Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Villes françaises"
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Lucchini, Françoise. "Les équipements culturels des villes françaises". Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010510.
Texto completo da fonteThe linking of "cultural equipments" and "city" leads to a new way of thinking the city which refer to the cultural signs that societies leave in the urban space. This new dimension of urban reality is explored here through the cultural activities of french cities. The indicators used in each city rely on existing cultural equipment and investments related. In a country where the state has been intervencing for long in matters of cultural politic, the level of the city is particulary convenient for intervention. The high diversity of urban cultural policies and the large number of urban cultural equipments witness of that fact. As a whole, the sector of culture is primarily a service to the citizens, which has been spread in most cities. The cultural function of the cities, shown by the organization of urban cultural equipments, seems to strengthen the hierarchal organization of the cities. This cultural function has a stronger diversity and a larger range the bigger the city is. Thus, in this time of comparison and competition between cities, especially in terms of image and quality of life, culture appears to reinforce the relative position of cities in the french urban system. Still, the urban cultural function is also a specific activity as far as it does not correspond to any other feature of the urban system, apart from the evident city size. The social profile of the city certainly elicit the relation of french people to culture, but scarcely explain the repartition of cultural urban equipments. These actual embodiments of culture obey to their own logic, connected to local energies and to the specific ressources of each city
Borraz, Olivier. "Le gouvernement des villes : une analyse comparée dans deux villes suisses et deux villes françaises". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994IEPP0006.
Texto completo da fonteThe government of a city is the product of an interaction between four dimensions : politics, administration, urban society and the other territorial bodies. This definition, when applied to Lausanne and Yverdon-les-Bains - two cities of the canton of Vaud - and to Besancon and Pontarlier – two French cities - highlights two distinct phenomena. First, the interactions between these four dimensions never cease to evolve acording to changes that affect each one of them ; thus both the shape and content of the cities' government are perpetually transformed. The first part of the thesis focuses on the dynamics of these transformations. Second, local elected officials play an essential role in the system of government that combines the four dimensions : members of the collegial executive in Switzerland and deputy mayors in France are the pivotal points of these different dimensions and they ensure its regulation. The fundamental difference between the two countries lies therefore in the existence in Switzerland of a central and collegial body of authority - the municipality - in opposition to the existence in France of a "facade" of mayoral authority behind which lies a significant differenciation of deputy mayors. The difference between the two countries has to do, also, with the existence, in Switzerland, of procedures enabling citizen participation ; France, on the contrary, lacks such procedures. The second part of the thesis will subsequently analyse the part played by elected representatives in the interactions between the four dimensions of the government of cities ; it will then compare types of government. .
Pasquet, Michel. "Les mutations récentes des petites villes de la région Centre : contribution à l'étude des petites villes françaises". Orléans, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ORLE1030.
Texto completo da fonteMassol, Frédéric. "Tourisme de patrimoine des petites villes. Centres anciens et activités touristiques : Pézenas et quelques petites villes françaises". Montpellier 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON30024.
Texto completo da fonteThe historic centres of towns of 2000 to 20 000 inhabitants constitute an undeniable asset for a qualitative tourist development which can be called « Tourism of heritage ». This built heritage requires to be identified, safeguarded, protected, sometimes rehabilitated then developed even staged. Its access must be organized and managed to prevent the potential risks and nuisances engendered by an excessive number of visitors. The numerous economic or public actors concerned by the urban dynamic are sometimes driven by different logics which it is advisable to harmonize. The transfers of competences to intermunicipal management can in this case bring a certain complexity to the governance. The historic centres constitute the medium of numerous actions linked to the animation of heritage. The national label “Cities and Countries of art and history”, introduced and developed by the French Ministry of Arts and Communication, supplies the methodology and the tools needed to use it. The example of the town of Pézenas (France, Hérault, 8000 inhabitants) seemed to us particularly representative of a real policy of tourist development on the long term. The tourist production, which results of the conjunction of initiatives of public and private actors, is marketed thanks to a more professionalized tourist communication, leaning itself on internet and on the actions of city networks. A mastered tourist activity can then generate beneficial social, cultural and economic impacts on the society that receives it
Santamaria, Frédéric. "Les villes moyennes françaises : entre hiérarchie et réseaux : (étude comparée avec l'Espagne et le Royaume-Uni)". Pau, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PAUU1006.
Texto completo da fonteMedium-sized tonws are an essential element in the organization of the frend territory. For about twenty years they have been confronted with economic difficulties. They have thus become the weak part of an urban network challenged by globalization. This situation raises the question of town and country planing. In the light of their recent initiatives, we evaluate the capacity of these towns to contribute to economic development and planing. In contrast with the traditional hierarchical analysis of the french territory, we use the concept of network to draw a comparison with spain and the united-kingdom and to measure how medium-sized towns innovate in areas such as the economy, culture, social policies. The role and place of these towns in transport networks is taken into account as isolation impinges urban development. We demonstrate that medium sized towns have indeed been involved in a multifaceted movement of innovation and that this is a new phenomenon. Moreover, it appears that there is no fatality n the decline of medium-sized towns. On the contrary, they can play an active rol< in the process of metropolization which characterise contemporary urban developments. However, such an evolution implies, in the french case, a radically new conception of the territory in political and ideological terms. Under these circumstances, medium-sized towns could be key actors in a renewed policy of town and country planing
Ducom, Estelle. "Le modèle des ceintures limitrophes (fringe belts) : une application aux villes françaises". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00150573.
Texto completo da fonteAlicot, Laetitia. "Enjeux et bilan du tourisme urbain : quelques expériences significatives de villes françaises". Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010505.
Texto completo da fonteOver the past few decades, tourism has become a key sector in the economic world. The period has seen the structure of demand change. In France, those changes are mostly the fragmentation of holidays and a shift from a passive to more a cultural type of vacation. In this connection, urban destinations attract an increasing number of tourists. The growth of this form of travel is expected to continue and be sustained by an improved supply of tourist services. The first part of this thesis offers an analysis of the trends underpinning the revival of urban tourism and a study of tourist flows into the city, motivations and urban practices. The second part provides an inventory of initiatives directed at promoting tourism taken by french cities over the past ten years. In addition to urban development and planning, these initiatives focus on facilities, projects and promotional activities, and on the sector's institutional organisation and the marketing of tourism products. By analyzing the situation under varying angles, an in-depth inventory can be drawn up which reveals facts of major importance : the issue of capacity, transport, etc. Findings resulting from this study are broadly supported by a survey involving tourist bureaux in cities with a population in excess of 20,000. Through this inventory, towns are classified based on their dynamism and proposals made to set up a permanent urban tourism observation plan. The third part highlights the conclusions made in an earlier stage. Four cities, Bordeaux, Fontainebleau, Strasbourg and Troyes have been selected for their size, geographical position and critical mass in terms of supply of tourist services. In this section, their various tourism enhancement approaches are analyzed
Voldman, Danièle. "Histoire d'une politique : la reconstruction des villes françaises de 1940 à 1954". Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010527.
Texto completo da fonteIn France during the world war ii, the rebuilding of bombed cities begun early. In autumn 1940, the Vichy government set up agencies to coordinate the first clearance of rubble and to examine the elements of a consistent policy of urban development. Those policies were continuated after the liberation with the "Ministère de la reconstruction et de l'urbanisme". The history of town planning politics from 1940 to 1954 involves administrative, social, financial and architectural issues. It includes the analysis of networks of architects and town planners, with a description of relations between central policies and local decisions (11 case-studies). At the end of the process, town planning follows the reconstruction of cities with the same agencies
Luxembourg, Corinne. "Villes en transition : les avatars de l'industrie dans les villes françaises petites et moyennes (Blagnac, Bourges, Gennevilliers, Le Creusot, Valenciennes)". Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00346982.
Texto completo da fonteCes villes sont devenues des espaces de l'entre-deux, des villes interfaces, tour à tour interrogées sur leur caractère industriel, sur leur urbanité, sur les relations des espaces de production avec l'espace urbain et les bouleversements dont elles font l'objet. Parallèlement ou successivement, ces villes connaissent des évolutions, parfois sous l'impulsion de politiques comme les pôles de conversion, les pôle de compétitivité, les tentatives de revitalisation industrielle ou les choix de tertiarisation. Toutefois quels que soient les choix établis, à différent degré ces villes restent industrielles par le ressenti des habitants, l'habitat des salariés, le paysage, l'imaginaire. A cela s'ajoutent des volontés politiques de conserver, de mettre en patrimoine, de marquer l'espace urbain d'éléments évocateurs d'identité, de mémoire collective. Chaque aspect apporté, provoqué par la désindustrialisation, est un des avatars de l'industrie dans ces villes.
Luxembourg, Corinne. "Villes en transition : les avatars de l’industrie dans les villes françaises petites et moyennes (Blagnac, Bourges, Gennevilliers, Le Creusot, Valenciennes)". Paris 10, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00346982.
Texto completo da fonteSince the late 1960s, the process of deindustrialization in Europe and particularly in France has become increasingly widespread. Thus the French industry has lost 500 000 jobs between 2000 and 2006. At the local level, mainly small and medium towns are affected, particularly because of their economic incentives and land. Five small and medium-sized cities were chosen according to their socio profile: Blagnac, Bourges, Gennevilliers, Le Creusot, Valenciennes. These cities have become in between spaces, interface cities, one another questioned about their industry, their urbanity, the relation between production space and urban space and upheavals they are faced to. Parallel or successively, these cities are experiencing changes, sometimes led by policies such as the poles of conversion, the competitiveness cluster, attempts of industrial stimulation or choices leading to the development of services. But whatever the choice made at different levels, such industrial cities are still felt by residents, housing employees, landscape, imaginary. There are also political will to conserve, save heritage, to mark the urban space with suggestive elements of identity and collective memory. Every aspect made, caused by deindustrialization, is one of the avatars of industry in these cities
Koumba, Olivier. "Dynamique des comportements financiers et endettement des collectivités locales : application aux villes françaises". Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1G014.
Texto completo da fonteIn France since the act I the decentralization in 1982, the local public investment is widely self-financed. The present research wonders from this point of view, on the economic rationality of the behavior of loan in an environment at first of non mobility, then mobility of the households and the companies. The first part of this thesis, brings two original theoretical contributions to the understanding of the local financial behavior by leaning on two axes. First of all in an environment of not mobility, this thesis shows that the model the decisive voter remains relevant in a context where on one hand the community offers durables goods (which engender recurring loads) and where she can borrow (wthat entails symmetrically recurring financial charges). The second part joins in a prospect econometric of analysis of the local financial behavior. First of all, the thesis confirms for the main part the model of request and intertemporal offer to the better public long-lasting premises stemming from the research and the watch, any equal things besides, that the dynamic specifications possess an explanatory power higher than the specifications in statics. Finally, establishing a link between the debts and the level of the investment of development, the model of stimultaneous equations concerning the debts and the investments concludes, in the sustainability of local public debt in France
Vion, Antoine. "La constitution des enjeux internationaux dans le gouvernement des villes françaises (1947-1995)". Rennes 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REN10410.
Texto completo da fonteMontigny, Gilles. "Les études urbaines françaises en géographie, sociologie et statistique sociale : 1890-1920 : essai d'analyse interdiscisplinaire". Paris, EHESS, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989EHES0040.
Texto completo da fonteThis work is meant to be the meeting point of two major trends in french research dealing with social sciences : the renewal of studies in urban history and the rediscovery and re-reading of the authors who contributed to the emergence of new disciplines (vidal de la blache, durkheim, levasseur). Finding that the urban studies of that key period have wrongfully fallen into oblivion, this thesis sets out to bring them to the force by submitting them to a critical examination and attempting to provide enough elements for a possible dialogue among the various disciplines it was led to consider. To this end, the reality of scientific practices should be inquired into behind institutional conflicts and theoretical sparring. In doing so, the artificial aspect of definitions, studies, classifications, in terms of "schools" and the essential role played by social statistics in the development of social sciences as well as urban research at the time should be emphasized. In connection with the latter works, five names should be borne in mind : those of desire pasquet, charles-anthelme roux, jacques levainville, maurice halbwachs and rene maunier. .
Gardon, Sébastien. "Gouverner la circulation urbaine : des villes françaises face à l’automobile (années 1910 - années 1960)". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20049/document.
Texto completo da fonteOur thesis investigates the expansion of urban traffic from the early 1910s to the late 1960s. Initially built around the case of Lyon, one of the major French cities nowadays, the study also refers to the situation of others places -namely Marseille, Lille, Bordeaux, Nice, Saint-Etienne and Villeurbanne- in order to further underline the specificities -or lack of- of the city of Lyon. Not only does it rely on municipal archives, but also on national and international archives and periodicals issued by either public authorities or private bodies. Two main themes of interest structure the dissertation: the social construction of a public problem and the related regulation of public intervention. We investigate them through the study of local, as well as national and international, debates over the place of the car in the city. By focusing more precisely on urban governance, we shed light on a « government by commissions » that creates spaces for the co-production of expertise and public intervention by various public and private actors otherwise isolated. Most interestingly, we found that both the topic –how to accommodate the car in the city- and its means of governance –which implication should follow from private as well as public actors- structured progressively through the twentieth century. The study of transportation thus works as a great lens to observe and analyze the reshaping of urban government around the themes of empowerment and governance, at the very heart of political science and public policy analysis
Gillon, Pascal. "Contribution à l'analyse des échanges interurbains : modélisation des flux téléphoniques entre les villes françaises". Université de Franche-Comté, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BESA1001.
Texto completo da fonteZelezny, Richard. "Design urbain et tramway : recherche méthodologique autour de cinq villes moyennes françaises et tchèques". Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1191/document.
Texto completo da fonteMy work explores transit-oriented development within two different cultures, France and the Czech Republic, which nevertheless have significant factors in common with regard to the goal of promoting the modal share of mass transit from a sustainable urban development perspective. Besides the basic urban variables, such as density and functional mix, our work attempts to explore characteristics of pedestrian accessibility, all these at the neighbourhood scale around the stations. For the appreciation, original qualitative and quantitative approach to the appreciation are proposed. The strengths and weaknesses on each side and the potential for reciprocal transfer of best-practices are finally considered
Saadé, Daniele. "Relations entre profils alimentaires et maladies allergiques de l’enfant : étude des six villes françaises". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0479/document.
Texto completo da fonteBackground: The prevalence of asthma and allergy has risen in recent decades, especially amongchildren and in the Western world. This increase in prevalence has become a serious public healthproblem and might be related to a combination of genetic predisposition, environmental factors, andlifestyle changes, including dietary habits. However, epidemiological studies concerning childhood dietrelatedallergic diseases are scarce.Objectives: This work reviews published literature dealing with diet, dietary patterns and nutrition inrelation with allergic diseases among children taking into account the methodology used to evaluatedietary patterns. Moreover, it assesses primary the association between food patterns and asthma andallergic diseases and secondary the relation between asthma and overweight/obesity in the French SixCities Study.Methods: MEDLINE/PubMed and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were used for theliterature review concerning diet and allergic diseases. Cross-sectional studies were conducted inBordeaux, Clermont-Ferrand, Créteil, Marseille, Reims, and Strasbourg among 7432 randomly selectedschoolchildren aged 9-11 years. Parental questionnaires, based on the International Study on Asthmaand Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC), were used to collect information on allergic diseases and potentialrisk factors including a food frequency questionnaire to evaluate dietary habits. Skin prick testing tocommon allergens was performed to identify the existence of an allergic hypersensitivity and exercisetest was performed to assess Exercise-Induced Asthma (EIA).Results: The mean intakes of 12 main food items were calculated and three food patterns wereextracted by principal component analysis labeled: the Mediterranean-like diet, the diet rich in omega-3fatty acids and the unhealthy diet. Relative risks of allergic diseases were estimated as odds ratios (OR)and confounders control was performed with multiple logistic regressions. Wheezing, asthma andrhinitis were more prevalent in boys than in girls. In the multivariate analysis, diet rich in omega-3 wasprotective for lifetime and severe asthma in children (adjusted OR: 0.77; 95% CI: [0.62 -0.96] and9adjusted OR: 0.55; 95% CI: [0.32 -0.94] respectively). Adherence to the Mediterranean-like diet rich inantioxidants tended to be protective against allergic diseases. Overweight and obesity were positivelyassociated with lifetime asthma in non-wheezing children (adjusted OR: 1,98 ; 95% CI: [1,06 -3,70])and were also positively associated with lifetime and past year allergic rhinitis in wheezing children(adjusted OR: 1.63; 95% CI: [1.09 -2.45] and adjusted OR: 2.20; 95% CI: [1.13 -4.27] respectively), butwere not associated with EIA.Conclusion: Overall, adherence to a healthy diet including antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids seemsto have a protective effect on asthma and allergy in childhood. Overweight and obesity weresignificantly associated with asthma in non-atopic children and with allergic rhinitis in atopic children.Prospective longitudinal studies should be necessary for evaluation of causal relations
Finance, Olivier. "Les villes françaises investies par les firmes transnationales étrangères : des réseaux d'entreprises aux établissements localisés". Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H047/document.
Texto completo da fonteTransnational corporations, which are amongst the major players in the contemporary global economy, integrate and exclude territories at various scales, due to their specific location strategies. These inequalities are well known at an international scale, yet the knowledge of this diverse integration is much more limited regarding urban levels, although cities and metropolises are considered as being the major nodes of the globalized networks. France and the OECD countries certainly appear in central positions in the networks that characterize these corporations, but observations made at the urban level remain very partial due to the lack of localized data. This thesis suggests to both approach and localize conventional data about Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the French case by mobilizing data about financial links connecting economic units. The detailed breakdown of transnational corporations affiliation networks has been conducted up to the level of the establishments, which are the real individual economic and geographic cells of these transnational networks. An original database about localized inward FDI stocks has been built and explored to appreciate how far foreign transnational corporations integrate the 355 main cities into the French urban system. These data revealed the diverse integration of French cities, between dependence and attractiveness for the investors. The mobilization of scaling laws, which constituted a major analytical tool in this work, allowed us to identify the major factors explaining the diverse integration of French cities into the whole system of cities, reflected both by inequalities of hierarchical and regional order
Portnoi, Anne. "La tradition du town design et sa transmission par les acteurs des villes nouvelles françaises". Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1172/document.
Texto completo da fonteMy research focuses on a post-war British planning tradition called “town design”, and on its transfer and diffusion in France through the work of new towns designer. The first part of the dissertation defines this tradition as a specific set of urban skills and concepts developed during the British post-war years. The second part analyses its reception and reformulation in the 1960’s French context. The dissertation aims to show how the tradition of town design was gradually codified through the making of urban plans commissioned by municipalities in the post-war years. An important issue was to establish that “mainstream” professional modernist architects could be inventors of forms and doctrines. This study shows more specifically how concepts are mobilised and transformed by professional pratice. The tradition of town design relies on neighbourhood planning and uses the neighbourhood unit’ as an operational concept in the development of central areas. As such, the Barbican Center may be considered an ambiguous masterpiece of town design. It confronts the challenge of building dwellings in central areas within a pedestrian precinct conceived as an autonomous and attractive environment. The second part of this work is dedicated to the study of the different ways in which the urban tradition has been “transmitted” to France and of its "transmission chains" and "transfer agents" in the French context. The thesis shows that the French new town designers praise the British tradition for its emphasis on briefing and programming, as well as its data-driven, firmly rational approach. The case study of the close collaboration between the Mission de Cergy-Pontoise and the Shankland and Cox practice demonstrates that a full set of skills and concepts was transferred between two major public institutions: the architects’ department of London County Council (LCC) and the Institut d’aménagement et d’urbanisme de la région parisienne (IAURP), which was in charge of the creation of new towns around the capital
Tobelem-Zanin, Christine. "Qualité de la vie et diversité des villes françaises de plus de 50. 000 habitants". Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010517.
Texto completo da fonteMany authors had the quality of life as subject of their studies. Now and then it is necessary to take stock on this question and to try to propose a new definition of the concept. We have done such work in the first part of our research, trying to explain or to found a clear difference between life quality and well-being. In the second part, using for the most part, the economic studies and statistic national institute data, we have tried to create some materials and socials indicators of French urban life quality. We have find that is impossible to establish a single classification of the biggest French cities (more than 50 000 inhabitants) on a single basis of life quality. We have proposed a few classifications after different quantitative and qualitative analysis. The third part of this research is based on a local view of life quality that propose different municipalities to theirs inhabitants. The local council of four big cities have been inquired and, besides, we have done a prospective work on the analysis of the answers to a questionnaire of a biggest sample of municipalities
Béal, Vincent. "Les politiques du développement durable. : Gouverner l'environnement dans les villes françaises et britanniques (1970-2010)". Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STETT093.
Texto completo da fonteThis dissertation provides an analysis of the influence of environ mental issues on the transformation of urbanpolicy-making. Based on four case studies (Nantes and Saint-Etienne in France, Leicester and Manchesterin the United Kingdom), it examines the rise of environ mental issues on urban agendas and its influence inthe transformation of urban policies and urban governance. Built around three main theoretical perspectives- public policy analysis, urban political science and urban political economy -, this work shows that urbanenviron mental management has been shaped by three different emblems : the emblem of« urban ecology »with its grass roots frame in the 1970s and 1980s, the emblem of « sustainable development » with itsentrepreneurial frame in the 1990s and 2000s, and, finally, the emblem of « climate change » with its newmanagerial and control frame since 2005. This periodisation of urban environmental management stressesthe rise of cities as prominent scales of environ mental regulation and construction. However, this rise has notbeen synonymous of a strengthening of local public spaces around environ mental issues. It is argued thatthe reshaping of state/society relationships has led ta a gap between urban political elites and urbansocieties. By helping ta reshape political elites' activities towards the production of urban policies and tamarginalise actors who are not considered as «responsible», urban environmental policies have supportedthe roll out of oligarchie and post-democratie patterns of urban governance
Limam, Latifa. "La bibliothèque municipale face aux fluctuations financières : l'impensé managérial dans les bibliothèques françaises des villes moyennes". Lyon 2, 2004. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2004/limam_l.
Texto completo da fonteThe cultural sector is known for its economic fragility. Thus, being the first sacrificed because of the budgetary constraint, the libraries are regularly face financial problems with which they must adapt. Librairies have therefore to introduce changes, to adopt new approaches and methods of management. Decision makers have many alternative choices and methods of management. They can either drawback and try to face the budgetary changes by internal rehandlings or they can decide to tariff the services to ensure of the financial re-entries. They can also prefer to seek financial and other kinds of assistance from outside ; to share certain services and resources with other organisations and thus to cooperate ; or to entrust in subcontracting certain tasks to a public or private independent entity. Our investigation into the French libraries of the average cities (of 20 000 to 100 000 inhabitants) shows that all of these administrative choices are implemented. The reasons are multiple and vary from one library to another. But the decisions seldom depend on managerial reasoning. Managerial tools and actions still remain ambiguous concepts for the professionals. For a number of them, there remains an inadequacy between culture and economy. Consequently, the way of managing their establishment relies more on intuition, bias, than on a true economic rationalisation. On the basis of this report, this work concludes on the proposal of the construction of a decision-making aid tool which would allow the decision makers to consider the real opportunity of the choices they have in the field of library management
Maignant, Gilles. "Pollution et développement durable des villes françaises : étude de cas : Nice, Marseille, Lyon et Paris : thèse". Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE2020.
Texto completo da fonteBerroir, Sandrine. "Concentration et polarisation : vers une nouvelle organisation des espaces urbanisés : étude comparative des grandes villes françaises". Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010513.
Texto completo da fonteSummary the city is spreading, always farther from the center of the urban area. The process in itself is not new, but its recent intensity and its increasing spatial range lead to a new questioning aabout the meaning of the city. In the same time, the cities, especially the largest ones, are still marked by a trend of concentration, leading to problems of saturation of the centers. The joint effects of these two apparently opposite processes, concentration and spreading, increase the complexity of the spatial structures and the functioning of the urbanized areas. This work is based upon a comparative study of new urbanization forms found in the french cities of more than 100 000 inhabitants. We show that the spatial extension of the cities has been increasing for 20 years without leading to a scattering of the city. In a first step, is proposed a reflection on what can be considered as an urban area, in the sense of the area where the center has a direct influence. It leads to propose to work on the area under urban influence, as the basic study object rather than the classical urban areas. In a second step, the spatial structures of population and employment in those areas are characterized, using the repartition of the urban densities and their recent dynamics. Then, in thoses large and complex urban entities, the structuring of the spatial interactions that give them a cohesion is analysed. Communtings between home and workplace are used in this purpose. In a spreading context, the power of the center is still dominating. The components of the maintaining of this major principle of cohesion are analysed at different scales : intra-urban,intra-regional and inter-urban
Carribon, Carole. "Du thermalisme mondain au thermalisme social ? : les villes d'eaux françaises dans l'Entre-deux-guerres (1919-1939)". Bordeaux 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR30039.
Texto completo da fonteDuring the interwar period French spas were no longer the gathering places for high class socialites they were in the 19th century, but had not yet acquired the status of medical centres for the masses they were to reach after the Second World War. Lacking the glamour of the first period, and rat ional organisation of an already gone-by age. Yet, the crise it was confronted to give these twenty years their own identity
Bourgeois, Marine. "Tris et sélections des populations dans le logement social : une ethnographie comparée de trois villes françaises". Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IEPP0011.
Texto completo da fonteThrough the example of social housing allocations, this dissertation examines the issues surrounding sorting and selection within public policy. It analyses how new social housing tenants are chosen and how discriminations play within the access to social housing. It highlights the rise of illegal allocation criteria and explains their recurrence at the local level. The study builds upon a comparative ethnography within three French conurbations and six social housing authorities. It gathers direct observations, interviews with social housing practitioners, as well as documents and statistical analyses. Its results firstly show the weakness of the normative power of the State and discuss the hypothesis of an implementation trick. Focusing on the establishment conditions of rules, at the meso level, the dissertation then identifies multiples regimes of households sorting, depending on the characteristics of the local context and of the collaborations between elected officials, housing authorities and economic actors. Studying precisely professional practices finally allows to precise the parameters that influence sorting processes of welfare agencies’ window users. It decomposes how housing allocation is discretionary and discriminatory only in some specific configurations, depending on the room of manoeuvers of the housing authority, the state of the social housing stock and the behaviours of street-level bureaucrats. The witnessed regularities in the implementation of public policy are finally explained by the significance of the institutional constraints and of the professional culture of civil servants
Bourgeois, Marine. "Tris et sélections des populations dans le logement social : une ethnographie comparée de trois villes françaises". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2017. https://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://bibliotheque.lefebvre-dalloz.fr/secure/isbn/9782247191802.
Texto completo da fonteThrough the example of social housing allocations, this dissertation examines the issues surrounding sorting and selection within public policy. It analyses how new social housing tenants are chosen and how discriminations play within the access to social housing. It highlights the rise of illegal allocation criteria and explains their recurrence at the local level. The study builds upon a comparative ethnography within three French conurbations and six social housing authorities. It gathers direct observations, interviews with social housing practitioners, as well as documents and statistical analyses. Its results firstly show the weakness of the normative power of the State and discuss the hypothesis of an implementation trick. Focusing on the establishment conditions of rules, at the meso level, the dissertation then identifies multiples regimes of households sorting, depending on the characteristics of the local context and of the collaborations between elected officials, housing authorities and economic actors. Studying precisely professional practices finally allows to precise the parameters that influence sorting processes of welfare agencies’ window users. It decomposes how housing allocation is discretionary and discriminatory only in some specific configurations, depending on the room of manoeuvers of the housing authority, the state of the social housing stock and the behaviours of street-level bureaucrats. The witnessed regularities in the implementation of public policy are finally explained by the significance of the institutional constraints and of the professional culture of civil servants
Paulus, Fabien. "Coévolution dans les systèmes de villes : croissance et spécialisation des aires urbaines françaises de 1950 à 2000". Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008053.
Texto completo da fonteA l'aide de la définition des Aires Urbaines, proposée par l'INSEE, nous montrons que la concentration pluriséculaire de la population dans le système des villes s'est poursuivie. En outre la composante régionale de la répartition de la croissance urbaine, favorisant les villes du sud, s'est accentuée entre 1950 et 2000, si bien que des trajectoires spécifiques de villes se dessinent.
L'évolution des spécialisations économiques est par la suite appréciée à l'aide d'analyses multivariées. Celles-ci soulignent la permanence d'une différenciation ancienne des villes, trace de l'inégale diffusion des innovations de la première révolution industrielle. Les modalités d'adaptation des villes au changement économique, qui maintient une structure ancienne, traduisent la coévolution des villes dans le système. Mais nous montrons aussi l'émergence et le renforcement d'une dimension métropolitaine qui combine, pour la première fois dans l'histoire urbaine, taille des villes et spécialisation économique : les plus grandes villes se démarquent en captant préférentiellement les activités emblématiques du cycle d'innovation économique actuel. Ces résultats laissent entrevoir la possibilité d'une modification structurelle.
Labari, Brahim. "L'économie contre la culture ? : les délocalisations industrielles françaises au Maroc : études monographiques dans deux villes (Casablanca et Agadir)". Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100144.
Texto completo da fonteFrench industrial delocalizations can be seen as the prolongation of Franco-Moroccan relations. They are not limited to an economic operation of 'immediate history' but carry a neo-colonial imaginary. The work held with the interested parties accounts for the centrality of the economic issue in the delocalization. Further, it shows the importance of the social context in the reception and legitimization of delocalization. Three elements characterize the Moroccan market approach. First, the mediational culture is reactualized by resorting to local associates. Second, the knowledge of the Moroccan remains fragmented. Third, social relations remain marked by a domestic economy. Local resources and constraints show distinct dimensions in the two cities studied: Casablanca and Agadir. Nonetheless, both cases show that the delocalization approach takes local characteristics into account. In the same way, the work organization in the studied fields are determined by local rules and values
Caroux, Hélène. "L'architecture des bibliothèques municipales des villes françaises de plus de 100. 000 habitants de 1945 à nos jours". Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010549.
Texto completo da fonteAuburtin, Rémi. "De Cayenne à Kourou, singularité des villes françaises de Guyane : entre habitat d'ordonnance et habitat auto-construit, la question du logement". Paris 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA030003.
Texto completo da fonteFrench Guiana, a European enclave in Latin America, is one of the three countries on the continent that experienced non-Iberian colonisation. Its urban framework is linear with urbanisations that present no distinct limits, leaving an empty hinterland. In this French overseas department with an artificial economy and limited networks, the cities are dominated by the capital, Cayenne. A conurbation has formed around Cayenne which, thanks to the economic benefits derived from the space industries, resembles an embryonic French metropolis. French Guianese society is an ethnic mosaic born of immigration, where each group maintains its living style and cultural specificities. In this region where practically all land is the property of the French state, the issue of inadequate housing is raised: in this vast country, developers, municipalities and regional bodies, and private citizens cannot find buildable lots, except in Kourou, which has benefited from urban planning. Therefore, spontaneous housing flourishes side by side with authorised housing and constitutes the melting pot of the informal city. Its vitality is proof of the populations' ability to create their housing and their economy. Although insufficiently exploited, attempts to rehabilitate unsanitary housing in French Guiana represent an original solution leading to a decrease in unemployment through self-building of private houses. If possibilities exist in French Guiana for populations to create their own housing as they see fit, albeit not without difficulty or social risk, they can serve as an example to other metropolises
Gauvin, Stéphanie. "Pollution atmosphérique d'origine automobile et développement de la maladie asthmatique de l'enfant : une étude épidémiologique dans 5 villes françaises : étude VESTA". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE18002.
Texto completo da fonteBonnefoy, Baptiste Paul. "Enchevêtrement des appartenances et constructions impériales : miliciens de couleur dans les villes espagnoles, françaises et britanniques de la Caraïbe (XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles)". Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0147.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis in social history aims to reconsider the social interactions in the early modern Caribbean cities by relying on a transimpérial and multi-site approach. This research is at the intersection of three urban observatories: the colonial militia, the “second elites”, and the “coloured” people. Each of these observatories allows to think the colonial city as a place which gathers several “spaces of belonging”: militia units, guilds, parishes, brotherhoods. This centrality accentuates collective control and contradictory allegiances. At the same time, and to a certain extent defined both by social positions and local context, these many languages of belonging are also a resource that allows actors to manipulate social norms and classifications.The multi-site approach highlights the specificity of each context, as well as the imperial or global implications of local colonial experiences. By asking the question of belonging, this thesis evaluates the role of local actors and contexts in the forming of empires and perpetuation of colonial order. The Caribbean is a fertile ground to analyse and compare these mechanisms, given that it is a war area which connects fragmented, scattered and instable sovereignties.Despite the specificities of each context, all Caribbean urban areas share more or less “colourized” ways of saying hierarchies and social positions. This process of “colourization” shows the transimperial circulation of many categories of practice. However, these categories are locally selected and appropriated. This thesis focuses on the local implications of these circulations, which do not homogenize the Caribbean and often generate misunderstandings, refusals or tensions in their context of reception. Finally, this thesis shows that the “color” of individuals, constructed in situ and constantly renegotiated, constitutes a discursive resource that conceals complex mechanisms of social and political domination, together with violent power relations that can vary considerably from one city to another, and from one “space of belonging” to another
En esta tesis de historia moderna se analizan las interacciones sociales en las ciudades del Caribe a través de un enfoque transimperial y multisituado. Nuestro trabajo se sitúa al cruce de tres ópticas urbanas: las milicias coloniales, les élites segundas y la gente de “color”. A partir de estos puntos de observación podemos analizar la ciudad colonial como el lugar que centraliza múltiples marcadores y espacios de pertenencia social: milicias, profesiones, parroquias, hermandades. Esta centralización urbana refuerza el control colectivo y multiplica las filiaciones incompatibles. Dentro de unos ciertos límites definidos a través de las posiciones relativas de los individuos y del contexto local, la pluralidad de marcadores de pertenencia social constituye a su vez un conjunto de recursos que pueden ser utilizados para manipular las normas y las clasificaciones sociales. El enfoque multisituado da cuenta a la vez de las especificidades de los contextos locales y de las implicaciones imperiales o globales de las formas locales de la experiencia colonial. Interrogar los espacios de pertenencia social implica evaluar el papel de los individuas y de los contextos locales en la formación de las construcciones imperiales y en la perpetuación del orden colonial. El espacio Caribe, espacio de guerra, constituye el terreno ideal para el análisis y la comparación de estos mecanismos, puesto que permite observar territorios imperiales discontinuos, dispersos y precarios. A pesar de las especificidades de cada contexto, los espacio urbanos del Caribe comparten, en mayor o menor medida, procesos de “coloración” en cuanto a las maneras de expresar las jerarquías y las posiciones sociales. Esta “coloración” revela un amplio espacio transimperial de circulación de las categorías prácticas. Categorías a su vez seleccionadas y reapropiadas localmente. Así, esta tesis explora las implicaciones locales de estas circulaciones, que no suponen una homogeneización de los territorios del Caribe, y que a menudo provocan malentendidos o coyunturas de tensión en los contextos de recepción. Por último, esta tesis demuestra que el color de los individuos, construido in situ y renegociado en permanencia, constituye un recurso discursivo que disimula mecanismos complejos de dominación social y política, además de relaciones violentas de poder que pueden variar considerablemente de une ciudad a otra, y de un espacio de pertenencia social a otro
Ebermeyer, Sophie. "Conditions de logement et insertion résidentielle des étrangers dans les grandes villes françaises : Contribution à l'analyse du rôle de l'origine ethnique dans la ségrégation résidentielle". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10148.
Texto completo da fonteThe thesis purpose is to apprehend residential segregation from both sides : the ethnic origin and town. Based on a theoretical position which establishes a link between segregation and discrimination, we have checked that the ethnic origin may radicalise the social segregation or is a means to go round it. Indeed, the margings in the accomodations' conditions identified between the different national groups and some aspects of assiociated spatial forms, show variations depending on urban contexts. However, these variations can not be only explained by structure effects, while ethnicity appears to be a social construction. This permits us to confirm the link supposed as an hypothesis between discrimination and ethnic segregation
Glita, Ivan. "Les villes françaises en décroissance dans le temps long (1968-2017) : une typologie des trajectoires en fonction des composantes démographiques, des spécialisations économiques et de la diversité des contextes territoriaux". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA01H068.
Texto completo da fonteRecent studies in France reveal an increasing number of shrinking cities for at least a decade. There is a growing interest in those cities. Because of the diversity of definitions of urban shrinkage, we first identify shrinking cities by formalizing population movements for each of the 3,097 French urban units between 1962 and 2017. The results show that one-third of the agglomerations are affected by population loss, at different periods. In particular, in addition to the spectacular growth in number of shrinking cities during the 1970s and 1980s, following industrial crises and the rise of peri-urbanization, we identify a set of 441 agglomerations experiencing recent decline (since 1999). We then focus on the main factors of urban decline by analyzing three components of urban shrinkage. To show the demographic components of urban shrinkage we focus on the age structure, and on migration and natural balances. We analyze economic profiles with a database of employment trends and of economic specializations. Territorial contexts are also studied through the population evolution of areas surrounding shrinking urban units (changes in peri-urban areas and life basins) and with an urban-rural typology of territorial context (defining if an area is more or less metropolitan, more or less rural, within a two-hour radius from the declining agglomeration). Finally, we create a typology of declining urban units in France, distinguishing five major profiles
Ouellet, Annie. "Coprésence et rapports à l’espace dans les petites villes touristiques et patrimoniales. : lecture croisée de Dinan (Côtes d’Armor) et Sarlat-la-Canéda (Dordogne)". Thesis, Angers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0038/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis aims at understanding the relation to space and the co-presence of individuals living temporarily or permanently in a city subjected to the double process of heritage and tourism. While many "hauts-lieux" which development is based on heritage, such as the ancient centers of Venice or Bruges or Toledo are characterized by the fact that they are invested by tourists day and night throughout the year, we can ask ourselves how urban heritage places, which have a lower level of tourist activity and are more marked by seasonality, operate and evolve.In this sense, small touristic and historic cities constitute a fertile ground of inquiry, especially since they still receive little attention from geographers interested in tourism. Considering urbanity as defined by Lévy and Lussault combining density and diversity, these cities experience various degrees of urbanity, moving from a form of "entre-soi" outside the touristic season to a high density coupled with a high mix in high season.In order to understand the relation to space, we are interested in the representations, practices and modes of appropriation of space of individuals living temporarily or permanently in Dinan (Côtes d'Armor) and Sarlat (Dordogne), two cities with different levels of touristic development and heritage making, substantial but different. Using the typology developed by the Equipe MIT, it will be a cross-reading of a city with a tourist function and a touristified city that will be carried out
Relats, Montserrat Félix. "Les fouilles françaises de Médamoud : synthèse historique et archéologique d’un temple thébain". Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040136.
Texto completo da fonteMedamud’s French excavations took place between 1924 and 1939 under the supervision of F. Bisson de la Roque (between 1924 and 1932) and of CL. Robichon (between 1933 and 1939). They excavated numerous monuments which spread from the XIe dynasty to the Byzantine period although there is no global overview of the history of the site. It was necessary to re-establish the discovery’s context of all of this information as the corpus of documents was extensive but heterogeneous. As the two excavation stages were unequally published, studying the archives allowed us to establish how the field actions took place, its methods and results. After having summarized the excavations’ history and offered the uncovered vestiges a new dating, we analysed the temple’s condition since its founding. In this way, the existence of the « temple primitif » has been proven even though we modified its plan and widely qualified A. Varille’s theories regarding its cult uses. Senwosret III rebuilt the temple, which was modified by Thutmose III afterwards. Thanks to a new study of the masonry, we re-examined the traditional assumption, which supposed successive destruction of the building. Instead, we believe that parts of the Middle Kingdom’s temple and of the New Kingdom’s were included by the Ptolemies in their own architectural plans. Regarding Montu the god of Medamud, he is presented as the ultimate Theban god through the site’s documentation. Most of the iconography wasn’t dedicated to the war glorification of the deity but rather to royal legitimisation and ancestor worship among which Senwosret III occupies a prominent place
Nadim, Roxana. "Regards croisés sur Barcelone, ville mythique dans les littératures d'expression française, castillane et catalane : du franquisme aux années 2000". Paris 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA030072.
Texto completo da fonteThis research examines Barcelona’s image in three different languages and cultures, and seeks to highlight the process in which a literary myth was created and expressed in writing. Indeed, Barcelona is a palimpsest city ; a support for a series of created myths. Beginning in the 19th century – the era of major realist and naturalist works – Barcelona became a city impossible to avoid in Spanish and Catalan literature. However, fiction at the time did not project Barcelona’s image beyond Spain’s borders. The capital of Catalonia only gained international literary recognition after World War I, when the topoi associated with it were also renewed. French writers played a key role in creating and spreading Barcelona’s new image as a cultural and cosmopolitan capital. They shaped an urban image which was subsequently taken up and up-dated by Spanish and Catalan writers. The corpus here is trilingual and covers in particular the works of Jean Genet, André Pieyre de Mandiargues, Georges Bataille, or Claude Simon, and fiction written in Castilian by Juan Marsé, Juan Goytisolo, Eduardo Mendoza, Manuel Vázquez Montalbán, Carmen Laforet, etc. , as well as works in Catalan such as the novels by Mercè Rodoreda, Victor Mora and Montserrat Roig. From a methodological point of view, the imagological content of the subject draws on human sciences – the history of mentalities and cultural anthropology – and raises problems linked to notions of interculturality and intertextuality
Despringre, André-Marie. "Chants de fêtes des villes et villages du Westhoek français : étude des rites et de la musique". Paris 5, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA05H069.
Texto completo da fonteBaltazar, Julien. "Integrating environmental issues into territorial strategies : a methodological contribution to the design of mobility plans". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPAST109.
Texto completo da fonteThe transport sector contributes to diverse environmental impacts caused by human activities. Public authorities can help our societies reduce these impacts and adapt to their consequences. With this perspective, the European Union has spread the Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans, which set a framework and orientations for shifting towards more sustainable mobility. Numerous countries have developed this approach, notably France, where mobility plans have explicitly aimed to reduce car traffic since 1997. Nevertheless, despite the progressive evolution and generalisation of mobility plans, there has been no significant decrease in traffic and transport-related environmental impacts at the national level. This unsatisfactory outcome can notably be explained by the limited integration of environmental issues into decisions and the gap between the theoretical framework for mobility planning and current practices.The PhD thus investigates the following research goal in a four-step study: “How to help local authorities move towards more sustainable mobility by providing a framework to integrate environmental issues into mobility planning?”. It focuses on France and its AOMs (autorités organisatrices de la mobilité), i.e. the local authorities in charge of transport.First, we diagnose the French context and identify the barriers met by AOMs hindering the integration of environmental issues into their strategic decisions. Next, we analyse planning practices to identify good practices and shortcomings and propose a methodological framework to help local authorities design mobility plans and conduct related environmental assessments. Then, we analyse quantitative strategic environmental assessment (QSEA) practices and develop a QSEA methodology to support its implementation in all AOMs, as QSEA helps AOMs conduct diagnoses and build long-term strategies. Finally, we validate our contribution by applying our QSEA model to nine AOMs and discussing our proposals with AOM representatives.Our framework includes a lexicon to set the planning vocabulary, a structure for mobility plans with different levels of objectives, a method to define meaningful objectives, an approach to validate objectives (notably by using a QSEA model), and a monitoring process. Our QSEA model characterises residents’ mobility in all municipalities and performs long-term evaluations (until 2050) based on trends and AOM scenarios. It assesses 20 environmental indicators relative to cars’ pollutant emissions and energy consumption, including indirect life cycle impacts. The model applications highlight that car traffic will likely keep growing and the expected evolution of pollutant emissions is unsatisfactory. It thus gives interesting orders of magnitude to grasp the need for ambitious sustainable mobility actions to reduce car use and promote alternative modes and technologies.The thesis relies on engineering design and sustainable design, although it embraces a multidisciplinary perspective in accordance with the concepts of planning and sociotechnical system analysis. We used qualitative and quantitative approaches to integrate complementary data sources, including interviews, law analysis, planning document analysis, and modelling. Our work emphasises that planning can help integrate environmental issues into local authorities’ decisions if associated with relevant methods, tools, and data. More research is needed to support public authorities in fulfilling their tasks and objectives to move towards more sustainable mobility
Picard, Aleth. "Villes et colonisation : Algérie : 1830-1870". Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne (UPEC), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA120062.
Texto completo da fonteFrench colonisation in algeria at the begining of the ninetheenth century resulted, as far as national developpement is concerned, in convention works of existing towns and in the creation of settlements and agricultural villages. The towns network, set up by the military engineerin (service responsable for all the civil and military works) consists in an about twenty towns corpus. This work presents a project's analysis year after year based on vincennes military engineering archives. Plans and apostils reading of military engineers provides information on this body's working methods as well as on the urban design ine the ninetheenth century and on colonial matter. Although they are quite different, these projects announce already haussmann's works in paris and in the main french towns as welle as the operations made much later on french protectorates and colonies at the begining of twentieth century
Gounand, Pierre. "Une ville française sous l'Occupation : Dijon 1940-1944". Dijon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990DIJOL004.
Texto completo da fonteSourd, Guy. "La place dans la ville : histoire, morphologie urbaine et significations de la place dans une ville française". Rennes 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN20025.
Texto completo da fonteThe line and meaningful settings of eight "ancestral squares" of today's chosen square, considered as an object of research, reveal the historical, morphological and semiotic realities of public spaces of the Old Regime, the Revolution and the Third Republic. These squares which were all different and have all disappeared by now, represent a certain evolution. Thus, "médium" squares exist in the Enlightenment and in the positivist times. From a democratic age, the square of the 3rd Republic, a significant and symbolic place, crowns that constellation of "épistémès" phenomenons. Due to the inadequacy of their meanings and their morphological weaknesses, the squares of the 20th century feed the crisis of the republican symbols. The fulfilment of a phenomenological, symbolic and morphological praxis reveals to us today's square. This square embodies the symbolic and morphological crisis of the public space. Despite its reserves of significant and symbolic powers, the square does not achieve its morphological and semiotic incarnation. However it is intended to become again the centre of the town and its districts through its urban morphology and its significances. It is thanks to an art of building the square, generator of a morphological quality and a symbolic expression that today's republican "medium square" could lead to the resurgence of a public space of quality, by its very nature and by the origin of democracy
Hamon, Jean-Marc. "L'assistant technique : son rôle dans l'évolution commerciale et urbaine des centres-villes français : contribution à l'étude des acteurs du commerce et de leur stratégie spatiale". Thesis, Paris Est, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PEST1105.
Texto completo da fonteIn 1995, the CNRS research group on commercial activities and the geographic commission on commercial activities drafted a European conference report entitled “Who the are the new stakeholders in commerce and what is their spatial strategy?” This report, written by experts, poin ts out five major aspects which the stakeholders themselves had expressed. We are taking up these conclusions in this study and questioning their relevance 15 years later. They will help clarify the issues we are going to develop in this thesis. 1. Is keeping and developing commercial sites more and more dependent on the stakeholders' strategy? 2. Are real estate agents and big commercial groups the ones with the most influence? 3. Is the role of government institutions becoming more difficult as they arbitrate more? 4. Do consumers also intervene by making conscious and cogent choices? 5. Have recent developments polarised the commercial sites into winners and losers? The title of this thesis therefore reflects a continuity with studies that were started back in the 1970s when big retailing groups emerged and brought about a commercial revolution for all retailers. In 2010, following the revolution in information and communication technologies, are we witnessing a certain permanence in the stakeholders' spatial and social strategies? Research in commercial geography has already looked into the stakeholders' role but we are focusing today on a particular feature of the town centre and will see how essential it is : the Technical Assistant for Commerce
Calament, Florence. "Les Fouilles d'Albert Gayet à Antinoé : étude du matériel archéologique dans les collections publiques françaises". Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040036.
Texto completo da fonteTeles, Nair. "Égalité et différenciation dans une ville française : étude de quelques rites". Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR21014.
Texto completo da fonteOiry, Goulven Hervé. "L' Iliade parodique : la comédie française et la ville 1550-1650". Paris 7, 2012. http://ezproxy.normandie-univ.fr/login?url=https://www.classiques-garnier.com/numerique-bases/garnier?filename=GoyMS01.
Texto completo da fonteThis study stands at the crossroads of arts and town planning. It analyses French comedy from the period 1550-1650 in the light of its relationship to the town. Poetic and architectural arts both assign to the theatre of laughter the representation of everyday city life. What best characterises farce and comedy is not as much their classification as literary genres as the fact that they are both urban shows. The first two parts of our study show that the relationship between theatre and town go both ways. On the one hand, the town of comedy can be defined as a show-town and, on the other hand, society itself was undergoing a process of "dramatisation". Laughter and the town echo each other; comedy both reveals and catalyses the process of "urbanisation". The third part considers the interlocking planes of the town and shows how 1550-1650 comedy plays with the limits of the town. As they unfold the metaphor of siege and conquest, these plays spin a web of connections between city gates, house doors and the genitals of female protagonists. By probing the foundations of this metaphor we can simultaneously clarify the meaning of the art of comedy and reflect on the symbolic foundations of the town. The imaginative world of the theatre-town examines the relationship that connects libido with war. Considering the way it uses space, comedy can be said to stage a parody of a siege. It involves reflection on genealogy in order to present the foundations of the law
Touma-Chédid, Lamia. "Le thème de la ville dans l'oeuvre d'Alain Robbe-Grillet". Paris 4, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA040314.
Texto completo da fonteFrom a collection of fifteen of his works, the city of Robbe-Grillet remains the same throughout : a menacing presence or absence. In his works, it appears as a possible failure, a loss or an eventual death. Not being a moralist, Robbe-Grillet does not offer solutions to the problems facing his protagonists. He places them in a framework which refuses to identify the nature of human existence. However, this space, apparently indifferent is composed of all the social pressures common to man throughout the centuries. An innovator in the aspects technique of the novel, Robbe-Grillet is however conservative in the area of the theme : the city of the twentieth century is very much like that of the fourteenth century
Gardini, Michela. "L'imaginaire urbain dans la littérature française fin de siècle". Grenoble 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE39048.
Texto completo da fonteSayer, Frédéric. "Le mythe des villes maudites dans les littératures française, anglaise et américaine du vingtième siècle : une esthétique de l’entropie urbaine". Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040240.
Texto completo da fonteThe biblical curse of the city tends to devastate History, turning human culture into a waste land (Henochia, the Tower of Babel, Sodom and Gomorrah, Babylon) in order to settle instead the first ever divine city, that is to say the utopian New Jerusalem of the Apocalypse. At the beginning of the 20th century, rewriting the Bible has become ironic and even self-destructive. The inner fortress of the creative mind does not hold any more and loses itself into the modernistic fragments of the city, in other words the ruins of destroyed Europe. The prophetic word declines, even though it has been reactivated on a political level by dystopian literatures, speculative fiction and crime novel. After 1945, the urban curse has mutated into evil energy, following the laws of entropy. A new kind of apocalypse turns the text of the cityu into mere simulacra, in other words the new idols of mass culture. That’s why entropic metaphors and postmodern aesthetics do shape American urban fiction and also the french nouveau roman. The myth of cursed cities dominates the end of the century in a cannibalistic way, thus becoming the myth of the disappearance of the sacred, raising a wall of silence in the city’s rumble, penetrating the smooth surface of minimalist novels. Literature then performs an act of memorial resistance, even when it follows an asymptotic line to the “hard white empty core of the world. ”