Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Vues sur les modèles"
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Ahmad, Houda. "Une approche matérialisée basée sur les vues pour l'intégration de documents XML". Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10086.
Texto completo da fonteSemi-structured data play an increasing role in the development of the Web through the use ofXML. However, the management of semi-structured data poses specific problems because semi-structured data, contrary to classical databases, do not rely on a predefined schema. The schema of a document is contained in the document itself and similar documents may be represented by different schemas. Consequently, the techniques and algorithms used for querying or integrating this data are more complex than those used for structured data. The objective of our work is the integration of XML data by using the principles of Osiris, a prototype of KB-DBMS, in which views are a central concept. Ln this system, a family of objects is defined by a hierarchy of views, where a view is defined by its parent views and its own attributes and constraints. Osiris belongs to the family of Description Logics; the minimal view of a family of objects is assimilated to a primitive concept and its other views to defined concepts. An object of a family satisfies sorne ofits views. For each family of objects, Osiris builds a n-dimensional classification space by analysing the constraints defined in all of its views. This space is used for object classification and indexation. Ln this the sis we study the contribution of the main features of Osiris - classification, indexation and semantic query optimization - to the integration ofXML documents. For this purpose we produce a target schema (an abstract XML schema), who represents an Osiris schema; every document satisfying a source schema (concrete XML schema) is rewritten in terrns of the target schema before undergoing the extraction of the values ofits entities. The objects corresponding to these entities are then classified and indexed. The Osiris mechanism for semantic query optimization can then be used to extract the objects of interest of a query
Ahmad, Houda. "Une approche matérialisée basée sur les vues pour l'intégration de documents XML". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00957148.
Texto completo da fonteMorgand, Alexandre. "Un modèle géométrique multi-vues des taches spéculaires basé sur les quadriques avec application en réalité augmentée". Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC078/document.
Texto completo da fonteAugmented Reality (AR) consists in inserting virtual elements in a real scene, observed through a screen or a projection system on the scene or the object of interest. The augmented reality systems can take different forms to obtain a balance between three criteria: precision, latency and robustness. It is possible to identify three main components to these systems: localization, reconstruction and display. The contributions of this thesis focus essentially on the display and more particularly the rendering of augmented reality applications. Contrary to the recent advances in the field of localization and reconstruction, the insertion of virtual elements in a plausible and aesthetic way remains a complicated problematic, ill-posed and not adapted to a real-time context. Indeed, this insertion requires a good understanding of the lighting conditions of the scene. The lighting conditions of the scene can be divided in several categories. First, we can model the environment to describe the interaction between the incident and reflected light pour each 3D point of a surface. Secondly, it is also possible to explicitly the environment by computing the position of the light sources, their type (desktop lamps, fluorescent lamp, light bulb, . . . ), their intensities and their colors. Finally, to insert a virtual object in a coherent and realistic way, it is essential to have the knowledge of the surface’s geometry, its chemical composition (material) and its color. For all of these aspects, the reconstruction of the illumination is difficult because it is really complex to isolate the illumination without prior knowledge of the geometry, material of the scene and the camera pose observing the scene. In general, on a surface, a light source leaves several traces such as shadows, created from the occultation of light rays by an object, and the specularities (or specular reflections) which are created by the partial or total reflection of the light. These specularities are often described as very high intensity elements in the image. Although these specularities are often considered as outliers for applications such as camera localization, reconstruction or segmentation, these elements give crucial information on the position and color of the light source but also on the surface’s geometry and the material’s reflectance where these specularities appear. To address the light modeling problem, we focused, in this thesis, on the study of specularities and on every information that they can provide for the understanding of the scene. More specifically, we know that a specularity is defined as the reflection of the light source on a shiny surface. From this statement, we have explored the possibility to consider the specularity as the image created from the projection of a 3D object in space.We started from the simple but little studied in the literature observation that specularities present an elliptic shape when they appear on a planar surface. From this hypothesis, can we consider the existence of a 3D object fixed in space such as its perspective projection in the image fit the shape of the specularity ? We know that an ellipsoid projected perspectivally gives an ellipse. Considering the specularity as a geometric phenomenon presents various advantages. First, the reconstruction of a 3D object and more specifically of an ellipsoid, has been the subject to many publications in the state of the art. Secondly, this modeling allows a great flexibility on the tracking of the state of the specularity and more specifically the light source. Indeed, if the light is turning off, it is easy to visualize in the image if the specularity disappears if we know the contour (and reciprocally of the light is turning on again). (...)
Rochet, Marie-Joëlle. "Apports des modèles mathématiques en épidémiologie : points de vue sur la filariose de Bancroft". Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10237.
Texto completo da fonteThonet, Thibaut. "Modèles thématiques pour la découverte non supervisée de points de vue sur le Web". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30167/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe advent of online platforms such as weblogs and social networking sites provided Internet users with an unprecedented means to express their opinions on a wide range of topics, including policy and commercial products. This large volume of opinionated data can be explored and exploited through text mining techniques known as opinion mining or sentiment analysis. Contrarily to traditional opinion mining work which mostly focuses on positive and negative opinions (or an intermediate in-between), we study a more challenging type of opinions: viewpoints. Viewpoint mining reaches beyond polarity-based opinions (positive/negative) and enables the analysis of more subtle opinions such as political opinions. In this thesis, we proposed unsupervised approaches – i.e., approaches which do not require any labeled data – based on probabilistic topic models to jointly discover topics and viewpoints expressed in opinionated data. In our first contribution, we explored the idea of separating opinion words (specific to both viewpoints and topics) from topical, neutral words based on parts of speech, inspired by similar practices in the litterature of non viewpoint-related opinion mining. Our second contribution tackles viewpoints expressed by social network users. We aimed to study to what extent social interactions between users – in addition to text content – can be beneficial to identify users' viewpoints. Our different contributions were evaluated and benchmarked against state-of-the-art baselines on real-world datasets
Mazauric, Serge. "Modèles spectraux à transferts de flux appliqués à la prédiction de couleurs sur des surfaces imprimées en demi-ton". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSES064/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe protection of banknotes or identity documents against counterfeiting demands the development of control tools based on visual effects that are continuously renewed. These visual effects become thus difficult to counterfeit even by an expert forger ! This research tries to deal with that issue. Its objective is to bring new solutions using on the one side, the printing of diffusing materials, and on the other side the development of visual rendering models that can be observed. The visual effects that are sought-after are the color matching on both sides of a printed document when observed against thelight. To easily obtain a color matching, whatever the colors that are aimed for, it is essential to have a model that helps in calculating the quantity of ink to be left on the document. A model must be used to predict the spectral reflectance and the transmittance factors of the printed document by describing the phenomena of optical diffusion really present in the ink layers and in the document. We shall focus our interest especially on translucent printed documents that have halftone colors on both sides. Our goal here is to predict the visual rendering in different configurations of observation. To that end, we are offering a new approach based on the use of flux transfer matrices to predict the spectral reflectance and transmittance factors of prints when they are simultaneously lit up on both sides. By representing with transfer matrices the optical behavior of the different components present in a printed document, we see that the description of flux transfer between these elements is thus simplified. This mathematical framework leads to the construction of prediction models of halftone printed colors on diffusing materials. We also show that some existing models, such as the Kubelka-Munk or the Clapper-Yule models, can also be formulated in transfer matrices terms. The results that we get with the models used in this work make apparent identical prediction quality and in some cases even better ones to the ones found in the state of the art, while offering a simplification of the mathematical formulation and the physical description of the flux transfer. This simplification thus transforms these models into calculation tools that can easily be used especially for the choice of quantities of ink that must be left on both sides of the document in order to obtain color matching
Khalfaoui, Souhaiel. "Production automatique de modèles tridimensionnels par numérisation 3D". Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00841916.
Texto completo da fontePucel, Xavier. "Un point de vue unifié sur la diagnosticabilité". Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00354934.
Texto completo da fontePervanchon, Frank. "Modélisation de l'effet des pratiques agricoles sur la diversité végétale et la valeur agronomique des prairies permanentes en vue de l'élaboration d'indicateurs agri-environnementaux". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPL061N.
Texto completo da fonteWe set out the hypothesis according which it is necessary to elaborate a mathematical model for the prediction of vegetal diversity and of agronomical value of permanent grasslands. The fmal aim is to set up indicators of permanent grassland management according to the agricultural practices applied there. We demonstrate that multiple regression analysis does not allow obtaining effective models of vegetal diversity. Nevertheless, the prediction of pastoral value is rather effective when considering the environmental factors (pH, moisture, etc. ). However, these results do not concern the mixed grasslands of Lorraine, because of a weak number of available data. Ln order to predict vegetal diversity and agronomic value, we propose a model based on expert systems associated to fuzzy logic. This modelisation is one of the ftrst concrete applications of the theory of functional groups based on life traits of plant species. We show that it is possible to diagnose and predict vegetation (list of vegetal species) and the patrimonial value of grassland, without realizing floristic relevés, by being based only on the life traits already identified in litterature. Lndicators are obtained by reporting the model's results on an abacus ofregional values of vegetal diversity and ofpastoral value
El, Yadari Nizare. "Identification des défauts vus lors d'un contrôle non destructif ultrasonore par méthode d'inversion basée sur des résultats de modèles directs". Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077096.
Texto completo da fonteThis work aims at improving ultrasonic non-destructive testing methods in their ability to identify and size defects ultrasonic indications measured in a Bscan image resuit from different echo-formation mechanisms: specular refexion, diffraction, mode conversion. Moreover, since defects are close to the backwall surface of the component, appear echoes involving one reflection onto the backwall either for the incoming wave or for the wave scattered by the defect (corner effects) and echoes not due to the presence of a defect but to an irregularity of the part boundary. Consequently, the Bscan image is complicated and its interpretation is a difficult task. Our main objective is to obtain automatically defect characteristics (type, geometrical parameters) from an ultrasonic Bscan image. For this, an inverse method based on a two-step algorithm has been developped. The first step aims at defining a set of probable defects. The second step aims at finding among them the most probable solution. The performance of the proposed procédure is demonstrated by numerical simulations and experimental measurements
Pontes, Miranda James William. "Federation of heterogeneous models with machine learning-assisted model views". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025IMTA0454.
Texto completo da fonteModel-driven engineering (MDE) promotes models as a key element in addressing the increasing complexity of the software systems’ lifecycle. Engineering systems with MDE involves various models representing different system aspects. This heterogeneity requires model federation capabilities to integrate viewpoints specific to multiple domains. Model View solutions address this challenge but still lack more automation support. This thesis explores the integration of Machine Learning (ML), notably Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) and Large Language Models (LLMs), in order to improve the definition and building of such views. The proposed solution introduces a twofold approach within the EMF Views technical solution. This allowed to partially automate the definition of model views at design time, and to dynamically compute inter-model links at runtime. Our results indicate that the application of Deep Learning (DL) techniques, in this particular MDE context, already allows to achieve a first relevant level of automation. More globally, this research effort contributes to the ongoing development of more intelligent MDE solutions
Durand, Cédric. "Développement de résonateurs électromécaniques en technologie Silicon On Nothing, à détection capacitive et amplifiée par transistor MOS, en vue d’une co-intégration permettant d’adresser une application de référence de temps". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10008.
Texto completo da fonteDue to good performances, small size, or either integration possibilities very close to transistors,electromechanical resonators offer a strong potential for quartz replacement in time reference applications. In this context, we propose to develop electromechanical resonators in a perspective of a front-end integration, for the realization of integrated oscillators. The fabricated demonstrators are based on the Silicon On Nothing CMOS technology, under R&D at STMicroelectronics. Due to the small size of the studied components, a resonant gate transistor was used to amplify the resonance detection. Specific technological developments enabled the fabrication of both resonator and detection transistor. Device conception was made by the use of an electromechanical resonator model, developed during the study. Thurthermore, the model is compatible with design tools, making it usefull for MEMS oscillator conception.Then, we demonstrated resonator and MOSFET detection amplification well-functionning on the fabricated devices.This is the first demonstration of MOSFET detection functionality for a small size and in-plane vibrating component. Finally, the electromechanical model was validated with other models and measurements. In terms of perspectives, the use of various design or technology improvements could able the access to devices compatible with the realization of a high perfromances and co-integrated oscillator
Durand, Cédric. "Développement de résonateurs électromécaniques en technologie Silicon On Nothing, à détection capacitive et amplifiée par transistor MOS, en vue d’une co-intégration permettant d’adresser une application de référence de temps". Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10008/document.
Texto completo da fonteDue to good performances, small size, or either integration possibilities very close to transistors,electromechanical resonators offer a strong potential for quartz replacement in time reference applications. In this context, we propose to develop electromechanical resonators in a perspective of a front-end integration, for the realization of integrated oscillators. The fabricated demonstrators are based on the Silicon On Nothing CMOS technology, under R&D at STMicroelectronics. Due to the small size of the studied components, a resonant gate transistor was used to amplify the resonance detection. Specific technological developments enabled the fabrication of both resonator and detection transistor. Device conception was made by the use of an electromechanical resonator model, developed during the study. Thurthermore, the model is compatible with design tools, making it usefull for MEMS oscillator conception.Then, we demonstrated resonator and MOSFET detection amplification well-functionning on the fabricated devices.This is the first demonstration of MOSFET detection functionality for a small size and in-plane vibrating component. Finally, the electromechanical model was validated with other models and measurements. In terms of perspectives, the use of various design or technology improvements could able the access to devices compatible with the realization of a high perfromances and co-integrated oscillator
Filali, Ansary Tarik. "Indexation de modèles 3D à partir de vues 2D". Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TELE0006.
Texto completo da fonteThe management of big databases of three-dimensional models ( used in CAD applications, visualization, games, etc. ) is very important domain. The ability to characterize and easily retrieve 3D models is a key issue for the designers and the final users. In this frame, two main appoaches exist : search by example of a 3D model, and search by a 2D view or photo. In this thesis we focus ont he characterization of a 3D model by a set of views ( called characteristic views), and on the indexing process of the 3D models using theses characteristic views. In this thesis, we propose a new method for the selection of the " optimal" characteristic views set based on an informational criterion ( Bayesian information criteria). Starting from fact that all the views of a model 3D do not contain the same quantity of information about 3D model, we present a new bayesian approach for the indexing of the 3D models using their views. Our approach takes into account the probability of appreance of a 3D model and the importance of each of its view. Experiments carried on a database of 5000 3D models provided by Renault, within the framework of the RNRT SEMANTIC-D, show the good results of our method on mechanical objects. We compared our method with the most recent and relevant 3D models indexing methods using the standard database " Princeton Shape Benchmark". These experiments highlighted the very good results of our method compared with the ither approaches. To access our results and permit the test of our method, we made 3D search engine available online accessible using a PC or a PDA. Our searche engine permit the search for 3D objects using an example 3D model, a drawing or one or more photographs
Blache, Ludovic. "Représentation dynamique de modèles d'acteurs issus de reconstructions multi-vues". Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIMS012/document.
Texto completo da fonte4D multi-view reconstruction technologies are more and more used in media production due to their abilities to produce a virtual clone of an actor from a simple video acquisition performed by a set of multi-viewpoint cameras. This approach is a major advance for the composition of animations which mix virtual and real images, and also offers new possibilities for the rendering of such complex hybrid scenes. The work described in this thesis takes parts in the RECOVER 3D project which aims at developing an innovative industrial framework for TV production, based on multi-view reconstruction, from studio acquisition to broadcasting. The major drawback of the methods used in this context is that they are not adapted to the reconstruction of dynamic scenes. The output are time series which describe the successive poses of the actor, figured as a sequence of static objects. The goal of this thesis is to transform these initial results into a dynamic 3D object where the actor is figured as an animated character. The research detailed in this manuscript presents two main contributions. The first one is centered on the computation of a motion flow which represents the displacements occurring in the reconstructed scene between two consecutive poses. The second one presents a mesh animation process that leads to the animation of a 3D model from one pose to another, following the motion flow. This two-step operation is repeated throughout the entire pose sequence to finally obtain a single animated mesh that matches the evolving shape of the reconstructed actor. Results show that our method is able to produce a temporally consistent mesh animation from various sequences of visual hulls
Guinet, Jonathan. "Reconnaissance multi-vues de véhicules sur séquences d'images". Cergy-Pontoise, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CERG0451.
Texto completo da fonteVisual recognition of vehicles through multiple observations is an important task in automatic trafic management. We address the problem of vehicle matching on aerial images sequences with large view point and viewing condition differences. This task is a difficult problem for two principal reasons. On one hand our objects of interest are composed with large uniform patterns, subject to illumination problems, which results in bad discrimination power. On the other hand large pose variations may occur in vehicle comparison. The challenges of change in pose, aspect and appearances across two disparate observations are handled by using a precise a priori modelling of object geometry. Two recognitions strategies are proposed. The first one consists in adaptative threshold parametrized by viewing conditions. The second ones learns disriminants elements which characterize “same” and “different” couple of vehicles, to build a similarity measure. Evaluations and comparisons with state-of-art are proposed to validate our algorithms
Heuberger, Liana. "Deux points de vue sur les variétés de Fano : géométrie du diviseur anticanonique et classification des surfaces à singularités 1/3(1,1)". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066129/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis concerns Fano varieties, which are central objects within the classification of algebraic varieties.The first problem we discuss involves smooth Fano varieties of dimension four. We study the potential singularities of an anticanonical divisor and determine their explicit local expression. As an intermediate step, we show that they are terminal points, that is the singularities which are closest to the smooth case from the point of view of birational geometry. We then show that the latter result generalizes in arbitrary dimension if we suppose that a nonvanishing conjecture of Kawamata holds.The second approach is to examine Fano varieties of smaller dimensions which admit singularities. The objects we consider are log del Pezzo surfaces with 1/3(1,1) points. This is the simplest example of a rigid singularity, that is it remains unchanged under Q-Gorenstein deformations. We give a complete classification of these surfaces, finding 29 families. We also provide a table describing almost all of them as complete intersections in toric varieties. This work belongs to an overarching project that aims at studying mirror symmetry for del Pezzo surfaces with cyclic quotient singularities
Cassius, de Linval Isabelle, e Yves Djorno. "Génération d'ateliers de conception : métamodélisation orientée objet, cohérence incrémentale de vues de modèles". Paris 9, 1993. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1993PA090033.
Texto completo da fonteOussalah, Chabane. "Modèles hierarchisés / multi-vues pour le support de raisonnement dans les domaines techniques". Aix-Marseille 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX30029.
Texto completo da fonteMahmoudi, Saïd. "Indexation de formes planes : application à la reconnaissance multi-vues de modèles 3D". Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-291.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteGingras, Roxanne. "Gustave Caillebotte : vues sur le Paris moderne : 1876 et 1880". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26880.
Texto completo da fonteLandry, Tom. "Mesure des trajectoires de patineurs de vitesse courte piste par filtrage particulaire et simulation physique sur tracés paramétriques en vue de l'étude de la performance humaine". Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29263/29263.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteJuillet, Jean-Pierre. "Des vues de Spinoza sur quelques figures de la "philosophie vraie"". Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040143.
Texto completo da fonteThe central topic of this work is to study through which ways Spinoza’s philosophy solves or, at least, negotiates oppositions between absolutely or relatively heterogeneous figures (themes, notions or examples) it yields. Starting with an analysis of theoretical material provided by Spinoza himself, the first part exhibits the reasons why, in spite of originating from "imagination", the language can express true thoughts or true ideas. The second part, pondering on the lemmas of ethics II, deals with questions of physics and, more precisely, with the problem of the individuality of any given thing; it shows that there is probably a discrepancy between the consistency of an individual thing in itself or for god and its consistency for us. The third part establishes some connections between the idea that, if its outdoor surrounding is suppressed, any being will get an everlasting duration of existence and the idea that, according to ethics III, proposition IV, corollary II, a complete dissimilarity between the nature of a worshipper and the nature of the object of his adoration is the very condition of pure or even sacred love
Robert, Jean-Jacques. "Vues conceptuelles sur des bases d'information biomédicale : contribution au projet ARIANE". Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX30022.
Texto completo da fonteFrancis, Nadime. "Vues et requêtes sur les graphes de données : déterminabilité et réécritures". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLN015/document.
Texto completo da fonteGraph databases appear naturally in various scenarios, such as social networks and the semantic Web. In these cases, the information contained in the database lies as much in the data itself as in the topology of the graph, that is, in how the data points are linked together. This leads to considering traditional database theory questions for query languages that return data nodes based on the paths of the graph connecting them. We focus our attention on the view-based query determinacy and rewriting problems. They ask the question whether a view of the database contains enough information to fully answer a query without accessing the database directly. If so, we then want to express the answer to the query directly with regards to the view. This setting occurs in many applications, such as data integration and query optimization. We start by comparing these two tasks to other common task in this setting: computing certain answers, checking consistency of a view instance and updating it. We then build on these results in two specific cases. First, we show that for regular path queries, the existence of a monotone rewriting coincides with the existence of a rewriting expressible in Datalog. Then, we show that for views that only consider the lengths of the path in the graph, we can decide a weaker form of determinacy, called asymptotic determinacy, and produce first-order rewritings for the queries that are asymptotically determined
Padberg, Gabriele. "Georg Forster - observateur d'œuvre d'art : à l'époque des "Vues sur le Rhin inférieur"". Besançon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BESA1012.
Texto completo da fonteIdabal, Hicham. "CONTRIBUTION À L'ANALYSE DE L'IMPACT DE MISES À JOUR SUR DES VUES ET SUR DES CONTRAINTES D'INTÉGRITÉ XML". Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00580926.
Texto completo da fonteCao, Hongliu. "Forêt aléatoire pour l'apprentissage multi-vues basé sur la dissimilarité : Application à la Radiomique". Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR073/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe work of this thesis was initiated by a Radiomic learning problem. Radiomics is a medical discipline that aims at the large-scale analysis of data from traditional medical imaging to assist in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. The main hypothesis of this discipline is that by extracting a large amount of information from the images, we can characterize the specificities of this pathology in a much better way than the human eye. To achieve this, Radiomics data are generally based on several types of images and/or several types of features (from images, clinical, genomic). This thesis approaches this problem from the perspective of Machine Learning (ML) and aims to propose a generic solution, adapted to any similar learning problem. To do this, we identify two types of ML problems behind Radiomics: (i) learning from high dimension, low sample size (HDLSS) and (ii) multiview learning. The solutions proposed in this manuscript exploit dissimilarity representations obtained using the Random Forest method. The use of dissimilarity representations makes it possible to overcome the well-known difficulties of learning high dimensional data, and to facilitate the joint analysis of the multiple descriptions, i.e. the views.The contributions of this thesis focus on the use of the dissimilarity easurement embedded in the Random Forest method for HDLSS multi-view learning. In particular, we present three main results: (i) the demonstration and analysis of the effectiveness of this measure for HDLSS multi-view learning; (ii) a new method for measuring dissimilarities from Random Forests, better adapted to this type of learning problem; and (iii) a new way to exploit the heterogeneity of views, using a dynamic combination mechanism. These results have been obtained on radiomic data but also on classical multi-view learning problems
Nedjar, Boumedyen. "Modélisation basée sur la méthode des réseaux de perméances en vue de l’optimisation de machines synchrones à simple et à double excitation". Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DENS0056/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe electric and / or hybrid driveis are an application area growing with a strong restriction in terms of congestion. This prompted the designers to create appropriate structures. Among these topologies, we find the double-excitation synchronous machine (MSDE). These machines can combine the advantages of permanent magnets machine and those of a coils excited machine.The choice of a model for these machines is an important step in the analysis, optimization and pre-sizing. This thesis presents a contribution to the modeling by magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) of single and double excitation synchronous machines. Three parties are offered as well. The first part of the thesis presents two states of the art: one on the double-excitation synchronous machines and the other on the modeling of electrical machines, mainly in the modeling by magnetic equivalent circuit. In the second part, we discuss the 2D modeling of flux concentration permanent magnet synchronous machine taking into account the rotation and saturation. The purpose of this section is to find ways to combine both computational time and accuracy. We start by using the magnetic equivalent circuit modeling based on a mesh of the structure and each mesh is replaced by two-way reluctances, then a torque estimation are obtened by two methods flux-FMM and Maxwell stress Tensor. The second section presents a coupling between magnetic equivalent circuit and finite element method. The proposed method is to solve the two models (reluctant and finite elements) simultaneously with software EF. The coupling is performed by an equivalence between the geometric dimensions and magnetic properties of materials. The presentation of different models in terms of time-accurate calculation shows the effectiveness of the use of MEC and coupling method compared to FEM. The third part concerns the three-dimensional modeling of double excitation synchronous machines. At first, we present an adaptation of the MEC to the three-dimensional structures. Then we apply this model to the double excitation synchronous machines (DESM). The DESM with flux concentration configuration is presented. To better control the wund flux of excitation, a buried magnet homopolar machine is also studied with the same approach. Model validation is performed by finite element and experimental measurements. In the last part, a comparison between homopolar and bipolar configurations is made, then the rotor flux concentration is optimized in order to compare it to the machine magnets buried
Arfaoui, Aymen. "Calibrage et modélisation d’un système de stéréovision hybride et panoramique". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26192.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis aims to present our contributions to the resolution of two problems encountered in the field of computer vision and photogrammetry, which are camera calibration and stereovision. These two problems have been extensively studied in the last years. Different camera calibration techniques have been developed in the literature depending on the type of camera (classical or panoramic, with zoom lens or fixed lens..). Our first contribution is a compact and accurate calibration setup, based on diffractive optical elements, which is suitable for different kind of cameras. The technique is very robust and optimal results were achieved for different types of cameras. With the multiplication of camera types and the diversity of the projection models, a generic model has become very interesting. Our second contribution is a generic model, which is suitable for conventional and panoramic cameras. In this model, composed cubic splines functions provide more realistic model of both radial and tangential distortions. Such an approach allows to model either hybrid or panoramic stereovision system and to convert panoramic image to classical image. Consequently, the processing challenges of a hybrid stereovision system or a panoramic stereovision system are turned into simple classical stereovision problems. Keywords: Calibration, panoramic vision, distortions, fisheye, zoom, panomorph, epipolar geometry, three-dimensional reconstruction, hybrid stereovision, panoramic stereovision.
Auberlet, Delle-Vedove Agnès. "Synthèse et étude structurale de n-benzoyl-n'-phenylurees, insecticides, en vue d'établir une relation entre la structure, la rétention dans des adsorbants modèles et le mode de dégradation. Suivi de recherches sur l'enseignement expérimental de la formulation : étude d'une famille de tensioactifs". Angers, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ANGE0002.
Texto completo da fonteCuenin, Johann. "Sur les modèles Tweedie multivariés". Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA2026/document.
Texto completo da fonteAfter a reminder of the natural exponential families framework and the univariate Tweedie distributions, we build two multivariate extension of the latter. A first construction, called Tweedie random vector, gives a multivariate Tweedie distribution parametrized by a mean vector and a dispersion matrix. We show that the correlations between the margins can be controlled and vary between -1 and 1. Some properties shared with the well-known Gaussian vector are given. By giving a matrix representation, we can simulate observations of Tweedie random vectors. The second construction establishes the multiple stable Tweedie models. They are vectors of which the first component is Tweedie and the others are independant Tweedie, given the first one, and with dispersion parameter given by an observation of the first component. We give the generalized variance and show that it is a product of powered component of the mean and give an efficient estimator of this parameter. Finally, we can show, with some restrictions, that the generalized variance is a tool which can be used for characterizing the natural exponential families generated by multiple stable Tweedie models
Stouls, Nicolas. "Systèmes de transitions symboliques et hiérarchiques pour la conception et la validation de modèles B raffinés". Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00216026.
Texto completo da fonteChambodut, aude. "Le Champ Magnétique Terrestre : Structures Spatiales et Variations Temporelles vues par les Ondelettes". Phd thesis, Institut de physique du globe de paris - IPGP, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008021.
Texto completo da fonteDans une première partie, nous décrivons et utilisons deux méthodes de modélisation du champ magnétique terrestre.
La première méthode utilisée est le développement en harmoniques sphériques. En utilisant les mesures fournies par les observatoires magnétiques et par les récents satellites, Ørsted et CHAMP, et en leur appliquant des critères de sélection, nous avons calculé des modèles candidats aux DGRFs de 1995 et 2000.
La seconde méthode que nous avons développée est la description du champ géomagnétique à l'aide des frames d'ondelettes de Poisson. Les comparaisons avec les harmoniques sphériques et les représentations de fonctions scalaires sur la sphère, illustrent la flexibilité de la méthode : le développement en frames d'ondelettes s'adapte à la répartition des données sur la sphère. Un même modèle en frames d'ondelettes comporte de petites échelles spatiales dans les zones où les données sont denses et des échelles spatiales plus grandes dans les régions où elles sont plus disparates. Les champs vectoriels dérivant de potentiels harmoniques, tels le champ magnétique et le champ de pesanteur, sont développés à partir des frames d'ondelettes.
Dans la seconde partie, nous étudions la variation temporelle du champ magnétique terrestre principal, la variation séculaire. Sa caractéristique la plus énigmatique est l'occurrence, à intervalles irréguliers, de brusques changements de sa tendance : les secousses géomagnétiques. Ces évènements sont détectables par l'analyse en ondelettes appliquée aux moyennes mensuelles des observatoires. Malheureusement, la distribution des observatoires est très irrégulière à la surface du Globe. Pour contourner ce problème dans l'étude des secousses géomagnétiques, une solution s'est alors imposée : l'utilisation de modèles de champ globaux et continus dans le temps, de type "comprehensive model". Nous avons ainsi étudié, par des méthodes simples, les répartitions temporelles et spatiales des secousses, vues par ces modèles, en tout point du globe sur les quatre dernières décennies. Nous nous sommes focalisé sur les secousses autour de 1971, 1980 et 1991 et avons mis en évidence des zones "aveugles", ou aucune secousse n'a été clairement détectée. Enfin, nous présentons une possible relation entre les secousses géomagnétiques et un paramètre physique à la surface du noyau, la pression dynamique absolue.
L'utilisation des ondelettes, en tant qu'outils de modélisation et d'analyse, permet d'explorer les échelles spatiales et temporelles du champ magnétique terrestre.
Plaud, Angéline. "Classification ensembliste des séries temporelles multivariées basée sur les M-histogrammes et une approche multi-vues". Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC047.
Texto completo da fonteRecording measurements about various phenomena and exchanging information about it, participate in the emergence of a type of data called time series. Today humongous quantities of those data are often collected. A time series is characterized by numerous points and interactions can be observed between those points. A time series is multivariate when multiple measures are recorded at each timestamp, meaning a point is, in fact, a vector of values. Even if univariate time series, one value at each timestamp, are well-studied and defined, it’s not the case of multivariate one, for which the analysis is still challenging. Indeed, it is not possible to apply directly techniques of classification developed on univariate data to the case of multivariate one. In fact, for this latter, we have to take into consideration the interactions not only between points but also between dimensions. Moreover, in industrial cases, as in Michelin company, the data are big and also of different length in terms of points size composing the series. And this brings a new complexity to deal with during the analysis. None of the current techniques of classifying multivariate time series satisfies the following criteria, which are a low complexity of computation, dealing with variation in the number of points and good classification results. In our approach, we explored a new tool, which has not been applied before for MTS classification, which is called M-histogram. A M-histogram is a visualization tool using M axis to project the density function underlying the data. We have employed it here to produce a new representation of the data, that allows us to bring out the interactions between dimensions. Searching for links between dimensions correspond particularly to a part of learning techniques called multi-view learning. A view is an extraction of dimensions of a dataset, which are of same nature or type. Then the goal is to display the links between the dimensions inside each view in order to classify all the data, using an ensemble classifier. So we propose a multi-view ensemble model to classify multivariate time series. The model creates multiple M-histograms from differents groups of dimensions. Then each view allows us to get a prediction which we can aggregate to get a final prediction. In this thesis, we show that the proposed model allows a fast classification of multivariate time series of different sizes. In particular, we applied it on aMichelin use case
CERRADA, LOZADA Mariela. "Sur les modèles flous adaptatifs dynamiques". Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010013.
Texto completo da fonteCerrada-Lozada, Mariela. "Sur les modèles flous adaptatifs dynamiques". Toulouse, INSA, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ISAT0021.
Texto completo da fonteThis work deals with the proposition of an adaptive fuzzy model with dynamical membership functions. The identification of the parameters of these membership functions is performed by a on-line reinforcement learning-based algorithm. This approach takes into account the system variables dynamic by incorporating the mean value and the variance, at time t, of the input and output variables of the fuzzy model into its membership functions. By this way, the fuzzy sets associated to the fuzzy variables, are relocated on the domain of discourse according to the sampled mean and variance values; thus, a disjointed partition of the fuzzy sets of the fuzzy model could be avoid. The dynamical property of the proposed fuzzy models is an asset in fuzzy control problems in case of time-varying nonlinear systems, for example. Classical examples related to the identification of time-varying nonlinear functions show the capabilities of the dynamical fuzzy models. An application to predictive control has been developed using the fuzzy model as one step ahead predictor and the reinforcement learning in the optimization problem of this type of control scheme. Finally, a discussion about the use of the information provided by the dynamical membership functions is presented in order to accomplish diagnosis and supervision tasks at upper levels
Delort, Jean-Yves. "Modèles de navigation sur le Web basés sur le contenu". Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066396.
Texto completo da fonteRazavizadeh, Azadeh. "BeeEye: approche et cadre de travail pour la construction des vues architecturales basées sur les points de vue". Chambéry, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CHAMS034.
Texto completo da fonteChanges and Evolution of software systems constantly generate new challenges for system understanding. Recovering system architectural représentations is particularly nteresting when sucé représentations are not available. The work presented in this thesis joins the effort on software architecture reconstruction. This thesis proposes approach BeeEye as a generic engineering approach to enable the construction of architectural views from an existing object-oriented system. BeeEye uses viewpoints and lets users define new ones. BeeEye provides différent construction prouesses; gives the possibility to define user-specific construction processus. The viewpoints are used to model the expectations and wishes (or priory knowledge) of users about the software system in question. Two categories of architectural views construction are proposed: construction by mapping and construction by explo`ration. The proposed approach is generic enough to be used with all objects software svstems for which we have the source code
Tazi, Khalid. "Contributions a l'etude des propagations des mises a jour sur les vues d'une base de donnees relationnelle". Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30016.
Texto completo da fonteTazi, Khalid. "Contributions à l'étude des propagations des mises à jour sur les vues d'une base de données relationnelle". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37610231d.
Texto completo da fonteLequette, Rémi. "Construction automatique de solides à partir de vues orthogonales de type dessin industriel". Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1987. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00325840.
Texto completo da fonteRucar, Yan. "Modèles procéduraux littéraires et création sur ordinateur". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/19721.
Texto completo da fonteMartineau, Sébastien. "Percolation sur les groupes et modèles dirigés". Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENSL0959/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis deals with two kinds of statistical mechanics problems: percolation ongroups and directed models. In the first case, we realise the group under considerationas a geometric object (via the notion of Cayley graph) before breaking it apartrandomly. The study of this process reveals deep connections between the geometricproperties of a group and the behaviour of Bernoulli percolation on it. In the secondcase, we focus on models where up and down play different roles, which makes severalquestions less hard to tackle.Chapter 1 strengthens the Indistinguishability Theorem of Lyons-Schramm, whichstates that the infinite clusters yielded by a Bernoulli percolation on a Cayley graphalmost surely all look alike. The non-Triviality of this strengthening is illustrated bya directed model that satisfies the Indistinguishability Property but not the StrongIndistinguishability Property.Chapter 2 has been obtained in collaboration with Vincent Tassion. We show thatthe value of the critical parameter for Bernoulli percolation essentially only dependson the local structure of the considered abelian Cayley graph.In Chapter 3, we introduce a directed version of the DLA model, for which weestablish the existence of an infinite volume dynamics, control the propagation ofinformation and prove asymptotic inequalities on the width and height of the cluster
Moumni, Mohammed. "Sur quelques modèles mathématiques issus du micromagnétisme". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LAROS004/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis is devoted to the study of some mathematical problems arising in micromagnetism. The models considered here are based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation (LLG) describing the evolution of the magnetization field in a ferromagnetic material. Our aim is the analysis of the behavior of the models regarding the slight variations of some physical parameters. We first recall some important notions about ferromagnetism. Then, we carry out a numerical study of a model of magnetization dynamics with inertial effects. We propose a semi-implicit finite difference scheme which intrinsically respects the properties of the continuous model. Numerical simulations are provided for emphasizing the effect of the inertia parameter. These simulations also show the performance of the scheme and confirm the order of convergence obtained theoretically. We then study a model of magnetization dynamics with a non-local damping. The sensitivity of the magnetization dynamics to the damping coefficient is studied by giving the limiting problem for small and large values of the parameter. Finally, we study the homogenization of the LLG equation in two types of structures, namely a composite material with strongly contrasted magnetic properties, and a periodically perforated material with surface anisotropy energy. The homogenized models are first obtained formally. The rigorous derivation is then performed using mainly the concepts of two-scale convergence, two-scale convergence on surfaces together with a new homogenization procedure for handling with the nonlinear terms. More precisely, an appropriate dilation operator is applied in a embedded cells network, the network being constrained by the microscopic geometry
Baudon, Alain. "Hydrocraquage d'hydrocarbures modèles sur catalyseurs industriels NiMoS". Poitiers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996POIT2302.
Texto completo da fonteRATOVOHERY, RATOBISON MANITRA AIME. "Sur l'étude des modèles économiques avec retard". Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010031.
Texto completo da fonteThis work is a systemic approach to the problems of systems with delays. The goals to be reached are: clarification of delay in its aggregate acceptation, investigation of the notion of delay in economics, popularization of the works of mickal kalecki, attempt to clarify notions of equilibrium and stability used in frequency analysis. It begins with presentation of varied notions of systems (evolutionary system, fatal system, hereditary system. . . ) and finishes by the concept of "systems or models with delays". Examples, taken from practice, are presented in physics, biology, pharmacology, demography and applied mathematics. Then, economics are explored: we deal with a typology of delay (robertson's, lundberg's, delay between production and income. . . ), with notions of investment process, problems of overall economic situation (business cycles, kondratieff's cycle, juglar's cycle, kitchine's cycle, cycle of growth. . . ). In this work, it has been insisted upon investigations of m. Kalecki with a chronological account of events of his life, the notions of isolated system, gross accumulation, kalecki's oscillator, grade of monopoly, capital intensity. . . And at last, the work ends by some notions of equilibrium and stability used in automatics (tests of stability, control systems, follow up system, theorem of the cobweb, asymptotic stability, simple stability, global and local stabilities, absolute stability,. . . )
Mignard, Caroline. "Sur quelques modèles animaux de neuropathies périphériques". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR13185.
Texto completo da fonteThe peripheral neuropathies are very common neuromuscular diseases. They are characterized by more or less severe motor dysfunction, sensitive disorders, loss of reflexes, amyotrophy of territories innervated by affected nerves and some neurovegetative disorders. The causes of neuropathies are various ; they can be of metabolic (diabetes), toxic (drugs), nutritional (vitamin B1 deficiency for example), infectious (disease of Lyme), inflammatory (syndrome of Guillain-Barré) or hereditary (Charcot Marie-Tooth's disease) origins. At the present date, the treatment of neuropathies is symptomatic and limited to relieve of pareasthesia and pain. In the frame of activities of Neurofit SA, the aim of the present work was to develop some animal models of peripheral neuropathies to search for novel therapeutic substances. We were involved in the validation of (a) 2 models of toxic neuropathies, namely those induced by antimitotic agent as vincristine and cisplatin; (b) a model of diabetic neuropathy and (c) a model of traumatic neuropathy (sciatic nerve injury). Different approaches were used to validate these models. The animals were submitted to behavioural tests, electrophysiological studies and histological examination of sciatic nerve. Our results show that these animal models fulfil the 3 validation criteria of an animal model : isomorphism (similar symptoms), homology (similar causes) and predictivity (improvement of symptoms by a reference treatment). In absence of a reference treatment of neuropathies, the criteria of predictivity was checked using 4-méthylcatéchol (4-MC), known as an inducer of NGF. The animal models of peripheral neuropathies characterized in this work now constitute a real tool of preclinical research, and the neuroprotective action of 4-MC takes a prominent position in treatment of sensitive or/and motor impairments, linked to toxic, metabolic or traumatic injuries of peripheral nerves
Karaki, Muath. "Opérateurs de composition sur les espaces modèles". Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10075/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis concerns the study of composition operators on model spaces. Let [Phi] be an analytic function on the unit disk into itself and let [Théta] be an inner function, that is a holomorphic function bounded by 1 such that the radial limits on the unit circle are of modulus 1 almost everywhere with respect to Lebesgue measure. With this function [Théta], we associate the model space K[Théta], defined as the set of functions f ∈ H², which are orthogonal to the subspace [Théta]H². Here H² is the Hardy space on the unit disc. These subspaces are important in operator theory because they are used to model a large class of contractions on Hilbert space. The first problem which we are interested in concerns the compactness of the composition operator C[Phi] as an operator on H² into H². Recently, Lyubarskii and Malinnikova have obtained a nice criterion for the compactness of these operators which is related to the Nevanlinna counting function. This criterion generalizes the classical criterion of Shapiro. In the first part of the thesis, we generalize this result of Lyubarskii-Malinnikova to a more general class of subspaces, known as de Branges-Rovnyak spaces or some subspaces of them. The techniques that are used are particular Bernstein type inequalities of these spaces.The second problem in which we are interested in this thesis concerns the invariance of K[Théta] under C[Phi]. We present a group structure on the unit disc via the automorphisms which fix the point 1. Then, through theinduced group action, each point of the unit disc produces an equivalence class which turns out to be a Blaschke sequence. Moreover, the corresponding Blaschke products are minimal solutions of the functional equation [Psi]°[Phi]=[Lambda][Psi] where [Lambda] is a unimodular constant and is an automorphism of the unit disc. These results are applied in the invariance problem of the model spaces by the composition operator
Kouame, Abo Justin. "Recherches sur les modèles argumentatifs en allemand". Paris 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA030068.
Texto completo da fonte