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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Wall covers"
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Teparić, Renata, Mateja Lozančić e Vladimir Mrša. "Evolutionary Overview of Molecular Interactions and Enzymatic Activities in the Yeast Cell Walls". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, n.º 23 (26 de novembro de 2020): 8996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21238996.
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Fungal cell walls are composed of a polysaccharide network that serves as a scaffold in which different glycoproteins are embedded. Investigation of fungal cell walls, besides simple identification and characterization of the main cell wall building blocks, covers the pathways and regulations of synthesis of each individual component of the wall and biochemical reactions by which they are cross-linked and remodeled in response to different growth phase and environmental signals. In this review, a survey of composition and organization of so far identified and characterized cell wall components of different yeast genera including Saccharomyces, Candida, Kluyveromyces, Yarrowia, and Schizosaccharomyces are presented with the focus on their cell wall proteomes.
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Singh, Adya P., Shruti Singh e Ehsan Bari. "Bacterial Degradation of Wood by Tunnel Formation: Role of TEM in Understanding the Intricate Architecture of Tunnels and the Cell Wall Degradation Process". Microscopy Today 30, n.º 5 (setembro de 2022): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929522001080.
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Abstract:Certain bacteria degrade wood by creating tunnels in cell walls. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has played a key role in understanding the intricate architecture of the tunnels produced within the cell wall and the process of cell wall degradation. The most prominent feature of tunnels is the presence of periodic crescent-shaped slime bands, which is the single most important diagnostic characteristic of bacterial tunneling-type cell wall degradation. The review presented covers the aspects relevant to understanding bacterial tunneling of wood cell walls, emphasizing the importance of the application of TEM in this area of research.
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Kholova, Nodira, e Ravshan Abdullaev. "Censuring the durability of foundations of buildings and structures". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 839, n.º 5 (1 de setembro de 2021): 052044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/839/5/052044.
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Abstract The article covers the results of field full-scale experimental research aimed at revealing the effect of horizontal waterproofing structures of walls on the capillary rise of moisture. Conclusions and recommendations for waterproofing walls using local materials have been given. Based on comparative comparisons of the results of experiments, the article covers that the rise of moisture along the wall is significantly less in the case of laying marble or concrete tiles on waterproofing sand-cement mixtures.
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Abuelroos, Dena, Carol Lima, Luke Odisho, Nathan Kolderman, David Lin, Kiran Nandalur e Sayf Al-Katib. "Common and Uncommon Mimics of Thoracic Malignancy on PET/CT: Part 1—Pearls and Pitfalls of Pleura and Chest Wall Entities". Contemporary Diagnostic Radiology 47, n.º 10 (15 de maio de 2024): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.cdr.0001012144.20361.79.
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Within the thorax, a myriad of entities can demonstrate increased fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) concentration; the goal of this article is to review benign pleural and chest wall entities that may mimic thoracic malignancy on positron emission tomography (PET)/CT. In addition, the article will review how clinical history, anatomic correlation, and imaging features can assist accurate identification of these thoracic malignancy mimickers. This review is divided into two parts: part 1 covers the pleura and chest wall; part 2 will cover lung parenchyma and mediastinum.
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Khalili, Mitra, Sanaz Amindeldar e Houriye Mashhadibagher Moakhar. "Reusing Plastic Bottles in Energy-Saving Design and Construction". Advanced Materials Research 689 (maio de 2013): 316–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.689.316.
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This paper investigates the use of irresolvable and permanent garbage in environment to build an energy saving wall in cold and hot climatic conditions. The wall is mainly constructed from plastic bottles which provide lightness. The bottles, filled with water to store solar energy, are confined between two walls and able to provide wall stability. Transparent twin wall poly carbonate sheets have been selected as the external surface in order to let the bottles receive solar energy. The inner layer is opaque and fire resistant. A tarpaulin with a reflective inner face is used to prevent heat loss during cold and heat conditions. As the empirical results of the built sample (45 * 65 cm) indicate, in cold season, the wall stores the solar energy during the day and transfers the heat indoors (by conduction) at nights, when the tarpaulin covers the exterior. In hot season, the tarpaulin protects the wall from sunlight during the day. At night the wall transfers the heat outdoors in the absence of the tarpaulin. A comparison of the alternative wall with similar kinds of contemporary construction walls addresses it considerably light.
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Santosa ; Anastasia Maurina, Vivi Yani. "KNOCK DOWN BAMBOO WALL PANEL". Riset Arsitektur (RISA) 2, n.º 02 (4 de junho de 2018): 214–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/risa.v2i02.2926.214-231.
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Abstract - Indonesia often experiences natural disasters, therefore a transitional residential building is needed forvictims who are able to build quickly and easily in mobilization. Bamboo is a local material that exists in Indonesiaand has a high sustainability to be used as building materials. The appropriate principle between thecharacteristics of bamboo and the needs of transitional buildings where used as wall materials. The knock downbamboo wall panel is the answer of the need for fast and easy work in mobilization.The research method used isqualitative descriptive of two study object and design experiment of prototype 1: 1 . Researchers will conduct astudy of bamboo walls on two study objects Blooming Bamboo Home dan Soe Ker Tie House, also meetings ofany deficiencies and advantages from aspects of form, function and context, and construction. Forms includematerial used, basic dimensional modules, wall weight, and the ability to re-modify walls. Functions and Contextsinclude the space privacy, resistance, and behavior of walls against wind, solar heat, lighting, and rain.Construction covers the way of bamboo processing into wall panels, connection systems, and can be donemassively by the crowd. Potential bamboo wall variants to be explored will be evaluated and developed for thebetter and new alternative of other wall panels also considered.The most efficient bamboo knock down panels arebamboo slats and woven bamboo booths as massive walls, woven bamboo and bamboo modified blades I as semiopen walls, modified bamboo blades II and polikarbonate as open walls. The most appropriate connection systemused in knock down bamboo wall panels is the gypsum screw connection for bamboo wall panel frame joints, boltnuts and iron plates for knock down bamboo wall panel connections with structures and connections betweenwall panels.Keywords : Knock down, Bamboo, Sustainable, Wall panel
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Wiriadidjaja, Surjatin, Azmin Shakrine Mohd Rafie, Fairuz Izzuddin Romli e Omar Kassim Ariff. "Aerodynamic Interference Correction Methods Case: Subsonic Closed Wind Tunnels". Applied Mechanics and Materials 225 (novembro de 2012): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.225.60.
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The approach to problems of wall interference in wind tunnel testing is generally based on the so-called classical method, which covers the wall interference experienced by a simple small model or the neo-classical method that contains some improvements as such that it can be applied to larger models. Both methods are analytical techniques offering solutions of the subsonic potential equation of the wall interference flow field. Since an accurate description of wind tunnel test data is only possible if the wall interference phenomena are fully understood, uncounted subsequent efforts have been spent by many researchers to improve the limitation of the classical methods by applying new techniques and advanced methods. However, the problem of wall interference has remained a lasting concern to aerodynamicists and it continues to be a field of active research until the present. The main objective of this paper is to present an improved classical method of the wall interference assessment in rectangular subsonic wind tunnel with solid-walls.
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Raptis, C., A. Savidou e P. Kritidis. "A Study of Cover Materials Which Influence Rn222 Exhalation Indoors". HNPS Proceedings 7 (5 de dezembro de 2019): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.2416.
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The wall covers can decrease or increase the radon exhalation; this depends on whether the material acts mostly as a sealer against radon exhalation or as a source of radon. This work is a study of different kind of wall covers which influence radon exhalation from surfaces of building materials. The experimental data are in good agreement with the evaluations according to the theory of radon diffusion through porous materials.
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Storozum, Michael, Dan Golan, Ido Wachtel, Zhidong Zhang, Johannes S. Lotze e Gideon Shelach-Lavi. "Mapping the Medieval Wall System of China and Mongolia: A Multi-Method Approach". Land 10, n.º 10 (23 de setembro de 2021): 997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10100997.
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The Medieval Wall System of China and Mongolia is one of the longest wall systems in the world, but its specific chronology, function, and purpose remain ambiguous. Constructed at various points throughout the 10th to 13th centuries CE, this network of walls, forts, and enclosures covers an estimated 4000 km and spans a wide range of ecozones, from the deserts of western China to the steppes of northern Mongolia and the Khingan mountain range. In this article we used historical atlases, topographic maps, and an array of different kinds of data derived from satellite remote sensing, to produce one of the first accurate maps of the Medieval Wall System. Through this large-scale mapping program, we are now able to evaluate previous work that estimates the length of the wall system and different areas of construction. By measuring the structures associated with the wall and the length of the wall itself, we identified at least three different areas of construction along the Medieval Wall System. Future studies may be able to use similar tools to develop more accurate maps of other wall systems throughout Eurasia to further advance the comparative study of ancient wall systems.
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Hahn, Marvin Anas, e Danilo Lewański. "Wall-crossing and recursion formulae for tropical Jucys covers". Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 373, n.º 7 (27 de março de 2020): 4685–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/tran/8006.
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Parvatam, Pranav. "How the News Covers History: A Thematic Analysis of the New York Times and Wall Street's Journal's Coverage of Kamala Harris's 2020 Vice Presidential Campaign". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103966.
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Kamala Harris made history on November 7, 2020, when she was elected as the first female Vice President of the United States. In addition to being the first woman, she became the first African-American and Indian-American to attain this position. As a result, the media had to grapple with how to cover her historic campaign from the moment she was announced as the vice-presidential selection. This qualitative thematic analysis examined The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal's coverage of her campaign with significant analysis on important events such as the initial buzz surrounding her selection, the convention speech, and the vice-presidential debate. Specifically, this study examines 70 news articles total from both newspapers from August 11-November 3, 2020 to determine the recurring themes from her coverage. Results indicated that although traditional media frames and themes were not a significant focus, Harris's intersectionality brought about a new set of frames to explore, with subtle differences between the two newspapers. Implications of these results and future considerations for the media are discussed.Master of Arts
Kamala Harris made history on November 7, 2020, when she was elected as the first female Vice President of the United States. In addition to being the first woman, she became the first African-American and Indian-American to attain this position. Throughout her campaign, the media had to learn how to cover an historic candidate effectively, since this moment had no precedent. This thesis chose to explore The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal's coverage of her campaign because of their influence in shaping the news around the country and they both represent different sides of the political spectrum. Important events that are covered include the initial announcement, the convention speech, and the vice-presidential debate. This study looks to determine if the stereotypical frames that the media places on female candidates are still seen with Harris. Results indicated that although traditional media stereotypes were not a significant focus, Harris's identity brought about a new set of themes to analyze, with each paper focusing on different aspects. Implications of these results and future considerations for the media are discussed.
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Brown, Alston Neal. "Factors affecting the nutritional composition and digestibility of corn for silage: Cover crops and cell wall composition". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78909.
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Corn silage is one of the major components in dairy cattle rations in the United States. Many factors affect the nutritional composition of corn for silage, such as cropping system, including cover crops, and the composition of the corn plant cell wall. The objectives of the first study were to determine the nutritional quality of different winter crops for silage and to determine the impact of the various winter crops on the succeeding productivity of corn and sorghum. Experimental plots were planted with 15 different winter crop treatments: 5 winter annual grasses in monoculture or with one of two winter annual legumes (crimson clover [CC] and hairy vetch [HV]). After harvesting the winter crops, each plot was planted with either corn or forage sorghum. Crimson clover increased DM yield compared to monocultures but HV did not. Adding legumes increased the crude protein concentration, but reduced the fiber and sugar concentrations of the forages. Even though in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility was reduced with the addition of legumes, the concentration of highly digestible non-fibrous components is greater in the mixtures than the monocultures, increasing the nutritive value of the silage. The objective of the second study was to determine the cell wall (CW) composition along the corn stalk. Three phytomers of corn plants were examined: center (C) of ear insertion, upper (U) and lower (L) phytomers. Each phytomer was cut into 4 sections: top (T), middle (M), bottom (B), and node (N). The CW, uronic acid (UA), glucose (GLU), and lignin concentrations did not change among phytomers. The concentrations of arabinose (ARA) and xylose (XYL) were greater in the U than in the L phytomers. Concentrations of CW, ARA, and XYL increased from B to T within the phytomer, but UA and GLU concentrations decreased from B to T. Lignin did not change within the phytomer. In mature corn for silage, changes within the corn internode may be more useful in determining how the environment changes the CW.Ph. D.
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Masada, Teruhisa. "Structural performance of profile-wall plastic pipes under relatively shallow soil cover and subjected to large surface load". Ohio : Ohio University, 1996. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1174611925.
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Abe, Yoshihiro. "Cover times and extrema of local times for random walks on graphs". 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215283.
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Draebing, Daniel [Verfasser]. "Influences of Snow Cover on Thermal and Mechanical Processes in steep Permafrost Rock Walls / Daniel Draebing". Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1077289405/34.
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Kneafsey, Kevin Patrick. "Two essays in finance: A test of the random walk hypothesis An examination of covered call strategies". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284002.
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The Random Walk Hypothesis (RWH) when applied to stock prices makes strong statements about such things as serial correlation and momentum in stock returns and about the information carried in the path of the stock price. Its significance to Finance has motivated many tests of the RWH. This paper, using data from 1963-1997, tests the RWH and then evaluates those tests using simulated data. We find that the data reject the RWH and that rejections are stronger using NASDAQ firms than they are with NYSE/AMEX firms. The time series properties of the rejection of the RWH suggest that recently prices more closely conform to the properties of a random walk than they did in the more distant past. The simulation results show that if the true underlying price process is a random walk, market imperfections such as price discreteness are sufficient to reject the random walk hypothesis. The time series properties of the rejection of the RWH are consistent with a narrowing of the bid ask spread through time. Covered call strategies are touted as win-win strategies. If share prices rise strongly then shares are sold and the gain is locked in. If share prices are flat or fall then the premiums from the sale of the call options act as additional income to supplement the poor performance of the stocks. The last two chapters in this paper compare covered call strategies to a simple buy and hold strategy, using data from 1989-1998. The results show that the buy and hold strategy out-performs the covered call strategy over this period even after adjusting for systematic risk and co-skewness with the market. Empirical comparisons of buy and hold and covered call strategies are period dependent and difficult to generalize as market performance plays a key role. Bootstrapping and simulation provide control over market returns. Both simulated and empirical analyses consider transactions costs and taxes as well as account for the different risk assumed under each strategy.
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Stipp, Rafael Nobrega 1982. "Caracterização dos regulons de CovR e VicRK em Streptococcus mutans". [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/288682.
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Orientadores: Renata de Oliveira Mattos-Graner, Jose Francisco HoflingTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T12:50:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Stipp_RafaelNobrega_D.pdf: 11660668 bytes, checksum: b140f6b3e8ab94a99f86a4eee7101635 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: S. mutans são os principais patógenos da cárie, pois expressam diversas proteínas importantes para a colonização e aumento em proporção nos biofilmes dentais na presença de sacarose. Estas incluem as glicosiltransferases (Gtf), que sintetizam uma matriz extracelular de glucano a partir da sacarose, e proteínas ligadoras de glucano (Gbps), as quais participam da interação entre S. mutans e matriz de glucanos. Há evidências de que diversos genes de virulência são regulados por sistemas reguladores de transcrição de dois componentes, dentre os quais CovR (de Control of Virulence) e VicRK (de Virulence Control). Propomos neste estudo descobrir novos alvos e/ou funções dos sistemas CovR e VicKR e avaliar características celulares e fenotípicas decorrentes da ausência desses sistemas. Para isso construímos cepas S. mutans mutantes knockout dos genes covR (SMU.1924) ou vicK (SMU.1517) e realizamos comparações com as respectivas cepas selvagens (WT). A caracterização dos transcriptomas foi triada por microarray e quantificada por qPCR, demonstrando que vinte e três genes foram super expressos na ausência de CovR, enquanto trinta genes foram reprimidos na ausência de VicK. Para demonstrar a regulação direta, as regiões promotoras destes genes foram submetidas a ensaios de retardamento da mobilidade eletroforética com as proteínas recombinantes CovR ou VicR. Além dos genes já conhecidos, os ensaios mostraram CovR como regulador negativo de quatro novos genes e VicR como regulador de cinco novos genes, dentre os quais há, em ambos os casos, genes com provável função na biogênese da parede celular. Nos ensaios fenotípicos, os mutantes covR- demonstraram diminuição no crescimento total em cultura, enquanto que os mutantes vicK observados por microscopia eletrônica de varredura apresentaram formação de cadeias extremamente longas com células atípicas. A formação de biofilme in vitro por mutantes covR- foi de 3 a 17 vezes maior comparado ao WT, enquanto mutantes vicK- demonstraram uma redução de 3,5 a 6,5 vezes. Foi observado aumento de 40% na hidrofobicidade celular nos mutantes covR- quando comparados a cepa WT, enquanto os mutantes vicK- tiveram aumento de 10 vezes, tornando-se altamente hidrofóbicos, provavelmente em decorrência das alterações na superfície da parede celular. Os mutantes covR- foram 30% mais resistente a autólise que as cepas WT, enquanto que os mutantes vicK- possuem o dobro de resistência. Em conclusão, os regulons controlados por CovR e VicKR incluem diversos genes com provável função na biogênese de parede celular, além de genes importantes para a formação de biofilmes. A inativação destes sistemas promoveu alterações fenotípicas notáveis, que realçam os achados daparticipação destes sistemas na biogênese das estruturas celulares. Palavras-chave: Análise em Microsséries, Parede Celular, Cárie Dental, Regulação Bacteriana da Expressão Gênica, Virulência.
Abstract: Streptococcus mutans, a major dental caries pathogen, expresses several virulence genes that mediate its growth and accumulation on tooth surfaces. In this process, GtfB and GtfC catalyze the extracellular synthesis of water-insoluble glucan matrix from sucrose, and are essential for accumulation of S. mutans in the dental biofilm. Glucan binding protein B might also mediate cell surface interaction with glucan. Two component transduction systems, such as CovR (Control of Virulence) and VicRK (Virulence Control), regulate, at least, part of S. mutans virulence genes. In this study we characterized CovR and VicRK functions and some phenotypic traits related to their absences. Knockouts strains covR- (SMU.1924) and vicK- (SMU.1517) strains were constructed and compared by differential microarray against wild type. Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed twenty-three up-regulated genes in covR-, while thirty down-regulated genes in vicKmutant. Recombinant CovR and VicR proteins were used in protein:DNA-promoter electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) to confirm direct regulator-promoter interaction and transcription. In addition to already-know CovR and VicR targets, qPCR and EMSA revealed that CovR acts as a negative regulator of four additional genes, and VicR controls five undescribed promoters. In both cases, genes controlled are mainly involved in biofilm growth and in cell wall biogenesis. Phenotypically, covR- mutants showed lower yield in culture, while vicK- mutants had altered cell morphology and long chains formation. Inactivation of covR significantly increased in vitro biofilm formation in all strains (3 to 17-fold increase, p<0.01), while vicK mutants showed poor biofilm growth (3.5 to 6.5-fold reduction; p<0.01). Cell hydrophobicity was increased by 40% in covR- mutants and by 10- fold in vicK- mutants, possibly due cell surface changes. Both knockoutsalso increased the autolysis resistance, in about 30% for the covR- mutants and in 2- fold for the vicK- mutant. It is concluded that CovR and VicR systems have important participation on S. mutans physiology, regulating genes that not only are involved in biofilm formation but that have functions in cell wall biogenesis.
Doutorado
Microbiologia e Imunologia
Doutor em Biologia Buco-Dental
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Ravčuková, Markéta. "Polyfunkční struktura v Brně". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-354952.
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The topic of this diploma thesis is to revitalise of one city block and to maximise of its utilisation with combination of many different functions on this concrete area. This work is based on pre-diploma project in previous semester. This project ensures many possible functions for the inhebitants and also reflects natural differentiation between privat and public usage with impact on high quality of living space and appropriate public transport. Designed build-up area is situated betveen Veveri, Kounicova and Pekarenska streets in Brno. Patterns of this area are essential for the treatment of this project when both diagonaly and verticaly crosses whole area. Substance and space treatment reflects nearby structures and is naturally connected to it. Main substance of object is divided to three blocks via communications which crosses the area. Innerblock is sedated with green vegetation, connected to transit parter with shops and services. On the parters roof there is green walk-designed cover for inhabitants and after there are higher houses. Whole building complex is closed with rambling fractional roof covers with terraces of storeyed flats. This space structure is horizontally divided by its functions. In this project there are underground garages, shops and services, administrative spaces and space for rent and mostly flats for living. Fundamental look of the building is created by external rendering covering most of building which is connected to nearby structures. Shopping mall and separate blocks and also entrances to buildings and terraces/balcony are formed by taking off the substance by which leads to its fractionalism.
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Krtička, Jakub. "Statické řešení bazénu v novostavbě horského hotelu". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226921.
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The static solution at the new building mountain hotel The thesis deals with design and static calculation of pool tank, which is supported by columns and walls. Pool tank is designed as swimming pool with plan dimension 25 x 10 meters and with changing depth from 1,2 to 1,8 meters. The support of pool tank is in distance 5,02 x 5,05 meters. The adjacent ceiling is placed on the walls of tank and separates pool and technical areas. The calculations of inner forces were realized by computational programm for two models a) without decline of supports, and model b) with decline of supports. The design of reinforcement is performed for the bottom and walls of tank. The deformations modeling was made at the other part of the thesis. All results were evaluated and summarized at the conclusion. Drawing documentation was made subsequently.
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Jurák, Vítězslav. "Novostavba farního kostela v Brně-Líšni". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227828.
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This diploma thesis, called „Parish church, Brno-Líšeň“, is compiled as documentation for building construction. There is one complex building situated in slope. Therefore it consists of one partly underground floor and first floor. It is divided into three sections. Central part is designed as round-shaped body of the church with tower in the southern part of the church. Shed roof has an angle of 7° for body and an angle of 13° for tower. From the western side there is an administrative area connected to the church and from eastern side there is a community area which is supposed to be used as residential premises. Roof of both these parts is constructed as flat vegetative roof. Structural design is systemic, Velox. Foundation construction combines concrete and ferro-concrete belts and footing.
Livros sobre o assunto "Wall covers"
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Tanavoli, Parviz. Persian flatweaves: A survey of flatwoven floor covers and hangings and royal masnads. Woodbridge: Antique Collectors' Club, 2002.
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Engineers, Anderson Associates Consulting. Exterior wall opening cover fitting for residential construction. [Edmonton, Alta: Innovative Housing Grants Program], 1988.
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Publishing, Avalanche. True Story Vintage Magazine Covers 2007 Wall Calendar. Avalanche Publishing, 2006.
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Franca, Latisha. Macramé for Beginners 2022: A Simplified DIY Beautiful Wall Hangings, Plant Hangers and Table Covers Knotting Projects. Independently Published, 2022.
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Journals, PenAndPaper. B C NOTEBOOK for Kids and Teens Colorful Covers: 6 X9 120 PAGES for Homeschool, School, and for Keeping a Jounal Notebook at Home / BLUE WALL COVER. Independently Published, 2021.
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Ora, Andy. Wall Art Prints Ready to Frame for Chic Home décor : 8 X10 : Vogue: The Vintage Fashion Covers, High-Quality Pictures of Rare Iconic Costumes, a Decorating Gift. Independently Published, 2019.
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Watson, Max, Caroline Lucas, Andrew Hoy e Jo Wells. Genitourinary problems. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199234356.003.0018.
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This chapter focuses on the anatomy and physiology of the bladder and micturition. It covers bladder wall, sphincter active urethra, nerve supply, bladder pain and its treatment, blood supply of the bladder, urinary tract infection (UTI), renal pain, ureteric colic, pelvic pain, urinary retention, ureteric obstruction, urinary incontinence, haematuria, catheterization, genitourinary fistulae, vesicoenteric fistulae, vesicovaginal fistulae, and sexual health in advanced disease.
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Crouch, Robert, Alan Charters, Mary Dawood e Paula Bennett, eds. Respiratory emergencies. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199688869.003.0007.
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Respiratory problems are very common in emergency and urgent care settings. This chapter provides detailed guidance on how to assess a patient who presents with breathlessness. Appropriate investigations are identified, with suggested indications. The remainder of the chapter covers the nursing assessment, investigations, and initial management of a comprehensive list of respiratory problems, including injuries to the chest wall and lungs.
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Roy, Ella. Erté : Art Deco Illustrations on Harper's Bazaar Covers, High-Quality Graphics of Rare Historical Costumes : A Perfect Gift, Wall Art Prints Ready to Frame for Chic Home décor: 8 X10. Independently Published, 2020.
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Török, M. Estée, Fiona J. Cooke e Ed Moran. Gastrointestinal infections. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199671328.003.0016.
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This chapter covers oesophagitis (which is inflammation of the oesophagus), peptic ulcer disease, infectious diarrhoea (including dysentery and enteric or typhoid fever), cholera, Clostridium difficile diarrhoea, acute cholecystitis which is an inflammation of the gall bladder, acute cholangitis (characterized by fever, jaundice, and abdominal pain), pancreatitis (which is inflammation of the pancreas), primary and secondary peritonitis (which is infection of the peritoneal cavity), peritoneal dialysis peritonitis, diverticulitis (sac-like protrusions of the colonic wall), intra-abdominal abscess, liver abscess, and acute and chronic hepatitis (which are inflammation of the liver).
Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Wall covers"
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van Buren, Simon, e Wolfgang Polifke. "Heat Transfer in Pulsating Flow and Its Impact on Temperature Distribution and Damping Performance of Acoustic Resonators". In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, 97–111. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53847-7_6.
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Abstract A numerical framework for the prediction of acoustic damping characteristics is developed and applied to a quarter-wave resonator with non-uniform temperature. The results demonstrate a significant impact of the temperature profile on the damping characteristics and hence the necessity of accurate modeling of heat transfer in oscillating flow. Large Eddy Simulations are applied to demonstrate and quantify enhancement in heat transfer induced by pulsations. The study covers wall-normal heat transfer in pulsating flow as well as longitudinal convective effects in oscillating flow. A discussion of hydrodynamic and thermal boundary layers provides insight into the flow physics of oscillatory convective heat transfer.
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Bousmar, Didier, Catherine Swartenbroekx, Geoffrey Pierard e Emmanuel Van Hees. "Optimizing Upstream Approach Wall to Navigation Lock in Narrow Rivers". In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 542–52. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6138-0_47.
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AbstractIn canalized rivers, navigation locks are often located aside a weir. River currents are concentrated towards the weir. As a result, vessels face transverse currents and significant outdraft forces when approaching the lock. An approach wall can be designed to isolate the final lock approach from the weir flow. This wall can be a plain wall, or a perforated wall. Depending on the design of the wall openings, the flow velocity gradient and the outdraft forces are translated upstream at the entrance of the port. At this location, the vessel keeps a larger velocity and can manoeuvre more easily. An optimal design of the opening should minimize the transverse forces acting on the vessel. Guidelines for the design of such approach walls may be found in the literature but cover only large and very large rivers. The present contribution focuses on narrower rivers, with a low ratio between port entrance width and river width.
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Cooper, Colin, Alan Frieze e Samantha Petti. "The cover time of a biased random walk on Gn,p". In 2018 Proceedings of the Fifteenth Workshop on Analytic Algorithmics and Combinatorics (ANALCO), 158–67. Philadelphia, PA: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611975062.14.
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Chevez, Agustin. "Mind Lag". In The Pilgrim’s Guide to the Workplace, 75–77. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4759-9_22.
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AbstractI looked through the aeroplane window and I couldn’t believe my eyes when I recognised the route I had taken on my approach to Sydney. I grabbed my phone and took a picture of a distinctive section of the road that I had covered on day 32 of the walk, from Sanctuary Point (covered by the wing on the right) to Bomaderry (under the low-level clouds on the left) indicated with an ‘x’, Fig. 22.1.
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Chevez, Agustin. "The Perfect Day". In The Pilgrim’s Guide to the Workplace, 67–70. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4759-9_20.
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AbstractDay 30 was a short 13 km walk from Mollymook Beach to Conjola in NSW. It was one of the shortest walks of the whole pilgrimage and I covered it in less than 3 hours. Weatherwise, I wished I had spent more time on the road on that sunny day which was pleasantly cool and completely devoid of my nemesis wind.
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Nonaka, Yoshiaki, Hirotaka Ono, Kunihiko Sadakane e Masafumi Yamashita. "How to Design a Linear Cover Time Random Walk on a Finite Graph". In Stochastic Algorithms: Foundations and Applications, 104–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04944-6_9.
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"Front Matter". In New Stone Technology, Design, and Construction for Exterior Wall Systems, FM1—FM13. ASTM International100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp26375s.
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International authorities present previously unpublished material on development of exterior wall systems, emphasizing prefabrication and panelization techniques, long-term performance, and testing and analysis. Covers the causes of wall failures and methods for reducing this possibility. For architects, structural engineers, and stone wall fabricators.
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Taiz, Lincoln, Ian Max Møller, Angus Murphy e Eduardo Zeiger. "Cell Walls: Structure, Formation, and Expansion". In Plant Physiology and Development. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hesc/9780197614204.003.0003.
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This chapter focuses on the intrinsic organismal functions of the plant cell wall, noting that cell walls provide the raw material for many products important to humans and society. It talks about globally, aggregated cell walls described as cellulosic biomass, which are widely used for energy generation, heat, and fuel. It also considers the plant cell wall as one of the most abundant reservoirs of organic carbon in nature and a major sink for photosynthetically captured carbon, which plays an integral role in carbon flow through ecosystems. The chapter covers some of the general functions of plant cell walls and provides an overview of their composition biosynthesis, and assembly. It examines how secondary cell walls are produced via lignification, including their importance for the physiology of water transport and plant structure.
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Evans, D. M., Ch Cochard, R. G. P. McQuaid, A. Cano, J. M. Gregg e D. Meier. "Improper Ferroelectric Domain Walls". In Domain Walls, 129–51. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198862499.003.0006.
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This chapter focuses on the specific physical properties at domain walls in ferroelectric materials where the spontaneous electric polarization appears as a by-product of a structural or magnetic phase transition, and not as its primary order parameter. The chapter begins with a short introduction to the fundamentals of improper ferroelectricity, followed by a discussion of emergent functional domain wall properties in different improper ferroelectric model systems. It then covers the broad variety of electronic states and application opportunities associated with improper ferroelectric domain walls in hexagonal manganites. Next, this chapter addresses the electronic transport and manipulation of domain walls in boracites, and presents additional magnetoelectric coupling phenomena that arise when the interaction of magnetic spins and electric charges gives rise to improper ferroelectricity. A perspective regarding future research and application opportunities of improper ferroelectric domain walls is given last.
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Collie, John G., F. R. S. F. Eng, R. John e Thome D. Phil. "Saturated Boiling Heat Transfer". In Convective Boiling and Condensation, 249–324. Oxford University PressOxford, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198562825.003.0007.
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Abstract In this chapter the present state of knowledge regarding the heat transfer characteristics of saturated forced convective boiling and evaporation will be discussed. Returning to Fig. 4.21, it can be seen that this covers the regions C and D, where nucleate boiling is occurring at the wall and where the flow pattern would be typically bubbly, slug, or low vapour velocity annular and regions E and F where there is no nucleation at the wall; this latter region is normally associated with annular flow.
Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Wall covers"
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Ryu, Kyung Ha, Ji Hak Kim e Il Soon Hwang. "Inspection of Piping Wall Loss With Flow Accelerated Corrosion Accelerated Simulation Test". In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25501.
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Flow accelerated corrosion (FAC) is a major issue for aging of carbon steel piping system such as secondary sides of NPPs. An equipotential switching direct current potential drop (ES-DCPD) method was developed to monitor the thickness of piping that covers area instead of points unlike ultrasonic technique (UT). Hence it covers wide range of piping at one time and takes less monitoring time. In this paper, two accelerated FAC phenomenon; 23.7% thinning in 216.7 hrs and 51.4% thinning in 795 hrs are discussed. These were monitored by both ES-DCPD as well as UT. To accelerate FAC process water chemistry parameters were controlled and monitored. As sensitive factors on FAC, temperature and pH were changed during the test, the wall loss monitored results successfully reflected these changes. These results were also found in agreement with predication model.
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Gambaryan-Roisman, Tatiana, e Peter Stephan. "Falling Films in Micro- and Minigrooves: Heat Transfer and Flow Stability". In ASME 2003 1st International Conference on Microchannels and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icmm2003-1054.
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Structured (in particular, micro- and minigrooved) wall surfaces may improve numerous industrial processes, including falling film evaporation, thin film evaporation in lean premixed prevaporized combustion technology (LPP), and spray and jet cooling. The advantages of such surfaces include the promotion of ultra-thin film evaporation at the apparent contact lines and the prevention of dry patches on hot surfaces. However, the behavior of thin film flow on structured surfaces has not yet been comprehensively studied. We derive a model describing the heat transfer in liquid film flowing down inclined micro- or minigrooved walls. The derived model accounts for peculiarities of the evaporation process in the vicinity of the liquid-vapor-solid contact line (“micro region”) and their effect on the overall heat transfer rate. It is shown that the effect of the micro region is to increase the overall heat transfer rate at the constant fluid flow rate. A long-wave stability analysis has been performed to quantify the effect of the capillary structure on the film stability properties. Sinusoidal and triangular longitudinal groove shapes have been considered. Two cases have been studied: (i) the film completely covers the wall structure; (ii) the film partly covers the wall structure. It is shown that the longitudinal grooves completely covered by the liquid have a stabilizing effect on the falling film flow. The performed analysis is a step towards modeling the wavy motion of the liquid film on grooved surfaces.
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Keltjens, Jan, Gys Van Zyl e Fahad Mudhayeq. "Fitness for Service Assessments on Cracked Heavy Wall Reactors". In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84046.
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A number of large heavy wall reactors showed severe stress corrosion cracking in the high strength low alloy steel shells. The stress corrosion was mainly caused by the fact that no PWHT was performed which resulted in very high hardness of the Heat Affected Zone; this made the HAZ extremely sensitive for stress corrosion cracking in the feed water environment. The extent of the cracking was such that replacement of all reactors was unavoidable. The redesign and fabrication of the new reactors would take over a year. Fitness for Service methodologies were used keep the reactors running safely until the replacements were installed with minimized down time. This resulted in large economic benefits over several years. The paper covers the FFS assessments performed, the special NDT methods required to get the necessary crack size information at operating conditions as well as failure mode and repair options. It demonstrates an application and the benefits of Fitness for Service assessments on key equipment.
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Gray, Loys A. (Buster). "China’s Modern Day Great Wall: The 40” West to East Gas Pipeline Project". In 2004 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2004-0439.
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PetroChina’s West to East Natural Gas Pipeline Project (WEPP) has been under construction since October of 2001. Upon completion, construction will be completed on the following major facilities: 3,800 km of 1,016 mm mainline; 294 km of 813 mm, 508 mm, and 406 mm lateral lines; Dual fiber optic conduits with the mainline pipeline; 1,100 km of access roads; 23 metering stations; 18 pigging stations; 10 compressor stations; 16 mountain tunnels; 16 aerial crossings; 41 mainline and 18 lateral line HDDs; 1 crossing of the Yangtze River (a 4.4 m concrete lined tunnel); 3 crossings of the Yellow River (pipe jacking, tunnel and aerial methods); gas control center and SCADA system. This paper covers topics including construction management; engineering, procurement, and construction; major construction challenges; and, business in China.
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Saeidi, S. M., e J. M. Khodadadi. "Forced Convection in a Square Cavity With Inlet and Outlet Ports". In ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht-fed2004-56246.
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A finite-volume-based computational study of steady laminar forced convection inside a square cavity with inlet and outlet ports is presented. Given a fixed position of the inlet port, the location of outlet port is varied along the four walls of the cavity. The widths of the ports are equal to 5, 15 and 25 percent of the side. By positioning the outlet ports at 9 locations on the walls for Re = 10, 40, 100 and 500 and Pr = 5, a total of 101 cases were studied. For high Re and with the shortest distance between the inlet and outlet ports along the top wall, a primary CW rotating vortex that covers about 70 to 80 percent of the cavity is observed. Similar cases with smaller Re exhibit identical flow patterns but with weaker vortices as Re is lowered. As the outlet ports is lowered along the right wall, the CW primary vortex diminishes its strength; however a CCW vortex that is present next to the top right corner covers a greater portion of the cavity. With the outlet port moving left along the bottom wall, the CW primary vortex is weakened further and the CCW vortex occupies nearly the right half of the cavity. The temperature fields are directly related to the presence of the multiple vortices in the cavity. Regions of high temperature gradient are consistently observed at the interface of the throughflow and next to the solid walls on both sides of the outlet port. Local Nusselt numbers are low at 3 corners when no outlet port is present in their vicinity, whereas intense heat transfer rate is observed on the two sides of the outlet port. Between these minima and maxima, the local Nusselt number can vary drastically depending on the flow and temperature fields. By placing the outlet port with one end at the 3 corners, maximum total Nusselt number of the cavity can be achieved. Minimum total heat transfer of the cavity is achieved with the outlet port located at the middle of the walls.
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Eriksen, Morten, e Knut Inge Engelbreth. "Outer Cover Damages on Flexible Pipes: Corrosion and Integrity Challenges". In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-24147.
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According to published statistics for flexible pipes, penetrating holes in outside covers of flexible pipes is one of the most frequent damage mechanisms. The corrosion and fatigue performances of tensile and pressure armour wires are directly influenced by the fluids in the pipe wall annulus. There are several incidents where cover damages have led to serious pipe failures. In this perspective the best strategy is to avoid cover damage, but for those cases where damage occurs it is essential to have systems in place for early detection, as well as capabilities for repair. Holes in the outside cover can create a range of different conditions in an annulus depending on location of the hole, configuration of the pipe and service conditions. CO2 driven corrosion in a confined water filled annulus has been investigated extensively and reported by several authors to give very low corrosion rates. However, the environments that armour wires are exposed to in certain parts of an annulus may differ significantly from confined water with CO2. One obvious example is the region around a penetrating hole in the outer cover where there may be repeated ingress of oxygenated seawater or air that mix with CO2 in the annulus. Such environments could cause high corrosion rates that may explain some observed failures. In many cases it is difficult to quantify the annulus environments precisely and suitable corrosion models have not been established. The consequences are large uncertainties in the prediction of corrosion type and rate, giving challenges for integrity assessment. This paper will identify and discuss unresolved corrosion issues related to outer cover damage linking it to field experience. Needs for developing further knowledge and models will be addressed. Efficient and reliable methods for repair of outer cover damage that can be mobilized soon are essential for restoring the integrity of pipes with damages to outer covers.
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Silva, Alexandre G., Eryk K. Da Cruz, Rangel Arthur, Giulliano P. Carnielli, Henri A. De Godoy, Wilson N. Junior e Luı́s F. R. dos S. C. Romano. "Automatic Localization of the Carotid Wall in Ultrasound Imaging Based on Convolutional Neural Network". In XV Workshop de Visão Computacional. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/wvc.2019.7635.
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Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death in the world. It is a cardiovascular disease characterized by the accumulation of inflammatory cells and lipids inside the artery walls. In Brazil, more than 30% of all deaths are due to cardiovascular diseases. The carotid intima-media thickness, obtained from ultrasound images, maybe an early estimate of atherosclerosis.This test is fast, safe and non-invasive, as well as being reproducible and relatively inexpensive. In this context, this work, based on convolutional neural networks and techniques of mathematical morphology, consists in automatically locating the region that covers the intima and media sublayers of carotid arteries. The proposed method obtained a score of 88% considering the trained model applied to 234 ultrasonographic images in two different datasets. The analysis of the neighborhood of the points obtained can be useful in the evaluation of cardiovascular risk factors.
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Galambos, Paul. "Flow Resistance of Surface Micromachined Microfluidic Channels". In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-61001.
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In this paper measured pressure vs. flow and flow resistance are compared with theoretical predictions (Poiseuille flow) for surface micromachined microfluidic channels with thin-film deformable covers. Three sets of data are compared. In data set 3 the channel width is narrow, channel deflections are relatively small, and there is very little deviation from the theoretical flow resistance prediction. In data sets 1 and 2 there is significant deviation from Poiseuille flow predictions—with flow resistances as little as 1/2 the predicted values that decrease with increasing pressure. Two hypotheses to explain this discrepancy are discussed: (1) channel cover deflection leading to deeper, lower resistance flow channels, and (2) an observed two-phase, air/water, flow phenomena leading to reduced effective wall friction in the channel.
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Fakoor-Pakdaman, M., e Majid Bahrami. "Transient Internal Forced Convection Under Step Wall Heat Flux Condition". In ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2013-17146.
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A new closed-form analytical model is developed to predict transient laminar forced convection inside a circular tube following a time-wise step change in the wall heat flux. The proposed all-time model is based on a blending of two asymptotes; i) short-time asymptote: transient pure conduction in an infinite cylinder and ii) long-time asymptote: steady-state convective heat transfer inside a circular duct. Different fluid velocity profiles are taken into consideration and the model covers: i) Slug Flow (SF); ii) Hydrodynamically Fully Developed Flow (HFDF); and iii) Simultaneously Developing Flow (SDF) conditions. The present model is developed for the entire range of the Fourier and Prandtl numbers. As such, short- and long-time asymptotes for the fluid bulk temperature are obtained. The Nusselt number is defined based on the local temperature difference between the tube wall temperature and the fluid bulk temperature. It is shown that irrespective of the velocity profile, at the initial times the Nusselt number is only a function of time. However, at the steady state condition it depends solely upon the axial location. In addition, during the transient period, the Nusselt number is much higher than that of the long-time response. We also performed an independent numerical simulation using COMSOL Multiphysics to validate the present analytical model. The comparison between the numerical and the present analytical model shows good agreement; a maximum relative difference less than 9.1%.
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Song, Hyuk-Jin, e Jong Woon Park. "Computation of Solid Melting With Wall Boiling Under External Reactor Vessel Cooling". In 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-81499.
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The solid wall convection melting physics is computed with coupling external boiling physics based on the volume-of-fluid model in the STAR-CCM+ code. A three-dimensional rectangular computational sample domain is used with 5.0 cm height, 4.0 cm width and 1.0 cm depth. This domain is separated by carbon steel representing a reactor vessel section in contact with water channel representing the gap between the reactor vessel outer surface and the insulation. The flow rate of the bottom inlet flow in the water flow channel is 2 × 10−2 kg/sec with temperature at 92 °C. The concentrated heat flux of 2.1 MW/m2 obtained from a typical APR1400 reactor condition is imposed at the center of the left wall of the solid region. At the same time, subcooled water entering the right channel boils and the vapor film covers the surface which expedites melting process in the solid heated region. Important finding is that solid wall melt-through is not expected as far as for the present analysis conditions and there is a minimum water flow rate below which the rate of solid melting is saturated.
Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Wall covers"
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Crouch e Smith. L51976 Critical Assessment of the Remaining Strength of Corroded Pipe Using MFL Signals. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), setembro de 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011272.
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This report covers experimental work done to investigate the use of magnetic flux leakage signals from in-line inspection for measuring biaxial stress in the pipe wall. Test results show that the ratio of lowfield signals to high-field signals correlates well with the difference between axial and hoop stress. If data from pressure transducers are available, the hoop component can be backed out, leaving a good estimate of axial stress. Also in the report is a detailed discussion of the development and validation of a corrosion assessment method, SAFEGTI, that uses the MFL data and produces an estimate of failure pressure which is more accurate and less conservative than the other commonly used algorithms for biaxially loaded pipelines. Axial loading may occur from subsidence, land shifts, or from thermal effects.
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Chen. L51995 Class Location Criteria for Gas Pipelines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), dezembro de 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010375.
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Current standards and regulations for gas transmission pipelines classify pipeline corridors into location classes and specify design factors accordingly. In the U.S., the current class location system was developed in the 1950's to mitigate increased potential of equipment impact due to frequent excavation activities in developed areas (Shires and Harrison 1998, Michalopoulos and Babka 2000). By using relatively low design factors for populated areas, the increased wall thickness provides extra protection to resist equipment impact with corresponding increase in costs. The primary objectives of this project were to examine the current class location system and develop supplementary criteria that would enhance pipeline safety by applying risk-based or reliability-based methods. This report covers four related topics dealing with 1. assessment area, 2. end boundary between different class locations, 3. enhanced prevention and maintenance for class upgrade, and 4. development of a new safety class system.
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Agudelo Urrego, Luz María, Chatuphat Savigamin, Devansh Gandhi, Ghadir Haikal e Antonio Bobet. Assessment of Pipe Fill Heights. Purdue University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317612.
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The design of buried pipes, in terms of the allowable minimum and maximum cover heights, requires the use of both geotechnical and structural design procedures. The geotechnical procedure focuses on estimating the load on the pipe and the compressibility of the foundation soil. The focus of the structural design is choosing the correct cross-section details of the pipe under consideration. The uncertainties of the input parameters and installation procedures are significant. Because of that, the Load Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) method is considered to be suitable for the design of buried pipes. Furthermore, the interaction between the pipe structure and surrounding soil is better captured by implementing soil-structure interaction in a finite element numerical solution technique. The minimum cover height is highly dependent on the anticipated traffic load, whereas the maximum cover height is controlled by the section properties of the pipe and the installation type. The project focuses on the determination of the maximum cover heights for lock-seam CSP, HDPE, PVC, polypropylene, spiral bound steel, aluminum alloy, steel pipe lock seam and riveted, steel pipe and aluminum arch lock seam and riveted, non-reinforced concrete, ribbed and smooth wall polyethylene, smooth wall PVC, vitrified clay, structural plate steel or aluminum alloy pipe, and structural plate pipe arch steel, or aluminum alloy pipes. The calculations are done with the software CANDE, a 2D plane strain FEM code that is well-accepted for designing and analyzing buried pipes, that employs the LRFD method. Plane strain and beam elements are used for the soil and pipe, respectively, while interface elements are placed at the contact between the pipe and the surrounding soil. The Duncan-Selig model is employed for the soil, while the pipe is assumed to be elastic. Results of the numerical simulations for the maximum fill for each type and size of pipe are included in the form of tables and figures.
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Anderson, Zachary W., Greg N. McDonald, Elizabeth A. Balgord e W. Adolph Yonkee. Interim Geologic Map of the Browns Hole Quadrangle, Weber and Cache Counties, Utah. Utah Geological Survey, dezembro de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/ofr-760.
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The Browns Hole quadrangle is in Weber and Cache Counties of northern Utah and covers the eastern part of Ogden Valley, a rapidly developing area of the Wasatch Range. The Middle and South Forks of the Ogden River bisect the quadrangle and are important watersheds and recreational areas to the communities of Ogden Valley and the Wasatch Front. The towns of Huntsville and Eden are just west of the quadrangle, unincorporated communities with year-round residents are present throughout the quadrangle, and numerous summer-cabin communities are present in the eastern part of the quadrangle. A portion of Powder Mountain ski resort, which draws year-round visitation and recreation, is present in the northwest corner of the quadrangle. The quadrangle contains the Willard thrust, a major thrust fault with approximately 30 mi (50 km) of eastward displacement that was active during the Cretaceous-Eocene Sevier orogeny (Yonkee and others, 2019). In the quadrangle, the Willard thrust places Neoproterozoic through Ordovician strata in the hanging wall over a fault-bounded lozenge of Cambrian strata and footwall Jurassic and Triassic strata (see cross section on Plate 2). Neoproterozoic strata comprise a succession of mostly clastic rocks deposited during rifting of western North America and breakup of the supercontinent Rodinia (Yonkee and others, 2014). These rocks include the Cryogenian-age Perry Canyon and Maple Canyon Formations, and the Ediacaran-age Kelley Canyon Formation, Papoose Creek Formation, Caddy Canyon Quartzite, Inkom Formation, Mutual Formation, and Browns Hole Formation. The Browns Hole Formation is a sequence of interbedded volcaniclastic rock and basalt lava flows that provides the only radiometric age control in the quadrangle. Provow and others (2021) reported a ~610 Ma detrital apatite U-Pb age from volcaniclastic sandstone at the base of the formation, Crittenden and Wallace (1973) reported a 580 ± 14 Ma K-Ar hornblende age for a volcanic clast, and Verdel (2009) reported a 609 ± 25 Ma U-Pb apatite age for a basalt flow near the top of the formation. Cambrian strata in the hanging wall include a thick basal clastic sequence (Geertsen Canyon Quartzite) overlain by a thick sequence of interbedded limestone, shale, and dolomite (Langston, Ute, and Blacksmith Formations). Hanging wall rocks are deformed by Willard thrust-related structures, including the Browns Hole anticline, Maple Canyon thrust, and numerous smaller folds and minor faults. Footwall rocks of the Willard thrust include highly deformed Cambrian strata within a fault-bounded lozenge exposed in the southern part of the quadrangle, and Jurassic and Triassic rocks exposed just south of the quadrangle. The Paleocene-Eocene Wasatch Formation unconformably overlies older rocks and was deposited over considerable paleotopography developed during late stages of the Sevier orogeny. The southwest part of the quadrangle is cut by a southwest-dipping normal fault system that bounds the east side of Ogden Valley. This fault is interpreted to have experienced an early phase of slip during local late Eocene to Oligocene collapse of the Sevier belt and deposition of volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks (Norwood Tuff) exposed west of the quadrangle (Sorensen and Crittenden, 1979), and a younger phase of slip during Neogene Basin and Range extension (Zoback, 1983). Lacustrine deposits and shorelines of Pleistocene-age Lake Bonneville are present in the southwest corner of the quadrangle near the mouth of the South Fork of the Ogden River and record the highstand of Lake Bonneville (Oviatt, 2015). Pleistocene glacial deposits, present in the northwest corner of the map, are likely related to the Pinedale glaciation, commonly expressed by two moraine building episodes in the Wasatch Range (Quirk and others, 2020). Numerous incised alluvial deposits and geomorphic surfaces are present along major drainages and record pre- and post-Lake Bonneville aggradational and degradational alluvial and colluvial sequences. Mass-movement deposits, including historically active landslides, are present throughout the quadrangle. Crittenden (1972) mapped the Browns Hole quadrangle at 1:24,000 scale, which provided an excellent foundation for the general stratigraphy and structure, but the 1972 map lacked important details of unconsolidated surficial units. As part of 1:62,500 scale mapping of the Ogden 30'x60' quadrangle, Coogan and King (2016) updated stratigraphic nomenclature, revised some contacts, and added more details for surficial units. For this map, we utilized new techniques for data acquisition and analysis to delineate surficial deposits, bedrock contacts, and faults more accurately and precisely. Mapping and field data collection were largely done in 2021–2022 using a combination of GPS-enabled tablets equipped with georectified aerial imagery (U.S. Department of Agriculture [USDA] National Agriculture Imagery Program [NAIP], 2009), orthoimagery (Utah Geospatial Resource Center [UGRC] State Geographic Information Database, 2018b, 2018c; 2021a, 2021b), and lidar data (UGRC State Geographic Information Database, 2006; 2011; 2013–2014; 2018a), previously published geologic maps, topographic maps, and applications for digital attitude collection. We also used hand-held GPS units, Brunton compasses, and field notebooks to collect geologic data. Field data were transferred to a Geographic Information System (GIS), where the map was compiled and completed.
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Alers, Ron. DTPH56-06-T-0009 Enhancing Direct Assessment with Remote Inspection through Coatings and Buried Regions. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), maio de 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011809.
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The objective of this program is to advance the state-of-the-art of electromagnetic induction transducer technology to demonstrate the ability to perform an ultrasonic inspection of steel pipes with sensors separated from the pipe wall by a large distance which may be filled with an irregular layer of tar or other corrosion preventing coating. Thus, a direct assessment of a pipeline's integrity can be achieved from a single ultrasonic sensor placed on top of a partially excavated pipeline while it is still covered with a thick tar coating.
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Zand, Benjamin. PR-218-104509-R02 Field Validation of Surface Loading Stress Calculations for Buried Pipelines Milestone 2. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), abril de 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011477.
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In this work, the Canadian Energy Pipeline Association (CEPA) equation for prediction of hoop stress in a buried pipeline was validated using the Milestone 1 experimental data. The Milestone 1 testing program included a 24-inch outside diameter (OD), 0.25-inch wall thickness (WT) pipe specimen in sand (24-inch Sand); a 12.75-inch OD, 0.5-inch WT pipe specimen in clay (12-inch Packed Clay); and a 24-inch OD, 0.25-inch WT pipe specimen in clay (24-inch Dumped Clay). Two different depths of cover (DOC) values of 2 and 3 feet were used in the testing and the test specimens were crossed by a variety of construction equipment, namely a dump truck, a bulldozer, a front loader, and a vibratory compactor. The testing was conducted at internal pipe pressures of zero, 550 and 750 psig.
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Kiefner e Vieth. L51688 RSTRENG2 (DOS Version) User's Manual. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), março de 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011339.
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The RSTRENG 3.0 (Windows Version) software program and users manual were developed to enhance the usability and options available in the original program RSTRENG. RSTRENG was developed as part of AGA PR-3-805, "A Modified Criterion for Evaluating the Remaining Strength of Corroded Pipe." Like the original version of RSTRENG, RSTRENG 3.0 can be used by pipeline operators to evaluate the remaining strength of corroded pipe. The required user inputs are pipe diameter, wall thickness, grade of the pipe material, and a series of pit depth and length measurements. The new version of the software actually produces the same results as the first version; the improvements serve to make the software more versatile and user-friendly. Includes soft-cover manual and software diskette (5 1/4-inch). (Includes: L51688B, Modified Criterion for Evaluating the Remaining Strength of Corroded Pipe).
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Pargeter. L51579 Field Weldability of High Strength Pipeline Steels. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), março de 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010292.
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There are a number of economic advantages that arise through using high strength pipeline steels. The reduced wall thickness leads to lower steel tonnage requirements and provides scope for reducing welding time. Until relatively recently, the API specification 5L�" Specification for Linepipe" only covered steels up to 70 ksi minimum yield strength. This document reports on small scale weldability tests on two X80 grade steels and presents mechanical property data on full-size circumferential girth welds. Small scale SMA weldability was assessed using the WIC test with cellulosic consumables of matching strength. Weld metal, rather than HAZ, hydrogen cracking was found to occur at preheat temperatures below approximately 110 C (230 F). Heat affected zone cracking was not observed in any of the WIC tests.
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Kiefner e Vieth. L51688B A Modified Criterion for Evaluating the Remaining Strength of Corroded Pipe. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), dezembro de 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011347.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
The RSTRENG software program and users manual were developed to enhance the usability and options available in the original program RSTRENG. RSTRENG was developed as part of AGA PR-3-805, "A Modified Criterion for Evaluating the Remaining Strength of Corroded Pipe." RSTRENG can be used by pipeline operators to evaluate the remaining strength of corroded pipe. The required user inputs are pipe diameter, wall thickness, grade of the pipe material, and a series of pit depth and length measurements. The new version of the RSTRENG software actually produces the same results as the first version; the improvements serve to make the software more versatile and user-friendly. Includes soft-cover manual and CD. It also address some problems encountered in its use (principally through misunderstanding or misuse). There will be flags alerting the user that he is attempting to extend the RSTRENG equation beyond its validation points and that the results may be non-conservative in a given application. A new version of the software was released in August 1999. (Includes: L51688, RSTRENG 3.0 Users Manual and Software) (https://prci.quickbase.com/db/bc5ycaqrp?a=dr and r=hh3 and rl=bf8j)
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Weinschenk, Craig, Daniel Madrzykowski e Paul Courtney. Impact of Flashover Fire Conditions on Exposed Energized Electrical Cords and Cables. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, outubro de 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/hdmn5904.
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A set of experiments was conducted to expose different types of energized electrical cords for lamps, office equipment, and appliances to a developing room fire exposure. All of the cords were positioned on the floor and arranged in a manner to receive a similar thermal exposure. Six types of cords commonly used as power supply cords, extension cords, and as part of residential electrical wiring systems were chosen for the experiments. The non-metallic sheathed cables (NMB) typically found in residential electrical branch wiring were included to provide a link to previous research. The basic test design was to expose the six different types of cords, on the floor of a compartment to a growing fire to determine the conditions under which the cord would trip the circuit breaker and/or undergo an arc fault. All of the cords would be energized and installed on a non-combustible surface. Six cord types (18-2 SPT1, 16-3 SJTW, 12-2 NM-B, 12-3 NM-B, 18-3 SVT, 18-2 NISPT-2) and three types of circuit protection (Molded case circuit breaker (MCCB), combination Arc-fault circuit interrupter (AFCI), Ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFCI)) were exposed to six room-scale fires. The circuit protection was remote from the thermal exposure. The six room fires consisted of three replicate fires with two sofas as the main fuel source, two replicate fires with one sofa as the main fuel source and one fire with two sofas and MDF paneling on three walls in the room. Each fuel package was sufficient to support flashover conditions in the room and as a result, the impact on the cords and circuit protection was not significantly different. The average peak heat release rate of the sofa fueled compartment fires with gypsum board ceiling and walls was 6.8 MW. The addition of vinyl covered MDF wall paneling on three of the compartment walls increased the peak heat release rate to 12 MW, although most of the increased energy release occurred outside of the compartment opening. In each experiment during post flashover exposure, the insulation on the cords ignited and burned through, exposing bare conductor. During this period the circuits faulted. The circuit protection devices are not designed to provide thermal protection, and, thus, were installed remote from the fire. The devices operated as designed in all experiments. All of the circuit faults resulted in either a magnetic trip of the conventional circuit breaker or a ground-fault trip in the GFCI or AFCI capable circuit protection devices. Though not required by UL 1699, Standard for Safety for Arc-Fault Circuit-Interrupters as the solution for detection methodology, the AFCIs used had differential current detection. Examination of signal data showed that the only cord types that tripped with a fault to ground were the insulated conductors in non-metallic sheathed cables (12-2 NM-B and 12-3 NM-B). This was expected due to the bare grounding conductor present. Assessments of both the thermal exposure and physical damage to the cords did not reveal any correlation between the thermal exposure, cord damage, and trip type.