Bibliografias temáticas / Venison

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Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Venison"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021

Última modificação: 21 de fevereiro de 2023

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Venison"

Reiche, Louise. "Venison contact dermatitis". Australasian Journal of Dermatology 43, n.º 1 (fevereiro de 2002): 72–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-0960.2002.00565.x.

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Green, Leah Naomi. "Once home, and: Venison". Ecotone 10, n.º 1 (2014): 143–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ect.2014.0038.

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Smith-Palmer, A., G. Hawkins, L. Browning, L. Allison, M. Hanson, R. Bruce, J. McElhiney e J. Horne. "Outbreak ofEscherichia coliO157 Phage Type 32 linked to the consumption of venison products". Epidemiology and Infection 146, n.º 15 (6 de julho de 2018): 1922–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268818001784.

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AbstractIn September 2015, an outbreak ofEscherichia coliPhage Type 32 with an indistinguishable multi locus variable number tandem repeat analysis profile was identified in Scotland. Twelve cases were identified; nine primary cases, two secondary and one asymptomatic case. Extensive food history investigations identified venison products containing wild venison produced by a single food business operator as the most likely source of the outbreak. Of the nine primary cases, eight had consumed venison products, and one case had not eaten venison themselves but had handled and cooked raw venison in the household. This was the first reported outbreak of Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli(STEC) linked to venison products in the UK, and was also notable due to the implicated products being commercially produced and widely distributed. In contrast, previous venison outbreaks reported from other countries have tended to be smaller and related to individually prepared carcases. The outbreak has highlighted some important knowledge gaps in relation to STEC in venison that are currently been investigated via a number of research studies.

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Moyes, M. "Venison into the 21st Century". NZGA: Research and Practice Series 9 (1 de janeiro de 2003): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.9.2002.3419.

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The marketing of venison in the 21st century is a huge topic with many and varied challenges for the industry as a whole. Firstly this paper will consider some of the consumer trends that are developing that will affect venison marketing in the future, namely, health, convenience and more restaurant dining. Secondly it will look at tomorrow's chef - what will their role will be in the future? and what are the implications for venison? How will tomorrow's markets look, how and where will venison be sold? Finally this paper considers some of the issues we need to be conscious of if we are to maintain our privileged position as a premium product.

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Saxe, Henrik. "Is Danish Venison Production Environmentally Sustainable?" Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2, n.º 7 (31 de julho de 2021): 555–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.37871/jbres1276.

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The objective of this study is to quantify the climate- and environmental impact of venison production from six wild life species in Denmark: Red deer, roe deer, fallow deer, wild boar, mallard and pheasant, and compare it with the environmental impact of commercially produced beef, pork and chicken in Denmark. The method for quantifying the impact of venison applied original LCI data obtained for the complete life cycle of Danish venison production of all six species, supplemented with data from Ecoinvent® and LCAFOOD on materials and processes involved in production of venison and industrial meat. Fodder, foraging on farmers’ fields, infrastructure, hunter/hunting and abattoir processes were analyzed separately using Simapro software applying the Stepwise® method. The results indicate that Danish venison production ranges from being slightly less, over being equally, to most often being far more environmentally harmful than the production of comparable industrial meat types. The main environmental impact originated from feed and foraging on farmer’s fields and mileage driven by the hunters was surprisingly high. Danish industrial meat from domestic animals is typically more environmentally friendly than Danish venison.

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Thomas. "Sonnet with Venison and Frigg". Antioch Review 77, n.º 1 (2019): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7723/antiochreview.77.1.0086.

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Barry, T. N., e P. R. Wilson. "Venison production from farmed deer". Journal of Agricultural Science 123, n.º 2 (outubro de 1994): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600068416.

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Deer farming commenced in New Zealand (NZ) in 1969, and since then the number of farmed deer has progressively increased, to reach 1·3 million in 1993 (Game Industry Board (GIB), personal communication). These comprise 85% European red deer (Cervus elaphus), with the remainder being composed of elk (Cervus elaphus canadensis), elk/red deer crossbreds, fallow deer (Dama dama) and small numbers of other species. Initially, deer were obtained from the capture of feral animals, introduced to NZ over 100 years ago, but in the last 10 years the increase has come from breeding on deer farms. The industry has a strategic marketing plan to coordinate all sectors in order to maintain profitability. This plan has been implemented and financed by the GIB, through the collection of compulsory levies on venison and velvet sales. With the formation of the GIB in 1984, the NZ Deer industry has been strongly export market-led, and thus differs from the NZ sheep and cattle industries, which developed with a production driven philosophy. Key aspects of the market-led approach have been to produce and market venison which is consistently tender and of low fat content, and at the carcass weight range and times required by the markets.

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Kim, Jong-Uk, Nan-Hee Lee e Ung-Kyu Choi. "Physicochemical characteristics of frankfurter sausage made with venison". Korean Journal of Food Preservation 29, n.º 7 (dezembro de 2022): 1120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2022.29.7.1120.

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To revitalize the meat processing industry, the physicochemical properties of frankfurter sausage prepared using venison were confirmed in this study. The pH values of all sausages were within the range of 5.6-6.1. The yield after heat treatment showed a significant increase pattern in proportion with the deer meat added. The L and b values were significantly decreased with the addition of venison. The ΔE value showed a pattern similar to that of the L value. The a value was increased with the addition of venison. Hardness, adhesiveness, and chewiness tended to increase depending on the amount of venison added, whereas elasticity decreased. The total amino acid content increased depending on the venison content. The content of essential amino acids compared to total amino acids was 40% in all test groups. The content of glutamic acid was the highest in all test groups, followed by that of aspartic acid, lysine, and leucine. Among the amino acid compounds, sweet, savory, bitter and other ingredients all showed the highest in FSV (frankfurter sausage made with venison), followed by FSM (frankfurter sausage made with mixed meat) and FSP (frankfurter sausage made with pork meat).

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Hogg, B. W., L. M. Catcheside e G. J. K. Mercer. "Carcass composition in male fallow deer: age and castration effects on dissected tissue distribution". Animal Science 51, n.º 2 (outubro de 1990): 405–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100005559.

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ABSTRACTTwenty-eight male fallow deer (Dama dama), 14 entire and 14 castrated (seven each 1- and 2-year-old) were slaughtered and their carcasses jointed. Each joint was separated into venison, trim A (low visible fat, diced pieces), trim B (pieces suitable only for mincing), waste and bone. Castration had a significant and cumulative effect on live and carcass weights. At 1 year of age castrated males were 80 g/kg lighter in live weight; at 2 years this difference had increased to 119 g/kg. The pattern for differences in hot and cold carcass weights was similar, being 66 and 148 g/kg lighter at 1 and 2 years old, respectively.Castration caused small but significant shifts in the proportions of the primal joints, and the proportions of venison, trim A and trim B. Castrated males had smaller neck (9 g/kg) and saddle (10 g/kg) joints, but 18 g/kg larger legs. In the whole carcass they contained 12 g/kg more venison, but correspondingly less trim A and trim B.Older animals had higher proportions of venison and lower proportions of bone. Venison distribution altered with age, but this was mainly a reflexion of changes in joint proportions.The overall effect of castration was to reduce carcass weights (on which producers are paid) and reduce venison production proportionately to 0-97 and 0-88 of that achieved in 1- and 2-year-old entire males respectively. In some market situations castration may be an acceptable method of producing venison outside of the normal peak production, but the reduced production would require higher schedule prices to be economically viable for the producer.

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Strmisková, G., e F. Strmiska. "Contents of mineral substances in venison". Food / Nahrung 36, n.º 3 (1992): 307–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/food.19920360316.

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Mais fontes

Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Venison"

Bull, Gregory Simon. "Marketing fresh venison in the Eastern Cape Province using a niche marketing strategy". Thesis, Port Elizabeth Technikon, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/136.

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There is a need in the Eastern Cape Province to expand the market for fresh venison. This need is due in part to fluctuations in the export market and fragmentation of consumption in the food industry, which has led to an increased demand for specialised and customised products. A suitable method for addressing these issues and successfully marketing fresh venison in the Eastern Cape Province was required, and based on the findings of this study, niche marketing was found to be a possible marketing method to explore. This study evaluated how a strategy of niche marketing could be used to market fresh venison within the Eastern Cape Province. By analysing this main problem the research attempted to identify and understand the challenges of marketing fresh venison to the final consumer in the Eastern Cape Province and to determine whether niche marketing would be a viable option when taking into account venison’s unique characteristics. Niche marketing was characterised and discussed in the light of other marketing approaches and the most important elements of a successful niche marketing strategy were highlighted. The information resulting from scrutiny of all of these sub-problems was then used to address the challenge of marketing fresh venison to the final consumer. In-depth interviews were deemed most suitable for this study based on the nature of the topic and the depth of expertise of qualified personnel in the Eastern Cape Province fresh venison industry. Consequently, four interviews were conducted with experts in the field. Using the niche marketing concept and the strategy that drives it, namely differentiation, possible niche markets were identified. A strategy of multiple niching was adopted to address the differentiation opportunities available, based on the relevant specialist roles of fresh venison. These differentiation opportunities in turn lead to competitive advantage. Possible niche target markets identified and analysed included the tourist market, travellers (foreign and local) by air and sea, the organic aware market and the pet food market. Branding was found to be an integral element for the niche marketing of venison and is also discussed. The main problems hindering fresh venison marketing in the Eastern Cape Province were found to be consumers’ lack of knowledge of venison, cultural differences and consumer preferences, lack of a formal infrastructure and control, and a lack of accurate data. These challenges need to be addressed before fresh venison can be successfully marketed in the Eastern Cape Province. Research needs to be conducted on the venison industry and formal supply chains and control channels need to be implemented before a quality product in substantial and consistent quantities can be successfully marketed to the final consumer. Consumers and industry personnel must be educated about venison and its merits, and fresh venison must initially target white tablecloth restaurants and specialised delicatessens, where service is as important as the product itself.

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Magwedere, Kudakwashe. "Veterinary public health aspects related with food-producing wildlife species in the domestic animal, human and environment interface". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80034.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The wildlife industry in Namibia continues to grow as the production and consumption of game meat increases. However, the health risks posed by the trade in wildlife and related by-products to livestock and humans have not been fully assessed. The main objective of this study was to investigate the potential health risks related to the increased consumption of game meat and relevant by-products by assessing the quality of game meat, as well as determine the role of game meat species in the transmission of zoonoses. The microbiological quality and safety of export game meat was assessed. No differences in the aerobic plate count (APC) were observed between the years (2009 and 2010), but the mean Enterobacteriaceae count was 1.33±0.69log10 cfu/cm2 compared to 2.93±1.50log10 cfu/cm2 between the years. Insignificant heterotrophic plate count (HPC) levels were detected in 9/23 field water samples, while faecal bacteria (coliforms, Clostridium perfringens and enterococci) were not isolated in all samples. Seven serogroups, with the exception of O26, were detected in exotic species. A white tailed deer sample had a serotype belonging to O45 which confirmed positive for stx1 gene. In springbok, 5/15 pools of faecal samples tested positive for the intimin gene. No Salmonella spp were isolated, and all E. coli isolates from the meat samples were negative for STEC virulence genes (i.e. stx1, stx2, eae and hlyA). A linear regression analysis was conducted on selected variables to identify the main predictors and their interactions affecting pH of meat 4 hours post-slaughter. In an increasing order of magnitude during winter time, the pH reached at 16-36hr post slaughter in springbok heart, liver, spleen, kidney and lungs was significantly higher than pH 6.0, while no significant differences were observed from the regulatory reference (pH 6.0) in the heart. There was a positive association between the pH of game meat 4hr post-slaughter, and liver congestion. The pH of game meat 4hr post slaughter, increased by 0.11 units per mL increase in liver congestion, and decreased by 0.04 units per minute increase in the shooting to bleeding interval, irrespective of the species. Worm eggs of strongylids, Strongyloides papillosus, Toxocara spp, Trichuris spp and coccidia were found in variable numbers in both springbok and gemsbok faeces, indicating a potential risk of transmission to other species in the ecosystem. On examination of carcasses, a novel parasite, Skjabinodera kuelzii, was identified and noted to be associated with inguinal fascia and renal fat, but the public health significance remains unclear. Nevertheless, S. kuelzii should be considered as of potential significance during routine game meat inspection. A total of 12 310 springbok were harvested from 26 commercial farms over a period of two years. Tissue samples (i.e. 60 livers, 41 kidneys and 52 hindquarter muscles) were collected from randomly selected healthy animals. The mean values (i.e. above the detection limit) of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) were 0.10±0.05mg/kg and 1.04±0.21mg/kg in the liver, respectively; and 0.33±0.22mg/kg and 0.905±0.51mg/kg in the kidney of springbok, respectively. The levels of cadmium and lead in the hindquarter muscles were below the detection limit. Serum samples (n=1692) collected from sheep, goats and cattle from four presumably at-risk farms, and 900 springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis) serum samples collected from 29 mixed farming units, were screened for Brucella antibodies by using the Rose-Bengal test (RBT). Positive cases were confirmed by complement fixation test (CFT). To assess the prevalence of human brucellosis, 137 abattoir employees were tested for Brucella antibodies using the standard tube agglutination test (STAT), and the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cattle and sheep from all four farms were negative by RBT and CFT, but two of the four farms carried 26/42 and 12/285 seropositive goats, respectively. Post mortem examination of seropositive goats revealed no gross pathological lesions. Culture for brucellae from organs of seropositive animals was negative. None of the wildlife sera tested positive by either RBT or CFT. Occurrence of confirmed brucellosis in humans was linked to the consumption of unpasteurized goat milk, home-made goat cheese and coffee with raw milk and prior contact with goats. All abattoir employees (n=137) tested negative by STAT, but 3 were positive by ELISA. The three abattoir workers were clinically normal, and lacked historical connections with clinical cases. This study illustrates the importance of microbiological, parasitic and residue monitoring as critical components of a hazard analysis and critical control point based system for game meat. The study also provides the basis for increased integrated health research, surveillance and meat safety risk analysis.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Namibiese wildbedryf raak toenemend groter soos die produksie en verbruik van wildsvleis toeneem. Die verwante gesondheidsrisiko’s wat die gebruik van wildsvleis en verwante produkte vir mens en dier inhou, is nog nie volledig geassesseer nie. Die doelwit van die studie was om ondersoek in te stel na die potensiële gesondheidsrisiko's wat wildsvleis en verwante neweprodukte vir mens en dier inhou deur middel van die assessering van vleisgehalte en die bepaling van die rol van die wildsvleis spesies in die oordrag van soönoses. Die mikrobiologiese gehalte en veiligheid van uitvoer wildsvleis was geassesseer. Geen verskille in die aerobiese plaat telling (APC) vir monsters versamel tydens 2009 en 2010 is aangeteken nie. Die gemiddelde Enterobacteriaceae telling was 1.33± 0.69log10 cfu/cm2 in vergelyking met 2.93±1.50log10 cfu/cm2 tussen die jare. Onbeduidende heterotrofe plaattelling (HPC) vlakke is waargeneem in 9/23 water monsters, terwyl fekale bakterieë (d.i. kolivorme, Clostridium perfringens en enterokokke) nie in enige van die monsters geïsoleerd is nie. Sewe serogroepe, met die uitsondering van O26, is aangeteken vir die eksotiese spesies. Monsters verky van ŉ white tailed deer is as positief vir 'n serotipe van O45 getoets, en die teenwoordigheid van die stx1 geen is bevestig. In springbok het 5/15 poele van fekale monsters positief getoets vir die intimien geen. Geen Salmonella spp is geïsoleer nie en alle E. coli geïsoleer in die vleismonsters was negatief vir die Stec virulensie geen (d.i. stx1, stx2, EAE en hlyA). ŉ Liniêre regressie-analise is op geselekteerde veranderlikes wat as die belangrikste indikators kan dien, en enige moontlike interaksie wat die pH van wildsvleis 4 uur na-slag kan beïnvloed, uitgevoer. In 'n toenemende orde van grootte gedurende die winter tyd, die pH teen 16-36hr na slagting in springbok hart, lewer, milt, niere en longe was aansienlik hoër as die pH 6.0, terwyl geen beduidende verskille waargeneem is wanneer dit met die regulasie verwysingswaarde van die hart (pH 6.0) vergelyk is nie. Daar was 'n positiewe assosiasie tussen die pH van wildsvleis 4 uur na-slag en mate van aansameling in die lewer. Die pH van wildsvleis 4 uur na-slag, het toegeneem met 0.11 eenhede per mL toename in lewer aansameling en afgeneem met 0.04 eenhede per minuut toename in die skiet tot uitbloei interval, ongeag die spesie. Wurmeiers van rondewurms, Strongyloides papillosus, Toxocara spp, Trichuris spp en koksidia het in verskillende ladings in die mis van beide springbok en gemsbok ontlasting, voorgekom. Dit dui op 'n potensiële risiko van oordrag na ander spesies in die ekosisteem. Die voorkoms van ŉ nuwe parasiet, Skjabinodera kuelzii, in wildskarkasse is aangeteken en was geassosieer met inguinale fascia en renale vet, maar die openbare gesondheidsrisiko bly onduidelik. Daar word aanbeveel dat dié parasiet as ŉ potensiële risiko faktor tydens roetine vleisinspeksies beskou moet word. ŉ Totaal van 12 310 springbokke is oor 'n tydperk van twee jaar van 26 kommersiële plase geoes. Weefselmonsters (d.i. 60 lewers, 41 niere en 52 agterkwart spiere) is ewekansig versamel van gesonde diere. Die gemiddelde waardes (d.i. hoër as die opsporingslimiet) van kadmium (Cd) en lood (Pb) was 0.10 ± 0.05mg/kg en 1.04 ± 0.21mg/kg in die lewer onderskeidelik en 0.33 ± 0.22mg/kg en 0.905 ± 0.51mg/kg in die niere van springbok, onderskeidelik. Die vlakke van kadmium en lood in die agterkwart spiere was laer as die opsporingslimiet. Serum monsters (n=1692) is van skape, bokke en beeste van vier vermoedelik hoë risiko plase en springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis, n=900) van 29 gemengde boerdery sisteme versamel en getoets vir die teenwoordigheid van Brucella teenliggaampies deur middel van die Rose-Bengal-toets (RBT). Positiewe gevalle is bevestig deur die komplement binding toets (CFT). Die voorkoms van menslike brusellose is bepaal deur 137 abattoir werknemers te toets vir Brucella teenliggaampies deur gebruik te maak van die standaard buis agglutinasie toets (STAT) en die ensiembinding immunosorberende toets (ELISA). Beeste en skape van die vier hoë risiko plase het negatief getoets met die RBT en CFT metodes, maar bokke van twee van die vier plase het seropositief getoets (26/42 en 12/285 onderskeidelik). Nadoodse ondersoek van seropositief bokke het geen patologiese letsels aangedui nie. Die kultuur van orgaanmonsters van seropositief diere vir Brucellae was negatief. Die monsters versamel van wild het negatief getoets deur middel van die RBT en CFT toets metodes. Die voorkoms van brusellose in mense in die studie was geassosieer met die gebruik van ongepasteuriseerde melk, tuisgemaakte bokmelkkaas en koffie met ongepasteuriseerde melk, asook direkte kontak met bokke. Alle abattoir werknemers (n=137) het negatief getoets met die STAT metode, maar drie werknemers het positief getoets met die ELISA metode. Die drie abattoir werkers was klinies normaal en het nie vorige kontak met bevestigde kliniese gevalle gehad nie. Hierdie studie bevestig die belang van mikrobiologiese, parasitiese en residu monitering as kritieke komponente van 'n gevaar-analise en kritiese kontrolepunt gebaseerde stelsel vir die produksie en verbruik van wildsvleis. Die studie verskaf ŉ basis vir toekomstige navorsing gefokus op ŉ geïntegreerde benadering van mens- en diergesondheid, monitering en vleis veiligheid risiko-analises.

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Falepau, David F., of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University e Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture. "Factors associated with the occurrence of Ecchymosis (Blood splash) in fallow deer (Dama dama)". THESIS_FEMA_ARD_Falepau_D.xml, 1999. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/181.

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This thesis describes experimental work conducted to define factors associated with the occurrence of ecchymosis (blood splash) in fallow deer, and discusses facets of the Australian venison processing sector with respect to its capacity to improve the quality of venison. Data was collected on 1804 deer slaughtered experimentally (n equals 494) or at commercial works (n equals 1310) in a range of different slaughter systems. The study showed that a number of factors contribute to the expression of ecchymosis in the carcases of slaughtered deer, and the tailoring of slaughter procedures to suit particular slaughter systems is likely to reduce the extent to which ecchymosis occurs.
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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Smit, Karen. "Meat quality characteristics of blesbok (Damaliscus dorcas phillipsi) and red hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus caama) meat". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50013.

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Van, Schalkwyk Sunet. "Meat quality characteristics of three South African game species : black wildebeest (Connochaetes gnou), blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) and mountain reedbuck (Redunca fulvorufula)". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50014.

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Van, Niekerk Pieter du Preez. "Product development as part of a positioning strategy for the hunting industry in the Eastern Cape". Thesis, Port Elizabeth Technikon, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/111.

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In this study on product development and positioning in the hunting industry in the Eastern Cape, two conceptual frameworks were developed, based on a literature study. These positioning and product development concepts were tested against primary and secondary information gathered about the hunting industry. The game and hunting industries were in a strong growth phase at the time of this study. These industries are playing an increasingly important role in the economy of the Eastern Cape, and more and more agricultural land is utilised for game ranching. From the perspective of obtaining a competitive advantage in an increasingly competitive environment, it is therefore important for hunting providers to develop suitable products, and to position these products correctly. It is also important to investigate the characteristics of the game and hunting industries in the Eastern Cape and to get information about the characteristics of the market in which product development and positioning take place. Hunting is the most important form of game utilisation in the Eastern Cape, followed by cropping of game and live game sales. At the time of this study, the total value of the game utilised annually in the Eastern Cape was in excess of R168 million. Game utilisation seemed to be taking place on a sustainable basis, as the number of animals utilised annually was less than the annual production. Kudu and springbok provide the biggest total income, and, together with mountain reedbuck, are the most abundant species in the Eastern Cape. The main game-producing areas in the Eastern Cape coincide with the areas where extensive beef, sheep and goat farming are practised. The hunting products on offer from hunting providers, differ in certain ways. Aspects like price, type of hunting provided, game species available for hunting, terrain where hunting takes place, and various other aspects in connection with the hunt, differ from hunting provider to hunting provider. Characteristics of the hunting experience that hunters desire may be divided into core and variable elements. The core elements include: · the conditions pertaining to the hunt being spelt out clearly; · the maintenance of safety standards; · reasonable day fees; · the presence of game in sufficient numbers; and · other aspects generally desired by hunters. In the study it was found that the needs of hunters also differ regarding certain aspects of the hunting experience. These variable elements include price levels, type and availability of accommodation, and the role of the hunting provider. The core aspects that hunters desire are as a rule part of the product offering. From a product development perspective, the variable elements provide an opportunity to customise products to hunter needs. The inclusion or exclusion of variable elements from the product offering give rise to certain unique product features, and therefore provide the opportunity for product differentiation. After development, products are positioned firstly by selecting a market segment to focus on. Secondly, the needs of hunters in the target segment should be clearly identified, followed by the development of suitable products based on hunter needs, and taking into account the features of competitive offerings. Decisions should also be taken about the features to be included in the product offering to achieve product differentiation. After development of a suitable product, an image or brand should be chosen for the product, and this image should be effectively communicated to the market. A number of possible positioning options were identified for hunting providers. It was found that factors like the physical features of the ranch, available infrastructure, the market segment chosen, desires of the hunting providers, and the perception of the needs of hunters, eventually influence decisions about product development and positioning. The final decisions on positioning should take the core competencies of the hunting provider into account and should ensure that the hunting provider has the ability to fill the chosen position in the market.

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Crafford, Karlien. "An exploratory study in the Western Cape on game meat as a consumer product". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52670.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of this research was to study the current purchasing and marketing behaviour of game meat by supermarkets, butcheries and restaurants in the Western Cape Province, and to investigate perceptions on, purchasing and consumption of game meat by South African consumers and overseas tourists visiting South Africa. Research was done by the survey method with the aid of structured, self-administered questionnaires. Chi-squared frequencies were used to test for significant influences of data. The research showed that South African consumers are poorly educated regarding the nutritional benefits and cooking methods of game meat. Consumers indicated that they would buy game meat if they were better informed on its qualities. Just over 73% of the respondents indicated that they have eaten game meat, whilst 66% of the respondents indicated that they would eat game meat again. South African consumers, however, indicated that they are not willing to pay more for game meat than other meat types. Race and educational level were the only two socio-demographical variables that showed significant differences. White respondents and respondents that were in the "post-High school diploma/degree" educational group, were better informed on game meat and were also more likely to buy game meat than either the black or coloured racial groups. The respondents indicated the leanness of meat as one of the most important quality considerations when they buy meat. This provides an opportunity for game meat marketers to market game meat as a low-fat meat product. This research succeeded in identifying target markets for game meat. Restaurants should market game meat for European tourists, whilst supermarkets and butcheries should focus on marketing game meat to white consumers and consumers with higher educational qualifications, but also target coloured and black consumers. This research confirmed that the South African game meat industry is plagued by numerous misconceptions and contradictions. It is evident that both consumers and marketers of game meat have contradictory beliefs regarding the seasonal availability of game meat. Consumers as well as some of the supermarket, butchery and restaurant meat buyers, are ill-informed regarding the sensory qualities, health benefits and preparation and cooking methods of game meat. Ironically, the research showed that tourists visiting South Africa were the respondent group that were the most knowledgeable regarding the sensory qualities and health benefits of game meat. This research provides a valuable pilot-study into the marketing possibilities of game meat.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie navorsing was om die huidige aankoop en bemarkingsgedrag vir wildsvleis deur supermarkte, slaghuise en restaurante in die Wes-Kaap gebied, en persepsies oor en aankoop van wild deur Suid-Afrikaanse verbruikers en oorsese toeriste wat Suid-Afrika besoek, te ondersoek. Gestruktureerde vraelyste is ontwerp om die navorsing volgens die opname metode uit te voer. Chi-kwadraat frekwensies is gebruik om beduidende invloede te meet. Die navorsing het gewys dat Suid-Afrikaanse verbruikers oningelig is aangaande die gesondheidsvoordele en gaarmaakmetodes van wildsvleis. Verbruikers het aangedui dat hulle wildsvleis meer gereeld sou koop indien hulle beter ingelig word oor wildsvleis se kwaliteite. Die navorsing het bewys dat toeriste wat Suid-Afrika besoek, beter ingelig is oor die sensoriese kwaliteite en gesondheidsvoordele van wildsvleis as Suid-Afrikaners. Net meer as 73% van die Suid-Afrikaanse respondente het aangedui dat hulle al voorheen wildsvleis geëet het, terwyl 66% aangedui het dat hulle weer wildsvleis sal eet. Suid-Afrikaanse verbruikers het egter genoem dat hulle nie bereid is om meer vir wildsvleis te betaal as vir ander vleis nie. Ras en opvoedkundige vlak is die enigste sosio-demografiese veranderlikes wat 'n beduidende invloed gehad het. Blanke respondente en respondente in die "post-hoërskool diploma/graad" opvoedkundige vlak, was beter ingelig oor wildsvleis en ook meer geneig om wildsvleis te koop. Die vetinhoud van vleis was vir meeste respondente 'n belangrike maatstaf by die keuse en aankoop van vleis. Aangesien wildsvleis 'n lae-vet produk is, is daar dus geleentheid vir vleisbemarkers om wildsvleis as 'n lae-vet produk te bemark. Hierdie navorsing het daarin geslaag om teikenmarkte vir wildsvleis te identifiseer. Restaurante moet fokus op oorsese toeriste wat Suid-Afrika besoek, terwyl supermarkte en slaghuise bemarking moet rig op verbruikers met 'n hoër opvoedkundige vlak en blanke verbruikers. Hierdie navorsing het bevestig dat die Suid-Afrikaanse wildbedryf geknel word deur verskeie wanpersepsies en teenstellings. Dit is duidelik dat sowel verbruikers as bemarkers van wildsvleis, teenstellende persepsies het aangaande seisoenale beskikbaarheid van wildsvleis. Hierdie navorsing verskaf 'n waardevolle voorloperstudie vir verdere navorsing oor die bemarkingsmoontlikhede van wildsvleis.

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Loechel, André. "Le mythe de Venise : texte et image à Venise aux XVe et XVIèmes siècles". Grenoble 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE29062.

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L'objectif majeur de la these a ete l'analyse des mecanismes figuratifs de la mise en image de venise, ainsi que de l'horizon culturel qui a produit une telle elaboration mythique. Trois grands themes permettent une approche globale du mythe venitien. Le premier niveau pris en compte est celui de l'imagerie religieuse, avec notamment toute la rhetorique de la virginite de la ville : le dogme de l'immaculee conception en constitue une base majeure, de meme que l'image de la sedes apentiae, amenant ainsi certaines representations a montrer venise participant aux mecanismes theologiques du salut. La metaphore venise jerusalem va tout a fait dans le meme sens; les ecrits d'observateurs et de voyageurs etrangers constituent evidemment ici, une source majeure. Un second niveau d'analyses est fourni par l'imagerie politique : la representation de la justicia est l'un des grands modeles de l'auto-representation de venise, de meme que le parallele majeur avec constantinople. Le temps et ses categories semantiques fournissent un troisieme horizon : rien n'est veritablement comprehensible sans la prise en compte de la conception "circulaire" du temps venitien. Le parallele avec rome s'impose a cet egard, de meme que l'utilisation du vocabulaire antique : l'image de venus, elle aussi nee de la mer en est l'une des composantes les plus pertinentes tant au travers de sa banalite que de son paradoxe
The major objective of this dissertation has been the analysis of the figurative mechanisms of the pictural representations of venice, as well as the cultural background which produced such a mythical elaboration. The global approach of the venetian myth is carried through three fundamental themes. The primary level taken into consideration is that of religious imagery, including more specifically the whole rhetoric of the city's virginity : the dogma of the immaculate conception makes up one of its major foundations, as well as the image of the sedes sapientiae inspiring some pictures representating venice directly partaking of the theological mechanisms of salvation. The venice jerusalem metaphor belongs to a similar context, one of the chief sources being of course the writings of foreign observers and travellers. The political imagery constitutes the second tier of our analysis : the representation of justicia is one of the great models of venice self-representation, along with the major parallel with constantinople. Time and its semantic variations are the third aspect of our dissertation : nothing can be properly understood without stressing the venitian notion of "circular" time. A comparison with rome is in this respect of paramount importance, along with the use of vocabulary of ancient rome : image of sea-born venus is one of its

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Hochmann, Michel. "Peintres et commanditaires a venise (1541-1628)". Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040324.

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Nous cherchons a reconstituer, au travers de ce travail, le cadre dans lequel les peintres venitiens du seizieme siecle etaient amenes a travailler. Nous precisons tout d'abord quelle etait la position sociale de l'artiste, et etudions le fonctionnement des ateliers et de la corporation, la scuola dei dipintori; nous essayons d'etablir comment etait fixe le prix des tableaux et nous comparons les divers contrats entre peintres et commanditaires qui nous sont parvenus. Nous analysons ensuite les relations que les peintres entretenaient avec les polygraphes et les lettres pour mieux cerner les rapports que les peintres avaient avec la culture humaniste. Nous analysons aussi les divers traites de theorie de l'art de notre periode, ainsi que le role que jouent les polygraphes dans la propagande de l'artiste. La troisieme partie de notre these est consacree aux amateurs bourgeois et patriciens: divers aspects des collections a venise et les principaux courants du gout sont analyses et nous montrons, en particulier, la complexite des reactions venitiennes devant les grandes reussites de l'art d'italie centrale. Nous etudions, enfin, les grandes commandes des eglises et des corporations religieuses (scuole) et cherchons a etablir dans quelle mesure le poids des reglementations edictees a la suite du concile de trente infuerent sur le travail des peintres
This work tries to show in which context the venetian painters of the sixteenth century worked : in its first part, we define the social position of the artists, and the functionning of the workshop and of the corporation (the scuola dei dipintori). We analyze the various contracts between painters and patrons and study the making of the price of the pictures. The second part of this work shows what were the contacts between painters and letterati; and the importance of the venetian art theory. The third part evocates the most important patrons and amateurs of the period, their collections and their taste. The last part analyzes the great works ordered by the scuole and the churches and the influence of the ecclesiastics rules on the painters' productions

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Hochmann, Michel. "Peintres et commanditaires à Venise, 1540-1628 /". Rome : Paris : École française de Rome ; diff. de Boccard, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35504948c.

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Livros sobre o assunto "Venison"

Venison. Minocqua, Wis: Willow Creek Press, 1998.

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Venison. Dundee: Highland Food Group, 2005.

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Loder, Steve. Quality venison: Homemade recipes & homespun deer tales. Cranberry Township, Pa: Loders' Game Publications, 1998.

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Publishing, Cowles Creative, ed. Venison cookery. Minnetonka, Minn: Cowles Creative Pub., 1997.

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Livingston, A. D. Venison cookbook. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1993.

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Venison cookbook. 2^a ed. Mechanicsburg, PA: STACKPOLE BOOKS, 2012.

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Clarke, Eileen. The venison cookbook. Stillwater, MN: Voyageur Press, 1996.

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Hayes, Ronald L. Venison never tasted so good!: The deer cookbook : venison recipes. Research Triangle Park, NC (P.O. Box 14031, Research Triangle Park 27709): RLH, 1993.

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Ann, Casada, ed. The ultimate venison cookbook. Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 2004.

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The complete venison cookbook. Brandon, Miss: Quail Ridge Press, 1996.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Venison"

Drew, Ken R. "Venison and Other Deer Products". In The Biology of Deer, 225–32. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2782-3_56.

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Osborn, David A., Stephen Demarais e David M. Hughes. "Harvest Considerations for Free-Ranging Venison Production in Texas". In The Biology of Deer, 253–58. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2782-3_60.

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Ataja, Abu M., Peter R. Wilson, John Hodgson, Ron M. Hoskinson, Roger W. Purchas, Hugo Varela-Alvarez e Tom N. Barry. "Venison Production from Grazing Young Red Deer Stags:Effects of Pasture Type and Immunization Against Melatonin". In The Biology of Deer, 203–10. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2782-3_48.

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Paulsen, Peter, Iris Schuhmann-Irschik, Manfred Sager e Friedrich Bauer. "13. Assessment of primary oxidation products in venison with embedded copper particles subjected to culinary processing". In Game meat hygiene, 213–19. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-840-7_13.

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Richards, Philip J., Siyu Wu, David B. Tinker, Mary V. Howell e Christine E. R. Dodd. "Microbial quality of venison meat at retail in the UK in relation to production practices and processes". In Game meat hygiene in focus, 113–17. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-723-3_7.

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Kennedy, Thomas G. "21. A process capability study to establish process hygiene microbiological criteria for wild venison at an Irish game handling establishment". In Trends in game meat hygiene, 251–64. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-238-2_21.

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"venison". In Shakespeare and Animals. The Arden Shakespeare, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350002548.article-251.

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"Venison". In French Household Cookery, 57–58. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315828190-13.

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"Humans and venison". In The Crimes of the Economy, 15–30. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203385500-6.

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Lupp, Gerd, Simon Tangerding e Valerie Kantelberg. "Venison from the Bavarian forests". In Routledge Handbook of Landscape and Food, 81–91. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315647692-7.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Venison"

Prishchepa, T. S., Ia V. Girs, A. D. Ishchenko, O. A. Kliuchnikova e A. M. Patieva. "Nutritional Value of Venison and Its Beneficial Properties". In General question of world science. НИЦ «Л-Журнал», 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/gq-31-03-2018-44.

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Avery, Dominique. "Distribution of Venison to Humanitarian Organizations in the USA and Canada". In Ingestion of Spent Lead Ammunition: Implications for Wildlife and Humans. The Peregrine Fund, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4080/ilsa.2009.0114.

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Hunt, Grainger. "Lead Bullet Fragments in Venison from Rifle-killed Deer: Potential for Human Dietary Exposure". In Ingestion of Spent Lead Ammunition: Implications for Wildlife and Humans. The Peregrine Fund, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4080/ilsa.2009.0112.

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Cornatzer, William. "Qualitative and Quantitative Detection of Lead Bullet Fragments in Random Venison Packages Donated to the Community Action Food Centers of North Dakota, 2007". In Ingestion of Spent Lead Ammunition: Implications for Wildlife and Humans. The Peregrine Fund, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4080/ilsa.2009.0111.

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Boccaletti, C., G. Duni e E. Santini. "Extended Thévenin equivalent circuits". In 2008 International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion (SPEEDAM). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/speedham.2008.4581171.

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Wilsdorf, Pia, Fiete Haack, Kai Budde, Andreas Ruscheinski e Adelinde M. Uhrmacher. "Conducting systematic, partly automated simulation studies – Unde Venis et Quo Vadis". In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS ICNAAM 2019. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0026939.

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Gómez Torres, Luisa Marina, Carlos Javier García Castellanos e Marlon Naranjo Muñoz. "FORTALECIMIENTO DE COMPETENCIAS PROFESIONALES A PARTIR DE LA IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE PROYECTOS INTEGRADORES EN LOS ESTUDIANTES DE V SEMESTRE". In Mujeres en ingeniería: empoderamiento, liderazgo y compromiso. Asociación Colombiana de Facultades de Ingeniería - ACOFI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26507/ponencia.1812.

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Partiendo del uso de diferentes metodologías didácticas de aprendizaje desarrolladas dentro de los procesos formativos en el programa de procesos Industriales de la Escuela Tecnológica Instituto Técnico Central, se ha venido trabajando en orientar las

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Arellano Ramos, Blanca, e Josep Roca Cladera. "Un ensayo para la delimitación de las megalópolis". In International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Roma: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.7913.

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El proceso de metropolitanización ha marcado el desarrollo urbano del siglo XX. Sin embargo, especialmente desde 1950, se ha venido produciendo un verdadero cambio de escala en dicho crecimiento: el crecimiento “infinito” de las periferias metropolitanas, alentado por el proceso de urban sprawl, la urbanización creciente de los entornos rurales en los intersticios existentes entre las ciudades, no sólo ha venido a enlazar espacialmente sistemas urbanos anteriormente aislados, sino que ha generado nuevos espacios urbanos caracterizados por una creciente complejidad, así como por la expansión ilimitada del fenómeno urbanizador. Las megalópolis, intuidas a principios del siglo XX por los pensadores precursores del urbanismo contemporáneo, se han hecho realidad. El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en realizar un ensayo para la identificación y caracterización preliminar de las megalópolis en los inicios del siglo XXI. La publicación reciente por la NASA de la imagen planetaria de las luces nocturnas da la oportunidad para proceder al desarrollo de metodologías de análisis de imagen susceptibles de identificar las mega-estructuras urbanas a escala planetaria.

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Cagno, S., I. De Raedt, T. Jeffries e K. Janssens. "Composition of Façon de Venise glass from early 17th century London in comparison with luxury glass of the same age". In Integrated Approaches to the Study of Historical Glass - IAS12, editado por Hugo Thienpont, Wendy Meulebroeck, Karin Nys e Dirk Vanclooster. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.975212.

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Girault, C., M. Bubenheim, J. Benichou e G. Bonmarchand. "Non Invasive Ventilation (NIV) and Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation (MV) in Chronic Respiratory Failure (CRF) Patients: The VENISE Study Preliminary Results." In American Thoracic Society 2009 International Conference, May 15-20, 2009 • San Diego, California. American Thoracic Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2009.179.1_meetingabstracts.a2165.

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Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Venison"

Ospina, María José, Camilo García, Diego Moñux e Alina Juganaru. Compra pública de innovación en Brasil: El sector de agua y saneamiento. Editado por Alejandro Minatta e Marcello Basani. Inter-American Development Bank, janeiro de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003006.

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Las políticas de innovación de los países de América Latina y el Caribe han venido experimentando importantes cambios durante las últimas décadas. Además de haberse dado un giro hacia instrumentos de políticas cada vez más verticales (dirigidos ya sea a un sector o a un reto en particular), las herramientas ligadas a la demanda han venido ganando protagonismo en la combinación de políticas de innovación implementadas en estos países. Entre estos instrumentos, que incluyen el establecimiento de regulación y estándares así como de beneficios tributarios para estimular la demanda privada de innovación, se destaca la compra pública de innovación (CPI). El objetivo de este trabajo es examinar los avances que se han logrado en la implementación de la CPI en Brasil, principalmente en el sector de agua y saneamiento. Las recomendaciones procuran ser útiles para contribuir al desempeño clave de los involucrados en la gestión del sector de agua y saneamiento, tanto en Brasil como en otros países.

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Mujica, Serrana, e Ana Castillo. 5 iniciativas para favorecer la equidad de género en las empresas. Inter-American Development Bank, fevereiro de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003059.

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Hace años venimos hablando de las brechas de género en el mercado laboral, pero ¿qué tanto hemos avanzado? ¿Qué iniciativas podemos implementar rápidamente para reducir esa distancia? La desigualdad de género es un problema estructural en nuestra región. Por eso, el Grupo BID, PwC y ONU Mujeres, en el marco del programa Ganar-Ganar, decidieron unir fuerzas para promover distintas acciones que favorezcan la equidad a través del premio anual dirigido a la empresas llamado "El talento no tiene género". En este documento, se recopilan lecciones aprendidas y buenas prácticas de las experiencias de algunos participantes de la edición 2019.

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Stefanoni, Pablo. En Venezuela, "Todo está muy normal". Fundación Carolina, outubro de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33960/ac_17.2022.

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La situación venezolana se ha venido transformando en el plano interno y externo. Se observa una consolidación de Nicolás Maduro en el poder, en medio de un esfuerzo del gobierno bolivariano por mostrar que el país salió del pozo, pese a las sanciones económicas. La coyuntura política latinoamericana y la invasión rusa de Ucrania han cambiado también el contexto geopolítico internacional. Con negociaciones en varios planos entre Caracas y Washington, la oposición —al igual que el debilitado “gobierno encargado”— busca reposicionarse en el nuevo escenario —y reorganizarse internamente— con vistas a las presidenciales de 2024.

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Montoya Robledo, Valentina, Laureen Montes Calero e Valeria Bernal Carvajal. Decálogo para planes de movilidad urbana sostenible sensibles al género. Inter-American Development Bank, agosto de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003423.

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Este decálogo presenta diez ideas clave para incorporar la perspectiva de género en la planeación integral de la movilidad de nuestras ciudades. A partir de las iniciativas de género en el transporte que ha venido desarrollando la red de ciudades miembro del Transport Gender Lab (TGL), así como las experiencias de otras ciudades de América Latina y el Caribe (ALC), el documento presenta buenas prácticas para cada uno de los puntos del decálogo. Estos ejemplos permiten destacar el progreso de los sistemas de transporte urbano responder a las necesidades de todos los usuarios y usuarias, sin embargo, todavía existen importantes oportunidades de mejora para lograr una movilidad integralmente sostenible e inclusiva.

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Gómez Bautista, Jorge Alfredo, Leidy Yobana Marin Abadía, William Díaz Cardona, Valerie Michel Vallejo Vilaró, Diego Thomas Tavera Moncaleano, Germán Arturo Cardona Villa e Andrés Fernando López Cruz. Guía de consultorios jurídicos. Ediciones Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, dezembro de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/gcgp.38.

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Esta guía tiene como propósito acompañar al estudiante en el desarrollo de competencias en diversas áreas del derecho, como lo son los métodos alternativos de solución de conflictos, el derecho penal, el derecho civil, el derecho de familia, el derecho laboral y el derecho público. De este modo, se busca brindar las herramientas necesarias que permitan garantizar una atención oportuna, de calidad y eficiente en los diferentes temas que nuestros usuarios puedan llegar a requerir. Es una base y punto de partida para continuar aplicando y desarrollando las competencias que durante todos estos años se han venido formando, mediante el planteamiento de soluciones jurídicas a los asuntos concretos requeridos.

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Hernaiz, Daniel, Juan Pablo Medina e Sebastián J. Miller. Reforma fiscal para Chile: desafíos para mejorar la eficiencia y la sostenibilidad de las finanzas públicas. Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, setembro de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004469.

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Durante las últimas décadas Chile ha sido resaltado como ejemplo a seguir en el manejo y solvencia de su política fiscal. Ese comportamiento había permitido reducir la deuda pública y mantener una política fiscal evitando ser procíclica como había ocurrido durante decenios anteriores. Sin embargo y pese a continuas mejoras institucionales, en el último tiempo la solidez fiscal ha perdido fuerza, en especial tras la crisis social y pandemia reciente. Este documento revisa la institucionalidad fiscal de Chile a lo largo de las últimas dos décadas, destacando sus sucesivas reformas y mostrando los problemas que ha venido enfrentando recientemente. En base a ello se proponen lineamientos que permitirían reforzar su institucionalidad para preservar la sostenibilidad de las finanzas públicas.

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Granada, Isabel, Katya Barrantes e Paola Ortiz. Aportes socio-ambientales de las infraestructuras viales en Costa Rica: Tomo 1: Carreteras amigables con la fauna silvestre. Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, dezembro de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004593.

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Para el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID), como aliado y socio estratégico de los países, es de vital importancia lograr territorios accesibles y conectados como un componente clave para el desarrollo económico de la región. Este objetivo se logrará de manera exitosa únicamente si va de la mano de la sostenibilidad ambiental. En este sentido, en los últimos años la construcción de infraestructura vial ha venido incorporando mejores prácticas con criterios ambientales. Este documento presenta el modelo que ha sido impulsado en Costa Rica para la implementación de medidas dirigidas a la fauna silvestre en carreteras, dentro de las que se resalta los pasos de fauna, como mecanismo innovador para promover la sostenibilidad ambiental en su territorio.

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Azuaje Pirela, Michelle. ¡Sonríe! la inteligencia artificial te está “interpretando”. Universidad Autónoma de Chile, maio de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32457/20.500.12728/9031202111.

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Gran revuelo ha causado en la comunidad académica internacional la reciente publicación de la Dra. Kate Crawford, autora del libro “Atlas of AI” quien en un artículo de Nature advierte que: “la pandemia de la COVID-19 se está utilizando como pretexto para introducir herramientas de inteligencia artificial no probadas en los lugares de trabajo y las escuelas.” Por lo que, además, insiste en que es hora de regular a los sistemas de inteligencia artificial (en adelante IA) que “interpretan” emociones humanas. En efecto, esta preocupación no es algo nuevo. Desde hace algunos años la mencionada autora junto a diversos investigadores y organizaciones protectoras de derechos humanos han venido advirtiendo sobre el incremento en la comercialización y el uso de sistemas de IA que aseguran poder analizar los movimientos faciales, el tono de voz y los patrones del habla, para interpretar emociones humanas.

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Álvarez, Isabel, Cipriano Quirós, Raquel Marín, Lisset Medina e Antonio Biurrun. Desigualdad digital en Iberoamérica. Retos en una sociedad conectada. Fundación Carolina, junho de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33960/issn-e.1885-9119.dt50.

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La difusión de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones (TIC) en las últimas décadas ha venido acompañada de una cada vez más expansiva conectividad internacional (generalización del acceso a Internet). Sin embargo, las asimetrías internacionales, o el desigual acceso por regiones y países, añaden un elemento que podría acentuar la desigualdad económica y social. A pesar de la permeabilidad de la digitalización, la amenaza de una brecha de acceso a Internet se profundiza ante el riesgo que enfrentan determinados grupos de población de quedar al margen de las oportunidades y ventajas del proceso. Aunque esta brecha ha ido reduciéndose con el paso del tiempo, una gran parte del potencial de la digitalización necesita de destrezas digitales, lo que hace emerger un nuevo aspecto de desigualdad, el referido a las habilidades digitales de los individuos. Esas habilidades permitirán mejorar la adaptación a los cambios en numerosos trabajos, y un uso pleno de muchos servicios digitales, incrementando también la confianza en el entorno digital.

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Barrera Sánchez, María Angélica. El emprendimiento en el marco de la gobernanza. Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia, outubro de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22490/ecacen.4270.

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El sistema económico, político y social también ha venido sufriendo cambios constantes, por lo tanto se han visto en la obligación de evolucionar a la par con la globalización, a raíz de esto la gobernanza busca hacer frente a los problemas que surgen en la sociedad, partiendo del diseño y desarrollo de las políticas públicas para promover los emprendimientos en los que tanto los actores públicos como los privados pueden hacerse partícipes para dar una respuesta de manera equitativa a las necesidades actuales. Uno de los problemas que se aborda es que la economía presenta debilidades y que estas deben ser mitigadas por los actores políticos para salvaguardar el empleo, el crecimiento y el desarrollo económico a partir de los emprendimientos, sin embargo, debe involucrarse los actores sociales es decir los ciudadanos mediante mecanismos de participación. La finalidad del presente escrito es brindar las definiciones, características y establecer la relación entre la gobernanza, el emprendimiento y las políticas públicas como generadoras de crecimiento y desarrollo en pro de dar respuesta a las necesidades actuales.

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