Apennine Colossus in the garden of the Villa di Pratolino), through unique garden designs to the creation of landscape parks adapting natural spaces for purposes dictated by aesthetic theories (English landscape parks). French landscape gardens, which brought to the fore anthropologically viewed human beings living in a world built with geometric precision and order, were contrasted with the English landscape parks designed completely differently. The transformations taking place in culture, literature and art at the turn of the nineteenth century (Romanticism) went hand in hand with actions aimed at aestheticising landscape on the basis of natural resources. This was accompanied by important changes in customs resulting from new concepts of viewing landscape. The resulting development of tourism, consisting in its gradual popularisation, led to the emergence in the way of viewing nature of a certain hierarchy of values of various topographic sites (famous mountains, valleys, waterfalls, lakes, springs etc.). The desire to increase their attractiveness assumed the form of artificial beautification through the addition of artificial elements to landscape (grottos, temples, ruins, cascades, bowers). Many technical novelties were used to increase the effectiveness of hydrological elements (galleries under waterfalls, displays of waterfalls through coloured glass, boat trips to waterfalls). This tendency evolved further with the development of tourism. The period saw a rise in the role and attractiveness of health resorts, with an increasing role being played in their spatial arrangement by parks with fountains, bowers, artificial waterfalls. Access to sites known for beautiful vistas in the mountains was facilitated (steps cut in rock and stairs built on mountain slopes, galleries, gloriettes, viewing decks or even viewing towers). In this process of artificial aestheticisation of landscape an increasingly important role was played by the railways enabling people to observe landscapes through the windows, which was impossible for those travelling by stagecoaches. Artificial sluices above waterfalls were used to bank up water, released upon a fee. Changes in their infrastructure were accompanied by a theatricalisation of the setting (Ossianesque imitation, artificial folklorisation, blind musicians, children offering flowers to tourists, special acoustic effects like echo).
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Hedin, Thomas. "The Fountain of the Dragon: water, allegory, and burlesque in the gardens of Versailles". Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscapes 36, n.º 4 (março de 2016): 305–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14601176.2015.1131046.
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Wu, Jinghong, Qian Liu e Jian Chen. "Research on Intelligent Control System Based on Feature Recognition". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2095, n.º 1 (1 de novembro de 2021): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2095/1/012038.
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Abstract Fountain is an important facility in modern landscape art. Ordinary fountains are regulated by water valves, which makes the water column of the fountain very high, so the height of the fountain cannot be changed flexibly, the fountain is the product of the combination of the most popular garden architecture and appreciation in recent years. In this paper, intelligent control system based on feature recognition is designed. According to the system, fountain forms and features can be recognized automatically. At the same time, the system can also be integrated with computer animation, which makes the melody, emotion, rhythm and waterscape art to realize harmonious and unified.
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Sanders, Dawn. "Grounding New Narratives of ‘Plantness’ in Botanic Garden Design. A place for art-based research?" Ri-Vista. Research for landscape architecture 21, n.º 2 (27 de maio de 2024): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/rv-15623.
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Through two examples of artworks, both historical and contemporary, water-colour and installation, this article considers possibilities for art-based research to ground new narratives of ‘plantness’ in botanic garden design. In so doing the author suggests that art can open windows on a little-known world; and confront the human viewer with narratives that provoke them to re-calibrate their ideas about, and feelings towards, plants. Thus, questions are also asked of landscape architecture and the ways in which it might respond to such art-based research works and considers emergent questions for design practices wishing to make ‘Life as Plant’ more public and specific.
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Leal, Laura Carolina, Catarina C. Jacovak, Paulo Estefano D. Bobrowiec, José Luiz C. Camargo e Paulo Enrique C. Peixoto. "The role of parabiotic ants and environment on epiphyte composition and protection in ant gardens". Sociobiology 64, n.º 3 (17 de outubro de 2017): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v64i3.1219.
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Ant gardens (AGs) are a multi-partner specialized ant-plant interaction involving several ant and epiphyte species. Although studies on AGs have reported possible roles for some species in this system, there are unanswered questions regarding the process of epiphyte incorporation in the AGs and the role of less aggressive ant species in AG protection. In this study, we used AGs in the Brazilian Amazon forest formed by two parabiotic ant species to test a set of hypothesis regarding two main questions: 1) How is AG plant community composition affected by the surrounding environment? 2) Does Crematogaster levior play a role in the chemical detection of herbivory in the AGs? After identifying epiphytes occurring at AGs at the forest edge and in the interior, we found that ant gardens in each environment exhibited different compositions, and that plant species bearing oil or extrafloral nectar glands were more frequent in AGs located in the forest interior than in those at the forest edge. By performing experiments with volatile compounds emitted from injured epiphytes, we detected that only Camponotus femoratus was responsive, responding almost eight times faster in response to plant extracts than water treatments. Our results support the idea that environmental conditions affect ant preference for feeding resources provided by epiphytes and consequently shape the structure of the epiphyte community in AGs. On the other hand, the role of C. levior in AGs remains unknown, since it seems to play no direct or indirect role in AG protection.
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Sprechmann Gomez, Magdalena Ana. "Burle Marx and his collaborations: micro-histories of modern dreams in design and of Brazilian micro-landscapes in small Uruguay". PosFAUUSP 30, n.º 56 (22 de agosto de 2023): e194485. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2317-2762.posfauusp.2023.194485.
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This paper is a preliminary inquiry into the work of Burle Marx in Uruguay between the decades of 1950 and 1980. In this period, he had some piecemeal collaborations with two pioneers of modern design in Uruguay: Luis García Pardo and Walter Pintos Risso. They attempted to materialize pragmatically the idea of Gesamtkunstwerk, i.e. of total artwork, produced for a local bourgeoisie. This was expressed through architecture, gardens, built-in works of art, such as sculptures and murals, designer furniture and advertising graphic design for their own products.
As research methodology, primary sources were revised, such as document resource centers, which are still not public, press of the day and advertising brochures; the works under study were visited and interviews were conducted with people associated with the work of Burle Marx and the above-mentioned Uruguayan architects.
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Kirillova, Natalya Ruslanovna. "Representation of water plants of the Murmansk region in the herbarium of the N. A. Avrorin Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute". HORTUS BOTANICUS 14, n.º 14 (janeiro de 2019): 403–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15393/j4.art.2019.6665.
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Rizhinashvili, Alexandra. "Small and shallow previously unstudied lakes: land-use, overgrowth and eutrophication". Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 28, n.º 1 (9 de janeiro de 2017): 120–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-09-2015-0170.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compare trophic characteristics of the ecosystems of small and shallow lakes with a different character of land-cover in their catchments (as exemplified by several previously unstudied lakes of the Leningrad Region, North-Western Russia, that belong to a single lake-river system). Design/methodology/approach The key limnetic parameters of four lakes are analysed. Two of the lakes are located on the territory of allotment gardens, the other two are in the forest-covered areas. A preliminary assessment was made for the production-to-destruction ratio in the ecosystems of the lakes of the study region and their vulnerability factors. Findings For the lakes with a largely unexploited catchment, humus of terrigenous origin can act as a “hidden” source of nutrient load (primarily as phosphates). For the lakes with a catchment occupied by allotment gardens, an elevated trophic status and intensive overgrowth by vegetation (floating forms) is driven by an increased nitrogen load. Practical implications The results can be used for planning land and water management activities in North-Western Russia and in other world’s regions with similar environmental conditions. Originality/value These results can lay a foundation for creating a region-specific model to predict trends in eutrophication and overgrowth of small shallow lakes.
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Lin, Chen, Qinxin Ouyang, Yiming Du, Rui Chen e Zihao Wang. "Art and Design under the Meta-Universe Concept". BCP Social Sciences & Humanities 19 (30 de agosto de 2022): 599–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpssh.v19i.1749.
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In modern times, many scholars have put forward plans for the restoration of the Old Summer Palace, but the architectural form and style of the Old Summer Palace are too luxurious, and the restoration requires great manpower and material resources, so the restoration work mainly focuses on the restoration of some mountain water systems. However, if the building is not restored, and the cultural core of the Old Summer Palace itself is lost, and the restoration of the Old Summer Palace will be impossible. In view of the more than 100 landscapes of the Old Summer Palace are all the organic combination of landscape, flowers and trees, buildings, complement each other, but it is difficult to repair the overall Old Summer Palace, expensive, so it is a good way to restore its morphology in the virtual space. This project aims to establish a model of Jiuzhou scenic spot through the establishment of virtual space and record documents and pictures, and restore the "million garden" in the metauniverse, so that people of later generations can see its infinite scenery.
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Navarro, Julio, Fidel Garrido e Íñigo Almela. "The Agdal of Marrakesh (Twelfth to Twentieth Centuries): An Agricultural Space for Caliphs and Sultans. Part 1: History". Muqarnas Online 34, n.º 1 (9 de outubro de 2017): 23–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22118993_03401p003.
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The Agdal is an enormous estate, located south of Marrakesh, that has survived from the twelfth century to the present. Historically it was used for agricultural production and related functions, and included pleasure gardens, pools, mills, and seasonal residences. This study presents the results of a multi-year survey of the Agdal’s water bodies, its place within the regional hydraulic system of khaṭṭāras, cultivation practiced there throughout the centuries, and the internal organization of its land and more than forty buildings. This archaeological approach is joined with a study of manuscript and published sources to give a comprehensive history of the Agdal, one of the most important historic landscapes in the Islamic world.
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Tserkovna, Oksana, e Anna Voronina. "The experience of arrangement of the urban spaces with the fountains in the settlements of Ukrainian (Part I)". Theory and practice of design, n.º 24 (22 de dezembro de 2021): 58–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.18372/2415-8151.24.16292.
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Among the countries of Europe, Ukraine is marked by a fairly large number of the fountains, which are the pieces of the monumental art, cultural and historical heritage objects. The purpose of this publication: to summarize the experience of organizing spaces with fountains, to explore the development of fountains as artistic and aesthetic objects of urban and landscape architecture. The fountains are considered as an integral part of the historical and architectural heritage of the country’s settlements, which is associated with outstanding historical events and the lives of famous people. Having traced the historical preconditions for the appearance of spaces with fountains, еxplored the circumstances that contributed to the development of sciences in Ukraine and the emergence of the first fountains as a synthesis of art and engineering, elements of a centralized water supply system of the settlement. Traced the influence of political, economic and ecological circumstances and the cultural needs of society for changes in the organization of spaces with fountains, where the buildings transformed their original functions from water distributors that meet drinking, household and religious needs into objects of improvement, artistic and aesthetic elements of urban architecture and pieces of garden art, artistic and aesthetic elements of landscape architecture, were studied.This publication presents the first part of the study, which covers the period of XVIII - XIX centuries.
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Mujahid, Ar Saad, e Naeema Saeed. "Revitalization of the Urban Space from Grey to Green in Lahore, Pakistan". Journal of Art, Architecture and Built Environment 4, n.º 1 (31 de maio de 2021): 110–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/https://doi.org/10.32350/jaabe.41.06.
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Lahore is a metropolitan city renowned for its historical background. It is also known as the ‘City of Gardens’. In today’s world, the progression towards the construction of concrete structures and junk spaces is occurring at a rapid pace. The persona of the city is changing in order to accommodate the booming population. Ecological imbalance is resulting into the disappearance of the fauna from the city. The current study was carried out to provide the inhabitants with various opportunities in the form of lively public spaces that are being lost with the passage of time. The site selected for the project was diligently marked by considering some important aspects including an easy approach and a place that provides a rich amalgam of history, culture, traditional cuisine and education to maximize the interaction of people belonging to different professions. It was designed in a fashion that kept intact the Mughal roots of the city by adding a water feature interwoven with the modern world by carefully planning the vegetation, thus making the selection vibrant and colorful in order to make a concoction of the Mughal and contemporary art. The purpose of the fusion was to attract the inhabitants by building a characteristically distinct place that remains non-identical to the already existing public spaces, as well as to revive the lost culture which is fading away due to excessive construction and environmental pollution.
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Mujahid, Ar Saad, e Naeema Saeed. "Revitalization of the Urban Space from Grey to Green in Lahore, Pakistan". Journal of Art, Architecture and Built Environment 4, n.º 1 (31 de maio de 2021): 110–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/jaabe.41.06.
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Lahore is a metropolitan city renowned for its historical background. It is also known as the ‘City of Gardens’. In today’s world, the progression towards the construction of concrete structures and junk spaces is occurring at a rapid pace. The persona of the city is changing in order to accommodate the booming population. Ecological imbalance is resulting into the disappearance of the fauna from the city. The current study was carried out to provide the inhabitants with various opportunities in the form of lively public spaces that are being lost with the passage of time. The site selected for the project was diligently marked by considering some important aspects including an easy approach and a place that provides a rich amalgam of history, culture, traditional cuisine and education to maximize the interaction of people belonging to different professions. It was designed in a fashion that kept intact the Mughal roots of the city by adding a water feature interwoven with the modern world by carefully planning the vegetation, thus making the selection vibrant and colorful in order to make a concoction of the Mughal and contemporary art. The purpose of the fusion was to attract the inhabitants by building a characteristically distinct place that remains non-identical to the already existing public spaces, as well as to revive the lost culture which is fading away due to excessive construction and environmental pollution.
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Glenn, William, Tina M. Waliczek e Merritt L. Drewery. "Market Potential for Specialty Compost Produced from Wool Waste". HortTechnology 34, n.º 3 (junho de 2024): 322–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech05388-24.
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In several regions of the United States, waste and “tag” wool are readily available, inexpensive, and considered low-quality because of weed seed contamination and stains from defecation. Because of an overabundance of waste and tag wool, some are landfilled. Previous research has indicated that wool or hair incorporated in potted plants can improve the water-holding capacity of the soil and act as a slow-release fertilizer. Furthermore, compost trials have demonstrated that wool produces a high-quality compost product. This study aimed to evaluate the market potential of wool-based compost to determine its commercial viability. To address this, we conducted in-depth interviews with lead user gardeners (n = 10) who used 1 yard of wool-based compost in their gardens over the course of 10 weeks and distributed a quantitative survey instrument to both lead users and general gardeners recruited from garden centers, nurseries, and horticulture classes (n = 256). Lead users responded positively to the wool-based compost and reported they would be willing to pay $6 to $7 per ft3. General gardeners who were less familiar with the product reported they were willing to pay at least a similar amount as that for typical market composts, but they suggested that they would pay more if characteristics such as “increases drought tolerance” were used in advertising. Our analysis indicated that the target audience for the wool-based compost is male gardeners older than 25 years who are concerned about the environment.
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Yusriadi, Y., A. Cahaya, MCB Umanailo e SZ Bin Tahir. "Perspectives of rural farming households on home gardens as an agroforestry for food security: a qualitative study in Indonesia". African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 24, n.º 2 (29 de fevereiro de 2024): 25645–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.127.23365.
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In developing countries, rural farmers contribute significantly to food production, but their households are still vulnerable to poverty, food insecurity, and malnutrition. Food security is a concept that refers to the ability of a country or region to ensure the availability, accessibility, and utilization of sufficient and nutritious food for its entire population, both in normal situations and under crisis conditions such as natural disasters or political instability. Food security is critical as it is directly related to national security, public health, and sustainable development. To improve food security, governments and international agencies often focus on policies such as increased food production, diversification of food sources, sustainable management of natural resources, and food assistance programs for vulnerable populations. The practice of agroforestry in home gardens offers a variety of readily available, cost-effective, and nutritious food options, which plays a significant role in enhancing the food security of agricultural families. Agroforestry, an integrated land management system combining food crops, trees, and sometimes livestock, offers a potential solution to improve food security. By growing various crops, farmers are not solely dependent on a single source of food, which reduces the risk of crop failure. Agroforestry systems increase resilience to climate change by reducing the impact of natural disasters, such as floods and droughts. Trees can act as wind barriers, reduce soil erosion, and aid in water conservation. This qualitative research with a systematic exploratory approach and grounded analysis examines how agroforestry contributes to farmers' food security by conducting in-depth interviews with farmers in North Luwu, Indonesia. The study identified home garden categories of agroforestry and then evaluated the role of agroforestry food production in terms of securing the food needs of households. The study discovered that restructure food bolsters across various income brackets by promoting healthier eating habits. Additionally, food production enhances the sustainability of food supplies for households and the health and prosperity of agriculturalists. The primary obstacles to producing food at the household level were identified as secure access to appropriate land and the possession of adequate farming expertise. Key words: agroforestry, farmer, rural, food security, household, home garden, Indonesia
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Venkateswarlu, Dr Ch. "The Protection of the Environment in the Purview of Law". International Journal of Research and Review 9, n.º 8 (10 de agosto de 2022): 184–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20220816.
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The concept of Environment is not new, it has been derived from ancient Vedas and Upanishads, and classical Greek works. Emperor Ashoka had planted trees to provide oxygen to the pedestrians. That means the Govt. of the third century BC had tried to protect Environment to provide oxygen to the living creatures on the earth. Delhi Sultan Firoz tughluk had grown orchards and gardens to reduce the impact of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The Mughals tried to provide protected drinking water to their citizen with amalgamation of different species of grass with the water. The early East India Company tried to protect Environment by growing large trees. After the independence, the Govt. of India made plan to protect Environment but all the efforts are in vain. After the Stockholm Convention serious efforts have been made by Governments across the world to protect Environment. MC Mehatha an Environmentalist filed several PILS to protect animals in the Zoo and river water from pollution. For the first time, Rajeev Gandhi Govt. had initiated the Ganga Action plan to protect the river Ganga from pollution. The efforts of MC Mehatha are successful with the passing of Acts such as the Water Act, Air Act, and Environment Protection Act. This explanation tried to highlight different laws pertaining to the national and international arena to protect the environment by which human beings can safeguard the Earth Globe. The original intention of this paper is to understand environmental pollution, its impact, and the role of the laws and Governments in the protection of the environment in India. Keywords: Environment, Judiciary, Protection, Law, Conventions
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Saha, Abhirup, Subhajit Das, Prapti Das, Debayan Raha e Dhiraj Saha. "Butterfly Diversity in the Campus area of University of North Bengal, West Bengal, India." Journal of Tropical Biology & Conservation (JTBC) 20 (15 de outubro de 2023): 245–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.51200/jtbc.v20i.4520.
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Butterflies play a crucial role as bio-indicators, signaling the health of ecosystems and biodiversity, making their conservation vital. The northern region of West Bengal in eastern India is renowned for its remarkable butterfly diversity. The University of North Bengal campus, spanning 315.99 acres at the Eastern Himalayan foothills (26°42′34.03″N; 88°21′14.96″E), is home to diverse flora and fauna. The surrounding area offers a variety of habitats, including forests, grasslands, tea gardens, and wetlands, which support numerous animal species. This study aimed to assess butterfly diversity in three distinct geographical sites within the university campus: the Tea garden area (dominated by tea and rubber plants), Salkunja (a forested area with a semi-perennial stream dominated by Sal trees), and Magurmari (an area with semi-perennial streams, ponds, ephemeral water bodies, paddy fields, and grasslands). Monthly butterfly observations were conducted from December 2021 to January 2023. The study documented 55 butterfly species from six families (Hesperiidae, Lycaenidae, Nymphalidae, Papilionidae, Pieridae, and Riodinidae), with Nymphalidae being the most prevalent and Riodinidae the least. Notably, the ecotone area of Magurmari exhibited the highest butterfly species diversity. Four species protected under the Wildlife (Protection) Act (WPA), 1972, were also identified. This research aims to analyze butterfly diversity in relation to their habitats and conservation needs within the university campus, contributing to the development of a concise checklist specific to this district for effective conservation efforts. The study underscores the significant butterfly diversity found on the campus, emphasizing the urgent need for focused conservation actions.
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Volkova, E. A., e V. N. Khramtsov. "Vegetation map of the “Osinovaya Roshcha” monument of garden art (St. Petersburg)". Geobotanical mapping, n.º 2022 (2022): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/geobotmap/2022.23.
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This article continues a series of publications devoted to vegetation mapping of existing and prospective specially protected natural areas of St. Petersburg. The “Osinovaya Roshcha” is a monument of garden art of the late XVIII–early XIX centuries. It is located on the northern border of St. Petersburg in a picturesque kame landscape, where sandy hills alternate with small bogged depressions and lakes. The landscape park of the Levashov-Vyazemsky estate was created in the forested area dominated by spruce, pine and birch. Since the 1780s oak, linden, ash, larch, fir, Siberian, Weymouth and other pines were planted there (Isachenko, 2004). A large-scale map of the actual vegetation of the “Osinovaya Roshcha” park and the adjacent territory was compiled for the first time. The natural forest, bog and meadow plant communities are characteristic features of the northern part of the area. The broad-leaved and coniferous trees, planted in the central part more than 200 years ago, have formed various plant communities, including mixed stands of local flora species and introduced trees. The southern part of the park is occupied mainly by broad-leaved introduced forest stands. Vegetation is divided into three sections in the map legend — natural, introduced, and formed by both native and introduced species. Each section represents vegetation types (or groups of types) (forest vegetation, mire vegetation, etc.); then forest communities are subdivided into classes of formations and formations, bog communities — according to the types of water-mineral nutrition. The mapped units are associations, subassociations and their variants, identified according the ecological-phytocoenotic classification. Territorial units — ecological series and combinations of plant communities — were also used in the map legend. Short-term secondary communities formed under various ecological (mainly anthropogenic) factors are subordinate to conventionally primary ones. They are indicated by indices at the legend numbers. Various types of shading were used on the map to distinguish natural and introduced vegetation. The vegetation map of the “Osinovaya Roshcha” represents a diversity of plant communities: they are forest (spruce, pine, birch) and bog (lowland, transitional, upland) communities typical of the region, as well as old-growth larch (Larix sibirica) and broad-leaved (oak, linden, elm, mixed composition) forests formed by introduced trees. Last ones are rare for the region. The plant community of Carex brizoides, found in the park, is of great interest among the communities of herbaceous plant introducers. This sedge is a rare species for St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region, which probably like the Poa chaixii was used for sodding the park soils.
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Cooper, Sarah. "Decolonial gesture and the screening of the botanical artist in Miasma, Plants, Export Paintings (Bo Wang and Pan Lu, 2017)". Alphaville: Journal of Film and Screen Media, n.º 23 (15 de julho de 2022): 93–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/alpha.23.05.
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Bo Wang and Pan Lu’s split-screen video essay Miasma, Plants, Export Paintings (2017) charts the relationship between its titular categories and British imperialism in China, especially the colonial possession of Hong Kong as a result of the Opium Wars in the nineteenth century. It centres on the collecting of plants from China for the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew, along with their documentation through botanical drawings by local Chinese artists. The video essay shows fleeting glimpses of several anonymous Chinese paintings, revealing in the process the dual sense of screening at the heart of the colonialist enterprise that involved showcasing the art while obscuring the artist. Wang and Lu, in contrast, return attention to the skills of the Chinese artists. Through their own dual vision, they challenge myriad hierarchical colonial images of human-plant relations. Drawing on Vilém Flusser’s work on the gesture of video and combining this with Walter D. Mignolo’s discussion of decolonial gesture, I show how Wang and Lu question through their own artistic gestures the distortions of the colonial gaze evident within dominant western image regimes. In this, their work speaks indirectly to recent writings in the environmental humanities and critical plant studies that valorise more lateral relations between humans and plants.
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Hassan, A. Z. "Effect of magnetized irrigation water with different gausses on the growth and mucilage percentage on two varieties of Calendula officinalis L." Journal of Biotechnology Research Center 6, n.º 2 (1 de junho de 2012): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24126/jobrc.2012.6.2.211.
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he study was conducted in of Appliad art/ Zafarania garden during 2011-2010 season to investigat the effet of magnetized Water of different Gausses (0, 500 , 1000( Gausses on growth, Root charactors and mucilage percentage of calendula offianala L. var lemon queen and orang king. RCBD design with three Replications was used. Results showed that highest average of leaf length, dry percentage of Vegtative growth, Chlorophyll percentage, roots length, root diameter, dry weight of roots for Both cultivars due to the irrigation with the magenetized water with 1000 Gausses reached up to (14.95cm, % 28.90, % 42.98, % 2.98). However there was a signification increase in treatment on mucilage percentage in leaves and roots reached up to (2.85, 1.02)% compare with control treatment. The highest percentage of dry weight leaf and root, Chlorophyll percentage and mucilage percentage of leaf and root at Yellow queen reached up to (28.24%, 42.40%, 2.72%, 5.70mm, 2.91gm 0.94%).
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Lambert, W. G. "Trees, snakes and gods in ancient Syria and Anatolia". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 48, n.º 3 (outubro de 1985): 435–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00038428.
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For too long study of ancient Near Eastern representational art and study of possibly related texts have been entirely separate disciplines, the one a branch of archaeology, the other of philology. This accounts for the very scanty results obtained and their frequently questionable character. In the case of Classical Greece and Rome art historians ordinarily command Greek and Latin so as to use written sources at first hand, but Near Eastern archaeologists have commonly been illiterate in their fields of study, while philologists often have limited knowledge of art and use that very amateurishly. Thus it is an occasion for rejoicing that a serious attempt has just been made on some very difficult material from Syria and Anatolia, and that one major break-through has resulted which opens up prospects of fuller understanding of certain aspects of ancient art. The author, E. Williams-Forte, is primarily an art historian with a speciality in ancient Near Eastern seals, and she has taken an interest in Ugaritic to be able to exploit that material. Her Columbia Ph.D. thesis: Mythic cycles: the iconography of the gods of water and weather in Syria and Anatolia during the Middle Bronze Age (ca. 2000–1600 B.C.) has not been published, but a lengthy article derived from parts of it has recently appeared. This starts from the tree and snake in the garden of Eden and investigates their possible Canaanite background. The original observation of major importance is that the storm god of Syria and Anatolia of the first half of the second millennium B.C., Anatolian Tarhunna, Syrian Hadad or Baal, Mesopotamian Adad, occasionally holds up a plant, branch or tree as a symbol.
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Das, Diganta, e Tracey Skelton. "Hydrating Hyderabad: Rapid urbanisation, water scarcity and the difficulties and possibilities of human flourishing". Urban Studies 57, n.º 7 (14 de maio de 2019): 1553–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098019838481.
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The city of Hyderabad plays a significant role in urban transition processes at play in India. Cyberabad, a section of the city of Hyderabad, developed through the rapid urbanisation of rural villages and land, becoming a high-tech, state of the art, globally connected enclave. On weekday mornings in the neighbourhood of Madhapur, smartly dressed HITEC City workers, with ID tags, emerge from hostel accommodation and walk alongside large, black buffalo being herded into rundown dairies. This paradoxical use of space is replicated in the urban fabric of Cyberabad and surrounding Madhapur. Cheek-by-jowl urbanisation has created two very different types of urban locale: Cyberabad – air-conditioned, gardened, watered – a space of hydration and flourishing; and Madhapur – hot, dusty and desiccated – a space of dryness and water struggles. This paper explores whether aspects of urban flourishing and resilience are possible in the newly formed Telangana state and its capital, Hyderabad, through an examination of the past, present and future of the city’s water.
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Tran, Thi Anh Thoa. "Effect of Phytohormones on In-vitro Bud and Root Formation of the Water Hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes". Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications 15, n.º 4 (25 de dezembro de 2022): 490–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/15.4.3.
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Water hyacinth is an aquatic plant, of which proliferation rate is extremely rapid as a weed, causing great economic, social and environmental damage. On the other hand, the water hyacinth also has potential economic value, because it is used as food for livestock, gas, fertilizer, environmental treatment, art crafts, decoration items, as well as herbal medicine. This research investigated the effects of concentrations of BA (Benzyl adenine) and NAA (Naphthylacetic acid) on in-vitro bud and root formation of Eichhornia crassipes [Mart.] Solms to create in-vitro sample source which is initially used in subsequent researches of water hyacinth. After 4 weeks of in-vitro culture, the results showed that the two-layer MS (Murashige Skoog) medium – the lower solid agar medium and the upper liquid medium – accompanied by aerobic culture conditions supplemented with 0.5 mg/L BA were suitable for bud proliferation. Next, these explants after destroying shoot apical meristem were transferred to MS medium supplemented with 0.75 mg/L BA suitable for bud development. The mature buds were transferred to MS medium supplemented with 0.25 mg/L NAA, suitable for rooting of water hyacinth and gave high survival rate (83.00%) when planted in the garden on hydroponic nutrient medium Howard of 600ppm.
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Caymaz, Gökçen Firdevs Yücel, e Günel Safarova. "Examination of Hospital Landscape Design Principles, Case Study of Five Hospitals in Baku". Architecture and Urban Planning 19, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2023): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aup-2023-0010.
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Abstract This study aims to evaluate hospital outdoor design landscaping requirements. In addition to taking into account user groups such as adult and child patients, hospital staff and visitors, also such elements as hospital entrances and exits, parking areas, hospital roads, children’s playgrounds, rest areas, water elements, art elements, field furniture, planting and maintenance subjects were determined to be important in a successful hospital garden design. A checklist has been prepared that includes these identified issues. The checklist was tested on five selected hospitals in Baku, Azerbaijan. According to a comparative analysis of hospital outdoor designs, it was determined that the Liv Bona Dea Hospital topped the list, followed by the National Oncology Hospital as having the most successful open space hospital designs.