Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Vehicle System"

Electric vehicles are being considered as one of the pillar of eco-friendly solutions to overcome the problem of global pollution and radiations due to greenhouse gases. Present thesis work reports the improvement in overall performance of the propulsion system of an electric vehicle by improving autonomy and torque-speed characteristic. Electric vehicle propulsion system consists of supply and traction system, and are coordinated by the monitoring & control system. Case of light electric vehicle propulsion system with permanent-magnet (PM) brushless dc (BLDC) drive being used in electric scooters and electric-mini cars is considered for analytical study and the implementation of the proposed solutions. PM BLDC motor and voltage source inverter are considered as a part of traction system and electric energy source such as battery, fuel cell or photovoltaic panel are considered as a part of supply system. Available electric energy sources are capable of delivering higher current at lower terminal voltage, so are connected either in series or -more often- to the higher voltage dc-link through a circuital arrangement (boost topology) to achieve higher voltage. For the evaluation of boost topologies, traditional dc-to-dc boost converter with cascade VSI (DBI) and Z-source inverter (ZSI) are considered for fuel cell and battery as on-board energy sources. Evaluation of the convenience of the two supply topologies is carried out in terms of the factors defining transistor power utilization, and voltage and current transistor solicitation. In addition to mentioned defined factors, sizing of the passive components in terms of the power contribution factor of fuel cell is considered. In respect to the defined factors, DBI supply is found to be beneficial for PM BLDC drive whereas, with respect to the power contribution factor, ZSI supply is good to adopt for the cases were major contribution of power is from battery. For the improvement in torque-speed characteristics of the considered drive, issue of torque ripple due to non-ideal phase commutation in case of conventional square-wave phase current (SqPC) supply is studied analytically by establishing a correlation between the behavior of the commutating phase currents and motor torque. Behavior of the motor torque during commutation for low and high speed zone as a function motor speed and defined motor specific quantity are explained in detailed. The analytical results are used to explain the dropping torque-speed characteristic of the drive and are verified experimentally for a propulsion drive available in the laboratory. Dropping torque-speed characteristic limits the use of the drive up till the nominal speed. To overcome this issue sinusoidal phase current (SPC) supply is proposed. SPC offers constant motor torque. A detailed convenience analysis of SPC over SqPC is carried out. Strategy for the implementation of SPC supply is also discussed and the analytical results were verified by the experimentally. The study of the PM BLDC drive by means of the space phasor/vector approach has been executed. While such an approach is quite common for drives with motors with sinusoidal back-emf and phase currents, it is not explored in the literature for the present case, where back-emfs are trapezoidal and phase currents are square-wave in nature. Behavior of the PM BLDC drive has been revisited in stationary plane and the current commutation between the motor phases has been explained with the help of phase variable vectors. All the results obtained in a-b-c plane are cross verified in stationary plane showing the simplicity and potentialities of the vector approach for PM BLDC drive. To address the issue of the autonomy of electric vehicles, use of solar energy to assist the on-board batteries of an electric mini-car is considered. Photovoltaic Geographical Information Systems database provided by Joint Research Centre Europe, is used to estimate the solar irradiance available in Padova, Italy. Output of a 0.487 sq-meter, 20-cell multi-crystalline PV panel is estimated and accordingly a conventional dc-to-dc boost converter is designed to interface PV panel with dc-link of a mini-car available in the laboratory. Appropriate control is implemented through DSP to track maximum power point. Whole system was tested outside the laboratory and measurements were carried out. Analytical loss model of the dc-to-dc boost converter is developed to explain the variations in gain, efficiency and loss components of the converter under varying solar irradiance. The thesis work has been carried out at the Laboratory of “Electric systems for automation and automotive” headed by Prof. Giuseppe Buja. The laboratory belongs to the Department of Industrial Engineering of the University of Padova
I veicoli elettrici sono considerati uno dei pilastri tra le soluzioni ecosostenibili per superare il problema dell’inquinamento globale dovuto ai gas serra. Questo lavoro di tesi tratta del miglioramento delle prestazioni complessive di un sistema di propulsione di un veicolo elettrico mediante l’aumento dell’autonomia e della caratteristica coppia-velocità. Il sistema di propulsione di un veicolo elettrico consiste in un sistema di alimentazione e di un sistema di trazione, coordinati da un sistema di monitoraggio e controllo. Lo studio analitico e l’implementazione della soluzione proposta per il sistema di propulsione sono stati svolti con riferimento ad un motore brushless a magneti permanenti con fem trapezoidale (PM BLDC), utilizzato comunemente in veicoli elettrici leggeri come gli scooter e le mini-car. Il sistema di propulsione è costituito dal motore PM BLDC e dall’invertitore di tensione, mentre il sistema di alimentazione è formato da sorgenti energia elettrica come le batterie, le celle a combustibile o i pannelli fotovoltaici. Le sorgenti di energia elettrica disponibili sul mercato consentono di raggiungere elevati valori di corrente ma con bassi valori di tensione. Al fine di ottenere i valori di tensioni richiesti dal bus in continua, esse sono collegate in serie tra loro o sono connesse mediante convertitori innalzatori di tensione. Ciò può avvenire o attraverso un tradizionale convertitore dc/dc innalzatore con in cascata un invertitore di tensione (DBI) o attraverso un invertitore di tipo Z-source (ZSI). La valutazione di convenienza delle due modalità di alimentazione è basata sul fattore di utilizzazione e sulle sollecitazioni in termini di corrente e tensione dei transistor di potenza. Oltre ai fattori menzionati in precedenza, sono stati dimensionati gli elementi passivi in funzione della quota parte di potenza fornita dalla cella a combustibile. In relazione ai parametri definiti, la migliore soluzione risulta essere l’alimentazione con DBI, mentre quella con ZSI appare conveniente quando la maggior parte della potenza assorbita dal carico sia fornita dalle batterie. Al fine di migliorare le prestazioni di coppia, il ripple di coppia dovuto alla non ideale commutazione del convertitore ad onda quadra (SqPC) è stato studiato analiticamente, stabilendo la correlazione tra le correnti durante la fase di commutazione e la coppia del motore. Il comportamento di coppia a basse ed ad alte velocità è stato esaminato in dettaglio utilizzando specifiche grandezze del motore. I risultati analitici sono stati utilizzati per spiegare la caduta della coppia sviluppata dal motore ad alte velocità; essi sono stati verificati sperimentalmente su un azionamento di propulsione disponibile in laboratorio. La non costanza della caratteristica coppia-velocità limita l’uso del motore nei pressi della velocità nominale. Per superare questo limite è stata altresi utilizzata un’alimentazione con corrente sinusoidale (SPC). Essa permette di fornire al motore una coppia costante. E’ stata quindi eseguita un’analisi dettagliata al fine di vedere quale sia il metodo di alimentazione più conveniente tra SqPC e SPC. È stata altresì descritta la strategia d’implementazione dell’alimentazione SPC, e i risultati analitici sono stati verificati sperimentalmente. E’ stato eseguito lo studio degli azionamenti con motori PM BLDC con l’approccio dei fasori spaziali. Mentre questo approccio è abbastanza comune nel caso di azionamenti con motori con forza contro-elettromotrice e correnti di sinusoidali, esso non è trattato in letteratura per gli azionamenti con motori PM BLDC, in quanto la forza contro-elettromotrice è trapezoidale e il profilo delle correnti di fase è un onda quadra. Il comportamento del motore PM BLDC è stato rivisitato sul piano stazionario e la commutazione della corrente tra le fasi è stata descritta con l’ausilio dei vettori delle grandezze di fase. Tutti i risultati ottenuti nel piano a-b-c sono stati verificati nel piano stazionario, mostrando la semplicità e le potenzialità dell’approccio vettoriale. Al fine di estendere l’autonomia del veicolo sono stati utilizzati dei pannelli fotovoltaici. Il Sistema Geografico di Informazioni Fotovoltaico sviluppato dal Joint Research Center Europe è stato utilizzato per stimare il valore d’irraggiamento solare disponibile a Padova. È stata stimata la potenza generata da un pannello fotovoltaico di superficie 0.487 m2, formato da 20 celle multi-cristalline, e in relazione ad essa, è stato progettato il convertitore dc-dc elevatore per interfacciare il pannello fotovoltaico al bus in continua di una mini-car disponibile in laboratorio. Un appropriato controllo è stato implementato in un processore DSP al fine di inseguire il punto di massima potenza. L’intero sistema è stato provato all’esterno del laboratorio, facendo le misure necessarie per le verifiche. Un modello analitico delle perdite del convertitore dc-dc elevatore è stato sviluppato per descrivere la variazione di guadagno, rendimento e perdite del convertitore al variare dell’irraggiamento solare. Il lavoro di tesi è stato sviluppato presso il Laboratorio di “Sistemi elettrici per l’automazione e la veicolistica” diretto dal Prof. Giuseppe Buja. Il laboratorio afferisce al Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale dell’Università di Padova

Automotive transport unavoidably raises safety concerns for drivers, passengers, and indeed, all road users alike. Advancements in vehicle safety technologies have come a long way, and have had a major impact on the reduction of road-related accidents and fatalities. However, as the push towards autonomous vehicle systems gains momentum, assumptions must be avoided about the global application of such technologies.This paper proposes an idea for a road safety alert system, which is realized in the form of small-scale prototype, subsequently tested and evaluated to study its theoretical application to real world scenarios. The system is geared towards developing regions of the world where a reduction in road-related accidents and death is needed most. Reviews of various existing and proposed safety systems within the realm of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) are conducted, with a focus on Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and non-V2V applications, which are compared to and contrasted with our proposal.We hope to foster further discussion and research into suitable technologies and their application, in regions of the world that require a different approach when trying to realistically reduce the consistent destructive trend of accidents and fatalities when humans are still behind the wheel.

This research develops and evaluates an Advanced Traveler Information System (ATIS) model using a Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication system (referred to as the GATIS-V2V model) with the off-the-shelf microscopic simulation model, VISSIM. The GATIS-V2V model is tested on notional small traffic networks (non-signalized and signalized) and a 6X6 typical urban grid network (signalized traffic network). The GATIS-V2V model consists of three key modules: vehicle communication, on-board travel time database management, and a Dynamic Route Guidance System (DRGS). In addition, the system performance has been enhanced by applying three complementary functions: Autonomous Automatic Incident Detection (AAID), a minimum sample size algorithm, and a simple driver behavior model. To select appropriate parameter ranges for the complementary functions a sensitivity analysis has been conducted. The GATIS-V2V performance has been investigated relative to three underlying system parameters: traffic flow, communication radio range, and penetration ratio of participating vehicles. Lastly, the enhanced GATIS-V2V model is compared with the centralized traffic information system. This research found that the enhanced GATIS-V2V model outperforms the basic model in terms of travel time savings and produces more consistent and robust system output under non-recurrent traffic states (i.e., traffic incident) in the simple traffic network. This research also identified that the traffic incident detection time and driver's route choice rule are the most crucial factors influencing the system performance. As expected, as traffic flow and penetration ratio increase, the system becomes more efficient, with non-participating vehicles also benefiting from the re-routing of participating vehicles. The communication radio ranges considered were found not to significantly influence system operations in the studied traffic network. Finally, it is found that the decentralized GATIS-V2V model has similar performance to the centralized model even under low flow, short radio range, and low penetration ratio cases. This implies that a dynamic infrastructure-based traffic information system could replace a fixed infrastructure-based traffic information system, allowing for considerable savings in fixed costs and ready expansion of the system off of the main network corridors.

In this thesis three problems areas are studied related to embedded system and device driver programming: a GPS driver, the CAN Bus and study of graphics libraries suitable for embedded systems. The thesis has two parts: an academic study and an implementation phase based on the academic study. The Freescale i.MX31ADS development board together with ENEA's operating system OSE is used as a basis for the study and it is shown that OpenGL ES is best suited for the platform. Further the system can be complemented by the use of Mobile 3D Graphics, a Java based solution. A driver for the graphics port is implemented for Linux and OpenGL ES works using a graphics accelerator on the hardware. In the field of CAN communication an analysis of an existing driver is made. The driver has two shortcomings that lead to an incorrect priority order when multiple messages are sent simultaneously on the CAN bus. The main problem is that the bit, which tells if the data field of the CAN message fits in a single message, has the greatest impact on a CAN message priority. Another problem is that the signal numbers have not been assigned in a consistent manner. A design proposal and an implementation are made. The work with GPS is limited to theory and design in terms of creating the basis for the future creation of the driver. A survey of the interfaces that exist between the GPS module and other hardware is done and additional requirements from the rest of the system are highlighted.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 20-23, 2003 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
The Delta expendable launch vehicle has been flying onboard video cameras. The camera is an NTSC analog camera that directly modulates an FM transmitter. A standard FM deviation is used to maximize link performance while minimizing transmitted bandwidth. Pre-emphasis per CCIR recommendation 405 is used to improve the video signal-to-noise ratio. The camera and transmitter obtain power from either a separate battery or the vehicle power system. Lighting is provided by sunlight, or a light may be added when sunlight is unavailable. Multiple cameras are accommodated by either using multiple transmitters or by switching the individual cameras in flight. IRIG-B timing is used to correlate the video with other vehicle telemetry.

The main purpose of a vehicle information system using blockchain is to create a transparent and reliable information system which will help consumers buy a vehicle; it is a vehicle information system. The blockchain system will create a time sequence chain of events database for each vehicle from the original sale. It will include insurance, vehicle repair, and vehicle resale. This project is mainly divided into three parts. Part one is used by the administration who will create the blockchain and will give authentication to a different organization to create the blockchain. Part two will be used by the Organization to create a block in the blockchain. Part three will be used by customers who want to get information about the vehicle.

In the field of modern automotive engineering, many researchers are focusing on the development of advanced vehicle control systems such as autonomous vehicle systems and Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). Furthermore, Driver Assistance Systems (DAS) such as cruise control, Anti-Lock Braking Systems (ABS), and Electronic Stability Control (ESC) have become widely popular in the automotive industry. Therefore, vehicle control research attracts attention from both academia and industry, and has been an active area of vehicle research for over 30 years, resulting in impressive DAS contributions. Although current vehicle control systems have improved vehicle safety and performance, there is room for improvement for dealing with various situations. The objective of the research is to develop a predictive vehicle control system for improving vehicle safety and performance for autonomous vehicles and ADAS. In order to improve the vehicle control system, the proposed system utilizes information about the upcoming local driving environment such as terrain roughness, elevation grade, bank angle, curvature, and friction. The local driving environment is measured in advance with a terrain measurement system to provide terrain data. Furthermore, in order to obtain the information about road conditions that cannot be measured in advance, this work begins by analyzing the response measurements of a preceding vehicle. The response measurements of a preceding vehicle are acquired through Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) or Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communication. The identification method analyzes the response measurements of a preceding vehicle to estimate road data. The estimated road data or the pre-measured road data is used as the upcoming driving environment information for the developed vehicle control system. The metric that objectively quantifies vehicle performance, the Performance Margin, is developed to accomplish the control objectives in an efficient manner. The metric is used as a control reference input and continuously estimated to predict current and future vehicle performance. Next, the predictive control algorithm is developed based on the upcoming driving environment and the performance metric. The developed system predicts future vehicle dynamics states using the upcoming driving environment and the Performance Margin. If the algorithm detects the risks of future vehicle dynamics, the control system intervenes between the driver's input commands based on estimated future vehicle states. The developed control system maintains vehicle handling capabilities based on the results of the prediction by regulating the metric into an acceptable range. By these processes, the developed control system ensures that the vehicle maintains stability consistently, and improves vehicle performance for the near future even if there are undesirable and unexpected driving circumstances. To implement and evaluate the integrated systems of this work, the real-time driving simulator, which uses precise real-world driving environment data, has been developed for advanced high computational vehicle control systems. The developed vehicle control system is implemented in the driving simulator, and the results show that the proposed system is a clear improvement on autonomous vehicle systems and ADAS.
Ph. D.

Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

An autonomous vehicle is a vehicle that is capable of navigating and driving with no human intervention whatsoever through the utilization of various sensors and positioning systems. The possible applications of autonomous vehicles are widespread, ranging from the aerospace industry to the mining and military sectors where the exposure of human operators to the operating conditions is hazardous to their health and safety. Automobile accidents have become the leading cause of death in certain segments of the world population. Removing the human driver from the decision-making process through automation may result in significantly safer highways. Although full autonomy may be the ultimate goal, there is huge scope for systems that aid the driver in decision making or systems that take over from the driver under conditions where the human driver fails. The aim of the longitudinal control system to be implemented on the Land Rover test vehicle in this study is to improve the vehicle’s safety by controlling the vehicle’s longitudinal behaviour. A common problem with sports-utility-vehicles is the low rollover threshold, due to a high centre of gravity. Rather than modifying the vehicle to increase the rollover threshold, the aim of the control system presented here is to prevent the vehicle from exceeding speeds that would cause the vehicle to reach its rollover threshold. In order to develop a control system that autonomously controls the longitudinal degree of freedom, a model of the test vehicle (a 1997 Land Rover Defender 110 Wagon) was developed in MSC.ADAMS/View and validated experimentally. The model accurately captures the response of the test vehicle to supply forces as generated by the engine and demand forces applied through drag, braking and engine braking. Furthermore, the model has been validated experimentally to provide reliable simulation results for lateral and vertical dynamics. The control system was developed by generating a reference speed that the vehicle must track. This reference speed was formulated by taking into account the vehicle’s limits due to lateral acceleration, combined lateral and longitudinal acceleration and the vehicle’s performance capabilities. The control system generates the desired throttle pedal position, hydraulic pressure in the brake lines, clutch position and gear selection as output. The MSC.ADAMS\View model of the test vehicle was used to evaluate the performance of the control system on various racetracks of which the GPS coordinates were available. The simulation results indicate that the control system performs as expected. Finally, the control system was implemented on the test vehicle and the performance was evaluated by conducting field tests in the form of a severe double lane change manoeuvre. The results of the field tests indicated that the control system limited the acceleration vector of the vehicle’s centre of gravity to prescribed limits, as predicted by the simulation results.
Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2014
Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering
unrestricted

In this thesis the two-dimensional vehicle loading problem is considered: that is, the problem of loading a rectangular deck of size L by W of a ship, drawing from a set of n vehicles. The objective is to maximize the area covered on the deck by the vehicles loaded. A heuristic algorithm is employed to solve the two-dimensional loading problem. A computer-aided vehicle embarkation system (CAVES) is developed using a menu driven micro-computer program designed to assist embarkation personnel to load vehicles on board a ship. CAVES provides the Embarkation Officer the flexibility and portability needed to make real time decisions about vehicle load plans.

Com a era da globalização e a introdução da filosofia de Gestão da Cadeia de Suprimentos, os clientes têm se tornado cada vez mais exigentes no que diz respeito à qualidade e prazos de entrega, gerando uma competitividade crescente e uma busca por serviços cada vez mais customizados que, para as empresas de distribuição de produtos, tem se tornado um fator cada vez mais importante na obtenção de vantagem competitiva e conquista de fatias cada vez maiores do mercado. Nesse sentido, muitas empresas de transporte têm tentado dar maior confiabilidade, mais velocidade e flexibilidade, buscando obter maior eficiência e pontualidade nas tarefas de entrega e/ou coleta; um melhor aproveitamento da frota e dos motoristas; menores tempos de ciclo; melhor planejamento das rotas, gerando assim sensíveis reduções de custos operacionais, melhoria da imagem da empresa no mercado e, em função disso, uma conquista cada vez maior de mercado. Nesse sentido, de modo a obter excelência nos processos de distribuição física, muitas empresas têm adquirido os chamados sistemas de roteirizarão e programação de veículos ou, simplesmente, roteirizadores. Dado o crescimento na utilização de roteirizadores para redução de custos operacionais e a possibilidade por parte do autor de participar da implementação dessa tecnologia em uma empresa, os objetivos dessa dissertação são: Descrever a operação da Empresa Alfa onde foi realizada a implementação do roteirizador de veículos e a apresentação do processo de implementação do roteirizador na operação. Como o autor fez parte da implementação do roteirizador na Empresa Alfa, a metodologia utilizada para a elaboração desse trabalho incluiu: pesquisa bibliográfica, visitas in loco e entrevistas não estruturadas junto aos envolvidos na operação. O resultado desta dissertação é uma análise da operação da Empresa Alfa durante a implementação do roteirizador, mostrando seus pontos positivos e suas dificuldades extraídos apos finalizado o processo de implementação.
Nowadays with the globalization and the introduction of the Supply chain management philosophy, the customers become more demanding in order to get better quality in delivery time, increasing competitiveness and a search for customized services that, for distribution companies, it has become the most important factor in order to get competitive advantage and to increase the market share. In accordance with these ideas, many distribution companies have tried to improve the reliability, speed and flexibility, in order to get higher efficiency and punctuality in the deliveries; better fleet and drivers utilization; lower time to planning routes, generating cost reduction, improvements of the company`s image in the market, and higher market share. Trying to get excellence in distribution process, many companies have acquired the routing and scheduling systems. Due to the growth of routing systems use and the possibility for the author to participate in an implementation of this technology in a company, the objectives of this work are: to describe the operation of the Alpha Company`s where the implementation has been done; and present the routing system implementation process. Since the author was part of the team in the implementation of routing system in the Alpha Company, the methodology used for the elaboration of this work included: bibliographical research, visits in loco to the Alpha Company`s operations and non structuralized interviews with the involved parts in the operation. As a result of this work, we have an analysis of the operation during the implementation of the Routing System in line with the main results getting after finished the implementation process.

ITC/USA 2006 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Second Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 23-26, 2006 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, California
XX launch vehicle has been flying onboard video system which includes video cameras, data compression devices and channel switch device for the second Chinese spaceflight. The camera is a PAL analog camera that been sampled and compressed by compression device. The compressed digital video data is combined with telemetry data into the telemetry radio channel. Lighting is provided by sunlight, or a light has been equipped when sunlight is unavailable. IRIG-B timing is used to correlate the video with other vehicle telemetry. The video system’s influences to the vehicle flight have been decreased to minimum.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 21, 2002 / Town & Country Hotel and Conference Center, San Diego, California
This paper introduces the essential points for designing a navigating system, and describes the modules of a typical vehicle navigator. This paper also gives a practical navigator example. Some experience for design is also mentioned.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1999 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
Collecting and analyzing vehicle performance data is an essential part of the launch process. Performance data is used to determine mission success. Performance data also provides essential feedback to the launch vehicle design engineers. This feedback can be used to improve the overall vehicle design and thereby improve the probability of a successful launch. Various Telemetry products are used to gather and process critical information on board launch vehicles. Data is transmitted by RF links to fixed or mobile receiving stations. These Telemetry products are ruggedized for the extreme launch environments. This paper discusses the use of video telemetry as a means of providing launch vehicle performance data.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 13-16, 1986 / Riviera Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada
A realtime, multi-system, dynamic vehicle test capability has been developed for the testing of tanks and large vehicles under all possible conditions of terrain and environment. The systems, produced under a turnkey contract, include: a fixed base ground data processing system; a mobile ground station with the same processing capability; two vehicle-borne systems with on-board computing, recording and telemetry; and a large integrated software package for all four systems. The mobile ground station can be mounted on a rail car, a ship or the chassis of a diesel truck capable of operating across open field terrain. All four systems have computers and realtime EU data displays. The vehicle-borne systems can be assembled and mounted inside a tank turret for underwater testing. Optionally, they can be installed in an environmental enclosure mounted to the outside of the vehicle for open field testing or tests where the armament supply hardware must be installed inside the armored vehicle. Several special sensors were developed for the vehicle-borne instrumentation to permit measurement and display of terrain contour, ground speed, track efficiency, power train performance, vehicle direction, velocity and acceleration in 3-axes, vehicle attitude and stability, dynamic gun pointing accuracy, engine and transmission performance and operator reaction to the test requirements and the vehicle environment.

The majority of road accidents can be prevented by passive and active safety designs and systems present in today's modem passenger car and by road infrastructure improvements. However, large part of the accident risk depends on the driver status and vigilance, no matter how well the car is equipped and how safe the roads are. It is believed that an underestimated 20% of accidents are due to lack of sleep, inattentiveness and lack of vigilance, which can be summarized under impaired driving. In this study, a driver vigilance monitoring system is developed and its performance is tested applying signal processing, computer vision, and artificial intelligence state-of-the-art methods.

The counting and classification of vehicles is an important part of transportation engineering. In the past twenty years many automated systems have been developed to accomplish that labor-intensive task. Unfortunately most of those systems are characterized by inaccurate detection systems and/or classification method's which result in many classification errors, thus limiting the accuracy of the system. This report describes the development of a new vehicle classification program, originally designed for use in the Two-Point-Time-Ratio method of vehicle classification, which could greatly improve the accuracy of automated classification systems. The program utilizes data provided by either vehicle detection sensors, or the program user, to determine the velocity, number of axles, and axle spacings of a passing vehicle. It then matches the axle numbers and spacings with one of forty-one possible vehicle classifications and prints the vehicle class, speed, and wheelbase lengths. It also tabulates and prints totals and average speeds for each vehicle type. This report then describes a roadside experiment conducted to test the accuracy of the program, and the results of that experiment, which show the program classifications to be highly accurate. The report then describes the options available within the program, and provides instructions and an example on the use of the program. Possible future expansions of the system are also cited.
Master of Science

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 21, 2002 / Town & Country Hotel and Conference Center, San Diego, California
The intelligent vehicle navigation system is the multifunctional and complex integrate system that involved in auto positioning technology, geography information system and digital map database, computer technology, multimedia and wireless communication technology. In this paper, the autonomous navigation system based on the embedded hardware and embedded software platform is proposed. The system has advantages of low cost, low power consumption, multifunction and high stability and reliability.

Road traffic safety has been a subject of worldwide concern. Dedicated short range communications (DSRC) is widely regarded as a promising enabling technology for collaborative safety applications (CSA), which can provide robust communication and affordable performance to build large scale CSA system. The main focus of this thesis is to develop solutions for DSRC QoS control in order to provide robust QoS support for CSA. The first design objective is to ensure robust and reliable message delivery services for safety applications from the DSRC networks. As the spectrum resources allocated to DSRC network are expected to be shared by both safety and non-safety applications, the second design objective is to make QoS control schemes bandwidth-efficient in order to leave as much as possible bandwidth for non-safety applications. The first part of the thesis investigates QoS control in infrastructure based DSRC networks, where roadside access points (AP) are available to control QoS control at road intersections. After analyse DSRC network capabilities on QoS provisioning without congestion control, we propose a two-phases adaptive QoS control method for DSRC vehicle networks. In the first phase an offline simulation based approach is used to and out the best possible system configurations (e.g. message rate and transmit power) with given numbers of vehicles and QoS requirements. It is noted that with different utility functions the values of optimal parameters proposed by the two phases centralized QoS control scheme will be different. The conclusions obtained with the proposed scheme are dependent on the chosen utility functions. But the proposed two phases centralized QoS control scheme is general and is applicable to different utility functions. In the second phase, these configurations are used online by roadside AP adaptively according to dynamic traffic loads. The second part of the thesis is focused on distributed QoS control for DSRC networks. A framework of collaborative QoS control is proposed, following which we utilize the local channel busy time as the indicator of network congestion and adaptively adjust safety message rate by a modified additive increase and multiplicative decrease (AIMD) method in a distributed way. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed QoS control schemes.

In this work, a learning-based testing system is designed and evaluated in terms of its perfor-mance and feasibility of use in testing of safety-critical vehicle systems; the objective is to reduce testing time and costs. A literature study was conducted on the AMASS project, model-based testing and machine learning; based on which a design of the testing system was developed. The finished testing system uses a genetic algorithm for generating solutions of high fitness, which in this application implies test cases that provoke failures in a target system under test, in order for the developers to detect system defects. The target testing system is a model of Volvo’s Brake-By-Wire ABS module. It was concluded that the testing system is effective in increas-ing fitness of solutions through iteration; the performance of the machine learning algorithm is dependent on parameters such as the mutation rate and the size of the populations into which solutions are clustered.
I detta arbete har ett lärningsbaserat testsystem framställts. Dess prestanda har utvärderats samt dess lämplighet att användas för testning av säkerhetskritiska fordonssystem. Syftet är att minska kostnaden samt tidsåtgången av testningsprocessen. En litteraturstudie utfördes vilken berörde AMASS-projektet, modellbaserad testning samt maskininlärning. Baserat på detta kunde det lärningsbaserade testsystemet utvecklas. Det färdiga testsystemet använder en s.k. genetisk algoritm för att generera lösningar av hög kondition, vilket benämns fitness. I denna tillämpning innebär en hög fitness ett testfall som resulterar i ett underkänt test, då syftet med testprogrammet är att utvecklaren ska upptäcka det testade systemets brister. Det testade systemet är en modell av Volvos Brake-By-Wire ABS-modul. Det konstaterades att testsystemet är effektivt i att öka lösningarnas fitness genom iteration samt att algoritmens prestanda avgörs av dess parametrar, som mutationstakt samt populationsstorlek.

Thesis (M. S. in Information Technology Management) Naval Postgraduate School, September 1995.
Thesis advisor(s): Shu S. Liao, William B. Short. "September 1995." Bibliography: p. 193. Also available online.

The thesis is based in a constructed light vehicle that must be improved by adding a hydraulic energy recovery system. This vehicle named as TrecoLiTH, participated in the Formula Electric and Hybrid competition (Formula EHI) 2009 in Italy -Rome- and won several awards.

This system consists in two hydraulic motors hub mounted which are used to store fluid at high pressure in an accumulator when braking. Through a valve the pressure will flow from the high pressure accumulator to the low pressure one, and consequently the vehicle will get extra acceleration.

This thesis consists in finishing the assembly and testing it, as the main idea was already thought and some of the necessary parts were acquired before. Firstly, a quick overview of the bike is done and the current state of it at the end of the thesis is discussed. After that, the mechanism used to actuate the system is developed and explained, with which some CAD software was used to design and make some FEA. Straight afterwards the work focused on the tests and its development. A quick discussion about what tests should be done, the preparations and also the way that some measurements were done is commented. In order to do these measurements a data acquisition device and some software to deal with it was used.

Thereupon, calculations to know if the system auto-compensates the weight added, causing more rolling resistance, and the oil frictions are done. In this part the performance and reliability of the system is discussed, as well as the feelings of the driver. Finally, improvements and possible modifications are listed with the aim of upgrade the vehicle, the system and the way of work.

The University of Canterbury has purchased a 1992 Toyota MR2 and used it as the platform to construct a new electric car. Similar to the common combustion engine vehicle, electric vehicles require control systems to control the operation of 12Vdc auxiliary loads, such as lights, indicators and windscreen wipers, where traditional technology results in a large number of wires in the wiring harness. Also, with the added complexity of modern vehicles, the need for integrating independent control systems together has become very important in providing safer and more efficient vehicles. To reduce the number of wires and make it possible for different control systems to communicate, and so perform more complex tasks, a flexible and reliable control system is used. The CAN (Controller Area Network) control system is a simple two-wire differential serial bus system, which was developed by Bosch for automotive applications in the early 1980s. The power and control system within the vehicle is named the "Power Distribution Network" and it is implemented by using multiple power converters and the CAN control system. This thesis presents the design, implementation, and test results of the CAN control system for the MR2. The 312Vdc nominal battery voltage is converted to an intermediate voltage of 48Vdc. This configuration is considered more efficient than the usual 12Vdc distribution system since smaller and lighter wires can be used to carry the same amount of power. The power distribution network operates off the 48Vdc intermediate voltage, and provides 12Vdc output to power all auxiliaries within the vehicle. The Power Distribution Network is implemented with two major subsystems: the auxiliary power system, which consists of multiple converters to step-down voltage from the 48Vdc intermediate voltage to the 12Vdc, and the CAN control system, which is developed to control and integrate the 12Vdc auxiliary loads within the vehicle. The prototype CAN control system is fully operational and has been tested with 12Vdc loads which are used to simulate most of the auxiliary loads in the vehicle. Experimental measurements show that the prototype is able to successfully control and maintain the network of independent nodes. This confirms that in principle the CAN control system is suitable for controlling the auxiliary loads in an electric vehicle.

Abstract In 1999, the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at the University of Canterbury started building their third electric vehicle (EV3) based on a TOYOTA MR2 with the goal of building a higher performance vehicle to match present combustion engined vehicles. The car is powered by 26 12volt sealed lead-acid batteries connected in series to achieve a nominal 312V DC source. A battery voltage equaliser is a device that draws energy from a higher charged battery, then discharges into a lower charged battery. The need for a voltage equaliser is principally due to the differences in cell chemistry, temperature gradients along the battery string and the ages of the batteries. During the charging or discharging process, some batteries reach their nominal voltage or reach deep discharge states before the others. Then if the charger keeps charging the batteries or the load keeps drawing energy from these batteries, it results in damage to the batteries. Therefore maintaining the charge level on each battery becomes important. In addition, it also improves the battery life and vehicle travelling range. This thesis details the analysis of three different types of battery equaliser, which are based on a 24W buck-boost converter, 192W buck-boost converter and 192W flyback converter. In this design, all converters are designed to work under current mode control with average of 2A. To make each converter install without significant effect on the performance and the cost, each converter is also built with the goals of being small, lightweight, cost effective, flexible for mounting, maintenance free and highly efficient. At the end, the prototype battery equalisation converters were designed, constructed and tested, and the efficiencies from each converter are measured around 90 ~ 92%. The experimental results show two banks of series connected batteries can be successfully equalised by the designed equaliser. This thesis covers the design, simulation and the construction procedures of this battery equaliser system, and also details on some considerations and possible future improvement that were found during the experimental test.

The Computer On-Line Police System (COPS) is a vehicle registration and ticket management system used at the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) security Department, which was designed by the Naval Computer and Telecommunications Station, San Diego, in 1991. COPS is an inadequate information system (IS) possessing the following weaknesses: severely limited query capabilities, outdated system hardware, software design errors, fimetionality gaps, antiquated graphical user interfaces (GUI), and no computerized data archiving capability. This thesis will try to alleviate these deficiencies. Using the System Development Methodology (SDM), the authors hope to provide NPS, and potentially other Department of Defense (DoD) security forces, with a significantly improved vehicle registration database system. A baseline Assessment of COPS verified that a new IS was necessary. A new IS, called the Law Enforcement and Vehicle Registration Administration System (LEVRAS), was designed, programmed, and developed. The fully operational LEVRAS met all of the requirement specifications, and replaced COPS after a parallel conversion was conducted. Users were trained, and the NPS Security Department accepted the new database system for its daily operations. Fully supporting the LEVRAS lifecycle, maintenance will be performed by the NPS Management Information System (MIS) Department.

The purpose of this thesis was to implement an Model Predictive Control based system identification method on a micro-aerial vehicle (DJI Matrice 100) as outlined in a study performed by ETH Zurich. Through limited test flights, data was obtained that allowed for the generation of first and second order system models. The first order models were robust, but the second order model fell short due to the fact that the data used for the model was not sufficient.

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1990.
Title as it appeared in MIT Graduate list, February 1990: Systems design of a Mars ascent vehicle.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 173-176).
by Scott Alan Geels.
M.S.

ITC/USA 2012 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Eighth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 22-25, 2012 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, California
Surveillance and tracking using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is a growing field and to visually track an object independent of a flight path requires a video transmission and control system. Applications utilizing UAVs to track a stationary or moving target are plentiful, from military to local law enforcement; every application introduces an alternative to placing a human into an aircraft and increases the usefulness over a fixed position recorded video. Here we have introduced a cost effective video tracking system that will provide a constant video transmission, manual control for tracking, and further implement an automatic control system to automatically correct for the UAV's roll and yaw. The video tracking system has been designed to be cost friendly while constrained to be applicable for small UAV applications. We have detailed the successful design of our system that overcomes the imposed constraints in great detail in the sections that follow.

碩士
逢甲大學
資訊電機工程碩士在職專班
95
This thesis studies the planning of the navigation route of Laser Guided Vehicle. The navigation principle states that the Laser scanner on the car will scan these reflectors which are stacked to the wall, and the distances are measured by these reflectors. LGV transports goods by the reflectors as if the ship sails in the sea by beacons. The lasers guide that the localization is corrected continuously in the moving position which could be calculated precisely and the accuracy of positioning is 1.5 centimeters. The laser guided vehicle does not need a fixed track and the route can be modified easily.

碩士
逢甲大學
資訊電機工程碩士在職專班
97
The purpose of this research lies in designing the Automated Guided Vehicle system of magnetic-control guidance. The principle of its navigation is to use magnetic-dots scanner which is installed on the vehicle, and the pre-programmed address magnetic-dots array which are stickered on the ground. Depending on these magnetic-dots navigating and to operate in coordination with the schemed route data in contrast, and then locate where the vehicle real is. Through continual oriented-dots links a line, and gather thousands of lines to the whole working space, finally achieving the navigation of Automated Guided Vehicle system. After AVG combining with magnetic control device, the deviations of vertical and horizontal direction and the angle between vehicle and targeted article are ≦±3mm and ≦±0.3° respectively. It not only helps to adjust the vehicle’s offset and posture, but also promote the stability and the precision to the assigned point after adopting guiding device inducting system, which records vehicle’s location and posture every 10mm driving distance. The distinguishing features of this system are as below:(1) Using magnetic-dots array building routes---it is more convenient to change route and shorten time to establish the whole system.(2) The guide sensor makes AGV automatically amend the deviant location after progressing a set-distance.(3) Using visual sensor assures AGV to arrive appointed location with precision.(4) The Gyro sensor controls AGV’s turning fluency and reduces the swing when turning.

碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
電機工程系
88
A vehicle plate recognition system is expected to have numerous applications, such as building automation and security, electric payment toll-gate, parking lot management, and etc. In this paper, we have developed a fast and effective vehicle plate image recognition system which can automatically locate the position information of a vehicle plate from the source image. According to the position information, we can process the image locally, and then extract the characters on vehicle plate and finally recognize them. The vehicle plate recognition system can be divided into three phases: (1)pre-processing; (2)vehicle plate locating and characters extracting; (3) the vehicle plate characters recognition. In pre-processing, we process our source image with the compensation of interlaced phenomenon, gray scaling, bi-level quantization and noise cancellation. In the part of vehicle plate located and character extracting, we locate the position of a vehicle plate by using the “crossing” information of the vehicle plate characters in horizontal direction; furthermore we extract those characters image by the histogram of the local image. In the recognition part, we have built a weighting matrix from the matching patterns with their statistic property. We can count the weighting sum to recognize those characters to get the correct vehicle identification number. Our vehicle plate recognition system is experimented with 185 car images via a PC with 300 MHz CPU and 128 MB RAM. The recognition rate is 91.4 and the average processing time is 1.45 sec.

碩士
明志科技大學
電機工程系碩士班
102
This thesis is based on the Advanced Vehicle Safety, there is proposed two kinds of Collision Avoidance Systems ,Forward and Rearward Collision Avoidance Systems is for detecting the relative velocity and distance between the reference vehicle and estimated vehicle; the Side Impact Prevention is for estimating the velocity and distance of the vehicle on the adjacent lane before switching lanes, then determining the condition to switch lanes, and driver will get the proposed velocity of switching lanes by system. Both of systems,which are prevented the impacted accident when the vehicle is driving, using the doppler effect with the antennas system to achieve two different types of the collision avoidance systems, and verification the system by simulation way to increase safty on transportation.

碩士
國立屏東科技大學
車輛工程系所
104
The topic of this research is to develop a vehicle dynamics estimation and information system. A tiltable vehicle can be tilted its body by driver to create an anti-rollover torque in high speed cornering maneuvers. However, if the driver is not skillful enough, it will take the risk of rollover because of over-tilting operations. Thus a vehicle body posture estimation system could be useful for developing rollover alarming system for the vehicle. Nowadays, the common used low-cost sensors for estimating vehicle body dynamics are the 9-axes sensor that provide angular speeds, accelerations, and magnetism on the x-, y, and z-axis. This research is focused on utilizing a low-cost nine-axes sensor to develop the vehicle dynamics estimation and information system. In order to apply such a sensor to determine vehicle posture on-line, a series of techniques should be studied to estimate the body angles on the 3 axes, such as the Quaternion, Butterworth filter, and Mahony complementary filter for error modification. The objective is to obtain high accuracy vehicle dynamic posture estimations under high noise conditions. The main results of this research was a micro-processor-based information system with capability of measuring, estimating and displaying vehicle dynamics information. This system was equipped on a three-wheeled tiltable motorcycle to verify its performance. The test results are as follows. For the S-pattern drive tests, all the measurement errors showed Gaussian distribution. The roll angle was with an average measurement error of -0.257 and a standard deviation of 1.7063 in degree, while the yaw angle was with an average measurement error of 2.5071 and a standard deviation of 3.1864. As for the Constant radius cornering drive tests, the measurement errors also showed Gaussian distribution. The roll angle was with an average measurement error of -0.2914 and a standard deviation of 3.8346 in degree, finally, the yaw angle was with an average measurement error of -3.9687 and a standard deviation of 3.1864. all these results have shown the feasibility of the estimating system. Besides parameter estimating, a UI interface was also established in the controller, which could communicate with cell phones through Bluetooth to display vehicle dynamic posture using posture picture, and storage the recorded data on-line .

碩士
國立雲林科技大學
電子工程系
103
As the technology progresses rapidly in recent years, vehicles become popular and the safety systems for automotive applications are the developing products by each automakers in the world. However, most sensors set on the forward and on the back of vehicles are often radar, laser, or GPS. Such high-cost sensors can be combined only with high-level vehicles, which is unaffordable for ordinary people. To reduce costs and increase the detection accuracy, this paper applies cameras as sensors on the forward and on the back of vehicles, which is low-cost and is unaffected by the environment and the weather. In addition, the positions of the vehicles in the forward and in the back can be obtained with human vision and be converted into actual distance. This paper proposes an omnidirectional algorithm for collision avoidance systems, which includes seven parts: the lane detection, the curve detection, the lane departure warning system, the solid and dotted line detection, the road luminance detection, the vehicle detection, and the distance conversion. The lane detection algorithm can detect the information of the main lane line and the lane lines of both sides accurately, which can provide information for the lane departure warning system to determine if the vehicle departs from the lane currently. The road luminance detection algorithm can detect immediate road condition information effectively and can be combined with the vehicle detection algorithm to detect vehicle features, which can find the information of the vehicles in the forward and in the back, and can estimate the distance between the vehicle and the vehicles in the forward and in the back without the influence of the weather. Finally, the system alerts drivers with warning sounds, which is a driving safety warning system.

碩士
國防大學中正理工學院
兵器系統工程研究所
91
This thesis presents a systematic study of the system dynamic of rail vehicle . The study combining the mechanical dynamics animation and analysis, ride comfort analysis, the car body’s structure dynamic stress analysis and the fatigue analysis. Discussing the different conditions of the tests designed to evaluate passenger ride comfort. For evaluate ride comfort, this thesis use the following methods. ISO-2631, ISO10056, UIC513, UIC518, and the Sperling ride index. After finish the full rail vehicle (include rail, car body, bogies, wheel sets, etc.) dynamic simulation, we could get the vehicle’s dynamic behaviors to evaluate ride comfort and the others analysis. For example, the acceleration histories for evaluate ride comfort, and accelerations or constrain forces histories for IC and load inputs in finite element analysis. The ride comfort evaluates show that ride quality become worse in following conditions. For example, increasing the running speed, adding more load on railcar, and adjust the bogie’s primary suspension stiffness more stiffen. The finite element analysis results show the stress and displacement distributions of car body structure. At the corner of windows or doors and the bolster have higher values of stress. Finally, the fatigue life analysis shows that the car body structure design and materials is in safety range.

碩士
國立交通大學
電控工程研究所
105
Due to the highly frequent car accidents, the focus on vehicle handling stability has attracted lots of experts and scholars' attention to conduct relative researches, including vehicle dynamic analysis and stability control and so on. In this thesis the vehicle dynamic equations are deduced in detail, and the bifurcation theory is used to find the bifurcation point of the system by using Mathematica. Besides, using AUTO to simulate the stability of the vehicle when turning the front wheel in different aspect ratio and speed. Finally, by using remote control cars to verify the simulation results of AUTO is consistent with the real scenario.

碩士
明志科技大學
電子工程系碩士班
102
Driving behavior assessment is a main issue for traffic safety; especially driver fatigue is a significant risk factor in public transportation. In this thesis, the recent researches of driving fatigue monitoring are introduced, the overall principles are explained, and the implementation of driver fatigue monitoring is practiced. First, we use Viola-Jones or integral projection to detect eyes. In the last, based on Percentage of Eyelid Closure over the Pupil over Time (PERCLOS) drowsiness metric was established, the detection system can determine whether the driver is in a fatigued state or not. If yes, the buzzer will sound off to alert the driver. According to the manner described above, we first use the MATLAB / Simulink development program and assessment methods to design and implement the whole system. For real-time application, a TI DM6437 platform is integrated with peripheral devices to realize the driving fatigue monitoring system. Due to computing complexity and efficiency, only the integral projection method was deployed in the DSP platform. The experimental results show that the system in real-time measures is not subject to weather restrictions and can determine whether the driver is exhibiting fatigue-driving behavior or not without contacting the human body.

碩士
中國文化大學
機械工程學系數位機電碩士班
106
Smart cars or wheeled robots will replace people in various places and face a variety of different things. Now that we have become automated, we will be able to reduce manpower demand and quantity, only through regular maintenance and troubleshooting. . In the future, smart cars will have more variability, but the tracking system of smart cars is very important. There is no tracker that can be widely adapted to all equipment in the world. A variety of methods for different trackers will appear better in the tracking process depending on the environment, and are particularly prone to failure. However, there are some disadvantages such as the hardness and wear of the mechanism. In order to solve these problems, many studies have been conducted in recent years to apply various methods in the field. In this dissertation, an inverse pass fuzzy controller is designed to be used in collision avoidance system of electric vehicles. In the controller, the fuzzy sliding surface is used as the input language parameter. First, the fuzzy sliding surface is established, and then the output membership function value is adjusted by the inverse transfer law. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, the simulation study was carried out using Matlab, and experiments were performed on the autobot platform. From the simulation and experimental results, the smart car has a good real-time tracking capability.

碩士
國立臺灣師範大學
資訊工程研究所
97
In this thesis, an automatic stolen vehicle detection system is proposed. This system is composed of a PC-based host computer, a color CCD camera, a GPS device, and a communication unit. A license plate recognition (LPR) program and a database of stolen license numbers have been installed in the computer. The CCD camera captures images as the input data to the LPR program. Once an input license number is recognized as belonging to a stolen vehicle through comparing with those pre-stored in the database, the license number, GPS information, and image of the vehicle are immediately transmitted to a control center through the communication unit. The license plate recognition program plays an important role in the proposed system, which consists of two modules: the license plate location and the license number identification modules. In the license plate location module, the total variation method is first applied to the input image for normalizing its illumination. Thereafter, a color edge detector looks for in the resultant images particular edges that may be related to license plates. Morphology operations are then applied to the edge image, which highlight the image areas that may contain license plates. Only the areas whose aspect ratios agree with that of license plates are preserved. In the license number identification module, for each license plate candidate, character segmentation is performed, followed by a skewness correction process, which normalizes the shapes of segmented characters. In the final step, characters are recognized to accomplish the license number identification. A series of outdoor experiments have been conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed system.

碩士
國立交通大學
資訊學院資訊學程
107
This study conducts a vehicle potential risk notification system which incorporates on-Board Diagnostic, OBD, global positioning system, GPS and wireless Wi-Fi systems to monitor and compile frequency of violation on Linux operating system. This system also diagnoses the vehicle dynamic information including engine temperature, speed and trouble codes; moreover, it transmits the information to self-driving cars on the same section of road by wireless network. Results from on the road experiment, installing this appliance on the vehicle would transmit the risk information efficiently. If risk events such as malfunction or violation occur, The system transfer the information to the self-driving car, and improve the perception of self-driving cars.

碩士
國立中央大學
資訊工程研究所
93
In the recent years, the study on safe driving becomes more and more important. To aid the safe driving, we use a camera mounted on a vehicle to capture road scenes for detecting preceding vehicles. The proposed system consists of three parts. In the first part, we use horizontal edge and underneath shadow of a possible preceding vehicle to locate the vehicle. We then use the vertical edge and symmetry property to detect the vehicle. Finally, we represent the possible vehicle by a detected box. In the second part, we use the lane width, vehicle width, symmetry, and color variance of pixels in the detected box to verify the vehicle. In the third part, we track and search vehicles in a narrow area. The first and third parts are independently executed following by the second part. That is we detect or track a preceding vehicle based on the current situation, then verify the detected or tracked objects. In the experiments, the proposed detector is evaluated on several different weather conditions such as sunny day, misty day, dusky day, cloudy day, and rainy day. From the experimental results, we find that the proposed approach can robustly and accurately detect or track the preceding vehicles in real time.

碩士
國立臺灣海洋大學
電機工程學系
102
Due to the quick development of IOV(Internet of Vehicles) in recent years, that establishes a closer relationship with unrelated systems and devices. Therefore, the basic function of vehicle terminal was growing stronger and diversified development. In the past, these seem like a spectacularly difficult task, but with today's technology may be able to do it and become more widespread.The pluralistic development of the IOV must with some moral restrictions. The vehicle terminal diversification can also affect on products quality and function. Therefore, cooperate with industry, understanding China for communications networking technology for IOV, to designate the related agreement, norms and certification. Outset of the present paper then is the penetration understood and analyzes the actual vehicle machine examination authentication process to develop the system, and can simulate it to authenticate the platform project is the main axle, several of these for positioning accuracy increased, driving record, message, message deletion, phone dialer, audio capture, video data can be sent and received. Device the research and vehicle communication using TCP/IP protocol, through the transmission of the packet Stream Socket communication technology, in addition to packet format shall comply with JT-T808, JT-T794, GB-T19056 .. Protocol specification,if no reference to cause examination mistake. Through the realization of simulation system to help Taiwanese companies more efficient in-vehicle device certification.

碩士
元智大學
電機工程學系
104
This paper develops a Image-based Vehicle Rear Warning System, the Image-based Vehicle Rear Warning System consists of three main components: lane image tracking, vehicle image recognition and blind spot detection. Lane image tracing to lane Hough Transform find images; Vehicle image recognition aspect of the vehicle to AdaBoost training Haar-like features into a strong classifier, reached after vehicle image quickly identify with Cascade classifiers architecture; blind spot detection, after the vehicle image enter the set warning distance, determining the distance between the front and rear of the vehicle. In image processing, image processing using OpenCV library to develop programs, and C / C ++ programming Visual Studio 2010 software under the direct call OpenCV function.