Bibliografias temáticas / Very high energy electrons

Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Very high energy electrons"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 20 de julho de 2024

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Very high energy electrons"

Clements, Nathan, Nolan Esplen, Magdalena Bazalova-Carter, Pierre Korysko, Joseph Bateman, Wilfrid Farabolini, Manjit Dosanjh e Roberto Corsini. "271 Grid Therapy with Very-High Energy Electrons". Radiotherapy and Oncology 186 (setembro de 2023): S115—S116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(23)89363-x.

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Fuchs, T., H. Szymanowski, U. Oelfke, Y. Glinec, C. Rechatin, J. Faure e V. Malka. "Treatment planning for laser-accelerated very-high energy electrons". Physics in Medicine and Biology 54, n.º 11 (8 de maio de 2009): 3315–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/54/11/003.

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Papiez, Lech, Colleen DesRosiers e Vadim Moskvin. "Very High Energy Electrons (50 – 250 MeV) and Radiation Therapy". Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 1, n.º 2 (abril de 2002): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153303460200100202.

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Isravel, Hebzibha, Asaf Pe’er e Damien Bégué. "Proton Synchrotron Origin of the Very-high-energy Emission of GRB 190114C". Astrophysical Journal 955, n.º 1 (1 de setembro de 2023): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acec73.

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Abstract We consider here a proton-synchrotron model to explain the MAGIC observation of GRB 190114C afterglow in the energy band of 0.2–1 TeV, while the X-ray spectra are explained by electron-synchrotron emission. Given the uncertainty of the particle acceleration process, we consider several variations of the model, and show that they all match the data very well. We find that the values of the uncertain model parameters are reasonable: isotropic explosion energy ∼1054.5 erg, ambient density ∼10–100 cm−3, and the fraction of electrons/protons accelerated to a high-energy power law is of a few percent. All these values are directly derived from the observed teraelectronvolt and X-ray fluxes. The model also requires that protons be accelerated to observed energies as high as a few 1020 eV. Further, assuming that the jet break takes place after 106 s gives the beaming-corrected energy of the burst to be ≈1053 erg, which is one to two orders of magnitude higher than usually inferred, because of the small fraction of electrons accelerated. Our modeling is consistent with both late time data at all bands, from optical to X-rays, and with numerical models of particle acceleration. Our results thus demonstrate the relevance of proton-synchrotron emission to the high-energy observations of gamma-ray bursts during their afterglow phase.

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Tibolla, Omar, Sarah Kaufmann e Paula Chadwick. "Pulsar Wind Nebulae and Unidentified Galactic Very High Energy Sources". J 5, n.º 3 (19 de julho de 2022): 318–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/j5030022.

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The riddle of the origin of Cosmic Rays (CR) has been an open question for over a century. Gamma ray observations above 100 MeV reveal the sites of cosmic ray acceleration to energies where they are unaffected by solar modulation; recent evidence supports the existence of hadronic acceleration in Supernova Remnants (SNR), as expected in the standard model of cosmic ray acceleration. Nevertheless, the results raise new questions, and no final answer has been provided thus far. Among the suggested possible alternative accelerators in the Very High Energy (VHE) gamma ray sky, pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe, which together with dark matter are the main candidates to explain the local positron excess as well) are the dominant population among known Galactic sources. However, the most numerous population in absolute terms is represented by unidentified sources (~50% of VHE gamma ray sources). The relationship between PWNe and unidentified sources seems very close; in fact, in a PWN, the lifetime of inverse Compton (IC) emitting electrons not only exceeds the lifetime of its progenitor pulsar, but also exceeds the age of the electrons that emit via synchrotron radiation. Therefore, during its evolution, a PWN can remain bright in IC such that its GeV-TeV gamma ray flux remains high for timescales much larger than the lifetimes of the pulsar and the X-ray PWN. In addition, the shell-type remnant of the supernova explosion in which the pulsar was formed has a much shorter lifetime than the electrons responsible for IC emission. Hence, understanding PWNe and VHE unidentified sources is a crucial piece of the solution to the riddle of the origin of cosmic rays. Both theoretical aspects (with particular emphasis on the ancient pulsar wind nebulae scenario) and their observational proofs are discussed in this paper. Specifically, the scientific cases of HESS J1616-508 and HESS J1813-126 are examined in detail.

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Kifune, T. "Very High Energy Gamma Rays from Plerions: CANGAROO Results". Symposium - International Astronomical Union 188 (1998): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900114597.

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The current status of very high energy gamma ray astronomy (in ~ 1 TeV region) is described by using as example results of CANGAROO (Collaboration of Australia and Nippon for a GAmma Ray Observatory in the Outback). Gamma rays at TeV energies, emitted through inverse Compton effect of electrons or π0 decay from proton interaction, provide direct evidence on “hot” non-thermal processes of the Universe, as well as environmental features, such as the strength of magnetic field in the emission region, for the non-thermal processes.

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Seitz, B. "166 RADIOTHERAPY WITH VERY HIGH ENERGY ELECTRONS GENERATED BY WAKEFIELD ACCELERATORS". Radiotherapy and Oncology 102 (março de 2012): S77—S78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(12)70137-8.

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XU, Wangwen, Zhanghu HU, 章虎胡, Dexuan HUI e Younian WANG. "High energy electron beam generation during interaction of a laser accelerated proton beam with a gas-discharge plasma". Plasma Science and Technology 24, n.º 5 (19 de abril de 2022): 055001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-6272/ac4d1d.

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Abstract The study of the interaction between ion beam and plasma is very important to the areas of inertial fusion energy and high energy density physics. With detailed one-dimensional electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulations, we investigate here the interaction of a laser-accelerated proton beam assuming an ideal monoenergetic beam with a gas-discharge plasma. After the saturation stage of the two-stream instability excited by the proton beam, significant high energy electrons are observed, with maximum energy approaching 2 MeV, and a new two-stream instability occurs between the high energy electrons and background electrons. The trajectories of plasma electrons are studied, showing the process of electron trapping and de-trapping from the wakefield.

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Klingelhöfer, G., e E. Kankeleit. "Conversion electron Mössbauerspectroscopy with very low energy (0 to 15 eV) electrons". Hyperfine Interactions 57, n.º 1-4 (julho de 1990): 1905–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02405740.

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Liu, Qingyu, Qinhe Zhang, Min Zhang e Fazhan Yang. "Study on the Discharge Characteristics of Single-Pulse Discharge in Micro-EDM". Micromachines 11, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11010055.

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To further study the discharge characteristics and machining mechanism of micro-electrical discharge machining (micro-EDM), the variation trends of the discharge energy and discharge crater size with actual discharge duration are discussed based on single-pulse experiments. The polarity effect of micro-EDM was analyzed according to the motion characteristics of electrons and ions in the discharge plasma channel. The results show that the discharge current and voltage of micro-EDM were independent of the discharge width and open-circuit voltage. The energy utilization rate of the short-pulse discharge was relatively high, and the energy utilization rate decreased gradually as the discharge duration increased. Even if the mass of the positive ion was much larger than that of the electron, the kinetic energy of the positive ion was still less than that of the electron when bombarding the surface of the electrode. The acceleration and speed of electrons were very high, and the number of times that electrons bombarded the surface of positive electrode was more than 600 times that of positive ions bombarding the surface of the negative electrode during the same time.

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Mais fontes

Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Very high energy electrons"

Ronga, Maria Grazia. "Study and modelling of very high energy electrons (VHEE) radiation therapy". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPAST036.

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Le développement de méthodes innovantes susceptibles de réduire la sensibilité des tissus sains aux radiations, tout en maintenant l'efficacité du traitement sur la tumeur, est un aspect central de l'amélioration de l'efficacité de la radiothérapie pour le traitement du cancer. Parmi les développements et innovations méthodologiques possibles, la combinaison d'une irradiation à ultra-haut débit de dose (FLASH) et d'électrons de très haute énergie (VHEE) pourrait permettre d'exploiter les avantages radiobiologiques de l'effet FLASH pour le traitement des tumeurs profondes. En particulier, les VHEEs dans la gamme d'énergie de 100 à 250 MeV seraient particulièrement intéressants d'un point de vue balistique et biologique pour l'application des irradiations FLASH en radiothérapie. Cette thèse étudie donc l'utilisation possible des VHEEs en radiothérapie et en particulier leur utilisation à ultra-haut débit de dose, évaluant ainsi la faisabilité de la radiothérapie FLASH-VHEE. Bien que prometteuse, plusieurs aspects de cette technique doivent être étudiés avant qu'elle puisse être employée dans un contexte clinique. Une première partie du travail étudie les paramètres de la machine nécessaires pour répondre aux contraintes des irradiations FLASH. À cette fin, un modèle analytique de calcul de la dose basé sur la théorie de la diffusion multiple de Fermi-Eyges a été développé et testé. Ce modèle analytique a également été utilisé pour concevoir et optimiser un système de double diffusion pour la thérapie VHEE et ainsi obtenir des tailles de champ supérieures à 15x15 cm², et pour évaluer la possible adaptation des méthodes de conformation conventionnelles du faisceau de particules pour la thérapie FLASH-VHEE. La deuxième partie de ce travail porte sur la planification du traitement par VHEE et l'évaluation des plans cliniques. Quatre cas cliniques représentatifs ont été étudiés, pour lesquels des plans de traitement par balayage de mini-faisceau (PBS) et par double diffusion (DS) ont été calculés. L'influence de l'énergie du faisceau sur la qualité du plan a été étudiée et les techniques PBS et DS ont été comparées. Une description temporelle de l'irradiation a également été réalisée ainsi que l'incorporation d'un facteur de modification FLASH lors de l'évaluation du plan et de son effet sur les tissus sains en mode FLASH. Enfin, l'estimation des doses liées aux particules secondaires et les questions de radioprotection ont été abordées. Un calcul de la dose secondaire due aux photons de Bremsstrahlung et aux neutrons provenant des deux systèmes de délivrance de la dose a été développé dans l'eau. La dose dues aux particules secondaires reçues par divers organes a également été évaluée dans le cadre de traitements intracrâniens et afin de démontrer l'avantage des faisceaux VHEE par rapport aux faisceaux de protons en terme de dose neutrons hors champ. En résumé, les modèles analytiques accélérés et paramétrés dans cette étude permettent une estimation de la distribution de la dose produite par un système VHEE avec une bonne précision, ce qui fournit des informations importantes pour la conception éventuelle d'un système VHEE. Les résultats de ce travail pourraient soutenir le développement de la radiothérapie FLASH-VHEE
The development of innovative methods capable of reducing the sensitivity of healthy tissue to radiation, while maintaining the effectiveness of the treatment on the tumour, is a central aspect of improving the effectiveness of radiotherapy in the treatment of cancer. Among possible developments and methodological innovations, the combination of ultra-high dose rate irradiation (FLASH) and very high energy electrons (VHEE) could make it possible to exploit the radiobiological advantages of the FLASH effect for the treatment of deep tumours. In particular, VHEEs in the 100 to 250 MeV energy range would be particularly interesting from a ballistic and biological point of view for the application of FLASH irradiation in radiotherapy. This thesis therefore studies the possible use of VHEEs in radiotherapy, and in particular their use at ultra-high dose rates, thus assessing the feasibility of FLASH-VHEE radiotherapy. Although promising, several aspects of this technique need to be studied before it can be used in a clinical context. The first part of this work studies the machine parameters required to meet the constraints of FLASH irradiation. To this end, an analytical model for calculating the dose based on Fermi-Eyges multiple scattering theory was developed and tested. This analytical model has also been used to design and optimise a double-scattering system for VHEE therapy, in order to obtain field sizes greater than 15x15 cm², and to assess the possible adaptation of conventional particle beam conformation methods for FLASH-VHEE therapy. The second part of this work focuses on VHEE treatment planning and the evaluation of clinical plans. Four representative clinical cases were studied, for which pencil-beam scanning (PBS) and double scattering (DS) treatment plans were calculated. The influence of beam energy on plan quality was studied and the PBS and DS techniques were compared. A temporal description of the irradiation was also carried out, as well as the incorporation of a FLASH modification factor when evaluating the plan and its effect on healthy tissue in FLASH mode. Finally, the estimation of doses from secondary particles and radiation protection issues were addressed. A calculation of the secondary dose due to Bremsstrahlung photons and neutrons from the two dose delivery systems was developed in water. The secondary particle dose received by various organs was also assessed in the context of intracranial treatments and in order to demonstrate the advantage of VHEE beams over proton beams in terms of out-of-field neutron dose. In summary, the fast analytical models parameterised in this study allow the dose distribution produced by a VHEE system to be estimated with good accuracy, providing important information for the potential design of a VHEE system. The results of this work could support the development of FLASH-VHEE radiotherapy

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Mallot, Ann Kathrin. "The energy spectrum of cosmic electrons measured with the MAGIC telescopes". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17698.

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Die hier vorgestellte Analyse nutzt die MAGIC Teleskope, zwei abbildende Cherenkov-Teleskope, zum Vermessen des Elektronenflusses. Der Energiebereich dieser Teleskope überschneidet sich großflächig sowohl mit dem der Satellitenmissionen Fermi-LAT und AMS-02 als auch mit den hochenergetischen Messungen der Cherenkov-Teleskope VERITAS und H.E.S.S.. Diese Arbeit hat das Elektronenspektrum im Bereich von 135 GeV bis 4 TeV mittels der MAGIC Teleskope vermesssen. Das Spektrum lässt sich in diesem Bereich mit einem einfachen Potenzgesetz mit dem Index -3.14+-0.05(stat)+-0.5(syst) beschrieben werden. Die für diese Messung entwickelte Analyse weicht grundlegend von der Standardanalyse in MAGIC ab. Die Differenzierung von Signal und Untergrund kann nicht anhand der Richtung der eintreffenden Teilchen vorgenommen werden. Stattdessen basiert die Differenzierung auf einem Algorithmus für maschinelles Lernen, welcher eine Unterscheidung zwischen elektromagnetischen und hadronischen Luftschauern ermöglicht. Der Untergrund muss für diese Analyse anhand von Monte Carlo Simulationen geschätzt werden. Dafür wurden Protonen simuliert. Zudem liegt ein Schwerpunkt der Arbeit auf der Abschätzung systematischer Fehler und Unsicherheiten der neuen Analyse. Erwartungsgemäß sind die Unsicherheiten dieser indirekten Messmethode deutlich größer als bei direkten Messungen der Satellitenexperimente. Aufgrund der großen Unsicherheiten kann ein Bruch bei 800 GeV jedoch auch nicht ausgeschlossen werden. Die hier präsentierte Messung stimmt innerhalb der Fehler mit den Ergebnissen von AMS-02 und Fermi-LAT sowie innerhalb von zwei Standardabweichungen mit den Messungen von H.E.S.S. und VERITAS überein. Eine Interpretation des Elektronenflusses gestaltet sich aufgrund des großen Fehlers als schwierig. Im Endeffekt kann keine der potentiellen neuen Quellen kosmischer Elektronen ausgeschlossen werden.
The measurement presented in this thesis seeks to provide an increased overlap of the Fermi-LAT and AMS-02 measurement, as well as the very-high-energy H.E.S.S. and VERITAS measurement. The MAGIC telescopes, a stereoscopic system of imaging air-shower Cherenkov telescopes, are a good candidate for such a measurement. They overlap largely with the Fermi-LAT energy range, down to 130 GeV, and extend into the energy range of the H.E.S.S. system, extending the measurement up to 4 TeV. The measurement performed in this thesis uses a non-standard method developed especially for this analysis. It is based on a machine-learning-algorithm which differentiates between hadronic and electro-magnetic air showers. The background needs to be simulated from Monte Carlo protons, which were produced in large quantities for this thesis. As this is an indirect detection method, the systematic uncertainties are much larger than those of the satellite missions. A detailed study of the systematic uncertainties was performed in the scope of this thesis, which prove to be much larger than the statistical uncertainties. The measured spectrum presented here extends from 135 GeV up to 4 TeV. It shows no clear break in the spectrum and is in line with an extension of the single power-law observed by Fermi-LAT and AMS-02. A broken power-law interpretation was disfavored when compared to the single power-law. The final spectrum has a powerlaw index of -3.14+-0.05(stat)+-0.5(syst). Due to the large uncertainties no definitive conclusion can be given at this point. Also, the cutoff seen by H.E.S.S. can not be ruled out. The result presented in this thesis is compatible with the Fermi-LAT and AMS-02 results, however there is minor tension with the H.E.S.S. and VERITAS results around 4 TeV. The limiting factor of the method is the large systematic uncertainty, making it impossible to distinguish between different electron sources for the results presented in this thesis.

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Kashiyama, Kazumi. "Origins of High Energy Cosmic-Ray Electrons and Positrons". 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/157757.

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Carlton, Ashley Kelly. "Characterizing high-energy electrons in space using science imagers". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120413.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2018.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 129-140).
Harsh radiation in the form of ionized, highly energetic particles is part of the space environment and can affect the operation, performance, and lifetime of spacecraft and their instruments. Jupiter has the largest and strongest magnetosphere of all of the planets in the solar system and it is dominated by high-energy electrons. Measuring and characterizing megaelectron volt (MeV) particles is fundamental for understanding the energetic processes powering the magnetosphere, interactions of the particles with surfaces of the Jovian satellites, and the effects of these particles on spacecraft near or in Jovian orbit. Electrons in Jupiter's magnetosphere can interact with spacecraft and lead to component failures, degradation of sensors and solar panels, and physical damage to materials. Dedicated instruments to monitor the radiation environment are not always included on spacecraft due to resource constraints. Measurements of the high-energy (>1 MeV) electron environment at Jupiter are currently spatially and temporally limited, predominantly coming from the Energetic Particle Detector (EPD) on the Galileo spacecraft. In this thesis, we develop ways to use existing hardware on spacecraft to measure the energetic particle environment. Solid-state detectors are commonly used as scientific imagers on spacecraft. In addition to being sensitive to incoming photons, semiconductor devices also are affected by incoming charged particles collected during integration and detector readout. These radiation hits from the space environment are typically considered "noise" at the detector. We develop a technique to extract quantitative high-energy electron environment information (energy and flux) from science imager radiation "noise". We use data from the Galileo spacecraft Solid-State Imaging (SSI) instrument, which is a silicon charge-coupled device (CCD). We post-process raw SSI images to obtain frames with only the radiation contribution. The camera settings are used to compute the energy deposited in each pixel, which corresponds to the intensity of the observed radiation hits. The energy deposited in the SSI pixels by incident particles from processed SSI images are compared with the results from 3D Monte Carlo transport simulations of the SSI using Geant4. Simulating the response of the SSI instrument to mono-energetic electron environments, we find that the SSI is capable of detecting >10 MeV electrons (>90% of <10 MeV particles are stopped with 95% confidence). Using geometric scaling factors computed for the SSI, we calculate the environment particle flux given a number of pixels with radiation hits. We compare the SSI results to measurements from the Galileo EPD, examining the electron fluxes from the >11 MeV integral flux channel. We find agreement with the EPD data within 3-sigma of the EPD data for 43 out of 43 (100%) of the SSI images evaluated. 62% of fluxes are also within 1-sigma of the EPD data. To demonstrate that the general technique is applicable to other imagers, we also analyze the Galileo Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS). We find that NIMS is sensitive to >5 MeV electrons and the calculated fluxes are consistent with the EPD. This approach can be applied to other sets of imaging data (star trackers, etc.) in energetic electron environments, such as those found in geostationary Earth orbit. This thesis also includes a summary of required and recommended information (tests, models, etc.) for the use of science imagers as high-energy electron sensors.
by Ashley Kelly Carlton.
Ph. D.

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Aizatsky, N. I., N. P. Dikiy, A. N. Dovbnya, I. D. Fedorets, V. A. Kushnir, Yu V. Lyashko, D. V. Medvedev et al. "Properties of Zirconia Nanoceramics under High-Energy Electrons Irradiation". Thesis, Sumy State University, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35622.

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Formation of radioactive isotopes is investigated under irradiation by relativistic electrons with energy up to 100 MeV. Radioactive isotopes 87,88Y, 88,89,95Zr, 95Nb, 175Hf are registered after irradiation by relativistic electrons with energy 47.2 MeV. The present data are necessary for the choice of a material for a dielectric wakefield accelerator. The greatest danger at operation of accelerators represents 88Y. Formation of radiation defects in nanoceramics is investigated. The various types of radiation defects are found out at an irradiation by relativistic electrons with energy 47 MeV and 86 MeV. In UV VIS spectra the absorption lines of radiation are registered at 402.2 nm and 635 nm, which correspond to the F and F' centers of monocline lattices of zirconia. It is revealed, that krypton atoms are the centers of segregation of point defects. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35622

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Dickinson, Hugh John. "Very high energy gamma-rays from binary systems". Thesis, Durham University, 2010. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/290/.

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This thesis presents a study of the very high energy (VHE) gamma-ray emission from X-ray binary systems using the H.E.S.S. imaging atmospheric Cherenkov array. The historical background and basic principles of ground-based gamma-ray astronomy are briefly reviewed and an overview of the design and capabilities of the H.E.S.S. telescope system is presented. The broadband observational properties of X-ray binary systems and their relevance in a broader astrophysical context is also discussed. A review of the radiative emission mechanisms which relate to VHE gamma-ray emission in X-ray binaries is presented, with emphasis given to the leptonic emission processes of synchrotron radiation and inverse-Compton scattering. Intrinsic absorption processes which act to attenuate the emitted flux of VHE gamma-rays are also discussed. Three computer models are introduced which simulate aspects of the gamma-ray emission and absorption in X-ray binary systems. A detailed analysis of the VHE gamma-ray emission from the X-ray binary LS 5039 is presented and the relevant procedures for data selection, gamma-hadron separation and background estimation are discussed in some detail. Methods for the determination of detection significance and the calculation of gamma-ray fluxes are also reviewed and results are derived which apply specifically to LS 5039. A detailed temporal analysis of the gamma-ray signal from LS 5039 is presented, applying tests for secular, excess and periodic variability. Strong evidence is found for modulation of the observed gamma-ray flux on the orbital period of ~3.9 days. Following a brief discussion of the procedures required for spectral analysis of VHE gamma-ray data, results are presented for LS 5039 which reveal evidence for spectral variability which is correlated with the observed gamma-ray flux and therefore, the orbital phase of the binary system. The spectral and temporal characteristics of LS 5039 are then compared with the predictions of theoretical models in an attempt to explain the observed behaviour. Contemporaneous X-ray and VHE gamma-ray observations of three galactic microquasars using the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer and H.E.S.S. are presented. Although no gamma-ray detections are reported, the observations permit the derivation of upper limits to the VHE gamma-ray flux which correspond to episodes of known X-ray behaviour. The X-ray characteristics of each target are compared with pre-existing observational data to infer the presence or otherwise of relativistic outflows at the H.E.S.S. observation epochs. The implications of the gamma-ray non-detections are then discussed in the context of these inferred system properties. The results of a survey of the VHE gamma-ray emission associated with the positions of 125 known X-ray binaries are presented. Although no conclusive detections were obtained, tentative indications were found for a population of faint, spectrally hard gamma-ray sources associated with high-mass X-ray binary systems. The inferred characteristics of the indicated population show broad agreement with the measured properties of known gamma-ray-emitting X-ray binary systems like LS 5039.

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Guillaud, Mathilde. "Neutrino oscillations at very high energy/matter density". Thesis, KTH, Fysik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-292510.

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Neutrino oscillations in matter can be studied in different regimes, depending on the energy of the incoming neutrinos and the matter density of the medium. In this thesis we investigate neutrino oscillations in dense matter at very high energy (TeV-PeV range), taking into account the absorption that the neutrinos may undergo in such dense media. This absorption phenomenon is relevant for neutrino telescope measurements of astrophysical neutrinos. We begin with a brief reminder on neutrino oscillations in vacuum and the construction of the PMNS matrix. Then, we proceed with calculations for dense matter. We then explore the accuracy of the resulting effective 2-neutrino mixing formulas. They present a good accuracy for Earth-like densities in our range of energies. We develop the calculations for oscillation probabilities in dense matter with absorption through charged-current inelastic scattering for both the two-neutrino and three-neutrino case. We find that in dense media, astrophysical neutrinos indeed undergoabsorption, which reduces signicantly the fluxes for each flavor, with a resonant absorption of electron-anti-neutrinos around E_{res}\simeq 6.3PeV. We discuss the impact of neutrino absorption in the Earth for neutrino telescopes measurements. We find that solar and lunar shadowing is not problematic for current telescopes but could be a good angular resolution indicator for new telescopes to come.
Neutrinooscillationer i materia kan studeras i olika regimer beroende på inkommande neutrinernas energi och densiteten hos det bakomliggande mediet. I detta examensarbete undersöker vi neutrinooscillationer i gränsen av tät materia och mycket hög energi (TeV-PeV-intervall), och tar hänsyn till den absorption av neutriner som då kan inträffa i sådant materia. Detta absorptionsfenomen är relevant för neutrino-teleskopmätningar av astrofysiska neutriner. Vi börjar med att kort påminna oss om neutrinooscillationer i vakuum och konstruktionen av PMNS-matrisen. Vi försätter sedan med beräkningar av neutrinooscillationer i tät materia. Vi undersöker noggrannheten i resulterande effektiva 2-neutrino-blandningsformlerna. De uppvisar en god noggrannhet i jordlika materieprofiler i vårt intervall av energier. Vi utvecklar beräkningarna av oscillationssannolikheterna i tät materia inklusive absorption genom laddad ström oelastisk spridning i båda två- och tresmaksfallen. Vi finner att astrofysiska neutriner i tät materia absorberas, vilket minskar betydligt flödena för varje smak, med en resonansabsorption av elektron-antineutrino omkring E_res\simeq 6.3PeV. Vi diskuterar sedan effekterna av neutrinoabsorption på jorden för neutrino-teleskopmätningar. Vi finner att sol- och månskuggning är inte problematisk för nuvarande teleskop och kunde vara en bra vinkelupplösningsindikator för kommande teeskop.

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Sritragool, Kunlapaporn. "Modification of Rubber Particle filled Thermoplastic with High Energy Electrons". Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-201000954.

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In present study, high energy electrons were used to modify blends based on RP and PP under two conditions: stationary and in-stationary conditions. Modification of blend under stationary condition is a process which is established in industrial application and where required absorbed dose is applied to form parts (after molding) at room temperature and in solid state. On the contrary, the modification of blend with high energy electrons under in-stationary condition is a new process (electron induced reactive processing) where required absorbed dose is applied to a molten state during melt mixing process. The modification of blend based on RP and PP under stationary condition resulted in slightly enhancement of tensile properties while the modification of this blend under in-stationary condition resulted in deterioration of tensile properties due to degradation of the PP matrix. Thus, special grafting agent (GA) is required for improving the tensile properties. The effect of different GAs on tensile, thermal, dynamic mechanical as well as morphological properties and melt flow properties of blends based on RP and PP were determined. The optimum absorbed dose for modification of blend based on RP and PP under both conditions was evaluated. In addition, the effect of treatment parameters of electron induced reactive processing was investigated.

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Williams, Andrew James. "A water calorimeter for high energy x-rays and electrons". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394541.

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Lemieux, François 1979. "Are inflationary predictions sensitive to very high energy physics?" Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80316.

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It was recently proposed that modifications to physics at trans-Planckian energies could lead to a non-adiabatic evolution of the scalar fluctuations responsible for the temperature anisotropy of the cosmological microwave background. If such a possibility was to be confirmed, it would provide us the first possibility to ever get experimental measurements of the physics near the Planck scale. This work investigates the physicality of such non-adiabatic evolutions, by avoiding the introduction of any exotic physics, by working well below the Planck scale. Simple 'hybrid-like' models of inflation composed of an inflaton field coupled to another heavy scalar will be used. It will be shown that small oscillations in the heavy scalar field can generate a non-adiabatic evolution of the inflationary vacuum leading to new features in the power spectrum that could eventually be observed. The naturalness of this non-adiabaticity is also studied, leading to a constraint about the maximum duration of inflation if these effects are to be big enough to ever be detectable.

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Livros sobre o assunto "Very high energy electrons"

Turver, K. E., ed. Very High Energy Gamma Ray Astronomy. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3831-1.

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Weekes, Trevor C. Very high energy gamma-ray astronomy. Bristol: Institute of Physics Pub., 2003.

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NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Very High Energy Gamma Ray Astronomy (1986 Durham, England). Very high energy gamma ray astronomy. Dordrecht: D. Reidel Pub. Co., 1987.

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A, Ali, e Söding P, eds. High energy electron-positron physics. Singapore: World Scientific, 1988.

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Peng, L. M. High-energy electron diffraction and microscopy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.

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Wolfe, Gregory John. Effects of large doses of high energy electrons on a TB CU 06+ high temperature superconductor. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1989.

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Burkel, Eberhard. Inelastic scattering of x-rays with very high energy resolution. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1991.

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Akerlof, Carl W. Correlative studies of astrophysical sources of very high and ultra high energy gamma-rays. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1993.

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Akerlof, Carl W. Correlative studies of astrophysical sources of very high and ultra high energy gamma-rays. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1993.

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International, Symposium on Very High Energy Cosmic Ray Interactions (9th 1996 Karlsruhe Germany). Very High Energy Cosmic Ray Interactions: Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Very High Energy Cosmic Ray Interactions, Karlsruhe, Germany, 19-23 August 1996. [Netherlands]: North-Holland, 1997.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Very high energy electrons"

Fan, Danlei, Yi Yuan, Jian Wang, Kuanjun Fan e Jian Lei. "A Proposed Beamline Optics for Focused Very High Energy Electron Radiotherapy". In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 382–89. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-0869-7_42.

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Morawiec, Adam. "Diffraction of High Energy Electrons". In Indexing of Crystal Diffraction Patterns, 123–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11077-1_3.

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Drukarev, Evgeny G., e Aleksandr I. Mikhailov. "Annihilation of Positrons with Atomic Electrons". In High-Energy Atomic Physics, 323–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32736-5_11.

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Grieder, Peter K. F. "Electrons and Photons". In Exentsive Air Showers and High Energy Phenomena, 803–34. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76941-5_15.

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Andresen, H. G., K. Aulenbacher, M. Ertel, E. Reichert e K. H. Steffens. "Source of Polarized Electrons for MAMI B". In High Energy Spin Physics, 12–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76661-9_3.

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Gerbi, Bruce J., Youlia M. Kirova e Roberto Orecchia. "Clinical Applications of High-Energy Electrons". In Medical Radiology, 157–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/174_2011_321.

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Moffeit, K. C. "Spin Physics with Polarized Electrons at the SLC". In High Energy Spin Physics, 163–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-86995-2_13.

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Gougar, Hans D. "The Very High Temperature Reactor". In Nuclear Energy Encyclopedia, 289–304. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118043493.ch26.

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Guillemoles, Jean-François. "Solar Cells solar cell : Very High Efficiencies Approaches solar cell very high efficiencies approaches". In Solar Energy, 358–77. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5806-7_467.

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Del Guerra, A., e Walter R. Nelson. "High-Energy Physics Applications of EGS". In Monte Carlo Transport of Electrons and Photons, 599–622. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1059-4_28.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Very high energy electrons"

Kokurewicz, K., G. H. Welsh, E. Brunetti, S. M. Wiggins, M. Boyd, A. Sorensen, A. Chalmers et al. "Laser-plasma generated very high energy electrons (VHEEs) in radiotherapy". In SPIE Optics + Optoelectronics, editado por Kenneth W. D. Ledingham. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2271183.

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Terrier, R. "A study of very high energy gamma-rays and electrons with GLAST". In GAMMA 2001: Gamma-Ray Astrophysics 2001. AIP, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1419448.

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DesRosiers, Colleen, Vadim Moskvin, Minsong Cao, Chandrashekhar J. Joshi e Mark Langer. "Laser-plasma generated very high energy electrons in radiation therapy of the prostate". In Lasers and Applications in Science and Engineering, editado por Joseph Neev, Stefan Nolte, Alexander Heisterkamp e Christopher B. Schaffer. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.761663.

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Nishihara, K., e H. Yasui. "3d Particle Simulation on Interaction of Ultrashort Laser Pulse with Solid Density Hydrogen Plasma". In High-Energy Density Physics with Subpicosecond Laser Pulses. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/hpslp.1989.pdp6.

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The interaction of very short laser pulses with matter has become an important field.1,2)If a pulse duration of a laser light is so short that no significant hydrodynamic expansion of a matter takes place, the electric field of a laser interacts directly with a solid density matter. The mean ion distance, a~ (3/4πni)1/3is of the order of one angstrom at a solid density. The quivering distance of electrons oscillating at a laser frequency, δx=eE 0 / mω 0 2 , exceeds the mean ion distance at a high intensity. In addition to that, the ion coupling coefficient, Γ=eϕ/kt=z2e2/akt, is of the order of one for such high density plasma. Thus the oscillating electrons interact with many ions and electrons at the same time, because ions and electrons are also strongly correlated.

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Labate, Luca, Daniele Palla, Daniele Panetta, M. Avella, Federica Baffigi, Fernando Brandi, Fabio Di Martino et al. "Perspectives for effective applications of laser-driven Very High Energy Electrons in medicine and biology". In Applying Laser-driven Particle Acceleration II, Medical and Nonmedical Uses of Distinctive Energetic Particle and Photon Sources: SPIE Optics + Optoelectronics Industry Event, editado por Paul R. Bolton. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2596504.

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de Naurois, Mathieu. "The Very-High-Energy electron spectrum observed with H.E.S.S." In 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.444.0261.

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Kunz, R. R., T. E. Allen e T. M. Mayer. "Thin Film Growth and Deposition by Low Energy Electron Stimulated Surface Chemistry". In Microphysics of Surfaces, Beams, and Adsorbates. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/msba.1987.tua2.

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Direct materials processing by focused particle beams has received considerable attention in recent years. The electron beam, traditionally used for resist exposure in electron beam lithography applications, is among the candidates for direct materials modification. High energy electrons (>1keV) are not very chemically active due to small cross sections for inelastic scattering processes such as bond dissociation and attachment. Low energy electrons are expected to be much more efficient at stimulating chemical processes. In particular, secondary electrons produced by particle or photon bombardment of surfaces with kinetic energies of approx. 2-10 eV have large cross sections for attachment and dissociative electron attachment to many electronegative molecules. We have begun a general investigation of chemical reactivity and mechanisms of electron-adsorbate interactions leading to film growth and deposition. Prospects for applications to focussed beam, direct write materials processing are being explored.

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Luengo, S., J. Riera, S. Tortella, X. Vilasis-Cardona, D. Gascón, A. Comerma e L. Garrido. "Scintillator Pad Detector: Very Front End Electronics. Design and Pre-Series". In CALORIMETRY IN HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS: XII International Conference. AIP, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2396969.

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Andreev, A. A., V. N. Novikov, K. Yu Platonov e J. C. Gauthier. "Hard X-ray Emission from Femtosecond Laser Interaction in Overdense Plasmas". In Applications of High Field and Short Wavelength Sources. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/hfsw.1997.thb3.

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The recent development of ultra-short pulse lasers has made possible the investigation of laser matter interaction at ultra-high intensities. For sub-picosecond pulses, a hot and overdense plasma is produced very rapidly during the rise of the pulse and further laser interaction occurs with this plasma. One of the results of the interaction is the generation of fast electrons and of intense hard x-ray emission. The x-ray pulse duration is determined by the mean free path of the fast electrons in the target material. It can be very short (< 1 ps) and its intensity sufficient to be registered by the usual methods. With high laser pulse repetition rates, it has been demonstrated [1] that one can obtain an instantaneous signature of fast-x-ray dense-matter interaction processes. The high energy of the x-ray photons (up to ≈ 1MeV) makes it possible to study small size objects and even to excite nuclear levels. Numerous papers [2-7] have been devoted to the study of femtosecond laser pulse interaction with plasmas. In this paper, we calculate the electron energy distribution function in the presence of the laser field, the absorption coefficient, and the parameters of the fast electron flux in the plasma. Our absorption results are in agreement with previously published [3-5] papers. A new feature of our calculations is the determination of the energy and spectrum characteristics of the hard x-ray pulse produced by the interaction of an intense laser with a solid-state target.

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Fisher, T. S., e D. G. Walker. "Direct Refrigeration by Electron Field Emission From Diamond Microtips". In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1443.

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Abstract This paper describes a concept for creating high-capacity, direct electrical-to-thermal energy conversion for compact cooling based on electron field emission. Electron field emission involves the transport of electrons that tunnel through a potential barrier. The thermodynamics of field emission have remained relatively unexplored. However, emission from wide-band-gap semiconductors, such as diamond, is known to produce an energy filtering effects such that high-energy electrons possess higher probabilities of emission. Lower energy electrons replace the emitted electrons, and thus, this process can produce a refrigeration effect. The refrigeration capacity is proportional to the emission current density, which is very high for diamond emitters. This high electrical current density implies that high thermal current densities are possible. The present work provides a thermodynamic analysis and energy conversion predictions based on experimental current-voltage data from diamond tip emitters. Energy fluxes in excess of 100 W/cm2 are predicted by the theory for room-temperature operation.

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Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Very high energy electrons"

Cimino, Roberto. Can Low Energy Electrons Affect High Energy Physics Accelerators? Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), abril de 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/826848.

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Lamb, R. C., e D. A. Lewis. Very high energy gamma ray astrophysics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), fevereiro de 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5076918.

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Lamb, R. C., e D. A. Lewis. Very high energy gamma ray astrophysics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), fevereiro de 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5693223.

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Maximon, Leonard C., e Alfred Lepretre. Angular distribution of high energy electrons following radiation. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.ir.84-2854.

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Laffan, Clair. Trigger Rate of High Energy Electrons in the Mu2e Experiment [Poster]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), junho de 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1579219.

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Teitsma e Shuttleworth. PR-004-03127-R01 Gas Coupled Ultrasonic Pipeline Inspection. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), janeiro de 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010897.

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The gas coupled ultrasonics (GCUS) project aims to develop a method for inspecting gas pipelines using a modification of the standard ultrasonic method that does not require a liquid couplant. Ultrasonic inspection is the highest accuracy inspection method readily available for measuring remaining wall thickness and measures it directly rather than inferring it from measurements of metal loss as occurs with other methods, for example MFL. Traditional ultrasonic methods require a liquid couplant between the transducer and the wall that, although it has been done, requires the unwanted introduction of a liquid in a gas pipeline for gas pipeline inspection. The problem with using gas as a couplant is that, even at high pressure, very little ultrasonic energy is transmitted into the pipe wall, most of it being reflected back to the transducer. The result is a huge signal from the front wall that masks the tiny signals from the back wall unless the transducer is highly damped, causing rapid ring down. Early requirements for a successful transducer were 80 dB ring down in 2 microseconds and electronics that could handle a dynamic range of 120 dB.

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Kaganovich, I. D., R. C. Davidson, M. A. Dorf, E. A. Startsev, A. B. Sefkow, E. P. Lee e A. Friedman. Physics of Neutralization of Intense High-Energy Ion Beam Pulses by Electrons. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), abril de 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/981704.

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Gurevich, Aleksander V. Nonlinear Structuring and High-energy Electrons: Role in Ionosphere and in Thunderstorm Atmosphere Processes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, maio de 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada535278.

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Rich, J. W., Walter R. Lempert e Igor V. Adamovich. Energy Transfer Processes Among Electrons and Vibrationally Excited Air Species in High Enthalpy Flows. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, fevereiro de 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada478735.

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Horton-Smith, G. A. A study of high field quantum electrodynamics in the collision of high energy electrons with a terawatt laser. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), julho de 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/663331.

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