Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Variation géométrique"
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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Variation géométrique"
Galland, M. "Le premier peuplement des Amériques : application de la morphométrie géométrique 3D à la variation crânienne actuelle et fossile". BMSAP 27, n.º 3-4 (4 de setembro de 2015): 189–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13219-015-0134-5.
Texto completo da fonteAris, Abdelkader, Ahmed Guessab e Medjahed Driss Meddah. "Intensification des échanges de chaleur dans les dissipateurs de microordinateurs". MATEC Web of Conferences 261 (2019): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926103002.
Texto completo da fontePiracci, Antonio. "Evaluation instrumentale de la couleur". OENO One 28, n.º 3 (30 de setembro de 1994): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.1994.28.3.1145.
Texto completo da fonteHosseingholian, Mohsen, Daniel Levacher e Matoren Khay. "Mesure en continu de la raideur dynamique d’une voie ferrée". Canadian Geotechnical Journal 48, n.º 3 (março de 2011): 439–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t11-003.
Texto completo da fonteOladele, O. A., e C. O. Onwuka. "Evaluation sur le terrain du transfert des anticorps maternels contre l'encéphalomyélite aviaire dans des élevages de poulets du sud-ouest du Nigeria". Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 66, n.º 2 (1 de fevereiro de 2013): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.10140.
Texto completo da fonteThomasset, Claude Alexandre. "BABEL : VARIATIONS SUR LA SPIRALE". Trictrac 8, n.º 1 (10 de outubro de 2016): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/1996-7330/1725.
Texto completo da fonteFerraz, Antonio. "DÉTECTION À HAUTE RÉSOLUTION SPATIALE DE LA DESSERTE FORESTIÈRE EN MILIEU MONTAGNEUX". Revue Française de Photogrammétrie et de Télédétection 1, n.º 211-212 (6 de dezembro de 2015): 103–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.52638/rfpt.2015.549.
Texto completo da fonteDouady, Régine. "Géométrie, graphiques, fonctions au collège". Revista Electrónica de Investigación en Educación en Ciencias 6, n.º 1 (15 de outubro de 2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.54343/reiec.v6i1.69.
Texto completo da fonteDepraz, Natalie. "Écriture et référence fictionnelle de l’expérience vécue". Revue germanique internationale 40 (2024): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/12si6.
Texto completo da fonteDucros, Antoine. "Variation de la dimension relative en géométrie analytique p-adique". Compositio Mathematica 143, n.º 6 (novembro de 2007): 1511–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/s0010437x07003193.
Texto completo da fonteTeses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Variation géométrique"
Mille, Tiphaine. "Sources de variation intra-populationnelle de la morphologie des otolithes : asymétrie directionnelle et régime alimentaire". Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10200/document.
Texto completo da fonteOtoliths are calcified structures located in Osteichthyes’ inner ear that are involved in audition and balance. Their morphology is used as an indicator of various ecological processes or properties. This application requires identifying the endogenous and exogenous factors that act simultaneously as sources of shape variation. This thesis aims at detecting and quantifying the relative contributions of directional asymmetry and diet to otolith shape variation at the intra-population level. Directional asymmetry between left and right otoliths was found in flat-fishes, the blind-side otolith being always longer and larger, whereas it was negligible in round-fishes. However, asymmetry amplitude never exceeded 18%, which suggests evolutionary canalization of otolith shape symmetry. A correlation between global diet and otolith was detected in 4 species studied in situ. Diet composition contributed more than food amount to morphological variation and affected otolith shape both globally and locally. An experimental study on sea bass (Dicentrarchus larbrax) showed that diet composition in terms of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids at larval stage affects otolith morphogenesis during juvenile stage without impacting on individuals’ somatic growth. This result suggests a direct effect of diet on otolith shape and not an indirect one through the somatic-otolith growth relationship. This effect disappeared at later stages, morphogenetic trajectories converging back to a similar shape, which suggests ontogenetic canalization of otolith shape
Restrepo, García Carlos Andrés. "Intégration du comportement mécanique des éléments non idéaux en analyse de tolérances par des polyèdres prismatiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0263.
Texto completo da fonteThe architectures of new products are more complex nowadays due to the need of the marketfor customized and optimized products, the technological advancements in manufacturingmachines and inspection devices, and the extensive use of data in the product’s modelingand simulation. The evolution of manufacturing processes and the advanced measurementcapabilities in response to the market needs do not translate immediately into more accurateproducts. Actually, there is a limited consideration of geometric defects and variability inthe design process, this is partially due to the limitations of the mathematical models andtheir underlying hypothesis. The first contribution of this work is on the characterizationof the geometric variability in tolerancing. The first part of this work concerns the shaperepresentation models and specifically the adoption of the skin model shapes paradigm inthe tolerance management context using the polyhedral-based method. The skin modelinstances are more representative of individual real parts than the traditional CAD models.To simulate more realistic behavior of assemblies, the second part presents a novel approachfor simulation of rigid contact using polyhedra is presented. The approach integrates the loadboundary conditions that allow the contact between matting features by enriching the defintion of a prismatic polyhedron operand for contact simulation. With this enriched approachan objective quantification of the impact of disregarding form defects for a given mechanismcan be computed given a loading condition. An approach for simulating features potentiallyin contact by taking into account the local deformations of potentially contacting parts hasalso been developed for the polyhedral method in tolerancing. Finally, the algorithms for thecontact simulation and the generator of realistic shape representatives were implemented inan open source CAD compatible software
Galland, Manon. "Le premier peuplement des Amériques : application de la morphométrie géométrique 3D à la variation crânienne actuelle et fossile". Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MNHN0022.
Texto completo da fonteThe arrival of modern humans in the New World remains subject to numerous research issues regarding the origin, timing, possible route(s) taken, as well as the number of migration waves that contributed to the biological diversity of Native Americans. At the core of this debate lie geographic and diachronic patterns of cranial variation and their interpretation as either supporting (i) two migration waves, (ii) a single wave followed by local diversification and/or recurrent gene flow. This study applies 3D geometric morphometrics and a population genetics framework to a large sample consisting of 89 fossils and 889 modern human specimens from the Americas, Asia, Australo-Melanesia and Polynesia. Several approaches have been taken: (i) We analyzed cranial and neurocranial shape and the influence of chrono-geographic, environmental, climatic and linguistic parameters; (ii) we investigated the use of sliding semilandmarks to study within- and between-population differences; (iii) we tested hypotheses about the peopling by defining specific models and by statistically assessing how well they fit our data, while accounting for various microevolutionary processes. Our results demonstrate significant cranial variability both in time and space, and they show that most of this variance can be explained through regional factors rather than resulting from chronological or environmental factors. Our morphometric data best fit single major wave scenario, followed by local microevolutionary processes, notably in Baja California. Our results can also be seen as in support of recurrent gene flow in subarctic regions, as well as a late arrival in the extreme northern part of the continent, but they also confirm that the populations of this region have been greatly impacted by adaption to a cold climate
Souquet, Louise. "Etude des patrons de variation intraspécifique et de covariation chez les éléments conodontes". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEN083/document.
Texto completo da fonteEvolution is the result of two main factors: the environment and the development. In this context, untangling the impact of these two forces on the morphological evolution of a structure is of major importance. To do so, studying evolution in deep time is useful, as it is the only way to observe the mechanisms in action over a long time interval and the responses to major environmental variations. In this thesis, we aim to better understand the evolution of a fossil species: the conodont. These marine jawless vertebrates possess a feeding apparatus composed of mineralized structures comparable to teeth, called conodont elements. Their high evolutionary rate, their long and sub-continuous fossil record, and their large populations made them a relevant model to conduct evolutionary studies in deep time. In the literature, only a few studies attempt to quantify the shape of conodont elements, and never in a developmental framework. With the discovery of new exceptionally preserved fossils, and the establishment of a methodology to quantify the patterns of morphological variation and covariations in these elements, the morphological evolution of conodont elements have been studied from different angles. We have established the existence of covariations between some morphological characters, illustrating the constraints on possible morphologies. Some constraints are considered developmental, while others are potentially mechanical. Evolutionary directions are highlighted, channelled by developmental constraints. At the inter-genera scale, we demonstrated a relationship between environmental changes (especially temperature variations) and these evolutionary directions. The results revealed a combined effect of the developmental forces (that constrain the initial possible morphologies) and the evolutionary forces (selecting the fittest morphologies depending on conditions) in the conodont elements evolution. We proposed heterochrony as underlying mechanism for these patterns, potentially driven by oceanic temperature. Shape quantification is also used in an attempt to clarify the neogondolellids taxonomy of the early Triassic. This work demonstrates the conodont's potential as model organism to study evolution in deep time
Albessard, Lou. "Co-variation morphologique du crâne et de l'endocrâne au cours de l'évolution du genre Homo". Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MNHN0024.
Texto completo da fonteSpecies of the genus Homo display cranial and endocranial morphological variations, with complex interactions between these two elements. Generally speaking, throughout the evolution of this taxon the neurocranium becomes increasingly important by comparison with the facial skeleton, due to a marked cerebral expansion. The modalities of this expansion differ accross species and occur at least partly through species-specific morphological processes. Apart from the increase in cerebral volume, the endocast bears the traces of neuroanatomical reorganisations. These two factors – volume and organisation – as well as various morpho-functional constraints on the external face of the cranium, may result in a variety of morphological and spacial relationships between the neurocranium and the endocranium. It is therefore important to document these relations in order to better apprehend the variability and the evolutionary mechanisms behind the morphologies of the different Homo species.This doctoral thesis explores the joint morphological variations of the neurocranium and endocast in the genus Homo and within Homo sapiens through multiple approaches. We offer a contribution to this topic based on shape analyses of virtual crania and endocasts, using geometric morphometrics and an innovative technique of surface deformations. We analysed morphological data from extant populations in order to clarify the nature of the relationship between the neurocranium and the endocast in Homo sapiens. One of the lines of evidence investigated is the correspondence between neurocranial and endocranial (and therefore cerebral) gross asymmetries. Our results show that the patterns of bilateral asymmetries of the neurocranium are identical to those of the endocranium. There is a close correspondance between the morphologies of the endocranial and cranial vaults, despite the neurocranium not displaying the full extent of cerebral asymmetries on its external vault. Correlations between asymmetry and factors including sex, endocranial volume and importance of the bony superstructures were also tested. Co-variation patterns between neurocranial and endocranial morphologies in the genus Homo were analysed. Our results highlight elements of co-variation between the neuro and endocranium which are shared accross the genus Homo, and others which are species-specific. While the cranial vault closely follows endocranial morphology, interaction patterns between the endo and neurocranium in the occipito-cerebellar area appear more variable and linked to the overall degree of globularisation of the brain and neurocranium. These results highlight some of the interactions between cerebral reorganisations and cranial morphology in Homo species, and underline the importance of crossing data and methods in order to interpret the fossil record
Labourie, Camille. "Limites d'ensembles quasiminimaux et existence d'ensembles minimaux sous contraintes topologiques". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS008.
Texto completo da fonteIn the nineteenth century, Joseph Plateau described the geometrical disposition of soap films. Their shape is explained by their tendency to minimize their area to a reach an equilibrium. Mathematicians have abstracted the concept of "surface with minimal area spanning a boundary" and have named the corresponding minimization problem, "Plateau problem". It has different formulations corresponding to as many ways of defining the class of "surfaces spanning a given boundary" and the "area" to minimize. In this thesis, we generalize to quasiminimizing sequences, the weak limit of minimizing sequences introduced by De Lellis, De Philippis, De Rosa, Ghiraldin and Maggi. We show that a weak limit of quasiminimal sets is quasiminimal. This result is analogous to the limiting theorem of David for the local Hausdorff convergence. Our proof is inspired by David's one while being simpler. We deduce a direct method to prove existence of solutions to various Plateau problem, even with a free boundary. We apply it then to two variants of the Reifenberg problem (fixed or free boundary) for all coefficient groups. Furthermore, we propose a structure to build Federer-Fleming projections as well as a new estimate on the choice of projection centers
Fraimout, Antoine. "Evolution de la variation génétique et phénotypique au cours d'une invasion : le cas de Drosophila suzukii". Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MNHN0019.
Texto completo da fonteBiological invasions are a component of global change and have dramatic effects on ecosystems, agrosystems and human health. Nonetheless, these peculiar biological processes offer a great opportunity for the study of rapid phenotypic and genetic evolution, at an ecological timescale. Biological invasions often involve environmental and demographic constraints on populations, as well as strong effects of selection and drift. However, these species are among the most successful colonialists in nature, and their ability to respond to these constraints is remarkable. The evolutionary and adaptive potential of invasive populations have been proposed as facilitating factors of the success of invasions. Processes of genetic (i.e. changes in allele frequencies) and plastic (i.e. adjustment to environmental fluctuation through phenotypic plasticity) involved in the success of biological invasions are at the center of modern evolutionary biology. Here, we use the recent spread of the spotted-wing Drosophila suzukii to study the underlying mechanisms of response to selection potentially involved in the success of this global invasion. Analyzing patterns of neutral genetic variation allowed us to decipher the complex history of this worldwide invasion, and subsequently evaluate phenotypic divergence and evolution of quantitative genetic variation among ancestral and derived populations. We thus estimated the effects of selection and drift throughout this invasion and discuss their importance regarding the evolution of wing shape in this species. Finally, experimental protocols on the analysis of phenotypic plasticity as well as Species Distribution Modeling methods allowed us to discuss the influence of environmental fluctuations on the success of this invasion
Ressayre, Nicolas. "Variations de quotients géométriques et applications". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10184.
Texto completo da fonteLang, Iris. "Variabilité génétique et phénotypique de deux espèces invasives : patrons, déterminants et implications pour le fonctionnement des écosystèmes dulçaquicoles". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30216.
Texto completo da fonteIntraspecific variability is now recognized for its importance on ecosystem functioning. In the context of biological invasions, which can strongly impact ecological processes, it is of high importance to understand the determinants and the patterns of genetic and phenotypic variability to fully apprehend the consequences of invasive individuals on recipient ecosystems. We demonstrated a high variability among and within populations of two crayfish species, Procambarus clarkii and Faxonius limosus, with distinct life-history traits and colonization histories in a narrow-invaded area. We highlighted that colonization history and environmental conditions were the main drivers of the contrasting patterns of genetic and phenotypic variability between the two species. Genetic analyses provided a great inference of local invasion pathways for P. clarkii, which had a great genetic variability, compared to F. limosus for which the local invasion pathways were more cryptic. We found that neutral and adaptive processes shaped the phenotypic variability of the two species in differing proportions. Then, we demonstrated the existence of a stable resource polymorphism along the benthic littoral-pelagic axis within populations of P. clarkii, suggesting that invaders could have contrasting impacts on ecosystem functioning between littoral and pelagic trophic chains. Finally, in an experiment context using a multi-traits approach, we demonstrated that the structure of trait covariations differed between species in a sympatric population, suggesting that P. clarkii impacts would be more predictable than F. limosus, and that P. clarkii could affect a higher range of ecological processes or impact the ecosystem functioning with a greater intensity than F. limosus. Overall, our findings stress the need to integrate intraspecific variability in the context of biological invasions to better understand their impacts on ecosystem functioning
Elharfaoui, Echarif. "La convergence faible des U-statistiques multivariées pour des processus non stationnaires dépendants". Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30144.
Texto completo da fonteLivros sobre o assunto "Variation géométrique"
Michel, Pierre, ed. Variation et optimisation de formes: Une analyse géométrique. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteFederer, Herbert. Geometric measure theory. Berlin: Springer, 1996.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteOntario. Esquisse de cours 12e année: Géométrie et mathématiques discrètes mga4u cours préuniversitaire. Vanier, Ont: CFORP, 2002.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteHildebrandt, Stefan. Mathematics and optimal form. New York: Scientific American Library, 1985.
Encontre o texto completo da fontePierre, Michel, e Antoine Henrot. Variation et optimisation de formes: Une analyse géométrique (Mathématiques et Applications). Springer, 2007.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteRectifiable sets, densities and tangent measures. Zurich, Switzerland: European Mathematical Society, 2008.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteAtkins, P. W. Second Law: Energy, Chaos, and Form. W.H. Freeman & Company, 1994.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteCapítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Variation géométrique"
"Propriétés géométriques de l’optimum". In Variation et optimisation de formes, 233–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-37689-5_6.
Texto completo da fonte"Représentation textuelle et représentation géométrique du temps: le présent est-il un temps du passé?" In Variations sur la référence verbale, 137–61. BRILL, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004484375_009.
Texto completo da fonteCAYOL, Valérie, Aline PELTIER, Jean-Luc FROGER e François BEAUDUCEL. "La surveillance de la déformation des volcans". In Aléas et surveillance de l’activité volcanique 2, 103–76. ISTE Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9045.ch2.
Texto completo da fontePaté, Arthur. "APPROCHE DE LA GUITARE ÉLECTRIQUE SOLID BODY PAR L’ACOUSTIQUE". In Quand la guitare [s']électrise!, 99–113. Sorbonne Université Presses, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.70551/lwts4713.
Texto completo da fonte