Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Water gardens in art"
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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Water gardens in art"
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Fekete, Albert, e Reza Haidari. "Special aspects of water use in Persian gardens". Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Agriculture and Environment 7, n.º 1 (1 de dezembro de 2015): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ausae-2015-0007.
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Abstract The Persian garden is one of the most characteristic and notable element in the Iranian landscape. Considering Iran’s hot and dry climate along with water deficit for plantation, it becomes noticeable how important the art of making gardens is to Iranians. Water is one of the most crucial elements in the Persian garden, and we can state that gardens would be meaningless without it. Garden applications use water with its various abilities such as life, brightness, cleanliness, light, inertia, and motion, which bring forward numerous feelings in the human soul and enhance mental comfort. Also, its various running structures, such as basins, streams, water creeks, and fountains, provide mental comfort and technical functions.
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Cen, Xiaofeng, Gao Letian, Selvaraj Jonathan Nimal e Zhu Yisong. "The Aesthetics of Water Management of The Humble Administrator's Garden". Journal of Aesthetic Education 57, n.º 2 (1 de julho de 2023): 73–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/15437809.57.2.05.
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Abstract With the development of literati gardens during the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), the layout and design level of gardens reached an unprecedented height. As the representative of Suzhou gardens, The Humble Administrator's Garden (Zhuozhengyuan, 拙政园, 1530) has unique natural conditions and mature garden design, and its water management art is particularly exquisite. The best-preserved graphic information of The Humble Administrator's Garden are the poems and paintings by Wen Zhengming (文徵明, 1470–1559), including Thirty-One Scenes of The Humble Administrator's Garden (拙政园三十一景图, 1533), thirty landscape poems, and the biography Wang's Humble Administrator's Garden (王氏拙政园记, 1533). As the research object, this article aims to restore the image of The Humble Administrator's Garden by analyzing the water scene of the garden, summarizing its water technique and art, and extracting “Source of inflowing water” (为有源头活水来), “Esteem the mountain, revere the water, imitate the heaven and earth” (敬山畏水, 象天法地), “Fusion of the imitation of nature and the subjective ideas of the artist” (外师造化, 中得心源), and “Free and unfettered, enjoy the joy of leisure” (逍遥自得, 享闲居之乐) as the water aesthetic thoughts of the garden. In addition, this article provides some reference for the current landscape design.
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Wang, Yanting, Along Bu, Xin Xin e Lin Lu. "Xishu Celebrity Memorial Gardens under the influence of water culture". E3S Web of Conferences 143 (2020): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014301005.
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The celebrity memorial gardens are the most prominent in Xishu gardens, showing strong memorial. As the most characteristic cultural element of Xishu area, water contributes a lot to the development of Xishu gardens and becomes an indispensable element in gardening. By tracing back to the background of the formation and development of water culture, this paper analyses the relationship between the historical celebrities and water in Xishu, and summarizes the art of water in Xishu celebrity memorial gardens under the infiltration of water culture. This paper not only reflects the aesthetic value of water from the perspective of formal beauty, but also creates the poetic and artistic conception and the connotation of humanistic spirit through the combination with other gardening elements. At last the article reveals its significance and value of water culture in celebrity memorial gardens and tries to provide inspiration for future regional garden design.
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Mu, Juncheng. "Landscape Art in A Treatise on Garden Design and The Craft of Gardens: A Comparative Analysis". Science Insights 42, n.º 1 (31 de janeiro de 2023): 771–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15354/si.22.or051.
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A Treatise on Garden Design is the earliest Japanese treatise on landscape art, while The Craft of Gardens is its earliest Chinese counterpart. The former was composed roughly 500 years before the latter. Both are highly regarded in the landscape architectural com-munity. A Treatise on Garden Design elaborates on the techniques of stone and water ar-rangement in landscape design and draws significantly on Buddhism, the Yin-Yang theo-ry, and the theory of the Five Elements, illustrating the profound influence of metaphysics in China’s Wei, Jin, and Southern and Northern Dynasties. In addition to traditional Chi-nese concepts, it also incorporates Japanese national culture. The Craft of Gardens illus-trates the penchant for isolation among Chinese nobles and intellectuals in their creative idea of a garden landscape while providing a thorough overview of garden construction in ancient times. It exemplifies the achievements of traditional Chinese landscape art. This paper demonstrates, through a comparative analysis of the two works, that Chinese classical gardens, as a sign of secluded culture, demonstrate an appropriate integration of human design and natural elements and permit individual creativity regardless of the established rules, whereas their Japanese counterparts emphasize the actual simulation of nature.
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Makhmudova, Malika, e Muhayyo Makhmudova. "ISLAMIC STYLE IN LANDSCAPE DESIGN ON THE EXAMPLE OF ANCIENT GARDENS OF THE TEMURID PERIOD". SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 5 (20 de maio de 2020): 706. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2020vol5.4990.
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The article considers the history of the creation and development of the Islamic garden, the characteristic features of landscape gardening art in the Islamic style through the prism of the development of ancient gardens of the Temurid period, in particular, on examples of gardens in Central Asia, Afghanistan and India, and other countries, including their perspectives development, as well as proposals for the creation of modern landscape design. Today, with the urbanization and the growth of cities, less territory remains for the green zone, therefore one of the main problems throughout the world is the preservation of the environment, and especially landscape architecture. Gardening art has come a long way and many masterpieces have been irretrievably lost. Today, all aspects of the history and development of Islamic-style gardens and parks are still not disclosed. For this reason the issue of studying traditional Islamic-style gardens and, of course, reviving the traditional park-building culture of the Temurids and Baburids era was raised in Uzbekistan to create a green environment of historical sites and national parks. As a result of the research, the following were considered and identified: the history of the development of Islamic landscape design, the types of gardens in the Islamic style, the history of the creation of various gardens, their names, planning and compositional solutions, characteristic features, decorative techniques for building gardens in Central Asia, Afghanistan, India, technical and water devices used in the Temurid Gardens, as well as the importance of the Temurids dynasty in creating gardens and parks in Afghanistan and India. The conducted research, the experience of designing and creating Islamic gardens in Central Asia, Afghanistan, India and other countries will allow using the recommendations aimed at creating a modern garden in the Islamic style not only in Uzbekistan, but in other countries.
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Cubino, Josep Padullés, Josep Vila Subirós e Carles Barriocanal Lozano. "Maintenance, Modifications, and Water Use in Private Gardens of Alt Empordà, Spain". HortTechnology 24, n.º 3 (junho de 2014): 374–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.24.3.374.
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Water scarcity in developed countries along the Mediterranean coast may be aggravated in the near future due to rising water demand. The recent growth of low-density urban developments in these regions has led to an increase in the number of private domestic gardens. These particular landscapes may account for a large proportion of total domestic water use. This article examines the features and management practices of private gardens in relation to their relative water requirements. To calculate this variable, we use a method based on the relative water needs of garden species and the area of vegetation cover. In addition, transformations in the layouts of the gardens over the last 5 years, as well as various expected changes, are assessed. In total, 258 domestic gardens along the coast of Catalonia were investigated and their owners interviewed. A list of all plants growing in the gardens was recorded. The results indicate that the presence of turf is related to professional landscaping design, property age, and swimming pool presence. Moreover, gardens with greater landscape water requirements have more efficient watering systems. We present a progressive strategy for garden restructuring that may reduce water use while increasing the number of orchards and fruit trees.
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Khalil, Ahsan, Nijah Akram, Muti ul haq, Dr Ayesha Mehmood Malik e Sheikh Husnain Asif. "TRACING THE ETHEREAL: EXPLORING AESTHETIC HERITAGE AND CULTURAL IDENTITY IN HISTORIC GARDENS - A CASE STUDY OF SHALIMAR GARDEN". Journal of Arts & Social Sciences 11, n.º 1 (30 de junho de 2024): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.46662/jass.v11i1.444.
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Mughal gardens are a prominent figure in the history of landscape architecture, serving as a symbol of artistic talent and horticultural genius. The Mughal gardens thrived throughout the Mughal Empire's rule in South Asia, and this dissertation investigates the profound philosophy that underpinned its design planting methods. The study explores the sociocultural factors that influenced Mughal gardening practices within the historical framework of that period. This study makes use of both primary and secondary sources to illuminate the main components of Mughal Garden design, including the widespread use of geometric patterns, water features, and the blending of architecture and landscape. A strong link between the gardens and the Mughal worldview is shown when the research additionally looks at the spiritual and metaphorical meanings connected to the fauna and plants selected for these gardens. Additionally, the study focuses on the cultivation practices used by Mughal horticulturists, showcasing their creative approaches to attaining a harmonic fusion of form and function. Mughal gardens are renowned for their overall visual effect, mostly due to the careful selection and placement of their flora. This dissertation tries to uncover the underlying plantation philosophy of Mughal gardens through a thorough investigation of historical records and garden ruins, highlighting the complex interactions between art, culture, and environment throughout this era. Modern landscape designers and hobbyists may take inspiration from the Mughal approach to horticulture and apply its timeless wisdom to contemporary gardening techniques by comprehending the fundamental ideas that guided the building of these gardens.
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Pandey, Anjali. "WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF KALIYADEH MAHAL". International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 6, n.º 3 (31 de março de 2018): 302–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i3.2018.1531.
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Water in architecture of India played an important role in the culture. Indians developed the traditional hydro engineering to conserve Rain water, Ground water, river, and other natural resources. It could be seen since earliest times. Stepwells were first used as an art form by the Hindus and they influenced many other structures, Mughal Gardens are the examples of the incorporation of water in the design of Architecture. The designs of the gardens are of the medieval Islamic Period.
Kaliadeh Mehel near Bheravgarh Fort at the bank of River Kshripa. Ujjain (Madhya Pradesh) is well known and one of the most famous historical landmarks of Madhya Pradesh, it is the fusion of Hindu – Persian architecture. The palace has the exclusive designed water system.
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Stančius, Antanas, e Petras Grecevičius. "Influence of Ancient Mesopotamian Aesthetics of Gardens/Parks and Water Installations on the Development of Landscape Architecture". ATHENS JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE 8, n.º 1 (17 de dezembro de 2022): 9–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/aja.8-1-1.
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Based on the information from fundamental historical sources, the oldest origins of civilization can be found in the river valleys of the Tigris and the Euphrates. Throughout Mesopotamia important routes of trade and migration of peoples followed, which influenced the emergence and development of one of the world’s first urban-type civilizations. It was here that the Sumerian civilization evolved, leading to a major cultural and technological breakthrough. Their widely used irrigation canals influenced not only the landscape, but also the entire ecological, economic and political systems of the time, water being a particularly important factor in this civilization. The oldest known gardens have also expanded here, and the Hanging Gardens of Babylon still fuel people's imagination. Due to its unique geographical location, the region has had a profound impact on the surrounding nations, and it is no accident that the Assyrian Imperial Parks of Northern Mesopotamia exerted a great influence on the civilizations that followed. Undoubtedly, ancient Mesopotamia occupies a fundamental place in the development of garden art. With the growing use of roof gardens and the use of plants in modern architectural constructions as an extremely important tool for composition, it is worth exploring more closely the origins of this landscape-relevant process.
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Kyselov, V. M., e G. V. Kyselovа. "HISTORICAL PARKS OF UKRAINE. FROM HISTORY TO MODERNITY". Bulletin of Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, n.º 81 (7 de dezembro de 2020): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2415-377x-2020-81-18-25.
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Abstract. The article explores the issues of the emergence and development of historical parks in Ukraine. There are four periods of formation and development of historical parks in Ukraine: the first ‒ from the times of Kievan Rus to the middle of the 17th century (the origin of park building), the second ‒ from the middle of the 17th century before the revolution of 1917 (construction of mainly private palaces and park ensembles), the third ‒ from 1918 to 1991 (soviet period), the fourth ‒ from 1991 to the present (the period of independence of Ukraine). The definition of the concept «historical park» is given. The park is a work of art. A unique situation in human practice: to create a living and perfect work of art at the same time. Gardens and parks provide this opportunity. The park is history. The historical park preserves and broadcasts this history to us ‒ it is an object of cultural heritage, our common heritage. Sometimes the park is also a museum-reserve and bears the function of preserving heritage. Historical gardens and parks often acquire the status of monuments. Monuments of landscape gardening art are historical and cultural monuments that organically include plants, landscape features (hills, water sources and waterfalls, stream or river valleys, stones, rocks, distant landscape perspectives, sometimes wetlands), architectural structures, sculptures, flower beds, etc. Historical parks of cities include palaces and manor complexes, botanical gardens, city parks and memorial parks, as well as parks-monuments. In total, there are 88 historical parks-monuments of landscape gardening art of national and 426 local significances in Ukraine. Parks-monuments of landscape gardening art of local importance include: parks of culture and recreation, arboretums, woodlands used as recreation parks, and other objects. In particular, in the Odessa region there are 22 parks-monuments, in the city of Odessa ‒ 5 parks-monuments of gardening art (T. Shevchenko Park, Dyukovsky Garden, City Garden, Victory Arboretum, Park named after Savitsky). The article highlights the main problems in the restoration work of historical parks and solutions. The history of the emergence and development of parks in Ukraine is analyzed. It was concluded that the historical parks are multifaceted and interesting not only for architectural ensembles, but also for their biocenosis.
Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Water gardens in art"
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Salehi, Mana. "El agua y las simbologías del jardín en el arte contemporáneo". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/404325.
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He desarrollado una investigación doctoral intentando descubrir la influencia del agua y las simbologías del jardín en el arte contemporáneo, tomando como base mi propia práctica artística, asentada en una serie de proyectos visuales de carácter multimedia, cuyo objeto principal trata la relación entre, el agua y el cuerpo, el agua y el paisaje emocional, el agua y los jardines. Las creaciones y propuestas artísticas que componen este proyecto de investigación se centran en la reflexión sobre las ideas de “la nada” como resorte de creación y recreación y “la energía del vacío” como energía de ausencia, enmarcadas ambas en el contexto de “aparecer y desaparecer” que se da en diversos ámbitos. Esta investigación, propone un estudio teórico y práctico, para crear un marco multidisciplinar que englobe nanotecnología, ciencia, filosofía y arte, con el fin de indagar la subjetividad de un nuevo modo de pensar y de ser en la relación de la temporalidad y la espacialidad implícita en los proyectos artísticos.
Esta investigación me llevó al estudio de la teoría de la estética cuántica de Max Planck (1899), el concepto de experiencia pura de Nishida Kitaro (1892-1927), la mecánica de los fluidos, las teorías bachelardianas sobre la materia y el espacio (1934), el pensamiento de Heidegger sobre el ser y el sentido del ser (1962), el concepto de mirada liquida hacia la existencia de un Arte líquido o Modernidad liquida de Zygmunt Bauman (1970), El jardín como arte de Javier Maderuelo (1997) y su reflexión sobre el arte y la naturaleza, y el concepto Mui Shizen del taoísmo por Akiko Tsukamoto (2007). También investigué autores filosófico-místicos sobre los conocimientos de la existencia de sufismo de Ibn Arabi XII y del taoísmo representado por Lao-Tse y Zhuangzi alrededor del siglo VI a. C. Además he revisado paralelamente las obras de artistas occidentales, japoneses e iraníes relacionados de alguna manera con el agua y las simbologías del jardín en el arte contemporáneo. A lo largo de este estudio, la presencia del agua como materia constituye la base de la creación y la recreación, con características de transparencia, suavidad y transitoriedad. En esta exploración, he buscado el potencial del agua en las diferentes culturas para vincular el territorio del paisaje exterior con del paisaje emocional que descubrimos a través de nuestro cuerpo. Para desarrollar y experimentar este tema he organizado tres estancias de investigación y he creado tres proyectos artísticos en Estados Unidos, Irán y Japón.
La motivación para crear experiencias en este estudio es la de contribuir al desarrollo de una conciencia colectiva aportando creaciones e ideas artísticas que favorezcan una equilibrada relación entre naturaleza y vida urbana entendiendo esta como artificial. He experimentado que el arte nos permite una vía de exploración de la espiritualidad contemporánea que posibilita el florecimiento de una sensibilidad personal con del mundo actual. De esta forma, mi objetivo es ofrecer una visión en la que se relacione el arte contemporáneo, la naturaleza y la ciencia para explorar nuevas maneras de integrar las tecnologías más avanzadas con el patrimonio y las tradiciones culturales, dirigiéndonos hacia la aldea global.This doctoral research aims to reveal the influence of water and garden symbology in contemporary art. It is based on my own artistic practice consisting of a series of visual multimedia projects, whose main focus is the relationship between water and the body, water and emotional landscape and water and gardens. The works and artistic proposals that make up this research project reflect upon ideas of "nothingness" as a source of creation and recreation, and upon "energy of empty space" as energy of absence. Both of these concepts are framed as "appearances and disappearances" occurring in a number of different areas. This research proposes a theoretical and practical study for the creation of a multidisciplinary framework which encompasses nanotechnology, science, philosophy and art, in order to investigate the subjectivity of a new way of thinking and being in relation to implicit temporality and spatiality in artistic projects. This research led me to examine Max Planck's theory of quantum aesthetics (1899), Nishida Kitaro´s concept of pure experience (1892-1927), the mechanics of fluids, Bachelard´s theories on matter and space (1934), Heidegger's thinking on being and the sense of being (1962), Zygmunt Bauman’s concept of liquid gaze in his Liquid Art or Liquid Modernity (1970), Javier Maderuelo’s reflections on art and nature in The Garden as Art (1997), and Akiko Tsukamoto’s Mui Shizen concept of Taoism (2007). I also investigated the writings of mystical-philosophical scholars concerning the Sufism of Ibn Arabi XII and the Taoism of Lao-Tse Zhuangzi, 6th century BC. In parallel, I reviewed the works of Western, Japanese and Iranian artists that are related in some way to water and garden symbology in contemporary art. Throughout this study, the presence of water as matter constitutes the basis of creation and recreation, with characteristics of transparency, smoothness and transience. In this exploration, I have sought the potential of water in different cultures to link the territory of the outer landscape with the emotional landscape that we discover through our bodies. I organized three research stays and created three artistic projects in the United States, Iran and Japan in order to develop and understand this subject matter. The motivation for the creation of experiences in this study is to contribute to the development of a collective consciousness by providing artistic works and ideas that favour a balanced relationship between nature and urban life, the latter understood as artificial. I have found that art consents the exploration of contemporary spirituality, allowing for the blossoming of a personal sensitivity in relation to the contemporary world. My goal is to offer a vision that connects contemporary art, nature and science for the exploration of new ways of integrating the most advanced technologies with heritage and cultural traditions, to lead us towards the global village.
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Grant, Laura Jane. "Pleasure Gardens". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73680.
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This thesis is comprised of a series of paintings that study historical representations of styles, forms and symbols found in gardens. It is less a research project into the history, meaning, and rules of these different gardens throughout time and more of an appreciation, appropriation and reinvention in fantastical form. There is no attempt in these paintings to represent objects or things that exist in the physical world, but instead a desire to create a new fantasy world. The image of ‘garden as paradise’ has been part of our human mythos for a very long time. The image of ‘garden of eden’ appears in the old testament of the Bible. There was a similar early image of ‘garden as paradise’ in Zoroastrian beliefs in ancient ‘Persia’.Master of Architecture
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Monshizade, Arezou. "L'eau, comme élément d'ambiance : le jardin persan, entre rareté et abondance". Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENH036.
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L'eau anime un paysage particulier par ses qualités physiques et aussi par la vie et l'activité qu'elle apporte, où qu'elle se trouve, mais l'homme peut être confronté à un contexte de rareté ou d'abondance de cet élément fondamental selon les régions du monde. L'eau, pour ses qualités esthétiques et environnementales, est perçue comme une ressource précieuse. Par la relation perceptive, significative et symbolique qu'elle crée avec l'homme, elle inspire les concepteurs et les architectes qui se nourrissent de cette relation pour imaginer différents espaces ou monuments où le liquide et le solide s'allient ou se fondent. Avec les développements de la science moderne et la notion d'environnement durable, l'eau a été transformée en « H2O » comme une matière à consommer qui tendrait à perdre ses capacités sensibles. D'autre part, les menaces qui planent sur cette ressource du fait qu'elle devient rare, en font un enjeu majeur du futur. C'est pourquoi les éléments « naturels » comme l'eau méritent une attention particulière : ils constituent à la fois des facteurs constitutifs d'une ambiance et des domaines fondamentaux de gestion environnementale se rapportant à des problèmes écologiques de première importance. En ce sens, notre recherche vise à articuler une écologie des environnements physiques et naturels à une esthétique des ambiances architecturales et urbaines. Il en va ici du rapport entre le matériel et l'immatériel, question particulièrement importante dans le cadre d'une théorie des ambiances. Tenant compte de cette problématique de recherche, nous avons choisi le jardin persan, à l'origine « paradeiza » (paradis), pour étudier les relations sensibles à une ressource dans un contexte où elle est rare. Bien que ces « paradis » soient situés en contexte désertique, l'eau y joue un rôle fondateur et omniprésent et elle est traitée sous différentes formes et dispositifs. Ainsi, malgré sa ¨rareté¨ dans les régions arides - notamment dans les deux jardins étudiés au centre de l'Iran -, l'eau se révèle alors comme élément construit de l'espace aussi bien qu'élément « formant » de l'ambiance. Nous nous posons la question plus précisément de savoir comment se forme l'ambiance visuelle, sonore, thermique et dynamique à partir d'une quantité minimale d'eau disponible en ces deux jardins. On se concentre plus précisément sur la dimension plurisensorielle de l'eau qui éveille et fait interagir nos sens en considérant principalement les rapports entre la proportion quantitative d'eau utilisée et la qualité de l'ambiance. L'objectif de ce travail est de dégager les principes et les dispositifs architecturaux utilisant l'eau comme élément d'ambiance, d'imaginaire, de structuration spatiale et de support d'usage dans l'aménagement des jardins à l'avenir. Les méthodes mises en œuvre pour évaluer l'impact de l'eau dans la perception de l'ambiance des jardins ont consisté, dans un premier temps en des enquêtes à partir de la mémoire sensible et basées sur les souvenirs et les récits d'une dizaine visiteurs. Cela nous permet d'énoncer une première interprétation sur la mémorisation des ambiances en référence à l'eau. Deuxièmement l'observation des espaces et usages in situ nous aide à repérer les dimensions objectivables de la présence de l'eau. Enfin, nous avons recueilli in situ des commentaires de perception en mouvement auprès d'une vingtaine de visiteurs qui expriment certains effets sensibles et pratiques de l'eau dans le milieu du jardinWhere water is found it animates a particular landscape by its physical qualities and also by the life and activities it brings forth, however man may be confronted with a context of both scarcity or abundance of this fundamental element in different regions of the world. Water is, for its aesthetic and environmental qualities, perceived as a valuable resource. Through the relation is has with man– perceptual, significant and symbolic – it inspires designers and architects who benefit from this relationship for imagining different spaces or monuments where the liquid and the solid combine or merge. With the developments of modern sciences and the notion of environmental sustainability, water has been turned into “H2O” as a material for use which tends to lose its sensory quality. On the other hand, the threats to this resource make it a major issue in the future. For that reason, "natural" elements such as water deserve special attention: they are both the constitutive elements of an ambience and also fundamental for environmental management in relation to environmental issues of primary concern. In this sense, our research aims at articulating an ecology of natural and physical environments for the aesthetics of architectural and urban ambiences. The research concerns the relationship between material and immaterial, questions of particular importance in the context of a theory of ambience. With respect to this problem of research, we have chosen the Persian garden, originally "paradeiza" (Paradise), to examine the sensory relationships of a resource in a context where it is scarce. Although these "paradises" are located in desert environment, water plays a fundamental and ubiquitous role and it is processed in different forms and devices. Thus, despite its “rarity” in arid regions – especially in the two gardens studied in central Iran – the water is revealed as an element for constructing the space as well as also an element “forming” the ambience. To be more specific, we ask about how visual, auditory, thermique, and dynamic ambiences are formed from a minimum amount of water available in these gardens. We focus on multisensory dimensions of water that awake and make our senses interact by considering mainly the quantitative relationship between the proportion of water used and the quality of the ambiance. The aim of this work is to identify the principles and architectural features using water as an element of ambiance, imagination, spatial structure and support of use in designing gardens in the future. The methods used to evaluate the impact of water on the perception of ambiance of the gardens consists of, in the first place, surveys concerning sensorial memory and based on the memories and narratives of the visitors. This allows us to formulate an initial interpretation of memories of ambiance in relation to water. Secondly, observations of spaces and uses in situ help us to identify the objective dimensions of the presence of water. Finally, we collect comments in situ of perception of motion with a score of visitors who expressed certain sensible effects and practical effects of the water in the gardens
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Goldenetz, Jolie A. "Southwest Gardens: Matching Plants with Available Water Resources". Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296683.
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Sellers, Catherine Clabby. "Botanical gardens the influence of Islam, arid lands, and water in the Middle East /". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_1988_201_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Ansari, Shaghayegh Moalemzadeh. "An Investigation into Water Usage and Water Efficient Design for Persian Gardens". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/595836.
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Investigation and research into the Persian Gardens, leading this project into a step that these World Heritage Sites might have been known as sustainable construction, but the fact that water scarcity of their region is a serious threaten for all these amazing Gardens. Thus, enhancing and improving these gardens by merging, adding and adapting todays technologies can make them considered as constructions with water and energy conservation design. Based on nowadays world environment concerns, recognizing renewable and non-renewable sources of energies in a region or site can cause a miracle. Since, almost all Persian Gardens located in regions with arid and semi-arid climate, water poverty as a biggest issue and nonrenewable energy should be included as a problematic concern. There are many available active and passive strategies that can be applied in these heritage sites which decrease water consumption either directly or indirectly. Such as water harvesting, greywater reuse, photovoltaic panels and material changes. Water known as a vital element of each garden for irrigation purposes, but in Persian Garden water is more than a functional element. Thus, finding a way to provide and recycle water beside the underground sources is necessary. Subterranean, springs and wells are resources of water for Persian gardens which renew so slowly or non-renew these days. Being so close to a city with considerable population lunches and idea of using greywater for irrigation in these gardens. In this research, the doable options for energy conservation design for these sites will be discussed, then comparing some case studies in all over world where greywater reusing water system for irrigation is happening will be next step. In conclusion, greywater reusing system in urban scale in order to irrigate a filed or garden will be investigate on a Shazdeh Garden as a main case study of this research.
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Kosmerl, Paul F. "Water Balance of Retrofit, Right-of-way Rain Gardens". The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1337347745.
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Byrne, Joshua. "Mains Water Neutral Gardening: An integrated approach to water conservation in sustainable urban gardens". Thesis, Byrne, Joshua (2016) Mains Water Neutral Gardening: An integrated approach to water conservation in sustainable urban gardens. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2016. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/35055/.
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The role of urban green space in contributing to the liveability of cities and towns is well recognised. Residential gardens make up a large portion of urban green space and how they are designed and managed will determine whether they contribute to environmental enhancement and human wellbeing, or become additional sources of resource depletion and pollution. This thesis demonstrates ways in which gardening can contribute to urban sustainability through thoughtful design and the clever management of water. Two new concepts are presented to achieve this objective: ‘Sustainable Urban Gardening’ and ‘Mains Water Neutral Gardening’.
Sustainable Urban Gardening (SUG) is a multi-criteria sustainability framework that promotes a series of goals, including Energy Efficiency; Organic Waste Recycling and Soil Management; Biodiversity and Habitat Restoration; Organic Pest and Disease Management; Local Food Production; Water Conservation; and Health and Wellbeing of Householders.
Mains Water Neutral Gardening (MWNG) is a site-responsive, integrated approach to water system design and management in residential gardens. It incorporates available lot-scale alternative water sources, such as greywater, rainwater and groundwater, with efficient irrigation practices and local environmental conditions to establish holistic water budgets that are capable of meeting garden water requirements as part of a water-sensitive landscape design.
Three residential case study gardens based on the SUG and MWNG concepts were designed, built and documented as part of this research, whilst also featuring extensively in Australian television and print media. Monitoring demonstrated a reduction in household mains water consumption of between 42% and 92% when compared to local averages whilst addressing the intended SUG goals. The findings show the potential for greywater, rainwater and sustainably managed groundwater to contribute to mains water savings as part of a well-considered landscape design and household, however the high cost of supply in comparison to mains water (on a dollar per kilolitre basis) presents a barrier to broader adoption. Nonetheless, novel methods that optimise these water sources are demonstrated, enabling increased household resilience whilst reducing demand on constrained mains water supplies.
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Rude, Peter Heinz 1961. "Water management and crop selection for intensive gardens in arid regions". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/192004.
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Agricultural development projects in arid regions are hampered by lack of knowledge surrounding the efficient use of water and an understanding of the indigenous people. A method, using computer models, is presented for analyzing water management and selecting a crop mix for intensive gardens in arid regions. The crop mix is constrained by land and water availability and the nutritional requirements of a family. Model results indicate that an intensive garden grown during the entire year in Tucson, Arizona (annual precipitation of 285 mm), would require approximately 140 cm of water per unit area of land with an irrigation application efficiency of 73%. Results are based on irrigating the entire garden using the water requirement of the crop which has the highest demand for water since the previous irrigation. A table showing the nutritional content of five crops per unit of water applied during the growing season is presented.
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Davis, Rachel H. "Changing social norms| California friendly gardens in Long Beach, CA". Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1604877.
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The Lawn to Garden Program incentivizes replacing front yard turf grass with California Friendly gardens in Long Beach, CA. The Long Beach Water Department introduced the program in 2009 as a means of water conservation and since that time 2% of the City’s single-family homes have successfully completed the program. As of the end of 2014, 3,461 applications had been submitted, but only 1,849 Lawn to Garden projects had been completed, a success rate of 53% and withdrawal rate of 47%. This study seeks to identify some of the factors that contribute to the program’s high withdrawal rate, exploring the resources available to participants as well as the barriers to success. Methods used include geographic analysis in the form of density mapping, analysis of survey responses submitted by participants who withdrew from the program, and my professional observations. This study considers which neighborhoods display greater rates of success and withdrawn applications as well as what resources would have most aided those who did not complete their projects.
Livros sobre o assunto "Water gardens in art"
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photographer, Evans Peter (Photographer), ed. Water lilies and Bory Latour-Marliac: The genius behind Monet's Water lilies. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Garden Art Press, 2015.
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Spier, Carol. Water gardens. London: Merehurst, 1993.
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Hériteau, Jacqueline. Water gardens. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1994.
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Renate, Weinberger, e Stevenson Dennis Wm 1942-, eds. Water gardens. [Hauppage, NY]: Barron's, 1992.
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Books, Sunset, ed. Water gardens. Menlo Park, Calif: Sunset Books, 1997.
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1956-, Warwick John, Bolders Jan e Royal Horticultural Society, eds. Water gardens. London: Cassell, 1985.
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Jeff, Williams T., e Sunset Books, eds. Water gardens. Menlo Park, Calif: Sunset Pub., 2004.
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Heritage, Bill. Pondsand water gardens. Poole: Blandford, 1986.
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Gordon, Taylor, e Boursnell Clive, eds. English water gardens. Boston: Little, Brown, 1987.
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1935-, Taylor Gordon, e Boursnell Clive, eds. English water gardens. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1987.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteCapítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Water gardens in art"
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Di Bitonto, Maria Giovanna, Alara Kutlu e Alessandra Zanelli. "Fog Water Harvesting Through Smart Façade for a Climate Resilient Built Environment". In The Urban Book Series, 725–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29515-7_65.
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AbstractWater emergency is one of the terrible effects of climate change; it is defined as the Blue gold of twenty-first century. In this scenario, fog stands as a potential alternative water resource. Many territories are affected by fog phenomenon; here fog collectors have been developed to extract water from humid mass of air. The aim of this paper is to explore the application of this technology in building sector. The Large Fog Collector is the device commonly used for these projects; it is a textile structure, composed of a mesh, two poles and cables. The exploitation of conventional water resources implies a massive distribution system with significant energy consumption and costs. Otherwise, fog harvesting is a passive system; it relieves the stress upon freshwater resources. Nowadays, fog collectors are low tech devices, and fog harvesting projects are commonly developed in arid areas for agricultural and reforestation purposes. Nevertheless, taking advantage of the vertical development of the device, this textile structure shall be integrated in façade, to promote resilient constructions and make buildings water self-sufficient. The paper explores the design criteria for the development of a novel concept of smart water collecting façade. It can promote also shading effect, reducing the use of cooling system, energy demand, so lowering the ecological footprint. Depending on fog Liquid Water Content, the collected water can be used for the irrigation of green roofs, gardens or in an optimal scenario also for domestic use. The analysis of local weather data is crucial to extend the territories where this system can be applied; but, more important, the improvement of the device’s technology is essential to implement it in new application fields.
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Blofeld, John. "Tea Gardens". In The Chinese Art of Tea, 36–44. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003130871-4.
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Coombs, Gretchen. "Gardens and Grains". In The Routledge Companion to Art in the Public Realm, 58–68. Names: Cartiere, Cameron, editor. | Tan, Leon, editor. Title: The Routledge companion to art in the public realm / edited by Cameron Cartiere and Leon Tan. Description: New York : Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429450471-6.
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Chernaik, Warren. "Mean Streets and English Gardens". In The Art of Detective Fiction, 104–23. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-62768-4_9.
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Cleveland, D. A., S. E. Smith e D. Soleri. "Water, soils, and plants." In Food gardens for a changing world, 199–224. Wallingford: CABI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789241006.0199.
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Silva, Aline de Figueirôa. "Hygiene, education and art". In Gardens and Human Agency in the Anthropocene, 19–40. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge environmental humanities: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351170246-2.
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Khan, Gulfishan. "The Mughal Gardens of Kashmir". In Art and Architectural Traditions of India and Iran, 103–19. London: Routledge India, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003229421-10.
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Bergmann, Bettina. "Pompeian Gardens and the Archaeological Imagination". In Women and the Collaborative Art of Gardens, 34–65. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003381549-3.
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Zurakowska, Malgorzata. "The Fourth Dimension of Art". In Gardens and the Passion for the Infinite, 219–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1658-1_14.
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Robinson, Charles Mulford. "The Water Approach." In Modern Civic Art, 39–58. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003101062-3.
Texto completo da fonteTrabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Water gardens in art"
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BALEŽENTIENĖ, Ligita. "THE SCALE OF ECOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT IN URBAN AMATEUR GARDENS". In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.093.
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Though urban areas globally cover only about 3% of the earth’s land surface, the UAGs have received a little attention with regards to their ecological facilities. The main aim of this study remains to assess and compare the choice of ecological management options, which guidelines to improvement of environmental-friendly forms of gardening provided by two different UAGs, e.g. Užuovėja (U) and Nemunas (N) in Kaunas distr., central Lithuania. The gardeners were interviewed to identify their preference of different gardening means and reasons for their ecological choices using a questionnaire (n = 60) containing questions about gardening behaviour were surveyed. The interviewed gardeners differ in their commitment and motivation, their agro-ecological practices, and their habits when growing fruits and vegetables. Ecological means, e.g. self-generated compost, turf and organic fertilizer were applied in 43.3-16.7; 16.7-6.7 and 43.3-16.7% in UAGs N and U, respectively. Only 3 or 10% (N) and 4 or 13.3% (U), of respondent regularly used chemical control means regularly. Unfortunately, only 11 or 36.7% (N) and 4 or 13.3% (U) of respondents regularly and sometimes used biological control means. While 7 or 23.3% (N) and 1 or 3.3% (U) of respondents apply biological control means on rare occasion. The large amount of gardeners’, i.e. 63% (N) and 80% (U) employs the natural water resources. This study shows that choice of the urban gardeners for the farming options proceeds the act of production through the conscious manipulation of natural resources, by the means of mobilizing practices (soil improvement, pest control means, watering), as well as supported by knowledge and sustainable viewpoint. Nonetheless, local ecosystem services will support gardener motivation, enhancing knowledge of sustainable gardening, authorizing the rational use of bio-control and soil improvement products, expresses an essential need for rational usage of water and other environmental resources.
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Feliz, Nerea. "Sutro’s Glass Palace: The Encapsulation of Public Space". In 2018 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.2018.18.
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This paper looks at the Sutro Baths (1894-96) in San Francisco as an early example of the interiorization of public space, as a pioneer “Fun Palace” and a stage of consumption. The Sutro Baths were an encapsulated microcosms, the delirious dream of an ambitious millionaire, engineer, and later major of San Francisco. Sutro, a German immigrant and entrepreneur managed to encapsulate the ocean inside a spectacular glass palace. The history of these baths is also a reflection of the problems of social inclusion and exclusion derived from the privatization of public space. Besides being the largest interior space for bathers in the world at the time, the Sutro Baths are considered to be the first water park: a strange amalgam of pools, burgers, a taxidermy collection, a wax museum and a winter garden aspiring to the hanging gardens of Babylon. The climatized atmosphere and the ocean were sheltered, altered, domesticated and commodified: “Always as balmy and summery as mid-June…Here’s is the spot to loaf in tropic comfort like a Fiji Islander. No nudist and practically no missionaries, but everything else is Number One Triple A Tropical Style!”1 Sutro inaugurated a new typology, the lineage of which portrays a history of attempts to construct autonomous spaces for immersion within altered physics that are internalized and that offer a new type of socio-natural form. Inside these hedonistic bubbles, public life is reduced to a collective leisure experience.
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Gündel, Hande, e Ayşe Kalaycı Önaç. "Sponge City Based on Blue – Green Urbanism". In 7th International Students Science Congress. Izmir International guest Students Association, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/issc.2023.053.
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Blue-Green Infrastructure systems are essential and valuable solutions for urban and rural areas which are facing climate change problem. As climate change negatively affects vegetation systems, water systems, and life cycles, blue-green infrastructure solutions enhance the urban and rural landscape. The system combines the green and water networks and also manages stormwater. BGI develops a variety of urban ecological, economic, social functions, and also urban sustainability and liveability. In addition to these, the systems decrease the need of grey infrastructure and the negative impacts on urban ecology. BGI plays a specific role on development of stream and coastal systems, and also urban green areas. The system emphasizes the protection of hydrologic system and hydrodynamic processes, accordingly, water management systems which consist of rain gardens, green roofs, vertical greening systems, and permeable pavements are used. In the scope of the study, creation of Sponge City with Blue-Green Infrastructure systems and the construction processes are scrutinized. In connection with the idea, sponge city design tools are described.
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Andreev, Nadejda. "Măsuri de întărire a capacității de adaptare la schimbările climatice a ecosistemelor acvatice". In Simpozion "Modificări funcționale ale ecosistemelor acvatice în contextul impactului antropic și al schimbărilor climatice". Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/9789975151979.15.
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The current article presents a bibliographic overview of green infrastructures and their role in strengthening the adaptive capacity of aquatic ecosystems to the adverse effects of climate change (high temperatures, heavy rains, droughts). Different types of ecological infrastructures are presented: forest buffer strips, rain gardens, permeable pavement, drainage ditches; bioengineering structures for bank stabilization. Also the functions performed by green infrastructures to maintain ecosystem services were presented: mitigating the effects of floods, stabilizing banks, preventing landslides and water caused erosion, stormwater management, reducing the load of pollutants. For the implementation of this approach in the hydrographic basin of Dniester River or the Prut River a more detailed study is necessary on the state of habitats, identification of hotspot areas of aquatic biodiversity, particularly those species important for maintaining of ecosystem functions, highlighting of the areas at high risk of floods or erosion.
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Keke, Huang, e Guo Yongyan. "Design of University Roof Public Space Based on Multi-dimensional Emotional Experience". In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002328.
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Background: The global environment is gradually deteriorating, environmental problems are beginning to attract attention, urban green area and water surface area is getting smaller and smaller, but the roof as a side of the building is often neglected, is a piece of space environment in the city has not been fully developed. The form of green roof can take into account the architectural landscape, extend the life of the building, and also improve the urban ecological environment. Based on the consideration of ecological environment and development space, the roof of the School of Mechanical Engineering at Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Changshan Campus, which will be officially opened in 2020, can be used as a rooftop garden to create an activity space for teachers and students that optimizes the rooftop environment and extends the life of the building.Research Objective: This paper is designed from the needs of the audience, combining ergonomics for space partitioning and proposing design priorities. By analyzing the audience's needs for different functional partitions, the way of interaction between the audience and the environment in the space is designed to solve the problem of sustainable utilization of rooftop resources.Research Methodology: This paper establishes a theoretical knowledge system by studying the development history of rooftop gardens and basic knowledge such as design principles, analyzes the environment and audience population, and combines ergonomics to focus on functional design and related details. A questionnaire survey was conducted among school teachers and students. 90.1% of the audience considered the aesthetic appearance of the rooftop garden to be the most important, followed by function and quality. 96.9% of the audience wanted a suitable space for rest and conversation in the rooftop garden, followed by a reading and learning space and a viewing platform.Findings: The design takes into account roof safety, ergonomics, and the usage needs of campus students and faculty, and divides the roof plan into five zones to create a spatial environment with different functions. Finally, based on ergonomics, the design of tables and chairs for the roof garden, the design of interactive landscape facilities and the design of rainwater retention performance are combined with suitable human size parameters to create a sustainable roof space with both aesthetics and multifunctionality around the above design focus. Specific design elements are as follows.(1) The table and chair area provides an open space for people to rest and study. It is made in the form of a tree table. The shape is transformed from a gear form to a more rounded and gentle organic form. The shape of the table and chairs match the physiological curve of the human body, which is ergonomic and feels natural and comfortable in the hand, and the size of the chairs reach 90% and 95% of the population size data.(2) The interactive landscape installation in the entrance area is a circular gravity-sensitive swing, with curves that fit the human body and sensing lights that allow teachers and students to visualize the flow of people in the garden. It makes the interaction between people and the environment more intimate, allowing users to generate and transmit emotions, and improving fun and playability.(3) Design three water storage tanks for storing water, with specifications set at 1 m×1 m×0.5 m. The storage tanks and control boxes are set on the top outdoor ground and designed as an automatic irrigation system that can collect, purify and reuse rainwater, allowing the roof to solve the problem of rainwater resource utilization while improving ecology.Significance of the study: The rooftop garden is significant in that it makes use of the space resources that have been set aside to green the campus and improve the ecological environment on the one hand; on the other hand, it provides space for teachers and students to engage in leisure activities, regulates people's psychological state and improves their quality of life. It improves the quality and value of the building and the ecological environment of the city at the same time.
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Dremsa, J. J., e T. A. Hartsig. "South Lake Park Bioretention Gardens". In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41036(342)153.
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SANYAL, HARSHO, YARA YASSER ELBOROLOSY e JOSEPH CATALDO. "MODELING THE BEHAVIOR OF RAIN GARDENS". In SUSTAINABLE WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 2021. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wrm210131.
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Beizaeijouybari, B., e B. S. Gungor. "The effect of Islam on the design of Iranian gardens". In ISLAMIC HERITAGE ARCHITECTURE AND ART 2016. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/iha160091.
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Jacobs, Tom. "10,000 Rain Gardens, One Green Region". In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41036(342)74.
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Kraus, Michal. "MULTICRITERIA ANALYSIS OF VERTICAL GREENERY SYSTEMS AND GREEN FACADES". In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/6.1/s27.33.
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In recent years, the whole world has been looking for the most suitable solution to deal with global warming and other environmental consequences caused mainly by anthropogenic activities. One of the potential problematic phenomena at present is urbanization, which subsequently has an impact on the enlargement of urban or suburban areas at the expense of green areas. Vertical vegetation systems are part of the blue-green sustainable infrastructure and have become increasingly popular in recent years. With the right design, the vegetation facades cool the building in the summer, warm it up in the winter and support the favorable microclimate in their immediate surroundings. Green facades can retain water at the point of impact and retain it in the substrate itself. The plants then gradually begin to regain and evaporate the water, which cools not only the building envelope but also its surroundings (they prevent the urban heat island effect). Vertical gardens with vegetation capture airborne dust, act as an acoustic absorber, and oxidize their surroundings. In addition, they protect the structure and insulation of the building, thus significantly extending the life of the facade itself. The paper aims at the characteristics of individual types of vertical green systems and the creation of a basic framework of multicriteria analysis for selecting the ideal system for a given object/construction. The multi-criteria comparative analysis evaluates the acquisition costs (investments), biodiversity, landscaping rate, landscaping intensity, maintenance requirements, improvement of the thermal comfort of the building, shape variability, and the durability of the vertical green system.
Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Water gardens in art"
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Metson, Genevieve, Karin Tonderski e Elizabeth Carlsson. Flowing through urban agriculture: Art-science explorations of nutrient movement through Linköping's gardens. Linköping University Electronic Press, fevereiro de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/report-200801.
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This document accompanies an art & science collaborative exhibit exploring how urban agriculture can contribute to sustainable resource flows to support food production, recreation, and water quality.
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Weissinger, Rebecca. Evaluation of hanging-garden endemic-plant monitoring at Southeast Utah Group national parks, 2013–2020. Editado por Alice Wondrak Biel. National Park Service, outubro de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294868.
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Hanging gardens are the most common type of spring at Arches National Park (NP) and Natural Bridges National Monument (NM). They are also present at Canyonlands National Park, but hanging gardens are rare off the Colorado Plateau. Their cliffside setting provides stable access to water without flood disturbance. This combination provides unique habitat that is rich in endemic plant species. The diffuse, seeping emergence of water makes measuring springflow impossible at most sites. Park managers have an interest in monitoring hanging gardens—especially as the climate warms and aridity and water demand both increase. The Northern Colorado Plateau Net-work (NCPN) proposed methods for monitoring seven perennial endemic-plant species at hanging gardens as indicators of spring health and proxies for water availability. Because hanging gardens occur on bedrock outcrops, systematic or random sampling was not possible due to safety concerns and potential resource damage on steep, wet slopes. Examining eight years (2013–2020) of data, this report evaluates the suitability of endemic-plant count data at hanging gardens as a monitoring indicator. It also provides our first evaluation of status and trends at NCPN hanging gardens. The seven species included in monitoring were Rydberg’s thistle (Cirsium rydbergii), Kachina daisy (Erigeron kachinensis), alcove death camas (Zigadenus vaginatus), alcove bog orchid (Habenaria zothecina), cave primrose (Primula specuicola), alcove columbine (Aquilegia micrantha), and Eastwood’s monkeyflower (Mimulus eastwoodiae). Six of the seven species were found at each park. Up to 500 individuals of each species were counted at 42 hanging gardens in Arches NP, 14 hanging gardens in Natural Bridges NM, and 3 hanging gardens in Canyonlands NP. Larger populations were divided into count classes of 501–1,000, 1,001–10,000, and more than 10,000 individuals. Counts from two independent observers and from back-to-back years of sampling were compared for repeatability. Repeatability in count classes was less than 50% for Kachina daisy and Eastwood’s monkeyflower, which both propagate vegetatively via ramets and/or stolons. Repeatability was greater than 90% for only one species, Rydberg’s thistle. The remaining species were categorized in different classes between 15–40% of the time. Independent-observer comparisons were only available for 6.6% of the dataset, but these observations suggested that (1) observer bias was present and (2) the observer with more experience working in hanging gardens generally had higher counts than the observer with less experience in this system. Although repeatability was variable, it was within the range reported by other studies for most species. The NCPN, in discussion with park staff, has elected to make some modifications to the protocol but will continue using endemic plant counts as an indicator of hanging-garden health to maintain a biological variable as a complement to our physical-response data. This is due to their high value to park biodiversity and the difficulty of developing a more robust approach to monitoring in these sites. Endemic-plant monitoring will continue for the five species with the highest repeatability during pilot monitoring and will focus on detecting changes in smaller populations. Most hanging gardens have more than one endemic species present, so several populations can be tracked at each site. Our period of record is relatively brief, and the distribution of endemic-plant populations in different count classes at these sites has not yet shown any statistical trends over time. Be-cause of the large count classes, our methods are more sensitive to showing change in smaller populations (fewer than 500 individuals). Small populations are also of greatest concern to park managers because of their vulnerability to declines or extirpation due to drought. Over-all, more sites had endemic-plant populations of fewer than 100 individuals at the end...
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Martin, Lyra. Inventory for Navajo Sedge, Carex specuicola, along Seeplines at Natural Bridges National Monument. National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2301739.
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Hanging gardens are an important part of the landscape at Natural Bridges National Monument (NABR) and are the most common type of spring within the park. These hanging gardens support a diversity of plant species including the federally listed threatened Navajo Sedge (Carex specuicola; CASP). CASP is confined to seep and spring emergences in sandstone outcroppings in the Four Corners area. Populations of CASP are known throughout northern Arizona and in southern Utah just south of NABR. Much of the potential habitat in southern Utah has not been surveyed for the species. Occurrences of CASP within NABR are at the northernmost extent of CASP?s range in the region and are also unique because they are in a canyon that is tributary to the Colorado River rather than the San Juan River. Since the extent of CASP populations were largely unknown, the objective of this project was to conduct a follow up inventory for CASP at hanging gardens in NABR to help document occurrences of this species at NABR, its presence and absence in suitable habitat, and suggest sites to be incorporated into the regional monitoring program. Sites with positive occurrence of CASP could be targeted for increased protection by the park. Knowledge of these sites may also be used to advocate for management decisions such as the protection of water resources that recharge the springs of CASP habitat. This project resurveyed 64 previously known hanging gardens for CASP and documented and surveyed 26 new seeps found near the existing sites. CASP was not detected at the majority of sites. Four suspected CASP occurrences were documented, two of which had not been previously documented. Data and clippings of the leaves were taken from all new, suspected, or previously known CASP populations for genetic analysis. Genetic analysis of leaf specimens collected at Doug Fir North, North Doug Fir 7, Sipapu 1, and White Canyon 2 confirmed the presence of C. specuicola at these sites.
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Weissinger, Rebecca, Mary Moran, Steve Monroe e Helen Thomas. Springs and seeps monitoring protocol for park units in the Northern Colorado Plateau Network, Version 1.1. National Park Service, junho de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2299467.
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Because of the scarcity of water on the Colorado Plateau and the disproportionately high use by flora and fauna, springs and seeps were quickly identified as an ecosystem of concern for the NCPN. Following the determination of network-wide vital signs, parks were asked to select their top priorities for monitoring. Four parks have implemented springs and seeps monitoring: Arches and Canyonlands national parks, and Hovenweep and Natural Bridges national monuments. This monitoring protocol consists of a protocol narrative and 11 standard operating procedures (SOPs) for monitoring springs, seeps, and hanging gardens (aka “springs”) in NCPN parks. The overall goal of the NCPN springs monitoring program is to determine long-term trends in hydrologic and vegetation properties in the context of changes in other ecological drivers, stressors, and processes. Specific objectives include describing the status and trends of water quantity (flow or stage as applicable), water quality (pH, specific conductance, temperature), and vegetation (endemic plant populations in hanging gardens, and vegetation species and cover). This protocol narrative describes the justification, sampling design, and field methods for NCPN springs monitoring. Details may be found in the SOPs, which are listed in Chapter 1 and available at irma.nps.gov. Other aspects of the protocol summarized in the narrative include procedures for data management, analysis, and reporting; personnel and operating requirements; and instructions for how to revise the protocol.
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Hernandez-Abrams, Darixa, Bruce Pruitt, Samantha Wiest e S. McKay. Stormwater management practices, monitoring, and maintenance plan for US Army Garrison at West Point, NY. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), abril de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/46933.
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Structural stormwater management practices (SMPs) are designed and installed with the goal of reducing runoff and improving water quality through a variety of built (e.g., underground chamber and filter systems), nature-based and natural features (e.g., rain gardens, swales). In compliance with Section 402 of the US Clean Water Act (CWA), US Army Garrisons at West Point MS4 operators are required to obtain a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit or a New York State Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (SPDES). These permits require development of stormwater management plans to reduce pollutants to meet the appropriate water quality standards. Over 62 structural SMPs have been installed at the US Army Garrison (USAG) to meet permit requirements. Monitoring and maintenance are essential to maintain and understand the effectiveness of these structures, track their maintenance needs, and improve their function. This document provides guidance for conducting stormwater management practice, inspection, and maintenance at the United States Army Garrison at West Point. The objectives are to inform installation managers on general SMP functions and designs, highlight key maintenance triggers affecting SMP functionality, and provide guidance on when and how to conduct inspections and maintenance actions specific to USAG SMPs and in accordance to NYS DEC.
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Andrews, Leann, e Rebecca Bachman. Eliseo Collazos Fog Water Farm-Park and Gardens. Landscape Architecture Foundation, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31353/cs1630.
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none,. Current (2009) State-of-the-Art Hydrogen Production Cost Estimate Using Water Electrolysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), setembro de 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1218930.
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Kayser, M. B., e A. G. Collins. Computer simulation models relevant to ground water contamination from EOR or other fluids - state-of-the-art. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), março de 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6003706.
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Abraham. L51687 Subsea Repair of Gas Pipelines without Water Flooding. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), agosto de 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010545.
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This study documents the state-of-the-art equipment and procedures available for use in isolating mid-line subsea pipeline repairs to prevent back-flooding. The study notes the lack of effective non-intrusive methods and the potential for cost savings when suitable methods are developed.
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Stakes, Keith, Keith Stakes, Julie Bryant, Nick Dow, Jack Regan e Craig Weinschenk. Analysis of the Coordination of Suppression and Ventilation in Multi-Family Dwellings. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, junho de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/ympj4047.
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The majority of the existing full-scale fire service research studied the impact of tactics on the residential fireground, specifically in single-family structures. This study builds upon prior research by conducting thirteen experiments in three-story, multi-family dwellings to quantify the impact of coordination between ventilation and suppression actions. Experiments were conducted in four, garden-style apartment buildings; each of which had two lower-level units, four first-floor units, and four second-floor units. The apartments shared a common stairwell that was enclosed for all of the experiments in this study. To examine the effectiveness of tactics in the fire apartment, common stairwell and applicable exposure apartments, four experiments were conducted in lower-level apartments, seven were conducted in first-floor apartments, and two were conducted in second-floor apartments including both bedroom and kitchen/living room fires. The fire size varied based on the amount of initial ventilation provided. The main control variables included the location of initial water application, the ventilation method, and the timing of ventilation relative to water application. The suppression tactics included interior water application, exterior water application followed by interior water application, and a combined interior and exterior water application. The ventilation tactics examined in these experiments included horizontal, vertical, positive pressure, and hydraulic ventilation. Similar to previous experiments in acquired single-family structures, there was no meaningful increase in temperature outside of fire rooms when ventilation tactics were executed in close coordination with (shortly after or shortly before) the onset of suppression. In contrast, for experiments where ventilation occurred with delayed suppression, temperature exposures increased throughout the fire apartment, and in experiments where the apartment door was left open, temperatures and carbon monoxide exposures increased throughout the common stairwell. Suppression actions, whether interior or exterior, resulted in a decrease in temperatures and gas concentrations at locations where occupants may potentially be located. The enclosed common stairwell, a unique feature of this experimental series, acted as capture of combustion products. Opening the apartment door to gain access should be thought of as an important ventilation action, both in terms of its potential to cause fire growth and its potential for smoke movement into the stairwell, limiting the egress for potentially trapped occupants in exposure units. Tactics such as door control, positive pressure ventilation, and hydraulic ventilation which were used both simultaneous with and sequentially post-suppression were shown to limit gas flows into the stairwell. After effective suppression, structure ventilation operations should similarly be cognizant of gas flows, with the aim of establishing flow throughout all areas where occupants may be located.