Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Vins de base"
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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Vins de base"
1
Giraudon, Sylvie. "Détection de la chaptalisation des vins : constitution d'une base de données". OENO One 28, n.º 1 (31 de março de 1994): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.1994.28.1.1154.
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<p style="text-align: justify;">Afin de détecter la chaptalisation des vins, il est nécessaire de constituer une base de données pour pouvoir comparer les valeurs obtenues par résonance magnétique nucléaire quantitative du deutérium et par spectrométrie de masse des rapports isotopiques sur les échantillons à contrôler à celles obtenues sur des vins témoins. Ces valeurs, mesurées sur l'éthanol extrait des vins par distillation, variant en fonction de l'origine botanique des sucres fermentés (raisin, betterave, canne ou maïs) mais aussi en fonction de l'origine géographique du lieu de production des raisins, il convient d'élaborer la base de référence de façon à couvrir l'ensemble du vignoble français. Les résultats de quatre années de récolte ont contribué à améliorer la pertinence des prélèvements de raisin en permettant d'établir une cartographie des paramètres isotopiques de l'éthanol de vins issus de toutes les régions viticoles, en mettant en exergue quelques zones particulières.</p>
2
Raynal, Cécile, e Thierry Lefebvre. "« Ce Vin n’est pas un médicament ». Controverses autour des vins de quinquina". Revue d'histoire de la pharmacie 108, n.º 410 (2021): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/pharm.2021.24289.
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À l’occasion du bicentenaire de l’isolement de la quinine par les pharmaciens Pierre Joseph Paelletier et Joseph Bienaimé Caventou, nous avons choisi d’évoquer, de manière succincte, l’histoire des vins de quinquina. En particulier, nous avons été surpris de trouver, sur certaines de leurs étiquettes de la fin du XIXe siècle, la mention : «C e vin n’est pas un médicament. » Nous avons cherché à comprendre les motivations de cette curieuse formule. Avant de révéler les tenants et les aboutissants de cette inscription, nous proposons quelques rappels sur le «vin-médicament » , puis nous nous focalisons sur l’arrivée progressive des vins à base de quinquina, non seulement dans les pharmacopées, mais également chez les épiciers, marchands de vin, droguistes et liquoristes. Certains de ces vins dits «hygiéniques » sont évoqués, ainsi que leur disparition définitive des rayons des officines au début du XXIe siècle.
3
Chatonnet, Pascal, Guy Guimberteau, Denis Dubourdieu e Jean-Noël Boidron. "Nature et origine des odeurs de « moisi » dans les caves. Incidences sur la contamination des vins". OENO One 28, n.º 2 (30 de junho de 1994): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.1994.28.2.1148.
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<p style="text-align: justify;">Les goûts et odeurs à caractère "moisI" retrouvés dans les vins encore stockés en cuves ou en barriques sont généralement dus à des chloroanisoles du type 2,3,4,6-tétrachloroanisoleet pentachloroanisole. Ces composés malodorants proviennent de la dégradation microbienne de chlorophénols utilisés comme traitement insecticide de différents matériaux à base de bois principalement employés dans la construction des bâtiments, leur isolation ou dans la fabrication de caisses de stockage des bouteilles. Dans certaines conditions, humidité de l'air élevée et ventilation réduite, on assiste à une contamination rapide de l'atmosphère des caves et des vins qui y sont entreposés. De la même façon, la conservation dans une atmosphère viciée de certains produits destinés à entrer en contact avec le vin peut être responsable de sa pollution.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">L'élimination de la source de contamination en chlorophénols et en chloroanisoles, ainsi que l'amélioration du renouvellement de l'air, suffisent généralement à solutionner le problème. La prohibition de tous les produits de traitements à base de chlorophénols est conseillée dans tous les locaux destinés à recevoir du vin en vrac où à le conditionner en bouteille.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">La cuverie contaminée en même temps que les vins peut être réutilisée après nettoyage et éventuellement réfection. A l'inverse, les contenants en bois conservés dans une atmosphère polluée doivent le plus souvent être éliminés.</p>
4
Coelho, Alfredo Manuel Jesus Oliveira, e António de Sousa. "Stratégies de développement des groupes multinationaux des vins et spiritueux". Économies et Sociétés. Systèmes agroalimentaires 34, n.º 1024 (2000): 257–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/esag.2000.1742.
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Ce travail vise à analyser les stratégies de développement des dix principaux groupes multinationaux du secteur des vins et spiritueux, au cours des périodes 1983-1989 et 1990-1996. Le déclin des marchés traditionnels et l'explosion de la consommation dans les pays émergents, ont conduit à un fort mouvement de restructuration et de concentration du secteur (recentrages géographiques et sur le métier de base, associés à une modération de la croissance externe). Ces opérations concernent la production mais aussi la distribution et les marques, afin d'intensifier les synergies au sein des groupes.
5
Karjalainen, V., T. Hakala, A. George, N. Koivumäki, J. Suomalainen e E. Honkavaara. "A DRONE SYSTEM FOR AUTONOMOUS MAPPING FLIGHTS INSIDE A FOREST – A FEASIBILITY STUDY AND FIRST RESULTS". International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-1/W2-2023 (13 de dezembro de 2023): 597–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-1-w2-2023-597-2023.
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Abstract. In recent years, drones have gained wide popularity in forest research and operational applications. Over the forest canopy, where Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are available, the flights are already highly automated. However, under the canopy of dense forests, the flights still need active manual control by a human pilot due to missing GNSS signal and obstacles. The objective of this study was to design and implement a prototype of a drone autonomously flying inside a forest for future boreal forest research purposes by utilizing open-source algorithms. Based on a literature survey, EGO-Planner-v2 with VINS-Fusion localization and stereo-depth camera-based mapping was chosen as the base of the implemented prototype. The algorithms were first tested in a simulator and later a custom drone hardware was built to evaluate the performance and suitability in real boreal forest environments. The evaluation criteria for the performance were the success of the mission, the reliability of the obstacle avoidance, and the accuracy of the localization. Based on the results, the performance of the prototype was promising, but in dense forests, the sensing of small needleless branches and leafless understory vegetation needs to be improved to increase reliability. In a dense spruce forest, nine of 19 test flights were successful, when approximate flight distances varied between 35 m and 80 m. In the longest of those test flights, the error of the VINS-Fusion estimate of the trajectory length was approximately 1 m.
6
González-Larraina, Miguel, A. González e Bernard Médina. "Les ions métalliques dans la différenciation des vins rouges des trois régions d'appellation d'origine Rioja". OENO One 21, n.º 2 (30 de junho de 1987): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.1987.21.2.1277.
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<p style="text-align: justify;">Les profondes différences qui existent entre les trois régions de l'Appellation d'Origine Rioja quant au climat, au sol, au cépage cultivé, et/ou au système d'élaboration, sont la cause d'importantes différences analytiques que l'on retrouve dans les divers genres de vins rouges produits. Ces différences s'expriment non seulement dans les paramètres oenologiques classiques comme le degré alcoolique, l'acidité totale ou le pH, mais aussi dans les composantes minoritaires comme les ions métalliques, et plus particulièrement le potassium. L'étude des oligo-éléments comme le lithium, le rubidium et le manganèse a mis en évidence une fois de plus les différences existantes et a permis la différenciation géographique des vins de la Rioja Alavesa de la Rioja Alta et Baja sur la base de leur teneur en lithium et en manganèse.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">+++</p><p style="text-align: justify;">The basic differences existing between the three regions of the Denomination of Origin « Rioja » in terms of climate, soil and grapewine cultivar variety and/or the wine making process are the causes of the important analytical differences which we find between the different types of red wine obtained not only in the oenological variables like alcoholic grade, total acidity or pH, but in minor components such as metalic ions, and most particulary potassium. The study of oligo-elements like lithium, rubidium and manganese has once again shown the existing differences and has enabled to geographically differenciate the wines allowed the geographie differences or the wines form Rioja Alavesa, Rioja Alta and Rioja Baja on the basis of their contents in lithium and manganese.</p>
7
Delfini, Claudio, Donatella Giacosa, Giorgio Nicolini, Laura Bardi, Donato Lanati, Adolfo Pagliara, Daniela Borsa e Emilia García-Moruno. "Essais d'enrichissement partiel de moût de raisin par osmose inverse". OENO One 25, n.º 1 (31 de março de 1991): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.1991.25.1.1220.
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<p style="text-align: justify;">Pendant les vendanges 1988 et 1989, les auteurs ont procédé à des essais d'enrichissement par osmose inverse et par addition de moût concentré rectifié sur 9 variétés différentes de moût (Barbera, Cabernet, Chardonnay, Cortese, Muscat, Pinot, Riesling, Schiava, Nebbiolo), en prenant comme base un moût brut. L'appareillage employé a été fabriqué par la SNAMPROGETTI BIOTECNOLOGIE et peut traiter 100 hl par heure.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">L'analyse de la composition des moûts a démontré une augmentation du degré sucré, de l'extrait net, des cendres, de l'alcalinité des cendres et de l'acidité totale en fonction du pourcentage d'eau enlevée. L'acidité totale se rééquilibre lors de la vinification surtout au niveau des sels d'acide tartrique. Le pH reste à peu près identique dans les 3 lots de moût comparés. Les perméats, diffusés au travers des membranes ne présentent pas ou peu de composés présents dans le moût frais. Pour la vinification des vins rouges, il est nécessaire d'équilibrer les substances en excès dues au rapport pellicules/moût par effet de la concentration par osmose inverse. Aucune perte en substances colorantes n'a été observée pendant la concentration.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Les résultats d'analyses chimiques et organoleptiques de vins obtenus indiquent que ceux traités par osmose inverse sont dans la plupart des cas nettement différents de ceux traités par addition de moût concentré rectifié et sont préférés à ceux non enrichis. Pour le Cortese de Gavi, l'échantillon enrichi par osmose inverse a été nettement préféré à celui additionné de moût concentré rectifié, alors qu'aucun échantillon additionné de moût concentré rectifié n'a été préféré par rapport à un échantillon "osmose inverse".</p>
8
REYNOLDS, ANDREW G. "IMPACT OF PRUNING STRATEGY, CLUSTER THINNING, AND SHOOT REMOVAL ON GROWTH, YIELD, AND FRUIT COMPOSITION OF LOW-VIGOR DE CHAUNAC VINES". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 69, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 1989): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps89-036.
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To explore alternative means of crop control on vineyard attributes, 10-yr-old, low-vigor De Chaunac vines were subjected over a 3-yr period to eight crop regulation treatments, which involved combinations of pruning strategy (15 + 10 balanced pruning; 40 nodes per vine), cluster thinning, shoot thinning to one shoot per node, and removal of base shoots. Treatments involving cluster thinning maximized vine size, periderm development, yield components, °Brix, and anthocyanins. Yield per vine was not affected by any treatment. Cane periderm, yield components, and °Brix of cluster thinned, balance pruned vines exceeded those in cluster thinned vines pruned to 40 nodes. Shoot thinning of balance pruned vines did not improve cane periderm formation or yield components over un-thinned vines, but reduced °Brix. Combining cluster and shoot thinning with balanced pruning and base shoot removal proved to be superior to all treatments in every aspect of growth, yield, and fruit composition. Vines pruned to 40 nodes and subjected to base shoot removal and shoot thinning had improved yield components and °Brix over vines shoot thinned only, but were inferior to cluster thinned vines in terms of all vineyard parameters. Crop loads below 7 kg kg−1 cane prunings appear necessary to maintain vine size, yield, and acceptable fruit composition of low-vigor De Chaunac vines.Key words: Vitis, De Chaunac, pruning, cluster thinning, vine
9
Soufleros, Evangelos H., e Alain Bertrand. "Etude sur le «Tsipouro», eau-de-vie de marc traditionnelle de Grèce, précurseur de l'ouzo". OENO One 21, n.º 2 (30 de junho de 1987): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.1987.21.2.1280.
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<p style="text-align: justify;">Le « Tsipouro » est une eau-de-vie de marc de raisins produite dans de nombreuses zones vinicoles de Grèce; elle est le précurseur de l'ouzo, anisette mondialement connue. Les auteurs étudient la composition de dix·huit échantillons de Tsipouro produit dans la région de Naoussa. Bien qu'il s'agisse d'une eau-de-vie de marc de raisins, les constituants favorables à la qualité se trouvent en quantités relativement importantes, tandis que les éléments indésirables ne dépassent pas les seuils acceptables et sont voisins de ceux rencontrés dans les eaux-de-vie de vins.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">+++</p><p style="text-align: justify;">« Tsipouro » is a spirit produced in several greek viticultural zones from grape pomace. It is the base of ouzo, an anisette which is known world wide. The authors studied the composition of eighteen samples of Tsipouro produced in the Naoussa region. Even though this is a spirit produced from grape pomace, rather than wine, the components which represent good quality were found in relatively high levels. Whereas, unfavourable elements did not exceed acceptable thresholds and were close to the levels found in eaux-de-vie produced from wine. </p>
10
Joyeux, Annick, e Aline Lonvaud-Funel. "Comparaison de diverses préparations industrielles de bactéries lactiques réactivees pour stimuler la fermentation malolactique". OENO One 19, n.º 3 (30 de setembro de 1985): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.1985.19.3.1326.
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<p style="text-align: justify;">La réactivation préalable des bactéries lactiques est indispensable avant l'inoculation des vins. Le mode opératoire est précisé : le milieu optimum est à base de jus de raisin.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Différentes préparations industrielles ont été testées au laboratoire. Celles de <em>Leuconostoc œnos</em> ont donné de bons résultats. L'une d'entre elles a été utilisée dans la pratique au cours des deux dernières campagnes de vinification. Les succès obtenus, surtout en 1984 dans des cas particulièrement difficiles montrent bien l'efficacité de ce procédé pour le déclenchement de la fermentation malolactique.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">+++</p><p style="text-align: justify;">The previous reactivation of lactic acid bacteria is essential before the inoculation of the wine. The method is specified: the optimium media is made with grape must.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Several industrial preparations of bacteria were tried; those constituted with <em>Leuconostoc oenos</em> gave good results. One of them was utilized in practice during the two last vinification campaigns. The success obtained, especially in 1984 in particular difficult cases give proof of the efficiency of this process to start the malolactic fermentation.</p>
Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Vins de base"
1
Marchal, Richard. "Contribution a l'etude des proprietes moussantes des vins de champagne. Etude quantitative et qualitative des proteines des mouts et des vins de base champenois". Reims, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995REIMS003.
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Les proteines sont largement impliquees dans les proprietes moussantes des vins. Notre etude s'est poursuivie par les caracterisations qualitative et quantitative des proteines des mouts et des vins champenois. L'estimation directe par 4 methodes de la teneur en proteines des mouts et des vins montre une extreme disparite des resultats due aux interferences. La methode de bradford (1976) semble donner les resultats les plus proches de la realite. Les complexes proteine-colorant se forment lentement dans le vin. Il est donc imperatif de realiser les mesures a un temps precis, surtout lors de comparaisons. Les composes phenoliques et l'ethanol interferent largement. Leurs interferences ne sont pas additives. Par ailleurs, la contribution des composes non proteiques a la do#5#9#5 peut atteindre 60% de la valeur totale, alors que les gelatines ne sont pas dosees. Le dosage direct de bradford (1976) n'a donc qu'une fiabilite limitee. Il est ainsi difficile d'apprecier avec exactitude l'influence des divers traitements et collages sur l'evolution de la concentration en proteines. Grace a leur dualite de composition, les glycoproteines agissent sur la tension superficielle d'un milieu et sur sa viscosite, deux proprietes essentielles pour la formation d'une bulle et la stabilisation de la mousse. L'etude des glycoproteines des vins est apparue pour cela interessante. Certaines proteines des vins reagissent positivement a la coloration au pas apres sds-page. Une etude plus generale a donc ete entreprise afin de caracteriser les proteines d'un vin de chardonnay retenues par la concanavaline a (con a). En gradient de ph, ces proteines se scindent en deux groupes, dont les pl se situent a environ 2,5 et 3,9. L'electrophorese preparative a ensuite permis l'obtention de proteines purifiees. Un traitement enzymatique a la n-glycanase montre que la proteine de 24/25 kda est une n-glycosylproteine. Les proteines de 24/25 et 62/64 kda, qui proviennent de la baie de raisin, presentent une hydrophobicite nettement superieure a la moyenne des proteines du vin, a l'inverse de la proteine de 30 kda. Cependant, l'hydrophobicite de la fraction totale retenue sur con a est faible en raison du pourcentage important de serine provenant des mannoproteines levuriennes, mais aussi par la nature hydrophile des nombreux oligo- et polysaccharides presents
2
Maxe, Charlotte. "Impact d’un élevage en fût de chêne sur les caractéristiques physico-chimiques et organoleptiques des vins de base champenois". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCK026.
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Les caractéristiques environnementales du bois de chêne (origine géographique et espèce), ainsi que les pratiques de tonnellerie peuvent impacter les propriétés physico-chimiques et moléculaires des fûts de tonnellerie, et par conséquent des vins vinifiés et élevés dans ces fûts. Cet impact de l'élevage sous bois sur les vins de base champenois n'a quasiment jamais été étudié à ce jour, alors que cette pratique est mise en œuvre depuis plusieurs années par certaines maisons. Or, les caractéristiques de ces vins de base (acidité, degré alcoolique) ainsi que l'absence de recherche d'un boisé tel que pour les vins tranquilles, nécessitent d'approfondir les connaissances scientifiques sur les mécanismes qui peuvent contribuer par exemple à l'amélioration de la stabilité oxydative et de la complexité organoleptique de ces vins. Ainsi, ce projet de thèse a pour objectif de caractériser les impacts physico-chimiques et sensoriels de la vinification et de l'élevage en fût sur les vins de base champenois, en sélectionnant spécifiquement des bois originaires de forêts champenoises. Différentes approches analytiques physico-chimiques (capacité antioxydante, paramètres œnologiques), moléculaires (ellagitanins, métabolome) et sensorielles seront mises en œuvre en systèmes modèles et en conditions réelles d'élevage afin d'élaborer des outils d'adaptation du boisage des vins de base. Une attention particulière sera portée à la caractérisation des fractions moléculaires discriminantes des espèces et origines géographiques champenoises afin de donner une dimension écosystémique locale à ce projetThe environmental characteristics of oak wood (geographical origin and species), as well as the cooperage practices, can affect the physico-chemical and molecular properties of barrels, and consequently the wines vinified and aged in them. This impact of wood ageing on champagne base wines has hardly ever been studied to date, whereas this practice has been implemented for several years by some Champagne houses. However, the characteristics of these base wines (acidity, alcohol content) as well as the will to avoid woody aroma like for still wines, require further scientific knowledge on the mechanisms that can contribute, for example, to improve the oxidative stability and the organoleptic complexity of these wines. This thesis project is aimed at characterizing the physico-chemical and sensory impacts of barrel vinification and barrel ageing on champagne base wines, by specifically selecting woods originating from Champagne forests. Different physic-chemical analytical approaches (antioxidant capacity, oenological parameters…), molecular approaches (ellagitannins, metabolome) and sensory approaches will be implemented in model systems and in real conditions of wine ageing in order to develop tools for adapting wood ageing to base wines. Particular attention will be paid to the characterization of discriminant molecular fractions of species and geographical origins of woods from Champagne forests to give a local ecosystem dimension to this project
3
Liu, Pinhe. "Impacts de la maturité du raisin et du fractionnement au pressage des jus sur la composition des moûts et des vins blancs - Relation avec les propriétés moussantes des vins de base de Champagne". Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIMS045/document.
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La mousse est une caractéristique organoleptique majeure des vins effervescents. Dans le cadre d’une meilleure maîtrise des propriétés moussantes des vins de Champagne, l’objectif de ce travail est de mieux comprendre l’impact de la maturité des raisins et du fractionnement des jus au pressurage sur la composition des moûts et des vins, en particulier sur les protéines, et la relation avec la moussabilité des vins.Au cours de la maturation de raisins sains Chardonnay et Pinot noir de deux millésimes, les caractéristiques œnologiques des moûts évoluent pour un TAP compris entre 4% et 11% vol. Une augmentation de la teneur en protéines est aussi montrée au cours de la maturation des baies. De plus, pour des raisins vendangés à « maturités industrielles », des changements essentiels de la composition biochimique des moûts, ayant un TAP compris entre 8% et 11% vol., sont observés.Une étude de la maturité de raisins Chardonnay et Pinot meunier de trois millésimes, a montré que des raisins plus mûrs, et sains, donnent des vins de base avec des teneurs en protéines totales plus élevées, ayant une meilleure moussabilité que des vins issus de raisins moins mûrs. Les analyses statistiques montrent des corrélations positives significatives entre différentes caractéristiques œnologiques des moûts et des vins de base et, pour la première fois, une corrélation entre la moussabilité et la teneur en protéines des vins, en relation avec la maturité, a été montrée. Au-delà de la maturité des raisins, la teneur en protéines et la moussabilité des vins peuvent être fortement influencées, dans la notion de Terroir, par le couple cépage/parcelle et le climat du millésime.L’étude du fractionnement des jus au pressurage, réalisée sur les cépages Chardonnay, Pinot noir, Pinot meunier et cinq millésimes, montre une évolution générale des caractéristiques des moûts et des vins, au cours du pressurage à l’échelle industrielle et au laboratoire. La composition des moûts et des vins peut être fortement influencée par la variabilité de la parcelle, de la maturité, du millésime, de l’état sanitaire des raisins, mais faiblement affectée par l’échelle et le type de pressoir. Ces sources de variabilités conduisent à des différences de teneur en protéines et de propriétés moussantes pour les vins de base champenoisFoam is a major sensory characteristic of sparkling wines. As part of better controlling the foaming properties of Champagne wines, the goal of this work is to better understand the impact of grape maturity and press fractioning on the composition of grape juices and base wines, especially on the proteins, and their relationships with wines’ foamability.During the maturation of healthy grapes (Chardonnay and Pinot Noir of two vintages), the oenological characteristics of musts evolve in a TAP range from 4% to 11% vol. An increase in protein content was also showed during the ripening of grape berries. In addition, for the grapes harvested at ‘industrial maturity’, essential changes in the biochemical composition of musts were observed with a TAP between 8% and 11% vol.The study of grape maturity that performed on Chardonnay and Pinot Meunier grapes of three vintages, showed that riper and healthy grapes could give their corresponding base wines with higher total protein contents, and better foamability than those wines made from less ripen grapes. Statistical analyses showed significant positive correlations between different oenological characteristics of musts and base wines and, for the first time, a correlation between foamability and protein content of wines, in relation to grape maturity, has been shown. Except for the grape maturity, the protein content and the foamability of Champagne base wines could be strongly influenced, in the concept of ‘Terroir’, by the pair grape variety/vineyard and the climate of the vintage.The study of the press fractioning of grape juices, carried out on Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, Pinot Meunier of five vintages, showed a general evolution of the characteristics in musts and wines, during the pressing cycle that realized on industrial and laboratory scale. The composition of musts and their corresponding wines could be strongly influenced by the variability of vineyards, grape maturity, vintage and the health condition of grapes, but hardly affected by the scale and the type of press. Those sources of variability could lead to differences in protein content and foaming properties for Champagne base wines
4
Saidane, Dorra. "Mise au point d’un procédé de réduction du pouvoir de combinaison des vins à base de biopolymères issus de la biomasse". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14455/document.
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L'objectif de cette étude est la diminution du pouvoir de combinaison du dioxyde de soufre des vins blancs liquoreux. La méthode retenue passe par l'élimination du vin de dérivés carbonylés naturellement présents et responsables de la formation de combinaisons bisulfitiques.Les dérivés carbonylés responsables de la plus grande partie du piégeage du dioxyde de soufre sont l'éthanal, l'acide pyruvique et l'acide 2-oxoglutarique. L'extraction de ces composés doit s'effectuer sans dénaturer les qualités organoleptiques du vin et sans générer l'apparition de nouvelles molécules dans le vin. Pour cela, la méthode retenue a été l'extraction liquide-solide : il s’agit de mettre en présence deux réactifs dont l’un l’agent d’extraction est fixé sur un support insoluble. Notre objectif est d’étudier la possibilité de substituer les polymères d’origine industrielle utilisés jusqu’à présent par des supports d’origine naturelle préparés à partir d’un constituant du bois : la lignine. Le recours à des supports d’origine naturelle, dérivé du bois, présente le double intérêt de permettre un meilleur contrôle des matériaux introduits dans le vin à traiter et de rendre les contaminations éventuelles provenant du traitement à priori, plus admissibles, étant constituées de composés déjà présents dans le bois de tonnellerieThe objective of this study is the reduction of the power of sweet white wines sulfur dioxide combination. The method used relies on the extraction of carbonyl compounds from wine; these are naturally present and responsible for the formation of bisulfite combinations.The carbonyl compounds responsible for most of the trapping of sulfur dioxide are acetaldehyde, pyruvic acid and the 2-oxoglutaric. The extraction of these compounds should be done without altering the organoleptic qualities of wine and without creating the appearance of new molecules in wine. Therefore, the method we used was the liquid-solid extraction: bringing together two reactants, one of which -the extracting agent- is attached to an insoluble support.Our goal is to study the possibility of substituting the industrial polymers, used so far, by natural origin supports, prepared from a wood constituent: the lignin.The use of natural origin materials, deriving from wood, has the double advantage of allowing a better control of materials, introduced in the wine process, and making more acceptable the possible contaminations broad about by the a priori treatment, as they are compounds already present in the wood cooperage
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Couillaud, Samuel. "Synthèse, structure, propriétés physiques et réactivité vis-à-vis de l’hydrogène de nouveaux composés ternaires à base de magnésium". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14288/document.
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Aujourd’hui, la diminution des ressources d’énergies fossiles corrélée à l’augmentation des besoins et à l’augmentation du taux de CO2 dans l’atmosphère nous poussent à développer de nouvelles énergies.L’utilisation de l’hydrogène comme vecteur énergétique est une solution. En effet, celui-ci est abondant et sa combustion est très énergétique (3 fois supérieure au pétrole). Cependant, son utilisation se heurte à des problèmes de production, de stockage et d’utilisation. Nous nous sommes ici intéressés au problème du stockage de l’hydrogène à l’état solide. Celui-ci permet d’obtenir des capacités volumiques de stockage importantes (environ 140 g/L) mais est freiné par des capacités massiques et des cinétiques de réaction faibles. Le magnésium se présentant comme un bon candidat en terme de capacité massique (7,6 %), nous nous sommes intéressés aux intermétalliques ternaires TR-M-Mg (TR = terres rares, M = métaux de transition). L’objectif était double : conserver la bonne capacité du magnésium et diminuer l’enthalpie de formation de l’hydrure. Le système TR4NiMg (avec TR = Y et Gd) et les solutions solides dérivées ont été étudiées. Un stockage irréversible de l’hydrogène de 2,5% massique ainsi qu’une transition d’antiferromagnétique à verre de spin ont été observés. Un travail plus exploratoire a permis de découvrir deux nouveaux composés riches en magnésium : LaCuMg8 et Gd13Ni9,5Mg77,5. Ils permettent tous deux l’obtention d’un mélange de phases issu de leur décomposition lors de la première absorption. Ce mélange permet une amélioration significative des propriétés de sorption de l’hydrogène par du magnésiumNowadays, the decrease of fossil fuel resources, and the increase of energy requirements and concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere induces the development of new energies. The use of hydrogen as energetic vector is a solution. Indeed, it is abundant and its combustion is highly energetic (3 times more than petrol). However, its utilisation is limited by problems of production, storage and use. In this work, we have focused on the problem of solid hydrogen storage. It allows for high volumetric capacity (≈ 140 g/L) but is restricted by low weight capacity and by slow sorption kinetics. Because magnesium is potentially a good candidate according to its high weight capacity (7.6 %wt), we have chosen to work on the ternary compounds RE-M-Mg (RE = Rare earth, M = transition metal). The goal was double: to keep the good capacity of the magnesium and to decrease the enthalpy of formation of the hydride. The RE4NiMg system (with RE = Y and Gd) and the derived solid solutions were studied. An irreversible hydrogen uptake of 2.5% wt and a magnetic properties change from antiferromagnetic to spin glass behaviour were observed.A more exploratory work allowed us to discover two new magnesium rich compounds: LaCuMg8 and Gd13Ni9.5Mg77.5. Both lead to a phase mixture induced by their decomposition during the first absorption. This mixture allows a very significant improvement of the hydrogen sorption properties of magnesium
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Nicolay, Alexis. "Microstructure et propriétés de l'Inconel 718 DA forgé en presse à vis dans le domaine subsolvus δ". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEM067.
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En raison de leurs bonnes propriétés à haute température, les superalliages base nickel polycristallins sont largement employés pour la fabrication des disques de turbine des moteurs d’avion. Parmi eux, l’Inconel 718 est actuellement le plus employé pour les disques des moteurs civils. De telles pièces sont obtenues par forgeage à chaud. Les évolutions microstructurales se produisant au cours de ce procédé sont très sensibles aux conditions de forgeage (température, vitesse et niveau de déformation). Puisque microstructure et propriétés mécaniques sont directement liées, il est de la plus grande importance d’établir l’influence des conditions de forgeage sur les évolutions de microstructure. Cela permet de pouvoir maitriser la microstructure finale des pièces, et donc, leurs propriétés mécaniques. Ces travaux s’intéressent au forgeage en presse à vis de l’Inconel 718, procédé qui est caractérisé par des vitesses de déformation relativement élevées (1s-1 à 100s-1). Ils visent notamment à étudier ce mode de forgeage au regard de celui plus conventionnel réalisé à des vitesses relativement plus faibles (0,001s-1 à 0,1s-1), pour lequel les mécanismes et les cinétiques des évolutions microstructurales sont relativement bien connues, et les propriétés mécaniques contrôlées. L’objectif de ces travaux de thèse est d’établir les liens qui existent entre le mode de forgeage (i.e. la vitesse de déformation), les microstructures résultantes, et les propriétés mécaniques qu’elles impliquent. Des essais de compression à chaud simulant les opérations de forgeage ont été mis en œuvre. La caractérisation fine des microstructures produites lors de ces essais a permis d’établir l’influence de la vitesse de déformation sur les évolutions de microstructure. En particulier, des cinétiques de recristallisation différentes de celles rapportées dans la littérature sont obtenues. Les propriétés en traction et en fluage ont été évaluées sur des éprouvettes prélevées dans des pièces industrielles forgées. L’analyse fine des microstructures dans les têtes a permis d’établir les relations entre les caractéristiques microstructurales et les propriétés mécaniques, puis, de faire le lien avec le mode de forgeageDue to their desirable properties at high temperature, polycrystalline nickel-based superalloys are widely used for aircraft engine turbine disk manufacturing. Among the nickel-based superalloys family, Inconel 718 is currently the most popular for civil aircraft engine disks. Such parts are obtained by a hot forging process. Microstructural evolutions occurring during this process are very sensitive to forging conditions (temperature, strain rate and strain level). Given that the microstructure and subsequent mechanical properties are strongly coupled, it is of utmost importance to establish the influence of forging conditions on microstructural evolutions. This relationship, once provided, makes it possible to control the final microstructure of industrial parts, and so their mechanical properties. This work deals with the screw press forging of Inconel 718, a process characterized by relatively high strain rates (1s-1 to 100s-1). In particular, this project aims at studying this kind of forging process compared to conventional forging performed at relatively lower strain rates (0.001s-1 to 0.1s-1). Microstructural evolution mechanisms and kinetics are relatively well known for these conventional methods, and so, the mechanical properties of forged components are controlled. The purpose of this current PhD thesis is to investigate the links that exist between the forging mode (i.e. the strain rate), the resulting microstructures, and, the mechanical properties they generate. Hot compression tests simulating forging operations have been performed. Accurate characterizations of microstructures produced during these compression tests have allowed the finding of the strain rate’s influence on microstructural evolutions. In particular, recrystallization kinetics differing from those reported in the literature have been elucidated. Tensile and creep properties were also evaluated on specimens taken from industrial forged parts. Accurate microstructural characterizations performed in these samples have led to discovering relationships between microstructural features and mechanical properties, and subsequently, have clarified connections to the forging mode
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Bou, Nader Khalil. "Grapevine age : Impact on physiology and berry and wine quality". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0329/document.
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L’âge de la vigne et sa relation avec la qualité du vin sont des sujets d’intérêt récurrents, tant scientifiques qu’économiques. Les consommateurs et acteurs de la filière vitivinicole semblent s’accorder à propos de la capacité des vieilles vignes à produire des vins de caractère supérieur. Malgré les recherches en cours, la validité de ce point de vue reste débattue et les questions concernant les mécanismes à travers lesquels de vieilles vignes aboutiraient à des vins qualité supérieure restent nombreuses. Pour tenter d’y répondre, l’impact de l’âge des vignes sur la physiologie, la tolérance au stress hydrique, ainsi que la qualité des baies et du vin ont été étudiés dans un vignoble expérimental constitué de plants de Vitis vinifera L. cv. de matériel génétique identique (Riesling de clone Gm 239 greffé sur 5C Teleki) mais aux dates de plantation différentes.En 2014 et 2015, les vignes plantées en 2012 n’avaient pas encore atteint leur plein potentiel et avaient une productivité végétative et un rendement significativement inférieurs à ceux des vignes plantées en 1995 et 1971. Par ailleurs, les vignes plantées en 2012 n’ont pas été soumises au même traitement d’enherbement que les vignes plus âgées pendant cette période afin de prévenir une compétition excessive pendant leur établissement. La capacité inférieure de ces vignes et l’absence d’enherbement ont mené à une plus grande exposition des grappes à la lumière et une plus grande accumulation d’azote, ce qui s’est traduit par une plus grande concentration en acides aminés, monoterpènes, norisoprénoides, et flavonols en 2014 et 2015. Les années suivantes (2016 et 2017), le rendement et le poids des bois de taille de ces vignes, ainsi que la composition des baies, étaient comparables à ceux des vignes plus âgées. Les paramètres de maturité technologique (°Brix, l’acidité totale et le pH de moûts) n’ont pas été significativement affectés par l’âge des vignes. […]Des analyses sensorielles et chimiques ont été réalisées en 2017 sur des vins de millésimes précédents. Les vins des plus jeunes vignes ont été associés à des arômes de fruits mûrs et de l’arôme de pétrole typique du Riesling. Ces vins ont aussi été identifiés par de plus hautes concentrations de monoterpènes et norisoprénoides potentiels et de composés soufrés volatils, en 2014 et 2015 uniquement. Les profils sensoriels et chimiques de vins issus des vignes plantées en 1995 et 1971 étaient dépendants du millésime mais pas de l’âge des vignes. Les profils des vins produits en 2016 étaient en superposables pour les trois groupes d’âge.Les travaux décrits dans ce manuscrit de thèse sont uniques, du fait notamment que le vignoble dans lequel ils ont été conduits a été conçu spécifiquement pour étudier l’effet de l’âge de la vigne dans des conditions environnementales comparables. Une fois que les vignes les plus jeunes ont atteint leur potentiel fructifère et ont été conduites de la même manière que les vignes plus âgées, leur productivité, la composition de leurs baies et la qualité des vins qu’elles produisent ont convergé avec celles des deux autres groupes. Plus intéressant encore, des vignes âgées de 19 et 43 ans se sont comportées de la même façon tout au long de l’étude et ont abouti à des vins comparables en termes d’analyses sensorielles, ce qui va à l’encontre de l’idée reçue qui veut que les vignes les plus âgées produisent des vins de qualité différente.Des travaux précédents ont démontré que la productivité des vignes, quel que soit leur âge, pouvait être expliquée par les réserves de bois et par la taille du tronc. Pour avoir une meilleure idée des différences liées aux réserves, la technique dite « structure-from-motion with multi-view stereo-photogrammetry » (SfM-MVS) a été testée pour mesurer l’épaisseur des troncs et leur volume. Cette technique qui permet la création de modèles tridimensionnels géo-référencés et à l’échelle a pu générer des modèles précis de tronc de vignes plantées en champVine age and its relation to the quality of the wine are topics of recurring interest, both scientific and economic. Consumers and actors in the wine sector seem to agree on the ability of old vines to produce wines of superior character. Despite ongoing research, the validity of this point of view remains debated and questions about the mechanisms through which old vines would end up with superior quality wines remain numerous. To try to answer them, the impact vine age on physiology, tolerance to water stress, and berry and wine quality were studied in an experimental vineyard planted with Vitis vinifera L. cv. of identical genetic material (Riesling Gm 239 grafted on 5C Teleki) but planted in different years.In 2014 and 2015, the vines planted in 2012 had not yet reached their full potential and had a significantly lower vegetative productivity and yield than the vines planted in 1995 and 1971. Moreover, the vines planted in 2012 were not subjected to the same grass treatment as older vines during this period to prevent excessive competition during establishment. The lower capacity of these vines and the absence of cover crop led to greater exposure of clusters to light and greater nitrogen accumulation, which resulted in a higher concentration of amino acids, monoterpenes, norisoprenoids, and flavonols in 2014 and 2015. In the following years (2016 and 2017), the yield and pruning weight of these vines, as well as their berry composition, were comparable to those of the older vines. The parameters of technological maturity (° Brix, total acidity and must pH) were not significantly affected by vine age.Vines planted in 1995 and 1971 showed similar physiological characteristics throughout the study with the exception of a higher incidence of esca syndrome in the older group. This disease was responsible for the decline in the total yield of vines planted in 1971, but individual yield per vine was equivalent for both groups.Sensory and chemical analyzes were conducted in 2017 on wines from previous vintages. The wines of the youngest vines were associated with aromas of ripe fruit and the kerosene aroma that is typical of Riesling. These wines were also identified by higher concentrations of potential monoterpenes and norisoprenoids and volatile sulfur compounds in 2014 and 2015 only. The sensory and chemical profiles of wines from vineyards planted in 1995 and 1971 were dependent on the vintage but not on the age of the vines. The wine profiles produced in 2016 were overlapping for the three age groups.The works described in this thesis manuscript are unique, particularly because the vineyard in which they were conducted was designed specifically to study the effect of the age of the vine under comparable environmental conditions. Once the youngest vines reached their fruiting potential and were conducted in the same way as the older vines, their productivity, the composition of their berries and the quality of the wines they produce converged with those of the two other groups. More interestingly, vines aged 19 and 43 years behaved similarly throughout the study and resulted in wines comparable in terms of sensory analysis, which goes against the an idea that the older vines produce wines of a different profile.Previous studies have shown that the productivity of the vines, whatever their age, could be explained by the wood reserves and the size of the trunk. To have a better idea of differences linked to reserves, the structure-from-motion with multi-view stereo-photogrammetry (SfM-MVS) method was tested to measure trunk thickness and volume. The technique, which allows the creation of scaled, georeferenced 3D models based on photographs, was able to produce accurate models of field-grown grapevine trunks
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Fuser, Vanessa <1990>. "Emporio del Vino - analisi di mercato sulla base dei prodotti proposti". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/9592.
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Quello del vino è un settore che negli ultimi decenni ha trovato uno sviluppo eccezionale.
Sono stati i nostri nonni, bisnonni e ancor prima trisnonni a dare il via a questo rapido processo di espansione.
Il primo lavoro che, fin dall’antichità, permise a l’uomo di sopravvivere e mantenere la propria famiglia fu proprio quello del contadino agricoltore.
Quello del contadino è un mestiere decisamente diverso dall’imprenditore agricolo. Il primo in realtà si distingue da molti altri lavori perché può mettere in discussione l’idea tradizionale di lavoro e la tirannia del Pil. Nella sua quotidianità, infatti, il contadino parte da una base di risorse autonoma e limitata e resta dentro i limiti di crescita perché le risorse a sua disposizione sono quelle date (la fertilità del suolo, la salute degli animali, la durata di attrezzi…). Ogni contadino, inoltre, è sempre anche un po’ muratore, falegname, artigiano, boscaiolo, a volte anche piccolo commerciante. Bisogna fare dunque uno sforzo intellettuale e uscire dalla visione delle cose profondamente acquisita per cui lavoro è solo ciò che dà reddito monetario, lavoratore solo colui che è inquadrabile in una univoca categoria professionale e l’agricoltura soltanto quella industriale.
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GALLERAND-SCHNEIDER, MARIE-ODILE. "Comportement de l'iode et du carbone vis-a-vis de materiaux a base de liant hydraulique". Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA112259.
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La presence inevitable de radioelements a vie longue au sein des dechets de faible et moyenne activite a vie courte necessite une attention particuliere. Deux de ces radioelements, presents dans des proportions radiologiquement acceptables, sont l'iode 129 et le carbone 14. En vue d'obeir aux exigences de surete, l'a. N. D. R. A. S'impose de connaitre le devenir de ces radioelements a court terme, au cours de la phase d'exploitation du centre, et a long terme, apres la periode de banalisation quand certains scenarii envisagent la construction d'habitations, ou le forage d'un puits sur le lieu du stockage. Dans l'optique de caracteriser le comportement de ces elements vis-a-vis des liants hydrauliques, materiaux de base utilises dans le confinement des dechets, notre recherche a ete orientee vers l'etude de leur transfert par diffusion a travers les barrieres ouvragees et de leur fixation via des phenomenes de sorption. Les elements iode et carbone ont ete pris en compte sous forme d'ions iodure, d'ions carbonate et d'ions acetate. Les resultats acquis soulignent la difference de comportement de ces 3 entites: les ions iodure et acetate ont peu d'affinite pour les liants hydrauliques en general ; le principal phenomene a prendre en consideration dans les etudes de surete est par consequent la diffusion. Les ions carbonate reagissent avec la chaux des liants et precipitent sous la forme de carbonate solide, c'est la carbonatation, phenomene preponderant tant que la reserve alcaline du materiau est suffisante. Outre ce processus, l'eventualite de diffusion de ces ions ainsi qu'un echange isotopique entre les atomes de carbone de la phase liquide et ceux de la phase solide ont ete mis en evidence. Ces mecanismes apparaissent comme secondaires etant donnee la cinetique etouffante de la carbonatation mais ils peuvent devenir importants quand le materiau atteint un certain niveau de degradation
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Richard, Stéphanie. "Vies et morts des couples. Les séparations conjugales princières (Deuxième Maison d’Orléans, XIVe-XVe siècles)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2016. http://ezproxy.normandie-univ.fr/login?url=https://www.classiques-garnier.com/numerique-bases/garnier?filename=SrdMS01.
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Cette thèse de doctorat étudie la séparation des époux princiers sous ses différentes formes, ainsi que les pratiques mises en oeuvre par les conjoints de la haute noblesse en de telles occasions. L’expression séparation conjugale permet de désigner des cas de figure divers : suspensions plus ou moins durables de la cohabitation entre mari et femme, ou désunions définitives, ces situations étant judiciairement sanctionnées ou non. La recherche s’appuie sur l’observatoire privilégié que constituent les couples mariés de la deuxième Maison d’Orléans aux XIVe-XVe siècles, car les vies maritales de ces ducs et duchesses permettent d’envisager un échantillon très diversifié de situations. Cette analyse permet de montrer que mariage et vie de couple renvoient à des réalités complexes, bien plus diverses que ce que suggèrent les prescriptions de l’Église et des laïcs sur le lien matrimonial et la vie conjugale. L’objectif de ce travail est également d’améliorer notre compréhension de la structure mari-femme et du fonctionnement des couples dans l’aristocratie princière. L’étude éclaire par conséquent les solidarités à l’œuvre entre les époux, lorsque ceux-ci se retrouvent séparés sans que cette situation ait été provoquée par leur volonté de ne plus se côtoyer. Elle montre que le couple se définit avant tout par des liens économiques entre mari et femme. La thèse permet aussi, en retour, de souligner les marges d’action dont peuvent disposer les conjoints, l’un par rapport à l’autre et dans la société, lorsqu’au moins l’un des époux entend mettre fin à la vie commune ou au mariageThis PhD thesis deals with the topic of marital separation in its various forms; it aims at analyzing the behaviors which are implemented by spouses of higher nobility on such occasions. The phrase marital separation may be used to designate a wide range of configurations: for example, when husband and wife, though still married, are not living together, or when a marriage comes to an end, all these situations being reached through a legal process or not. This research is especially based on a thorough analysis examining the couples of the Second House of Orleans in the 14th and 15th centuries, as the marital lives of these Dukes and Duchesses provide a large sample of possible cases of separation. The research shows that the realities associated with marriage and married life are much more complex than what ecclesiastical and secular rules suggest on these matters. Another purpose of this thesis is to improve our understanding of the conjugal structure in princely aristocracy and of how married couples work. Therefore, the study sheds light on the solidarities shared by spouses when their separation does not derive from their own will to part. It shows that married couples are primarily defined by economic bonds between husband and wife. This work also highlights the possible autonomy enjoyed by spouses, in society and towards each other, in the cases where at least one of them intends to adjourn cohabitation or wants to put an end to their marriage
Livros sobre o assunto "Vins de base"
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Clémentine, Lebon, ed. Le revenu de base: Une idée qui pourrait changer nos vies. Arles: Actes sud, 2017.
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Pérez Pérez, Alex Leandro. Bases para el diseño de la vivienda de interés social. Bogotá. Colombia: Universidad de La Salle. Ediciones Unisalle, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.19052/9789585136281.
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El presente libro muestra la vivienda de interés social (VIS) como un producto cuyo campo de acción fundamental es el diseño de la vivienda como espacio habitable, pero a su vez en relación con su entorno inmediato y con la ciudad, y precisamente en estas tres escalas se agrupan las variables objeto de estudio. Como cualquier investigación dentro del campo del diseño, combina métodos científicos de la investigación cuantitativa tradicional con otros propios de la investigación cualitativa como el estudio de casos.
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(Association), Arche, ed. A month among the vines: Daily devotions based on time shared with a L'Arche community in France. Chawton: Redemptorist Publications, 2005.
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Château Virant: 80 recettes à base de vins et d'huiles d'olive. Édisud, 1996.
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Decoin, Didier. Les Trois Vies de Babe Ozouf. Seuil, 2001.
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Christofides, Selena. Under the Vine: Plant Based Recipes from the Mediterranean. Independently Published, 2021.
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Kerridge, George, e Angela Gackle. Vines for Wines. CSIRO Publishing, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643092181.
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Riesling, Chardonnay, Shiraz and Cabernet Sauvignon grapes can make magnificent wines but there are also many other excellent wine varieties that for many of us are rarely experienced. Vines for Wines will expand the wine lover’s knowledge and appreciation of a great range of wines and help to explore their individual preferences for specific varieties, blends, flavours and styles.
This book is based on the highly successful Wine Grape Varieties, which is an aid to identifying grape vines. Vines for Wines, however, focuses on wines from the average consumer’s point-of-view, introducing the different wine grape varieties and the wines made from them, including blends. Each variety is represented by a colour photograph of the grape variety, its current world plantings, wine produced and notes describing the varietal characters for each wine grape variety.
The tasting terms and wine notes for each variety provide a benchmark for the consumer to assess the quality of wines they drink, and to allow them to share and compare their experiences confidently with other wine lovers.
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Niemierko, Rochus. d-Vine Copula-Based Quantile Regression Approach for the Prediction of Heating Energy Consumption. Using Historical Data for German Households. GRIN Verlag GmbH, 2019.
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Wallace, Neil. Some Unpleasant Monetarist Arithmetic. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691158709.003.0005.
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This chapter is a variation on the theme that monetary and fiscal policies are interrelated and must necessarily be coordinated. The issue of coordination arises when one wants to know whether it is possible for monetary policy permanently to influence an economy's inflation rate. One can imagine a monetary authority sufficiently powerful vis-à-vis the fiscal authority that by the imposition of slower rates of growth of base money, both now and into the indefinite future, it can successfully constrain fiscal policy by telling the fiscal authority how much seigniorage it can expect now and in the future. In this setting, monetary and fiscal policies are coordinated by having the monetary authority discipline the fiscal authority. The chapter first describes a simple model that embodies unadulterated monetarism before discussing the Cagan-Bresciani-Turroni effect.
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Thompson, Eric, Jonathan Rigg e Jamie Gillen, eds. Asian Smallholders in Comparative Perspective. Amsterdam University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9789048556533.
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Asian Smallholders in Comparative Perspective provides the first multicountry, inter-disciplinary analysis of the single most important social and economic formation in the Asian countryside: the smallholder. Based on ten core country chapters, the volume describes and explains the persistence, transformations, functioning and future of the smallholder and smallholdings across East and Southeast Asia. As well as providing a source book for scholars working on agrarian change in the region, it also engages with a number of key current areas of debate, including: the nature and direction of the agrarian transition in Asia, and its distinctiveness vis à vis transitions in the global North; the persistence of the smallholder notwithstanding deep and rapid structural change; and the question of the efficiency and productivity of smallholder-based farming set against concerns over global and national food security.
Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Vins de base"
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Gao, Ming, Zhitao Geng, Jingjing Pan, Zhenghui Yan, Chen Zhang, Gongcheng Shi, Haifeng Fan e Chuanlei Zhang. "SuperPoint and SuperGlue-Based-VINS-Fusion Model". In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 460–69. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-5666-7_39.
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Lazreg, Sami, Maxime Cordy e Axel Legay. "Verification of Variability-Intensive Stochastic Systems with Statistical Model Checking". In Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation. Adaptation and Learning, 448–71. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19759-8_27.
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AbstractWe propose a simulation-based approach to verify Variability-Intensive Systems (VISs) with stochastic behaviour. Given an LTL formula and a model of the VIS behaviour, our method estimates the probability for each variant to satisfy the formula. This allows us to learn the products of the VIS for which the probability stands above a certain threshold. To achieve this, our method samples VIS executions from all variants at once and keeps track of the occurrence probability of these executions in any given variant. The efficiency of this algorithm relies on Algebraic Decision Diagram (ADD), a dedicated data structure that enables orthogonal treatment of variability, stochasticity and property satisfaction. We implemented our approach as an extension of the ProVeLines model checker. Our experiments validate that our method can produce accurate estimations of the probability for the variants to satisfy the given properties.
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Wang, Huimin, Zhen Zhang e Hai Zhang. "Tightly Coupled VINS Based on Adaptive Nonlinear Complementary Filtering". In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 328–37. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6328-4_35.
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Czado, Claudia. "Recent Developments in Vine Copula Based Modeling". In Analyzing Dependent Data with Vine Copulas, 203–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13785-4_11.
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Subroto, Sujoy, e Conny Davidsen. "Conservation Ethos of Indigenous Munda Community vis à vis Land Grabbing Battles in Bangladesh's Sundarban Mangroves". In Indigenous Land-Based Knowledge and Sustainability, 136–56. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003471486-12.
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Ye, Guangqi, Jason Corso, Darius Burschka e Gregory D. Hager. "VICs: A Modular Vision-Based HCI Framework". In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 257–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-36592-3_25.
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Wei, Chao, Guanyu Li e Dongliang Chen. "Synthesis of Tibetan Amdo based on VITS". In Atlantis Highlights in Intelligent Systems, 391–97. Dordrecht: Atlantis Press International BV, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-490-7_43.
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Xu, Jia, e Longbing Cao. "Vine Copula-Based Asymmetry and Tail Dependence Modeling". In Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, 285–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93034-3_23.
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Lin, Tianliang, Zhongyuan He, Jiangdong Wu, Qihuai Chen e Shengjie Fu. "Intelligent Construction Machinery SLAM with Stereo Vision and Inertia Fusion". In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 1035–47. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-1876-4_82.
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AbstractPositioning technology is the foundation of intelligent construction machinery, the current mainstream positioning solution is simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) technology, which is mainly divided into lidar SLAM and visual SLAM. Due to the high cost of lidar, it is easy to degrade or even fail in scenes with a single environmental texture; while the cost of vision sensors is low and has a wealth of environmental texture information acquisition capabilities, which can effectively avoid degradation problems. In order to reduce the localization cost of intelligent construction machinery and improve the positioning accuracy, based on the VINS-Fusion stereo visual-inertial tightly coupled system framework, an improved Random Sampling Consensus (RANSAC) algorithm is used to reduce feature mismatch, and the Huber kernel function is used to IMU residuals and visual residuals are constrained to improve the effect of the SLAM system. Compared with the mainstream VINS-Fusion algorithm, the positioning root mean square error of this method on the EuRoC dataset is reduced by an average of 12.41%, which improves the positioning accuracy; simultaneously, the experimental results in the actual scene show that the motion trajectory of the algorithm, it is closer to the real trajectory than VINS-Fusion, which verifies the effectiveness of the method.
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Xu, Yi, Jin Zhang, Jinping Zhao, Junqi Song e Qingyi Yu. "An Improved Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) System in Zoysiagrass". In RNA-Based Technologies for Functional Genomics in Plants, 155–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64994-4_8.
Texto completo da fonteTrabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Vins de base"
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Peng, Yuxiang, Chuchu Chen e Guoquan Huang. "Ultrafast Square-Root Filter-based VINS". In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), 6966–72. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icra57147.2024.10610916.
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Chen, Chuchu, Yuxiang Peng e Guoquan Huang. "Fast and Consistent Covariance Recovery for Sliding-window Optimization-based VINS". In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), 13724–31. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icra57147.2024.10610360.
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Katragadda, Saimouli, Woosik Lee, Yuxiang Peng, Patrick Geneva, Chuchu Chen, Chao Guo, Mingyang Li e Guoquan Huang. "NeRF-VINS: A Real-time Neural Radiance Field Map-based Visual-Inertial Navigation System". In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), 10230–37. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icra57147.2024.10610051.
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Thulasiraman, Dharanya, e Dipanwita Haldar. "Comparison of Risat-1A Hybrid Polarimetry Based Crop Biomass Retrieval Vis-á-Vis Fully Polarimetric Spaceborne Sar Data". In IGARSS 2024 - 2024 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 4209–13. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss53475.2024.10641837.
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Tamar, Aviv, Yi Wu, Garrett Thomas, Sergey Levine e Pieter Abbeel. "Value Iteration Networks". In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/700.
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We introduce the value iteration network (VIN): a fully differentiable neural network with a `planning module' embedded within. VINs can learn to plan, and are suitable for predicting outcomes that involve planning-based reasoning, such as policies for reinforcement learning. Key to our approach is a novel differentiable approximation of the value-iteration algorithm, which can be represented as a convolutional neural network, and trained end-to-end using standard backpropagation.We evaluate VIN based policies on discrete and continuous path-planning domains, and on a natural-language based search task. We show that by learning an explicit planning computation, VIN policies generalize better to new, unseen domains.This paper is a significantly abridged and IJCAI audience targeted version of the original NIPS 2016 paper with the same title, available here: https://arxiv.org/abs/1602.02867
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Imadali, Sofiane, Alexandru Petrescu, Michael Boc e Veronique Veque. "VIN6: VIN-based IPv6 provider independent addressing for future vehicular internet communications". In 2013 IEEE 24th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2013.6666650.
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Nguyen, Trung, George K. I. Mann, Andrew Vardy e Raymond G. Gosine. "Developing Moving Horizon Estimation Based Ranging Measurement for Supporting Vision-Aided Inertial Navigation System". In ASME 2017 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2017-5185.
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The objective of this paper is to develop an advanced Vision-and-Ranging-aided Inertial Navigation System (VRINS), which combines a Vision-aided Inertial Navigation System (VINS) with Moving Horizon Estimation (MHE) based ranging measurement update. The traditional VINS estimate suffers the error accumulation from the camera observation, which makes the system diverge and fails to track the vehicle trajectory in long-term operation. Hence, a ranging sensor is integrated with VINS in the sequential-sensor-update structure, which allows the filter to operate for longer duration. The ranging measurement update is developed with the MHE, which directly incorporates the system constraints into the optimization process. The VINS is developed with Cubature Multi-State Constraint Kalman Filter (MSCKF), which has 30-dimension filter state, tight constraints of state transition and observability. Those elements need to be considered in the design of MHE optimization. The implementation of MHE is conducted with CASADI library. The proposed VRINS will be validated using KITTI dataset and compared against the VINS.
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Chen, Chuchu, Patrick Geneva, Yuxiang Peng, Woosik Lee e Guoquan Huang. "Optimization-Based VINS: Consistency, Marginalization, and FEJ". In 2023 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iros55552.2023.10341637.
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Zhang, Peizhi, Lu Xiong, Zhuoping Yu, Rong Kang, Mingyu Xu e Dequan Zeng. "VINS-PL-Vehicle: Points and Lines-based Monocular VINS Combined with Vehicle Kinematics for Indoor Garage". In 2020 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iv47402.2020.9304639.
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Zhang, Peizhi, Lu Xiong, Zhuoping Yu, Rong Kang, Mingyu Xu e Dequan Zeng. "VINS-PL-Vehicle: Points and Lines-based Monocular VINS Combined with Vehicle Kinematics for Indoor Garage". In 2020 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iv47402.2020.9304639.
Texto completo da fonteRelatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Vins de base"
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Arzheimer, Kai. To Russia with love? German populist actors’ positions vis-a-vis the Kremlin. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), março de 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/rp0020.
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Russia’s attack on Ukraine and its many international and national repercussions have helped to revive the fortunes of Germany’s main radical right-wing populist party, the “Alternative for Germany” (AfD). Worries about the threats posed to Germany’s traditional export-led industries by spiking energy prices, the country’s historical anxieties over becoming involved in armed conflict in Europe, and hundreds of thousands of refugees arriving in Germany seem to have contributed to a modest rise in the AfD’s poll numbers after a long period of stagnation. However, the situation is more complicated for the AfD than it would appear at first glance. While many party leaders and the rank-and-file have long held sympathies for Putin (and for Russia more generally), support for Ukraine among the German public remains strong, even if there is some disagreement about the appropriate means and the acceptable costs. At least some AfD voters are appalled by the levels of Russian violence against civilians. Like on many other issues, there is also a gap in opinion between Germany’s formerly communist federal states in the east and the western part of the country. The AfD’s leadership has responded by blaming the government and unspecified external actors for the economic crisis, calling for a “diplomatic solution,” and demanding a “return to normal.” While this policy has helped to keep the AfD’s base mobilized, the stated approach is scarcely feasible and has not led to a surge in support for the party among the general population.
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Tichar, Thomas, e Thirze Hermans. Mo ving from nature based solutions scenarios in the Netherlands to international and LMIC contexts : interNationaL2120. Wageningen: Wageningen University & Research, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/656484.
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Tel-Zur, Neomi, e Jeffrey J. Doyle. Role of Polyploidy in Vine Cacti Speciation and Crop Domestication. United States Department of Agriculture, janeiro de 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7697110.bard.
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1. Abstract: Over the past 25 years, vine cacti of the genera Hylocereus and Selenicereus have been introduced into Israel and southern California as new exotic fruit crops. The importance of these crops lies in their high water use efficiency and horticultural potential as exotic fruit crops. Our collaboration focused on the cytological, molecular and evolutionary aspects of vine cacti polyploidization to confront the agricultural challenge of genetic improvement, ultimately to improve success of vine cacti as commercial fruit crop plants. More specifically, we worked on the: 1- Identification of the putative ancestor(s) of the tetraploid H. megalanthus; 2- Determination of the number of origins of H. megalanthus (single vs. multiple origins of polyploidy); 3- Cytogenetic analysis of BC1 and F1 hybrids; 4- Determination of important agricultural traits and the selection of superior hybrids for cultivation. The plant material used in this study comprised interspecific Hylocereus F1 and first backcross (BC1) hybrids, nine Hylocereus species (58 genotypes), nine Selenicereus species (14 genotypes), and four Epiphyllum genotypes. Two BC1 hexaploids (BC-023 and BC-031) were obtained, a high ploidy level that can be explained only by a fertilization event between one unreduced female gamete from the triploid hybrid and a balanced gamete from the pollen donor, the diploid H. monacanthus. These findings are scientific evidence that support the possibility that “hybridization followed by chromosome doubling” could also occur in nature. Cytomixis, the migration of chromatin between adjacent cells through connecting cytoplasmatic channels, was observed in vine cacti hybrids and may thus imply selective DNA elimination in response to the allopolyploidization process. Evidence from plastid and nrDNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS) sequences support the placement of H. megalanthus within a monophyletic Hylocereus group. Furthermore, both plastid and ITS datasets are most consistent with a conclusion that this tetraploid species is an autopolyploid, despite observations that the species appears to be morphologically intermediate between Hylocereus and Selenicereus. Although the possibility of very narrow allopolyploidly (i.e., derivation from parents that are barely diverged from each other such as closely related species in the same genus) cannot be ruled out entirely based on our data (in part due to the unavailability of Hylocereus species considered to be morphologically the closest relatives of H. megalanthus), the possibility of H. megalanthus representing an intergeneric cross (i.e., Hylocereus × Selenicereus) seems extremely unlikely. Interestingly, the process of homogenization of ITS sequences (concerted evolution) is either incomplete or lacking in both Hylocereus and Selenicereus, and the inclusion of several artificial hybrids in the molecular study revealed the potential for biparental plastid inheritance in Hylocereus. The most important agricultural implication of this research project was the information collected for F1 and BC1 hybrids. Specifically, this project concluded with the selection of four superior hybrids in terms of fruit quality and potential yields under extreme high temperatures. These selected hybrids are self-compatible, avoiding the need for hand cross pollination to set fruits, thus reducing manpower costs. We recently offered these hybrids to growers in Israel for prioritized rapid evaluation and characterization.
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Witmer, Bob G. Device-Based Gunnery Training and Transfer between the Videodisk Gunnery Simulator (VIGS) and the Unit Conduct of Fire Trainer (UCOFT). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, maio de 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada197769.
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Schuch, Klaus. Patterns of Geographical Mobility of Researchers from Six Western Balkan Countries in Regional and European Mobility Based Training Programmes. Fteval - Austrian Platform for Research and Technology Policy Evaluation, julho de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2021.516.
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The aim of this paper is to analyse the mobility of researchers from the six Western Balkan Countries, Albania, Bosnia and Herzego-vina, Kosovo*1, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia (abbr. WB6) within structured regional and European mobility programmes. We want to identify geographical patterns with a view on mobility-based training from the WB6 region to the EU, but also within the WB6 region. The following structured regional European programmes provide the basis for this comparative analysis • CEEPUS • ERASMUS + • Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) • COST
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Le Bihan, Hervé, Danilo Leiva-León e Matías Pacce. Underlying inflation and asymetric risks. Madrid: Banco de España, julho de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/30849.
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We propose a new measure of underlying inflation that provides real-time information on asymmetric risks in the outlook for inflation. The asymmetries are generated by nonlinearities induced by economic activity. The new indicator is based on a multivariate regime-switching framework estimated using disaggregated sub-components of euro area HICP and has several additional advantages. First, it is able to swiftly infer abrupt changes in underlying inflation. Second, it helps track turning points in underlying inflation on a timely basis. Third, the proposed indicator also performs satisfactorily vis-à-vis several criteria relevant to inflation monitoring.
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Sithole, Neo, Konstantina Kastoriadou, Andrea Guidotti, Johann Mathies Diethelm, Luca Mancini e Gabriel Cyril Nguijol. Symposium Report: Impacts of Global Power Transition on Authoritarian Populism and Multilateralism. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), novembro de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/rp0045.
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This report is based on the ECPS’s Second Annual International Symposium titled ‘Impacts of Global Power Transition on Authoritarian Populism and Multilateralism’ which was held online in Brussels on March 30-31, 2022. Achieving a peaceful hegemonic change and power transitions, perhaps for the first time in history, requires Herculean efforts. In this context, a realistic reform agenda against the ongoing negative trends should focus on i) implementing better regulatory regimes for environmental protection, the spread of epidemics, and financial stability; ii) protecting the most fragile and “forgotten” people through improving global income distribution; iii) providing equal opportunities in global collective responsibility areas through relevant international public goods based on the principles of pluralism, participation, and transparency; iv) strengthening national sovereignty and the autonomous decision-making capacity of nation-states vis-a-vis globalization.
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Meir, Shimon, Michael Reid, Cai-Zhong Jiang, Amnon Lers e Sonia Philosoph-Hadas. Molecular Studies of Postharvest Leaf and Flower Abscission. United States Department of Agriculture, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7696523.bard.
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Original objectives: Understanding the regulation of abscission competence by exploring the nature and function of auxin-related gene expression changes in the leaf and pedicelAZs of tomato (as a model system), was the main goal of the previously submitted proposal. We proposed to achieve this goal by using microarray GeneChip analysis, to identify potential target genes for functional analysis by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). To increase the potential of accomplishing the objectives of the previously submitted proposal, we were asked by BARD to show feasibility for the use of these two modern techniques in our abscission system. Thus, the following new objectives were outlined for the one-year feasibility study: 1.to demonstrate the feasibility of the VIGS system in tomato to perform functional analysis of known abscission-related genes; 2. to demonstrate that by using microarray analysis we can identify target genes for further VIGS functional analysis. Background to the topic: It is a generally accepted model that auxin flux through the abscission zone (AZ) prevents organ abscission by rendering the AZ insensitive to ethylene. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for acquisition of abscission competence and the way in which the auxin gradient modulates it are still unknown. Understanding this basic stage of the abscission process may provide us with future tools to control abscission for agricultural applications. Based on our previous study, performed to investigate the molecular changes occurring in leaf and stem AZs of MirabillisJalapaL., we have expanded our research to tomato, using genomic approaches that include modern techniques for gene discovery and functional gene characterization. In our one-year feasibility study, the US team has established a useful system for VIGS in tomato, using vectors based on the tobacco rattle virus (TRV), a Lcreporter gene for silencing (involved in regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis), and the gene of interest. In parallel, the Israeli team has used the newly released Affymetrix Tomato GeneChip to measure gene expression in AZ and non-AZ tissues at various time points after flower removal, when increased sensitivity to ethylene is acquired prior to abscission (at 0-8 h), and during pedicelabscission (at 14 h). In addition, gene expression was measured in the pedicel AZ pretreated with the ethylene action inhibitor, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) before flower removal, to block any direct effects of ethylene. Major conclusions, solutions and achievements: 1) The feasibility study unequivocally established that VIGS is an ideal tool for testing the function of genes with putative roles in abscission; 2) The newly released Affymetrix Tomato GeneChip was found to be an excellent tool to identify AZ genes possibly involved in regulation and execution of abscission. The VIGS-based study allowed us to show that TAPG, a polygalacturonase specifically associated with the tomato AZ, is a key enzyme in the abscission process. Using the newly released Affymetrix Tomato GeneChip we have identified potential abscission regulatory genes as well as new AZ-specific genes, the expression of which was modified after flower removal. These include: members of the Aux/IAAgene family, ethylene signal transduction-related genes, early and late expressed transcription factors, genes which encode post-translational regulators whose expression was modified specifically in the AZ, and many additional novel AZ-specific genes which were previously not associated with abscission. This microarray analysis allowed us to select an initial set of target genes for further functional analysis by VIGS. Implications: Our success in achieving the two objectives of this feasibility study provides us with a solid basis for further research outlined in the original proposal. This will significantly increase the probability of success of a full 3-year project. Additionally, our feasibility study yielded highly innovative results, as they represent the first direct demonstration of the functional involvement of a TAPG in abscission, and the first microarray analysis of the abscission process. Using these approaches we could identify a large number of genes involved in abscission regulation, initiation and execution, and in auxin-ethylene cross-talk, which are of great importance, and could enable their potential functional analysis by VIGS.
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Ardanaz, Martín, Eduardo A. Cavallo, Alejandro Izquierdo e Jorge Puig. Output Effects of Fiscal Consolidations: Does Spending Composition Matter? Inter-American Development Bank, dezembro de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003881.
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This paper studies whether changes in the composition of public spending affect the macroeconomic consequences of fiscal consolidations. Based on a sample of 44 developing countries and 26 advanced economies during 1980-2019, results show that while fiscal consolidations tend to be on average, contractionary, the size of the output fall depends on the behavior of public investment vis-a-vis public consumption during the fiscal adjustment, with heterogeneous responses growing over time. When public investment is penalized relative to public consumption and thus, its share in public expenditures decreases, a 1 percent of GDP consolidation reduces output by 0.7 percent within three years of the fiscal shock. In contrast, safeguarding public investment from budget cuts vis-a-vis public consumption can neutralize the contractionary effects of fiscal adjustments on impact, and can even spur output growth over the medium term. The component of GDP that mostly drives the heterogeneity between both types of adjustments is private investment. The results hold up to a number of robust-ness tests, including alternative identification strategies of fiscal shocks. The findings have policy implications for the design of fiscal adjustment strategies to protect economic growth as countries recover from the coronavirus pandemic.consolidation reduces output by 0.7 percent within three years of the fiscal shock. In contrast, safeguarding public investment from budget cuts vis-a-vis public consumption can neutralize the contractionary effects of fiscal adjustments on impact, and can even spur output growth over the medium term. The component of GDP that mostly drives the heterogeneity between both types of adjustments is private investment. The results hold up to a number of robustness tests, including alternative identification strategies of fiscal shocks. The findings have policy implications for the design of fiscal adjustment strategies to protect economic growth as countries recover from the coronavirus pandemic.
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Warin, Thierry. The World Health Organization in a Post-COVID-19 Era: An Exploration of Public Engagement on Twitter. CIRANO, junho de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/ehuh4224.
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This article analyses the conversations on Twitter related to the World Health Organization (WHO). We collect the text of the discussions as well as the metadata associated with each tweet. Our dataset is exhaustive as it includes all the tweets produced by WHO. Likes, retweets, and replies capture the level of engagement. The goal is to quantify the balance of likes, retweets, and replies, also known as “ratios”, and study their dynamics as proxy for the collective engagement in response to WHO’s communications. Our results demonstrate a higher engagement of the public receiving the information pushed by WHO. This engagement translates into a more balanced reaction with still a more likely favorable opinion vis-à-vis WHO, but with also more challenges. This protocol based on quantitative measures to serve as a proxy to the legitimacy concept seems to hold its promises. In particular, we also perform a simple sentiment analysis to check the robustness of our conclusions.