Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Ville-Santé"
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Duong, Dinh Cong. "Santé des adolescents à Hochiminh-ville(Vietnam)". Nancy 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NAN11319.
Texto completo da fonteVallée, Julie. "Urbanisation et santé à Vientiane (Laos) : les processus à l’origine des disparités spatiales de santé dans la ville". Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00377209.
Texto completo da fonteSi cette ville abrite des phénomènes de santé spatialement différenciés, deux types de mécanismes peuvent l'expliquer. Le premier renvoie aux disparités socio-spatiales : les caractéristiques comme l'âge, le niveau d'éducation et le niveau de vie qui sont autant de facteurs de risque, ne sont en effet pas réparties de façon aléatoire à Vientiane. Néanmoins, il serait approximatif d'interpréter les disparités spatiales de santé comme le reflet des disparités socio-spatiales alors que celles-ci restent de faible ampleur à Vientiane en ce début de XXIème siècle. De fait, un second type de mécanisme participe activement à l'inégale répartition des problèmes de santé dans cette ville : les habitants, au-delà de leurs caractéristiques propres, sont d'autant plus touchés par le diabète, l'hypertension, le surpoids et l'obésité et d'autant moins touchés par l'anémie, la maigreur et le retard de croissance qu'ils résident dans un village plus urbanisé. La santé des habitants de Vientiane est étroitement liée au niveau d'urbanisation de leur lieu de résidence parce que celui-ci influence leur mode de vie, c'est-à-dire leurs comportements (alimentaires, de soin, etc.) à travers les équipements qu'il présente et les normes sociales qu'il véhicule.
Bien qu'avérée, l'influence du lieu de résidence sur la santé ne doit pas être considérée comme opérant de façon identique sur tous les habitants de Vientiane : cette influence varie selon leur pratique et leur maîtrise de l'espace (c'est-à-dire leur capital spatial). Cette recherche souligne donc l'influence du lieu de résidence sur la santé des individus sans toutefois céder à un quelconque déterminisme géographique.
Deries, Béatrice. "La santé communautaire dans la politique de la ville : genèse et récits d'expérience". Lyon 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2008/deries_b.
Texto completo da fonteThe first concern of this thesis is a look on an emerging area of activities who built up from the last quarter of the twentieth century, at the boundaries of the social and sanitary themes in the peripheral urban spaces marked by the cazualisation process. This blur ensemble, legitimated by the institutional frame of the city's policy, reveal a reappering of the health topic in the urban context in the same time of a come back of the community in the work of the social "par la fenêtre" of health theme. The research takled to the genealogical reenactment making this theme a story of the sociologic thought on urban social and public health as well as a device's genesis. The personnal histories has been recorded as a privileged element to study the resemantic and reproblematic process along with the reconfigurations of the localised intervention. Three kinds of narrations are collected and put into perspective : tellings of experience, inseperably biographical and collective ; publicized tellings, among which the intellectual productions of the interrogated actors ; "stopped" tellings coming from ethnographic sightings of a few community health scenes. The research chore has to unconstruct a empiric objet a priori given as professionnal and surrounded in a new address of the public action to rewrite it in a sociologic grasp of the ways to talk and to make social work ; the ways to "make community" through health in a society of persons whose citizenship is unaccomplished. By the way, it shows that biographical commitments are part of a significant and indispensable constituent
Joubert, Lucas. "Les médecins de ville en centre de santé : salarisation d ’une profession libérale". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023EHES0186.
Texto completo da fonteThis research delves into the process of salarization within the medical profession in health centers. It pertains to the broader issue of salarization in liberal professions, which presents a relative contradiction considering the characteristics of employment (its legal subordination) and the legal framework of independent work associated with certain professional groups. The analysis focuses on the various regulatory modalities governing the practice of medicine in health centers: professional, public, and salaried. Fluctuations in public regulation, exemplified by the numerus clausus, highlight contradictions in managing healthcare supply, balancing public spending control, professional group interests, and responding to the needs of the population. The mechanisms of salarization are situated along the dividing lines between central and local public action, private and public spheres, profit-driven and non-profit sectors, and liberal and salaried practices. In parallel with the trend of liberal physicians consolidating into multi-professional ambulatory healthcare organizations, salaried physicians in health centers, although historically confined to the peripheries of the healthcare system, have the potential to influence the restructuring of medical care offerings. The proposed analysis of this salarization intersects with the sociology of professional groups, professional trajectories, public action, and employment. Following the examination of the establishment of the salaried segment of proximity medicine (interest groups, institutionalization) in the first part, the thesis reports on the hybridization of public action in its territorial dimension in the second part (medical distribution, local rebalancing). This hybridization aligns with a diversification of medical practice modes in the third part, assuming physicians use the plasticity of wage employment
Ouedraogo, Odette. "Ville, agricultures et santé dans le Grand Ouaga : un triptyque aux multiples influences". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nantes Université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023NANU2040.
Texto completo da fonteUrban agriculture plays a crucial role in feeding the population. Various studies have addressed this issue, but the interest of this thesis is to consider the interactions between the three terms of our questioning: the city, agriculture and health. Structured in the form of a triptych, we approach it in the context of the Greater Ouaga community of municipalities. A number of objectives have been set to focus on the concepts of proximity, innovation and the actor- network. Besides, the specificities of agriculture in this area, in particular market gardening and the associated set of players, serve as a basis for identifying the major issues associated with this activity, but the representations of health by the networks of players will also be targeted. In the absence of an available, up- to-date database on market gardening and a population- based approach, a mixed approach was adopted to obtain a fairly exhaustive base. Three forms of local agriculture have been identified in Grand Ouaga. These are conventional agriculture, with production areas scattered over the urban area, and innovative practices based on organic agriculture (AB) and agroecology (AE). The coexistence of these production methods is fairly recent, and is the result of the efforts of a number of players motivated to bring about changes in market gardeners' practices. Indeed, perceptions of conventional agriculture are changing, and the issue of health is playing a part in this. The use of the triptych is original in that it enables us to understand a pr that refers to an interrelationship and interaction and helps us to underst complex system. It highlights the information needs of different netwo order to move towards better segmentation of supply based on the qual agricultural products. It therefore raises the question of the possible leve increasing the development of AB and AE from a global health p
Boisvert, Érica. "Environnement, savoir médical et institutionnalisation de la santé l'amélioration de la santé des enfants dans une ville en processus d'industrialisation, Sherbrooke 1885 à 1935". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2006. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2438.
Texto completo da fonteRoy, Sophie. "Déterminants de l'utilisation des services publics de santé prénatale dans la ville de Rosario en Argentine". Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25620/25620.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteThe objectives of this case study were to identify factors that encourage women to consult healthcare services during pregnancy, as well as the barriers that prevent them from doing so. We also identify trends that could aid in formulating strategies to optimize prenatal care utilization in the city of Rosario in Argentina. We recruited 11 new-mothers and 8 healthcare workers in the public health sector of the municipality of Rosario. Data was collected based on partially open ended interviews. Results of the study show that there are no considerable barriers to public prenatal care utilization in Rosario. However, we did find a strong association between those women who delayed consultation regarding their pregnancy and those who had trouble accepting the fact that they were pregnant. The incidence of prenatal care utilization has increased dramatically from just fifteen years ago when only half of all pregnant women sought adequate prenatal care. As such, the medical community believes that women are now overusing the services. The most significant determinant of prenatal care utilization is the women’s conviction that medical care during pregnancy is necessary for the well-being of their child. The women we studied are expecting at least one consultation per month during their pregnancy. Those who felt they did not have enough visits also expressed dissatisfaction with the medical and emotional aspects of their care. Although the women we talked to appreciated access to specialized medical care services and technologies, they were above all grateful for access to free healthcare.
Corriveau, Anne-Marie. "L'émergence d'un modèle de concertation interorganisationnelle en contexte municipal le cas de Sherbrooke Ville en santé". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/370.
Texto completo da fonteAlgarra, Mireya. "La protection sociale de la santé à l'état vénézuélien : Le cas de la ville de Maracaibo". Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN1591.
Texto completo da fonteThis work proposes scan configuration, and coverage of social protection in health in Venezuela and its compatibility with the social representation exists on this aspect. The method used is based on analysis of its characteristics by contrasting it with the results of the field work was this title on a performs Internet population of Maracaibo, city which constitutes illustrative case from the present study. From hypothesis enunciated is established between the representation of social protection in health seen through opportunities for medical attention and effective coverage. Results show an incompatibility between these aspects because nearly 59% of the population is not provided by the State of health and 80% is measured against a standard d "help. However, two thirds of the respondents think the Mision Barrio inside is not bad and even when it was found that 51% of the surveyed pet not fallen this Mision centers where they have been needed and only 36% are going. More 100% pet interviewee visited popular firms do not found their health, which demonstrates that this policy does not protect the vénézuéliens in the health field
Fassin, Didier. "Thérapeutes et malades dans la ville africaine : rapports sociaux, urbanisation et santé à Pikine, banlieue de Dakar". Paris, EHESS, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988EHES0015.
Texto completo da fonteThe means that society implements to interpret, combat and prevent disease involve social representations and practises beyond biologic disorders of the body. For this reason, the study of the social relationships structuring the therapeutic relation and of the social actors involved, in the suburbs of dakar, enables to more generally understand the urban phenomenon in africa. From a sociological analysis (on a theme and field usually studied by medical anthropologists and urban anthropologists), the purpose is to shift the objects of the research from disease to health and from city to urbanization, i. E. , on the one hand, to look for the social and political stakes in the different fields where health is concerned and, on the other hand, to change the urban problematic form a spatial frame - the city - to a social context - the social relations which make urbanization. In order to demonstrate the complexity and hete- rogeneity of the urban society, the methodological approach has been varied, combining quantitative and qualitative studies, dealing with urban quarters and social networks, going back to the village, ending to an intentionnally fragmented description of the city. At the conclusion of this work, a new phenome- non appears through which african social realities are better understood : health appears as a market (in the weberian meaning), i. E. A socialized space where goods and services are exchanged between agents who belong to different fields (political, religious and of course medical) with distinct logics (which explains the constant readjustments which has health as a stake). This health market characterized by struggles for power and unequalities in front of disease has been studied in order to better analyze this process of social change which we called urbanization and in which the city is only the dominant focus
Gauthier, Myriam. "Étude exploratoire sur les expériences de santé et de soin d'adolescentes immigrantes de la ville de Québec". Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25292/25292.pdf.
Texto completo da fontePiérart, Julien. "Les mondes locaux de la santé publique". Université catholique de Louvain, 2004. http://edoc.bib.ucl.ac.be:81/ETD-db/collection/available/BelnUcetd-12202004-170747/.
Texto completo da fonteGaumer, Benoît. "Le Service de santé de la ville de Montréal, de la mise sur pied au démantèlement, 1865-1975". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq21463.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteFerrand-Nagel, Sabine. "De l'accès aux soins au mode de production alternatif : les centres de santé dans le redéploiement de la médecine de ville". Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010037.
Texto completo da fonteIn a context of liberal medicine crisis and health ependiture regulation, health centers seem alernative structures. Heterogeneous and few, unequally distributed on the french territory, they locally may be real competitors for liberal doctros. Their final characteristic, in front of liberal evolutions as group practice which are integrating global medicine and team working, lies in collective management of health, combining professionals, financers and users. Their historical calling, access to health care, did not vanish with the development of a social protection system ; the development of new poverty makes a revival of this theme. A statistical study in the hauts-de-seine department shows a division of the local care market, health centers being preferably serving communes with a high density of workers, unqualified and unelployment ones
Coeuret, Mireille. "Association entre adiposite et symptomatologie dépressive en population générale : étude sur la population de Fleurbaix-Laventie ville Santé II". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003VERS007G.
Texto completo da fonteBalthazard-Accou, Ketty. "Contamination microbiologique des eaux souterraines de la ville des Cayes, Haïti : évaluation des risques pour la santé des consommateurs". Amiens, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AMIE0122.
Texto completo da fonteProtozoa of the genus Cryptosporidium are intestinal parasites that infect the intestines of many vertebrates. They often generate an opportunistic parasitosis in immunodeficient individuals. These cosmopolitan protists can be found in different types of water, distribution in particular. The oocyst is the form of resistance and spread of the parasite in the environment. Frequently involved in acute and chronic diarrhea in children and adults, Cryptosporidium is a real public health issue in developing countries. In Haiti, Cryptosporidium oocysts were found in surface water and drinking water, including our study site, the city of Les Cayes. After having assessed the level of movement of oocysts in the environment of our study site, we tried: i) to identify the sources of this pollution by analyzing feces of animal freely circulating in the city ii) to understand the presence of Cryptosporidium in the aquifer of the city by the study of soil properties (particle size, testing percolation column, static tests) and therefore the mechanisms of transfer of oocysts from the surface to groundwater iii) to assess the health risk of the population. Of the 129 stool specimens of various species of animals analyzed, the presence of Cryptosporidium coproantigens is noted in 27 by the use of commercial kits from which 17 were confirmed by the detection of oocysts by staining. The soil grain size is ≤ 2 mm. There is an absence of oocysts in the leachate obtained from percolation tests. This result is due to the quality of soil samples and treatments. On the other hand, the tests reveal a static adsorption on the sand of oocysts confirmed by confocal microscopy observation. As for risk estimation, we defined two groups in the exposed population: immunocompetent and immunocompromised. It appears as expected a high risk for the immunocompromised. The results of our work, after all incomplete to assess the real impact of the movement of oocysts on the health of exposed populations, have nonetheless revealed the extent of the phenomenon and allowed us to consider possible remedial strategies to improve the quality of water available to people. For example, zeolites, which are natural materials, are excellent ion exchangers and their use in the treatment process of water contaminated with oocysts can probably generate a significant level of retention
Ymba, Maïmouna. "Accès et recours aux soins de santé modernes en milieu urbain : le cas de la ville d'Abidjan - Côte d'Ivoire". Thesis, Artois, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ARTO0005.
Texto completo da fonteThe city of Abidjan is located in the South of the Ivory Coast. It is the economic capital since 1983 and the first city of the country. It concentrates human potential and health of dense care supply modern and diversified divided on weak physical distance, giving the impression that everything is approachable. In effect, the State Of the Ivory Coast approved important investments to construct and equip services of health care since the emergence of the city at the beginning of last century to ameliorate the access to health care of abidjanais. However, in spite of a considerable increase among health facilities and among their availability, the rates of uses and company of the services of modern health care in the spaces of the city of Abidjan remain weak and the indicators of health remain very worrying and the needs in care of health are important. On top of that, the space and demographic speeded up growth which knows the city draw away quick changes in her territorial organization preventing the public authorities made responsible with planning for following the rhythm of its urban growth. They did not always manage to equip new urban spaces with timely urban services and to integrate new citizens at the various origins. This thesis allows to be studying, how, in a considered context as privileged, settle the problems of access and health care seeking in the services of modern health. To accomplish this plan, this study, from the combination of spatial analysis, statistics, and field work, analyses the socio- spatial inequality of access to the services of health to head with the problem of accessibility in care, so physical, cultural, material that social. It also measures the adequacy of health care supply at the Needs in care of health of populations to identify zones and populations discriminated for the access to health care. And finally, this study analyses the city practices in the use of health care, as well as the determinants that hinder or facilitate access to health care in the city of Abidjan. Study results show that the services of health exist, they are dense and manifold, but they did not leave again where there are most needs in care of health. In our study, they also underline a predominance of the taking care at home of morbid episodes notably across self-medication and a reduction of the use of the services of modern care. The seeking in structures of health care becomes rare in the space where the needs in care of health are the most important. Self-medication or street medicine are the most favouring in general. Structures of health care are solicited that when illness becomes very serious. Our results also show that it is difficult to allocate to a factor the role determining therapeutic seeking, because behaviours are determined at the same time by the socio-demographic characteristics of the individual, his family and by contextual parameters, but also by the characteristics of morbid episode, by the knowledge of the ambient the health care system and attitudes in relation to the health care system. However, we can say that in Abidjan, the city practices of health care seeking are dependent on the economic capacity of household with risk augmented to marginalize the most vulnerable persons
Sarrade, Cobos Diana. "Le mal-développement de l'Équateur : analyse des relations entre santé, éducation et environnement. : le cas de la ville Quito". Thesis, Tours, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR2021.
Texto completo da fonteThe poor-development of Ecuador and its capital is a complex phenomenon that could be analyzed under diverse angles. The socio-environmental dimension, rarely studied, aims to question the “limited” economic studies by providing a different perspective. This thesis follows the mentioned approach and it is based on the analysis of three factors for development: health, education and environment. Furthermore, in order to understand the Ecuadorian issue, it is important to go back to the economic and political history of the country. The research and the analysis focus on the period from 1948 to 2008. These years establish the incorporation of the concept of development in the Governmental Administration by the President Galo Plaza Lasso and by the endorsement of the last Constitution. The multidimensional and multidisciplinary approach of Political Ecology, allows identifying the main causes and outcomes of the poor-development of the country and its capital, Quito. After fifty years of policies that tore down the growth, Ecuador is experiencing at the moment a social, economic and environmental crisis that exhibits the failure of the liberal economic model. Based on the exploitation and exports of its natural resources, the Ecuadorian economy has not contributed to improve the life conditions of its entire population, but it contributed to integrate the country into the international trade market. This choice has led to the strengthening of social inequalities and to the deterioration of the milieu. The government, subdued by the interests of the financial elites and reliant of the global economy, never engaged in a process of wealth redistribution. The study of the Ecuadorian society in terms of health conditions, education and environment has confirmed its poor-development. Despite the existence of a legal system that guarantees citizens’ right to healthcare, education and a well being, the policies brought in to place didn’t allow to ensure proper living conditions for the entire population. There are not the laws or policies that have failed during the Ecuadorian developmental process, but the mechanisms to enforce them. In health, education and environmental matters, the public authorities, more often than not, act in accordance to the international pronouncements. The urban issue, studied throughout the case of Quito, shows the problematic of the local administration. Although the city shows significant difficulties to provide a situation of welfare to its citizens, local authorities seem to be more determined to build the foundations of an enhanced development. The thoughts carried out around the local power open a new path to the analysis of development
Elias, Alissar. "Territoires et conditions de vie : santé des femmes et des enfants dans trois quartiers squattés de la ville d’El-Mina, Liban-Nord". Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1175.
Texto completo da fonteHay El-Tanak, Haouch and El-Masaken El-Chaabiyah are three squatter settlements located in El-Mina city, Northern Lebanon and dating back to the beginning of the 20th century. This costal city, taking a peninsular form, is part of Al-Fayhaa Federation of Municipalities headed by Tripoli municipality. Squatter territories targeted in this study include settlements illicitly built on private lands and buildings occupied by households with no tenure rights. Populations residing in these territories suffer from nature and anthropogenic hazards which criticality varies in each settlement. Despite these vulnerabilities, upgrading projects of living conditions remain very rare. This precarious situation aroused many questions about the inhabitants' health profile. Therefore, the current research is realized on a punctual small scale of these settlements favoring the exploration of women's health profile during « perinatal » phase and children's health status until the age of five. Away from internal characteristics of informal settlements, does the external geographic context play a role in the health status of these populations? Is there any impact of the health care system of the city and what are the other urban actors influencing the actual health status of the inhabitants of squatter settlements? Consequently, a combination of statistical and spatial analyses methods are adopted in order to address the health profile of women and children. The hypothesis raised in this study was verified in bringing out a partial resilience situation of the inhabitants of the squatter settlements in spite of the existing hazards. Over time, the populations targeted could overcome the danger by acquiring protective behaviors. Therefore, during the “perinatal” phase a big proportion of women interviewed declared a regular monitoring of their pregnancy the fact that decreased the complications like premature births, complicated delivery, and early neonatal mortality. In fact, women living in these settlements prioritize the quality of care and specialized health centers during the “perinatal” period. These practices are supported by the multiple health offers and the financial aid existing in the cities of Tripoli and El-Mina. Many urban actors participate in facilitating the accessibility to health care including dispensaries, hospitals, doctors, non-governmental organizations, charity religious and political associations. However, for children under five, results showed that diarrhea, cough and fever infections marked high prevalence. Diarrhea accompanied with fever is correlated to the quality of water consumed in the three squatter settlements. In addition, this category of age suffers from delays in the immunization calendar. In fact, mothers met in these settlements search for the less expensive offer when it comes for their children's health care. Disparities between the settlements' urban form and levels of vulnerability didn't lead to significant statistical differences in the prevalence of health indicators amongst their inhabitants. As well, this study witnesses an added-value brought by geography in the evaluation of marginalized populations' health. The exploration of the role of urban actors facilitating the health care use helped in the explanation of declared health profile. Nevertheless, this approach remains qualitative and recommends the development of a geocoded and standardized information system managed by the ministry of public health in all the health care centers operating in Lebanon
Mukandoli, Euphrosine. "Évaluation de la satisfaction des bénéficiaires des mutuelles de santé de la Mairie de la Ville de Kigali (MVK) au Rwanda". Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26812/26812.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteKassie, Daouda. "Segmentations urbaines et disparités de santé dans une ville moyenne africaine : du paludisme aux états nutritionnels à Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso)". Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100020.
Texto completo da fonteThe urbanization is a phenomenon which modifies the living conditions and the environment on all the continents. Since 2007, more half of the world population lives in urban areas. However, much of cities of the developing countries are growing without control, exposing the populations to many environmental risks which have complex medical consequences, rather badly known. It is particularly the case of the small and medium-sized cities of Africa.By developing a research program on the town of Bobo-Dioulasso, the second city of Burkina Faso, where the relations between urbanization and health were sparsely analyzed, particularly by the medical geographers, we aim to analyze the production of the inequalities of health taking into account urbanization process according to an original methodological approach. Several health indicators were used, among them malaria and nutritional states, both on adults from 35 to 59 years and on children from 6 to 59 months, resulting from districts which have been chosen to illustrate urban diversity in order to thus maximize the amplitude of the differences in health between the districts but also within the districts. Our work constitutes the bases of more elaborate analyses of the relations between the processes of urbanization and the inequalities of health in order to understand socio-territorial constructions of them. It allowed important methodological projections as regards sampling of urban space and it introduces a typology of the city showing that its segmentation is implied in the production of the inequalities of health
Lagasnerie, Grégoire de. "Trois essais en économie de la santé sur la régulation de la demande de soins de ville s'appuyant sur la méthode de micro-simulation". Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0093.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis sheds light on various issues in health economics (reimbursement system of care, sensitivity of the demand for health care prices , prediction of the dynamics of care expenses ) through the technique of micro -simulation. This thesis is composed of three articles. The first two articles of this thesis contribute to improved understanding of the mechanism related to the regulation of health care demand through the reimbursement system. The last article analyzes the evolution of the demand for care in the medium and long term. The first article focuses on the analysis in term of equity and hedging of reform of the reimbursement system of healthcare services in France. The second article examines the implications for health insurance and the insured of changes in consumption behavior of insured following a reform of the reimbursement system of cafe in France. The third article, from the study of different methods of projections in the economic literature analyzes the dynamic of outpatient healthcare expenditure related to the ageing population
Botton, Jérémie. "Croissances staturale et pondérale jusqu'à cinq ans : relations avec la composition corporelle et les paramètres cardiométaboliques à l'adolescence. Etude Fleurbaix Laventie Ville Santé II". Paris 11, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01755570.
Texto completo da fonteTrépanier, Jean-Pierre. "Analyse organisationnelle de l'offre de services de santé et de services sociaux aux itinérants de la ville de Québec par les milieux communautaire et institutionnel". Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24500/24500.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteMattmann, Sylvie. "Les contextes d'émergence des coopératives de santé et de services sociaux : le cas de la Coopérative de solidarité SABSA à Québec". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31345.
Texto completo da fonteThe emergence of cooperatives providing services in the field of health and social services is a rather marginal phenomenon, although their number has increased over the last decades. The SABSA Multi-Stakeholder Cooperative in Quebec City’s Lower Town has been created by nurses and social workers whose aim was to facilitate access to adapted primary care for a population unreached by conventional structures. The objective of this study is to understand the context which has led to the foundation of the SABSA Multi-Stakeholder Cooperative. In order to achieve this objective, a qualitative single case study with embedded units of analysis adopting a methodological perspective inspired by an epistemology of the particular was conducted. Interviews with founding members (n=5) as well as data from interview transcripts conducted with these same individuals for a previous study were used. The results of this research provide details regarding the socio-economic, political, institutional and individual contexts that are liable to contribute to the understanding of the emergence of this model in the province of Quebec. In addition, the results suggest that SABSA's founding members aim to use the cooperative model as an innovation tool with the intention to offer services that were previously missing, inadequate, incomplete or fragmented, in the absence of any possibility to improve the services offered by the current structures. Moreover, the founding members of SABSA use the cooperative model to involve all those concerned in the decision-making process relating to services offered and their organization. Ultimately, the emergence of the SABSA Multi-Stakeholder Cooperative highlights the need and the challenge of organizing dynamic spaces conducive to innovation and collective participation to governance for current health care systems. Keywords: health and social services cooperatives, contexts of emergence, primary care, innovative model, community health
Hervouet, Lucile. "Hôpital et médecine de ville face au cancer : Les enjeux de la coordination de la prise en charge des malades atteints de cancer au sein de réseaux de santé". Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05H042.
Texto completo da fonteThis work deals with the relationships between hospital and general practice, while caring for people suffering from cancer. It focuses on what is at stake in the coordination of these healthcare network actors. In order to clarify the process of formalization of coordination in cancer’s care system, we identified actor’s goals and causes of the convergence of their concerns. Firstly, we described the process of definition of coordination as a problem in the policy of fight against cancer and the selection of an instrument to solve this problem. Secondly, thanks to a qualitative and quantitative methodology, we understood the way “social actors” play with the coordination issue. We described perceptions and practices of patients, General Practitioners and Hospital Doctors and the conditions of subscription to formal health networks. The study showed that their subscription depends on symbolic and strategic variables
Heude, Barbara. "Epidémiologie du développement de l'adiposité chez l'enfant : Evolution naturelle avec l'âge et la puberté, ressemblances familiales et étude d'un gène candidat : L'étude Fleurbaix Laventie ville Santé". Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA11TO33.
Texto completo da fonteChu, Xuan Huy. "Analyse géomatique de la correspondance entre la localisation des hôpitaux de la ville d'Hanoi (Viêt-nam) et les besoins de la population en soins de santé". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2005. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2442.
Texto completo da fonteLafay, Lionel. "Approche épidémiologique des relations entre les préoccupations pondérales, le comportement alimentaire et l'évolution du poids dans une population d'adultes : résultats de l'étude Fleurbaix Laventie Ville Santé I". Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA11T019.
Texto completo da fonteLn parallel to the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in Westemized contries, more and more people are concerned about their weight. The main purpose of this work was to study, in adults, the associations between baseline weight preoccupations on the one hand, baseline reported food intake, food craving and weight change between 1993 and 1997 on the other hand. Data from 513 women and 489 men in the FLVS J study, their 3-day food record and a self-questionnaire were analysed Weight preoccupations were found to be associated with a significantly decreased reported energy intake. Using the ratio of energy intake to estimated basal metabolic rate, it was shown that the more concerned about their weight the subject felt, their dietary records were Jess representative of their usual food habits. In women particularly, weight preoccupations were also found to be positively associated with reported food craving. Concerning reported weight change, a significantly higher variability was observed in women who felt the more concerned about their weight: some of them reported an important weight gain whereas others reported weight loss. In men, no association was observed between weight preoccupations and changes in weight. Ln conclusion, weight preoccupations may bias food intake reports, are associated with food craving and with a higher variability of weight change over a 4-year period. These results were discussed in the context of the « weight » cycling theory
Diawara, Amadou Bélal. "Les déchets solides a Dakar. Environnement, sociétés et gestion urbaine". Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00466516.
Texto completo da fonteKettaneh, Adrien. "Activité physique et adipocytokines : relations transversales et longitudinales à l'adiposité, ainsi qu'à d'autres facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire chez l'enfant et l'adulte en population générale : l'étude Fleurbaix Laventie Ville Santé II". Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA11T005.
Texto completo da fonteWangata, Shadi Jemima. "Travailleurs du secteur informel du transport en commun de la ville, province de Kinshasa, République démocratique du Congo, acteurs de la mobilité urbaine, quelle sécurité et santé au travail ?enjeux et perspectives". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209116.
Texto completo da fonteSuite à la faillite des entreprises étatiques chargées du transport en commun dans la ville province de Kinshasa, la gestion de ce domaine a été reprise par les personnes privées. Cette situation a pu favoriser l’essor d’une activité caractérisée d’informelle, de par plusieurs caractéristiques notamment, le non respect de la réglementation du travail. Il s’est ainsi mise en place une activité du transport en commun avec des conditions d’emploi et de travail précaires, supposées être la source de plusieurs problèmes de sécurité et santé au travail (SST) pour les populations des travailleurs y exerçant.
Parmi tant d’autres externalités suscitées par cette activité du transport urbain telles, la faible qualité des services fournis, les fréquences aléatoires des véhicules, problèmes qui jusque là avaient fait l’objet des préoccupations de la ville, notre travail a plutôt trouvé un intérêt particulier aux problèmes relatifs au bien-être au travail dans ce secteur. Ainsi, portant notre démarche vers la compréhension du contexte de cette activité, nous nous sommes questionnés sur l’impact des conditions d’emploi et de travail sur la SST de ces travailleurs. L’évaluation de cet impact ainsi que la compréhension de l’organisation de la SST au Congo nous a permis de réfléchir et de poser les bases d’un cadre spécifique visant de la gestion de multiples risques professionnels auxquels sont exposés les travailleurs dans ce secteur, la conception classique de la SST ne paraissant pas assez large pour y garantir un bien-être au travail.
Matériels de Méthodes
Nos recherches se sont basées sur deux grandes enquêtes avec une administration d’un questionnaire ainsi qu’une étude d’observation sur terrain. Toutes ces études se sont réalisées dans la ville province de Kinshasa auprès des échantillons de travailleurs sectionnés parmi de la population des travailleurs du secteur informel.
Les résultats de l’étude d’observation nous a permis l’identification des dangers et facteurs de risques dans cette activité ainsi que la modélisation de la précarité dans lequel exercent ces travailleurs. Les résultats des enquêtes, quant à eux ont permis la réalisation de trois études transversales descriptives portant sur les problèmes de santé en rapport aux conditions d’emploi et de travail ainsi que sur les problèmes de sécurité à savoir les accidents du travail dans ce secteur. Ces études ont permis de présenter les statistiques usuelles et des Odds ratio en utilisant le logiciel SPSS.
Des revues de la littérature nous ont emmenés à comprendre les questions relatives aux limites et à l’opacité dans l’application de la réglementation du travail dans ce secteur informel ainsi que le modèle d’organisation de la SST en République Démocratique du Congo. Ce qui a conduit notre réflexion sur les éléments clés pour la mise en place d’un cadre spécifique de prise en charge de la SST dont un plus grand nombre de ces travailleurs pourraient aisément bénéficier en vue du bien être au travail dans ce secteur.
Résultats
Les résultats issus des différentes études, sont présentés dans cette thèse et ont pu faire l’objet des publications scientifiques. Sont à retenir les observations ci-après :
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Doctorat en Sciences de la santé publique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Martinez-Sancho, Lou. "Impacts de l'optimisation du mix énergétique des villes de demain : vulnérabilité, éthique, santé publique et territoires durables". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ6045.
Texto completo da fonteThe quality of life of inhabitants is directly correlated with energy, which is transformed into work and movement to improve the Human Development Index (HDI). At the same time, the production of energy deteriorates the environment, human health, and the overall ecosystem of a healthy city. This thesis explores the energy dilemma, researching the impact of the transition to low-carbon energy systems on urban health and vulnerabilities. The research combines quantitative methodologies, including DOE (Design of Experiments) and Monte Carlo (stochastic) modeling, with qualitative methods such as postphenomenology to study the impact of energy systems on the urban exposome, using a case study in the City of Oak Ridge, Tennessee. The thesis concludes that energy production systems affect the urban exposome, as higher pollution levels may place inhabitants with lower incomes at greater risk, establishing this correlation. The median household income gradient suggests a negative relationship between decreasing wealth and exposure to toxic releases and diesel particulate matter (PM). The thesis also identifies three major variables—CO2 emissions, energy capacity, and Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE)—as impacting mortality rates in Oak Ridge, TN. It suggests that controlling the carbon intensity of a given energy production could reduce the mortality rate. The 3D optimum energy model corresponds to lower emissions with the optimal capacity of the system and LCOE. To transfer the study and methodologies applied in this thesis, we propose three replicable epistemological archetypes (NOW-NEW-NEXT) to address the energy dilemma and its impact on the urban energy exposome. This calls for a multidisciplinary and humble approach to integrate diverse knowledge systems. The thesis underscores the role of postphenomenology in understanding the urban energy exposome and its impact on public health, suggesting that non-polluted air alone is insufficient for creating healthy cities. The transition from individual consciousness and experience to a collective one is a transcendental movement where past, present, and future contribute to community decision-making and acceptability. Thus, the thesis concludes that a balance between technological innovations and humanistic approaches is necessary to tackle the energy dilemma and advocates for the integration of diverse epistemologies to advance the understanding of the urban energy exposome and its impact on environmental justice
Zehnati, Ahcène. "Analyse économique de l'émergence et du développement d'une offre privée de soins en Algérie". Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOE008.
Texto completo da fonteIn Algeria, the health field has changed with the emergence and expansion of the private healthcare sector profit in its two components: private clinics and physicians in liberal, thus ending the hegemony over three decades the public sector. A hybrid system where care has resulted in a public sector characterized by multiple failures seems to feed a growing private sector. This dynamic occurs in the context of a plural transition: an unplanned economic transition, a sociological transition with a strong urbanization, rapid demographic transition, an epidemiological transition and ongoing political transition still pending. Interactions between individual strategies of health professionals and the contextual elements have determined the evolution of the Algerian health system. The private clinics as new figure in the healthcare landscape reveals innovative structures in the sense that, new methods of organization and working with unusual interaction and coordination modes that emerged out leading to a drift from the old operating mode systems creating a collective dynamics between doctors and patients. They attract both doctors, looking for additional income, patients in search of an immediate and better care, try to avoid long waiting list in the public sector. The enclosed operating care system is replaced by an operation network in relation between the various actors in the healthcare system according to affinities, sensitivities and financial interests
Legendre, Anne-Laure. "Explorer ce qui fait bien-être dans son cadre de vie : une recherche ancrée dans le vécu des habitants de quartiers défavorisés en France. Expérimentation d’une évaluation des impacts sur la santé comme vecteur d’un apprentissage collectif des liens entre santé, développement durable et urbanisme Évaluation des impacts sur la santé : d’une évaluation de l’évaluation à l’ouverture d’une discussion sur les impensés de la démarche Comprendre avant d'améliorer les conditions de vie de quartiers défavorisés:quels apports des approches ethnographiques? Penser le bien-être de son cadre de vie:ce que nous apporte l'étude de l'expérience vécue des habitants de différents quartiers défavorisés en France". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASU004.
Texto completo da fonteRegardless of our culture or way of life, we have to “live” somewhere, and for more than half of the world’s population, their life takes place in a city. Urban areas are attractive for many reasons, but they also concentrate many problems of pollution, poor health conditions and social challenges. Above all, it is clear that people do not benefit equally of good living conditions, and the distribution of urban quality reveals significant disparities. How then could we define what is a good living environment in favor of people’s wellbeing? Wellbeing is an ambiguous concept for which no unique and absolute indicator can ever be found, but the question of its assessment remains. Urban planning that designs and shapes the places we live in, public health with its definition of health as complete well-being, or philosophy that, since Aristote described what makes a life a “good life”, we have access to many ways of considering the concept of wellbeing. For epistemological and ethical reasons, we have chosen to study urban wellbeing starting from the people in their living environment. Our work focuses on the French designated “priority” neighborhoods, because of the spatial and social inequalities observed on those territories. This thesis is based on several participatory action-researches conducted with municipalities near Paris and La Rochelle about urban public actions and urban renovation programs. Our work is particularly underpinned by the realization of Health Impact Assessments (HIA) of two urban projects, for which we chose to experiment an open approach with the implication of municipal agents and local actors. The objective was also to research the conditions of collective learning about the links between health, wellbeing and urbanism. This work relies on literature data, but also on people’s experience of their living environment that we collected through ethnographical types of field survey. The stories that we gathered draw the attention to the relation between people and their neighborhood, and what really matters to them. They also enable us to understand the fact of living in a place as a total human experience, far from analytical approaches that tend to be compartmentalized into different predefined parameters. Inspired by relational sociology, we sought for regularities, forces and tensions in those different individual stories, and we argue that this enables us to overcome some of the difficulties that usually arise in concertation processes. It also enables to clarify the issues that the territory is facing, and to drive the discussions in the process of project assessment on the real experience of people in their neighborhoods. Finally, we have developed a heuristic framework to approach expressions of place attachment, that we considered as a proxy for wellbeing in this research. The categories that we found in the surveys (familiarity, integration, safety and comfort, control of one’s life, injustice, fulfillment) work together as a system and they differ completely from functionalist and utilitarian approaches that are still fully present in urban programs, public health or urban ecology. Studying the conditions of possibilities of place attachment and of the empowerment of people in their living environment opens very interesting perspectives to design and develop local policies, especially in the urban realm. Feelings of injustice are very present in the survey, and considering the real experience of people is the only way to understand where inequalities are experienced as unjust, an approach that we consider relevant to overcome the limits of a static analysis of inequalities based on statistics
Pereira, Céline. "La régulation économique de la médecine de ville". Paris 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA020040.
Texto completo da fonteColdefy, Magali. "De l'asile à la ville : une géographie de la prise en charge de la maladie mentale en France". Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00498772.
Texto completo da fontePainter, Sara. "L’inclusion dans la ville des personnes en fragilité psychique vieillissantes : une étude qualitative des espaces de vie d’adhérents d’un Groupe d’Entraide Mutuelle (GEM) d’une petite ville française". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN20055.
Texto completo da fonteThis research seeks to inform the discussion on inclusion in the city of ageing psychologically fragile people by applying a scientific perspective to the daily experience of this population which is often overlooked in the social sciences and in public debate. The aim is to question their relationship to the city by analysing their everyday geographies. Are their urban practices constrained? Are they able to take their place in the city? This research consists of a qualitative study of the living spaces of 14 ageing psychologically fragile people living in a small town and its surrounding villages. These people are members of an associative peer-support group called a “GEM”. The data collection is based on several months of participatory observation in the GEM and on two series of interviews, which included the drawing of a mental map, with the 14 participants. The participants expressed a mitigated sense of spatial appropriation as their everyday geographies are characterized by a constant oscillation between control and lack of control. The analysis highlights the particular status of the GEM in the participants’ living space. It offers a spatial resource in the city which the participants can have control of. As the GEM opens onto the urban environment, it allows them to enjoy places they would not go to as individuals, thus diversifying and extending their living space. The analysis also shows how the members have collectively taken hold of their GEM in order to make the city more inclusive
Gautier, Sylvain. "La structuration territoriale des soins primaires à l'épreuve de l'épidémie de COVID-19 : quelle réponse de la médecine de ville aux situations sanitaires exceptionnelles ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASR031.
Texto completo da fonteThe territorial structuring of primary care can be defined as an evolving and strategic transformation process aimed at reorganising and strengthening the organisation of first-line healthcare services. This process involves moving from a traditional model of isolated practice to a more integrated and cooperative territorial organisation among professionals, leading the primary care sector to address territorial public health challenges. The management of exceptional health situations is one of these challenges. The main objective of this thesis is to study the relationship between the territorial structuring of primary care and the sector's capacity to respond to exceptional health situations, using the COVID-19 epidemic as an example.The first part of the thesis presents a mixed-methods study designed to better understand the concept of territorial structuring of primary care and to propose a typology for mainland France at the level of life-health territories. The qualitative component, conducted in seven territories, helped identify key factors of this structuring. Based on these factors, the quantitative component used a hierarchical clustering on principal components approach to define four types of life-health territories: territories that are poorly or not structured, territories with potential for structuring, territories in the process of structuring, and fully structured territories hosting a health territorial and professional community (HTPC).The second part of the thesis used this typology in a cross-sectional epidemiological study focused on changes in the activity of general practitioners during the first wave of COVID-19 in 2020. This study showed that well-structured territories allowed physicians to better adapt to the pandemic, notably through increased use of teleconsultation. The results highlighted a significant link between the level of territorial structuring of primary care and the adaptability of general practitioners.The third part focused on nursing homes and their adaptation to the crisis based on the territorial structuring of primary care. By evaluating several categories of nursing homes, the study demonstrated that those located in areas with well-structured primary care exhibited a better capacity to respond to the crisis, with fewer hospital admissions and lower mortality. This underscores the importance of cooperation between primary care and the medico-social sector to enhance territorial resilience.The territorial structuring of primary care appears to be an important lever for improving responses to health crises. This work has shown that territories with structured primary care organisations were better able to maintain continuity of care and collaborate with other health sectors. Future perspectives include strengthening this structuring, which serves as a catalyst for population-level responsibility among stakeholders, to better prepare the French healthcare system for future crises
Harang, Maud. "Système de soins et croissance urbaine dans une ville en mutation : le cas de Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)". Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100207.
Texto completo da fonteOuagadougou, capital city of Burkina Faso, has been experiencing an unprecedented urban, demographic and spatial growth for free decades. This rapid change is not without repercussions on the organisation of the city because the urban planning authorities have not always been able to provide new urban spaces with timely urban services and to integrate new citizens. These changes also have detrimental effects on health system. This thesis specifically addresses the relationship between the city and its health system. The changes experienced by the city make it posssible to study several aspects of the health care system using the analysis of social and spatial disparities in health care supply, the activity of health facilities and urban pratices regarding health care seeking. The health care system must now fit the urban specificities of health, i. E. The health care supply is abundant and varied but unequally accessible, health care needs are more and more numerous and diversified (with the persistence of wellknown infectious diseases and the emergence of chronic and degenerative diseases due to this urban way of life) and alternative practices can be observed regarding health care seeking
Jaisson, Marie. "Les Lieux de l'art : études sur la structure sociale du milieu médical dans une ville universitaire de province [Dijon]". Paris, EHESS, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EHES0002.
Texto completo da fonteThe aim of the study is the analysis of the concrete conditions exercise of the medical practices in a french provincial town equiped with a medical school. The logic and the sociology of these practices have to be understood under a structural hypothesis which presupposes the permanency and the long term transformation of social structures immediatly perceived by social agents so that cursuses and individual choices can be explained. Such an hypothesis has not been developped so far in medical sociology. Conclusions (1) a property of such a structure is its high level of local autonomy (2) the medical specialities can be characterized too by a specific autonomy but not local the noddles of the structure are the hospitals specialized in the training of medical students (centres hospitalouniversitaires) where various conversions of the capitals associated with each autonomy are possible. Therefore some elements proper to the logic of the social division of medical labor by gender are shown as some effects of social origins among the medical students. The sources are the productions of french administrations and research organization about medicine and set of interviews
Pilorge, Céline. "Réguler le marché de ville du médicament français : Trois essais de microéconomie appliquée". Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC0061/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis addresses several issues: on the one hand, we focus on policies for controlling drug expenditures: on the other hand, we analyze the price competition on the OTC drugs market, in a context of drugs delisting policies.In recent years, some plans to affect change and improve prescribing practices are developed, with the emergence of physician profiling methods. The first chapter wonders about such a profiling in the current information system. Results show that outliers can be correctly identified; but to broaden profiling, we have to use some disease-specific indicators, or to improve information systems with diagnostic codes to define more general indicators.In addition to patient health, various sociological and economic factors may influence physician practices, including the competitive environment. The second chapter focuses on the unequal spatial distribution of general practitioners on drugs prescribing variability. Results are sensitive to the specification used for the medical density variable and suggest there is no effect of the density variation on the average prescribing cost per patient and per physician. However, this result reflects the sum of two opposite effects that cancel.In a context where the sale of OTC drugs outside pharmacies is controversial, the third chapter show there is no price competition between pharmacies on this market segment
Miralles, Celia. "La tuberculose dans l’espace social barcelonais 1929-1936". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20044/document.
Texto completo da fonte« Consumption », a major concern of the late 19th century, was still a disease associated with misery in the collective imagination of the early 20th century. The present dissertation focuses on consumption in the Barcelonian social space of the 1930s: it seeks to circumscribe the multiple meanings of tuberculosis which emerge from medical discourse as well as from the patients’ experience.The discovery of the Koch bacillus in 1882 entailed a redefinition of the fight against tuberculosis, as the bacillus came to be seen as the single cause of the disease. Since priority was given to the eradication of the contagious agent, tuberculosis was more than before associated with dust, unsanitary and crowded environments. From 1929 to 1936, the Catalan authorities in Barcelona concentrated on preventive action, which consisted in the extirpation of the Koch bacillus from housing in some areas that were precisely identified.Besides the analysis of tuberculosis as a homogeneous social construct, the present dissertation takes the patients’ points of view into account. Tuberculosis is a social disease that characterises a group of individuals and isolates them from the rest of society. A focus on individuals who were treated in a network of free dispensaries, hospitals and sanatoriums helps us understand their position in the social landscape of Barcelona at that time : prior to being diagnosed with tuberculosis, the patients had been working and were often marginally integrated to the city’s life without being altogether socially isolated. Contracting the disease is what downgraded them to the category of medically treated paupers.More than a common status though, tuberculosis was a personal experience for the individuals struggling against the disease and getting cured. The latter’s clinical files provide a bottom-up perspective on medical institutions and on the logics of modern medical discourse. The patients’ individual trajectories in the capital of Catalonia further blur the unified and homogeneous reference to tuberculosis, as they give priority to personal concerns over health requirements and over the absolute necessity of the fight against the bacillus, thus revealing diverging contemporary understandings of the fight against tuberculosis
La antes denominada tisis pulmonar, enfermedad social por excelencia del siglo XIX, sigue siendo, aun en el siglo XX, empreñada de un fuerte imaginario común asociado a la miseria social. Esa tesis doctoral pretende analizar la inscripción de esta enfermedad en el espacio social barcelonés de los años 1930 y con este fin toma en cuenta las múltiples acepciones de la tuberculosis, entremezclando discursos de los médicos y vivencias de los pacientes.Con el descubrimiento del bacilo de Koch en 1882, el microbio se convierte en la única causa de la enfermedad lo cual supone una redefinición de la lucha antituberculosa, ahora directamente orientada hacia la eliminación del agente contagioso. Aun más que antes, la tuberculosis es entonces asociada al rincón polvoriento, al ambiente insalubre y el hacinamiento. En Barcelona entre 1929 y 1936 las autoridades catalanas se concentran en el establecimiento de una lucha preventiva que aspira a extirpar el germen de ciertas viviendas precisamente identificadas en la ciudad.La tuberculosis también es una enfermedad social que caracteriza a un grupo de individuos aislándolo del resto de la sociedad. Además de una reflexión sobre la construcción social de una categoría homogénea alrededor del denominador común que constituye el microbio, esa tesis tiene como objetivo realzar la realidad vivida por los individuos enfermos curados en los dispensarios, hospitales y sanatorios gratuitos, así como entender sus maneras de desenvolverse en el panorama social barcelonés en esa época. Así aparece que los tuberculosos suelen ser unos activos con una posición social precaria, vinculada a una menor integración en la ciudad, sin ser por lo tanto completamente aislados socialmente. Es la declaración de la enfermedad la que les hace “bascular” en un grupo de excluidos sociales asumidos como tales por las autoridades médicas.Pero, más que un identificador común, la tuberculosis es sobre todo una vivencia personal. El enfermo es un actor esencial de su enfermedad tanto como de su curación, y su recorrido muestra una práctica de la lucha que permite redefinir desde abajo las estructuras asistenciales y la lógica médica moderna tal como es evocada en los discursos. Por fin, los recorridos individuales de enfermos en Barcelona nublan sobre todo la percepción de una categoría unificada y homogénea, realzando las preocupaciones personales que se sobreponen a la exigencia de salud, o a la absoluta necesidad de prevenirse frente al germen, dejando ver visiones discrepantes de la lucha contra la enfermedad
Bottaro, Gianfranco. "Identités, stratégies corporelles et masculinités gay dans la ville globale états-unienne". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26161.
Texto completo da fonteCe mémoire explore les stratégies corporelles des hommes gay, ainsi que leur rôle dans la construction, la négociation et l'affirmation de leur identité masculine, au quotidien. Il repose sur les concepts centraux d'identité incorporée et de performativité de l'identité de genre. Les données, qualitatives, ont été recueillies auprès de résidants de quatre métropoles états-uniennes qui s'investissent activement dans des projets corporels incluant la chirurgie esthétique, les rituels de grooming et les pratiques vestimentaires. Le mémoire met en évidence le rôle crucial du corps dans la création et la performance de l'identité masculine gay. Parfois transformé afin qu'il se conforme aux canons de beauté associés à la masculinité hégémonique, dans la communauté gay comme dans la société en général, le corps, nu ou habillé, apparaît dès lors comme le produit d'un travail, l'indicateur d'une volonté et le signe d'une compétence, car chacun est considéré responsable de l'image qu'il donne de lui-même. MOTS CLÉS: masculinité, gay, identité, corps, ville globale, apparence, chirurgie esthétique.
Kozounga, Parfait. "Le recours aux soins de la mère et de l'enfant dans la ville de Bangui : analyse géographique". Montpellier 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON30001.
Texto completo da fonteBangui is, as the central african republic capital city, privileged by a better nealtn environment tnan the rest of the country. However, this urban entity is conspicouous by its neterogeneous-ness: -disparities noticed in medical servic ing come witnin the social structure of the city. Primay health public services are indeed, in concern of equity widely accessible. On the contrary, secondary and tertiary healtn services are concetrated in the main town. Consequently private care training offer mainly their services to "soivent" populations. As regards socioeconomic central nealtn sectors which are not only bulding site developped but also supplied with running water and electricity are therefore in contrast with tne oultying sectors. O, fact, the i fantile maternal nealtn appeal analysis confined to tnree santary sectors hignly contrasted as medical servincing and socioeconomic conditions reveals a differentiation of risk porfiles. The disparities seen are as reliant on the geographical aceessibily and the socioeconomic sectors status as on the education level of the mothers,the availablity of medecines in the urban healtn centers, the commitment and qualification of the medical staff, care organisation and differences of benavour. Through this example, promotion of maternal and intantile nealth depends on multidirectional strategies
Giang, Le Truong. "Evaluation de la politique de lutte contre le sida à Hochiminh ville, 1994-1998". Nancy 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN19920.
Texto completo da fonteLouchez, Aniss. "Analyse économique du rôle des pharmaciens et des pharmacies de ville : entre contraction de l'offre de soins et diversification de l'activité". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILA017.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis examines community pharmacies in France, which are experiencing a decrease in their numbers while diversifying their activities to address the challenges of aging and prevention.Chapter 1 studies the long-term consequences of pharmacy closures on spatial accessibility. The results show that by 2050, the average distance to access a pharmacy is expected to increase moderately. However, the proportion of the population without a pharmacy in their municipality could double, from one-sixth to one-third, thereby increasing dependence on motorized transport, a significant obstacle for elderly people with reduced mobility. The chapter also highlights that the workload of pharmacies could grow by more than 40 %, which, according to the literature, could degrade the quality of medication dispensing and slow down the diversification of pharmacy services, such as vaccination.Chapter 2 analyzes the impact of pharmacy involvement in COVID-19 vaccination. France was the first country to authorize this, but the intervention was compared with other European countries, particularly Italy, where vaccine supply constraints sometimes hindered the coverage of the second dose despite improvements in the first dose.Chapter 3 focuses on the choices of licensed pharmacists regarding the expansion of the list of vaccines administered in pharmacies. A discrete choice experiment shows that they are in favor of this expansion and the involvement of pharmacy technicians in flu vaccination but are hesitant to include them for new vaccines or to rely on a prior medical prescription. Regarding remuneration, the current amount of 9.60 euros per injection is deemed insufficient, with pharmacists valuing this service at 16 euros
Kodys, Martin. "Raisonnement sémantique pour une plateforme d’assistance intelligente orienté bien-être et santé numérique". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALM033.
Texto completo da fonteConnected objects of everyday living have made their way into our lives. Known as Internet of Things, the various technologies inspire a vast variety of applications. One of the pioneer applications is the concept and development of a smart home. This is now spreading outdoors; making vehicles, buildings, and even large cities smart. Moreover, the technology is getting more personal as well – as wearing smart clothes and other self-tracking devices become increasingly common and popular. This is often referred to as the quantified self.One particular case of a smart environment is ambient assisted living, which is designed to enhance elderly people’s day-to-day life. Such a ubiquitous and unobtrusive computer system can also be ported to other domains and age groups. For instance, the tracking of daily activities can also help younger adults to improve their lifestyle. Everyone can be encouraged to maintain a healthy lifestyle, perform sufficient physical activity, and make more informed decisions about their mobility. These are direct factors in preventing health risks, such as metabolic diseases like the type 2 diabetes, and allow a better control over respiratory diseases like the asthma.Driven by these ideas, this thesis explores the possibilities of a web-based platform with a semantic rule-based reasoning. The thesis details the work on technical improvements, enhancements in activity recognition, extensions for data analysis, and a mobility-oriented application.Following a user-centric approach, a real life deployment of the described technologies is necessary. Two use cases are examined. First, I enhanced and built upon a pre-existing system, which consists of sensors and a gateway placed into elderly participants' homes. The second use case is the deployment of a mobile phone application for active mobility assistance. Collecting relevant and timely data, the application then outputs a level of recommendation for every type of mobility. The recommendations are based on each user’s exercise tracking device, which incorporates their goals, their profiles, and other publicly available data sources such as weather and air quality.This thesis describes the outcomes and lessons learnt from these deployments. In addition, this thesis provides an in-depth discussion as well as analytical insights on the results of the deployments
St-Pierre, Amélie. "Immigrer et devenir parent : l'expérience d'intégration sociale vécue par de nouvelles mères immigrantes de la ville de Québec". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29927.
Texto completo da fonteFor the past ten years, Québec City has faced a significant increase in the number of newcomers. Among these people, many young adults settle in the Capitale-Nationale region with the objective of working and starting a family there. We observe that many young immigrant women will have their first child within the first two years of arrival in Quebec. While they are in the process of adapting to the new country, they will also have to deal with a new role, being a mother. This exploratory study looks at how their entry into maternity influences their social integration in a recent post-migration context. It is through a qualitative approach that eight semi-structured interviews were conducted with immigrant women living in the Quebec City area. It appears that for the women we met, the choice to immigrate is above all part of the family trajectory. The results of the study suggest that language barriers, precarious socio-economic status and psychological difficulties are considered by women as the main barriers to their social integration. Despite some challenges, the data indicates that many of them will have experienced the arrival of the child as an opportunity to strengthen their social integration and take root in their new country. For others, this double transition will be experienced more painfully by involving psychological difficulties acting as barriers to integration.
Frioux, Stéphane. "Les réseaux de la modernité : amélioration de l'environnement et diffusion de l'innovation dans la France urbaine (fin XIXe siècle - années 1950)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 2, 2009. https://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://www.cairn.info/batailles-de-l-hygiene--9782130617860.htm.
Texto completo da fonteThe aim of this thesis is to study the exchange of knowledge between cities and the interactions between the forces interested in the transformation of the urban environment, using the case of sanitary engineering as a starting point. This field which was intended to provide pure water to city dwellers, as well as purifying waste, rose at the end of the nineteenth century thanks to numerous phenomena of knowledge and data circulation, among different networks linking municipal engineers and officials, sanitary inspectors, national experts and inventors.A careful study of the decision-making processes, from the documentation phase to the opening ceremonies of new facilities, enables us to perceive the complex path through which modern technology penetrated cities. In France, although the attitude of the State towards hygiene issues evolved, the general frame of the intervention of public authorities remained stable during the first half of the 20th century.The circulation of information and knowledge about sanitary engineering highlights an interesting process of innovation diffusion, which worked inside the French urban network without any strong hierarchical pattern but in a rather horizontal way. A transnational dimension appears in this process which underlines the ability of local governments to implement technological facilities in a context of relatively weak State expertise and intervention