Artigos de revistas: "Voyages, imaginary – history and criticism"

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D, Yogalakshmi, e Vijayalakshmi S. "The Gift of Writers in Animating the Past to the Present as Tales of Remembrance: A Comparative Study of Salman Rushdie’s Victory City and Amitav Ghosh’s Jungle Nama". World Journal of English Language 13, n.º 7 (25 de julho de 2023): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v13n7p292.

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The research focuses on how fantasy is manifested as part of storytelling. Salman Rushdie’s Victory City (2023) and Amitav Ghosh’s Jungle Nama (2021) adopt ancient myths and histories that serve as remembrance tales. Both Rushdie and Ghosh evince a common interest in exploring social issues in their writings through an allegorical form. Rushdie’s Victory City is about the history of the Vijayanagar Empire, one of the most distinguished empires of medieval India (14th century to 16th century). Rushdie submitted his final edits of Victory City before the attack in New York City (Chautauqua) for his controversial novel The Satanic Verses. In the month of August 2022, he was stabbed in public by a youngster. He tweets that there is no freedom for authors to express themselves through writing. So, the research focuses on how fantasy serves as a tool for authors to express their views. His Victory City made him overcome all the negative criticism that he had encountered during the attack. Ghosh’s Jungle Nama also adopts the history of Sundarbans’ Forest goddess, Bon Bibi. Ghosh through his narration blends the myth and history of Bon Bibi who have been worshipped for centuries by the people of Sundarbans. Blending the real and imaginary in both fictions greatly challenges the differentiation between authenticity and fantasy. The supernatural phenomena in these narratives transport the reader from reality as a kind of escapism. During this, the characters in the fiction recall the past events and visions of the future in their present, and these aspects are also explored in the analysis. Victory City and Jungle Nama encounter the experience of mysticism in their narration which embarks on a voyage of difficulties and hindrances in the unreal world. Both these speculative fiction explore the concepts of fantasy and mystery so the theory of Magical Realism is applied to the strange creatures, other worlds, evils, demons, and demi-gods that exist in the fanciful setting which is also discussed.

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Малиновский, Артур. "Гетеротопия Г. Ф. Квитки-Основьяненко «Вояжеры» в контексте теории пространственного поворота". Studia Slavica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 66, n.º 2 (16 de janeiro de 2023): 287–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/060.2022.00039.

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Статья посвящена не исследованной в современном литературоведении повести Г. Ф. Квитки- Основьяненко, интересной с точки зрения жанровых ресурсов, их сложного преломления в перспек-тиве художественного пространства. Рассмотрена пародия на имперское культурное пространство, которое множится, разрастается путем экспансии, трансгрессии на территорию чужого. Кумуляция фиктивных хронотопов с перенесенными на свою почву чужими идеологиями, воображаемой, отор-ванной от реальности, фальшивой европеизацией оборачивается опосредованной формой антико-лониальной критики. Мимикрия, бездумное копирование становится настоящим обезьянничаньем, удвоенным в гетеротопии как форме интенсивного «производства пространства», его лабильности, деформаций, семантических сдвигов и смещений. Продуцирование пространства осуществляется в воображении, с помощью фантазирования, которое превращается в цепочку причудливых соеди-нений, гротескных образов, зеркальных отображений.Воссозданное Г. Квиткой-Основьяненко время и пространство построено на серии перемещений по имперским просторам, механистическом движении скульптурных поз и жестов, окаменелых тел, автоматов, кукол, марионеток вместо людей. При этом семантизация пространства непосредствен-но связана с субъективными интенциями, внутренним миром повествователя-визионера. Перед нами инверсивная, критически переосмысленная модель заряженного человеческими свойствами, чувствами, эмоциями феноменологического пространства, описанного Г. Башляром. Ее примене-ние по отношению к культурным реалиям первой половины XIX века позволяет адекватно интер-претировать весьма характерную для империи галломанию, моду на все французское, заграничное, обезьянничанье, слепое подражание образцам чужой культуры. Обращает на себя внимание соотнесенность этого поведения с культурной прецедентностью, следовательно, прочтение «вояжей» как риторических фигур, в аллегорическом ключе. Текстуальное прочтение пространственных перевоплощений обусловливает их трансгрессивный характер, выход за собственные пределы, экс-пансию, которая приводит к кризисному характеру гетеротопии без географических границ.Отдельного внимания заслуживает то, что украинский прозаик предлагает собственную интер-претацию концептов просветительской культуры, в частности утопий психоавтоматов, механиз-мов, которые предстают аллегориями живых людей, их предсказуемого поведения. Пародийный эффект усиливается не только нанизыванием несоответствий формы и содержания, пространства действия и пространства воображения, но и полемикой с имперским травелогом, прежде всего его наиболее реакционными, оппозиционными по отношению к Квитке-Основьяненко представителя-ми. Однако антиколониальная критика подчинена все же решению жанровых задач на уровне ино-сказания, пространственного поворота, переосмысления бинарной и тернарной моделей культуры.A parody of the imperial cultural space is considered in the paper. It is multiplied and grown through expansion and transgression into foreign lands. The accumulation of fictitious time-and-space notions with implicit foreign ideologies, which are imaginary, detached from reality, and erroneous Europeanization turns into an indirect form of anti-colonial criticism. Mimicry and mindless copying turn into real frills, doubled in heterotopy as a form of intensive space production, its lability, deformations, semantic shifts, and movements. The production of space is carried out in the imagination with the help of fantasy, which turns into a chain of bizarre combinations, grotesque, and mirror images.The time-and-space created by H. Kvitka-Osnovyanenko is built on a series of movements through the imperial spaces, the mechanistic movement of cursed poses and gestures, petrified bodies, machines, dolls, and puppets instead of people. At the same time, the semanticization of space is related to subjective intentions and the narrator’s inner world. It is an inverted, critically rethought model of the phenomenological space charged with human qualities, feelings, and emotions described by Gaston Bachelard. Its application to the cultural realities of the first half of the 19th century allows us to adequately analyze Gallomania, which was very characteristic of the empire, and fashion for all French, frills, and blind imitation of foreign culture. The correlation of this behaviour with cultural precedent and the reading of the characters’ voyages as rhetorical figures of allegorical language is shown. Textual reading of spatial reincarnations determines their transgressive nature, going beyond their borders and expansion, which causes the crisis nature of heterotopia without geographical boundaries.The Ukrainian novelist offers his interpretation of the concepts of educational culture, in particular the utopias of psycho-automated machines, the mechanisms that appear as allegories of people and their predictable behaviour. The parody effect is enhanced by a stringing of inconsistencies in form and content and spaces of action and imagination and by polemics with the imperial travelogue, especially the representatives most oppositional to H. Kvitka-Osnovyanenko. However, this anticolonial flow is aimed to solve genre problems at the level of allegory, spatial turn, and rethinking the binary and ternary models of culture.

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Arthur, Paul Longley. "Capturing the antipodes: Imaginary voyages and the romantic imagination". Journal of Australian Studies 25, n.º 67 (janeiro de 2001): 186–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14443050109387652.

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Campbell, Mary Baine, e David Fausett. "Writing the New World: Imaginary Voyages and Utopias of the Great Southern Land." American Historical Review 100, n.º 4 (outubro de 1995): 1283. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2168290.

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Smallman, Melanie. "‘Nothing to do with the science’: How an elite sociotechnical imaginary cements policy resistance to public perspectives on science and technology through the machinery of government". Social Studies of Science 50, n.º 4 (11 de outubro de 2019): 589–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306312719879768.

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That policymakers adopt technoscientific viewpoints and lack reflexivity is a common criticism of scientific decision-making, particularly in response to moves to democratize science. Drawing on interviews with UK-based national policymakers, I argue that an elite sociotechnical imaginary of ‘science to the rescue’ shapes how public perspectives are heard and distinguishes what is considered to be legitimate expertise. The machinery of policy-making has become shaped around this imaginary – particularly its focus on science as a problem-solver and on social and ethical issues as ‘nothing to do with the science’ – and this gives this viewpoint its power, persistence and endurance. With this imaginary at the heart of policy-making machinery, regardless of the perspectives of the policymakers, alternative views of science are either forced to take the form of the elite imaginary in order to be processed, or they simply cannot be accounted for within the policy-making processes. In this way, the elite sociotechnical imaginary (and technoscientific viewpoint) is enacted, but also elicited and perpetuated, without the need for policymakers to engage with or even be aware of the imaginary underpinning their actions.

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León, Angelo, e Fernanda Badilla. "After Hegel: A postmodern genealogy of historical fiction". Filozofija i drustvo 35, n.º 2 (2024): 299–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid2402299n.

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In this article, we analyze a possible form of the relationship between modernity and postmodernity by examining the transformation of the place of enunciation of criticism as a philosophical narrative and using it as a historical and philosophical criterion. To achieve this, we first focus on key moments in the critical discourse of modernity, and then analyze the role of Kantian criticism in the formation of a postmodern imaginary associated with the notions of useful fiction and linguistification. Finally, from a Hegelian perspective, we consider the validity of the idea of universal history and its connections to emancipatory narratives.

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Kalewska, Anna. "As traduções d´Os Lusíadas na Polónia ou a revisitação de Camões entre «os Sármatas» e «os Polónios» (questões históricas, culturais e sócio-políticas)". e-Letras com Vida: Revista de Estudos Globais — Humanidades, Ciências e Artes 02 (2019): 27–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.53943/elcv.0119_04.

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The epic poem Os Lusíadas (1572), by Luís Vaz de Camões, generated copies, imitations and translations, in between them the first Polish translation: Luzyada by Jacek Idzi Przybylski (Craccow, 1790). The poem has the power of to raise cultural, social and political questions, becoming the starting point for various theses in different epochs. The work of Camões is a pretext for a meditation about Poland’s past in the epoch of Romanticism and today. Camões invites us for an imaginary journey to the Christian rampart of the East, telling not only what had happened in the epoch of the Discoveries, but also what might have happened in the Easter Europe cultural space open for an imaginary journey coursing various methodological perspectives: history, literature, literary criticism, history of ideas and traductology.

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Kleinod-Freudenberg, Michael, e Sypha Chanthavong. "Spirits with Morality: Social Criticism and Notions of a Good Life in Laos through the Bangbot Imaginary". positions 32, n.º 1 (28 de novembro de 2023): 191–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10679847-10890049.

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Abstract This article approaches notions of a good life in Laos via the imaginary of the bangbot (literally: “hidden in the shade,” i.e., “invisible”), a benevolent forest spirit of high moral integrity. The bangbot live in observance of the monastic precepts of Lao Buddhism deep in the jungle, far from human settlements, tying morality to undisturbed, remote forests. The article argues that this connection of morality with deep forest enables criticism and narratives about the good life at a time when “turning land into capital” is materializing in rapid deforestation. We suggest that the potential of this imaginary for socioecological criticism and alternative visions depends on social structure and historical context. While bangbot were instrumental in violent anti-colonial revolt, lending political legitimacy to rural ethnic elites, in today's context of frontier plunder vs. conservation, they are tamed to lend legitimacy to emerging urban milieus with a socioecological orientation. Thus the cultural, sociological, and ecological dynamics of Lao's late socialism are entangled in the spirit-figure of the bangbot.

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Hohlweck, Patrick. "Vorbehalt". Internationales Archiv für Sozialgeschichte der deutschen Literatur 47, n.º 1 (1 de junho de 2022): 191–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iasl-2022-0011.

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Abstract The essay draws out a conversation between Louis Althusser’s theory of ideology and his often-misunderstood notion of »symptomatic reading.« This conversation is staged by examining three pillars of Althusser’s theoretical intervention: the problem of humanism, Spinoza’s materialism of the imaginary, and Spinoza’s Biblical criticism. In doing so, the essay identifies a temporal logic of retention in the Spinozism of Althusser and the Althusser school, the productivity of which for a renewed, praxeologically informed materialist theory of reading is finally discussed.

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Niezen, Ronald. "Digital Identity: The Construction of Virtual Selfhood in the Indigenous Peoples' Movement". Comparative Studies in Society and History 47, n.º 3 (julho de 2005): 532–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417505000241.

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Inventions have their greatest impact when they go beyond their possible practical applications and act upon the imagination. When Martin Behaim invented the first globe in 1490, a functionally useless object consisting mostly of terra incognita, he was widely ridiculed; but somehow the ideas that his globe represented stuck, and within a few decades the basic validity of his construction was confirmed by the voyages of Columbus, Cabot, Vasco de Gama, Magellan, and others. Today, with efforts to situate the rapid growth of information and communication technologies (ICTs), especially the Internet, in the context of globalization, there is a similar division between those who dismiss it as being of no importance and those who see in it a looming (for good or ill) global revolution. But, as with Behaim's globe, the imaginary possibilities of these innovations are important in determining how and to what extent human existence is to be transformed by them.

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Gelder, Ken. "When the imaginary Australian is not uncanny: Nation, psyche and belonging in recent Australian cultural criticism and history". Journal of Australian Studies 29, n.º 86 (janeiro de 2005): 161–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14443050509388042.

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Blake, C. Fred. "Lampooning the Paper Money Custom in Contemporary China". Journal of Asian Studies 70, n.º 2 (maio de 2011): 449–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911811000076.

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Over the past millennium and across the length and breadth of China and beyond, people have been burning paper replicas of the material world to send to their deceased family members, ancestors, and myriads of imaginary beings. The paper replicas, which include all types of goods and treasures, mostly old and new forms of money, is commonly referred to as the paper money custom. Studies of the paper money custom have neglected the native opposition to it, especially that of the contemporary intelligentsia, one form of which consists of news reports and human interest stories in the popular press that lampoon the practice of burning paper money. Many stories lampoon the paper money custom by showing how it burlesques traditional virtues such as filial piety. One of the interesting maneuvers in this criticism is how it employs the old and newer kinds of paper monies to shape the response of the readers.

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Whitehall, Deborah. "Three Wartime Textbooks of International Law". Journal of the History of International Law / Revue d’histoire du droit international 22, n.º 2-3 (21 de outubro de 2020): 385–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718050-12340156.

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Abstract Three wartime textbooks of international law published and then reissued by Hersch Lauterpacht, James Brierly and Georges Scelle between 1940 and 1945 present a collective argument against the politics of war by analysing the design flaws of interwar international law. Though the criticism was not new, its repetition in textbooks during war highlights the strategic significance of using basic principles to defend the pacifistic function of international law when lawlessness reigned the global imaginary. The textbook genre became an unexpected, critical field which enlivened when its first readers found the past of international law in their present, conditioned by crisis. There, against the scene of first reading and writing, the texts became counter texts which side-stepped diplomatic controversy to critically examine the reasons for the breakdown of order and remind internationalists about the continuity of law despite war, the political limits on legal function, and the tasks for their diligent, expert attention.

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SHTEINBUK, Feliks. "PROSPECTIVITY OF FINALIZATION IN SERHIY ZHADAN’S NOVEL THE ORPHANAGE". Ezikov Svyat volume 22 issue 1, ezs.swu.v22i1 (23 de fevereiro de 2024): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v22i1.13.

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The article is devoted to Serhiy Zhadan’s novel The Orphanage, which is considered by modern criticism mainly from a socio-political and ethical perspective because of the theme of war as the final crisis of a long complex history. The purpose of the research is to propose an interpretation of Zhadan’s novel The Orphanage based on the principles of hermeneutic and comparative-typological methods, as well as applying elements of narrative analysis taking into account the artistic potential of a finalization phenomenon. As a result, the prospective nature of finalization is justified and the appropriate typology of this poetic phenomenon is singled out. According to the actual version, the typology consists of four types, namely, extra plot-spatial, oneiric-imaginary, eidetic, and narrative ones. These types correlate with each other, hence, a whole poetic block emerges, which actualizes the new meanings presented in the work, and deepens the content of the novel’s loci communes. In particular, the listing of three days in the titles of the novel’s chapters indicates a real continuation of the list. Moreover, the title of the novel against such a background expresses its ontological content, which is additionally underscored by oneiric-imaginary pictures and the eidetic way of representing these images; instead, the diegetic shift due to the change of narrators returns the novel narrative from the level of ontological-existential symbolism to the level of personal formation of the novel subject.

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McCusker, Maeve. "The ‘Unhomely’ White Women of Antillean Writing". Paragraph 37, n.º 2 (julho de 2014): 273–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/para.2014.0126.

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While the field known as ‘Whiteness Studies’ has been thriving in Anglophone criticism and theory for over 25 years, it is almost unknown in France. This is partly due to epistemological and political differences, but also to demographic factors — in contrast with the post-plantation culture of the US, for example, whites in Martinique and Guadeloupe are a tiny minority of small island populations. Yet ‘whiteness’ remains a phantasized and a fetishized state in the Antillean imaginary, and is strongly inflected by gender. This article sketches the emergence of ‘white’ femininity during slavery, then examines its representation in the work of a number of major Antillean writers (Condé, Placoly, Confiant, Chamoiseau). In their work, a cluster of recurring images and leitmotifs convey the idealization or, more commonly, the pathologization, of the white woman; these images resonate strongly with Bhabha's ‘unhomely’, and convey the disturbing imbrication of sex and race in Antillean history.

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Boesky, Amy. "David Fausett. Writing the New World- Imaginary Voyages and Utopias of the Great Southern Land. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1993. 237 pp. $42.50 cloth; $17.95 paper." Renaissance Quarterly 50, n.º 2 (1997): 581–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3039191.

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Kasbayeva, G. S. "World heritage in Abay Kunanbayev’s works as the core of Kazakh spirituality". BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Historical sciences. Philosophy. Religion Series 132, n.º 3 (2020): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7255-2020-132-3-6-13.

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Over the years, the spiritual heritage of the great Abai Kunanbayev has been studied in terms of various aspects of socio-humanitarian science, such as linguistics, literary criticism, philosophy, history, psychology, sociology, etc. This article reflects the creative intentions of the thinker, who raised the spiritual potential of the Kazakh people to the world level, as well as the influence of European and Russian culture on Abai’s work. In Hakim Abai’s works, the problems of the national life of the Kazakhs, their worldview, character, religion, mentality, language and spirituality are raised, which are an invaluable heritage for the modern younger generation. As we know that in Abai’s studies, the main object is a person, i.e. personality who is perfect and worthy of respect. The scientist-thinker deeply impressed by aesthetic, ethical preferences, dreams, the meaning of life, feelings and intuition, the peculiarities of being and thinking of his imaginary image of a perfect Kazakh. Abai’s poems are rich in philosophical reflections and patriotic appeals. He found inspiration in Kazakh folklore and preached ideas and images of national heroes. Furthermore, the article represents the connection between the achievements of Abai’s poetic heritage and its creative potential in general.

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Dzhulay, Yurij. "Late Wittgenstein by C. Geertz: ‘Thick Description’ as Anthropological Concept and Anthropologist’s Home Dwelling". NaUKMA Research Papers. History and Theory of Culture 6 (21 de junho de 2023): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18523/2617-8907.2023.6.7-14.

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С. Geertz’s paying attention to the fact that late Wittgenstein’s network of concepts and images was always a guide for perfecting expression of his ideas. This allowed for exploring, in a new way, the sign of understanding an alien culture through returning to a man a feeling of friction under their feet. This mage of connecting to the everyday life of an alien culture has led C. Geertz to creating images of ethnographer’s everyday life in a “thick description” against a background of vivid images of “living a literary criticism” described by R. Wellek and A. Warren.With the very background of contemporary criticism’s expressive motives of excluding the studies in history of literature, which risked turning critics into antiquarians, and an imagined student’s cunning suggestion on accepting cryptographer’s operations as an equivalent of recognizing alien types of symbolic writing in a poet’s imagination, C. Geertz created an image of an ethnographer’s daily life in a form of “thick description.” This implies a non-mirrored similarity to reading a manuscript and criticizes the attempts to replace the interpretation of cultures to deсoding.C. Geertz’s appeal to K. Burke’s summing up of an ideal model of the strategy of transforming a literary description of an imaginary event into a description of the imaginary actions of the participants of this event under the name ‘Bovary’ emphasized the presence of only really existing events and actions in the descriptions of the old time cultures.However, C. Geertz’s appeal to S. Langer’s description of the influence of the “grande idée” on the development of sciences provoked the appearance of the most extensive description of the features of the presence of “rich description” in theoretical generalizations, which also contained instructions for protection against the seduction of “rich description” by ideas of this kind.

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Anita, Anita. "Kajian Kajian Historis Novel Perawan Remaja Dalam Cengkeraman Militer Karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer". Santhet: (Jurnal Sejarah, Pendidikan, dan Humaniora) 6, n.º 1 (6 de abril de 2022): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.36526/santhet.v6i1.1886.

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The problems examined in this study are: 1) how is the history of Indonesian women's lives in the Novel Virgin Adolescents in the Grip of the Military? The purpose of this research is to find out the lives of Indonesian women in the novel of the virgin teenager in the military grip. historical research methods (Historical Methods). The steps in historical method research include: heuristics, verification (source criticism), interpretation and historiography. The source of the data used is the Novel Adolescent Virgins in the Cengkaran of the Military: Records of the island of Buru by Pramoedya Ananta Toer. The results showed that Japanese propaganda in the promise to educate the Indonesian generation so that they could devote themselves to independence, the promise to send Indonesian teenage virgins to Tokyo and Shonanto which was never officially announced, especially not listed in the Osamu Serei (State Gazette), resulted in many parents giving up girls to leave their hometowns and families to take dangerous voyages, some even not of their own volition but because of their parents' fear of the Japanese threat. Selecting young virgins to fulfill the sex dreams of Japanese soldiers, some even dying in agony, never got the chance to learn as promised. The suffering they experienced was varied and really shook the feelings of humanity. Not a few teenage virgins who become exiles in the interior of the island of Buru and find it difficult to return to old age.

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Tyapin, Igor N. "The History and Fate of Patriotic Westernism in Russia: from Peter the Great to Peter Stolypin (in the Context of Modernity". Almanac “Essays on Conservatism” 3 (30 de julho de 2022): 265–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24030/24092517-2022-0-3-265-275.

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The phenomenon of patriotic Westernism arose as a consequence of the need to resolve the contradiction between the inorganic Eurocentric modernization and the cultural and historical foundation of the civilizational identity of Russia, forming and evolving during the 18th – early 20th century. Patriotic Westernism developed as a reaction to criticism from national thought, without completely losing ideological connection with Russophobic/foreign Westernism. In the golden age of the Russian Empire, patriotic Westernism gradually became, at the level of the key theses, the semi-official worldview of both a significant part of the intelligentsia (both liberal, liberal-conservative and revolutionary) and the state authorities. The presence of utopian and inconsistent ideas against the background of the formation of (albeit slow) national-patriotic consciousness led to a wide spread of mimicry within Russophobic Westernism under the patriotic current, so that the identification of a number of representatives of Westernism who appealed to patriotism along the line of “authenticity – imaginary / quasi-patriotism” as not always possible. Adherence to the dogmatic ideas regarding the embryonicity of Russian society, originality as backwardness, invariably led to the fact that patriotic Westernism could give a short-term positive effect, followed by a long-term negative one. The crisis of the paradigm model of patriotic Westernism, which has unfolded in recent times under the influence of the complex of internal and external factors, now deprives it of serious prospects as ideology and practice of Russian national-state construction.

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Kodirov, A. T. "Teaching professionally oriented art history discourse in classes of Russian as a foreign language". Vektor nauki Tol'yattinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya Pedagogika i psihologiya, n.º 2 (2023): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18323/2221-5662-2023-2-23-29.

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At the current level of development of the methodology of teaching Russian as a foreign language for special purposes, insufficient attention is paid to the professionally oriented teaching, which allows modeling imaginary professional situations of communication and forming the skills necessary for real professional communication. The problem is especially noticeable in teaching creative disciplines (including art criticism) where thematic discourse plays an important role. The paper describes an experiment of teaching art history discourse to Uzbek students in the Russian language classes. A model for studying art history discourse was experimentally introduced into practice of teaching Russian as a foreign language at the level of professional communication. The purpose of the study was to develop a technology for teaching art history discourse based on professionally oriented authentic texts in classes of Russian as a foreign language for future specialists in art. The experiment was described in detail with the allocation of experimental and control groups. The experimental group studied the language for professional purposes with the use of the teaching materials developed by the university professors. Most of the tasks of the training package are based on the information from the website of the Belgorod State Art Museum, which updates the educational material and implements the principle of professional orientation of education. The control group followed the traditional program of Russian as a foreign language for future artists. Upon completion of the experimental training, both groups had to do a creative task. Further assessment of the task demonstrated the effectiveness of the use of authentic art history texts and creative tasks in teaching the Russian language for professional purposes to Uzbek students. The study revealed that the students of the experimental group made greater progress compared to the control group in developing such a professional skill as “following art history strategies when creating a text”.

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Mundeja, Ruchi. "‘Always half-and-half’: ‘Voyage in’ as halfness in Jean Rhys’s short fiction". Short Fiction in Theory & Practice 13, n.º 1 (1 de março de 2023): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/fict_00073_1.

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From the initial years when criticism on the writer Jean Rhys largely circled around Wide Sargasso Sea to an interest in her other novels growing since then, Rhys’s short stories have evoked comparatively scant critical interest. Yet the thematic concerns in her short stories contribute as vitally to the writer’s continuing close scrutiny of coloniality as her novels do. In this article, it is the criss-cross traffic of imperialist voyages that is looked at through Rhys’s short stories. The thematics of contamination, bastardization and halfness that these stories probe complicate more utopian theorizations of cosmopolitanization. The voyage into the imperial capital is inseparable from the experience of creolized, stigmatized, ‘halfness’ in Rhys’s corpus and that makes for a contestatory understanding of the polyphony often ascribed to these increasingly porous cityscapes. This article looks at two stories from the writer, ‘Overture and Beginners Please’ and ‘On Not Shooting Sitting Birds’, both foregrounding the ex-centric position of the women protagonists who are specifically tied to a Caribbean background, to suggest how Rhys’s work haunts that writing of the trope of voyaging whereby the brutal abrasions of colonial history are retrospectively subsumed into the more pluralistic folds of hybridity. In these stories, the journey into the imperial metropolis sets up a probe into the limits and blindspots of cosmopolitan Europe in the early to mid-twentieth century. Rhys’s short fiction spectrally interrupts the modernist narrative of aesthetic border-crossings to tell another, more experiential, one, where boundary crossing is a haunted experience from the point of view of those voyaging in.

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Samman, Maram M. "Crossing Canadian Cultural Borders: A study of the Aboriginal/White Stereotypical Relations in George Ryga's The Ecstasy of Rita Joe". International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 7, n.º 1 (15 de dezembro de 2017): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.7n.1p.92.

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This paper traces the intercultural journey of a young Aboriginal girl into the hegemonic white society. Rita Joe crossed the imaginary border that separates her reserve from the other Canadian society living in the urban developed city. Through this play, George Ryga aims at achieving liberation and social equality for the Aboriginals who are considered a colonized minority in their land. The research illustrates how Ryga represented his personal version of the colonial Aboriginal history to provide an empowering body narrative that supports their identity in the present and resists the erosion of their culture and tradition. The play makes very strong statements to preserve the family, history and local heritage against this forced assimilation. It tells the truth as its playwright saw it. The play is about the trail of Rita Joe after she moved from her reserve in pursuit of the illusion of the city where she thought she would find freedom and social equality. In fact the audience and the readers are all on trial. Ryga is pointing fingers at everyone who is responsible for the plights of the Aboriginals as it is clear in the play. He questions the Whites’ stereotypical stand against the Aboriginals. The play is a direct criticism of the political, social and cultural systems in Canada. The paper reveals Aboriginals' acts of opposition to racism, assimilation and colonization as represented in The Ecstasy of Rita Joe.

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Khubrikov, B. O. "Politics of History in China: Constructing the Past, Imaging the Future". Journal of International Analytics 13, n.º 3 (30 de setembro de 2022): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2587-8476-2022-13-3-145-156.

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The article discusses the dynamics and prospects for the development of the historical politics of the PRC at the present stage. The present study attempts to identify two key components of the PRC’s historical politics that define the framework for remembrance in China. The reference points of the study are Chinese interpretations of what should be forgotten or reformatted, as well as the Chinese leadership’s policy of imagining the future. The article is based on the “Resolution on the Major Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party over the Past Century” adopted by the 6th Plenum of the 19th CPC Central Committee, collections of Xi Jinping’s public speeches. In theoretical terms, it relies on the studies of historical politics by A. Assman, A.I. Miller, E. Wolfrum, O.Yu. Malinova. The study demonstrated how the CCP becomes the only mnemonic actor writing its own history. In the first part of the article, forms of “forgetfulness” are considered, behind which there are very different methods, actions and strategies. The second part analyzes the narrative of building the future, expressed in the concepts of “Xiaokang (moderately prosperous society)” and “accelerated promotion of socialist modernization” circulating in Chinese documents as the goal of “two centuries”. In the course of the study, we found that it is in the interests of the CCP, led by Xi Jinping, to present the history of the PRC teleologically, in which the events of the past anticipate the victorious march of the CCP in the history of China. It is for this reason that the main instruments of the historical policy of the PRC are various techniques of oblivion: rewriting, erasing, silence. However, in parallel with the historical policy aimed at the past, the Chinese leadership is also working on images of an imaginary future. Thus, the main goal of China’s historical policy at the present stage is the construction of a single, monolithic, homogeneous story about the past, present and future of the PRC, in which there is no place for discrepancies, criticism and historical nihilism.

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Mitchell, Christopher Joseph. "Latina Performance: Traversing the Stage, and: Latin American Women Dramatists, and: Critical Acts: Latin American Women and Cultural Criticism, and: The Decolonial Imaginary: Writing Chicanas into History (review)". NWSA Journal 13, n.º 2 (2001): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nwsa.2001.0045.

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Grmusa, Lovorka Gruic. "“Cinematic” Gravity’s Rainbow: Indiscernibility of the Actual and the Virtual". Open Cultural Studies 1, n.º 1 (27 de novembro de 2017): 257–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/culture-2017-0023.

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Abstract Acknowledging that all media interpenetrate without any one being privileged as original, this paper focuses on the influence and omnipresence of screen technologies, cinematography in particular, asserting its capacities to act as a dominant technological and cultural force, which surveys and controls the economy, affects human consciousness, and implements its own ideologically tainted reality. More specifically, the analysis demonstrates the impact of cinematography within Thomas Pynchon’s Gravity’s Rainbow, emphasizing intermedial reflexivity from screen to paper, its unfolding and animation, representations and mutations, but also the notion that virtuality dominates actuality (Virilio, The Vision 63), or, in Deleuze’s terms, the two coalesce within the crystal-image, for the real and the imaginary, the actual and the virtual, although distinct, are indiscernible (Deleuze, Cinema 2 68-69). The study is grounded in Paul Virilio’s theoretical framework and his criticism of the colonization of the real by the virtual, and in Gilles Deleuze’s account on cinematic taxonomy and how cinematography partakes in the emergence of a new notion of reality and history. By appropriating, repurposing, and reshaping the techniques, forms, and contents of cinematography, and at the same time being critical of its effects, Pynchon uses paper surface for transition of his ideas, validating the repercussions of intermediation as a cultural force and unveiling literature’s performativity, its ability to shelter/entertain the “cinematic,” which in turn revolutionizes and animates fiction.

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Jensen, Troels Mygind, Nicklas Freisleben Lund, Stine Grønbæk Jensen, Anne Hagen Berg, Anne Marie Mai, Klaus Petersen, Kaare Christensen, Jacob Krabbe Pedersen, Jens Søndergaard e Peter Simonsen. "The Literary Old Age at the Intersection of Medical Practice and Public Health—A Cross-Disciplinary Reading of Ane Riel’s Clockwork". Journal of Ageing and Longevity 3, n.º 2 (9 de maio de 2023): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jal3020012.

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Recent decades have witnessed the coming of age of ‘literary gerontology’, a discipline situated at the intersection of literary studies and gerontology. A key argument of this research is that literature and literary criticism can highlight the complexities and ambiguities of age, ageing and later life. As such, the discipline insists on the relevance of literature within the field of gerontology. This study explores this claim from an interdisciplinary perspective and presents the key findings of an exploratory collaboration between researchers representing literature studies, anthropology, history, public health and medicine. The members of the research team took part in a joint reading, analysis and discussion of Danish author Ane Riel’s novel, Clockwork, which depicts an ageing protagonist’s reconcilement with old age and death. These efforts resulted in dual dimensions of insight: a realistic dimension, which may be interpreted as a confirmation of the existing knowledge of ageing and wellbeing, characterized by physical and cognitive challenges; and an imaginary dimension, a type of knowledge distilled in the interaction between the reader and the literary work. The reader can be seen to be tasked with identifying with the protagonist, with this process providing a hitherto unknown perspective on how ageing is experienced, how it feels and what it means. The study exemplifies an approach fostering cross-disciplinary inspiration, which may stimulate novel research hypotheses and ultimately inform public health thinking and medical practice.

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Gye, Joengmeen. "Topography of Black Detective Fiction: Focusing on Himes’ Harlem Cycle". British and American Language and Literature Association of Korea 150 (30 de setembro de 2023): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21297/ballak.2023.150.1.

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Chester Himes’ Harlem Cycle, the series of black detective fiction comprising nine novels, made him one of the most prominent black detective fiction writers in the U. S. His representation of Harlem in the series, however, has been criticized as a sensational and unreal geography distorted for a popular market. This paper intends to verify the validity of the criticism regarding Himes’s representation of Harlem. Examining the history of residential segregation by race in the U. S. cities and the resulting condition of Black residential areas, this paper proves that his representation of Harlem does not create a landscape of imaginary Harlem but provides a realistic record of Harlem. It further argues that Harlem Cycle is not written for commercial purpose but for exposing the racism in the housing policies of the U. S. government and accusing the greed of white capitalists in the urban renewal projects. In the later novels of Harlem Cycle, Himes’ representation of Harlem transforms from an internal colony of whites to the site of Black riots. Sick and tired of racial segregation and exploitative redevelopment, Black people in Harlem begin a fierce struggle. Moving from an area of poverty and crime to a war zone in representing Harlem, Himes warns against the possible future of the violent clash between Blacks and the ruling whites.

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Wang, Yuanfei. "Java in Discord". positions: asia critique 27, n.º 4 (1 de novembro de 2019): 623–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10679847-7726916.

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In the late sixteenth century, thriving private maritime trade brought forth maritime trouble to the late Ming state. In times of rampant “Japanese” piracy and Hideyoshi’s invasion of Korea, Chinese literati composed unofficial histories and vernacular fiction on China’s foreign relations. Among them, Yan Congjian 嚴從簡 wrote Shuyu zhouzi lu 殊域周咨錄 (Records of Surrounding Strange Realms) (1574), He Qiaoyuan 何喬遠 compiled Wang Xiangji 王享記 (Records of the Emperors’ Tributes) (1597–1620), Luo Yuejiong 羅曰褧 penned Xianbin lu 咸賓錄 (Records of Tributary Guests) (1597), and Luo Maodeng 羅懋登 composed a vernacular novel Sanbao taijian xiyangji tongsu yanyi 三寶太監西洋記通俗演義 (Vernacular Romance of Eunuch Sanbao’s Voyages on the Indian Ocean) (1598). This article examines how the imminent maritime realities reminded the late Ming authors of one cross-border war and two genocides in Java and Sanfoqi during Yuan and early and mid-Ming times. These transgressions that violated Chinese official tributary order became memorable and made Sino-Java relations a definite point of comparison for the late Ming maritime piracy problems. This article argues that the cultural memory of Sino-Java military and diplomatic exchange enabled the authors to lament and condemn the executed pirates Wang Zhi and Chen Zuyi. The four authors imbue their narratives with personal anxieties and nationalistic sentiments. While the historical narratives tend to moralize and idealize China’s tributary world order, the vernacular fiction paints a more realistic picture of the late Ming state by involving heterogeneous voices of the “other.” Collectively, the four narratives represent various images of the Ming Empire, revealing the authors’ deep apprehension of the Mings’ identity, their political criticism of the state, and their divergent and even self-conflicted views toward maritime commerce, immigrants, and people of different races.

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McGrath, Alister. "Natural Philosophy: On Retrieving a Lost Disciplinary Imaginary". Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 75, n.º 2 (setembro de 2023): 139–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.56315/pscf9-23mcgrath.

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NATURAL PHILOSOPHY: On Retrieving a Lost Disciplinary Imaginary by Alister McGrath. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2023. 256 pages. Hardcover; $39.95. ISBN: 9780192865731. *In this book, Alister McGrath provides an intellectual history and critique of what is now referred to as natural science, as well as a proposed re-conception of science going forward. The modern conception of science has its roots in something much older, referred to in the premodern world as "natural philosophy," and this older conception--McGrath argues--is one which was both richer and much more integrated with the rest of knowledge than is natural philosophy's contemporary stepchild, "science." The book has two parts. In Part 1, McGrath successfully labors to give an accessible introduction to the historical conception and development of natural philosophy and its trajectory/transformation towards contemporary "science," followed in Part 2 by a proposed direction out of the predicament which he and others see modern/postmodern science to be in. *In Part 1, over the course of five chapters, McGrath first lays out this history. In chapter one, he starts with natural philosophy as an intellectual enterprise finding its origins in the pre-Christian Greeks via Aristotle. In chapter 2, McGrath outlines how natural philosophy then underwent significant development and enrichment through what McGrath calls the "consolidation" of natural philosophy up through the high Middle Ages. On this scheme, a study of the natural world was guided first and foremost by a reverence for God, and an impulse to find the operations of the natural world as understood and explained by principles which were consistent with what God has revealed through both scripture and the church. Natural philosophy was therefore seen as but one chapter of a much larger story, in which understanding this story could be had only if one's heart were grounded in religious piety and one's intellect governed by proper theology (as handed down by church hierarchs). *Chapters 3 through 5 outline the ways through which natural philosophy underwent fundamental metamorphosis for the worse. In stages brought about by the sociological effects of the Copernican revolution, the Protestant Reformation, the scientific revolution, the Enlightenment, and finally the Darwinian revolution, natural philosophy became disenchanted and dis-integrated from the cohesive place it once held as part of a totalizing theological-cosmological worldview of the premoderns; it devolved into a dis-integrated, compartmentalized, and fragmented version of itself, as evidenced by the ever increasing creation of new "subdisciplines" of modern science, which are all largely closed off from one another and which do not enjoy any kind of real synthesis as the premodern intellectual enterprises once did. This modern endeavor, furthermore, seems to be more concerned about extending human's domination over nature (technē) than it is about truly understanding (episteme) the world that God created. Thus, devoid of a "disciplinary imaginary" which serves as an organizing principle, the study of natural philosophy has become a shell of what it once was. This shell is the "science" that we speak of and study today. *In Part 2, McGrath spends the last five chapters of the book offering scientists and philosophers of science a proposed way forward, a way which might recover at least some of the integration and richness that natural philosophy once enjoyed. He does this by employing a heuristic that comes from Karl Popper's conception of what Popper called the "three worlds," which Popper saw as distinct but related "realms" that encompass the scope of what can be known. On this scheme, the first world is that of objectivity or mind-independent objects, the world of "physical objects or physical states." The second world is that of person or mind-dependent entities--the world of subjectivity, such as emotion, affect, and aesthetic value. The third world is one that acts as a sort of bridge between the first two, one which contains "human intellectual constructions and artefacts" such as scientific theories, moral values, and social constructions. McGrath points out that Popper's own development of this idea is not "entirely satisfactory" (p. 129), and McGrath proceeds to build his own conception using this framework of the "three worlds" as a heuristic tool, borrowing from Popper little else other than the basic idea itself. *McGrath begins his proposed "disciplinary imaginary" with an outline that builds from this third world, the world of theoria. This is the world of mental models and theories which serve to represent and organize bodies of data and evidence. For example, McGrath cites Dmitri Mendeleev's Periodic Table of the Elements. With this kind of organization in view, a certain "beauty" and "coherency" emerges, a kind of simple elegance that can inspire both (subjective) awe and enable further scientific (objective) investigation. It is in fact through these mentally constructed theories that we "see" and make sense of the external world, and these "imaginaries" should aim to engage both the intellect and the affect. *In chapter 8, McGrath visits the "first world" of objectivity, with the primary concern to show that, since humans are part of the very cosmos that objective science seeks to explain, there are inherent limits to the reach of a detached, person-neutral, objectivity. McGrath seeks to safeguard against a totalizing scientific reductionism by pointing out that a new natural philosophy will recognize that there are several aspects or layers of meaning to any given object of inquiry, and one needs to consider them all to get behind what's really there. He posits neo-Confucianism as one potential example of this kind of engagement with the external world. *Chapter 9 is about the importance of subjective experience, where McGrath seeks to show how aesthetic value and affective engagement are more than arbitrary states of mind. Instead, they often reflect true and proper responses to a world that really is pregnant with "beauty and wonder." McGrath then wraps up the book by surveying what he has done and emphasizing the need for a retrieval of natural philosophy, a retrieval that can be enabled through a newfound imaginary or imaginaries. *I will offer two points of praise and two points of criticism. First, McGrath's keen ability to clearly explicate a very complex subject is on full display in this book. McGrath covers an impressive amount of historical ground in the first half of the book in a surprisingly small space (about a hundred pages), complete with explanatory and exploratory footnotes which enable the reader to delve deeper into subtopics. In this way, and like McGrath's many other monographs, the volume is worthwhile if for no other reason than that it acts as a sort of brief yet rich handbook to the subject at hand. Secondly, McGrath's effort is worth considerable praise because he not only seeks to give an intellectual history and critique of the modern epistemic predicament concerning science, but he also delivers up a thought-provoking proposal on what can be done to begin to address the problem. His re-conception of Popper's "three worlds" model is, I think, worthy of serious consideration. The broader point, however, is that McGrath is unafraid to wield both a critical acumen and a hopeful positivity regarding this issue, and such constructive attitude from a mind like his is welcome. *On the other hand, in Part 1, McGrath ends his historical survey and critique of natural science with the nineteenth-century secular Darwinists. It is, in fact quite arguably, the horrors and figures of the twentieth century which serve to hammer home the point concerning the consequences of abandoning the disciplinary imaginary for an elevation of (fragmented) scientific knowledge and scientific goals above most everything else. Thus, the first five chapters could have served as a setup for a polemical slam-dunk, but without this survey of the twentieth-century consequences, Part 1 left me with the feeling that McGrath proceeded a bit too prematurely. *Secondly, in Part 2, the way in which McGrath approaches the problem of modern science and his laying out a potential solution gives the impression that he views the issue, fundamentally, as an intellectual one. Is it perhaps more likely, as C. S. Lewis believed, that the problems which plague the modern scientific establishment (including the epistemological problems that stem from fragmentation) are fundamentally moral, not intellectual (see The Abolition of Man)? On this idea, civilization requires first and foremost a turn back toward God, in repentance. Only then can our institutions--knowledge producing and otherwise--begin to function properly. Moreover, given that our current state of scientific and technological advancement has far outstripped our moral scruples, one is left wondering what a scientific establishment could be capable of with the wrong (morally speaking), yet effective, disciplinary imaginary in place. The lesson from the biblical story of the Tower of Babel comes to mind, where an unprecedented attempt at evil was made possible only because corrupt humanity enjoyed a cohesive and integrated knowledge base, and the subsequent fragmentation of knowledge through the dispersion of languages acted not only as a divine judgment, but also as a paternal guardrail. *In all, nevertheless, McGrath's contribution to the topic is a timely and welcome addition, one which is sophisticated while remaining accessible, critical while remaining constructive. It is well worth picking up. *Reviewed by Alexander Fogassy, DPhil Candidate, Oriel College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK OX1 4EW.

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Minsky, Amir. "Home Is Where the Heart Is: The Rise of Emotional Spaces in the German Late Enlightenment". Eighteenth-Century Life 45, n.º 3 (1 de setembro de 2021): 88–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00982601-9273013.

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The emergent political arena of the late eighteenth century, and the literary one that preceded it, were claimed to be based upon a functional dichotomy between a private sphere of emotive ties and associations, and a “public sphere” of rational criticism (Habermas, 1962). This categorical distinction, however, scantily registered the emergence of a corollary affective economy in this period, which redefined social, political, and physical spaces according to their emotional content, or lack thereof. This article focuses on the rise of emotional language, its spatial configurations, and its dissemination during the late German Enlightenment in three thematic contexts: the “popular Enlightenment” (Volksaufklärung) and its emphasis on the enhancement of literacy among the lower classes to achieve emotional refinement; the visual representation of domestic emotional scenarios in the context of the Franco-German cultural exchange surrounding the French Revolution; and the emergence of “homeland” (Heimat) as an increasingly ubiquitous emotion-bound metaphor in the nationalization of space toward the century's end. These contexts reveal major shifts in the cultural dynamics of space and emotion in this period: first, the reaffirmation of emotion as a culturally viable interpretive mode, set against earlier concerted attempts to suppress or control it; second, the osmosis between private and public that enabled emotional protocols to transgress supposedly natural boundaries of class, status, and gender across society, and establish new contacts between exclusive and excluded communities; and last, the article shows how the spatial imaginary that emerged in the second half of the eighteenth century—despite its reliance on older dispositions regarding space in German culture—deployed emotional vocabularies for engendering new forms of sociability, which went on to became central determinants of Germanness in the early nineteenth century.

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De Campos, Fernanda Cristina. "Dos sinais às imagens poéticas: leitura de poesia e crítica do imaginário". Letras de Hoje 51, n.º 4 (31 de dezembro de 2016): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1984-7726.2016.4.23018.

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Este trabalho privilegia uma concepção de arte poética que capta os elementos naturais como sinais de extratos mais profundos. Ao revestir as imagens de uma carga simbólica, o poeta promove, segundo G. Bachelard, uma experiência nova com a linguagem e faz renascer um novo psiquismo, além de sobrepor mundos diversos e cruzar experiências passadas e futuras. A provocação ao desenvolvimento desse tema vem dos poemas “Poetas e insetos”, “Falcões” e “As formas prisioneiras”, de Dora Ferreira da Silva (1918-2006). Nessa poeta, a conversão de sinais em símbolos operada pelo texto poético encontra ressonância nas teorias de Jung e Durand, que compreendem o símbolo – resultado da cultura e das pressões subjetivas – como responsável pelo dinamismo do objeto artístico, cujo sentido é incessante. O encaminhamento desse estudo se faz por meio de análises dos poemas, conceitos sobre imagem e símbolo e de um percurso sobre a história do imaginário no ocidente.********************************************************************From the signals to the poetic images: poetry reading and criticism of the imaginaryAbstract: This work focuses on a conception of poetic art which captures the natural elements as deeper signals of extract. By covering the images with a symbolic load, the poet promotes, according to Bachelard, a new experience with language and revives a new psychism, besides overlapping diverse worlds and crossing past and future experiences. The provocation to the development of this theme comes from the poems “Poetas e insetos”, “Falcões” and “As formas prisioneiras”, by Dora Ferreira da Silva (1918-2006). In this poet, the conversion from signals into symbols operated by the poetic text finds resonance in the theories of Jung and Durand, who comprehend the symbol – the result from culture and subjective pressures – as responsible for the dynamism of the artistic object, whose meaning is incessant. The development of this study is made through the analyses of the poems, concepts of images and symbol and an overview of the history of the imaginary in the West. Keywords: Image; symbol; Dora Ferreira da Silva; Bachelard; Jung

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Ferreira, Derneval Andrade, e Adelino Pereira dos Santos. "Entre a literatura e a história: personagens de Mayombe e Noites de Vigília nas cenas de Angola". Revista Macambira 7, n.º 1 (22 de agosto de 2023): e071010. http://dx.doi.org/10.35642/rm.v7i1.938.

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A partir de pressupostos teóricos e metodológicos da Crítica Literária e da Literatura Comparada, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar traços de personagens dos romances Mayombe e Noites de Vigília, dos autores angolanos Pepetela e Boaventura Cardoso, respectivamente, não apenas como marcos do imaginário ficcional dos autores, mas, sobretudo, como representações da trama histórica recente de Angola, de que os autores foram ao mesmo tempo testemunhas e protagonistas, no sentido de que vivenciaram (e vivenciam!) seus reflexos no cotidiano do povo angolano. A análise dos romances baseou-se em uma perspectiva metodológica de comparação entre ficção e realidade histórica de Angola, o que permitiu concluir que muitas imagens representadas pela arte literária não são, simplesmente, reflexos da história, mas, sobretudo, demonstram formas de relacionamentos e pensamentos de sujeitos históricos com suas próprias histórias. Nessa concepção, os sujeitos imaginários de Mayombe (os próprios agenciadores da guerrilha), foram relacionados com as personagens de Noites de Vigília (atores que ajudam a recontar partes fragmentadas da história angolana) para que se tenha uma dimensão não apenas fictícia de elementos que recobrem a história política e cultural desse país, como também há possibilidade de se reconhecer sujeitos em suas mais variadas dimensões históricas. ABSTRACTBased on theoretical and methodological assumptions from Literary Criticism and Comparative Literature, the objective of this work was to analyze characters from the novels Mayombe and Noites de Vigília, by Angolan authors Pepetela and Boaventura Cardoso, respectively, not only as milestones of the authors’ fictional imagination, but above all, as representations of the recent historical plot of Angola, that the authors were at the same time witnesses and protagonists, in the sense that they experienced (and experience!) their reflections in the daily life of the Angolan people. The analysis of the novels was based on a methodological perspective of comparison between fiction and the historical reality of Angola, which led to the conclusion that many images represented by literary art are not simply reflections of history, but, above all, demonstrate forms of relationships and thoughts of historical subjects with their own histories. In this conception, the imaginary subjects of Mayombe (the guerrillas' own agents) were related to the characters of Noites de Vigília (actors who help to recount fragmented parts of Angolan history) so that one can see a dimension not only of the fictitious elements that cover the political and cultural history of that country, as well as the possibility of recognizing subjects in their most varied historical dimensions. Keywords: Mayombe, Noites de Vigília, Literature, Guerrilla, Angolan History.

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Táíwò, Olúfẹ́mi. "Against African Communalism". Journal of French and Francophone Philosophy 24, n.º 1 (12 de outubro de 2016): 81–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jffp.2016.759.

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Communalism and its cognates continue to exercise a vise grip on the African intellectual imaginary. Whether the discussion is in ethics or social philosophy, in metaphysics or even, on occasion, epistemology, the play of communalism, a concept expounded in the next section, is so strong that it is difficult to escape its ubiquity. In spite of this, there is little serious analysis of the concept and its implications in the contemporary context. Yet, at no other time than now can a long-suffering continent use some robust debates on its multiple inheritances regarding how to organize life and thought in order to deliver a better future for its population. Given the continual resort to communalism as, among others, the standard of ethical behavior, the blueprint for restoring Africans to wholeness and organizing our social life, as well as a template for political reorganization across the continent, one cannot overemphasize the importance of contributing some illumination to the discourse surrounding the idea. This essay seeks to offer a little illumination in this respect. Additionally, it offers a criticism of what all—proponents and antagonists alike—take to be a defensible version of communalism: moderate communalism. I shall be arguing that communalism, generally, has a problem with the individual. And the African variant of it, mostly subscribed to by the African scholars discussed below and defended by them as something either peculiar to or special in Africa, has an even harder time accommodating the individual. Yet, as history shows, until the modern age in which individualism is the principle of social ordering and mode of social living, a situation that privileges the individual, above all, various forms of communalism never really accorded the individual the recognition and forbearances that we now commonly associate with the idea. The strongest variants of moderate communalism discussed here have a difficult time taking the individual seriously. I am not aware of anyone else ever having made such a case. These arguments are offered to show that (1) Africa and Africans need to take individualism seriously and (2) such have been the historical transformation that our diverse societies have undergone in the course of the last half a millennium that the types of communalism that are on offer do not appear to take this fact of radical change with the necessary urgency.

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Amsi, Najirah. "Kora-Kora Banda Naira : Dari Kapal Perang Menjadi Perahu Belang". Jurnal Pattingalloang 9, n.º 3 (7 de dezembro de 2022): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/jp.v9i3.25171.

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Penelitian ini Merekonstruksi kembali sejarah Kora-kora dalam pelayaran laut di Kepualaun Banda, Menjelaskan bentuk konstruksi Kora-kora menjadi kapal perang dan Mendeskripsikan perubahan Kora-kora menjadi Belang. Menggunakan jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Metode penelitian terdiri dari empat tahap antara lain heuristk (pengumpulan data), kritik (vefirifikasi data secara intern dan ekstern), interpretasi (penafsiran) dan historiografi (penyajian data dalam bentuk tulisan). Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa asal muasal kora- kora dalam pelayaran laut di Kepulauan Banda dalam berbagai sumber disebutkan bahwa Kora- kora berasal dari Jong, kapal miliki nusantara yang ada sejak abad I Masehi. Ciri khas Jong adalah penggunaan papan-papan yang disatukan dengan pasak dari kayu. Sumber lain menyebutkan bahwa kora-kora berasal dari kolondiophonta yaitu kapal-kapal Indonesia yang bercadik bertiang dua yang menyeberangi Teluk Bengal dan terus berlayar menuju pantai timur dan barat daya India Selatan. Kora-kora dijadikan sebagai kapal perang. Perubahan kora-kora menjadi belang berawal dari kepentingan VOC untuk menarik simpati orang-orang pribumi dengan melakukan lomba belang antar negeri. Untuk mengingat perjuangan rakyat pribumi dalam melakukan perlawanan terhadap penjajah dengan menggunakan kora-kora maka belang muncul sebagai simbol perjuangan. Belang Banda Naira terbagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu belang adat dan belang nasional.Keywords: kora-kora, belang, kapal, Banda NairaABSTRACTThis study reconstructs the history of the Kora-kora in sea shipping in the Banda Islands, explains the shape of Kora-kora's construction into a warship and describes the transformation of Kora-kora into Belang. Using a qualitative descriptive research type. The research method consists of four stages, including heuristics (data collection), criticism (internal and external data verification), interpretation (interpretation) and historiography (presentation of data in written form). The results of the research show that the origin of the kora-kora during sea voyages in the Banda Islands, in various sources it is stated that the Kora-kora came from the Jong, a ship belonging to the archipelago which has existed since the 1st century AD. Jong's characteristic is the use of boards that are held together with wooden pegs. Another source says that the kora-kora came from the colondiophonta, namely Indonesian ships with two-masted outriggers that crossed the Bay of Bengal and continued sailing towards the east and southwest coasts of South India. Kora-Kora was used as a warship. The change from kora-kora to striped originated from the VOC's interest to attract the sympathy of native people by conducting striped competitions between countries. To remember the struggle of the indigenous people in fighting against the invaders by using kora-kora, the belang appears as a symbol of struggle. Banda Naira stripes are divided into two groups, namely traditional stripes and national stripes.Keywords: kora-kora, striped, ship, Banda Naira

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Mitchell, Christopher Joseph. "BOOK REVIEW: Alicia Arriz�n. LATINA PERFORMANCE: TRAVERSING THE STAGE. and Edited by Catherine Larson and Margarita Vargas. LATIN AMERICAN WOMEN DRAMATISTS. and Elizabeth A. Marchant. CRITICAL ACTS: LATIN AMERICAN WOMEN AND CULTURAL CRITICISM. and Emma P�rez. THE DECOLONIAL IMAGINARY: WRITING CHICANAS INTO HISTORY." NWSA Journal 13, n.º 2 (julho de 2001): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/nws.2001.13.2.169.

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Money, John. "Provincialism and The English “Ancien Regime”: Samuel Pipe-Wolferstan and “The Confessional State,” 1776–1820". Albion 21, n.º 3 (1989): 389–425. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4050087.

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Imagine, if you will, a ship at sea. At a distance, it could be Jason and the Argonauts, or the Flying Dutchman, or even Captain Ahab. By the cut of its jib as it looms out of the mist, however, it seems rather to be a sieve, such as that in which the Jumblies once put forth. On the poop, sextant in hand, his grizzled features set in Churchillian grimace but instantly recognizable by the ancient Connecticut watchcap which tops them, stands—no, not Walter Mitty—but Hexter the Navigator. As a veteran of many earlier voyages, real and imaginary, he has a longer memory than his shipmates. He thinks this is a Liberty Ship, and he is trying to chart the course laid out in the sailing instructions, originally constituted by a long line of sea-lawyers and perfected by Victorian hydrographers. Right forrard, another ancient mariner, of the kind the lower deck calls Three-badge Killick (a leading seaman of long service who has never made it to Petty Officer), swings the lead. He is Plumb. In the crow's nest, bo'suns Tawney and Hill stand watch with their mates Stone and Thompson. As boy seamen long ago, they, too, were brought up on the old sailing instructions; but having, before the present voyage, served in capital ships, they consider that they have progressed far beyond such common lore. So wise are they indeed that they are convinced that this, too, is a Capital Ship, which, as everybody knows, can only sail forwards, and can therefore have only one destination. In the rigging, the rest of the fo'csle hands, a rabble of cabin boys and greenhorns press-ganged in 1968, who have barely passed for able seaman and still need the old guard to show them the ropes, likewise scan the horizon for the inevitable landfall and keep a weather eye open for that ill-omened denizen of these waters, Namier's Albatross. The intrepid helmsman, however, just as young but experienced beyond his years, knows better. Apprenticed to a line of tars that stretches back to old admiral Clarendon, he has learnt his craft the hard way, at the rope's end, and he has very little use for the sailing instructions of Liberty Ships or the great circle routes programmed, rhumb line by reductionist rhumb line, into the automatic pilots of their capital counterparts. He is Revisionist, a most unteleologic Ulysses, content (the journey not Ithaca's the thing) to sail his narrative barque (Narrenschiff?) before the winds of change for ever. Only one thing jars this whimsical homeric simile. Proof though he is against Circe and her reifications, our Ulysses has still his achilles' heel. Perhaps because he has come up through the hawse-hole himself, he has occasional bouts of nautical nostalgie de la boue: like Bertram, the sociologist of the sea in “Dry Cargo,” the Navigator's hoary parable on Doing History (another time, another voyage), he itches to pull on a pair of footnotes, go below and sample the bilgewater which, this being after all a sieve, slops around the hold.

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Gómez, Juan Carlos. "En los muros del Palacio: Pedro Nel Gómez en el imaginario social en Medellín, 1930-1950". HiSTOReLo. Revista de Historia Regional y Local 5, n.º 10 (1 de julho de 2013): 53–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/historelo.v5n10.37039.

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Durante la década de 1920 apareció en Latinoamérica una serie de vanguardias culturales que cuestionaron la realidad nacional de sus países buscando cambios en la estructura social y política. Los políticos liberales colombianos, en su intento por llegar al poder, reconocieron en ellas diferentes ideas que influyeron en su desarrollo político. Con las reformas de Alfonso López Pumarejo se buscó un acercamiento con los artistas para que estos desarrollaran una tipología de arte en la que se involucrara a la sociedad y así ésta tomara conciencia de su historia e idiosincrasia. Bajo estos lineamientos Pedro Nel Gómez fue contratado para decorar el Palacio Municipal de Medellín con diferentes murales al fresco que cumplieran este propósito. El artista presentó nueve frescos que despertaron polémica debido al llamado de conciencia social que realizó al retratar los principales problemas de su país, situación que no solo le ganó el apelativo de socialista sino que años más tarde lo llevó a la censura. Con este texto se pretende interpretar esos murales como fuente de conocimiento histórico y ver en ellos los problemas sociales de la Colombia de los años treinta expresados por el artista desde su pensamiento socialista e influencia marxista.Palabras clave: Muralismo, denuncia social, Palacio Municipal de Medellín, socialismo, política colombiana.In the Palace Walls: Pedro Nel Gómez in the Social Imaginary of Medellín, 1930-1950Abstract The 1920s was a decade that witnessed in Latin American the appearance of a number of cultural vanguards that questioned the reality of their countries seeking changes in the social and political structure of their nations. The Colombian Liberal politicians, in their desire for to govern to Colombia, recognized in them a number of ideas that influenced his political development. The reforms of Alfonso Lopez Pumarejo sought a rapprochement with the artists looking a series of artistic proposals that involved the society for to aware of its history and identity. Under these guidelines Pedro Nel Gómez was contracted to decorate the town hall of Medellin with a series of murals for to meet this purpose. The artist presented nine frescoes arousing controversy for of the call of social consciousness that did painting the main problems of the country. This not only earned him the nickname socialist but that years later led to censorship. This text tries to interpret these murals as a source of historical knowledge and see in them the social problems of the thirties Colombian expressed by the artist from his Marxist socialist thought and influence. Keywords: Muralism, social criticism, City Hall Medellín, socialism, Colombian politics.

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Butska, Kateryna V. "UKRAINIAN POSTCOLONIAL NOVEL AS A NATIONAL NARRATIVE: “THE MUSEUM OF ABANDONED SECRETS” BY O. ZABUZHKO AND “THE BEECH LAND” BY M. MATIOS". Alfred Nobel University Journal of Philology 2, n.º 26/1 (20 de dezembro de 2023): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32342/2523-4463-2023-2-26/1-3.

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The article examines the seminal novels of Ukrainian women writers from the first and second decades of the 21st century, namely “The Museum of Abandoned Secrets” (“Музей покинутих секретів”, 2009) by O. Zabuzhko and “The Beech Land” (“Букова земля”, 2019) by M. Matios. The selected works are analyzed through the lens of postcolonial criticism, that is, from the point of view of the historical experience of the statelessness of the Ukrainian community and its reflection in literary texts. The main attention is paid to the narrative features of the works, namely the tendency to broad narrative, integrity, and narrative completeness. The purpose of the study is to highlight the postcolonial content of the narrative strategies implemented in the selected novels by O. Zabuzhko and M. Matios. Given that “The Museum of Abandoned Secrets” and “The Beech Land” represent different periods and ideological and aesthetic paradigms, namely postmodernism and metamodernism, one of the tasks of the study is to assert the relevance of postcolonialism in the context of metamodernism. The article aims to highlight the peculiarities of the artistic realization of “postcolonial” narrativity in postmodern and metamodern texts. Additionally, the narrative features of the selected novels are compared. The stated purpose necessitates the application of hermeneutic (interpretation of a literary text), comparative (identification of common and distinctive features of the selected works) methods, as well as the method of structural analysis (examining the narrative structure of the texts). As a result of the study, it is established that postcolonialism, inherent in Ukrainian postmodern prose, remains relevant in the second decade of the twenty-first century. The postcolonial orientation of the novels “The Museum of Abandoned Secrets” and “The Beech Land” is manifested in their intention to affirm the continuity of Ukrainian history by building a panoramic narrative that covers different historical periods and establishes a hereditary connection between them. The study identified the following features common to both novels: the intertwining of family genealogy with national history; the development of narratives at different generational levels – children, parents, grandparents, etc.; the theme of the perpetual war for independence that continues to this day; the image of God as a transcendent guardian of history, capable of seeing the intertwining of human destinies in their entirety. The defining theme shared by both novels is the anti-colonial struggle, particularly the military campaign of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army. This theme necessitates depicting the tragic consequences of imperial oppression. In “The Beech Land”, these are devastation and turmoil, fratricide, ruptured familial ties, the destruction of the Bukovynian “utopia”. In “The Museum of Abandoned Secrets”, these repercussions are shown through the lens of postmodern hypertextuality – as “burnt manuscripts”, irretrievably lost archives, fragmented stories. In addition, the selected novels exhibit an inclination to transcend the boundaries of realistic storytelling. Employing the montage technique, “The Museum of Abandoned Secrets” incorporates a mystical discourse of dreams that operates as a parallel reality, recounting events of the past. The oneiric discourse resonates with the image of an endless virtual archive storing memories of everything that has ever happened in the world. In “The Beech Land”, the departure from realistic historiography occurs through metamodern fantastisation, where the historical panorama is framed by the story of the “Heavenly Chancellery” – a celestial archive inhabited by the Creator and the Angels. The appeal to mystical and imaginative discourses is interpreted as a manifestation of postcolonial longing for lost integrity and completeness. The images of endless imaginary repositories of information complement the incompleteness of history, aiding in overcoming its fragmentary nature and opacity.

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KITLV, Redactie. "Book reviews". New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 86, n.º 3-4 (1 de janeiro de 2012): 309–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002420.

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A World Among these Islands: Essays on Literature, Race, and National Identity in Antillean America, by Roberto Márquez (reviewed by Peter Hulme) Caribbean Reasonings: The Thought of New World, The Quest for Decolonisation, edited by Brian Meeks & Norman Girvan (reviewed by Cary Fraser) Elusive Origins: The Enlightenment in the Modern Caribbean Historical Imagination, by Paul B. Miller (reviewed by Kerstin Oloff) Caribbean Perspectives on Modernity: Returning Medusa’s Gaze, by Maria Cristina Fumagalli (reviewed by Maureen Shay) Who Abolished Slavery: Slave Revolts and Abolitionism: A Debate with João Pedro Marques, edited by Seymour Drescher & Pieter C. Emmer, and Abolitionism and Imperialism in Britain, Africa, and the Atlantic, edited by Derek R . Peterson (reviewed by Claudius Fergus) The Mediterranean Apprenticeship of British Slavery, by Gustav Ungerer (reviewed by James Walvin) Children in Slavery through the Ages, edited by Gwyn Campbell, Suzanne Miers & Joseph C. Miller (reviewed by Indrani Chatterjee) The Invisible Hook: The Hidden Economics of Pirates, by Peter T. Leeson (reviewed by Kris Lane) Theorizing a Colonial Caribbean-Atlantic Imaginary: Sugar and Obeah, by Keith Sandiford (reviewed by Elaine Savory) Created in the West Indies: Caribbean Perspectives on V.S. Naipaul, edited by Jennifer Rahim & Barbara Lalla (reviewed by Supriya M. Nair) Thiefing Sugar: Eroticism between Women in Caribbean Literature, by Omise’eke Natasha Tinsley (reviewed by Lyndon K. Gill) Haiti Unbound: A Spiralist Challenge to the Postcolonial Canon, by Kaiama L. Glover (reviewed by Asselin Charles) Divergent Dictions: Contemporary Dominican Literature, by Néstor E. Rodríguez (reviewed by Dawn F. Stinchcomb) The Caribbean Short Story: Critical Perspectives, edited by Lucy Evans, Mark McWatt & Emma Smith (reviewed by Leah Rosenberg) Society of the Dead: Quita Manaquita and Palo Praise in Cuba, by Todd Ramón Ochoa (reviewed by Brian Brazeal) El Lector: A History of the Cigar Factory Reader, by Araceli Tinajero (reviewed by Juan José Baldrich) Blazing Cane: Sugar Communities, Class, and State Formation in Cuba, 1868-1959, by Gillian McGillivray (reviewed by Consuelo Naranjo Orovio) The Purposes of Paradise: U.S. Tourism and Empire in Cuba and Hawai’i, by Christine Skwiot (reviewed by Amalia L. Cabezas) A History of the Cuban Revolution, by Aviva Chomsky (reviewed by Michelle Chase) The Cubalogues: Beat Writers in Revolutionary Havana, by Todd F. Tietchen (reviewed by Stephen Fay) The Devil in the Details: Cuban Antislavery Narrative in the Postmodern Age, by Claudette M. Williams (reviewed by Gera Burton) Screening Cuba: Film Criticism as Political Performance during the Cold War, by Hector Amaya (reviewed by Ann Marie Stock) Perceptions of Cuba: Canadian and American Policies in Comparative Perspective, by Lana Wylie (reviewed by Julia Sagebien) Forging Diaspora: Afro-Cubans and African Americans in a World of Empire and Jim Crow, by Frank Andre Guridy (reviewed by Susan Greenbaum) The Irish in the Atlantic World, edited by David T. Gleeson (reviewed by Donald Harman Akenson) The Chinese in Latin America and the Caribbean, edited by Walton Look Lai & Tan Chee-Beng (reviewed by John Kuo Wei Tchen) The Island of One People: An Account of the History of the Jews of Jamaica, by Marilyn Delevante & Anthony Alberga (reviewed by Barry Stiefel) Creole Jews: Negotiating Community in Colonial Suriname, by Wieke Vink (reviewed by Aviva Ben-Ur) Only West Indians: Creole Nationalism in the British West Indies, by F.S.J. Ledgister (reviewed by Jerome Teelucksingh) Cultural DNA: Gender at the Root of Everyday Life in Rural Jamaica, by Diana J. Fox (reviewed by Jean Besson) Women in Grenadian History, 1783-1983, by Nicole Laurine Phillip (reviewed by Bernard Moitt) British-Controlled Trinidad and Venezuela: A History of Economic Interests and Subversions, 1830-1962, by Kelvin Singh (reviewed by Stephen G. Rabe) Export/Import Trends and Economic Development in Trinidad, 1919-1939, by Doddridge H.N. Alleyne (reviewed by Rita Pemberton) Post-Colonial Trinidad: An Ethnographic Journal, by Colin Clarke & Gillian Clarke (reviewed by Patricia van Leeuwaarde Moonsammy) Poverty in Haiti: Essays on Underdevelopment and Post Disaster Prospects, by Mats Lundahl (reviewed by Robert Fatton Jr.) From Douglass to Duvalier: U.S. African Americans, Haiti, and Pan Americanism, 1870-1964, by Millery Polyné (reviewed by Brenda Gayle Plummer) Haiti Rising: Haitian History, Culture and the Earthquake of 2010, edited by Martin Munro (reviewed by Jonna Knappenberger) Faith Makes Us Live: Surviving and Thriving in the Haitian Diaspora, by Margarita A. Mooney (reviewed by Rose-Marie Chierici) This Spot of Ground: Spiritual Baptists in Toronto, by Carol B. Duncan (reviewed by James Houk) Interroger les morts: Essai sur le dynamique politique des Noirs marrons ndjuka du Surinam et de la Guyane, by Jean-Yves Parris (reviewed by H.U.E. Thoden van Velzen & W. van Wetering)

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Храпунов, Н. И. "Russia in the Crimea: Civilizer or Oppressor? Images of the Imperial Power in the Dispute of the Late 18th and the First Half of the 19th Century’s Travelogues". Historia provinciae - the journal of regional history, n.º 1 (15 de março de 2023): 190–237. http://dx.doi.org/10.23859/2587-8344-2023-7-1-5.

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Присоединение Крыма к России в 1783 г. стало значимым событием в мировой политике и привлекло внимание всей Европы. Свидетельством этого интереса явилось включение Крыма в маршрут большого образовательного путешествия (Grand Tour) представителей европейской элиты. В опубликованных впоследствии путевых записках они вели обсуждение «законности» и эффективности действий российских властей. Учитывая специфический облик Крыма, региона с преобладавшим мусульманским населением, который располагался у воображаемой границы между Европой и Азией, путешественники использовали традиционные для европейской общественной мысли рассуждения об исторической роли Востока и Запада, о миссии европейских держав и о сущности Российского государства. Материалом для исследования стали несколько наиболее популярных в исследуемую эпоху травелогов, в частности сочинения Франсуа де Тотта и Эдварда Даниэля Кларка, Уильяма Итона и Маттью Гатри, Мэри Хоулдернесс и Поля Гибаля, супругов Омер де Гелль, а также Олимпиады Петровны Шишкиной. Показан генезис полярных интерпретаций исторической роли и судьбы Крымского ханства, от «золотого века» в истории региона до катастрофы, отбросившей его далеко назад. В зависимости от этого присоединение к России воспринималось либо как «нашествие варваров», либо как открытие возможностей для быстрого прогресса. Раскрыты использованные путешественниками основные критерии оценок действий российских властей: их отношение к местным жителям, способность организовать эффективное управление, развивать торговлю, защищать христианство, охранять археологические и архитектурные памятники и проч. Проанализированы устойчивые стереотипы, выработанные путешественниками и связанные с «колоссальным хозяйственным потенциалом» Крыма, с восприятием его жителей как «благородных дикарей» / «праздных ленивцев», а также с «русским варварством» по отношению к памятникам культурного наследия и слабостью Черноморского флота. Показано, что многие оценки в травелогах зависели от изначальных установок их авторов, усвоенных ими еще до поездки. Продемонстрирована устойчивость стереотипов и объяснительных моделей, активно проявившаяся, в частности, во время обострения противоречий между Россией и Европой накануне и в ходе Крымской войны, когда вновь востребованными оказались антироссийские идеологические приемы и дискурсы. The unification of the Crimea with Russia in 1783 was an important event in the world politics and attracted the attention of the whole Europe. The apparent evidence of that interest was the inclusion of the Crimea in the itinerary of the great educational journey, or the Grand Tour, of the European elite. In their travelogues, published later on, the representatives of the European elite discussed the “legality” and effectiveness of the actions of the Russian authorities in the region. Given the specific image of the Crimea, a region with a predominantly Muslim population, located at the imaginary border between Europe and Asia, the travellers used traditional in the European mind ideas of the historical roles of East and West, the historical mission of the European powers, and the essence of the Russian state. As the source base for the study, several of the most popular travelogues of the period under research were chosen, in particular the works of François de Tott and Edward Clarke, William Eton and Matthew Guthrie, Mary Holderness and Paul Guibal, Xavier and Adèle Hommaire de Hell, and Olimpiada Shishkina. The article shows the genesis of popular, and the same time opposite interpretations of the historical role and fate of the Crimean Khanate, from the “golden age” in the history of the region to the disaster that threw it far back. Depending ⁎ This article is an extended version of the paper presented at the conference “State Politics and Images of Power in Central Europe and Neighboring Regions: Praise, Criticism, and Rejection” (Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, November 2–3, 2021). Исследования Н.И. Храпунов. Россия в Крыму – цивилизатор или угнетатель? Образы имперской власти в полемике травелогов конца XVIII – первой половины XIX в. Historia provinciae – журнал региональной истории. 2023. Т. 7, № 1 ISSN 2587-8344 (online) 192 on the author’s aim, the unification with Russia was interpreted as a “barbarian invasion,” or, alternatively, as a new possibility for fast progress. Moreover, the article uncovers the main criteria used by the travellers when evaluating the activities of the Russian government, their attitude towards the local residents, the ability to establish effective administration, develop trade, protect Christianity, keep archaeological and architectural monuments and sites, and so on. The work analyses established stereotypes developed by the travellers, such as “huge economic potential” of the Crimea, the perception of its residents as “noble savages / lazy idlers,” “Russian barbarism” concerning cultural heritage, and “military impotence” of the Black Sea Navy. It is indicated that many such assessments depended on the travellers’ background and already existing opinion, which had been formed before the journey. The article demonstrates the continuity in the stereotypes and explanatory models, especially in the period of aggravation of relations between Russia and Europe on the eve and in the course of the Crimean War, when anti-Russian ideological patterns and discourses became in demand again.

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Tsygankov, Alexander S. "History of Philosophy. 2018, Vol. 23, No. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Theory and Methodology of History of Philosophy Rodion V. Savinov. Philosophy of Antiquity in Scholasticism This article examines the forms of understanding ancient philosophy in medieval and post-medieval scholasticism. Using the comparative method the author identifies the main approaches to the philosophical heritage of Antiquity, and to the problem of reviving the doctrines of the past. The Patristics (Epiphanius of Cyprus, Filastrius of Brixia, Lactantius, Augustine) saw the ancient cosmological doctrines as heresies. The early Middle Ages (e.g., Isidore of Seville) assimilated the content of these heresiographic treatises, which became the main source of information about ancient philosophy. Scholasticism of the 13th–14th cent. remained cautious to ancient philosophy and distinguished, on the one hand, the doctrinal content discussed in the framework of the exegetic problems at universities (Albert the Great, Thomas Aquinas, etc.), and, on the other hand, information on ancient philosophers integrated into chronological models of medieval chronicles (Peter Comestor, Vincent de Beauvais, Walter Burleigh). Finally, the post-medieval scholasticism (Pedro Fonseca, Conimbricenses, Th. Stanley, and others) raised the questions of the «history of ideas», thereby laying the foundation of the history of philosophy in its modern sense. Keywords: history of philosophy, Patristic, Scholasticism, reflection, critic DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-5-17 World Philosophy: the Past and the Present Mariya A. Solopova. The Chronology of Democritus and the Fall of Troy The article considers the chronology of Democritus of Abdera. In the times of Classical Antiquity, three different birth dates for Democritus were known: c. 495 BC (according to Diodorus of Sicily), c. 470 BC (according to Thrasyllus), and c. 460 BC (according to Apollodorus of Athens). These dates must be coordinated with the most valuable doxographic evidence, according to which Democritus 1) "was a young man during Anaxagoras’s old age" and that 2) the Lesser World-System (Diakosmos) was compiled 730 years after the Fall of Troy. The article considers the argument in favor of the most authoritative datings belonging to Apollodorus and Thrasyllus, and draws special attention to the meaning of the dating of Democritus’ work by himself from the year of the Fall of Troy. The question arises, what prompted Democritus to talk about the date of the Fall of Troy and how he could calculate it. The article expresses the opinion that Democritus indicated the date of the Fall of Troy not with the aim of proposing its own date, different from others, but in order to date the Lesser World-System in the spirit of intellectual achievements of his time, in which, perhaps, the history of the development of mankind from the primitive state to the emergence of civilization was discussed. The article discusses how to explain the number 730 and argues that it can be the result of combinations of numbers 20 (the number of generations that lived from the Fall of Troy to Democritus), 35 – one of the constants used for calculations of generations in genealogical research, and 30. The last figure perhaps indicates the age of Democritus himself, when he wrote the Lesser Diakosmos: 30 years old. Keywords: Ancient Greek philosophy, Democritus, Anaxagoras, Greek chronography, doxographers, Apollodorus, Thrasyllus, capture of Troy, ancient genealogies, the length of a generation DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-18-31 Bembya L. Mitruyev. “Yogācārabhumi-Śāstra” as a Historical and Philosophical Source The article deals with “Yogācārabhūmi-Śāstra” – a treatise on the Buddhist Yogācāra school. Concerning the authorship of this text, the Indian and Chinese traditions diverge: in the first, the treatise is attributed to Asanga, and in the second tradition to Maitreya. Most of the modern scholars consider it to be a compilation of many texts, and not the work of one author. Being an important monument for both the Yogacara tradition and Mahayana Buddhism in general, Yogācārabhūmi-Śāstra is an object of scientific interest for the researchers all around the world. The text of the treatise consists of five parts, which are divided into chapters. The contents of the treatise sheds light on many concepts of Yogācāra, such as ālayavijñāna, trisvabhāva, kliṣṭamanas, etc. Having briefly considered the textological problems: authorship, dating, translation, commenting and genre of the text, the author suggests the reconstruction of the content of the entire monument, made on the basis of his own translation from the Tibetan and Sanskrit. This allows him to single out from the whole variety of topics those topics, the study of which will increase knowledge about the history of the formation of the basic philosophical concepts of Yogācāra and thereby allow a deeper understanding of the historical and philosophical process in Buddhism and in other philosophical movements of India. Keywords: Yogācārabhūmi-śāstra, Asaṅga, Māhāyana, Vijñānavāda, Yogācāra, Abhidharma, ālayavijñāna citta, bhūmi, mind, consciousness, meditation DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-32-43 Tatiana G. Korneeva. Knowledge in Nāșir Khusraw’s Philosophy The article deals with the concept of “knowledge” in the philosophy of Nāșir Khusraw. The author analyzes the formation of the theory of knowledge in the Arab-Muslim philosophy. At the early stages of the formation of the Arab-Muslim philosophy the discussion of the question of cognition was conducted in the framework of ethical and religious disputes. Later followers of the Falsafa introduced the legacy of ancient philosophers into scientific circulation and began to discuss the problems of cognition in a philosophical way. Nāșir Khusraw, an Ismaili philosopher of the 11th century, expanded the scope of knowledge and revised the goals and objectives of the process of cognition. He put knowledge in the foundation of the world order, made it the cause and ultimate goal of the creation of the world. In his philosophy knowledge is the link between the different levels of the universe. The article analyzes the Nāșir Khusraw’s views on the role of knowledge in various fields – metaphysics, cosmogony, ethics and eschatology. Keywords: knowledge, cognition, Ismailism, Nāșir Khusraw, Neoplatonism, Arab-Muslim philosophy, kalām, falsafa DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-44-55 Vera Pozzi. Problems of Ontology and Criticism of the Kantian Formalism in Irodion Vetrinskii’s “Institutiones Metaphysicae” (Part II) This paper is a follow-up of the paper «Irodion Vetrinskii’s “Institutiones Metaphysicae” and the St. Petersburg Theological Academy» (Part I). The issue and the role of “ontology” in Vetrinskii’s textbook is analyzed in detail, as well as the author’s critique of Kantian “formalism”: in this connection, the paper provides a description of Vetrinskii’s discussion about Kantian theory of the a priori forms of sensible intuition and understanding. To sum up, Vetrinskii was well acquainted not only with Kantian works – and he was able to fully evaluate their innovative significance – but also with late Scholastic textbooks of the German area. Moreover, he relied on the latters to build up an eclectic defense of traditional Metaphysics, avoiding at the same time to refuse Kantian perspective in the sake of mere reaffirming a “traditional” perspective. Keywords: Philosophizing at Russian Theological Academies, Russian Enlightenment, Russian early Kantianism, St. Petersburg Theological Academy, history of Russian philosophy, history of metaphysics, G.I. Wenzel, I. Ya. Vetrinskii DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-56-67 Alexey E. Savin. Criticism of Judaism in Hegel's Early “Theological” Writings The aim of the article is to reveal the nature of criticism of Judaism by the “young” Hegel and underlying intuitions. The investigation is based on the phenomenological approach. It seeks to explicate the horizon of early Hegel's thinking. The revolutionary role of early Hegel’s ideas reactivation in the history of philosophy is revealed. The article demonstrates the fundamental importance of criticism of Judaism for the development of Hegel's thought. The sources of Hegelian thematization and problematization of Judaism – his Protestant theological background within the framework of supranaturalism and the then discussion about human rights and political emancipation of Jews – are discovered. Hegel's interpretation of the history of the Jewish people and the origin of Judaism from the destruction of trust in nature, the fundamental mood of distrust and fear of the world, leading to the development of alienation, is revealed. The falsity of the widespread thesis about early Hegel’s anti-Semitism is demonstrated. The reasons for the transition of early Hegel from “theology” to philosophy are revealed. Keywords: Hegel, Judaism, history, criticism, anti-Semitism, trust, nature, alienation, tyranny, philosophy DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-68-80 Evgeniya A. Dolgova. Philosophy at the Institute of Red Professors (1921–1938): Institutional Forms, Methods of Teaching, Students, Lecturers The article explores the history of the Institute of the Red Professors in philosophy (1921–1938). Referring to the unpublished documents in the State Archives of the Russian Federation and the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the author explores its financial and infrastructure support, information sphere, characterizes students and teachers. The article illustrates the practical experience of the functioning of philosophy within the framework of one of the extraordinary “revolutionary” projects on the renewal of the scientific and pedagogical sphere, reflects a vivid and ambiguous picture of the work of the educational institution in the 1920s and 1930s and corrects some of historiographical judgments (about the politically and socially homogeneous composition of the Institute of Red Professors, the specifics of state support of its work, privileges and the social status of the “red professors”). Keywords: Institute of the Red Professors in Philosophy, Philosophical Department, soviet education, teachers, students, teaching methods DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-81-94 Vladimir V. Starovoitov. K. Horney about the Consequences of Neurotic Development and the Ways of Its Overcoming This article investigates the views of Karen Horney on psychoanalysis and neurotic development of personality in her last two books: “Our Inner Conflicts” (1945) and “Neurosis and Human Grows” (1950), and also in her two articles “On Feeling Abused” (1951) and “The Paucity of Inner Experiences” (1952), written in the last two years of her life and summarizing her views on clinical and theoretical problems in her work with neurotics. If in her first book “The Neurotic Personality of Our Time” (1937) neurosis was a result of disturbed interpersonal relations, caused by conditions of culture, then the concept of the idealized Self open the gates to the intrapsychic life. Keywords: Neo-Freudianism, psychoanalysis, neurotic development of personality, real Self, idealized image of Self DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-95-102 Publications and Translations Victoria G. Lysenko. Dignāga on the Definition of Perception in the Vādaviddhi of Vasubandhu. A Historical and Philosophical Reconstruction of Dignāga’s Pramāṇasamuccayavṛtti (1.13-16) The paper investigates a fragment from Dignāga’s magnum opus Pramāṇasamuccayavṛtti (“Body of tools for reliable knowledge with a commentary”, 1, 13-16) where Dignāga challenges Vasubandhu’s definition of perception in the Vādaviddhi (“Rules of the dispute”). The definition from the Vādaviddhi is being compared in the paper with Vasubandhu’s ideas of perception in Abhidharmakośabhāṣya (“Encyclopedia of Abhidharma with the commentary”), and with Dignāga’s own definition of valid perception in the first part of his Pramāṇasamuccayavṛtti as well as in his Ālambanaparīkśavṛtti (“Investigation of the Object with the commentary”). The author puts forward the hypothesis that Dignāga criticizes the definition of perception in Vādaviddhi for the reason that it does not correspond to the teachings of Vasubandhu in his Abhidharmakośabhāṣya, to which he, Dignāga, referred earlier in his magnum opus. This helps Dignāga to justify his statement that Vasubandhu himself considered Vādaviddhi as not containing the essence of his teaching (asāra). In addition, the article reconstructs the logical sequence in Dignāga’s exegesis: he criticizes the Vādaviddhi definition from the representational standpoint of Sautrāntika school, by showing that it does not fulfill the function prescribed by Indian logic to definition, that of distinguishing perception from the classes of heterogeneous and homogeneous phenomena. Having proved the impossibility of moving further according to the “realistic logic” based on recognizing the existence of an external object, Dignāga interprets the Vādaviddhi’s definition in terms of linguistic philosophy, according to which the language refers not to external objects and not to the unique and private sensory experience (svalakṣaṇa-qualia), but to the general characteristics (sāmānya-lakṣaṇa), which are mental constructs (kalpanā). Keywords: Buddhism, linguistic philosophy, perception, theory of definition, consciousness, Vaibhashika, Sautrantika, Yogacara, Vasubandhu, Dignaga DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-103-117 Elizaveta A. Miroshnichenko. Talks about Lev N. Tolstoy: Reception of the Writer's Views in the Public Thought of Russia at the End of the 19th Century (Dedicated to the 190th Anniversary of the Great Russian Writer and Thinker) This article includes previously unpublished letters of Russian social thinkers such as N.N. Strakhov, E.M. Feoktistov, D.N. Tsertelev. These letters provide critical assessment of Lev N. Tolstoy’s teachings. The preface to publication includes the history of reception of Tolstoy’s moral and aesthetic philosophy by his contemporaries, as well as influence of his theory on the beliefs of Russian idealist philosopher D.N. Tsertelev. The author offers a rational reconstruction of the dialogue between two generations of thinkers representative of the 19th century – Lev N. Tolstoy and N.N. Strakhov, on the one hand, and D.N. Tsertelev, on the other. The main thesis of the paper: the “old” and the “new” generations of the 19th-century thinkers retained mutual interest and continuity in setting the problems and objectives of philosophy, despite the numerous worldview contradictions. Keywords: Russian philosophy of the nineteenth century, L.N. Tolstoy, N.N. Strakhov, D.N. Tsertelev, epistolary heritage, ethics, aesthetics DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-118-130 Reviews Nataliya A. Tatarenko. History of Philosophy in a Format of Lecture Notes (on Hegel G.W.F. Vorlesungen zur Ästhetik. Vorlesungsmitschrift Adolf Heimann (1828/1829). Hrsg. von A.P. Olivier und A. Gethmann-Siefert. München: Wilhelm Fink, 2017. XXXI + 254 S.) Released last year, the book “G.W.F. Hegel. Vorlesungen zur Ästhetik. Vorlesungsmitschrift Adolf Heimann (1828/1829)” in German is a publication of one of the student's manuskript of Hegel's lectures on aesthetics. Adolf Heimann was a student of Hegel in 1828/29. These notes open for us imaginary doors into the audience of the Berlin University, where Hegel read his fourth and final course on the philosophy of art. A distinctive feature of this course is a new structure of lectures in comparison with three previous courses. This three-part division was took by H.G. Hotho as the basis for the edited by him text “Lectures on Aesthetics”, included in the first collection of Hegel’s works. The content of that publication was mainly based on the lectures of 1823 and 1826. There are a number of differences between the analyzed published manuskript and the students' records of 1820/21, 1823 and 1826, as well as between the manuskript and the editorial version of H.G. Hotho. These features show that Hegel throughout all four series of Berlin lectures on the philosophy of art actively developed and revised the structure and content of aesthetics. But unfortunately this evidence of the permanent development was not taken into account by the first editor of Hegel's lectures on aesthetics. Keywords: G.W.F. Hegel, H.G. Hotho, philosophy of art, aesthetics, forms of art, idea of beauty, ideal DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-131-138 Alexander S. Tsygankov. On the Way to the Revival of Metaphysics: S.L. Frank and E. Coreth Readers are invited to review the monograph of the modern German researcher Oksana Nazarova “The problem of the renaissance and new foundation of metaphysics through the example of Christian philosophical tradition. Russian religious philosophy (Simon L. Frank) and German neosholastics (Emerich Coreth)”, which was published in 2017 in Munich. In the paper, the author offers a comparative analysis of the projects of a new, “post-dogmatic” metaphysics, which were developed in the philosophy of Frank and Coreth. This study addresses the problems of the cognitive-theoretical and ontological foundation of the renaissance of metaphysics, the methodological tools of the new metaphysics, as well as its anthropological component. O. Nazarova's book is based on the comparative analysis of Frank's religious philosophy and Coreth's neo-cholastic philosophy from the beginning to the end. This makes the study unique in its own way. Since earlier in the German reception of the heritage of Russian thinker, the comparison of Frank's philosophy with the Catholic theology of the 20th century was realized only fragmentarily and did not act as a fundamental one. Along with a deep and meaningful analysis of the metaphysical projects of both thinkers, this makes O. Nazarova's book relevant to anyone who is interested in the philosophical dialogue of Russia and Western Europe and is engaged in the work of Frank and Coreth. Keywords: the renaissance of metaphysics, post-Kantian philosophy, Christian philosophy, S.L. Frank, E. Coreth DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-139-147". History of Philosophy 23, n.º 2 (outubro de 2018): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-139-147.

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Pöhlmann, Sascha. "Introduction: Becoming Familiar with The Familiar, or, The Imaginary Novel and the Imagination". Orbit: A Journal of American Literature 10, n.º 2 (1 de abril de 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.16995/orbit.8645.

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This essay is the introduction to the special issue of Orbit: A Journal of American Literature on Mark Z. Danielewski's The Familiar. As a starting point for readers, it places the the five novels in the context of a longer literary history of multimodal writing. I argue that this alternative history undermines the realist monomodal paradigm that still persists in literature and literary criticism and challenges their normativity that has, for example, mainly excluded multimodal forms such as children's literature or comics. At the same time, I identify a corresponding narrative bias in considerations of multimodal literature, as I connect The Familiar to poetic models of meaning-making. I also argue that the imagination is a central concern of Danielewski's pentalogy, connecting plot elements such as VEM to readerly engagement and empathy. Finally, the introduction includes summaries of all the contributions to this special issue as well as a link to a bibliography of Danielewski criticism.

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Aurell, Jaume. "What is a Classic in History?" Journal of the Philosophy of History, 9 de março de 2021, 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18722636-12341454.

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Abstract What is the classic in history? What is a classic in historical writing? Very few historians and critics have addressed these questions, and when they have done so, it has been only in a cursory manner. These are queries that require some explanation regarding historical texts because of their peculiar ambivalence between science and art, content and form, sources and imagination, scientific and narrative language. Based on some examples of the Western historiographical tradition, I discuss in this article to what extent historians should engage the concept of the classic – as has been done for literary texts. If one assumes that the historical text is not only a referential account but also a narrative analogous to literary texts, then the concept of the classic becomes one of the keys for understanding the historical text – and may improve our understanding not only of historiography, but of history itself. I will argue in this article that it is possible to identify a category of the classic text in some historical writings, precisely because of the literarity they possess without losing their specific historical condition. Because of their narrative condition, historical texts share some of the features assigned to literary texts – that is, endurance, timelessness, universal meaningfulness, resistance to historical criticism, susceptibility to multiple interpretations, and ability to function as models. Yet, since historical texts do not construct imaginary worlds but reflect external realities, they also have to achieve some specific features according to this referential content – that is, surplus of meaning, historical use of metaphors, effect of contemporaneity without damaging the pastness of the past, and a certain appropriation of literariness. Without seeking to be normative or systematic, this article focuses on some specific features of the historical classic, offering a series of reflections to open rather than try to close a debate on this complex topic.

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Triantafyllou, Angelos. "Debord et Jouffroy, alliés en instance de poésie". New Readings 19 (9 de outubro de 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.18573/newreadings.141.

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Alain Jouffroy and Guy Debord belong to the same generation, "attracted" by suicide and revolution, being in touch with surrealism and the Marxist movement(s) of May 68. Jouffroy never became a member of the Situationist group, but in the frame of "Poetry of real-life" he wrote the poems that the Situationists refused to produce. His poetry had a grasp of the everyday situations/meetings, by criticizing the capitalist society, and overcoming the very notion of poetry without abandoning the poetic means, proving, thus, that criticism of capitalism and criticism of poetry are both compatible with poetry itself. Jouffroy applies sabotage and guerilla war methods—as well as Situationist methods such as the textual-détournement—on his own texts to provoke a poetic-language revolution. Situationnists used to criticize Jouffroy's views. All the same, by publishing Revolutionary Individualism, Jouffroy enters into virtual dialogue with Debord, mainly, on The Society of the Spectacle. Jouffroy discusses Situationist topics including textual-détournement and the overcoming/abolition of art. In his Trans-paradis-express poetry collection, he stages his imaginary meeting with Debord and Ducasse. Finally, he inverts the course of history, officializes his alliance with Debord by establishing him as ``the poet of Paris'', an image that emerges from Debord's own films, life and autobiographical works. He inscribes Debord's project in his own poetical and revolutionary project: Revolutionary Individualism and the "Poetry of real-life". In this way, he justifies Debord's work as well as his own.

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Místecký, Michal, e Tomi S. Melka. "Literary “higher dimensions” quantified: a stylometric study of nine stories". Glottotheory, 27 de setembro de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/glot-2021-2021.

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Abstract The study will focus on the quantitative assessment of nine stories, considered important contributions in the supernatural and in the early and modern science-fiction prose. Besides the two treatments of the topic of imaginary Flatland – penned by E. A. Abbott and C. H. Hinton –, the corpus includes writings by H. G. Wells, A. Blackwood, M. Leinster, G. Waldeyer, R. A. Heinlein, L. Padgett, and A. C. Clarke. Texts are researched on the bases of four analyses (moving-average type-token ratio, average tokens length, Busemann’s coefficient, and collocation associativity), with the results tested for statistical significance; next, the textual comparisons will provide a springboard for sketches of literary criticism interpretations. The analyzed corpus has revealed the distinctive and colorful take writers have in their stories. By the nature of their subject, the texts are expected to share higher dimensions and time warps, a thread implying a meeting point in terms of vocabulary richness, plot development, and possibly of narrative structure. Yet, in most cases, the findings suggest basic and nuanced differences, hinting at clear stylistic physiognomies in the authorship. The outcome affects not only the assessment of the weight individual samples have, but also the interface between a common (sub)genre and personal style.

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Bächtold, Matteo. "A Syphilis-Giving God? On the Interpretation of the Philistine’s Scourge". Open Cultural Studies 8, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/culture-2022-0196.

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Abstract To understand a text, or any other form of art work, as referring to a disease is not always obvious. This uncertainty, although confined to rare cases, nevertheless allows us to explore the limits and blind spots of certain frameworks proposed to think about the relationship between art and disease, notably Susan Sontag’s book Ilness as metaphor. In this article, I take a closer look at the calamity described in chapters 5 and 6 of the first book of Samuel and its various exegeses in the Western World. This calamity (still considered by many to be a bubonic plague), was not associated with the pandemic imaginary by ancient commentators, artists, and doctors, and it is only in modern times that medical diagnoses of the text change in this sense. I propose to see that these seemingly innocuous changes in diagnostic interpretations actually reflect deep changes in the relation between illness and divine agency. After a brief critical review of Susan Sontag’s writings on interpretation and their relationship to Ilness as Metaphor, I will proceed to trace the complex interpretation history of this calamity, before drawing observations about the place of interpretation in literary criticism and in the medical sciences.

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Brusotti, Marco. "Ethnologische Betrachtungsweisen: Wittgenstein, Frazer, Sraffa". Wittgenstein-Studien 7, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/witt-2016-0105.

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AbstractThe late Wittgenstein is reported as saying that he owes his ‘anthropological approach’ to Piero Sraffa. In February 1932, however, Wittgenstein reproaches the Italian economist with misunderstandings similar to those he had criticized in the work of the Scottish anthropologist James Frazer six months before. According to a well-known anecdote, a gesture of Sraffa’s had a momentous influence onWittgenstein’s philosophical development.The ‘grammar of gestures’ elaborated by him in the early 1930s is an attempt to answer questions such as those raised by his friend’s Neapolitan gesture. There is a substantial difference between what the late Wittgenstein calls his ‘ethnological way of looking’ and the stance he had adopted in his early criticism of Frazer’s Golden Bough in June/July 1931. In February 1932,Wittgenstein replied to Sraffa’s objections with arguments similar to those he had already raised against Frazer’s very different method. Sraffa pushed Wittgenstein to adopt natural history and to transform his philosophy into an empirical approach. However, in the early 1930s Wittgenstein refused to do either. In order to learn how to look at philosophical problems with an ‘anthropological’ eye from Sraffa, he will need to learn, against Sraffa, not to reduce philosophy to anthropology (natural history). Years later,Wittgenstein still insists on the contrast he had marked between himself and Sraffa: Using imaginary scenarios he intends to show how a superficial analogy can mislead us to mistaking institutions, having an entirelydifferent nature, for economic systems - resulting in them seeming ‘irrational’, ‘unlogical’.

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Brennan, Claire. "Australia's Northern Safari". M/C Journal 20, n.º 6 (31 de dezembro de 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.1285.

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IntroductionFilmed during a 1955 family trip from Perth to the Gulf of Carpentaria, Keith Adams’s Northern Safari showed to packed houses across Australia, and in some overseas locations, across three decades. Essentially a home movie, initially accompanied by live commentary and subsequently by a homemade sound track, it tapped into audiences’ sense of Australia’s north as a place of adventure. In the film Adams interacts with the animals of northern Australia (often by killing them), and while by 1971 the violence apparent in the film was attracting criticism in letters to newspapers, the film remained popular through to the mid-1980s, and was later shown on television in Australia and the United States (Cowan 2; Adams, Crocodile Safari Man 261). A DVD is at present available for purchase from the website of the same name (Northern Safari). Adams and his supporters credited the film’s success to the rugged and adventurous landscape of northern Australia (Northeast vii), characterised by dangerous animals, including venomous spiders, sharks and crocodiles (see Adams, “Aussie”; “Crocodile”). The notion of Australia’s north as a place of rugged adventure was not born with Adams’s film, and that film was certainly not the last production to exploit the region and its wildlife as a source of excitement. Rather, Northern Safari belongs to a long list of adventure narratives whose hunting exploits have helped define the north of Australian as a distinct region and contrast it with the temperate south where most Australians make their lives.This article explores the connection between adventure in Australia’s north and the large animals of the region. Adams’s film capitalised on popular interest in natural history, but his film is only one link in a chain of representations of the Australian north as a place of dangerous and charismatic megafauna. While over time interest shifted from being largely concentrated on the presence of buffalo in the Northern Territory to a fascination with the saltwater crocodiles found more widely in northern Australia that interest in dangerous prey animals is significant to Australia’s northern imaginary.The Northern Safari before AdamsNorthern Australia gained a reputation for rugged, masculine adventure long before the arrival there of Adams and his cameras. That reputation was closely associated with the animals of the north, and it is generally the dangerous species that have inspired popular accounts of the region. Linda Thompson has recognised that before the release of the film Crocodile Dundee in 1986 crocodiles “received significant and sensational (although sporadic) media attention across Australia—attention that created associations of danger, mystery, and abnormality” (118). While Thompson went on to argue that in the wake of Crocodile Dundee the saltwater crocodile became a widely recognised symbol of Australia (for both Australians and non-Australians) it is perhaps more pertinent to consider the place of animals in creating a notion of the Australian north.Adams’s extended and international success (he showed his film profitably in the United States, Canada, England, Germany, South Africa, Rhodesia, and New Zealand as well as throughout Australia) suggests that the landscape and wildlife of northern Australia holds a fascination for a wide audience (Adams, Crocodile Safari Man 169-261). Certainly northern Australia, and its wild beasts, had established a reputation for adventure earlier, particularly in the periods following the world wars. Perhaps crocodiles were not the most significant of the north’s charismatic megafauna in the first half of the twentieth century, but their presence was a source of excitement well before the 1980s, and they were not the only animals in the north to attract attention: the Northern Territory’s buffalo had long acted as a drawcard for adventure seekers.Carl Warburton’s popular book Buffaloes was typical in linking Australians’ experiences of war with the Australian north and the pursuit of adventure, generally in the form of dangerous big game. War and hunting have long been linked as both are expressions of masculine valour in physically dangerous circumstances (Brennan “Imperial” 44-46). That link is made very clear in Warbuton’s account when he begins it on the beach at Gallipoli as he and his comrades discuss their plans for the future. After Warburton announces his determination not to return from war to work in a bank, he and a friend determine that they will go to either Brazil or the Northern Territory to seek adventure (2). Back in Sydney, a coin flip determines their “compass was set for the unknown north” (5).As the title of his book suggests, the game pursued by Warburton and his mate were buffaloes, as buffalo hides were fetching high prices when he set out for the north. In his writing Warburton was keen to establish his reputation as an adventurer and his descriptions of the dangers of buffalo hunting used the animals to establish the adventurous credentials of northern Australia. Warburton noted of the buffalo that: “Alone of all wild animals he will attack unprovoked, and in single combat is more than a match for a tiger. It is the pleasant pastime of some Indian princes to stage such combats for the entertainment of their guests” (62-63). Thereby, he linked Arnhem Land to India, a place that had long held a reputation as a site of adventurous hunting for the rulers of the British Empire (Brennan “Africa” 399). Later Warburton reinforced those credentials by noting: “there is no more dangerous animal in the world than a wounded buffalo bull” (126). While buffalo might have provided the headline act, crocodiles also featured in the interwar northern imaginary. Warburton recorded: “I had always determined to have a crack at the crocodiles for the sport of it.” He duly set about sating this desire (222-3).Buffalo had been hunted commercially in the Northern Territory since 1886 and Warburton was not the first to publicise the adventurous hunting available in northern Australia (Clinch 21-23). He had been drawn north after reading “of the exploits of two crack buffalo shooters, Fred Smith and Paddy Cahill” (Warburton 6). Such accounts of buffalo, and also of crocodiles, were common newspaper fodder in the first half of the twentieth century. Even earlier, explorers’ accounts had drawn attention to the animal excitement of northern Australia. For example, John Lort Stokes had noted ‘alligators’ as one of the many interesting animals inhabiting the region (418). Thus, from the nineteenth century Australia’s north had popularly linked together remoteness, adventure, and large animals; it was unsurprising that Warburton in turn acted as inspiration to later adventure-hunters in northern Australia. In 1954 he was mentioned in a newspaper story about two English migrants who had come to Australia to shoot crocodiles on Cape York with “their ambitions fed by the books of men such as Ion Idriess, Carl Warburton, Frank Clune and others” (Gay 15).The Development of Northern ‘Adventure’ TourismNot all who sought adventure in northern Australia were as independent as Adams. Cynthia Nolan’s account of travel through outback Australia in the late 1940s noted the increasing tourist infrastructure available, particularly in her account of Alice Springs (27-28, 45). She also recorded the significance of big game in the lure of the north. At the start of her journey she met a man seeking his fortune crocodile shooting (16), later encountered buffalo shooters (82), and recorded the locals’ hilarity while recounting a visit by a city-based big game hunter who arrived with an elephant gun. According to her informants: “No, he didn’t shoot any buffaloes, but he had his picture taken posing behind every animal that dropped. He’d arrange himself in a crouch, gun at the ready, and take self-exposure shots of himself and trophy” (85-86). Earlier, organised tours of the Northern Territory included buffalo shooter camps in their itineraries (when access was available), making clear the continuing significance of dangerous game to the northern imaginary (Cole, Hell 207). Even as Adams was pursuing his independent path north, tourist infrastructure was bringing the northern Australian safari experience within reach for those with little experience but sufficient funds to secure the provision of equipment, vehicles and expert advice. The Australian Crocodile Shooters’ Club, founded in 1950, predated Northern Safari, but it tapped into the same interest in the potential of northern Australia to offer adventure. It clearly associated that adventure with big game hunting and the club’s success depended on its marketing of the adventurous north to Australia’s urban population (Brennan “Africa” 403-06). Similarly, the safari camps which developed in the Northern Territory, starting with Nourlangie in 1959, promoted the adventure available in Australia’s north to those who sought to visit without necessarily roughing it. The degree of luxury that was on offer initially is questionable, but the notion of Australia’s north as a big game hunting destination supported the development of an Australian safari industry (Berzins 177-80, Brennan “Africa” 407-09). Safari entrepreneur Allan Stewart has eagerly testified to the broad appeal of the safari experience in 1960s Australia, claiming his clientele included accountants, barristers, barmaids, brokers, bankers, salesmen, journalists, actors, students, nursing sisters, doctors, clergymen, soldiers, pilots, yachtsmen, racing drivers, company directors, housewives, precocious children, air hostesses, policemen and jockeys (18).Later Additions to the Imaginary of the Northern SafariAdams’s film was made in 1955, and its subject of adventurous travel and hunting in northern Australia was taken up by a number of books during the 1960s as publishers kept the link between large game and the adventurous north alive. New Zealand author Barry Crump contributed a fictionalised account of his time hunting crocodiles in northern Australia in Gulf, first published in 1964. Crump displayed his trademark humour throughout his book, and made a running joke of the ‘best professional crocodile-shooters’ that he encountered in pubs throughout northern Australia (28-29). Certainly, the possibility of adventure and the chance to make a living as a professional hunter lured men to the north. Among those who came was Australian journalist Keith Willey who in 1966 published an account of his time crocodile hunting. Willey promoted the north as a site of adventure and rugged masculinity. On the very first page of his book he established his credentials by advising that “Hunting crocodiles is a hard trade; hard, dirty and dangerous; but mostly hard” (1). Although Willey’s book reveals that he did not make his fortune crocodile hunting he evidently revelled in its adventurous mystique and his book was sufficiently successful to be republished by Rigby in 1977. The association between the Australian north, the hunting of large animals, and adventure continued to thrive.These 1960s crocodile publications represent a period when crocodile hunting replaced buffalo hunting as a commercial enterprise in northern Australia. In the immediate post-war period crocodile skins increased in value as traditional sources became unreliable, and interest in professional hunting increased. As had been the case with Warburton, the north promised adventure to men unwilling to return to domesticity after their experiences of war (Brennan, “Crocodile” 1). This part of the northern imaginary was directly discussed by another crocodile hunting author. Gunther Bahnemann spent some time crocodile hunting in Australia before moving his operation north to poach crocodiles in Dutch New Guinea. Bahnemann had participated in the Second World War and in his book he was clear about his unwillingness to settle for a humdrum life, instead choosing crocodile hunting for his profession. As he described it: “We risked our lives to make quick money, but not easy money; yet I believe that the allure of adventure was the main motive of our expedition. It seems so now, when I think back to it” (8).In the tradition of Adams, Malcolm Douglas released his documentary film Across the Top in 1968, which was subsequently serialised for television. From around this time, television was becoming an increasingly popular medium and means of reinforcing the connection between the Australian outback and adventure. The animals of northern Australia played a role in setting the region apart from the rest of the continent. The 1970s and 1980s saw a boom in programs that presented the outback, including the north, as a source of interest and national pride. In this period Harry Butler presented In the Wild, while the Leyland brothers (Mike and Mal) created their iconic and highly popular Ask the Leyland Brothers (and similar productions) which ran to over 150 episodes between 1976 and 1980. In the cinema, Alby Mangels’s series of World Safari movies included Australia in his wide-ranging adventures. While these documentaries of outback Australia traded on the same sense of adventure and fascination with Australia’s wildlife that had promoted Northern Safari, the element of big game hunting was muted.That link was reforged in the 1980s and 1990s. Crocodile Dundee was an extremely successful movie and it again placed interactions with charismatic megafauna at the heart of the northern Australian experience (Thompson 124). The success of the film reinvigorated depictions of northern Australia as a place to encounter dangerous beasts. Capitalising on the film’s success Crump’s book was republished as Crocodile Country in 1990, and Tom Cole’s memoirs of his time in northern Australia, including his work buffalo shooting and crocodile hunting, were first published in 1986, 1988, and 1992 (and reprinted multiple times). However, Steve Irwin is probably the best known of northern Australia’s ‘crocodile hunters’, despite his Australia Zoo lying outside the crocodile’s natural range, and despite being a conservationist opposed to killing crocodiles. Irwin’s chosen moniker is ironic, given his often-stated love for the species and his commitment to preserving crocodile lives through relocating (when necessary, to captivity) rather than killing problem animals. He first appeared on Australian television in 1996, and continued to appear regularly until his death in 2006.Tourism Australia used both Hogan and Irwin for promotional purposes. While Thompson argues that at this time the significance of the crocodile was broadened to encompass Australia more generally, the examples of crocodile marketing that she lists relate to the Northern Territory, with a brief mention of Far North Queensland and the crocodile remained a signifier of northern adventure (Thompson 125-27). The depiction of Irwin as a ‘crocodile hunter’ despite his commitment to saving crocodile lives marked a larger shift that had already begun within the safari. While the title ‘safari’ retained its popularity in the late twentieth century it had come to be applied generally to organised adventurous travel with a view to seeing and capturing images of animals, rather than exclusively identifying hunting expeditions.ConclusionThe extraordinary success of Adams’s film was based on a widespread understanding of northern Australia as a type of adventure playground, populated by fascinating dangerous beasts. That imaginary was exploited but not created by Adams. It had been in existence since the nineteenth century, was particularly evident during the buffalo and crocodile hunting bubbles after the world wars, and boomed again with the popularity of the fictional Mick Dundee and the real Steve Irwin, for both of whom interacting with the charismatic megafauna of the north was central to their characters. The excitement surrounding large game still influences visions of northern Australia. At present there is no particularly striking northern bushman media personage, but the large animals of the north still regularly provoke discussion. The north’s safari camps continue to do business, trading on the availability of large game (particularly buffalo, banteng, pigs, and samba) and northern Australia’s crocodiles have established themselves as a significant source of interest among international big game hunters. Australia’s politicians regularly debate the possibility of legalising a limited crocodile safari in Australia, based on the culling of problem animals, and that debate highlights a continuing sense of Australia’s north as a place apart from the more settled, civilised south of the continent.ReferencesAdams, Keith. ’Aussie Bites.’ Australian Screen 2017. <https://aso.gov.au/titles/documentaries/northern-safari/clip2/>.———. ‘Crocodile Hunting.’ Australian Screen 2017. <https://aso.gov.au/titles/documentaries/northern-safari/clip3/>.———. Crocodile Safari Man: My Tasmanian Childhood in the Great Depression & 50 Years of Desert Safari to the Gulf of Carpentaria 1949-1999. Rockhampton: Central Queensland University Press, 2000.Bahnemann, Gunther. New Guinea Crocodile Poacher. 2nd ed. London: The Adventurers Club, 1965.Berzins, Baiba. Australia’s Northern Secret: Tourism in the Northern Territory, 1920s to 1980s. Sydney: Baiba Berzins, 2007.Brennan, Claire. "’An Africa on Your Own Front Door Step’: The Development of an Australian Safari.” Journal of Australian Studies 39.3 (2015): 396-410.———. “Crocodile Hunting.” Queensland Historical Atlas (2013): 1-3.———. "Imperial Game: A History of Hunting, Society, Exotic Species and the Environment in New Zealand and Victoria 1840-1901." Dissertation. Melbourne: University of Melbourne, 2005.Clinch, M.A. “Home on the Range: The Role of the Buffalo in the Northern Territory, 1824–1920.” Northern Perspective 11.2 (1988): 16-27.Cole, Tom. Crocodiles and Other Characters. Chippendale, NSW: Sun Australia, 1992.———. Hell West and Crooked. Sydney: Angus and Robertson, 1990.———. Riding the Wildman Plains: The Letters and Diaries of Tom Cole 1923-1943. Sydney: Pan Macmillan, 1992.———. Spears & Smoke Signals: Exciting True Tales by a Buffalo & Croc Shooter. Casuarina, NT: Adventure Pub., 1986.Cowan, Adam. Letter. “A Feeling of Disgust.” Canberra Times 12 Mar. 1971: 2.Crocodile Dundee. Dir. Peter Faiman. Paramount Pictures, 1986.Crump, Barry. Gulf. Wellington: A.H. & A.W. Reed, 1964.Gay, Edward. “Adventure. Tally-ho after Cape York Crocodiles.” The World’s News (Sydney), 27 Feb. 1954: 15.Nolan, Cynthia. Outback. London: Methuen & Co, 1962.Northeast, Brian. Preface. Crocodile Safari Man: My Tasmanian Childhood in the Great Depression & 50 Years of Desert Safari to the Gulf of Carpentaria 1949-1999. By Keith Adams. Rockhampton: Central Queensland University Press, 2000. vi-viii.Northern Safari. Dir. Keith Adams. Keith Adams, 1956.Northern Safari. n.d. <http://northernsafari.com/>.Stewart, Allan. The Green Eyes Are Buffaloes. Melbourne: Lansdown, 1969.Stokes, John Lort. Discoveries in Australia: With an Account of the Coasts and Rivers Explored and Surveyed during the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle in the Years 1837-38-39-40-41-42-43. By Command of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, Also a Narrative of Captain Owen Stanley's Visits to the Islands in the Arafura Sea. London: T. and W. Boone, 1846.Thompson, Linda. “’You Call That a Knife?’ The Crocodile as a Symbol of Australia”. New Voices, New Visions: Challenging Australian Identities and Legacies. Eds. Catriona Elder and Keith Moore. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars, 2012: 118-134.Warburton, Carl. Buffaloes: Adventure and Discovery in Arnhem Land. Sydney: Angus & Robertson Ltd, 1934.Willey, Keith. Crocodile Hunt. Brisbane: Jacaranda Press, 1966.

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Paniotova, Taisia, e Maxim Romanenko. "The Skill of Imagining the Future: The Utopian Dimension of Soviet Revolutionary Festivities". Quaestio Rossica 10, n.º 2 (21 de junho de 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/qr.2022.2.689.

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This paper considers revolutionary festivities as one of the main manifestations of the Soviet culture of the 1917–1920s. Festivals varied in types and forms (mainly mass performances) and came to make part of the space of utopias in the first post-revolutionary decade. In this context, utopia is regarded as a cultural form of the sensual and rational comprehension of social reality. It produces ideas about happiness and harmony in response to the eternal human need both to foresee the future and to model it. According to recent findings in utopian studies (Ernst Bloch, Frederic Jameson, etc.), a utopia is articulated not in the form of literary texts containing the ideal blueprints of a new social order, but in the form of various intentions that contain the ability and skill to wish for the best, create alternative projects of the future, and criticise what hinders its achievement. Revolutionary festivities are interpreted as a set of value-based cultural practices – iconic actions and artifacts associated with memorable events, outstanding personalities, and special ceremonials. The use of the method of imaginary reconstitution of society (IROS) by Ruth Levitas and the model of a revolutionary festival constructed by Mona Ozouf as a theoretical tool make it possible to reconstruct the utopian dimension of Soviet revolutionary festivities. The festival chronotype is analysed through the prism of three modes of utopia as a method: archaeological, ontological, and architectural. There are interacting strategies or techniques – defamiliarisation, criticism, creating an alternative, and experiencing it – that work on the coherent image of a positive future. The research optics constructed in this way make it possible to reveal why, in the absence of holistic pictures of the future, revolutionary festivities nevertheless involved participants in forming a new political, social, and cultural order, as well as legitimising the revolution. The article refers to the description of the festivities in the publications of contemporaries of that epoch, i. e., authors (A. Piotrovsky) and critics (O. Tsekhnovitser, N. Shubsky et al.).

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