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Rupasov, Alexander Ivanovich. "Review on: Aleksander Szklennik. «Wspomnienia o wydarzeniach w Wilnie i w kraju». Dziennik. Wstęp i opracowanie Joanna Gierowska-Kałłaur. Część I. Warszawa: Instytut Historii PAN, 2018. 960 s. ISBN 978-83-65880-36-9; Część II. Warszawa: Instytut Historii PAN, 2019. 1067 s. ISBN 978-83-65880-77-2 / Morfozy społeczne. 18." Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana 31, n.º 1 (2022): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu19.2022.113.
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A review of an edition of the diary of a prominent figure in the Vilna (Vilnius) cooperative Alexander Szklennik, which he began keeping a few months before the German occupation of the city and before the November Revolution in Germany. The manuscript of the diary was donated 15 years after the author’s death by his relatives to the Vilna Association of Friends of Science. Its publication was carried out by Dr Joanna Gierowska-Kałłaur. The published diary is the only such comprehensive and stunningly accurate picture at the disposal of historians of everyday life in Vilna during the German occupation. The picture of the real situation in Vilna and the Vilna region in 1915–1918 remained unclear for a long time, due to the one-sidedness of Polish historiography, the influence of German and Lithuanian historical politics and the myth of the foundation of the Belarusian People’s Republic. For Polish historiography, the most significant factor limiting the possibility of a reliable historical analysis of the situation in Vilna was the lack of access for Polish historians to the sources remaining in «archival dispersal» outside Poland. The diary’s text, replete with details of everyday life in the city and descriptions of political disagreements between the national communities (Poles, Lithuanians, Belarusians and Jews), makes it possible to recreate a comprehensive picture of life in the city during the occupation period.
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Kassow, Samuel D. "The Mother City of Jewish Public Life: Zalmen Reyzen's Image of Interwar Vilna". Colloquia 48 (30 de dezembro de 2021): 152–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.51554/coll.21.48.10.
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A specific vision of Vilna as the model of an East European Jewish civil society crystallised in the years during and just after the First World War, and Vilna’s professional elites and journalists played a critical role in the crafting and shaping of this idea. This paper shows how Zalmen Reyzen, a leading Vilna Yiddishist intellectual who edited Vilna’s most important Yiddish daily between the wars, Der tog (1919–1939), tirelessly sought to convince others that Vilna had a special role to play as a model for the entire Jewish Diaspora, as a city uniquely suited to build a Jewish civil society based on a shared language, Yiddish. Reyzen told his readers in articles and editorials that the collapse of the tsarist regime gave Jews an unprecedented chance to build a new secular school system, create a new democratic communal board (kehile), and break the stranglehold of old communal elites.
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Lempertienė, Lara. "Moyshe Kulbak's and Zalman Shneour's Vilnius: Poetic Reality versus Gloriours Contruct". Colloquia 48 (30 de dezembro de 2021): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.51554/coll.21.48.14.
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During the interwar period, many attempts were made to perceive and interpret the legacy of Jewish Vilnius, both in the city itself and abroad. Many of the images of the city created in that period betray nostalgic and half-mythological features, even while they present a living and breathing Jewish environment. This essay is a comparative case study of two literary texts that might provide some answers to these questions. One is the Hebrew poem Vilna by Zalman Shneour (1919), and the other is the Yiddish poem ‘Vilne’ by Moyshe Kulbak (1926). Each poet, the paper argues, set opposing goals for himself: for Shneour, it was creating an ode to a legendary centre of Jewish learning and spirituality; while Kulbak attempted to capture the pulse of the actual city that he lived in. Accordingly, Shneour essentially reiterated every traditional rhetorical trope of Jewish Vilnius, without creating a new poetic vision of it; whereas Kulbak used the potential of modernised Yiddish and Expressionist poetics to paint a vibrant and exciting portrait of the city. However, after the trauma of the physical loss of Jewish Vilnius during the Second World War, it was Shneour’s stylistic approach and depiction of the city that would prevail.
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Seligman, Jon, Paul Bauman, Richard Freund, Harry Jol, Alastair McClymont e Philip Reeder. "Mapping Ponar (Paneriai)". Human Remains and Violence 6, n.º 1 (abril de 2020): 15–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/hrv.6.1.3.
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The Ponar-Paneriai base, the main extermination site of Vilna-Vilnius, began its existence as a Red Army fuel depot in 1940. After Nazi occupation of the city in 1941 the Einsatzgruppen and mostly Lithuanian members of the Ypatingasis būrys used the pits dug for the fuel tanks for the murder of the Jews of Vilna and large numbers of Polish residents. During its operation, Ponar was cordoned off, but changes to the topography of the site since the Second World War have made a full understanding of the site difficult. This article uses contemporary plans and aerial photographs to reconstruct the layout of the site, in order to better understand the process of extermination, the size of the Ponar base and how the site was gradually reduced in size after 1944.
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Astapenka, Anatol. "Borders of the Belarusian Ethnos-nation in the Historical Retrospective". Ethnic History of European Nations, n.º 63 (2021): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2518-1270.2021.63.10.
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The boundaries of the Belarusian people were determined by the area of settlement of the ancient tribes that form the future Belarusian ethnos-nation and have changed relatively little over the centuries. The ancestors of modern Belarusians were the Slavic tribes Krivichi, Dregovichi and Radimichi, as well as Lithuania. The boundaries of the settlement of the Krivichi according to modern encyclopedic information are the upper reaches of the Western Dvina, Dnieper and Volga, the territory of the present Vitebsk, Mogilev, Pskov, Bryansk and Smolensk regions. The eastern border of the settlement of the Dregovichi tribes was determined along the Dnieper River, the northern border ran from Novo-Bykhov to the northwest along the watershed of the Drut and Berezina rivers to Borisov. The southern border according to data from the Ipatiev list of the Tale of Bygone Years is the Pripyat and Western Dvina rivers. From that source, we know that the Radimich tribes settled in the Sozh River basin. The formation of the Belarusian pro-ethnic group dates back to the time of the formation of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Lithuanian tribe played a decisive role in this process, the boundaries of which were precisely determined by N. I. Ermolovich. The chronicle Lithuania lay not far from Minsk: these are Upper Panemonia, Novogradchina, Karelichi lands, the Shchara river (Slonim district) is mentioned as the southern border. At the beginning of the twentieth century academician E. F. Karsky in his monograph «Belarusians», for the first time outlined the boundaries of the Belarusian ethnos. At present a detailed study and analysis of the maps of the settlement of Belarusians in the historical context have been carried out by E. E. Shiryaev in the monograph «White Rus, Black, Lithuania in Maps». In this work attention is drawn to the fact that there is a tendency for the transformation of ethnic Belarusians into Poles on the territory of the Bialystok Voivodeship, which became part of Poland in 1944. On these lands Belarusians have always been the authentic population. Another problem that constantly faced Belarusians in the twentieth century is the problem of the Vilna region. On October 10, 1939 in Moscow an Agreement was signed on the transfer of the city of Vilna and the Vilna region to the Republic of Lithuania. In 1991 the National Democratic Party of Belarus (NDPB) issued a statement in which it was said that the Vilna region should be granted a separate status of state autonomy, and self-government should be formed on the principles of equal representation of «the main peoples: Belarusians, Lithuanians, Poles and Russians». In addition it was proposed to give Vilna the status of a free city and turn it into a European center (The Golden Bridge is in the terminology of the 20–30s).
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Estraikh, Gennady. "Vilna on the Spree: Yiddish in Weimar Berlin". Aschkenas 16, n.º 1 (26 de março de 2007): 103–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/asch.2006.103.
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Yiddish-speakers, or Ostjuden (Eastern [European] Jews), who built a visible minority in the-turn-of-the-twentieth-century Berlin, usually migrated to the Kaiserreich capital from the then German territory of Posen (Poznan) as well as from Russian and Austro-Hungarian Poland. In Berlin, they would settle in the proletarian East of the city, most notably in the Scheunenviertel (Barn Quarter), the slum quarter »a few blocks northeast of Alexanderplatz, bounded by Linienstrasse to the north, Oranienburgerstrasse to the west and south and Landsberger Allee to the east.« The Scheunenviertel, however, never became a Jewish ghetto in the true sense of the word, because Ostjuden lived there together with other outsiders twice over – non-German and foreign-born. In addition, absorption of Jewish newcomers usually faced less problems in Berlin than, for example, in Vienna. Although thousands of full-bearded »caftan Jews« and their families never acquired assets for social mobility and stayed put in the Alexanderplatz area, many others would work their way up from the lowest rung on the social ladder and move to more elegant districts, including Charlottenburg, merging there with »real« Western Jews.
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Krutikov, Mikhail. "Vilne, Vilne undzer Meka: A City on the Border between Old and New, East and West". Colloquia 48 (30 de dezembro de 2021): 31–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.51554/coll.21.48.04.
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One of the key features of the image of Vilnius is its position on a symbolic spatial and chronological border. Depending on the ideological agenda of a particular imperial or national discourse, Vilnius can be located on the western or the eastern frontier of the imaginary imperial realm (Russian or German respectively), or as a historic national capital (for Poles, Lithuanians and Belarusians). Correspondingly, different national and imperial narratives evaluated particular historical periods differently, usually portraying the more remote past positively, as opposed to the most recent past. The Russian city guide by Flavian Dobrianskii and the German books by Paul Weber and Paul Monty, published respectively before and during the First World War, described the city from two opposite perspectives using the same conceptual opposition of East versus West. Unlike these dichotomous representations, Jewish Modernist poetry, exemplified by two poems entitled ‘Vilna’, by the Hebrew poet Zalman Shneour and the Yiddish poet Moyshe Kulbak, as well as the Yiddish city guide by Zalmen Szyk, sought to restore the imaginary unity of time and space, celebrating the complexity and diversity of the city.
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Gerasimova, Irina. "Quarantine in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania: the Voivodeship of Prince Vasily Borisovich Sheremetev During the Plague of 1657". ISTORIYA 13, n.º 2 (112) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840019792-0.
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The article reconstructs the activities of one of the closest boyars of the Russian Tsar Alexey Mikhailovich — Prince Vasily Borisovich Sheremetev on the Belarusian-Ukrainian lands during the war between Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1654—1667) during 1657. During this short period of time, he received four appointments from the Tsar as voivode of the cities of Smolensk, Vilna, Borisov and Shklov. At the same time, he could only get to the first city and immediately received a new order to be appointed voivode in Vilna. The paper considers the reasons for changing the Royal decree and the urgent need for the Prince to come to Vilna as a voivode, which was not previously discussed in the scientific literature. On the way to the capital, V. B. Sheremetev received information about the outbreak of the plague there. The news of this caught him not far from Borisov, in connection with which he was forced to be appointed voivode of Borisov together with the former voivode there I. A. Rzhevsky. In Borisov V. B. Sheremetev became a link between the Russian voivodeships in the territories of the Lithuanian Duchy, partially infected with the pestilence, and the Discharge order. He was responsible for all correspondence between the voivodes and the Tsar. Letters were repeatedly rewritten at the Borisov outposts, read by the Prince and retold in his replies to the tsar. Lists were copied in Borisov from the voivodeships of Kovna, Minsk and Grodno too. In addition, V.B. Sheremetyev established checkpoints for people-outposts, observed quarantine measures established in letters by the Russian Tsar, detained embassies and messengers to the Tsar from European countries to prevent the spread of a deadly disease. In his replies, he reported that he had to deal with the problems of the local population, which was being ravaged by the frequent raids of Cossacks due to the epidemic, to billet and provide for the regiments of the Russian army that came to Borisov, to supervise the issue of the oath of Lithuanian hetmans and their troops. In September, the Tsar decided to dismiss the army and appoint the Prince as voivode in another city of the Lithuanian Principality — Shklov, due to the outbreak of a pestilence in the Borisov district.
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Alexander, Kiselev. "Police in the Western Remote Parts of the Empire: the Structure, Functions and Personnel of the Vilna City Police Department at the Beginning of the 20th Century". Almanac “Essays on Conservatism” 2 (27 de maio de 2022): 86–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24030/24092517-2022-0-2-86-98.
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At the beginning of the 20th century, the Vilna City Police Department had a police density higher than the average in most cities of the same size in the German or British Empires. However, taking into account the multi-ethnicity of the population, the border position of the city and its accelerated socio-economic development, the police staff was not excessively significant. The existing police staff proved to be incapable of resisting alone the mass political riots in 1905. On the initiative of both the government and local authorities, the quality of police control over crime was improved. Most of the police were recruited from the local residents, with Catholics dominating among the lower ranks of the police, despite the attempts of the authorities to change that. The structure of the city police department was similar to that of the central provinces of the empire.
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Kuznitz, Cecile E. "Touring Vilna: Images of the City and its Jews in Guidebooks and Travelogues, 1856–1939". Colloquia 48 (30 de dezembro de 2021): 56–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.51554/coll.21.48.05.
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From the mid-19th century through the end of the interwar period, a variety of texts about Vilna were published to guide and inform both tourists and armchair travellers. The Polish, French and German language guidebooks and travelogues considered in this article were composed both by native sons and visitors who wished to share their impressions of the city, its notable sights, and its residents. While some overlooked the presence of Jews, most devoted some space to Vilna’s Jewish landmarks. Overwhelmingly, they focused their attention on the Jewish quarter, the traditional heart of Jewish life, although a minority ventured to newer neighbourhoods, where they discovered a vibrant modern community. Their attitudes included a mix of sympathy, fascination and revulsion; many employed the language of orientalism, even as they invested that language with a variety of meanings. These authors’ narratives were shaped by their views of the various groups that comprised Vilna’s diverse population, as well as by commitments ranging from Polish nationalism to pacifism. Such accounts thus illuminate competing visions of the larger society and the place of Jews within it
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Braun-Lewensohn, Orna. "Challenges, Opportunities, and Coping in the Wake of the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Case of Jewish Communities around the World". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, n.º 2 (8 de janeiro de 2023): 1107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021107.
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Against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, which lasted more than two years and included several waves, the present study focused on Jewish communities around the world, in order to understand the role of community during the pandemic. This study focused on the community mechanisms that helped community members to cope with the pandemic. To that end, between October 2021 and July 2022, in-person interviews were conducted with leaders and members of the following communities: Budapest, Hungary; Subotica, Serbia; Vienna, Austria; Bratislava, Slovakia; Vilna, Lithuania; Buenos Aires, Rosario, Salta, and Ushuaia in Argentina; and Mexico City and Cancun in Mexico. Each interview lasted between 45 min and 1.5 h. All of the interviews were audio-recorded and transcripts of those recordings were prepared. Three major themes emerged from the interviews: challenges, coping, and opportunities. Most of these themes were common to the different communities around the world. The findings of this work are discussed in terms of the concept of sense of community and resiliency theories.
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Braziūnienė, Alma. "Panoraminis Vilniaus planas (1581) ir jo sekiniai LMA Vrublevskių bibliotekoje / Panoramic Plan of Vilnius (1581) and its Derivatives in the Wroblewski Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences". LMA Vrublevskių bibliotekos darbai 12 (2023): 150–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.54506/lmavb.2023.12.8.
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The renowned panoramic plan of Vilnius, Vilna Litvaniae metropolis, was for the first time printed in Cologne in 1581. It appeared in the third volume of Civitates orbis terrarum, an atlas of the world’s most important cities, the publication of which was initiated in 1572 by Georg Braun (1541–1622), Cologne church dean, geographer and publisher, and Franz Hogenberg (1535–1590), Flemish cartographer and engraver. The six-volume atlas was first released in Latin (1572–1617/1618), then in German (1574–1618), and finally in French (1579–1618). City images featured in this very popular atlas also were published as separate prints. The copper plates for these images were sold by Hogenberg’s heirs to the Amsterdam atlas publisher Johannes Janssonius (1588–1664), who published his own atlas in 1657. Later purchased by other cartographic publishers of Amsterdam, the plates kept being republished until completely worn out in the mid-18th century. The panoramic plan from this atlas is the earliest image of Vilnius that has reached us today. It features mid-16th-century Vilnius shown as if from a bird’s eye view – such was the tradition of depicting cities at that time. Researchers agree that this Vilnius image is not historically accurate and contains numerous errors. The creators of the plan are believed to have based their city image on an earlier work, probably by Italian cartographers, adding to it various travellers’ depictions of the then capital of the Grand Duchy. The Rare Books Department of the Wroblewski Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences holds three copies of Vilna Litvaniae metropolis. They were all printed in the times of Braun and Hodenberg using the same copper plates. The earliest of them is the copy with the second part of the text in German. According to the bibliography Koeman’s Atlantes Neerlandici, it may have been printed in 1582. Previously, this copy was in possession of Petras Klimas (1891–1969), Lithuanian statesman and bibliophile. It was received by the library currently known as the Wroblewski Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences together with Petras Klimas’ archive (F 191) from the former Kaunas State University in 1950. The other two copies have no provenance marks. They presumably used to belong to the Wroblewski State Library, which was active in Vilnius in the interwar period. The second copy was published between 1588 and 1593; the third, between 1616 and 1623, both have Latin text. The Wroblewski Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences holds several later derivatives of this panoramic plan of Vilnius. A several-times-reduced (16×24) panoramic plan was engraved by Georg Christoph Kilian (1709–1781) circa 1740 and published by the Bodenehrs, Augsburg engravers and publishers. A lithographic image of Vilnius in an even smaller format (17.5×13.5) was included in the history of Vilnius published by Józef Ignacy Kraszewski (1812–1887) in 1840. It was created in Vilnius at the lithographic firm of Józef Ozębłowski (Oziębłowski, 1805–1878), which existed in 1833–1863. Three other plans of Vilnius deriving from the Vilnius image in the Braun-Hogenberg atlas were lithographed in the late 19th – early 20th century. One of them was redrawn at a smallish lithographic company belonging to the Vilnius City Board and active from 1877 to approximately 1915. Unlike the other derivatives, it contains not only objects copied from earlier Vilnius city images, but also new ones: the Rasos Cemetery, the Green Bridge, the Franciscan monastery, etc. – its creators attempted to bring it closer to their time. The two other Vilnius images are identical to the plan in the Braun-Hogenberg atlas. One of them was printed in Vilnius at the lithographic firm of Notel Matz, which existed from 1873 to 1938, the other, at A.Transhel’s printing house in St. Petersburg, which was active in the second half of the 19th century – the early 20th century. These plans were lithographed in the late 19th – early 20th century. They have so far been little studied and still await attention from researchers. Keywords: Braun-Hogenberg atlas; panoramic plan; Vilnius; copper engravings; lithography; Georg Bodenehr; Vilnius City Board lithography; Notel Matz; A.Transhel’s printing company.
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Giannakopoulos, Georgios. "An Age of Ages: Nation, Empires and their Discontents". Contemporary European History 29, n.º 2 (27 de janeiro de 2020): 232–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777320000016.
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In August 1902 the British Conservative MP for East London, William Evans-Gordon, spent two months in Eastern Europe surveying the living conditions of Jewish populations across the Russian Pale of Settlement. His reflections – and photographs – morphed into a booklet published the following year in London, entitled The Alien Immigrant. Abstracts from the manuscript were read in the commission hearings that led to the adoption of the Aliens Act in 1905, a milestone in the introduction of immigration controls across the United Kingdom and the codification of the legal right to asylum. Among the places that Evans-Gordon visited was Vilna, also known in Polish as Wilno – today's Vilnius. The city was ‘one of the most congested cities of the Jewish pale’; it lay in ‘the centre of the great Jewish drama’. Facing the misery of the Jewish ghetto Evans-Gordon ruminated on the conditions of life in the slums of east London which were populated by Jewish families during the period of the ‘Great Departure’. Eerily anticipating present-day debates across Europe, The Alien Immigrant framed the migration crisis as a ‘national question’ and warned prospective migrants that the United Kingdom could not offer them a better future. Evans-Gordon's arguments gave popular anti-Semitism a progressive veneer. ‘When altruism towards aliens leaves some of our poorest folk without homes and without work’, he noted, ‘it is time to say that the burden of solving the problems of Eastern Europe is not to be laid on them’.
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Belova, Irina B. "“The Human Waves”: F. A. Kudrinsky’s Diary Entries about the Refugees of the First World War (1915)". Herald of an archivist, n.º 1 (2022): 229–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2022-1-229-241.
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The article is devoted to the events of summer-autumn 1915, as reflected in the diary of Fedot A. Kudrinsky, teacher of the Vilna gymnasium, who became a refugee and got settled in the city of Rogachev, Mogilev gubernia. Kudrinsky's diaries tell of mass refugee movement from the territories controlled by the North-Western Front coming through the uezd town of Rogachev, which became one of the refugees’ centers. The author was in Rogachev on official business in July 1915, prior to mass movement of refugees further into the empire. At that time, he witnessed a week-long stay of German colonists of Russian citizenship who had been deported by the military authorities from the front line to the Chernigov gubernia. They moved on carts hired at the state expense, accompanied by mounted guards, making stops on the way to change horses. Kudrinsky describes their life and customs, their pro-German moods, and negative attitude towards authorities. He also records the appearance of the very first refugees in Rogachev in April 1915: families of employees from the Kovno gubernia arrived in the city, having fled hastily from the Germans. The attitude of the local population and authorities to them is shown. Though a representative of local administration and executive authorities, Kudrinsky learned in mid-July 1915 that at least 65 000 refugees were to be sent through Rogachev. However, in 1915, about 700 000 refugees heading in an easterly direction were registered in Rogachev. By August 1915, the refugee movement grew to mass proportions. Residents of the Kholm and Lublin gibernias followed their horse-drawn route from Bobruisk through Rogachev. To move further, it was necessary to cross the Dnieper in Rogachev by ferry (due to the lack of bridges along its entire length from Mogilev to Kiev). For this reason, the small town Rogachev was overcrowded with horse-drawn transport. However, by late August, the problem was solved with the opening of two new bridges at once, and the streets became less crowded. Kudrinsky details the appearance of the refugees and everything inside their carts. He outlines the appearance and road moods of the residents of different gubernias. In his interactions with the refugees, Kudrinsky learned, among other things, that peasants did rob the noble estates on the way, never considering it shameful because of the military disaster. While waiting to be sent by rail, refugees lived in Rogachev, on the territory assigned to them, up to several weeks, building tents of wooden shields and cooking food on bonfires that burned day and night. They also went to the feeding stations, although not regularly as there were long queues. As the author witnessed first-hand, there was no strict control over admission to the station of only those who had received “receipts” for departure, nor over boarding the cars. By late September, the refugees were no longer sent through Rogachev. In the second decade of October, they became noticeably fewer in the city. Those who remained moved to barracks and dugouts. The feeding stations were able to distribute food much faster. By the evening of October 20, all the refugees had left Rogachev for interior regions of the empire by rail. Meanwhile, on November 12, new refugee carts appeared in large numbers on the streets of the city coming from the Novogrudok uezd of the Minsk gubernia. They were to be sent from Rogachev to the interior regions. The refugees had already been resettled twice within the territories controlled by the military authorities. Finally, it was deemed expedient to send them to the rear, and now they had to move to yet another place of temporary residence until the end of the war. Despite the arrival of this last large batch of refugees in Rogachev, the mass refugee movement, according to Kudrinsky, had dried up by early November.
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Boyer, M. Christine. "New York, city of artifice". Villes en parallèle 20, n.º 1 (1994): 286–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/vilpa.1994.1185.
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Apparecido Junior, Jose Antonio. "Projeto de intervenção urbana Vila Leopoldina-Villa-Lobos: resenha crítica sobre os principais aspectos jurídicos / Urban intervention project Vila Leopoldina-Villa-Lobos: critical review on the main legal aspects". Revista de Direito da Cidade 12, n.º 3 (9 de dezembro de 2020): 344–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/rdc.2020.43763.
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ResumoO presente artigo tem por objetivo realizar uma análise crítica do Projeto de Lei n. 428/2019, do Município de São Paulo, que tem por objeto estabelecer objetivos, diretrizes, estratégias e mecanismos para a implantação do Projeto de Intervenção Urbana Vila Leopoldina-Villa Lobos e cria a Área de Intervenção Urbana correspondente, naquele município. Para tanto, disserta inicialmente sobre a natureza e o conteúdo dos denominados “Projetos de Intervenção Urbana”, previstos na Lei Municipal n. 16.402/2014, o Plano Diretor Estratégico de São Paulo, delimitando suas finalidades e possibilidades de atuação. Após, analisa criticamente os dispositivos do apontado projeto de lei, tecendo considerações pertinentes às novidades em termos de proposta de regulação urbanística em si estabelecidos. O resultado do trabalho é a constatação de uma abordagem inovadora e diferenciada da instrumentação jurídica prevista no projeto de lei, já que elaborada de forma a atender especificamente aos termos de um projeto urbanístico derivado do plano diretor, ao mesmo tempo em que proporciona a implantação da política de desenvolvimento urbano nele previsto.Palavras-chave: Direito urbanístico. Projeto de Intervenção Urbana. Área de Intervenção Urbana. Potencial Construtivo Adicional. Regulação Urbanística. AbstractThe purpose of this article is to carry out a critical analysis of the mains aspects of Draft Law no. 428/2019, of the municipality of São Paulo City, whose purpose is to establish objectives, guidelines, strategies and mechanisms for the implementation of the Vila Leopoldina-Villa Lobos Urban Intervention Project (Projeto de Intervenção Urbana Vila Leopoldina-Villa Lobos) and create the corresponding Urban Intervention Area (Área de Intervenção Urbana) in that municipality. In order to do so, it first discusses the nature and content of the so-called "Urban Intervention Projects", provided for in Municipal Law n. 16,402/2014, the Strategic Master Plan of São Paulo (Plano Diretor Estratégico), delimiting its purposes and possibilities of action. Afterwards, it critically analyzes the provisions of the aforementioned bill, weaving considerations pertinent to the novelties in terms of the proposal of urban regulation itself established. The result of the work is the finding of an innovative and differentiated approach to the legal instrumentation envisaged in the draft law, since it is designed in order to specifically meet the terms of an urban project derived from the master plan, while at the same time providing the implementation of the urban development policy envisaged.Keywords: Urban Law. Urban Intervention Project. Urban Intervention Area. Additional Constructive Potential. Urban Regulation
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Cervo, Nathan. "Chiarini's Retort to Zanella: Browning's Italian Critics". Browning Institute Studies 14 (1986): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0092472500003485.
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Giuseppe Chiarini was an Italian poet, translator, and critic. In 1874 he sent a copy of his Poesie to Robert Browning. Among the English poets Chiarini translated were Wordsworth, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Shelley, Tennyson, Swinburne, and Robert Browning. As an example of the liberties he took with Italian metrics in order to render the gusto of Browning's rollicking manner, I cite the first stanza of “Up at a Villa – Down in the City” (“Su in Villa e Giù in Città”):S' i' avessi denari, se n'avessiAbbastanza e d'avanzo, la mia casaSarebbe al certo alla città, giù in piazza.Oh dolce vita, oh, dolce vita starseneAffacciati laggiù alla finestra.(Poesie 421)(If I had money, if I hadEnough and cash on hand, my houseWould certainly be in the city, down in a piazza.O sweet life, O sweet life, to beLeaning out of a window there.)[My translation]
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CAVAZZANI, ANDRÉ LUIZ MOSCALESKI, e SANDRO ARAMIS RICHTER GOMES. "MIGRAÇÕES INTERNAS E CONEXá•ES SOCIAIS EM UM CONTEXTO COLONIAL: trajetórias de imigrantes portugueses na Vila de Paranaguá (décadas de 1770-1790)". Outros Tempos: Pesquisa em Foco - História 15, n.º 26 (24 de novembro de 2018): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18817/ot.v15i26.617.
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O presente artigo comporta uma investigação a respeito das formas de inserção de três imigrantes portugueses na vila paulista de Paranaguá, no contexto das décadas de 1770 a 1790. A finalidade central deste estudo consiste em produzir um conhecimento a respeito das formas de absorção de portugueses á vida social de uma vila colonial situada no extremo sul da Capitania de São Paulo. Nesse quadro, o desenvolvimento dessa análise é realizado por meio da sustentação de quatro argumentos. Primeiro, é demonstrado que havia ocasiões nas quais o estabelecimento na vila de Paranaguá por um imigrante português era decorrente do insucesso da iniciativa de se fixar em praça mercantil de maior porte. Segundo, evidencia-se que os portugueses radicados em Paranaguá possuáam conexões sociais e comerciais em distintas áreas do litoral Sudeste, notadamente a cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A manutenção dessas conexões criava uma diná¢mica de absorção de caixeiros á vila de Paranaguá. O quarto argumento afirma que a constituição de vánculo com um compatrácio era operacional para o jovem reinol enraizar-se na sociedade receptora. Por fim, é evidenciado que não era incomum que a obtenção de um treinamento profissional pelos reinóis ocorresse na época da menoridade.Palavras-chave: Brasil Meridional. Comércio. Imigração portuguesa.INTERNAL MIGRATIONS AND SOCIAL CONNECTIONS IN A COLONIAL CONTEXT: the trajectories of Portuguese immigrants in the municipality of Paranaguá (decades 1770-1790)Abstract: The present article includes an investigation about the ways of insertion of three Portuguese immigrants in the city of Paranaguá, in the context of the 1770-1790s. The main purpose of this study is to produce knowledge about the Portuguese absorption of social life of a colonial municipality located at the southern end of the Captaincy of São Paulo. Thus, the development of this analysis is done supported by four statements. First, it is shown that there are occasions when the establishment in the municipality of Paranaguá by a Portuguese immigrant was due to the failure of the initiative to establish itself in a larger market square. Second, it is evident that Portuguese people living in Paranaguá had social and commercial connections in different space areas along the Southeast coast, notably the city of Rio de Janeiro. The maintenance of these connections used to create a dynamic of absorption of the traveling men to the municipality of Paranaguá. The third argument states that the establishment of a bond with a compatriot was operative for the young Portuguese realm to take root in the receiving society. At last, it is evidenced that it was not uncommon that obtaining a professional retinue training occured at the time of minority.Keywords: Southern Brazil. Commerce. Portuguese Immigration.MIGRACIONES INTERNAS Y CONEXIONES SOCIALES EN UN CONTEXTO COLONIAL: las trayectorias de los inmigrantes portugueses en la Villa de Paranaguá (décadas de 1770 a 1790) Resumen: Este artáculo contiene una investigación de las formas de inserción de tres inmigrantes portugueses en la villa paulista de Paranaguá, en el contexto de las décadas de 1770 a 1790. El objetivo principal de este estudio es producir conocimiento sobre las formas de absorción de portugueses a la vida social de una villa colonial situada en el extremo sur de la Capitanáa de São Paulo. En este marco, el desarrollo de este análisis se realiza por medio de la sustentación de cuatro argumentos. En primer lugar, se demuestra que hubo momentos en los que el establecimiento en la villa de Paranaguá por un inmigrante portugués se debió al fracaso de la iniciativa de establecerse en la mayor plaza mercantil. En segundo lugar, se evidencia que los portugueses arraigados en Paranaguá tenáan conexiones sociales y comerciales en diferentes áreas de la costa Sudeste, especialmente la ciudad de Ráo de Janeiro. La manutención de esas conexiones creaba una dinámica de absorción de viajantes a la villa de Paranaguá. El cuarto argumento afirma que la constitución de vánculo con un compatriota era operativo para el joven del reino enraizarse en la sociedad receptora. Por último, se enfatiza que no era inusual que la obtención de un entrenamiento profesional por los jóvenes del reino ocurriera en la época de la menoráa. Palabras clave: Brasil Meridional. Comercio. Inmigración portuguesa.
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Marić, Mara, e Mladen Obad Šćitaroci. "Urban Transformation of the Dubrovnik Summer Villa Setting—From an Idyllic Landscape to an Overbuilt City". Land 13, n.º 7 (28 de junho de 2024): 949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13070949.
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The landscape surrounding a summer villa is, in a morphological and experiential sense, an inseparable part of the villa and its garden. This research examines the level of preservation of the historic landscapes of eight summer villas in Dubrovnik and the level of their integration into the urban fabric of the contemporary city. The research methods used include the analysis of the relevant scientific literature as well as the analysis and interpretation of graphic materials, i.e., cadastral maps from the second half of the 19th century, orthophoto maps, and spatial planning documentation. In this paper, the immediate landscape in close vicinity to the summer villas is defined as the protective zone of a summer villa (PZSV). Although the original use and extent of the summer villa landscapes have rarely been preserved, it is possible to establish PZSVs in order to preserve, i.e., reinterpret, the setting of the summer villas, which is necessary to experience them in their totality. This research establishes the general principles that enable the identification of three general models of transformation of the summer villa landscape. Furthermore, this research develops possible scenarios for the enhancement of the summer villa landscape based on the identified models. These models and scenarios are generally applicable in the context of the protection and enhancement of the summer villa landscapes in of the south of Croatia.
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Miossec, Jean-Marie. "Ville en danger, société en rupture : l’impasse des mobilités". Villes en parallèle 51, n.º 1 (2023): 174–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/vilpa.2023.1893.
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Yesterday’s crisis in the centers was succeeded by today’s crisis in the peri-urban areas. Thus, the city loses its identity within a context where downtown areas contrast with the urban outskirts. This also takes place against the backdrop of disrupted mobilities through the way decarbonization – a necessary act – is implemented. The author advocates for multimodality and a geo-societal equity generated by a global – and not fragmented – policy, serving fellow citizens and users through a mesh plan. Otherwise, deadlocked mobility will contribute to the negation of the city and participate in its endangerment.
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Mazzoni, Cristiana. "Nouveaux regards sur l’architecture de la ville". Villes en parallèle 51, n.º 1 (2023): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/vilpa.2023.1876.
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The questions raised in this publication invite me to update the theories of Aldo Rossi as they appear in his writings. In this article, I propose a reflection about the current “crises” of the city, starting from the approach of the Italian Tendenza and attempting to contextualize this movement in relation to the modern city and the inhabited territory in the broadest sense. The works of Gilles Deleuze and, sequentially, Jean-Pierre Leloup, allow me to get back to the complex way we address the built environment issue today, and to put forward the hypothesis of an opening towards quantum architecture as a new research direction.
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Muñoz, Carlos Augusto Martínez, e Francisco Javier Maroto Ramos. "Adaptability and Interconnectedness in Latin American Innerburbs: An Assessment of the Public/Private Interface in Informal Settlements". Buildings 14, n.º 5 (11 de maio de 2024): 1378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051378.
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An “Innerburb” is an urban structure that emerged between the 1950s and 1980s, settled in rural areas, and is considered the first periphery of the Latin American city. This structure results from socio-spatial and territorial evolutionary processes, constituting the pinnacle of informal evolution. However, despite offering a comprehensive perspective on the informal problem, innerburbs have been scarcely reviewed in the literature. This article explores the Latin American innerburb by adopting as a method a comparative study of the public/private interface in the cases of San Cosme in Lima, Villa Rodolfo Ricciardelli in Buenos Aires and Vila Heliopolis in São Paulo, evaluating their adaptation and interconnection with the city through morphological indicators, using morphological mapping through satellite images as an analytical tool, and using Space Syntax as a topological approach in the analysis of connectivity and visibility indicators. The objective of the research is the detection of morphological patterns that alter the functioning of the public/private interface in innerburbs. The results show that the existence of impermeable facades, the lack of public spaces and the illegal appropriation in the development of informal practices are transgressive adaptability patterns at the micro-scale that affect the interface, drastically limiting the interconnection between the innerburb and the formal fabric, restricting its morphological openness and affecting the development of socioeconomic activities. As a discussion and conclusion, corrective measures for progressive improvement in innerburbs are established, focusing on the adaptability of housing and road space as a means of interconnection between the innerburb and the city.
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Wilkinson, Cheryl L. "The Soldiers’ City". Southern California Quarterly 95, n.º 2 (2013): 188–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/scq.2013.95.2.188.
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The Pacific Branch of the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, a domicile and hospital for Union veterans of the Civil War, opened west of Los Angeles in 1888 on land donated by real-estate developers. Barrett Villa Tract, a development of small plots later renamed Sawtelle, was established outside the south gate of the Soldiers’ Home. There veterans bought homes where they could “live out” and enjoy family life while continuing to avail themselves of the services of the Pacific Branch. Sawtelle incorporated as a city in 1906 but consolidated with Los Angeles in 1922. Issues of Pacific Branch members’ votes, behavior, and community leadership mark Sawtelle’s history. Union veterans played a significant role in the development of West Los Angeles.
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Brun, Jacques. "Quelques questions sur la ville contemporaine". Villes en parallèle 51, n.º 1 (2023): 164–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/vilpa.2023.1892.
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The article looks into a few relatively new questions pertaining to the architectural and social evolution of our cities : the urban crisis concept, the city or agglomeration, landscape and urban identity, the rhythm of growth.
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Sassen, Saskia. "Reading the City in a global digital age : between topographic representation and spatialised power projects". Villes en parallèle. Documents 3, n.º 1 (2004): 16–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/vilpa.2004.1538.
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Rocha, Claudio M. "Rio 2016 Olympic Legacy for Residents of Favelas: Revisiting the Case of Vila Autódromo Five Years Later". Social Sciences 12, n.º 3 (10 de março de 2023): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci12030166.
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The aim of this research was to explore and describe the long-term social impact the Rio 2016 Olympic gentrification had in Vila Autódromo from the perspective of former and current residents. Vila Autódromo is a small favela located next to the Rio 2016 Olympic Park. It was almost totally removed during the process of preparing the area to host the Games. In this research, I interviewed 13 residents who passed through the process of eviction threats and displacement. Five still live in Vila Autódromo, whilst eight moved to social apartments provided by the city hall. Interviews revealed that the legacy of Rio 2016 for Vila Autódromo residents can be understood from three broad themes: (1) disempowerment of the community, (2) resistance and resilience during the process, and (3) life after the Games. The residents see the city hall as the main culprit of their displacement, as they were denied their right to the city. However, they also mention the catalytic role of the Olympic Games during the process. They conclude that the legacy of Rio 2016 for them is a very sad story.
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Cesarino, Gabriela Krantz, e Marcia Sandoval Gregori. "Windows of the City". Revista ARA, n.º 3 (6 de outubro de 2017): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2525-8354.v0i3p139-163.
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Esse artigo propõe a investigação de um lugar híbrido na cidade de São Paulo, no qual o antigo e o novo se sobrepõem. Nesse lugar, vidas (in)visíveis em espaços limiares revelam diferentes formas de ocupação e suas relações com a cidade. As transformações desses espaços no tempo parecem resultar de processos naturais, mas na realidade, são consequência direta da ação do capital e do mercado. Tais processos valorizam o novo e abafam a história local, criando novos lugares. Neste estudo apresenta-se o caso de um pequeno trecho de rua na Vila Madalena, bairro em contínua transformação
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Yofita Ilham, Alwasilah, Nurhadi e Elza Safitri. "Kepadatan Populasi Ulat Penggerek Polong (Maruca testulalis) pada Tanaman Kacang Panjang (Vigna sinensis) di Kelurahan Gunung Sarik Kecamatan Kuranji Kota Padang". Biotropic : The Journal of Tropical Biology 4, n.º 2 (16 de agosto de 2020): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.29080/biotropic.2020.4.2.82-88.
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The population of Maruca testulalis in the long bean (Vigna sinensis) can lower the yield productions. Maruca testulalis attack the part of the pods long bean that left little holes in the pod. In that regard, so the research has been done about population density Maruca testulalis on the long bean plant (Vigna sinensis) in Celebacy Gunung Sarik Seedlings Kuranji Padang City. This research has been done, in January-February 2019 by using Survey Descriptive method which is a direct collector of pods long beans. Purposive Random Sampling technique sample. Sample were taken at 60 days and 70 days. Measured environmental conditions thats temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind speed, and pH. Based on the research being done, population density Maruca testulalis on the long bean plant (Vigna sinensis) in Celebacy Gunung Sarik Seedlings Kuranji Padang City 1,3 individual/plant (age 60 days) and 0,95 individual/plant (age 70 days). Population density Maruca testulalis 1,12 individuals/plants and fall in the category of light attack.
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Montigny, Gilles, e Maxime Schirrer. "Logiques économiques, logiques juridiques : une remise en cause?" Villes en parallèle 51, n.º 1 (2023): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/vilpa.2023.1878.
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Questioning the economic and legal future of cities in the post-covid era can be done through the prism of four milestone issues : population density, the reshaping of economic systems, the search for alternative economic models, and ecological and digital transitions. Against a backdrop of far-reaching territorial change, did the new city turn its back on the old one or is it part of a continuum ?
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BARAIBAR DIEZ, JOSE MANUEL, MARTA GONZALEZ CAVIA, IÑIGO ESCOBAL MARCOS e JUAN CARLOS SINDE ECHEVARRIA. "SUSTAINABLE PAVEMENTS IN THE LATEST PROJECTS OF URBAN REGENERATION IN THE CITY OF BILBAO". DYNA 96, n.º 4 (1 de julho de 2021): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.6036/10040.
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Bilbao has experienced a model process of urban transformation in recent years, becoming a cosmopolitan and design city. The Zorrotzaurre project is the last operation of urban regeneration of the city. The main objective is to convert a currently degraded space into a new neighbourhood in Bilbao, seeking a new vision of the city model. The project has been conceived using sustainability as its backbone and influenced by the impulse of the circular economy. This technical note describes the use of recycled and steel aggregates in the pavements of the new urbanization of the right bank of Zorrotzaurre, which is considered essential in the design of sustainable urban infrastructures
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Bande, Lindita, Yosan Asmelash, Anwar Ahmad, Aybin Cyiza e Jose Berengueres. "Evaluation of an Existing Validated Emirati House versus a New Parametric Design Based on the Local Social Environment through the Application of Advanced Tools". Buildings 13, n.º 10 (18 de outubro de 2023): 2627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13102627.
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Al Ain is the second-largest city in the Abu Dhabi Emirate, and the population of Al Ain has been growing rapidly for the last 50 years. The residential units in Al Ain are arranged using different concepts in relation to household social and economic behaviors. While Al Ain city has mostly low-rise and mid-rise residential buildings, the local population tends to live in traditional low-rise villas. The governmental statistics show a high ratio of energy consumption in the form of electricity for cooling loads, and it is estimated to increase with the rapid growth of the population. In this context, it is important to investigate different strategies to control the energy consumption of residential buildings. The purpose of this study was to assess the energy usage and demand of an existing villa in Al Ain and see how a newer design approach can help to reduce the annual energy consumption of households. The newer design option is based on a parametric (application of a parametric façade) approach whilst taking sustainable design approaches. The newer design options are compared to the existing villa and a traditional extension villa attached to the existing villa in terms of annual electricity consumption. The process of design and energy modeling of all cases used the Estidama baseline standards for technical and construction specifications. The process started with selecting an existing six-bedroom villa in Al Ain. Moreover, the selected villa had a planned extension to be constructed in the future. Then, an annual energy model of the existing villa was created in Rhinoceros 7.0 with the Grasshopper 3D plug-in. The energy results were validated against the real energy bills of the villa. Once the energy model was validated, the newer options of the design were modeled, and the projected energy consumption was compared with the base case results to see how energy-efficient the newer model would be. The research shows that it is possible to save up to 60% of electricity annually by carefully selecting a sustainable design in the early stages.
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Abbasi Naderpoor, Mohammadreza. "Quand la société reprend le pouvoir : l'Iran face au Covid". Villes en parallèle 51, n.º 1 (2023): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/vilpa.2023.1889.
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Cities and societies are increasingly facing frequent and global crises, sometimes in different ways, sometimes in similar ways. The Iranian city and society managed the Covid-19 crisis, being among the first to be exposed to it at the beginning of 2020. Against the backdrop of a loss of confidence in the authorities, this crisis exposed the flaws of a society facing global challenges, but also its ability to address changes in an urban society heavily reliant on motor vehicles for transportation.
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Levin, Vladimir. "Maps, Synagogues, the City of Vilne, and Zalmen Szyk". Colloquia 48 (30 de dezembro de 2021): 98–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.51554/coll.21.48.07.
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The absolute majority of maps of East European cities marked only one or two major synagogues, while tens or hundreds of smaller synagogues and Jewish prayer houses were omitted. Using Vilnius as a case study, the article argues that this omission was not only a consequence of viewing the Jews as a ‘not indigenous’ part of the population, but also reflected the reality. The absolute majority of synagogues and prayer houses had no role in the cityscape of Vilnius and other cities of Eastern Europe, and therefore were not noticeable to non-Jewish people. Either synagogues and prayer houses were situated in courtyards, or they had no external features designating them as Jewish sacred places. Only the Great Synagogues and the Choral Synagogues of ‘modernised’ Jews attempted to be visible and prominent in the cityscape. The discussion of the issue of visibility of Jewish sacral buildings is based on the Yiddish guidebook to the city of Vilnius published by Zalmen Szyk in 1939. This book is a unique work, which combines the description of Vilnius ‘in general’ with special attention paid to the Jewish public institutions existing in the city, the majority of them synagogues and prayer houses.
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Ormos, Bálint. ""Micsoda gazdaság (villa) az, ha nincsenek városi díszítményei, sem falusi kelléktára"". Belvedere Meridionale 31, n.º 1 (2019): 49–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/belv.2019.1.4.
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This paper examines three main terms: otium (leisure), suburbium (suburb) and villa suburbana (suburban villa). I mostly used ancient literary sources from this period for the examination. I wanted to point out what the ancient Romans had thought about city and countryside through these terms. It is important to note that the sources I selected are referring to the contemporary elitist concept of this theme. It is difficult to separate the many meanings of these terms. I handled the terms in this paper in the following way. The suburbium was the suburban realm of the ancient city, Rome. Its development reached approximately 40-50 kilometres from the city centre. The otium was the cultivated form of leisure, which the Roman elite pursued for example in their elegant country villas. The villa suburbana could be a lavish leisuring spot or have another social, economical and land-using interests, too. But these terms were very subjective, flexible and always changed. They have exact definition neither in the ancient Roman thought and nor among the modern scholars. The selected literary sources do not make a clear distinction between these terms, either. Because of this fact I can state that these terms always depended on the contemporary individuals who wrote down their estimates or ideas in the survived pieces of Roman literature.
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Mawardi, Edi, e Rinaldy Rinaldy. "Persepsi dan Motivasi Dalam Memilih Perumahan (Studi Kasus: Perumahan Villa Citra dan Villa Buana Garden)". Jurnal Teknik Sipil Unaya 5, n.º 2 (9 de agosto de 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.30601/jtsu.v5i2.283.
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In addition to being the center of Aceh's administrative administration, Banda Aceh is also the center of economic, educational and trade activities, so that economic growth and the population grow rapidly. Consumer factors in choosing housing vary greatly, because each individual has different desires in choosing the desired housing. The purpose of this study is to find out consumer factors in choosing and determining the desired housing. Based on the theories and views outlined, a resume can be made about consumer preferences in choosing and determining residence/housing. The results of the conclusion analysis of 100 respondents kept Villa Citra housing 39.02% age <30 years and 26.83% aged> 51 years while in Villa Buana housing 42.37% were aged 31-40 years. The two houses were complying with the Bachelor degree educational background, namely: 60.98% Villa Citra and 67.80% Villa Buana. analysis that 43.90% earned IDR 1,000,000 - 2,500,000 chose Villa Citra housing because of the influence of the distance to the city center of about 3.5 Kilometers. while Villa Buana reached 61.02% with an income of IDR 2,500,001 - 4,000,000 with an urban center of around 5.5 Kilometers.
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Fratarcangeli, Margherita. "Scipione Borghese: Actor protagonist pe pământurile tuscolane". Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Historia Artium 65, n.º 1 (31 de dezembro de 2020): 5–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbhistart.2020.01.
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"Scipione Borghese: Leading Actor on Tuscan Lands. The contribution focuses on the figure of Cardinal Scipione Borghese (1577-1633) and on the role he playedas patron of the arts in the Colli Albani area, in particular in the city of Frascati (located 20 kilometers east of Rome). The cardinal, nephew of Pope Paul V Borghese and very important personality of the Roman curia, is investigated hereas a promoter of the arts and in particular as the patron of many architectural and landscape arrangements made on the hills of Frascati. The villas purchased by the Borghese family under went enlargement, reconstruction and decoration (such as Villa Taverna, Villa Torlonia, Villa Mondragone and Villa Grazioli). The cardinal and the Villas moved a lot of money and many artistic workers (architects, painters, sculptors, plasterers, masons, etc.) that made Frascati the Petrified testimony of the economic, political and cultural ideas of the Borghese himself. Keywords: Scipione Caffarelli Borghese; Paolo V Borghese; Flaminio Ponzio; Girolamo Rainaldi; Giovanni Vasanzio; Matthäus Greuter; Rome; Frascati; Alban Hills; Monte Porzio Catone; Burghesianum, patronage; Villa "
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Marling, Sven. "Tätheten av gransångare Phylloscopus c. collybita och lövsångare Phylloscopus trochilus i ett sydsvenskt villaområde". Ornis Svecica 24, n.º 3–4 (1 de outubro de 2014): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.34080/os.v24.22555.
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The expansion of the Chiffchaff Phylloscopus c. collybita in southern Sweden during the last decades is well documented. Regionally the densities of the Chiffchaff now even exceed the densities of the ubiquitous Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus. However, there are few quantitative studies on Chiffchaff densities, not least from urban areas. During spring 2013 a survey of singing Chiffchaffs and Willow Warblers, complemented by territory mapping, was conducted in three villa suburb areas (total ea 1.27 km2) and a nearby recreational area in the southwestern parts of the city of Malmö, Sweden. The villa areas held a substantially higher number of Chiffchaffs (16.5 pairs/km2) than Willow Warblers (6.3 pairs/ km2). In one villa sub-area, with little undergrowth and denser housing, there were no Willow Warblers at all, in contrast to the recreational area close to the villa areas, where the Willow Warbler dominated (10.9 pairs/km2). The Chiffchaff had its highest density (18.7 pairs/km2) in the sub-area that had the largest trees. Thus, in the investigated villa suburb, the Chiffchaff clearly outnumbered the Willow Warbler as a breeding bird.
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Córdoba, G., G. Villarosa, M. F. Sheridan, J. G. Viramonte, D. Beigt e G. Salmuni. "Secondary lahar hazard assessment for Villa la Angostura, Argentina, using Two-Phase-Titan modelling code during 2011 Cordón Caulle eruption". Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 2, n.º 10 (7 de outubro de 2014): 6373–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-2-6373-2014.
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Abstract. This paper shows the results of secondary lahar modelling in Villa La Angostura town (Neuquén-Argentina) based on the Two-Phase-Titan modelling computer code, which aimed to provide decision makers a useful tool to assess lahar hazard during the 2011 Puyehue-Cordón Caulle Volcanic Complex eruption. Possible occurrence of secondary lahars that could reach the city was analized. The performance of the Two-Phase-Titan model using 15 m resolution DEMs developed from optical satellite images and from radar satellite images was evaluated. The output of these modellings showed inconsistencies that, based on field observations, were attributed to bad adjustment of DEMs to real topography. Further testing of results using more accurate radar based 10 m DEM, proved more realistic predictions. The procedure allowed to simulate the path of flows from Florencia, Las Piedritas and Colorado creeks, which are the most influencing streams in Villa La Angostura. The output of the modelling is a valuable tool for city planning and risk management especially considering the glacial geomorphology features of the region, the strong urban development growth and the land occupation tendencies observed in last decade in Villa La Angostura and its surroundings.
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Maddah, Rahif, Junhwan Song e Atsushi Deguchi. "Diversification of Villa-Type Neighborhoods and Its Impact on Housing Shortages in a Growing Saudi Arabian City: A Case Study of Jeddah". Sustainability 14, n.º 13 (24 de junho de 2022): 7716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14137716.
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During the urbanization process in Jeddah, evidenced by an annual population growth rate of 9.5%, vacant lots have existed in developed residential areas in spite of the housing shortage. This study aimed at investigating the housing shortage problem and suggesting future solutions based on a predictive formula through four tasks: (1) examining the issues induced by population growth; (2) assessing the extent to which articles in the Procedure Manual for Preparation of Residential Land Subdivision (PMPRLS) foster diversity within villa-type neighborhoods; (3) clarifying the extent of the applicability of these articles and the contribution of existing neighborhood patterns to the housing shortage problem; and (4) providing recommendations for developing each kind of villa-type neighborhood to contribute to resolving the housing shortage. The proposed development methods for villa-type neighborhoods were derived from a correlation analysis using PMPRLS-related indicators in all such neighborhoods (103 study sites) in Jeddah and from a predictive regression analysis. This study suggests that each neighborhood class can contribute to resolving the housing shortage problem. In conclusion, diversifying lot areas, population density, and lot widths in current villa-type neighborhoods would have a positive impact on the housing shortage problem.
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Córdoba, G., G. Villarosa, M. F. Sheridan, J. G. Viramonte, D. Beigt e G. Salmuni. "Secondary lahar hazard assessment for Villa la Angostura, Argentina, using Two-Phase-Titan modelling code during 2011 Cordón Caulle eruption". Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 15, n.º 4 (8 de abril de 2015): 757–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-757-2015.
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Abstract. This paper presents the results of lahar modelling in the town of Villa La Angostura (Neuquén-Argentina) based on the Two-Phase-Titan modelling computer code. The purpose of this exercise is to provide decision makers with a useful tool to assess lahar hazard during the 2011 Puyehue-Cordón Caulle Volcanic Complex eruption. The possible occurrence of lahars mobilized from recent ash falls that could reach the city was analysed. The performance of the Two-Phase-Titan model using 15 m resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) developed from optical satellite images and from radar satellite images was evaluated. The output of these modellings showed inconsistencies that, based on field observations, were attributed to bad adjustment of the DEMs to real topography. Further testing of results using more accurate radar-based 10 m DEM, provided more realistic predictions. This procedure allowed us to simulate the path of flows from Florencia, Las Piedritas and Colorado creeks, which are the most hazardous streams for debris flows in Villa La Angostura. The output of the modelling is a valuable tool for city planning and risk management especially considering the glacial geomorphic features of the region, the strong urban development growth and the land occupation that has occurred in the last decade in Villa La Angostura and its surroundings.
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Quiroga, Sergio Ricardo. "Women and media. Institutional cultures, inequality and dynamics of power: 1982 to 2002". Cuestiones de género: de la igualdad y la diferencia, n.º 11 (29 de junho de 2016): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/cg.v0i11.3589.
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<p>This paper studies the participation of women in the media seeking to examine whether there was discrimination against them, the characteristics of female employment, institutional cultures and the dynamics of power in the period between 1982 and 2002 in the city of Villa Mercedes, San Luis, Argentina. This development is also a research effort to try to display the status of women in the media world in a certain context and historical moment. Stereotypical representation of female workers in the media has been one of the central themes of the first reviews and studies on communication and gender. Using tools of qualitative methodology using document analysis and semi-structured interviews examine the institutional and dynamic cultures of power in women who worked in the media in the city of Villa Mercedes, San Luis.</p><p> </p>
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Granberg, Mikael, e Leigh Glover. "The Climate Just City". Sustainability 13, n.º 3 (24 de janeiro de 2021): 1201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031201.
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Cities are increasingly impacted by climate change, driving the need for adaptation and sustainable development. Local and global economic and socio-cultural influence are also driving city redevelopment. This, fundamentally political, development highlights issues of who pays and who gains, who decides and how, and who/what is to be valued. Climate change adaptation has primarily been informed by science, but the adaptation discourse has widened to include the social sciences, subjecting adaptation practices to political analysis and critique. In this article, we critically discuss the just city concept in a climate adaptation context. We develop the just city concept by describing and discussing key theoretical themes in a politically and justice-oriented analysis of climate change adaptation in cities. We illustrate our arguments by looking at recent case studies of climate change adaptation in three very different city contexts: Port Vila, Baltimore City, and Karlstad. We conclude that the social context with its power asymmetries must be given a central position in understanding the distribution of climate risks and vulnerabilities when studying climate change adaptation in cities from a climate justice perspective.
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García de Jalón Sanz, Jesús. "Eficiencia de las fichas de Procesos para el conocimiento de los mayorazgos". Príncipe de Viana LXXX, n.º 274 (30 de janeiro de 2020): 951–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.35462/pv.274.11.
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We have reviewed the descriptive sheets of the computerized database of the Process Section of the General Archive of Navarra to try to know the number of mayorazgos located in the city of Viana, Navarra. The «Viana and mayorazgo» strategy was used for the search. 211 datasheets were found in response to the search. An analysis of the contents of the files is made, with the result of 29 mayorazgos with main house, movable property and roots property in Viana, and on the reasons that originated the corresponding process. We discuss the findings and conclude the effectiveness and efficiency of the descriptive sheets for the knowledge of the number, name and history of mayorazgos with regard to Navarra and the General Archive of Navarra. Keywords: General Archive of Navarra; Processes; mayorazgo; Viana. RESUMEN Se han revisado las fichas descriptivas de la base de datos informatizada de la Sección de Procesos del Archivo General de Navarra para intentar conocer cuántos fueron los mayorazgos ubicados en la ciudad de Viana, Navarra. Se utilizó para la búsqueda la estrategia «Viana and mayorazgo». Se encontraron 211 fichas como respuesta a la búsqueda. Se hace un análisis del contenido de las fichas, con el resultado de 29 mayorazgos con casa principal y bienes muebles y raíces en Viana, y sobre los motivos que originaron el correspondiente proceso. Se discute sobre los hallazgos y se concluye la eficacia y eficiencia de las fichas descriptivas para el conocimiento del número, nombre e historia de los mayorazgos en lo que respecta a Navarra y al Archivo General de Navarra. Palabras clave: Archivo General de Navarra; Procesos; mayorazgo; Viana.
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Effgen, Marcio Valério, e Augusto Cesar Salomão Mozine. "Urban sprawl and environment in the municipal administrations of Vila Velha between 2009 and 2016". Cadernos Metrópole 24, n.º 55 (dezembro de 2022): 1123–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2236-9996.2022-5512.e.
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Abstract The paper aims to analyze the development of the urban environmental policy in the city of Vila Velha, state of Espírito Santo, during two municipal administrations between 2009 and 2016. It intends to investigate how the city, located in the Metropolitan Region of Grande Vitória, fills its urban environmental policy agenda, in an urban sustainability perspective, with elements of environmental justice and political ecology, based on the debate about ecocentric environmental rationality. The analysis focuses on the two municipal administration plans and on interviews with authorities who occupied relevant positions in Vila Velha, to investigate the concern about the way in which public administration deals with the disorganized occupation of the territory and with social conflicts in the distribution of the impacts of the environmental degradation on its urban environment.
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Castillo-García, Carlos, Ismabel Domínguez-Hurtado, Yoel Martínez-González e Diego Abreu-Franco. "Curvas de Intensidad-Duración-Frecuencia para la ciudad de Santa Clara, Cuba". Tecnología y ciencias del agua 15, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2024): 361–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.24850/j-tyca-15-01-09.
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Las curvas de intensidad-duración-frecuencia (IDF) son una representación de fenómenos hidrometeorológicos extremos de la lluvia para su uso en proyectos hidrológicos. En el presente artículo se realizó un análisis de 243 eventos lluviosos convectivos de más de 25 mm ocurridos en la estación meteorológica Yabú de la provincia Villa Clara, Cuba, en el periodo comprendido desde 1990 hasta 2019, con el objetivo de elaborar las curvas IDF de dicha estación. Se elaboró una serie de máximos anuales para las duraciones comprendidas entre los 5 y 4 320 minutos, la cual se sometió a un proceso de imputación de datos faltantes usando el algoritmo de imputación múltiple por regresión lineal; se encontraron valores anómalos y se destacó su tratamiento. Las series resultantes se testearon en pruebas no paramétricas para comprobar su independencia, aleatoriedad y estacionalidad, con lo cual se procedió a ajustarlas a la distribución probabilística de valores extremos Gumbel y posteriormente a una ecuación paramétrica del modelo de Montana. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que existe un punto donde el ajuste del modelo de Montana empieza a obtener resultados discordantes con la serie ajustada a la distribución Gumbel, por lo cual se proponen dos familias de Curvas IDF para duraciones ≤ 360 min y otra para duraciones > 360 min, con las que se obtienen coeficientes de correlación superiores a los 0.99.
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Zheng, Hui-Fan, Yin-Long Chen, Xiao-Wei Fan e Guo-Ji Tian. "A heat pipe solar collector system for winter heating in Zhengzhou city, China". Thermal Science 21, n.º 4 (2017): 1771–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci151229067z.
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A heat pipe solar collector system for winter heating is investigated both experimentally and theoretically. The hourly heat collecting capacity, water temperature and contribution rate of solar collector system based on Zhengzhou city typical sunshine are calculated. The study reveals that the heat collecting capacity and water temperature increases initially and then decreases, and the solar collector system can provide from 40% to 78% heating load for a 200 m2 villa with in Zhengzhou city from November to March.
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Burke, Juan Luis. "Race and Politics in Eighteenth-Century Mexico City: Architecture and Urbanism at the Shrine of Our Lady of Guadalupe". Arts 12, n.º 6 (11 de dezembro de 2023): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts12060250.
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This article analyzes the urban and architectural transformations in the Villa de Guadalupe, the site where the cult of the Virgin of Guadalupe originated, in present-day Mexico City, on behalf of Creole architects, urban planners, and clerics. The article argues that members of Mexico City’s Creole elite played a critical role in fabricating a fervent cult of a dark-skinned Madonna while orchestrating dramatic changes to the site of the apparitions, which transformed it from a humble Indigenous village into the religious and spiritual heart of New Spain. The essay focuses its attention on the town’s urban and architectural changes during the eighteenth century, which is when the village of Guadalupe was transformed into a veritable “villa”, a special designation for an urban establishment in the early modern Hispanic world, which vested it with certain legal autonomy. The story of the urban and architectural transformations and innovations at this site is fascinating, given the ambition on behalf of Mexico City’s Creoles to appropriate it and its success in promoting it as the source of Mexico City’s and New Spain’s claims to exceptionality by divine designation. The Virgin Mary’s appearances to a humble young Indigenous man in an impoverished Native village near Mexico City, which became the spiritual center of New Spain, became a potent narrative wielded by the Creole elite, as they sought to assert their political claims in the face of staunch opposition from Spanish-born administrators and clergy. At the Villa de Guadalupe, as this essay reveals, Creole elites tested their political, urban planning, and architectural skills, asserting their cultural and political relevance in 18th-century Mexico City.
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Ribeiro, Marcelo Pinheiro, e Alexandre Botari. "Evaluation of effluent post-treatment by slow filtration and adsorption with activated carbon produced from spent coffee grounds in surfactant removal in sewage treatment". Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 17, n.º 1 (8 de fevereiro de 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2756.
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Environmental pollution is a worldwide concern, especially when caused by sewage dumping into water bodies. Many substances are present in industrial or domestic wastewater, causing contamination in superficial water collection. Surfactants stand out for being widely used both industrially and domestically. The use of detergents and many types of surfactants was increased during the Covid-19 pandemic period, a fact observed in the levels in the effluent sample analysis from a Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) - Vila City around 21 and 39 mg L-1 in this period. This work evaluated the surfactant concentrations in the primary and secondary treatment units of the Vila City STP, in the city of Paranavaí-PR.-Brazil. In addition, the use of a post-treatment by slow sand filtration and adsorption by activated carbon produced from spent coffee grounds in the complementary removal of surfactants was proposed. A mixed bed with sand and activated carbon columns was made on a pilot scale, and filtration/adsorption runs were performed simulating slow filtration with rates of approximately 15 m3 m-2 day-1. The parameters used for the efficiency removal evaluation in a pilot plant run were: turbidity (NTU) and surfactant concentrations. The removal of surfactant concentrations was about 9% and 7% in the Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed reactors (UASB-RALF) and in the secondary treatment, respectively, at the STP – Vila City units. In the post-treatment proposed by filtration/adsorption, bed columns on a pilot scale plant obtained a reduction of approximately 94% in terms of turbidity (NTU) and 95% in terms of surfactant removal.
Keywords: activated carbono, coffee poder, effluent, surfactants.
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Pacheco, A., J. M. B. Mendes, T. Martins, S. Hassuda e A. A. Kimmelmann. "Cemeteries - A Potential Risk to Groundwater". Water Science and Technology 24, n.º 11 (1 de dezembro de 1991): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0341.
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Cemeteries are a source of environmental impacts among which is featured the risk to groundwater contamination by microorganisms that proliferate during the process of decomposition of bodies. The main objective of this work was to monitor the bacteriological quality of the water from the water table in three cemeteries chosen in accordance with geological and hydrogeological criteria: Vila Formosa and Vila Nova Cachoeirinha, located in the city of São Paulo, and Areia Branca in the city of Santos. These cities are situated in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 67 samples were collected through 36 piezometers installed in the internal area of the above-mentioned cemeteries, and were analysed between January and December of 1989. For this study microorganisms of fecal contamination were chosen, one pathogen, as well as two groups degradation of organic material bacteria.
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Miljanović, Mirjana. "Presentation of the perceptual map of local wine brands". Marketing 54, n.º 2 (2023): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/mkng2302103m.
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This paper provides an overview of the perceptual map of local wine brands in the city of Trebinje, formed from target groups belonging to the so-called Generation X and Generation Y. The aim of the study was to explore the perception of local wine brands among generations X and Y, focusing on the basis of two semantic differentials derived from four synonymous adjectives describing winery brands: ‚premium - classic,' ‚premium - modern,' ‚casual - classic,' and ‚casual - modern.' The paper highlights a significant range within each generation when it comes to wine consumption in terms of individual differences, life experiences, and context. The study draws upon the concept of brand positioning (Sushkova, Shushkin & Korenkova, 2022), wine marketing concepts (Hall & Mitchell, 2008), and generational market segmentation theory (Chaney, Touzani & Slimane, 2017). The fundamental idea of this paper revolves around the analysis of local wine brand positioning practices. The research was conducted using the technique of perceptual mapping. The research results indicate that local wine brands that have successfully expanded their brands to markets outside the local area are perceived as ‚premium-modern', while smaller wineries are perceived as ‚classic-casual'. Furthermore, differences in wine consumption were evident between generations X and Y. Generation X constitutes a larger portion of wine connoisseurs, while generation Y leans more towards new and experimental forms of wine consumption.