Bibliografias temáticas / Urban background

Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Urban background"

Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 22 de junho de 2024

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Índice

  1. Artigos de revistas
  2. Teses / dissertações
  3. Livros
  4. Capítulos de livros
  5. Trabalhos de conferências
  6. Relatórios de organizações

Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Urban background":

1

Wei, W., D. Botteldooren, T. Van Renterghem, M. Hornikx, J. Forssén, E. Salomons e M. ögren. "Urban Background Noise Mapping: The General Model". Acta Acustica united with Acustica 100, n.º 6 (1 de novembro de 2014): 1098–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3813/aaa.918789.

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Vratolis, S., M. I. Gini, S. Bezantakos, I. Stavroulas, N. Kalivitis, E. Kostenidou, E. Louvaris et al. "Particle number size distribution statistics at City-Centre Urban Background, urban background, and remote stations in Greece during summer". Atmospheric Environment 213 (setembro de 2019): 711–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.05.064.

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3

Krishnan, Pramila. "FAMILY BACKGROUND, EDUCATION AND EMPLOYMENT IN URBAN ETHIOPIA†". Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 58, n.º 1 (1 de maio de 2009): 167–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1996.mp58001008.x.

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4

Valencia, Victor H., Ole Hertel, Matthias Ketzel e Gregor Levin. "Modeling urban background air pollution in Quito, Ecuador". Atmospheric Pollution Research 11, n.º 4 (abril de 2020): 646–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2019.12.014.

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Guan, Yanlin, Xiaolong Shi e Rongfang Feng. "Thinking and Exploration of Urban Horticulture under Modern Agriculture Background". Frontiers in Science and Engineering 2, n.º 11 (22 de novembro de 2022): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/fse.v2i11.2980.

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Nowadays, with the rapid development of urbanization, the traditional agricultural production and development mode has long been unable to meet people's needs for all aspects of agriculture. Compared with the traditional agriculture in the past, modern agriculture is an expression of the latest development form of agriculture. And urban horticulture, as an important part of modern agriculture, is produced with the rapid development of urbanization and industrial modernization, and is an inevitable product of the development of social and economic level to a certain height. Especially with the increasing pressure of work and life in the city, the citizens need more and more important for green and leisure, and the role of urban gardening in urban life is more and more obvious. In this context, this paper will combine urban horticulture with the development theory of modern agriculture, facilities production technology and industrialization management mode as a background. Based on the connotation of urban horticulture, combined with examples, we analyze the development mode and characteristics of urban horticulture, and actively explore the development prospects and countermeasures of urban horticulture in the future.
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Pisoni, E., P. Christidis, P. Thunis e M. Trombetti. "Evaluating the impact of “Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans” on urban background air quality". Journal of Environmental Management 231 (fevereiro de 2019): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.10.039.

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Aleksandrova, Mariya V. "BACKGROUND OF THE SOVIET TYPE HOUSING: PROJECTS AND EXPERIMENTS". Yaroslavl Pedagogical Bulletin 116, n.º 5 (2020): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/1813-145x-2020-5-116-243-249.

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The article is devoted to the analysis of the conditions for the formation of the new concepts of urban planning and the process of searching for new types of habitation in pre-revolutionary Russia. The author investigates the prerevolutionary theoretical and practical experience in the urban planning and housing policy of the first years of Soviet power. The article examines aspects of urbanization in Russia and analyzes the complex of problems that arose in the field of urban development and housing planning by the beginning of the XX century. In the context of the problem, the specificity of the living conditions of the urban population in the capital and provincial cities of the Russian Empire, types of housing and projects for solving the housing problem are investigated. The article touches upon the problems of the hierarchy of urban space and the revolutionary redistribution of housing in the first years of Soviet power. The article considers the key concepts that influenced the development of domestic urban planning ideas: the idea of a garden city, housing cooperatives, low-rise types of habitation, and communal houses. Based on specific examples from the history of St. Petersburg, Moscow, Yaroslavl, the experience of the development and implementation of these concepts in pre-revolutionary Russia, as well as the experience of their transformation and adaptation in the soviet urban planning policy of the first years of Soviet power, is investigated. The experience of the domestic theory and practice of urban planning is studied in the aspect of socio-economic and socio-political factors that determine the trends and tasks of developing new forms of settlement, types of housing and methods for solving the housing problem in pre-revolutionary and Soviet Russia in the first quarter of the XX century. The factors of the emergence of the phenomenon of a communal apartment as a type of housing specific for Soviet Russia and its relationship with sociocultural practices of the previous period are investigated.
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Major, István, Mihály Molnár, István Futó, Virág Gergely, Sándor Bán, Attila Machon, Imre Salma e Tamás Varga. "Detailed Carbon Isotope Study of PM2.5 Aerosols at Urban Background, Suburban Background and Regional Background Sites in Hungary". Atmosphere 13, n.º 5 (30 de abril de 2022): 716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13050716.

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The aim of this study was to estimate and refine the potential sources of carbon in the atmospheric PM2.5 fraction aerosol at three sampling sites in Hungary. Quantification of total, organic and elemental carbon (TC, OC and EC, respectively), as well as radiocarbon (14C) and stable carbon isotope analyses were performed on exposed filters collected at an urban background site, a suburban background site of the capital of Hungary, Budapest from October 2017 to July 2018. Results were also collected from the rural regional background site of K-puszta. Compared to TC concentrations from other regions of Europe, the ratio of the lowest and highest values at all sites in Hungary are lower than these European locations, probably due to the specific meteorological conditions prevailing in the Carpathian Basin over the observation period. The concentration of OC was constantly higher than that of EC and a seasonal variation with higher values in the heating period (October–March) and lower values in the non-heating vegetation period (April–September) could be observed for both EC and OC fractions. Using 14C, the seasonal mean fraction of contemporary carbon (fC) within the TC varied between 0.50 and 0.78 at the sites, suggesting that modern sources were remarkable during the year, regardless of the heating or vegetation period. At the two urban sites, assuming constant industrial emission during the year, the fossil fuel combustion sources were responsible for the seasonal variation of EC, while modern carbon emissions from biomass-burning and biogenic sources influenced the OC concentration. The higher EC/TC ratios at these sites were associated with lower fC and δ13C values, which can be explained by soot emission from transportation. The notably high EC/TC ratios in the spring were likely caused by the reduced concentration of OC instead of increased EC concentrations. This could probably be caused by the ending of winter biomass burning, which emits a huge amount of OC into the atmosphere. On the contrary, the rural K-puszta site showed some differences relative to the sites in Budapest. No correlation could be revealed between the EC/TC ratio, fC and δ13C results, suggesting that the structure of sources was very stagnant and balanced in each season. In autumn, however, some less depleted values were observed, and agricultural corn-stalk burning after harvesting in the southern and eastern directions from Hungary can be suggested as the main source.
9

Chirenje, T. "Comparison between background concentrations of arsenic in urban and non-urban areas of Florida". Advances in Environmental Research 8, n.º 1 (outubro de 2003): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1093-0191(02)00138-7.

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Mattoo, Mohammad Iqbal, e Tariq Abdullah Bichoo. "Attitude of Secondary School Teachers Towards Teaching With Special Reference to Rural and Urban Background". Paripex - Indian Journal Of Research 3, n.º 2 (15 de janeiro de 2012): 64–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22501991/feb2014/17.

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Artigos de revistas Teses / dissertações Livros

Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Urban background":

1

Goldman, Anna Scott. "Architecture as the background to collective life". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/24367.

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This project develops an approach towards the arrangement and design of the primary elements - public facilities and spaces - that necessarily complement the provision of subsidised housing in South Africa. The historical response to the housing shortage in South Africa has been the provision of a remarkable number of individual housing units, but with insufficient funds and attention given to the urban infrastructure, public spaces and facilities that go hand in hand with housing in livable urban environments. This project considers a subsidy housing project where the social facilities are considered upfront, and are seen as an opportunity to create interesting, people-centred places in the development - this thesis is the search for an architecture which forms the backdrop, and framework for growth, for collective urban life. This paper is structured around six sections: thinking, siting, urban design, programming, making and designing. These sections explore, respectively, the theoretical proposal with regards to social facilities and public spaces, the strategic siting of an area of subsidised housing and its associated primary elements, an urban design proposal for the whole development, the programming of the whole site and the individual cluster of facilities that I consider in more detail, the spatial and technological realisation of the public fronts of three case study buildings, and finally the exploration and manifestation of these ideas through a design. My project is being done in conjunction with another student, Rob Richardson, who is looking at creative housing within the limit of the government subsidy. Together we make a proposal for an overall living environment which takes the form of an acupunctural insertion of subsidised housing and the associated primary elements into an area of Wynburg, Cape Town.
2

Hu, Songhua. "Family background and life chances in urban China, 1950-1996 /". May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.

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Wood, Paul Adair. "Urban Native American Educational Attitudes: Impact of Educational Background and Childhood Residency". PDXScholar, 1992. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4530.

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The purpose of this thesis is to study the relationship between educational attitudes and certain background features of Native Americans, in particular, where they were raised and what type of school they attended. The sample used consisted of 120 completed mail out-mail back surveys that were used primarily as a Needs Assessment for the Portland Indian Health clinic. The sample was randomly selected from the Portland Indian Health Clinic client/patient mailing list. The findings of this thesis indicate that the attitudes of Native Americans toward education in general are positive. The findings also indicate that older Native Americans who experienced being sent to a B.I.A. boarding school off the reservation have the least positive attitudes towards Indian Education programs. Implications and recommendation for further research are discussed.
4

Jaramillo, Jaime Marie. "THE CITY OF MILPITAS HISTORIC GATEWAY BACKGROUND REPORT AND DESIGN GUIDELINES". DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2015. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1468.

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The aim of this project report is to investigate and identify the needs of the historic area (focus area) in the City of Milpitas, to positively contribute to the City’s planning process, and to make recommendations for the focus area’s future development. In the first chapters, City and focus area research results are presented. Currently, there is a lack of exclusive regulatory standards for attractive development in the City’s historic core. The project report then discusses the results of a short empirical everyday user survey, a parcel-by-parcel land use survey, and a walkability analysis. Research results indicate that the focus area could benefit from historic identity preservation, additional public open space and recreation, and economic development. The project report then identifies three case studies and analyzes each under an urban design framework regarding walkability and gateway development. Here, the project report draws on a number of sources regarding positive place making and urban design to highlight the focus area’s opportunities and constraints. In conclusion, the project report argues that the City’s location in the Bay Area and proximity to Silicon Valley requires accommodation and competition for development while coordinating current focus area development to contribute to an overall well-designed site plan with a focus on walkability and an attractive gateway image. Recommendations are provided in the form of design guidelines.
5

Klein, Michael P. "Real estate development exactions, linkage, and the Nollan decision : some background, observations, and policy suggestions". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14046.

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Goodman, Penelope J. "Between city and country : the cultural background, character and function of Gallo-Roman urban peripheries". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391224.

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Davoudian, Navaz. "The impact of background lighting complexity on the visual saliency of urban objects at night". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522427.

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Au-Yeu, Ho-Kong Christopher. "Exposures to respirable air particles in urban microenvironments and effects of background levels on cardiorespiratory symptoms". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2006. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/56042/.

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Epidemiological evidence has shown that increased levels of respirable particulate air pollution leads to adverse cardiorespiratory health effects although the exact mechanism of damage is unknown. In the UK the largest single source of respirable air particulates is road transport. Currently the background levels of respirable air particulates are measured by stationary monitoring stations. However, traffic volumes often vary considerably within a city and hotspots of densely trafficked areas may give rise to microenvironments with increased respirable particulate levels. The primary objective of this thesis was to investigate whether a high density of local motor traffic would give rise to microenvironments with increased levels of respirable air particulates. A selection of streets in Cardiff city were allocated into exposed and control group according to traffic volumes. Levels of respirable air particulates were measured for each residential location both indoor and outdoor, and individual residents provided blood, urine, and hair samples for the analysis of trace elements, which may serve as biomarkers of exposure to air particulates from motor vehicles. Results showed that for both indoor and outdoor respirable air particulate concentrations, the levels were found to be higher in exposed areas than controls, and there was a moderately high correlation between indoor and outdoor concentrations. However, the study failed to demonstrate any differential uptake of trace elements as reflected by the lack of differences in the levels of biomarkers in the biological samples of subjects residing in different exposure areas. A separate study was carried out to investigate whether short-term changes in respirable air particulate levels would lead to acute exacerbation of disease symptoms in individuals with asthma, chronic respiratory diseases excluding asthma, and chronic cardiac diseases. Subjects were recruited through specialist hospital outpatient clinics located in South Wales and disease specific questionnaires were sent out during different episodes of respirable particulate air pollution. Results showed that symptoms of most subjects were not affected by short-term changes in air particulate levels, although individuals with more severe asthma and cardiac disease appeared to have benefited relatively more from lower levels of respirable air particulates than those with less severe disease symptoms as well as those suffering from chronic respiratory disease.
9

Pearcy, Charles M. "The impact of background resolution on Target Acquisitions Weapons Software (TAWS) sensor performance". Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/2232.

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Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited
This study evaluated the sensitivity of TAWS detection range calculations to the spatial resolution of scenario backgrounds. Sixteen independent sites were analyzed to determine TAWS background. Multispectral satellite data were processed to different spatial resolutions from 1m to 8km. The resultant imagery was further processed to determine TAWS background type. The TAWS background type was refined to include soil moisture characteristics. Soil moisture analyses were obtained using in situ measurements, the Air Force's Agricultural-Meteorological (AGRMET) model and the Army's Fast All-seasons Soil Strength (FASST) model. The analyzed imagery was compared to the current default 1o latitude by 1o of longitude database in TAWS. The use of the current default TAWS background database was shown to result in TAWS ranges differing from the 1m standard range by 18-23%. The uncertainty was reduced to 5% when background resolution was improved to 8km in rural areas. By contrast, in urban regions the uncertainty was reduced to 14% when spatial resolution was reduced to 30m. These results suggest that the rural and urban designations are important to the definition of a background database.
First Lieutenant, United States Air Force
10

Enthoven, Margaretha Ewdokija Maria. "The ability to bounce beyond the contribution of the school environment to the resilience of Dutch urban middle-adolescents from a low socio-economic background /". Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09192007-121410/.

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Livros sobre o assunto "Urban background":

1

Force, Victoria Docklands Task, ed. Docklands strategy: Background report. [Melbourne, Vic.]: The Task Force, 1992.

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2

Victoria. Dept. of Planning and Urban Growth. The Werribee growth area plan: A background report. [Melbourne]: The Department, 1990.

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3

Tim, Larson, Washington (State). Dept. of Transportation., Washington State Transportation Commission e Washington State Transportation Center, eds. Local background levels of carbon monoxide in urban areas. [Olympia, Wash: Washington State Dept. of Transportation, 1994.

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4

Satterthwaite, David. Urban poverty: Reconsidering its scale and nature : background paper. London: International Institute for Environment and Development, 1997.

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5

Michael, Joel. Tax increment financing project: A background paper. St. Paul, MN: Research Dept., Minnesota House of Representatives, 1990.

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6

Partnership, Worcester Quality. St. Clement's Gate: Background papers on local history, archaeology and urban morphology. Worcester: Worcester Quality Partnership, 1996.

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7

Novak, Kathy. Jobs and housing: Policy options for metropolitan development : a background paper. St. Paul, MN: Research Dept., Minnesota House of Representatives, 1994.

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8

1934-, Hendry John, e Queen's University of Belfast. Department of Architecture and Planning., eds. Conservation in Belfast: Final report on background research into strategies for urban conservation. [Belfast]: Queen's University of Belfast, Dept. of Architecture and Planning, 1987.

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9

Alexander, Karl L. The long shadow: Family background, disadvantaged urban youth, and the transition to adulthood. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2014.

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10

Metropolitan Toronto (Ont.). Planning Dept. Policy Development Division. Central area transportation issues: A background document in review of The official plan for the urban structure: Metropolitan Toronto. [Toronto]: The Division, 1988.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Urban background":

1

Stoutland, Sara E. "Theoretical Background". In Neither Urban Jungle Nor Urban Village, 21–45. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203823026-3.

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2

Wilbanks, Thomas J., e Steven Fernandez. "Background". In Climate Change and Infrastructure, Urban Systems, and Vulnerabilities, 3–16. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-556-4_2.

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3

Li, Bin. "Background of Urban Redevelopment". In SpringerBriefs in Geography, 13–29. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2928-3_2.

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AbstractThis chapter aims to analyse the geographic and institutional background, within an authoritarian regime, to understand the changing process of governance over the field of urban redevelopment. A brief introduction of Guangzhou will be displayed. Based on geographic information, relevant institutions are introduced. Institutional resources and power are distributed between different departments in government, and between government, markets, and communities. This distribution constrains and constructs the patterns of collective behaviours in redevelopment process in terms of influencing preference, locating resources and formulating strategies of different entities. Urban redevelopment is a crucial channel for authoritarian local state to pursue economic growth and political performance.
4

Thornbush, Mary J., e Sylvia E. Thornbush. "Research Background". In Heritage Stone Conservation in Urban Churchyards, 17–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76363-7_3.

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Soliman, Ahmed M. "Scientific, Knowledgeable Background, and Book Architecture". In Urban Informality, 3–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68988-9_1.

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Gao, Yan, e Shailaja Fennell. "Theoretical Background". In China’s Rural–Urban Inequality in the Countryside, 25–45. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8273-3_2.

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Ripp, Matthias. "Theoretical Background". In A Metamodel for Heritage-based Urban Development, 15–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08238-2_3.

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Sarkar, Basudatta, e Haimanti Banerji. "Background, Theory, and Development". In Designing Trans-Generational Urban Communities, 13–43. London: Routledge India, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032623634-2.

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Kurek, Sławomir, Mirosław Wójtowicz e Jadwiga Gałka. "Functional Urban Areas—Theoretical Background". In Functional Urban Areas in Poland, 11–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31527-6_2.

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Ahmed, Suneela. "Background and introduction". In Urban Architecture and Local Spaces in Pakistan, 1–18. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003246275-1.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Urban background":

1

Reddick, E., M. Millett e J. Burkhardt. "Neutron Background Measurements in an Urban Environment". In 2020 ANS Virtual Winter Meeting. AMNS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/t123-32910.

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2

Lv, Congna. "Smart Lighting Helps Urban Renewal and Development under the Background of Urban Culture". In International Conference on Construction and Real Estate Management 2023. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784485217.076.

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3

Rodger, Iain, Barry Connor e Neil M. Robertson. "Recovering background regions in videos of cluttered urban scenes". In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icip.2015.7351576.

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4

Cheung, Sen-ching S., e Chandrika Kamath. "Robust techniques for background subtraction in urban traffic video". In Electronic Imaging 2004, editado por Sethuraman Panchanathan e Bhaskaran Vasudev. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.526886.

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Wang, Y. N., e J. N. Zhou. "A Lucas-Kanade moving object detection algorithm based on Gaussian mixture background modelling". In International Conference on Civil, Urban and Environmental Engineering. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/cuee140121.

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Yu, Xinran. "Research On the Automotive Aftermarket Development Strategy Under the Background of “Dual-Carbon”". In 2021 Smart City Challenges & Outcomes for Urban Transformation (SCOUT). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/scout54618.2021.00050.

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Xiang-yan, Lee, e Lee Kun-Fa. "Research on BIM Building Space Design under the Background of Internet of Things". In 2020 International Conference on Urban Engineering and Management Science (ICUEMS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icuems50872.2020.00032.

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Zhang, Hui, Ankit Kariryaa, Venkanna Babu Guthula, Christian Igel e Stefan Oehmcke. "Predicting urban tree cover from incomplete point labels and limited background information". In UrbanAI '23: 1st ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on Advances in Urban-AI. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3615900.3628791.

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Hwang, Pyung-Soo, Ki-Yeol Eom, Jae-Young Jung e Moon-hyun Kim. "A Statistical Approach to Robust Background Subtraction for Urban Traffic Video". In 2009 Second International Workshop on Computer Science and Engineering. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcse.2009.790.

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Fuks, Kateryna, Sabine Hertel, Anja Viehmann, Michael Nonnemacher, Susanne Moebus, Hermann Jakobs, Christoph Kessler, Raimund Erbel, Karl-Heinz Jöckel e Barbara Hoffmann. "Long-term Urban Background Particulate Air Pollution Increases Arterial Blood Pressure". In American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a1712.

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Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Urban background":

1

Wood, Paul. Urban Native American Educational Attitudes: Impact of Educational Background and Childhood Residency. Portland State University Library, janeiro de 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6414.

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Sorensen, Mark, Jac Smit e Valerie Barzetti. Good Practices for Urban Greening. Inter-American Development Bank, maio de 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008814.

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This report seeks to provide the reader with a strong background on the benefits, challenges, and approaches to the development of a sustainable urban greening program. The examples and ideas in the report draw on the expertise and acumen of more than 300 professionals from 23 countries; people who work in all reaches of the private and public sector, with insights on the political, administrative, technical, financial and social aspects of urban greening. Many of these people came together to share their experience and knowledge at the 1996 Mexico City Seminar on Urban Greening sponsored by the Bank, where they also participated in workshops specifically designed to review an earlier draft of this publication. This final report represents the culmination of the efforts of these professionals and the staff of the IDB.
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Aguiar Borges, Luciane, Lisa Rohrer e Kjell Nilsson. Green and healthy Nordic cities: How to plan, design, and manage health-promoting urban green space. Nordregio, janeiro de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/r2024:11403-2503.

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This handbook is the culmination of the NORDGREEN project, which develops and implements smart planning and management solutions for well-designed, high-quality green spaces that promote health and well-being. Researchers and practitioners worked alongside one another in six Nordic cities: Aarhus (Denmark), Espoo and Ii (Finland), Stavanger (Norway), and Täby and Vilhelmina (Sweden). Together, the researchers and practitioners applied methods including GIS data analysis, statistical analysis, PPGIS surveys and analysis, policy document analysis, interviews, and evidence-based design models. The handbook uses an innovative framework based on the multi-disciplinary approach of the project, using epidemiological studies, environmental psychology, policy and management, and citizen participation. These fields of study and their respective methodologies are divided into the four so-called NORD components—NUMBERING, OBSERVING, REGULATING, and DESIGNING—which, accompanied by a BACKGROUND section reviewing the evidence linking green space and human health, form the bulk of the handbook. Some key take-away messages from these chapters include: There is a fairly broad consensus that access to, and use of, natural and green areas have a positive influence on people’s health and well-being. Both perceived and objective indicators for access to green space and for health are needed for making a more comprehensive evaluation for how people’s health is influenced by green space. Citizens’ experiential, local knowledge is a vital component of urban planning, and PPGIS can offer practitioners the opportunity to gather map-based experiential knowledge to provide insights for planning, designing, and managing green spaces. Alignment, both vertically across the political, tactical, and operational levels, as well as horizontally across departments, is critical for municipal organisations to foster health-promoting green spaces. Evidence-based design models can provide important categories and qualities for diagnosing the gaps in existing green spaces and designing green spaces with different scales and scopes that respond to the various health and well-being needs of different people. Based on the research and lessons learned from the six case study cities, the handbook provides practitioners with a TOOLBOX of adaptable methods, models, and guidelines for delivering health-promoting green spaces to consider in their own contexts. By reading this handbook, planners and policymakers can expect to gain (1) a background on the evidence linking green spaces and health, practical tools for planning, designing, and managing green spaces, (2) tips from researchers regarding the challenges of using various methods, models, and guidelines for delivering health-promoting green space, and (3) inspiration on some success stories emerging from the Nordic Region in this area of study. The handbook covers a wide range of health and urban green space topics. Landscape architects will find evidence-based design models for enhancing existing green space design processes. Planners will find methods and guidelines for identifying, collecting, and analysing both qualitative and quantitative green space and health data from statistical databases, national citizen surveys, and map-based participatory surveys. And all practitioners will find guidelines for achieving programmatic alignment in their work for delivering health-promoting green space.
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Schnabel, Filipina, e Danielle Aldridge. Effectiveness of EHR-Depression Screening Among Adult Diabetics in an Urban Primary Care Clinic. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, abril de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/con.dnp.2021.0003.

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Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) and depression are important comorbid conditions that can lead to more serious health outcomes. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) supports routine screening for depression as part of standard diabetes management. The PHQ2 and PHQ9 questionnaires are good diagnostic screening tools used for major depressive disorders in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). This quality improvement study aims to compare the rate of depression screening, treatment, and referral to behavioral health in adult patients with DM2 pre and post-integration of depression screening tools into the electronic health record (EHR). Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review on patients aged 18 years and above with a diagnosis of DM2 and no initial diagnosis of depression or other mental illnesses. Chart reviews included those from 2018 or prior for before integration data and 2020 to present for after integration. Sixty subjects were randomly selected from a pool of 33,695 patients in the clinic with DM2 from the year 2013-2021. Thirty of the patients were prior to the integration of depression screening tools PHQ2 and PHQ9 into the EHR, while the other half were post-integration. The study population ranged from 18-83 years old. Results All subjects (100%) were screened using PHQ2 before integration and after integration. Twenty percent of patients screened had a positive PHQ2 among subjects before integration, while 10% had a positive PHQ2 after integration. Twenty percent of patients were screened with a PHQ9 pre-integration which accounted for 100% of those subjects with a positive PHQ2. However, of the 10% of patients with a positive PHQ2 post-integration, only 6.7 % of subjects were screened, which means not all patients with a positive PHQ2 were adequately screened post-integration. Interestingly, 10% of patients were treated with antidepressants before integration, while none were treated with medications in the post-integration group. There were no referrals made to the behavior team in either group. Conclusion There is no difference between the prevalence of depression screening before or after integration of depression screening tools in the EHR. The study noted that there is a decrease in the treatment using antidepressants after integration. However, other undetermined conditions could have influenced this. Furthermore, not all patients with positive PHQ2 in the after-integration group were screened with PHQ9. The authors are unsure if the integration of the depression screens influenced this change. In both groups, there is no difference between referrals to the behavior team. Implications to Nursing Practice This quality improvement study shows that providers are good at screening their DM2 patients for depression whether the screening tools were incorporated in the EHR or not. However, future studies regarding providers, support staff, and patient convenience relating to accessibility and availability of the tool should be made. Additional issues to consider are documentation reliability, hours of work to scan documents in the chart, risk of documentation getting lost, and the use of paper that requires shredding to comply with privacy.
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Guðmundsdóttir, Hjördís, Maja Brynteson e Sigrid Jessen. Should I stay or should I go? Early career mobility and migration drivers. Nordregio, outubro de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/wp2023:71403-2511.

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Where do young people wish to settle down, and why? Recent data show a high level of internal migration among young adults in the Nordic region, with a striking differences in migration intensities between people in their 20s compared to people in their 30s. Exploring current trends in mobility is vital for regional integration and prosperity, planning provisions and projections. The attraction of young individuals from urban areas and university towns to non-metropolitan regions is an important source of economic growth for many regions. The review of young people's mobility behaviour in the early career stage in the Nordic countries highlights that migration decisions are influenced by a set of various push and pull factors, working simultaneously. It is important to understand the background of the mover, where the behavior of the mover is impacted by educational background and industrial specialisation, geographical origin, gender, income-level and civic status. Learning more about current migration drivers and migration aspirations of the early career cohorts in the Nordic countries will help policymakers to shape the future of Nordic labour markets and better prepare the future labour supply and demands in rural areas. This working paper present the main findings from previous studies on migration drivers and will serve as a baseline for the data collection on migration history and migration aspirations of young people in the Nordic countries.
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Rangel, Marcos, Luana Marotta, Cynthia van der Werf, Suzanne Duryea, Marcelo Drouet Arias e Lucina Rodríguez Guillén. Barriers to Immigrant Assimilation: Evidence on Grading Bias in Ecuadorian High Schools. Inter-American Development Bank, março de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005681.

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We investigate the assimilation of immigrant youth in Ecuador. Focusing on formal schooling and employing administrative data from high schools, we document subtle ways by which assessment biases against students with an immigrant background play a significant role in this assimilation process. We find that, after holding constant performance on blindly scored proficiency tests, teacher-assigned grades in Mathematics and Spanish are consistently lower for students from immigrant families. We show that these results are robust with respect to the omission of socio-emotional and behavioral traits that are likely valued by teachers. These differentials are larger for male students and those attending urban schools. While these grading differentials have direct impact over high school graduation rates, they may also discourage future human capital investments, potentially leading to lower college attendance, distorted choice of major, and sub-optimal labor market outcomes, which are all well know elements for the economic assimilation of immigrants.
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Toch, Eran. Smart City Technologies in Israel: A Review of Cutting-Edge Technologies and Innovation Hubs. Inter-American Development Bank, agosto de 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007986.

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This discussion paper was developed by the Inter-American Development Bank’s (IDB) Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Division in collaboration with the Knowledge, Innovation and Communication Department (KIC). It was financed through the Cutting-Edge Knowledge Fund. Smart cities reveal the potential of innovative technologies to tackle tough and longstanding problems in cities and dramatically improve the way municipalities operate. Cities in Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries have a pressing need for solutions that can challenge existing problems while providing a solid return on investment. In recent years, Israel has developed a unique ecosystem approach toward its smart city technology, with a unique focus on collaboration between research institutes, local governments, and private entrepreneurs. This paper explains how the ecosystem developed and how it can benefit cities and residents. The paper starts by providing background information on the various drivers behind smart city innovation in Israel, including the information industry and government agencies. It then focuses on technologies developed in Israel, providing descriptions and a comprehensive analysis of cutting-edge solutions for smart cities developed by an ecosystem of companies, universities, governments, and startups. Later on, provides an overview of the research and development centers in Israel and the dynamics that fuel creative centers, focusing on the startup ecosystem, academic centers, and established IT companies.
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Canto, Patricia, ed. The role of vocational training knowledge intensive business services. (Main conclusions). Universidad de Deusto, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18543/vyqr9353.

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In the global economic model, the service sector continues to gain ground on the manufacturing sector and trends such as the integration of new technologies into production processes are advancing inexorably. Advanced economies are pushed to specialise, supported by their regional innovation systems, and cities are emerging as key and strategic centres of activity. In this context, Knowledge Intensive Business Services (KIBS) are presented as critical due to their capacity to promote innovation within the regional productive fabric and smart specialisation strategies, the promotion of advanced manufacturing, the generation of quality employment and the stimulation of economic growth, especially in urban environments. This is why many cities, prioritizing KIBS to stimulate their economy, need to create and retain talent for this sort of industry. Likewise, vocational and education training (VET) systems, such as the Basque VET system, have so far developed their greatest strengths in the field of manufacturing knowledge. Due to this, VET seems to be obliged to adapt to this new scenario, in which KIBS and cities stand out, in order to continue to maintain their level of excellence. KIBS have been extensively examined, but until now no one had posed the following questions: What is the role of vocational training in KIBS? To what extent are VET profiles (and will VET profiles be) relevant in KIBS? This study will show an emerging trend in the labour market. This is the growing relevance of technology profiles with VET background in KIBS, especially in technology-based KIBS. VET technology profiles can be consolidated as one of the main implementing agents of the digital transformation (cybersecurity, blockchain, cloud computing, UX design, artificial intelligence, scientific computing...). To this end, hybridisation with other fields of knowledge but also with studies of other kinds such as university studies may be essential.
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Birk, Steffen, Christian Griebler, Johannes C. Haas, Alice Retter, Ainur Kokimova, Constanze Englisch, Santiago Gaviria, Johannes Grath, Heike Brielmann e Christine Stumpp. Impact of extreme hydrological events on the quantity and quality of groundwater in alpine regions – multiple-index application for an integrative hydrogeo-ecological assessment. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, setembro de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/ess-integrative-groundwater-assessment.

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Freshwater ecosystems in mountain areas are considered important water resources and biodiversity hotspots that are highly sensitive to changes in climate. The Alpine region is known to be particularly affected by climate change, including changes in hydrological extremes such as droughts and floods, which are expected to become more frequent and intense. Despite the importance of groundwater as a primary water resource, climate change impacts on groundwater quality, including those resulting from hydrological extremes, have been rarely addressed to date. Moreover, groundwater monitoring is currently focused on physical-chemical indicators, whereas groundwater ecological features such as biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are hardly considered. Against this background, this project addressed the following overarching research question: How do groundwater systems in an alpine and prealpine environment respond to extreme hydrological events in terms of water quantity and chemical quality as well as ecological status? To address this question, the valley of the river Mur from its alpine source area at 2000 m a.s.l. to the Austrian–Slovenian border at 200 m a.s.l. was considered. Thus, the investigation area included alpine and prealpine areas, different type of hydrogeological settings and different human impacts. Existing long-term data was complemented by high-resolution monitoring over time and sampling campaigns addressing wastewater-borne micro-pollutants, microbiological parameters, and groundwater fauna. Our results demonstrate a deterioration of water quality from the alpine source area towards the foreland, corresponding to the more intense agricultural and urban land use in the foreland. The vulnerability of groundwater systems to hydrological extremes is closely related to linkages between water quantity and water quality, which are found to be determined by the groundwater recharge mechanisms and their spatiotemporal dynamics. To achieve a more holistic assessment of groundwater systems, we recommend that their ecosystem nature is taken into account by microbiological indicators that complement existing hydrological and hydrochemical indices. The B-A-(E) index is proposed for this purpose but needs further development by transciplinary research involving local experts and stakeholders to define appropriate reference conditions that enable classifications into meaningful water-quality categories.
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Just, Richard E., Eithan Hochman e Sinaia Netanyahu. Problems and Prospects in the Political Economy of Trans-Boundary Water Issues. United States Department of Agriculture, fevereiro de 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573997.bard.

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The objective of this research was to develop and apply a conceptual framework for evaluating the potential of trans-boundary bargaining with respect to water resource sharing. The research accomplished this objective by developing a framework for trans-boundary bargaining, identifying opportunities for application, and illustrating the potential benefits that can be gained thereby. Specifically, we have accomplished the following: - Developed a framework to measure the potential for improving economic efficiency considering issues of political feasibility and sustainability that are crucial in trans-boundary cooperation. - Used both cooperative and non-cooperative game theory to assess feasible coalitions among the parties involved and to model potential bargaining procedures. - Identified empirically alternative schemes of cooperation that both improve upon the economic efficiency of present water usage and appease all of the cooperating parties. - Estimated the potential short-run and long-run affects of water reallocation on the agricultural sector and used this information to understand potential strategies taken by the countries in bargaining processes. - Performed case studies in Israeli-Jordanian relations, the relationship of Israel to the Palestinian Authority, and cooperation on the Chesapeake Bay. - Published or have in process publication of a series of refereed journal articles. - Published a book which first develops the theoretical framework, then presents research results relating to the case studies, and finally draws implications for water cooperation issues generally. Background to the Topic The increase in water scarcity and decline in water quality that has resulted from increased agricultural, industrial, and urban demands raises questions regarding profitability of the agricultural sector under its present structure. The lack of efficient management has been underscored recently by consecutive years of drought in Israel and increased needs to clean up the Chesapeake Bay. Since agriculture in the Middle East (Chesapeake Bay) is both the main water user (polluter) and the low-value user (polluter), a reallocation of water use (pollution rights) away from agriculture is likely with further industrial and urban growth. Furthermore, the trans-boundary nature of water resources in the case of the Middle East and the Chesapeake Bay contributes to increased conflicts over the use of the resources and therefore requires a political economic approach. Major Conclusions, Solutions, Achievements and Implications Using game theory tools, we critically identify obstacles to cooperation. We identify potential gains from coordination on trans-boundary water policies and projects. We identify the conditions under which partial (versus grand) coalitions dominate in solving water quality disputes among riparian countries. We identify conditions under which linking water issues to unrelated disputes achieves gains in trans-boundary negotiations. We show that gains are likely only when unrelated issues satisfy certain characteristics. We find conditions for efficient water markets under price-determined and quantity-determined markets. We find water recycling and adoption of new technologies such as desalination can be part of the solution for alleviating water shortages locally and regionally but that timing is likely to be different than anticipated. These results have been disseminated through a wide variety of publications and oral presentations as well as through interaction with policymakers in both countries.

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