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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Urbanization – social aspects – great britain"

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Brown, Callum G. "Did urbanization secularize Britain?" Urban History 15 (maio de 1988): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926800013882.

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There are few issues in British history about which so much unsubstantiated assertion has been written as the adverse impact of industrial urbanization upon popular religiosity. Urban history undergraduates are plied each year with the well-worn secularizing interpretation of urban growth which emanated with the Victorians (mostly churchmen) and which has since been reassembled by modern investigators in forms suitable for digestion in ecclesiastical history, social history (Marxist and non-Marxist), historical sociology, and historical geography. This ‘pessimist’ school of thought has reigned virtually unchallenged since the nineteenth century, giving rise in its endless repetition to simplistic historiographical myths. Arguably, systematic inquiry has suffered because modern urban society has been regarded as inimical to religion.An important start to disentangling the web of confusion has already been made by Jeff Cox in his admirable but underrated The English Churches in a Secular Society, a study of Lambeth between 1870 and 1930. 'In the first and final chapters of that book, Cox commenced the assault on the ‘pessimist’ school, pointing out in necessarily blunt language the illogicality and empirical weakness in the arguments of many historians and sociologists of religion. That book should have a reserved space on every reading list dealing with this issue. The present article attempts to expand on what might be called the ‘optimist’ school of thought concerning the impact of urbanization upon religion: that the churches survived urbanization in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. While Cox adduced from his research on the 1870–930 period that the great decline of the churches had not occurred before then, the following pages shift the focus to a reassessment of of the evidence on the preceding 100 years.
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Тетяна Коляда. "SOCIAL CONDITIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SECONDARY EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN". Social work and social education, n.º 5 (23 de dezembro de 2020): 179–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31499/2618-0715.5.2020.220814.

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The article considers the social conditions for the development of secondary education in Great Britain (XIX – first half of the XX century). It was founded that an important factor in the formation of the British education system was the influence of the ruling class of aristocrats (landlords) and the petty nobility. It was founded that education of the majority of the population depended on the area, financial status of the family and religion. It was emphasized that religion played a significant role in the field of mass education. It has been shown that in the early nineteenth century, English society was engulfed in a movement of evangelical revival, as a result of which the Anglican Church could not control all its faithful, unlike the Catholic Church in Europe. It is determined that industrialization, urbanization and democratization have created conditions for social, political and economic transformations that required educated personnel. As a result, a number of laws were passed initiating reforms in primary and secondary education.
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Goldstone, Jack A. "Urbanization, Citizenship, and Economic Growth in the Long Run". International Review of Social History 65, n.º 1 (11 de fevereiro de 2020): 109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859020000048.

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AbstractMaarten Prak argues that urban citizen associations remained vigorous in the West from the Middle Ages through the Industrial Revolution, and that their support for commercial activity helped bring about that Revolution. That is half correct. During the two thousand years from 300 BC to 1750 AD, numerous societies had similar peaks of urbanization, commercial activity, and per capita income (often approaching, but never exceeding, a “peak pre-industrial income” level of roughly $1,900 in 1990 international dollars.) Vigorous urban societies produced repeated episodes of comparably high incomes, not ever-escalating levels of GDP/capita. What produced the breakthrough of the Industrial Revolution was a particular manifestation of urban citizenship that occurred only in Great Britain – the victory of Parliament over royal authority creating exceptional religious and intellectual freedom and institutionalized pluralism. This was not common to urbanized, commercial societies except in rare periods; only in Britain did urban associations and culture blend with scientific culture, producing a broad surge of scientific and technical activity that overcame the prior limits on organic societies.
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An, Xiaowei, Ying Li, Lunyan Wang, Guanghua Dong, Boxin Dai e Mengxuan Liang. "The Spatial and Temporal Distribution of High-Quality Urbanization Development in Yellow River Basin Provinces". Sustainability 14, n.º 16 (19 de agosto de 2022): 10355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141610355.

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The high-quality development of urbanization is strategically important for the sustainable economic and social development in the Yellow River Basin. It is necessary to establish a system of indicators to evaluate the high-quality development in terms of five aspects: innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing. Spatial autocorrelation, local Moran indices and cluster analysis are used to study the spatial–temporal distribution of high-quality urbanization development in each province. The results indicate that the urbanization level of nine provinces in the Yellow River Basin showed an increasing trend from 2010 to 2018. However, the development of the five dimensions is not balanced. At the same time, the level of high-quality urbanization development in the Yellow River Basin has not shown significant spatial clustering characteristics and has not formed a good interactive relationship and aggregation effects. It is of great practical importance to promote the coordinated development of urbanization and the high quality of urbanization. The problems existing in the current development are found, and effective measures are proposed to make the urbanization development adapt to the economic and social development.
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Wang, Jiaxi. "The Impact of Digital Economy on New Urbanization in Shanxi Province". Journal of Applied Economics and Policy Studies 1, n.º 1 (25 de outubro de 2023): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2977-5701/1/2023003.

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In recent years, the digital economy has increasingly become a significant driver of economic growth in China, with its tremendous potential affecting various aspects of the country's economic and social sectors. Shanxi Province is renowned for being a resource-based coal city in China and is currently in a critical period of developing new urbanization. Investigating whether the development of the digital economy in Shanxi Province positively influences new urbanization is of great importance for regional development. This study utilizes panel data from 11 prefecture-level cities in Shanxi Province from 2004 to 2017 and constructs a comprehensive indicator system for new urbanization, including economic urbanization, social urbanization, spatial urbanization, and population urbanization. The study calculates the comprehensive index of new urbanization in Shanxi Province and the level of the digital economy in Shanxi Province using the entropy weight method. Based on these indicators, a fixed-effects panel data regression model is established to quantitatively examine the impact of the digital economy's development level on the construction of new urbanization in Shanxi Province. The study reveals that (1) the regional development level of the digital economy in Shanxi Province has a significant positive promotion effect on new urbanization. (2) Regional government intervention in Shanxi Province plays a strong positive guiding role in the development of new urbanization. (3) The enhancement of the comprehensive economic strength of Shanxi Province significantly affects new urbanization construction, but the effect is not substantial.
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Zhou, Qiuxia, e Changfeng Tong. "Does Rapid Urbanization Improve Green Water-Use Efficiency? Based on the Investigation of Guangdong Province, China". Sustainability 14, n.º 12 (19 de junho de 2022): 7481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14127481.

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The green water-use efficiency considers the undesired output of water pollution discharge as well as desirable output, pursuing the unification of economic and ecological benefit. In recent years, China has been undergoing a process of rapid urbanization and a dramatic change in the water utilization pattern, while the water pollution discharge is becoming more obvious. Taking Guangdong Province as an example, the largest economy and urbanization pilot area, exploring the impact of different aspects of rapid urbanization on green water-use efficiency is of great significance for promoting new-type urbanization and green development. This study adopts the super efficiency slack-based model (SE-SBM) considering undesirable output to measure the green water-use efficiency of each city in Guangdong Province. On this basis, mixed panel, random panel, and fixed panel models are used to explore the relationship between industrial urbanization, population urbanization, land urbanization, social urbanization, and urban-rural integration on green water-use efficiency. The results reveal that Guangdong’s green water-use efficiency follows a low upward trend. The green water-use efficiency of the Pearl River Delta has improved rapidly, while other regions are maintained at a low level, so regional disparities are also widening. Industrial urbanization and land urbanization have a significant positive effect on green water-use efficiency, while social urbanization and urban-rural integration have a significant negative effect. The effect of population urbanization on the efficiency is not significant. The construction of new-type urbanization should be accelerated, the green transformation and upgrading of industries should be guided, and the urbanization of agricultural migrants should be promoted. It is necessary to rationally plan and utilize urban land resources and comprehensively improve urban functions and livability.
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Espinoza, Francisco, Alys Young e Claire Dodds. "Political participation among deaf youth in Great Britain". PLOS ONE 19, n.º 4 (4 de abril de 2024): e0301053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0301053.

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Variations in political participation are linked to demographic factors, socioeconomic disparities, and cultural-ethnic diversity. Existing research has primarily explored reduced political involvement among individuals with disabilities, particularly in electoral politics. However, little research has attended the involvement of deaf people specifically. This is of interest because deaf youth are at an intersection of disability, language and cultural identity with their language affiliations and rejection or acceptance of disability evolving through childhood. This study draws from original data collected via an online survey, comprising 163 deaf young respondents aged 16-19 in Great Britain. We compare their levels of political participation with those of general population peers to explore how sociodemographic factors, alongside variations in self-identification as deaf, and meaningful interactions with other deaf people contribute to explain their political engagement. The results challenge conventional wisdom by demonstrating that deaf youth participate more actively in politics than their hearing peers in various forms of political involvement, including collective, contact, and institutional activism. We also recognize differences among deaf youth and propose that social aspects of identity formation, particularly embracing a deaf identity and having deaf friends, can boost certain forms of political engagement. In summary, this study underscores the importance of acknowledging the diversity of deaf youth in terms of affiliation with various forms of deaf identity, rendering their experience different from both disabled and hearing youth. By identifying the factors driving heightened political participation, policymakers and advocates can develop strategies to enhance political engagement among all young people, regardless of their hearing status.
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Balina, T. A., A. A. Balina, S. E. Gasumova e T. D. Popkova. "FEATURES OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN RUSSIA, GREAT BRITAIN AND CHINA". Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Biology. Earth Sciences 30, n.º 2 (30 de julho de 2020): 231–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9518-2020-30-2-231-243.

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The state youth policy requires deep study and justification by representatives of social sciences, including sociology and socio-economic geography, which allows us to synthesize various methods of studying society and its well-being. Social geography, having a spatial approach, allows us to determine the territorial features of the course of social phenomena, to identify cause-and-effect relationships between them, to study the general and specific features of the development of territorial communities and population strata. Using the example of Great Britain, China and Russia, the current social problems of young people in countries with different types of socio-economic development are revealed through a comparative analysis of socio-demographic processes. In the context of concepts of well-being, the article considers various aspects of social dependency as a new and little-studied phenomenon. It is revealed that the UK, which implements the liberal principle of public welfare policy, has extensive experience in social work with young people, and the pioneering research of NEET-youth is of international significance. In China social dependency has acquired specific forms, which is largely determined by the principle of egalitarianism, the consequences of demographic policy and traditional mentality. The analysis of modern problems of Russian youth has shown that the rejection of the paternalistic model of social protection of the population had a negative impact on the situation of young people. The article analyzes the results of statistical, sociological research, expert evaluation, included interviews, etc., which revealed the social problems of Russian, British and Chinese youth, including the phenomenon of dependency. It was revealed that the study of dependency in the framework of youth policy and social work will help to activate the younger generation, accelerate its inclusion in society, and improve technologies for solving social problems.
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Unwin, Patrick R., e Robert W. Unwin. "Humphry Davy and the Royal Institution of Great Britain". Notes and Records of the Royal Society 63, n.º 1 (28 de julho de 2008): 7–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2008.0010.

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The abortive attempts of Sir Humphry Davy to introduce modest reforms at the Royal Society of London during his Presidency (1820–27) contrast with his (largely unstudied) earlier experience of administration at the Royal Institution of Great Britain (RI). Davy's attempts to combat the systemic weaknesses in governance and funding, and his role in effecting changes at the RI, in association with a core group of reformers, merit consideration. This paper analyses important aspects of the early management and social structure of the RI and examines the inner workings of the institution. It shows how and why the Library, its most valuable financial asset, and its celebrated Laboratory, developed along distinctive lines, each with its own support structures and intra-institutional interests. While acknowledging the roles traditionally ascribed to Count Rumford and Sir Joseph Banks, the paper highlights the contributions of other early patrons such as Thomas Bernard, son of a colonial governor of Massachusetts, and Earl Spencer, a leading European bibliophile and RI President from 1813 to 1825. The promotion of a Bill in Parliament in 1810, designed to transform the RI from a proprietary body politic into a corporation of members, and the subsequent framing of the bye-laws, provided opportunities to establish a more democratic structure of elected committees for the conduct of science.
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Karpo, Vasyl, e Nataliia Nechaieva-Yuriichuk. "Information Component of Disintegration Processes in Spain and Great Britain: the Comparative Aspects". Mediaforum : Analytics, Forecasts, Information Management, n.º 7 (23 de dezembro de 2019): 142–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/mediaforum.2019.7.142-154.

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From ancient times till nowadays information plays a key role in the political processes. The beginning of XXI century demonstrated the transformation of global security from military to information, social etc. aspects. The widening of pandemic demonstrated the weaknesses of contemporary authoritarian states and the power of human-oriented states. During the World War I the theoretical and practical interest toward political manipulation and political propaganda grew definitely. After 1918 the situation developed very fast and political propaganda became the part of political influence. XX century entered into the political history as the millennium of propaganda. The collapse of the USSR and socialist system brought power to new political actors. The global architecture of the world has changed. Former Soviet republic got independence and tried to separate from Russia. And Ukraine was between them. The Revolution of Dignity in Ukraine was the start point for a number of processes in world politics. But the most important was the fact that the role and the place of information as the challenge to world security was reevaluated. The further annexation of Crimea, the attempt to legitimize it by the comparing with the referendums in Scotland and Catalonia demonstrated the willingness of Russian Federation to keep its domination in the world. The main difference between the referendums in Scotland and in Catalonia was the way of Russian interference. In 2014 (Scotland) tried to delegitimised the results of Scottish referendum because they were unacceptable for it. But in 2017 we witness the huge interference of Russian powers in Spain internal affairs, first of all in spreading the independence moods in Catalonia. The main conclusion is that the world has to learn some lessons from Scottish and Catalonia cases and to be ready to new challenges in world politics in a format of information threats.
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Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Urbanization – social aspects – great britain"

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Khalid, Amr. "Aspects of Islam and social coexistence : the case of Britain". Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683357.

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Jordan, Steven Shane. "The Technical Vocational Education Initiative (TVEI) and the making of the enterprise culture". Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40371.

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This thesis is situated in the history of British debates over the relationship of technical and vocational schooling to capitalism. It analyses the impact of 'new vocational' policy initiatives on English education from the 1970s, using an approach termed 'historical ethnography.' Using this methodology, it draws on ethnographic studies of the Technical and Vocational Education Initiative (TVEI) between 1985 and 1992.
My argument is that TVEI represents the most recent manifestation of a long history of educational policies that have systematically produced and ordered the social relations of class in an educational form. In this vein, I argue that the technical and vocational curriculum can be seen as an integral site within the English educational State for the production and formation of class relations within schooling. TVEI, I assert, was central to such a process through its capacity to concert and co-ordinate the social relations and practices of secondary schooling around the concept of enterprise, which acted as an organising device for management/administration, teaching, learning, and most crucially, the formation of individual subjectivities. Understood this way, we can see how TVEI effected reforms that contributed to the formation of clusters of social relations that produced class in new ways.
I show how this process emerged under TVEI through my ethnographic studies of enterprise, school-based management, business studies, and assessment. What each study reveals is how TVEI worked to effect a generalised shift in the culture of schooling away from the post-war social democratic politics of education, to that of a 'managed market' and enterprise culture. In this respect, I argue, TVEI prefigured many of the reforms that were to flow from the Education Reform Act (1988).
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Zadeh, Sophie. "Thinking on fertile ground : a study of social representations of single mothers by sperm donation in the UK". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708877.

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Haynes, Kathryn. "(Sm)othering the self : an analysis of the politics of identity of women accountants in the UK". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14191.

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This thesis examines the politics of identity of women accountants in the UK who are mothers, by exploring the links between working in the accounting profession and the experience of motherhood. It takes a sociological approach to analyse how social, political, cultural and moral forces, in relation to accounting, motherhood and wider society, affect identity, or the self. The accounting profession is arguably a masculine enviromnent into which the accountant is socialised. Motherhood illustrates the tensions between an essentialist and a non-essentialist view of identity. The thesis explores the contradictions and juxtapositions between these two identities of accountant and mother, and the struggle of women to exercise agency within the confines of the profession. It uses a feminist methodological framework based on the subjective experience of women. As such, I present my own autobiographical account of being an accountant and mother, and the oral history narratives of fifteen other women, arguing that narrative forms an integral part of identity construction. The thesis concludes that the narrative approach and the use of oral histories has much to offer to accounting research and has important implications for our understanding of the interrelationships between accounting and motherhood. These include the emotions, transformations and constructions of identity of women accountants.
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Koch, Insa Lee. "Personalising the state : law, social welfare and politics on an English council estate". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4335c11c-c0a5-44dc-bd15-5bbbfe2fee6c.

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This dissertation offers a study of everyday relations between residents and the state on a post-industrial council estate in England. Drawing upon historical and ethnographic data, it analyses how, often under conditions of sustained exclusion, residents rely upon the state in their daily struggles for security and survival. My central ethnographic finding is that residents personalise the state alongside informal networks of support and care into a local sociality of reciprocity. This finding can be broken into three interconnected points. First, I argue that the reciprocal contract between citizens and the state emerged in the post-war years when the residents on the newly built estates negotiated their dependence upon the state by integrating it into their on-going social relations. A climate of relative material affluence, selective housing policies, and a paternalistic regime of housing management all created conditions which were conducive for this temporary union between residents and the state. Second, however, I argue that with the decline of industry and shifts towards neoliberal policies, residents increasingly struggle to hold the state accountable to its reciprocal obligations towards local people. This becomes manifest today both in the material neglect of council estates as well as in state officials' reluctance to become implicated in social relations with and between residents. Third, I argue that this failure on the part of the state to attend to residents' demands often has onerous effects on people's lives. It not only exacerbates residents' exposure to insecurity and threat, but is also experienced as a moral affront which generates larger narratives of abandonment and betrayal. Theoretically, this dissertation critically discusses and challenges contrasting portrayals of the state, and of state-citizen relations, in two bodies of literature. On the one hand, in much of the sociological and anthropological literature on working class communities, authors have adopted a community-centred approach which has depicted working class communities as self-contained entities against which the state emerges as a distant or hostile entity. I argue that such a portrayal is premised upon a romanticised view of working class communities which neglects the intimate presence of the state in everyday life. On the other hand, the theoretical literature on the British state has adopted a state-centred perspective which has seen the state as a renewed source of order and authority in disintegrating communities today. My suggestion is that this portrayal rests upon a pathologising view of social decline which fails to account for the persistence of informal social relations and the challenges that these pose to the state's authority from below. Finally, moving beyond the community-centred and state-centred perspectives, I argue for the need to adopt a middle ground which combines an understanding of the nature and workings of informal relations with an acknowledgement of the ubiquity of the state. Such an approach allows us to recognise that, far from being a hostile entity or, alternatively, an uncontested source of order, the state occupies shifting positions within an overarching sociality of reciprocity and its associated demands for alliances and divisions. I refer to such an approach as the personalisation of the state.
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Kell, Patricia Ellen. "British collecting, 1656-1800 : scientific enquiry and social practice". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670252.

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Nanabawa, Sumaiya. "A discourse analysis of print media constructions of 'Muslim' people in British newspapers". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006767.

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This research study aimed to examine how the identity of ' Muslim' people is constructed in British print media today, and whether or not these constructions promote or undermine a xeno-racist project. The research draws on the idea that identity is partly constructed through representation, with an emphasis on how language can be used to construct and position people in different ways. Using a social constructionist paradigm, the study further considers the role that print media has in providing a discursive field within which the construction and reproduction of racist attitudes and ideologies in contemporary global society can take place. Sixty-five newspaper articles were selected from the online archives of British newspapers, The Guardian and The Daily Telegraph using systematic random sampling. These were analysed using the six stages of Foucauldian discourse analysis outlined by Carla Willig. To provide a more fruitful account, the analysis also incorporated the methods of Potter and Wetherell whose focus is on the function of discourse, as well as van Langenhove and Harre's focus on subject positioning, and Parker's use of Foucauldian analysis which looks at power distributions. The analysis revealed that Muslims are discursively constructed as a direct politicised or terror threat, often drawing on discourses of sharia law, and Muslim-Christian relationships. They are also constructed as a cultural threat, drawing on discourses of isolation, oppressed women, the veil/headscarf, identity, visibility and integration. The analysis also showed some variation in constructions, and these extended from the racialization of Muslims to showing the compatibility between Islamic and western values. This study discusses the form these different constructions take and the possible implications these constructions might have in contributing toward a prejudiced and largely negative image of Islam and Muslims.
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Diaz, Martinez Elisa. "Does social class explain health inequalities? : a study of Great Britain and Spain". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ca53a88e-0459-47d0-b13a-2525745d0d6a.

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The main research questions examined in this thesis concern the extent to which social class influence individuals' health, and how and whether individuals' occupation, education and lifestyles mediate between class and health. The conclusions drawn from the analysis of these empirical questions cast further light on the widening health inequalities seen in developed societies in recent decades. In particular, this research suggests that, employment conditions as well as educational levels are variables that need to be taken into account when planning policies aimed at tackling differences in health outcomes. Lifestyle variables, on the other hand, would appear to be almost irrelevant when explaining why the members of the more privileged social classes not only live longer than those in other classes, but also enjoy significantly better health over the course of their lives. In trying to understand the association between class and health, I define a theoretical framework that specifies the mechanisms through which class is linked to health. Social structure influences health by distributing certain factors such as material resources or some health-related behaviour that ultimately result in individuals having different living conditions. Educational attainment also affects the way these resources are employed and, therefore, lifestyles. A fundamental element of a social class is occupation: individuals' employment and working conditions also affect their health. Furthermore, the nature of a social structure has an effect on health at the aggregate level of analysis since social policies are partly the result of the structure of class interests. Four mechanisms are specified in order to systematically test this theoretical framework. Mechanisms (2) and (3), those that relate class and health through education and lifestyle lie at the heart of the empirical analysis. This analysis employs individual-level data drawn from health surveys carried out during the first half of the 1990s in the two countries selected for the analysis, United Kingdom and Spain. These countries are treated as contexts in which to test the theoretical explanation. The main results of the analysis reveal the importance of social class in determining health outcomes. Indeed, individuals from different classes enjoy distinct degrees of health. Specifically, individuals in the most privileged class categories have persistently better health than those in the other class categories. Differences exist in terms of both objective and subjective or self-perceived health. Moving on from observation to explanation, the analysis suggests that the distribution of certain resources across classes accounts for some of the variance in health outcomes. Hence, education is identified as a significant variable to comprehend part of the health inequalities in developed societies. Lifestyle, on the other hand, does not appear relevant in accounting for health outcomes. The small differences found between the United Kingdom and Spain in the mechanisms that link class and health suggest that the process through which class affects health is essentially similar in developed societies.
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Fitton, Sarah Louise. "Social value in practice : a case of flood alleviation schemes". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709198.

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MacRae, Rhoda. "Becoming a clubber : transitions, identities and lifestyles". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1451.

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This thesis examines how young people identify and affliate with particular club scenes and how these practices and processes relate to their transitions, identities and lifestyles. It aims to give a sense of the processes and the resources that are required to 'become' a clubber over time. The thesis engages with the recent attempts to reconcile the conceptual and empirical divisions between the two main approaches in the sociology of youth. It suggests that the work ofSchutz serves as a heuristic framework to conceptualise data, and when synthesised with other sympathetic conceptual frameworks, links disparate literature to allow for a better understanding of the role of knowledge in the transitions, identities and lifestyles of young people. This focus influenced my choice of method: the ethnographic techniques of participant observation and in-depth interviewing were employed to access participants' experiences and knowledge of becoming a c1ubber. The findings suggest that the process of becoming a clubber is a gendered, dialectical and transformational process: informed by the social heritage and locally situated experiences of clubbing participants. It is a process that manifests itself through embodied practices involving cultural knowledge and taste. Participants place one another on the basis of their participation in and identification with a clubbing lifestyle. These placements appear embedded in the social order: they call not only on old social markers but also on the increasing hierarchies of difference within and across social groups. Social competence, cultural knowledge and consumer activities are all implicated in the placement of others, and the construction of boundaries that clubbing collectives engage in. These are young people who can afford materially and socially to extend both their structural and cultural transitions. The social confidence and adept skills of exchange that 'proper' clubbers develop are resources that help them develop and create social and cultural capital of their own. Becoming a clubber requires competency, skills and dispositions: it is a process that transmits privilege and disadvantage.
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Livros sobre o assunto "Urbanization – social aspects – great britain"

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Macmillan, Peter. Explaining post-war cinema attendance in Great Britain. St. Andrews: St. Salvator's College, Dept. of Economics, 2000.

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Cracknell, Richard. The Pensions Bill: Social security aspects : Bill 87 of 1994/5. [London]: House of Commons Library, 1995.

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Walvin, James. Football and the decline of Britain. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan, 1986.

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4

C, Critcher, ed. The Devil makes work: Leisure in Capitalist Britain. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan, 1985.

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C, Critcher, ed. The Devil makes work: Leisure in capitalist Britain. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1985.

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Robert, Jackson. Hindu children in Britain. Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, England: Trentham Books, 1993.

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Rod, Morgan, e Smith David J. 1941-, eds. Coming to terms with policing: Perspectives on policy. London: Routledge, 1989.

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Cannadine, David. Aspects of aristocracy: Grandeur and decline in modern Britain. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994.

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Bourke, Joanna. Dismembering the male: Men's bodies, Britain and the Great War. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996.

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Mills, David. Difficult folk?: A political history of social anthropology. New York: Berghahn Books, 2010.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Urbanization – social aspects – great britain"

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Kaprāns, Mārtiņš. "Latvian Migrants in Great Britain: ‘The Great Departure’, Transnational Identity and Long Distance Belonging". In IMISCOE Research Series, 119–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12092-4_6.

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Abstract This chapter explores the transnational aspects of identity and the long distance belonging of Latvian migrants in Great Britain. In particular, it focuses on the discourses and practices of long distance belonging to Latvia. The article is based on a comparative analysis of The Emigrant Communities of Latvia survey data as well as semi-structured interviews with Latvian migrants in Great Britain. The analytical sections are organised so as to discuss the three main analytical contexts of long distance belonging: ethno-cultural, political and social. In the ethno-cultural context, migrants who identify themselves as ethnic Latvians rediscover and strengthen their links to the Latvian cultural space, its traditions and its ways of collective self-understanding. Conversely, the absence of this cultural capital among Russian-speaking migrants from Latvia advances their faster assimilation into British society. The political context of long distance belonging reveals high levels of distrust of the Latvian government and the migrants’ overall disappointment with Latvia’s political elite, as well as political apathy. Nevertheless, Latvian migrants in the United Kingdom are discovering new motivation and fresh opportunities to influence the political reality in Latvia and that has increased participation in Latvian national elections. The social context of long distance belonging, in turn, enables new forms of allegiance towards Latvia. These are manifested in philanthropic initiatives, in participation in various interest groups and in regular interest in what is happening in Latvia. The social context does not put the migrants’ activities into ethno-cultural or political frameworks, but encourages moral responsibility towards the people of Latvia.
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De Meulder, Bruno, Julie Marin e Kelly Shannon. "Evolving Relations of Landscape, Infrastructure and Urbanization Toward Circularity: Flanders and Vietnam". In Regenerative Territories, 107–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78536-9_6.

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AbstractA great deal of the contemporary discourse around circularity revolves around waste—the elimination of waste (and wastelands) through recycling, renewing and reuse (3Rs). In line with industrial ecological thinking, the discourse often focuses on resource efficiency and the shift toward renewables. The reconstitution of numerous previous ecologies is at most a byproduct of the deliberate design of today’s cyclic systems. Individual projects are often heralded for their innovative aspects (both high- and low-tech) and the concept has become popularly embraced in much of the Western world. Nevertheless, contemporary spatial circularity practices appear often to be detached from their particular socio-cultural and landscape ecologies. There is an emphasis on performative aspects and far too often a series of normative tools create cookie-cutter solutions that disregard locational assets—spatial as well as socio-cultural. The re-prefix is evident for developed economies and geographies, but not as obvious in the context of rapidly transforming and newly urbanizing territories. At the same time, the notion of circularity has been deeply embedded in indigenous, pre-modern and non-Western worldviews and strongly mirrored in historic constellations of urban, rural and territorial development. This contribution focuses on two contexts, Flanders in Belgium and the rural highlands, the Mekong Delta and Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam, which reveal that in spite of the near-universal prevalence of the Western development paradigm, there are fundamentally different notions of circularity in history and regarding present-day urbanization. Historically, in both contexts, the city and its larger territory formed a social, economic and ecological unity. There was a focus is on the interdependent development of notions of circularity in the ever-evolving relations of landscape, infrastructure and urbanization. In the development of contemporary circularity, there are clear insights that can be drawn from the deep understandings of historic interdependencies and the particular mechanisms and typologies utilized. The research questions addressed are in line with territorial ecology’s call to incorporate socio-cultural and spatial dimensions when trying to understand how territorial metabolisms function (Barles, Revue D’économie Régionale and Urbaine:819–836, 2017). They are as follows: how can case studies from two seemingly disparate regions in the world inform the present-day wave of homogenized research on circularity? How can specific socio-cultural contexts, through their historical trajectories, nuance the discourse and even give insights with regard to broadened and contextualized understandings of circularity? The case studies firstly focus on past site-specific cyclic interplays between landscape, infrastructure and urbanization and their gradual dissolution into linearity. Secondly, the case studies explicitly focus on multi-year design research projects by OSA (Research Urbanism and Architecture, KU Leuven), which underscore new relations of landscape, infrastructure and urbanization and emphasize the resourcefulness of the territory itself. The design research has been elaborated in collaboration with relevant stakeholders and experts and at the request of governmental agencies.
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Bolton, Timothy. "The Invasions of England in 1013 and 1016". In Cnut the Great. Yale University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300208337.003.0003.

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This chapter focuses on King Swen and Cnut's conquest of England in 1013. The English, or Anglo-Saxons, were themselves invaders who seized control over the crumbling remains of post-Roman Britain. However, half a millennium had passed since the invading barbarians had assembled themselves into highly organized kingdoms and produced a distinctive language and culture all of their own. They may have been prepared to accept that they were not so unlike the invading Scandinavians, but centuries of Christianization, legal developments and codifications, urbanization, social stratigraphization and the development of a scribal bureaucracy, separated them from the invaders. The chapter shows how King Swen differs from other Scandinavian invaders in that his aim was conquest, not raiding. He sought to seize control at the level of central and local government and permanently rule the country.
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Polonsky, Antony. "Attempts to Transform and Integrate the Jews 1750–1881". In Jews in Poland and Russia: A Short History, 40–95. Liverpool University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781906764395.003.0003.

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This chapter examines how the middle of the eighteenth century was a major turning point in the history of the Jews in Europe. Under the influence of the philosophy of the Enlightenment, many rulers now began to initiate attempts, carried still further by their constitutional successors in the nineteenth century, to transform the Jews from members of a religious and cultural community into ‘useful’ subjects, or, where a civil society had been established, into citizens. This attempt to change the legal, social, and economic status of the Jews was part of a wider process affecting the whole of society which can be described as ‘the Great Transformation’. There were two aspects to this transformation: economic and political. One now sees the industrial revolution as the culmination of a much longer process that should probably be dated back to the effects of European overseas expansion from the fifteenth century. The end result of this revolution was urbanization, the development of industry, the increasing importance of the bourgeoisie, and the displacement of the landed aristocracy as the dominant economic and political stratum.
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Hampsher-Monk, lain. "The State and the Individual, Seventeenth-Eighteenth Centuries: Theorizing the Challenge of Subjective Individualism in Britain". In The Individual in Political Theory and Practice, 243–68. Oxford University PressOxford, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198205494.003.0011.

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Abstract The rise and decline of those great European exemplars of the successful polity, the cities of Greece and Rome, were for a long while, and indeed often still are, associated with the promotion and subsequent erosion of codes of ethical restraint on individuals’ subjectivity. The development of the modem European State, on the contrary, has been marked by a long-term disintegration of the ethical codes that had been believed hitherto to sustain European civilization. There was a gradual acceptance, eventually even a celebration, of those subjective aspects of individuality which previous political moralities—Graeco-Roman republicanism and its Renaissance revivals, as well as Christianity—had for the most part, seen it as their business to vanquish, suppress, or control for the greater good of the community. The perception of’subjectivist’ threats to social stability derived from the belief that unconstrained or unmoralized individuals’ desires were limitless, their personal interests conflicting, and their emotional susceptibility destabilizing.
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Khosrokhavar, Farhad. "The European Societies and Jihadism". In Jihadism in Europe, 1–17. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197564967.003.0001.

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The introductory chapter gives insight into the major topics of the book. It stresses the fact that the major actors of jihadism were of Muslim immigration origin but also include a minority of middle-class converts from secular Europe. The notion of “total social fact,” coined by Marcel Mauss, a major French anthropologist, is used to give a comprehensive picture of jihadism as a social phenomenon involving urban sociology (many came from the so-called poor districts, but also some came from some middle-class districts), ethnic relations (Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Moroccan, Algerian), national political culture (in France Laïcité, in Great Britain multiculturalism), family (the crisis in family among many jihadis), gender (a significant minority), and generation. From my viewpoint, all these aspects are to be taken into account in order to make sense of jihadism in Europe.
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Selz, Gebhard J. "The Uruk Phenomenon". In The Oxford History of the Ancient Near East, 163–244. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190687854.003.0004.

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The city of Uruk in southern Iraq was the main force for urbanization and state formation in Mesopotamia during the Uruk period (ca. 3800–3300 BC), which takes its name from this “first city.” This chapter discusses this formative period for the social, political, and cultural history of Mesopotamia and beyond, as well as the ensuing transitional period (Uruk III/Jemdet Nasr period; ca. 3300–3000 BC). The focus lies on the key elements of Uruk culture and its spread across Western Asia, including Syria, Anatolia, and Iran; the invention of cuneiform writing; and aspects of social, religious, and political organization of this emergent state. Contextualized in climatic, demographic, and geographic observations, the chapter evaluates key cultural features, stressing the role of population growth intertwined with technological, agricultural, and administrative improvements. These cultural features’ dissemination along trade routes to the Levant, Anatolia, and Iran is linked to the establishment of strongholds that secured the exchange of goods, with the south of Mesopotamia serving as the commercial hub. While the available sources—both textual and iconographic—provide no unequivocal evidence for the alleged monocratic governance of Uruk-period society, the identifiable political structures were strongly intertwined with religious functions, indicating great societal complexity. The alleged collapse of the Uruk culture was predominantly the breakdown of the Uruk (trade) network. Culturally, however, many features of the Uruk phenomenon provided the founding charter for Mesopotamian social structures in subsequent periods.
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Zhou, Yue, e Jianzhong Wu. "Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading in Microgrids and Local Energy Systems". In Microgrids and Local Energy Systems. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99437.

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Peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading is an innovative approach for managing increasing numbers of Distributed Energy Resources in microgrids or local energy systems. In P2P energy trading, prosumers and consumers directly trade and exchange power and energy with each other. The development of P2P energy trading is described in five key aspects, that is, market design, trading platforms, power and ICT infrastructure, regulation and policy, and from a social science perspective. A general multiagent framework is established to simulate the behaviour of and interaction between multiple entities in P2P energy trading. A general evaluation index hierarchy is proposed to assess various P2P energy trading mechanisms. Finally, a residential community that is set in the context of Great Britain is studied using multiagent simulation and hierarchical evaluation methods. Both the technical and economic benefits of P2P energy trading are demonstrated.
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Cove, Patricia. "Introduction: Italian Unity and International Alliances". In Italian Politics and Nineteenth-Century British Literature and Culture, 1–28. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474447249.003.0001.

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Although many historical narratives of the Risorgimento and early Italian constitutional monarchy view Italy as a nation-state unable to consolidate itself against political division and regional diversity, Italian political culture’s cultivation of a sense of internal fragmentation and powerlessness also constituted part of the Risorgimento’s ideological content and Italy’s national identity. Risorgimento culture’s oppositionalism also infiltrated British reaction to Italian politics. Theodosia Garrow Trollope’s eyewitness Athenaeum correspondence, collected as Social Aspects of the Italian Revolution (1861), develops politicised familial metaphors for unification and international alliance that empower and transform Italy through political solidarity. By contrast, texts by D. G. Rossetti, George Meredith, Anthony Trollope, Benjamin Disraeli, Henrietta Jenkin and Arthur Hugh Clough propose more sceptical familial and romantic metaphors for Risorgimento Italy, revealing disillusioned and hesitant attitudes toward Italy in relation to its neighbouring powers, including France, Austria and Great Britain.
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Kammen, Michael. "Some Patterns and Meanings of Memory Distortion in American History". In In the Past Lane, 213–26. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195111118.003.0008.

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Abstract Within less than a decade, beginning late in the 1980s, a distinctive body of writing began to appear that is concerned with aspects of collective memory in the history and culture of the United States. Comparable works have also been generated for France, Germany, Great Britain, Israel, and, to a lesser degree, Russia, Japan, and diverse developing nations or constituent social groups within those nations, such as tribes and sects.* Much of this literature emphasizes the socially constructed nature of memory and its political or cultural uses. Although memory distortion per se has not commonly been a defining focus in this literature, it does emerge as an implicit theme, and sometimes rather prominently. Its appearance thus far more nearly resembles the highly visible vein patterns of a leaf rather than the exoskeleton of shellfish. This essay was presented on May 8, 1994, at the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in Cambridge, Massachusetts, as part of the first conference sponsored by the Harvard Center for the Study of Mind, Brain, and Behavior. The focus of that multidisciplinary conference was memory distortion.
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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Urbanization – social aspects – great britain"

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Stanciu, Sorin Mihai, Raul Pascalau e Carmen Simona Dumitrescu. "ASPECTS REGARIND THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 2030 AGENDA OBJECTIVES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION". In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/6.2/s29.86.

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Combating poverty and social exclusion requires addressing individual needs in terms of life cycles. As children growing up in poor households will face a higher risk of poverty in the future, in order to break the intergenerational circle of poverty, the governments must adopt programs aimed at simultaneously child and adult poverty in a household. The intergenerational circle of exclusion is perpetuated when low levels of education and poor health seriously limit the chances of access to the labour market for the next generation of children. Breaking the intergenerational circle of poverty and exclusion will require targeted interventions to eliminate the multiple causes of inequality. A coordinated approach is needed in the implementation of policies, programs and interventions aimed at the poor and vulnerable population as well as at marginalized areas. The European Union and the United Nations are natural partners in the effort to build a safer and better world for all. To this end, the European Union supports effective multilateralism and a rules-based international order, in which the United Nations plays a central role. Being a great success for the EU in negotiating, the Sustainable Development Goals are a useful tool to design EU values and objectives globally and provide a useful common framework for international partnerships. It is therefore in the EU's interest to play a leading role in the implementation of the 2030 Agenda globally through its external action. The 2030 Agenda, together with the Paris Agreement on Climate change, is the roadmap to a better world, the global framework for international cooperation on sustainable development and the economic, social, environmental and governance dimensions of this framework [1]. In this article, the attention is oriented towards the first SDG � No poverty and so, the population exposed to poverty and social exclusion risks is analysed. The main criteria used for the population analyses are the population under 18 years old, the urbanization degree, the social transfers beneficiaries, severe material and social deprivation, low work intensity households or even employed persons exposed to poverty, persons overburdened by housing expenses are also part of this category. The research methods consist of analysing the data from the official sources using the descriptive statistical methods and graphical representations.
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ZHOROVA, Iryna, Serhiy DANYLYUK e Olha KHUDENKO. "Civic education of students by means of literature: european experience". In Învățământul superior: tradiţii, valori, perspective. "Ion Creanga" State Pedagogical University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46727/c.29-30-09-2023.p108-122.

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The article reveals the theoretical and methodical aspects of students’ civic education by means of literature. Emphasis is placed on the fact that in the conditions of unstable development of society, escalation of conflicts both between states and between fellow citizens, the issue of students’ civic education is actualized. The authors understand this concept as a form of social education, the formation of a citizen of a specific state, capable of successfully acting for the sake of preserving democracy and peace. Currently, informal education, in addition to the content of “social and civic competencies” that is understandable for Ukrainian educators, uses the term “competencies for the culture of democracy”, which, according to the authors, is a structured concept implemented in the European dimension of civic education. The authors emphasize that fiction affects human feelings and consciousness, it is a powerful means of moral, aesthetic and civic education. Through artistic images, writers provide an opportunity to form their attitude to the events described, to draw certain conclusions, to reflect on universal values, on the actions of one or another character, to see models of civic active/passive behavior. The article analyzes the European experience of civic education, in particular Great Britain and Germany. The authors take into account the literature of these countries and identify aspects that can serve as a basis for students’ civic education, compare them with the Ukrainian realities of civic education. The authors present the main vectors of civic education in Germany, which are determined by the content of literary works and encourage pluralism of opinions, tolerance for the views and judgments of others, motivate students to actively participate in civic life, awareness of the value of freedom, respect for human dignity, the right to self-expression, responsibility for an individual’s moral choice. The works are also the basis for establishing in teenagers such democratic values as the right to life, to fair treatment, dignity, freedom from discrimination, the right to equality, understanding the need to protect one’s rights and the rights of other people.The analysis of content concepts of literature for pupils in Great Britain shows that the priorities of civic education are national patriotism and the education of a law-abiding citizen. The textual material of the works and civic education lessons help pupils to better understand different forms of governance and their impact on citizens; to understand the responsibility and functions of management and the duties of citizens; to acquire socio-cultural experience that gives the opportunity to feel morally, socially, politically, legally competent and protected in society and to take direct part in the activities of civil society institutions. In Finland, the basic democratic values of the national core curriculum are open democracy, equality, responsibility for one’s own choice. An important focus of education in Finnish high school is gaining experience in shaping the future based on joint decisions and interaction.Taking into account the global trends of digitization, the authors considered digital technologies to be educational innovations in students’ civic education (electronic textbooks (not just digitized, but interactive, with virtual 3D materials that teachers can compose at their discretion), textbook scans for download, various materials: interactive laboratories, virtual museums, forums for teachers to communicate, etc.).
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Deltoro, Julia, Carmen Blasco Sánchez e Francisco Martínez Pérez. "Evolution of the Urban Form in the British New Towns". In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6484.

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Even if the urban experience of the British New Towns, created after the New Towns Act of 1945 as a solution to the problems derived from the superpopulation of great cities such as London, is already far in time it can still offer us some lessons. Lessons which could help us when intervening in current process of development and transformation of the urban form. This article analyses these experiences from its morphology, studying their formal characteristics and the organization of the several uses of the city, as well as the diachronic evolution of their criteria of spatial composition. The First New Towns mainly followed the characteristics stated in the Reith Report [HMSO, 1946 a] and the consequent New Towns Act [HMSO, 1946 b], which defined the scale of the new cities, their uses and zoning, location, areas, distances, social structure or landscape among other. Their urban forms evolved with time and were the result of many strategic and design decisions taken which determined and transformed their spatial and physical profiles. According to the Town and Country Planning Association [TCPA, 2014] New Towns can be classified in three Marks as for their chronology and the laws that helped to create them. But if we focus in their urban form, we can find another classification by Ali Madani-Pour, [1993] who divides them into four design phases, which give answer to different social needs and mobility. The analysis of the essential characteristics and strategies of each of the phases of the New Towns, applied to the configuration of the urban form of some of the New Towns, the ones which gather better the approach in each of the phases, will allow us to make a propositional diagnose of their different forms of development, the advances and setbacks; a comparative analysis of different aspects such as mobility and zoning, local and territorial relations, structure or composition. The conclusions of the article pretend to recognize the contributions, which come from their urban form and have them as a reference for new urban interventions in the current context, with new challenges to be faced from the integral definition of the city. References DCLG. (2006). Transferable Lessons from the New Towns. (http://www.futurecommunities.net/files/images/Transferable_lessons_from_new_towns_0.pdf.) Accessed: 14 january 2015. Gaborit, P. (2010). European New Towns: Image, Identities, Future Perspectives. (PIE-Peter Lang SA., Brussels) HMSO. Great Britain. New Towns Committee. (1946 a). Final Report of the New Towns Committee. London HMSO. Great Britain. New Towns Act. (1946 b). London Madani-Pour, Ali. (1993). `Urban Design in the British New Towns´. Open House International, vol. 18. TCPA. (2014). New Towns and Garden Cities – Lessons for Tomorrow. Stage 1: An Introduction to the UK’s New Towns and Garden Cities. (Town and Country Planning Association, London) Accessed: 15 december 2016. (https://www.tcpa.org.uk/Handlers/Download.ashx?IDMF=1bcdbbe3-f4c9-49b4-892e-2d85b5be6b87). TCPA. (2015). New Towns and Garden Cities – Lessons for Tomorrow. Stage 2: Lessons for De­livering a New Generation of Garden Cities. (Town and Country Planning Association, London) Accessed: 15 december 2016. (https://www.tcpa.org.uk/Handlers/Download.ashx?IDMF=62a09e12-6a24-4de3-973f-f4062e561e0a)
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Wei, Xia, Wojciech Bonenberg, Mo Zhou e Jinzhong Wang. "Sustainable Design of Commercial and Residential Complexes - An Example of Wantun Community Project". In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002326.

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High-rise commercial and residential buildings are a type of building that has been developing rapidly in urban centers in recent years. With the continuous development of urbanization, it has an increasing impact on the sustainable development of the human living environment, and the study of the sustainable design of such high-rise commercial and residential buildings is a matter of great urgency. Human society has entered the ecological era, and all aspects of the social economy are increasingly labeled as eco-friendly and sustainable in the development process. High-rise commercial and residential buildings, because of their comprehensive functions, are bound to bring the defects of high energy consumption and high pollution. Therefore, the design of high-rise commercial and residential buildings should be based on the principle of sustainable design, scientific and reasonable planning of the building plan, and the implementation of high utilization rate of building functions to ensure that the building can comply with the principles of ecological and environmental protection and sustainable development, which is the development trend of high-rise commercial and residential building planning and architectural design at present and for a long time in the future. This paper analyzes the necessity of sustainable design for commercial and residential complexes in modern cities, and examines the sustainable design of high-rise commercial and residential complexes in detail in terms of the plan layout of building units and traffic organization design, taking into account the design practice of the Wantun community.
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