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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Visible and infrared photoinitiators"

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Noirbent, Guillaume, Yangyang Xu, Aude-Héloise Bonardi, Sylvain Duval, Didier Gigmes, Jacques Lalevée e Frédéric Dumur. "New Donor-Acceptor Stenhouse Adducts as Visible and Near Infrared Light Polymerization Photoinitiators". Molecules 25, n.º 10 (15 de maio de 2020): 2317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25102317.

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Polymerization photoinitiators that can be activated under low light intensity and in the visible range are being pursued by both the academic and industrial communities. To efficiently harvest light and initiate a polymerization process, dyes with high molar extinction coefficients in the visible range are ideal candidates. In this field, Donor-acceptor Stenhouse Adducts (DASA) which belong to a class of recently discovered organic photochromic molecules still lack practical applications. In this work, a series of DASA-based dyes are proposed as photoinitiators for the free radical polymerization of (meth)acrylates upon exposure to a near infrared light (laser diode at 785 nm).
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Bouchikhi, Nouria, Manel Bouazza, Salah Hamri, Ulrich Maschke, Djahida Lerari, Faycal Dergal, Khaldoun Bachari e Lamia Bedjaoui-Alachaher. "Photo-curing kinetics of hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA): synergetic effect of dye/amine photoinitiator systems". International Journal of Industrial Chemistry 11, n.º 1 (17 de dezembro de 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40090-019-00197-7.

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AbstractThe aim of this study is to examine and evaluate several dye/amine systems as photoinitiators for photopolymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) monomer under visible light conditions. For this purpose, a series of dye/amine photoinitiators were formed using methylene blue (MB) or acridine orange (AO) as photosensitizers, and triethanolamine (TEOA), ethyl 4-(dimethylamino) benzoate (EDMAB), trioctylamine (TOA), and N,N-diméthylallylamine (DMAA) as co-initiators. The photopolymerization kinetic of the HEA monomer in the presence of proposed dye/amine systems was performed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis and the synergetic effect of the dye/amine photoinitiators systems on the photopolymerization efficiency was examined. Interestingly, (MB/EDMAB) system shows the better reactivity with a total conversion of HEA monomer.
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Hola, Emilia, Maciej Pilch e Joanna Ortyl. "Thioxanthone Derivatives as a New Class of Organic Photocatalysts for Photopolymerisation Processes and the 3D Printing of Photocurable Resins under Visible Light". Catalysts 10, n.º 8 (8 de agosto de 2020): 903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10080903.

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In the present paper, novel thioxanthone-based compounds were synthesised and evaluated as a component of photoredox catalysts/photoinitiating systems for the free-radical polymerisation (FRP) of acrylates and the ring-opening cationic polymerisation (CP) of epoxy monomers. The performance of the obtained thioxanthones in two- and three-component photoinitiating systems, in combination with amines, iodonium or sulphonium salt, as well as with alkyl halide, for photopolymerisation processes upon exposure to light emitting diodes (LEDs) with a maximum emission of 405 nm and 420 nm, was investigated. The studied compounds act also as one-component free-radical photoinitiators. Fourier transform real-time infrared spectroscopy was used to monitor the kinetics of disappearance of the functional groups of the monomers during photoinitiated polymerisation. Excellent photoinitiating efficiency and high final conversions of functional groups were observed. Moreover, the influence of thioxanthone skeleton substitution on photoinitiating efficiency was discussed. The photochemical mechanism was also investigated through cyclic voltammetry. It was discovered that thioxanthone derivatives can be used as a metal-free photoredox catalyst active for both oxidative and reductive cycles. Furthermore, a photopolymerizable system based on novel thioxanthone derivatives in a stereolithography three-dimensional (3D) printing technology under visible sources of light was used. The effects of photoinitiator type system and monomer type in photoresins during 3D printing processes were explored. The outcome of this research is the development of high-performance visible photosensitive resins with improved photosensitivity obtained thanks to the development of entirely novel photoinitiating systems specifically adapted for this application.
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Rahal, Mahmoud, Haifaa Mokbel, Bernadette Graff, Joumana Toufaily, Tayssir Hamieh, Frédéric Dumur e Jacques Lalevée. "Mono vs. Difunctional Coumarin as Photoinitiators in Photocomposite Synthesis and 3D Printing". Catalysts 10, n.º 10 (17 de outubro de 2020): 1202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10101202.

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This work is devoted to investigate three coumarin derivatives (Coum1, Coum2, and Coum3), proposed as new photoinitiators of polymerization when combined with an additive, i.e., an iodonium salt, and used for the free radical polymerization (FRP) of acrylate monomers under mild irradiation conditions. The different coumarin derivatives can also be employed in three component photoinitiating systems with a Iod/amine (ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate (EDB) or N-phenylglycine (NPG)) couple for FRP upon irradiation with an LED @ 405 nm. These compounds showed excellent photoinitiating abilities, and high polymerization rates and final conversions (FC) were obtained. The originality of this work relies on the comparison of the photoinitiating abilities of monofunctional (Coum1 and Coum2) vs. difunctional (Coum3) compounds. Coum3 is a combined structure of Coum1 and Coum2, leading to a sterically hindered chemical structure with a relatively high molecular weight. As a general rule, a high molecular weight should reduce the migration of initiating molecules and favor photochemical properties such as photobleaching of the final polymer. As attempted, from the efficiency point of view, Coum3 can initiate the FRP, but a low reactivity was observed compared to the monofunctional compound (Coum1 and Coum2). Indeed, to study the photochemical and photophysical properties of these compounds, different parameters were taken into account, e.g., the light absorption and emission properties, steady state photolysis, and fluorescence quenching. To examine these different points, several techniques were used including UV-visible spectroscopy, real-time Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (RT-FTIR), fluorescence spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The photochemical mechanism involved in the polymerization process is also detailed. The best coumarins investigated in this work were used for laser writing (3D printing) experiments and also for photocomposite synthesis containing glass fibers.
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Fan, Shuheng, Xun Sun, Xianglong He, Yulian Pang, Yangyang Xin, Yanhua Ding e Yingquan Zou. "Coumarin Ketoxime Ester with Electron-Donating Substituents as Photoinitiators and Photosensitizers for Photopolymerization upon UV-Vis LED Irradiation". Polymers 14, n.º 21 (28 de outubro de 2022): 4588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14214588.

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High-performance photoinitiators (PIs) are essential for ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis) light emitting diode (LED) photopolymerization. In this study, a series of coumarin ketoxime esters (COXEs) with electron-donating substituents (tert-butyl, methoxy, dimethylamino and methylthio) were synthesized to study the structure/reactivity/efficiency relationships for substituents for the photoinitiation performance of PIs. The introduction of heteroatom electron-donating substituents leads to a redshift in the COXE absorption of more than 60 nm, which matches the UV-Vis LED emission spectra. The PIs also show acceptable thermal stability via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The results from real-time Fourier transform infrared (RT-FTIR) measurements indicate that COXEs show an excellent photoinitiation efficiency for free radical polymerization under UV-Vis LED irradiation (365–450 nm); in particular, the conversion efficiency for tri-(propylene glycol) diacrylate (TPGDA) polymerization initiated by COXE-O and COXE-S (4.8 × 10−5 mol·g–1) in 3 s can reach more than 85% under UV-LED irradiation (365, 385 nm). Moreover, the photosensitization of COXEs in the iodonium hexafluorophosphate (Iod-PF6) and hexaarylbiimidazole/N-phenylglycine (BCIM/NPG) systems was investigated via RT-FTIR. As a coinitiator, COXEs show excellent performance in dry film photoresist (DFR) photolithography. This excellent performance of COXEs demonstrates great potential for UV-curing and photoresist applications, providing a new idea for the design of PIs.
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Fu, Chang Qing, Zheng Yang, Zong Xiang Lu e Liang Shen. "Synthesis and Properties of a Castor Oil-Based UV-Oligomer Comprising of Side-Chain Benzophenone". Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (maio de 2013): 1628–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.1628.

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A castor oil-based UV-oligomer bearing benzophenone side chains (LU-5)was synthesis through two-step partial esterification reaction of polyacrylic acid with 4-hydroxy benzophenone and castor oil in the presence of N, N-diisopropyl carbodiimide and 4-(dimethylamino) pyridinium 4-toluenesulfonate(DPTS), then LU-5 was cured by UV irradiation with trimethylolpropane triacrylate(TMPTA) without any photoinitiator. The structure of the productions of the esterification reaction was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) and ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis), and the properties of UV cured polymer(FUV) has been studied. The results show that LU-5 has a certain light initiator activity, and it can be used as a macromolecular photoinitiator, the film of polymer has a certain degree of crosslinking.
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Tzeng, Jy-Jiunn, Yi-Ting Hsiao, Yun-Ching Wu, Hsuan Chen, Shyh-Yuan Lee e Yuan-Min Lin. "Synthesis, Characterization, and Visible Light Curing Capacity of Polycaprolactone Acrylate". BioMed Research International 2018 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8719624.

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Polycaprolactone (PCL) is drawing increasing attention in the field of medical 3D printing and tissue engineering because of its biodegradability. This study developed polycaprolactone prepolymers that can be cured using visible light. Three PCL acrylates were synthesized: polycaprolactone-530 diacrylate (PCL530DA), glycerol-3 caprolactone triacrylate (Glycerol-3CL-TA), and glycerol-6 caprolactone triacrylate (Glycerol-6CL-TA). PCL530DA has two acrylates, whereas Glycerol-3CL-TA and Glycerol-6CL-TA have three acrylates. The Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra suggested successful synthesis of all PCL acrylates. All are liquid at room temperature and can be photopolymerized into a transparent solid after exposure to 470 nm blue LED light using 1% camphorquinone as photoinitiator and 2% dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate as coinitiator. The degree of conversion for all PCL acrylates can reach more than 80% after 1 min of curing. The compressive modulus of PCL530DA, Glycerol-3CL-TA, and Glycerol-6CL-TA is 65.7±12.7, 80.9±6.1, and 32.1±4.1 MPa, respectively, and their compressive strength is 5.3±0.29, 8.3±0.18, and 3.0±0.53 MPa, respectively. Thus, all PCL acrylates synthesized in this study can be photopolymerized and because of their solid structure and low viscosity, they are applicable to soft tissue engineering and medical 3D printing.
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Zhang, Huiyuan, Hongxing Zhang, Wenchao Zhu, Hailing Xi, Bomou Ma e Yong He. "A Sprayable and Visible Light Rapid-Cured Strippable Film for Surface Radioactive Decontamination". Polymers 14, n.º 5 (2 de março de 2022): 1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14051008.

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Strippable film is effective for removing radioactive contamination. However, it still has some limitations, such as the long curing time (about 30 min~24 h) and the requirement of organic solvents. To address these issues, we report a simple protocol to prepare strippable decontamination films using liquid polybutadiene (LPB) and tert-butyl acrylate (TBA) as the raw materials without solvent and using camphorquinone/ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate (CQ/EDB) as a photoinitiator, where the film was formed under household LED panel light or daylight irradiation for about 540 s. After a thorough study of viscosity, real-time Fourier transform infrared (RT-FTIR spectra), gel and volatile organic compound (VOC) contents, mechanical properties and decontamination efficiency, the optimum composition and curing conditions were determined for the decontamination strippable film. VOC content is as low as 12.7 ± 0.7% and the resultant strippable film exhibits good mechanical performances with a tensile strength of up to 5.4 ± 0.4 MPa and elongation of up to 66.6 ± 13%. Most important, the decontamination efficiencies of this strippable film for 133CsCl on glass, ceramic and metal surfaces reach up to 98.1%, 94.3% and 97.6%, respectively.
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Chibac-Scutaru, Andreea L., Viorica Podasca, Daniel Timpu e Violeta Melinte. "Comparative Study on the Influence of Noble Metal Nanoparticles (Ag, Au, Pd) on the Photocatalytic Activity of ZnO NPs Embedded in Renewable Castor Oil Polymer Matrices". Materials 13, n.º 16 (6 de agosto de 2020): 3468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13163468.

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Hybrid polymeric materials, due to the unique combination of properties that can be obtained by the convenient variation of organic and inorganic components, represent an attractive alternative for many applications, especially photocatalysis. Herein, we report the preparation of nanocomposite films containing functionalized ZnO nanoparticles, as well as in situ photogenerated noble metal nanoparticles (Ag, Au, Pd), for the achieving of materials with enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light. The flexible free-standing nanocomposite films were synthesized by photopolymerization of a monomer mixture (silane castor oil urethane dimethacrylate and polypropylene oxide urethane dimethacrylate) in the presence of a Irgacure 819 photoinitiator. The efficiency of ZnO NPs functionalization was established by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis, while the polymer composites were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to evidence the formation, size and distribution of the nanoparticles inside the photocrosslinked matrix. To establish the photocatalytic capacity of nanocomposite films, the decomposition of various pollutants (methyl orange, phenol, metronidazole) was monitored under visible light irradiation, the best results being obtained for Au/ZnO film. Also, the advantage of immobilizing the catalysts in a polymeric support and its recycling ability without a significant decrease in photocatalytic efficiency was analysed.
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Lazauskas, Algirdas, Dalius Jucius, Valentinas Baltrušaitis, Rimantas Gudaitis, Igoris Prosyčevas, Brigita Abakevičienė, Asta Guobienė, Mindaugas Andrulevičius e Viktoras Grigaliūnas. "Shape-Memory Assisted Scratch-Healing of Transparent Thiol-Ene Coatings". Materials 12, n.º 3 (4 de fevereiro de 2019): 482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12030482.

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A photopolymerizable thiol-ene composition was prepared as a mixture of pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate) (PETMP) and 1,3,5-triallyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione (TTT), with 1 wt. % of 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPA) photoinitiator. A systematic analytical analysis that investigated the crosslinked PETMP-TTT polymer coatings employed Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, pencil hardness, thermo-mechanical cyclic tensile, scratch testing, and atomic force microscopy. These coatings exhibited high optical transparency and shape-memory that assisted scratch-healing properties. Scratches produced on the PETMP-TTT polymer coatings with different constant loadings (1.2 N, 1.5 N, and 2.7 N) were completely healed after the external stimulus was applied. The strain recovery ratio and total strain recovery ratio for PETMP-TTT polymer were found to be better than 94 ± 1% and 97 ± 1%, respectively. The crosslinked PETMP-TTT polymer network was also capable of initiating scratch recovery at ambient temperature conditions.
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Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Visible and infrared photoinitiators"

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Noirbent, Guillaume. "Nouveaux systèmes d'amorçage radicalaire : la catalyse photoredox comme nouvelle stratégie pour la synthèse de polymère". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0359.

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Ces dernières années, la photopolymérisation a fait l'objet d'intenses efforts de recherche en raison de la croissance constante des applications industrielles. C’est un processus rapide pouvant être réalisée à température ambiante, sans solvant et permettant d'obtenir un contrôle spatial et temporel de la polymérisation. Ces dernières années, l'utilisation de conditions d'irradiation douce qui constitue une alternative aux procédés de photopolymérisation UV à l'origine de nombreux soucis de sécurité est activement recherchée. Par conséquent, le développement de nouveaux systèmes photoamorceurs absorbant fortement dans la région visible ou du proche infra-rouge sont activement recherchés par les communautés académiques et industrielles. Néanmoins, même si certains résultats sont prometteurs, les systèmes reportés sont souvent caractérisés par des réactivités modérées et rivalisent difficilement avec les systèmes UV actuels. Dans ce contexte, nous avons synthétisé une large librairie de molécules photosensibles capables d’absorber la lumière dans le domaine du visible ou du proche infrarouge et capables d’amorcer une réaction de polymérisation avec un système photoamorceur basée sur la catalyse photoredox. Dans ce manuscrit, nous présentons aussi bien la synthèse et les capacités de polymérisation de différentes familles de colorants. Leurs propriétés photochimiques ont également été étudiées par spectrométrie UV-visible, luminescence, photolyse, surveillance de la température et expériences de résonance paramagnétique électronique. Des applications telles que l'impression 3D et les expériences d'écriture laser sont également présentées
In recent years, photopolymerization has been the subject of intense research efforts due to the constant growth of industrial applications. It is a quick process that can be performed at room temperature, solvent-free conditions and enables to get a spatial and a temporal control of the polymerization process. In recent years, the use of irradiation conditions that constitutes an alternative to the UV photopolymerization processes at the origin of numerous safety concerns are actively researched. Therefore, the development of new photoinitiating systems which absorb strongly in the visible or near infrared region are actively researched by both the academic and industrial communities. Nevertheless, even if some results are promising, the reported systems are often characterized by moderate reactivities and hardly compete with current UV systems. In this context, we have synthesized a large library of photosensitive molecules capable of absorbing light in the visible or near infrared range and capable of initiating a polymerization reaction with a photoinitiating system based on photoredox catalysis. In this manuscript, we present both the synthesis and the polymerization abilities of different families of dyes. Their photochemical properties were also studied by UV-Visible spectrometry, luminescence, photolysis, temperature monitoring and electronic paramagnetic resonance experiments. Applications such as 3D printing and laser write experiments are also presented
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Barrera, Campo Jos e. Fernando. "Multimodal Stereo from Thermal Infrared and Visible Spectrum". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/117596.

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Recientes avances en im agenes t ermicas (LWIR) han permitido su uso en aplicaciones m as all a del ambito militar. Actualmente, esta nueva familia de sensor esta siendo incluida en diversas aplicaciones tanto t ecnicas como cient cas. Este tipo de sensores facilitan tareas tales como: detecci on de peatones, puntos calientes, detecci on de cambios de temperatura, entre otros. Caracter sticas que pueden mejorar signi cativamente el desempeo de un sistema, especialmente cuando hay interacci on con humanos. Por ejemplo, aplicaciones de v deo vigilancia, detecci on de peatones, an alisis de postura. En esta tesis se plantea entre otras la siguiente pregunta de investigaci on: Podr a un par de sensores operando en diferentes bandas del espectro electromagn etico, como el visible e infrarrojo t ermico, proporciona informaci on de profundidad? Si bien es una cuesti on compleja, nosotros demostramos que un sistema de estas caracter sticas es posible. Adem as, de discutir sus posibles ventajas, desventajas y oportunidades potenciales. La fusi on y correspondencia de los datos procedentes de diferentes sensores, como las emisiones registradas en la banda visible e infrarroja, representa un reto atractivo, ya que se ha demostrado que aquellas se~nales est an d ebilmente correlacionadas. Por lo tanto, muchas t ecnicas tradicionales de procesamiento de im agenes y visi on por computadora son inadecuadas, requiriendo ajustes para su correcto funcionamiento. En esta investigaci on se realizo un estudio experimental comparando diferentes funciones de costos multimodal, y t ecnicas de correspondencia, a n de construir un sistema est ereo multimodal. Tambi en, se identi c o el problema com un entre est ereo visible/ visible y infrarrojo/visible, particularmente en ambientes al aire libre. Entre las contribuciones de esta tesis se encuentra; el aislamiento de las diferentes etapas que componen un sistema est ereo multimodal. Esta arquitectura es gen erica a diferentes niveles, tanto computacional, funcional y estructural, permitiendo su extensi on a esquemas mas complejos tales como fusi on de alto nivel (sem antica) y de orden superior (supuestos). El enfoque propuesto est a destinado a explorar nuevos m etodos de correspondencia est ereo, pasando de una soluci on escasa a una densas (tanto en disparidad como en mapas de profundidad). Adem as, se ha incluido informaci on de contexto en forma de asunciones y restricciones. Finalmente, esta disertaci on muestra un promisorio camino hacia la integraci on de m ultiples sensores.
Recent advances in thermal infrared imaging (LWIR) has allowed its use in applications beyond of military domain. Nowadays, this new sensor family is included in diverse technical and scienti c applications. They o er features that facilitate tasks, such as detection of pedestrians, hot spots, di erences in temperature, among others, which can signi cantly improve the performance of a system where the persons are expected to play the principal role. For instance, video surveillance applications, monitoring, and pedestrian detection. During this dissertation is stated the next question: Could a couple of sensors measuring di erent bands of the electromagnetic spectrum, as the visible and thermal infrared, provides depth information? Although is a complex question, we shows that a system of those characteristics is possible as well as their advantages, drawbacks, and potential opportunities. The fusion and matching of data coming from di erent sensors, as the emissions registered at visible and infrared band, represents a special challenge, because it has been showed that theses signals are weak correlated. Indeed, they are uncorrelated. Therefore, many traditional techniques of image processing and computer vision are not helpful, requiring adjustments for their correct performs in every modality. In this research is performed a experimental study that compares di erent cost functions and matching approaches, in order to build a multimodal stereo system. Furthermore, are identi ed the common problem between visible/visible and infrared/visible stereo, special in the outdoor scenes. A contribution of this dissertation is the isolation achieved, between the di erent stage that compose a multimodal stereo system. Our framework summarizes the architecture of a generic stereo algorithm, at di erent levels: computational, functional, and structural, which is successful because this can be extended toward high-level fusion (semantic) and high-order (prior). The proposed framework is intended to explore novel multimodal stereo matching approaches, going from sparse to dense representation (both disparity and depth maps). Moreover, context information is added in form of priors and assumptions. Finally, this dissertation shows a promissory way toward the integration of multiple sensors for recovering three-dimensional information.
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Etchart, Isabelle. "Metal oxides for efficient infrared to visible upconversion". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/238926.

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Upconversion phosphor materials are attracting considerable attention for their possible applications in solar cells with improved efficiency, nanomaterials for bio-imaging, lasers and novel display technologies. Upconversion materials, usually consisting of crystals dopedwith lanthanide ions, can convert low-energy incident radiation into higher energy emittedradiation. Several mechanisms are involved, including multiple photon absorption and energy transfers between dopants. Up to now, reported upconversion efficiencies have beenrelatively low, excitation thresholds quite high, and the investigated phosphors (generally fluorides) often presented poor chemical stability (hygroscopy), limiting their industrial applicability. In this dissertation, we investigate the upconversion luminescence characteristics of rareearth-doped RE2BaZnO5 (RE = Y, Gd) phosphors, for near-infrared to visible upconversion. Being oxides, these materials have good chemical, thermal and mechanical properties. A variety of dopants, including Yb3+, Er3+, Ho3+ and Tm3+, were embedded in the host lattice, resulting in bright red, green, blue and white light emissions under 980 nm excitation and at relatively low excitation powers. Upconversion efficiencies up to ~ 5.2%, 2.6%, 1.7% and 0.3% were respectively achieved in samples doped with Yb3+, Er3+ (green and red emission), Yb3+, Ho3+ (green emission), Yb3+, Tm3+ (blue and near-infrared emission) and Yb3+, Er3+, Tm3+ (white light emission). We believe that our green, red and white emitting systems are the most efficient upconverting samples reported to date for green, red and whitelight emission, which makes them serious candidates for many of the applications listed above. The upconversion mechanisms were determined for the first time by means of indepth steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic investigations, including concentration and power dependence studies associated with temperature-dependent lifetime measurements.
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Singh, Baljinder. "Visible and near-infrared spectroscopic analysis of potatoes". Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84074.

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The potential of different spectroscopic techniques for evaluating potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) quality was investigated. Spectral data in the wavelength range of 400-1750 nm were used to develop quality prediction models. The Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression was used for predicting the water content in potato samples. Water content was predicted with R2 ≥ 0.938.
A further study was conducted to find the best wavelengths for predicting water content using two methods, PLS and multiple linear regression. Wavelength ranges of 910-1020, 1129-1211, 1363-1403 nm were selected for samples without skin, while 700-900, 930-1050, 1100-1300, 1400-1550 nm were selected for samples with-skin. Weight prediction models were established using the predicted water content.
Visible spectroscopy was used for classifying shriveled and non-shriveled potatoes. The wavelength ranges best suited to such a classification were those of 442-452, 456-466, 641-651, and 684-694 nm, with accuracies as high as 94.28% and as low as 80%.
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Sarehraz, Mohammad. "Novel rectenna for collection of infrared and visible radiation". [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001124.

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Badioli, Michela. "Graphene optoelectronics from the visible to the mid-infrared". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/336097.

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Since its discovery in 2004, graphene, a one-atom-thick layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice, has attracted huge interest from the scientific community due to its extraordinary electronic, mechanical, and optical properties. While most of the earliest studies focused on electronic transport, in recent years the fields of graphene photonics and optoelectronics have thriven. The goal of this thesis is to explore the use of graphene for novel optoelectronic devices, adopting different approaches to enhance the electrically tunable graphene-light interaction in a broad spectral range, from the visible to the mid-infrared. This includes investigating the sub-wavelength interaction and energy transfer between a dipole and a graphene sheet, as well as working on efficient photodetection schemes. Indeed graphene high electronic mobility, broadband absorption, flexibility and tunable optoelectronic properties (described in Chapter 1) make it extremely appealing for the development of optoelectronic applications with new functionalities. Concerning the devices, the starting point of the experiments presented in the thesis are graphene field effect transistors of different geometries, whose fabrication and characterization techniques are described in Chapter 2. The tunability of the optoelectronic properties via control over the Fermi energy is an essential feature of the fabricated devices. The change in the Fermi level is achieved applying a voltage to a back-gate or a polymer electrolyte top-gate. We address both aspects at the core of optoelectronics, i.e. the control of optical properties with electric fields and the modification of electrical quantities, such as current, with light. Therefore the first part of the thesis (comprising Chapter 3, 4 and 5) is devoted to graphene nanophotonics and plasmonics, while the second part deals with graphene-based photodetection (Chapter 6, 7, 8 and 9). In Chapter 3, the main concepts at the basis of graphene nanophotonics are presented, such as the electrical tunability and the strong field confinement of the 2D plasmons, as well as the coupling of an optical emitter to graphene plasmons or electron-hole pair excitations. Then we present two experiments showing the control of light by means of static electric fields. In Chapter 4 we show the electrical control of the relaxation pathways of erbium ions in close proximity to a graphene sheet: the energy flow from the emitters is tuned to electron-hole pairs in graphene, to free space photons and to plasmons by changing the graphene Fermi level. In Chapter 5 we present the real-space imaging and tuning of highly confined graphene plasmons in the mid-infrared, launched by the dipole of a metallized s-SNOM tip (Chapter 5). In this case modifying the graphene Fermi level leads to a change in the plasmon wavelength. In Chapter 6 we review existing schemes for graphene photodetectors and the main mechanisms enabling photodetection with graphene, with particular emphasis toward the photothermoelectric effect. Then we present three cases where graphene photoresponse is enhanced exploiting the interaction with surrounding materials. A hybrid graphene-quantum dot photodetector in the visible and near-infrared is reported in Chapter 7: a photogating effect after light absorption in the quantum dots leads to extremely high responsivities (over one million A/W). In Chapter 8 we demonstrate how the excitation of bulk phonons of a polar substrate enhances the mid-infrared photocurrent via a photothermoelectric effect. Also substrate surface phonons, launched by illuminating a metal edge with light polarized perpendicularly to it, lead to an increase in the photoresponse, as described in Chapter 9. The results presented in this thesis open new avenues in the field of graphene-based optoelectronics for active nano-photonics and sensing.
Desde su descubrimiento en 2004, el grafeno, una sola capa átomos de carbono en un retículo hexagonal, ha atraído un gran interés de la comunidad científica debido a sus propiedades electrónicas, mecánicas y ópticas extraordinarias. Los primeros estudios se centraron en el transporte electrónico, pero en los últimos años estudios en el campo de la fotónica y de las propiedades optoelectrónicas del grafeno han suscitado un mayor interés. El objetivo de esta tesis es explorar el uso del grafeno para nuevos dispositivos optoelectrónicos, adoptando diferentes enfoques para mejorar la interacción del grafeno con la luz en un amplio rango espectral, desde el rango visible hasta el infrarrojo medio. Esto incluye la investigación de la interacción y la transferencia de energía entre un dipolo y una monocapa de grafeno cercana, así como trabajar en esquemas de fotodetección eficientes. La alta movilidad electrónica, la absorción de banda ancha, la flexibilidad y las propiedades optoelectrónicas sintonizables (véase Capítulo 1) hacen que el grafeno sea extremadamente atractivo para el desarrollo de aplicaciones optoelectrónicas con nuevas propiedades funcionalidades. En cuanto a los dispositivos, el punto de partida de los experimentos presentados en esta tesis son transistores de efecto de campo con diferentes geometrías, cuya fabricación y técnicas de caracterización se describen en el Capítulo 2. La capacidad de ajuste de las propiedades optoelectrónicas a través del control de la energía de Fermi es una característica esencial de los dispositivos, y se logra con la aplicación de un voltaje de puerta. Nos dirigimos a ambos aspectos a la base de la optoelectrónica, es decir, el control de las propiedades ópticas con campos eléctricos y la modificación de magnitudes eléctricas, como la corriente con la luz incidente. Por tanto, la primera parte de la tesis (Capítulos 3, 4 y 5) se dedica al estudio de la nanofotónica y plasmónica del grafeno, mientras que la segunda parte se ocupa de fotodetección basada en grafeno (Capítulos 6, 7, 8 y 9). En el Capítulo 3, se explican los principales conceptos del campo de la nanofotónica de grafeno, como la capacidad de ajuste eléctrico y el fuerte confinamiento de los plasmones 2D, así como el acoplamiento de un emisor óptico con los plasmones o pares electrón-hueco. Luego se presentan dos experimentos que muestran el control de la luz por medio de campos eléctricos estáticos. En el Capítulo 4 se muestra el control eléctrico de las vías de relajación de iones de erbio en las proximidades de una monocapa de grafeno: el flujo de energía a partir de los emisores se puede dirigir a pares electrón-hueco en el grafeno, a fotones y a plasmones cambiando el nivel de Fermi del grafeno. En el Capítulo 5 se presenta la excitación y el ajuste de plasmones de grafeno altamente confinados en el infrarrojo medio, activado mediante el dipolo de una punta de microscopia de campo cercano (Capítulo 5). En el Capítulo 6 se revisan los fotodetectores de grafeno existentes y los principales mecanismos que permitan fotodetección con grafeno. A continuación se presentan tres casos donde la fotorrespuesta del grafeno se mejora con la explotación de la interacción con los materiales circundantes. Un fototransistor híbrido de grafeno y puntos cuánticos (véase Capitulo 7) llega a responsividad extremadamente alta en el visible y infrarrojo cercano (más de un millón de A/W). En el Capítulo 8 se demuestra cómo la excitación de fonones de bulk de un sustrato polar aumenta la fotocorriente en el infrarrojo medio a través de un efecto fototermoeléctrico. También fonones superficie del sustrato, lanzados por la iluminación de un borde de metal con luz polarizada perpendicularmente, conducen a un aumento en la fotorrespuesta (Capítulo 9). Los resultados presentados en esta tesis abren nuevos caminos en el campo de la optoelectrónica basada en el grafeno en el campo de la nano-fotónica activa y de los sensores
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7

Abdel-Nour, Nicolas. "Chicken egg quality assessment from visible/near infrared observations". Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32396.

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Egg is a fragile component within the human diet. Important changes occur in egg during storage. Prediction of these changes is critical in order to grade the eggs upon their quality and freshness. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the application of visible and near infrared spectroscopy as a non-destructive method for the assessment of egg quality and freshness. Therefore, visible and near infrared transmittance spectral data ranging from 350 to 2500 nm was collected with the help of a radiospectrometer on 360 freshly laid eggs. A partial least squares model was built in order to link the spectral data with the most widely used destructive methods, namely Haugh Units and albumen pH in terms of egg quality and the number of storage days in terms of egg freshness. The ability of maximum R2 method to select the relevant wavelengths in order to build a partial least squares (PLS) predictive model was investigated in the first part of the study. The results showed that this method improved the predictive ability of the model. Coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV) were calculated in order to select sets of wavelengths to build the model with the best predictive ability. The second part of the study was based on building calibration models for predicting egg freshness in terms of number of storage day and egg quality in terms of Haugh Units and albumen pH. The results showed that the models had good predictive ability and R2 for number of storage days, Haugh Units and albumen pH were 0.89, 0.79 and 0.90, respectively. RMSECV for these three parameters were 1.65, 5.05 and 0.06, respectively.
L'oeuf est un composant fragile dans le regime alimentaire humain. Des changements importants arrivent dans loeuf pendant le stockage. La prediction de ces changements eat ctitique pour classer les oeufs selon leur qualité et leur fraîcheur. Les objectifs de cette étude étaient d'évaluer l'application méthode basée sur la spectroscopie visible et infra-rouge proche comme une method non destructive pour l'évaluation de la qualité et la fraîcheur des oeufs. Donc, la transmission visible et infra rouge proche des données spectrales aux limites de 350 à 2500 nm ont été exécutées à l'aide d'un radiosectromètre sur 360 oeufs récemment pondus. Un modèle des moindres carrées partiels (MCP) a été construit afin de lier les données soectrakes avec les méthodes destructives les plus utilisées, à savoir Unité de Haugh at le pH d'albumen en termes de qualité d'oeufs et le nombre de jours de stoclage en termees de fraîcheur d'oeufs. La première étude a traité de la capacité de la méthode maximum R2 à choisir les longueurs d'onde appropriées afin d'établir un modèle des moindres carrés partiels (MCP). Les résultats ont révélé combien cette méthode a été un bon outil dans le choix des longueurs d'onde instructives et dans l'amélioration de la capacité prédictive du modèle. Le coefficient de détermination (R2) et les erreurs de la racine carrée moyenne (ERCM) ont été calculés afin de choisir des ensembles de longueurs d'onde, lesquels aident le mieux à construire le modèle qui possède la meilleure capacité prédictive. La seconde étude a visé l'établissement des modèles prédictifs de la fraîcheur d'oeufs en fonction du n
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Klesman, Alison J. (Alison June) 1981. "Comet-asteroid differentiation using visible and near-infrared spectroscopy". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28610.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 40-42).
Comets have historically been defined as objects that experience the formation of a "head" (coma) or "tail" as ice and other volatiles that comprise their chemical makeup vaporize when they near the sun. Comets can lose this ability to form a coma or tail, however, through a variety of dynamical processes, creating objects that could chemically be comets but that do not fit the traditional definition. Thus, a new challenge has arisen to correctly define the properties that differentiate comets and asteroids. In this study, a number of cometary candidates were observed in visible and infrared wavelengths in an attempt to correctly classify them as asteroids or dormant or extinct comets. From this data, two groups of objects were identified: one group of possible cometary candidates, and one group of likely outer asteroid belt origin objects. From this and other studies, a broader picture of solar system dynamics can be achieved that will give much insight into not only the current dynamical processes that control interplanetary bodies, but also processes that were important in the formation and stratification of the solar system at its birth.
by Alison J. Klesman.
S.M.
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Schultz, Phillip. "Switchable Retroreflector Films for Enhanced Visible and Infrared Conspicuity". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1428048523.

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Balkenhol, Michelle Rose. "Visible and near infrared reflectance spectroscopy of irregular solids /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8493.

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Livros sobre o assunto "Visible and infrared photoinitiators"

1

P, Cracknell Arthur, ed. Visible infrared imager radiometer suite. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2005.

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2

International, Strategic Directions, ed. Visible, UV-visible, and near infrared instruments in the U.S. Los Angeles, CA: Strategic Directions International, 1997.

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3

Dave, Birtalan, Nunley William 1928- e Nunley William 1928-, eds. Optoelectronics: Infrared-visible-ultraviolet devices and applications. 2a ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2009.

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4

Vincent, John David, Steven E. Hodges, John Vampola, Mark Stegall e Greg Pierce. Fundamentals of Infrared and Visible Detector Operation and Testing. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119011897.

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George C. Marshall Space Flight Center., ed. Vehicle/atmosphere interaction glows: Far ultraviolet, visible, and infrared. [Marshall Space Flight Center], Ala: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, 1999.

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6

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Visible-infrared remote-sensing model and applications for ocean waters. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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7

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Visible-infrared remote-sensing model and applications for ocean waters. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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8

Cutler, Paul M. Visible and near-infrared reflectivities in a mid-latitude glacier basin. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1991.

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9

B, McCord Thomas, e United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. A visible-infrared imaging spectrometer for planetary missions: (PIDDP), final report : contract NASW-4739. Mililani, HI: SETS Technology, Inc., 1996.

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10

O, George W., Willis H. A, Royal Society of Chemistry (Great Britain) e Polytechnic of Wales, eds. Computer methods in UV, visible, and IR spectroscopy. Cambridge [England]: Royal Society of Chemistry, 1990.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Visible and infrared photoinitiators"

1

Kobayashi, Hisataka. "Theranostic Near-Infrared Photoimmunotherapy". In Make Life Visible, 219–25. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7908-6_22.

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2

Phinn, Stuart R., Eric M. Hochberg e Chris M. Roelfsema. "Visible and Infrared Overview". In Coral Reef Remote Sensing, 3–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9292-2_1.

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3

Masunaga, Hirohiko. "Visible/Near-Infrared Imaging". In Satellite Measurements of Clouds and Precipitation, 171–92. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2243-5_8.

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Masunaga, Hirohiko. "Visible/Near-Infrared Imaging". In Satellite Measurements of Clouds and Precipitation, 171–92. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2243-5_8.

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Agrawal, Govind P., e Niloy K. Dutta. "Infrared and Visible Semiconductor Lasers". In Semiconductor Lasers, 547–82. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0481-4_13.

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6

Hathaway, James A., e David H. Sliney. "VISIBLE LIGHT and INFRARED RADIATION". In Physical and Biological Hazards of the Workplace, 203–8. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119276531.ch13.

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7

Brown, Chris W. "Ultraviolet, Visible, Near-Infrared Spectrophotometers". In Ewing’s Analytical Instrumentation Handbook, Fourth Edition, 117–28. Fourth edition / [edited by] Nelu Grinberg, Sonia Rodriguez. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315118024-5.

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8

Chauhan, Mamta, e Prakash Chauhan. "Visible and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy". In Encyclopedia of Lunar Science, 1–6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05546-6_174-1.

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Chauhan, Mamta, e Prakash Chauhan. "Visible and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy". In Encyclopedia of Lunar Science, 1239–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14541-9_174.

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Beckwith, Steven V. W. "The visible and near-infrared domain". In Observing Photons in Space, 121–37. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7804-1_6.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Visible and infrared photoinitiators"

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Rongxia, Bu, Luo Shiyong, Xu Wencai, Meng Ruiqiang, He Di, Mao Kelin, Huang Jiangwei, Xiao Yong e Li Caichang. "CHARACTERIZATION OF THE UV - VISIBLE ABSORPTION SPECTRA OF COMMONLY USED PHOTOINITIATORS". In International Conference on World Symposium on Mechanical and Control Engineering (WSMCE). Volkson Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/wsmce.01.2017.18.20.

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2

Fimia, Antonio, Felipe Mateos, Augusto Belendez, Roberto Sastre e Francisco Amat-Guerri. "Sensitivity enhancement in panchromatic photopolymers for holography using a mixture of visible-light photoinitiators". In Advanced Imaging and Network Technologies, editado por Guenther J. Dausmann. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.262423.

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3

Greenler, Robert G. "Rainbows, visible and infrared". In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1987.wb2.

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Rainbows are part of the myths and legends of most cultures. In our scientific culture, many of their obvious features can be understood from a few simple principles. The principles are demonstrated, and rainbows are produced by a single drop of water and an array of two million tiny glass spheres. Slides are shown of rainbows produced in unusual circumstances: in the spray of a breaking wave, the dew on a golf green, water droplets floating on the surface of a lake, and the spout of a humpback whale. Other photos show strange and unusual rainbows including bows with intersecting arcs, white rainbows, red rainbows, and invisible rainbows never seen by a human eye.
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4

Reininger, Francis M., Michele Dami, Riccardo Paolinetti, Silvano Pieri e Silvio Falugiani. "Visible Infrared Mapping Spectrometer--visible channel (VIMS-V)". In 1994 Symposium on Astronomical Telescopes & Instrumentation for the 21st Century, editado por David L. Crawford e Eric R. Craine. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.176753.

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Krivitsky, Leonid A., Dmitry Kalashnikov, Anna Paterova, Shaun Lung e Sergei Kulik. "Infrared Spectroscopy with Visible Light". In International Symposium on Ultrafast Phenomena and Terahertz Waves. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/isuptw.2016.it1a.1.

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Krivitsky, Leonid A., Anna V. Paterova, Hongzhi Yang, Chengwu An e Dmitry A. Kalashnikov. "Infrared metrology with visible photons". In Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Pacific Rim. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleopr.2018.tu3f.7.

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Krause, O., A. M. Glauser, R. van Boekel, M. Güdel, T. Henning, M. R. Meyer, D. M. Stam et al. "Visible/infrared spectrometer for EChO". In SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, editado por Mark C. Clampin, Giovanni G. Fazio, Howard A. MacEwen e Jacobus M. Oschmann. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.927157.

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Paterova, Anna, Hongzhi Yang, Chengwu An, Dmitry Kalashnikov e Leonid Krivitsky. "Infrared metrology using visible photons". In CLEO: Applications and Technology. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2018.ath3o.3.

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Byrd, Donald A., William B. Maier II, Steven C. Bender, Redus F. Holland, Francis D. Michaud, Allen L. Luetthgen, R. Wynn Christensen e Thomas R. O'Brian. "Visible/infrared radiometric calibration station". In SPIE's 1994 International Symposium on Optics, Imaging, and Instrumentation, editado por Marija S. Scholl. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.185852.

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Vane, G. "Airborne Visible and Infrared Spectrometer". In Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/soa.1988.tha1.

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Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Visible and infrared photoinitiators"

1

Taylor, B. Ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectra of 50 samples. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), agosto de 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/67460.

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Shell, James R., Schott II e John R. Quantifying Polarized Clutter in the Visible to Near-Infrared. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, fevereiro de 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada430395.

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3

Eilers, Hergen. Multispectral Visible/Infrared Sensors Based on Polymer-Metal Nanocomposites. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, janeiro de 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada519425.

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Weinberg, Jerry L. Interplanetary Dust and the Visible/Infrared Sky Background Radiation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, julho de 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada171944.

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Toutin, Th. Elevation modelling from satellite visible and infrared (VIR) data. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/219771.

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Lasnier, C., L. Seppala, K. Morris, M. Groth, M. Fenstermacher, S. Allen, E. Synakowski e J. Ortiz. Visible and Infrared Optical Design for the ITER Upper Ports. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), março de 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/902282.

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Zhu, Jinyu, Mun Y. Choi, George W. Mulholland e Louis A. Gritzo. Soot Scattering Measurements in the Visible and Near-Infrared Spectrum. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, agosto de 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada455427.

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Park, Wounjhang, Wei Zhang, Juliet Gopinath, Jennifer Cha e Prashant Nagpal. Nanoscale Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy from Visible to Mid-Infrared. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, outubro de 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1008610.

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Powell, J. W., E. G. Potter, V. Tschirhart, J. B. Percival, S. Mount, B. McEwan, R. Ashley e K. Wheatley. Quantifying fertile alteration in the Patterson Lake corridor, Saskatchewan, through visible-near infrared-shortwave infrared spectroscopy. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/313671.

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Medley, S. S., D. L. Dimock, S. Hayes, D. Long, J. L. Lowrence, V. Mastrocola, G. Renda, M. Ulrickson e K. M. Young. Periscope-camera system for visible and infrared imaging diagnostics on TFTR. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), maio de 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5508800.

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