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1
Hemmers, Carina. "Nyungar wiring boodja : Aboriginality in urban Australia". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3448.
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The present thesis examines the themes of ‘shared history,' ‘place-making,' and ‘reconciliation' to assess how these come together in the establishment of an Aboriginal identity in Perth, Western Australia. Focusing on individuals who do not represent the common stereotypes associated with Aboriginal Australians, it will be demonstrated that these individuals are forced into an in-between place where they have to continually negotiate what Aboriginality means in the twenty-first century. Taking on this responsibility they become mediators, stressing a ‘shared history' in order to create a place for themselves in the non-Aboriginal landscape and to advance reconciliation between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Australia by fighting the dominant discourse from within. Beginning with the State and Government's Native Title appeal premiss that Nyungar never existed, this thesis will examine this claim by first presenting an account of the history of southwest Western Australia to establish the place Aboriginal people have been forced into by the colonists during early settlement, and the processes of which extend into the present day. From there on in the focus will be on individual Aboriginal people and their careers and businesses, examining how they attempt to redefine what is perceived and accepted as Aboriginality through different interaction and mediation ‘tactics' with non-Aboriginal Australians. Finally, this thesis will take a closer look at the reconciliation movement in Australia and the people involved in it. It will determine different approaches to reconciliation and assess their possibility and meaning for the construction of a twenty-first century Aboriginal identity. The thesis will conclude that although Nyungar are forced into the dominant discourse, their resistance from within credits a new kind of Aboriginality that is just as valid as the ‘traditional' and ‘authentic' Aboriginality imagined by non-Aboriginal Australia.
2
Orchard, Lionel. "Whitlam and the cities : urban and regional policy and social democratic reform". Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pho641.pdf.
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3
Kickett-Tucker, Cheryl S. "Urban Aboriginal children in sport: Experiences, perceptions and sense of self". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1999. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1258.
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The purpose of this study was to describe the sense of self for a group of urban Western Australian Aboriginal children through analysing their perspectives and experiences in school sport and physical education. A symbolic interaction inquiry paradigm complemented with qualitative data collection methods was utilised. Informal conversational interviews and nonparticipant observations were employed. Interviews were conducted with participants and those whom they reported as their significant others. Participants were also observed in the school sport setting during physical education classes and intra and inter school sport competitions. Eight Western Australian Aboriginal children who resided in an urban suburb of Perth, Western Australia and attended a coeducational state school were the participants. Upper primary students, aged 11 to 12 years were included with an equal representation of both males and females. Data were analysed in accordance with Colaizzi’s (1978) procedure. Significant participant responses were extracted and meanings were identified in order to group the meanings into various themes. It was found that Aboriginal students mostly experienced positive interactions with others in the school sport setting. They demonstrated above average sport skills and were consistently rewarded with praise from their fellow peers and teachers. Aboriginal students did not enjoy physical education since it limited their participation, social interaction with others and their enjoyment. Team sports were preferred, but females reported that they disliked coeducational sport competition. Aboriginal students reported that participating in sport (particularly team sports) made them feel happy about themselves since it provided an opportunity for them to feel proud of identifying as an Aboriginal. Opportunities for equality and acceptance from others were more accessible in the school sport domain, since feedback for performances was constant and contained positive information. Feedback was often supplied immediately after a performance and was directed to the student concerned. For some though, sport participation could also result in students experiencing shame. This occurred when a mistake was performed or when significant "others" were present and observed their participation. In all, school sport provided the opportunities for Aboriginal students to develop positive and favourable self-perceptions, particularly with regard to their Aboriginal identity.
4
Rudd, Dianne Marie. "Women and migration : internal and international migration in Australia /". Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phr914.pdf.
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5
Whitman, Paula. "Measuring urban improvement : a study of Main Street". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1992. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/35973/1/35973_Whitman_1992.pdf.
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The term 'Main Street' is used to describe a particular approach to town centre revitalisation aimed at mitigating the economic, social and environmental impacts of urban decline and decay. Originally a North American phenomenon, the concepts of Main Street have evolved under the auspices of the National Trust for Historic
Preservation in the United States since 1977, and the Heritage Canada Foundation since 1979. As a relatively recent import, Main Street is currently being introduced
throughout Australia as a means of addressing the various symptoms of town centre
decline. As such, Main Street can be viewed as the successor of a long series of
interventions aimed at urban improvement. The programme's strength is commonly nominated to be its integrated method. Adopting and modifying the North American 'four point approach', Main Street as it has come to be practiced in this country promotes a five point approach that involves action related to organisation, design, heritage, business and promotion. When considering these actions, three major objectives of Main Street become apparent. These priorities generally fall under the headings of economic, social and physical
objectives. In practice, these three objectives are interdependent, working together to
bring about significant long term change and improvement.
While the methods and intentions of Main Street are clearly established and well documented, one particular area related to the programme remains somewhat
unexplored. This area is the assessment of the process itself. The imperative of the programme is quite obviously improvement. Yet the measure of improvement is an activity rarely undertaken. This is largely due to the fact that guidelines and precedents for such a process do not exist as part of the Main Street methodology.
The recording of progress in the three areas of economic, social and physical change
offer quite different challenges. Appraisal of economic factors, if programmed
correctly, can be easily incorporated in an assessment procedure through the consideration of variables such as. land values, retail sales figures, occupancy and
rerital rates. Similarly, the social impact of an improvement programme can be noted through surveys of businesses and residents. Yet methods of recording the impact of physical change remam somewhat undeveloped, rarely venturing beyond the haphazard routine of 'before and after' photos. It is the intention of this thesis to
examine the issues related to the measurement of physical improvement. Particular attention will be paid to the consideration of four factors related to the physical
features of a streetscape, and the manner in which such factors can be reliably rated as a record of streetscape condition. Such an investigation will test Main Street's
capacity to fulfil its self-appointed role as a catalyst in the process of town centre regeneration and urban improvement.
6
Blackmore, Ernie. "Speakin' out blak an examination of finding an "urban" Indigenous "voice" through contemporary Australian theatre /". Click here for electronic access to document: http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20080111.121828/index.html, 2007. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20080111.121828/index.html.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Wollongong, 2007."Including the plays Positive expectations and Waiting for ships." Title from web document (viewed 7/4/08). Includes bibliographical references: leaf 249-267.
7
Hunter, Boyd Hamilton, e Boyd Hunter@anu edu au. "Changes in the Geographic Dispersion of Urban Employment in Australia". The Australian National University. Research School of Social Sciences, 1996. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20080215.102127.
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This thesis is an empirical investigation of the concentration of employment in Australian cities since 1976. In 1976, Australians shared the same access to employment irrespective of where they lived. However, by 1991 the employmentpopulation ratios varied systematically by socio-economic status. The purpose of this thesis is to use a variety of basic statistical techniques to discern whether it matters where one lives.¶
A panel of 9384 small urban areas is constructed from the last four censuses to enable us to fully document the increasing spatial employment inequality in urban areas and to analyse the possible causes and effects of this increase. The first two chapters describe the overall changes in employment inequality in the urban panel using several summary indexes. Group averages from deciles ranked by socio-economic status are used to illustrate the nature of the problem.¶
The more formal analysis of the causes of increasing inequality commences with a shift share analysis of the changes in employment levels. The results show that national changes in industry structure play an important role in determining the intra-urban distribution of employment. The index of sectoral change also varies systematically within Australian cities, with sectoral change being concentrated in low status areas. The apparent importance of industry structure in determining the geographic dispersion of employment points to employment demand being a significant part of the story.¶
Basic regression techniques and principal component analysis are also used to shed light on several possible inter-related causes and effects of the increasing inequality of employmentpopulation ratios including: increased concentrations of personal characteristics, spatial mismatch, neighbourhood effects and the development of an underclass.¶
There are three main findings about the causes and effects of neighbourhood employment inequality. Firstly, spatial mismatch within or between Australian cities is not an important explanation of the changes in the geographic dispersion of employment. Outside Sydney the location of workers vis-à-vis firms does not influence neighbourhood employmentpopulation ratios. However, even in Sydney, spatial mismatch provides a very limited explanation of neighbourhood inequality.¶
Secondly, substantial neighbourhood-specific effects on employmentpopulation ratios are apparent in the bottom decile(s) of urban neighbourhoods ranked by socio-economic status. These neighbourhood effects explain between one and two-thirds of the differential between the top and bottom decile. The rest of the differential can be explained by differences in endowments of personal characteristics such as human capital variables.¶
Finally, there is convincing evidence that class, and perhaps even an Australian underclass, are important determinants of the distribution of employment outcomes. The underclass in Australia, as measured using techniques similar to US studies, is still very small but is increasing at an alarming rate. However, the sensitivity analysis shows that the underclass, so measured, is closely related to a more general concept of class captured in standard socio-economic status indexes.¶
The scope of this thesis is limited by the regional aggregates supplied in all four censuses. Regional aggregates prevent us from asking subtle questions about who is being affected by the observed changes. The lack of adequate individual-level migration data for neighbourhoods means that it is not possible to directly test any hypothesis about social mobility. This thesis is merely a preliminary analysis of whether the local social environment is important.
8
Slater, John Gilmour. "Pictorial images of urban Australia 1919-1945 : attitudes and functions". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364430.
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Ford, Tania. "Population change in Adelaide's peri-urban region : patterns, causes and implications". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARM/09armf711.pdf.
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Errata slip inserted. Bibliography: leaves 282-298. Aims to contribute to a clearer understanding of the nature of current patterns of population change in the peri-urban region; conceptualized as a set of overlapping zones of net growth representing the product of four demographic processes (suburbanisation, counterurbanisation, population retention, centripetal migration). Considers three key aspects of peri-urban growth dynamics in the context of Adelaide's peri-urban region.
10
Rollinson, Daniel J., e n/a. "Synanthropy of the Australian Magpie: A Comparison of Populations in Rural and Suburban Areas of Southeast Queensland, Australia". Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040924.152124.
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The urbanised environment provides ecologists with unique situations in which to undertake ecological study. It has been said that urbanisation is like a natural experiment; we often have populations of animals that have gone from living in natural or semi-natural environments to living in a highly modified anthropogenic environment. These situations provide ideal settings to study the ecological and behavioural differences that may develop in populations located in different habitats. Urbanisation typically results in a minority of species dominating the fauna, and this thesis aimed to examine one such species, the Australian magpie. Despite the magpie being a common and well-liked suburban bird, the majority of previous research on this species has been undertaken within rural or exurban locations. This thesis aimed to examine what actually happens to the species when it lives in the suburban environment. In particular I focused on specific behavioural and ecological features, to see if there were any particular adaptations the suburban magpies showed and also if the suburban habitats provide certain resources favourable to the magpies and what ecological effects these may have. Comparisons of the territory structure and resources of rural and suburban magpies showed that although many features of the territory are similar between rural and suburban locations, notably the choice of native nest trees, magpie territories within suburban areas were smaller and contained more anthropogenic features. The reduced territory size may possibly be related to a greater abundance of key food resources also evident within suburban areas. Furthermore, suburban magpies are more successful in their foraging attempts, again possibly reflecting a more abundant food supply in suburbia and also the simplified nature of suburban foraging areas might facilitate more successful foraging. The increased foraging success is likely to explain the greater provisioning rate to nestling suburban magpies. Suburban magpies also utilised human provided foods. I quantified the extent of wildlife feeding within many of the suburban study sites of this thesis (through the use of questionnaire surveys). In each of the locations it was evident that at least one person (usually more) was providing a regular supply of food to wildlife and magpies appeared to be the main recipients of this food. Previous ecological studies suggest the provision of extra food to avian populations is likely to affect the breeding ecology, and this was so for magpies. The suburban populations initiated breeding significantly earlier than rural magpies. To test the influence of food, supplementary food was provided to rural magpies, not currently receiving any additional human provided foods. The fed rural magpies initiated breeding before control rural magpies (i.e. not receiving any additional food) but suburban magpies still initiated breeding before all other groups. This suggests additional factors present within suburbia, such as warmer temperatures, may also control the timing of breeding in magpies. Magpies in rural and suburban locations lived within different vertebrate communities. Within suburban magpie territories a greater number of intrusions were made by domestic animals, notably dogs (Canis lupus) and cats (Felis domesticus). The frequency of raptors entering the territorial areas occupied by magpies appears to suggest such events are more common in rural areas. The number of humans entering magpie territories was obviously greater in the more populated suburban areas and the majority of magpies responded neutrally to humans. However a group of magpies that previously exhibited extreme aggression towards humans were found to have a greater frequency of aggressive interactions with potential predatory intruders, which were primarily humans. Subsequent examination of the level of corticosterone from this aggressive group of magpies found that a high level of aggressive interactions with potential predators and humans is reflected in higher level of corticosterone, which may have implications for further behavioural and even physiological changes. An ability to habituate to human in urbanised areas is a key attribute of successful synanthropic species. Comparisons of magpies disturbance distances at different points along the urban gradient (the gradient that runs from the urbaised city to natural wildlands) found suburban magpies only responded to humans when they had approached to a close distance (often less than one metre) and many simply walked away to avoid the approaching human. Rural and exurban magpies responded to humans at greater distances than suburban magpies. The distance at which they responded to the human was usually 100 meters plus, and these magpies always flew away. A continuation of this investigation over a temporal scale again found the large difference in response to humans, with suburban magpies exhibiting a decreased response towards humans. However, a certain proportion of responses from suburban magpies were also aggressive. The examination of disturbance distance over the breeding season found that in suburban magpies the responses of most disturbance distance variables remained similar between breeding stages. Rural magpies, however, exhibited variation in their responses towards humans depending on the stage of breeding. It is suggested that the response of rural magpies may be a typical fear response towards an unusual potential threat. The studies presented in this thesis show that magpies have the behavioural capacity to take advantage of resources in suburban landscapes that are not available or are in lessor supply in rural landscapes, it is these abilities that facilitate the magpies synanthropy.
11
Cheung, Hing Cho. "Study of new particle formation in subtropical urban environment in Brisbane, Australia". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/60045/1/Hing_Cho_Cheung_Thesis.pdf.
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Atmospheric ultrafine particles play an important role in affecting human health, altering climate and degrading visibility. Numerous studies have been conducted to better understand the formation process of these particles, including field measurements, laboratory chamber studies and mathematical modeling approaches. Field studies on new particle formation found that formation processes were significantly affected by atmospheric conditions, such as the availability of particle precursors and meteorological conditions. However, those studies were mainly carried out in rural areas of the northern hemisphere and information on new particle formation in urban areas, especially those in subtropical regions, is limited. In general, subtropical regions display a higher level of solar radiation, along with stronger photochemical reactivity, than those regions investigated in previous studies. However, based on the results of these studies, the mechanisms involved in the new particle formation process remain unclear, particularly in the Southern Hemisphere. Therefore, in order to fill this gap in knowledge, a new particle formation study was conducted in a subtropical urban area in the Southern Hemisphere during 2009, which measured particle size distribution in different locations in Brisbane, Australia.
Characterisation of nucleation events was conducted at the campus building of the Queensland University of Technology (QUT), located in an urban area of Brisbane. Overall, the annual average number concentrations of ultrafine, Aitken and nucleation mode particles were found to be 9.3 x 103, 3.7 x 103 and 5.6 x 103 cm-3, respectively. This was comparable to levels measured in urban areas of northern Europe, but lower than those from polluted urban areas such as the Yangtze River Delta, China and Huelva and Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain. Average particle number concentration (PNC) in the Brisbane region did not show significant seasonal variation, however a relatively large variation was observed during the warmer season. Diurnal variation of Aitken and nucleation mode particles displayed different patterns, which suggested that direct vehicle exhaust emissions were a major contributor of Aitken mode particles, while nucleation mode particles originated from vehicle exhaust emissions in the morning and photochemical production at around noon. A total of 65 nucleation events were observed during 2009, in which 40 events were classified as nucleation growth events and the remainder were nucleation burst events. An interesting observation in this study was that all nucleation growth events were associated with vehicle exhaust emission plumes, while the nucleation burst events were associated with industrial emission plumes from an industrial area. The average particle growth rate for nucleation events was found to be 4.6 nm hr-1 (ranging from 1.79-7.78 nm hr-1), which is comparable to other urban studies conducted in the United States, while monthly particle growth rates were found to be positively related to monthly solar radiation (r = 0.76, p <0.05). The particle growth rate values reported in this work are the first of their kind to be reported for the subtropical urban area of Australia.
Furthermore, the influence of nucleation events on PNC within the urban airshed was also investigated. PNC was simultaneously measured at urban (QUT), roadside (Woolloongabba) and semi-urban (Rocklea) sites in Brisbane during 2009. Total PNC at these sites was found to be significantly affected by regional nucleation events. The relative fractions of PNC to total daily PNC observed at QUT, Woolloongabba and Rocklea were found to be 12%, 9% and 14%, respectively, during regional nucleation events. These values were higher than those observed as a result of vehicle exhaust emissions during weekday mornings, which ranged from 5.1-5.5% at QUT and Woolloongabba. In addition, PNC in the semi-urban area of Rocklea increased by a factor of 15.4 when it was upwind from urban pollution sources under the influence of nucleation burst events.
Finally, we investigated the influence of sulfuric acid on new particle formation in the study region. A H2SO4 proxy was calculated by using [SO2], solar radiation and particle condensation sink data to represent the new particle production strength for the urban, roadside and semi-urban areas of Brisbane during the period June-July of 2009. The temporal variations of the H2SO4 proxies and the nucleation mode particle concentration were found to be in phase during nucleation events in the urban and roadside areas. In contrast, the peak of proxy concentration occurred 1-2 hr prior to the observed peak in nucleation mode particle concentration at the downwind semi-urban area of Brisbane. A moderate to strong linear relationship was found between the proxy and the freshly formed particles, with r2 values of 0.26-0.77 during the nucleation events. In addition, the log[H2SO4 proxy] required to produce new particles was found to be ~1.0 ppb Wm-2 s and below 0.5 ppb Wm-2 s for the urban and semi-urban areas, respectively. The particle growth rates were similar during nucleation events at the three study locations, with an average value of 2.7 ± 0.5 nm hr-1. This result suggested that a similar nucleation mechanism dominated in the study region, which was strongly related to sulphuric acid concentration, however the relationship between the proxy and PNC was poor in the semi-urban area of Rocklea. This can be explained by the fact that the nucleation process was initiated upwind of the site and the resultant particles were transported via the wind to Rocklea. This explanation is also supported by the higher geometric mean diameter value observed for particles during the nucleation event and the time lag relationship between the H2SO4 proxy and PNC observed at Rocklea.
In summary, particle size distribution was continuously measured in a subtropical urban area of southern hemisphere during 2009, the findings from which formed the first particle size distribution dataset in the study region. The characteristics of nucleation events in the Brisbane region were quantified and the properties of the nucleation growth and burst events are discussed in detail using a case studies approach. To further investigate the influence of nucleation events on PNC in the study region, PNC was simultaneously measured at three locations to examine the spatial variation of PNC during the regional nucleation events. In addition, the impact of upwind urban pollution on the downwind semi-urban area was quantified during these nucleation events. Sulphuric acid was found to be an important factor influencing new particle formation in the urban and roadside areas of the study region, however, a direct relationship with nucleation events at the semi-urban site was not observed. This study provided an overview of new particle formation in the Brisbane region, and its influence on PNC in the surrounding area. The findings of this work are the first of their kind for an urban area in the southern hemisphere.
12
Paris, Chris. "Social theory and housing policy". Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/130120.
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Corbett, David Ian Bedford. "Alternative forms of citymaking: Insights and implications from South Africa and Australia". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/208153/1/David%20Ian%20Bedford_Corbett_Thesis.pdf.
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This study employed a comparative urbanism methodology to explore the interrelationship between formal approaches to urban governance and urban informality in Logan, Australia and Cape Town, South Africa. Through in-depth interviews, observations and a co-design workshop, the study investigates points of disconnection in the margins and ties these to issues of power, inclusion and the notion of a 'good' city. It proposes avenues for conducting comparative urban research across Global North and South cities. The thesis furthers knowledge of co-productive research with vulnerable participants, articulates the role of intermediaries in inclusive alternative citymaking, and challenges negative assumptions of urban informality.
14
Gandhi, Vidhu Built Environment Faculty of Built Environment UNSW. "Aboriginal Australian heritage in the postcolonial city: sites of anti-colonial resistance and continuing presence". Publisher:University of New South Wales. Built Environment, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41460.
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Aboriginal Australian heritage forms a significant and celebrated part of Australian heritage. Set within the institutional frameworks of a predominantly ??white?? European Australian heritage practice, Aboriginal heritage has been promoted as the heritage of a people who belonged to the distant, pre-colonial past and who were an integral and sustainable part of the natural environment. These controlled and carefully packaged meanings of Aboriginal heritage have underwritten aspects of urban Aboriginal presence and history that prevail in the (previously) colonial city. In the midst of the city which seeks to cling to selected images of its colonial past urban Aboriginal heritage emerges as a significant challenge to a largely ??white??, (post)colonial Australian heritage practice. The distinctively Aboriginal sense of anti-colonialism that underlines claims to urban sites of Aboriginal significance unsettles the colonial stereotypes that are associated with Aboriginal heritage and disrupts the ??purity?? of the city by penetrating the stronghold of colonial heritage. However, despite the challenge to the colonising imperatives of heritage practice, the fact that urban Aboriginal heritage continues to be a deeply contested reality indicates that heritage practice has failed to move beyond its predominantly colonial legacy. It knowingly or unwittingly maintains the stronghold of colonial heritage in the city by selectively and often with reluctance, recognising a few sites of contested Aboriginal heritage such as the Old Swan Brewery and Bennett House in Perth. Furthermore, the listing of these sites according to very narrow and largely Eurocentric perceptions of Aboriginal heritage makes it quite difficult for other sites which fall outside these considerations to be included as part of the urban built environment. Importantly this thesis demonstrates that it is most often in the case of Aboriginal sites of political resistance such as The Block in Redfern, the Aboriginal Tent Embassy in Canberra and Australian Hall in Sydney, that heritage practice tends to maintain its hegemony as these sites are a reminder of the continuing disenfranchised condition of Aboriginal peoples, in a nation which considers itself to be postcolonial.
15
Carter, May Elizabeth. "Health and the nature of urban green spaces". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2009. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1838.
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Recognition that city-dwelling people can benefit from contact with nature is not new. The urban open air movement of the 19th century advised retention of greenways and development of urban parks and gardens to stop disease spread through lack of fresh air, poor sanitation and overcrowding. Now, in the early 21st century, urban green spaces are under threat from inner city infill projects and clearing of remnant vegetation to accommodate suburban sprawl.
While much literature discusses positive health benefits of contact with nature, few studies explore explicit pathways between urban green space and health, despite mounting concern that disassociation between people and nature in urban communities may be detrimental to physical and mental health. This study explored how people’s attitudes toward nature might influence perceptions of nearby green spaces and feelings of attachment to living in their neighbourhood, and in turn, whether people with positive attitudes towards nature and positive perceptions of nearby green space would report better health.
A mixed method research design was adopted in this study. Exploration of research questions required objective measurement of relationships between different aspects of health and nature, and interpretation of the subjective meanings people attach to those relationships. Study design involved distribution of a cross-sectional survey to residents in four neighbourhoods in Perth, Western Australia with respondents invited to participate in a semi-structured interview. Neighbourhoods were selected based on location (either an inner or outer suburban area), age of neighbourhood (established or new), diversity of nearby green space, and socio-demographic characteristics. Data from 440 surveys and 25 interviews were analysed.
Attitudes towards urban nature were diverse and it was clear that feelings about natural environments strongly influenced preference and perceptions of useable green spaces, and for some people, their choice of neighbourhood. In essence, people who enjoyed spending time in nature were more inclined to seek green spaces within their neighbourhood environment that provided complexity and opportunities for exploration or escape. Those who professed little connection to nature and saw bushland areas as untidy, uninviting or unsafe, tended to be more concerned about aesthetic and functional aspects of green space design and preferred to visit ‘civilised’ parks and gardens with manicured lawns, formal paths and playgrounds.
Green spaces were important sites for physical activity, relaxation and social interaction and proximity to useable green space was a significant factor in predicting better selfreported health. In addition, neighbourhoods with trees and greenways were described as healthier places to live. People who lived in close proximity to parks and green spaces where social interaction regularly occurred, who reported that diverse green spaces and bushland areas were being retained in their neighbourhood, who cared about environmental issues and were interested in being involved in conservation activities, were more likely to report better physical function, general health, mental health and feelings of vitality. People who regularly visited nearby green spaces described feeling happier and more satisfied with living in their neighbourhood.
Encouraging people to regularly visit and become actively involved in caring for local nature reserves and parklands can play an important role in health promotion and preventive health strategies. Conservation, useability and management of diverse green spaces must be considered as a critical element of urban planning. This will only occur with continuing recognition of the health benefits that can be achieved by retaining diverse, quality green spaces within suburban neighbourhoods.
16
Gerner, R. P. "Urban design and the Better Cities Program the influence of urban design on the outcomes of the Program /". Connect to full text, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/578.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2002.Title from title screen (viewed Apr. 28, 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Dept. of Architecture, Planning and Allied Arts, Faculty of Architecture. Includes bibliography. Also available in print form.
17
Williams, B. G. "Monitoring urban stormwater inflows to the Barker Inlet Wetland in Adelaide, South Australia /". Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENS/09ensw7211.pdf.
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Ellis, Jennifer Michelle. "The Gap on the Block: Aboriginality, Subjectivity, and Agency in Contemporary Urban Australia". W&M ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1550153901.
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This thesis utilizes a theoretical and methodological approach that explores subjectivity as the relational, complex, fluid, multidimensional, recursive and intersectional modes in which social subjects are animated (Ortner 2005, 31). I discuss these different aspects of subjectivity construction through a contemporary example from urban Australia and by employing frameworks that underscore the agency of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples (Aboriginal or Aboriginal Australians) in constructing and maintaining their own subjectivities through discourses that challenge settler colonialism. I work to intertwine related theoretical approaches such as practice theory as defined by Sherry Ortner, and Pierre Bourdieu's discussion of the distinction of taste and its ties to unequal power relations in contemporary societies (Ortner 1984, 146; Bourdieu 1984, 57). Specifically, my study questions and problematizes the processes that constitute, perpetuate, and hinder the subjectivity formation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People (Aboriginal Australians) in an inner city suburb of Sydney, New South Wales called Redfern. My case study examines the intersection of Aboriginality (as both an ethnicity and as a facet of subjectivity), agency in contemporary urban Australia, and to a lesser extent the role of bureaucracy. I analyze these concepts in terms of their historical and cultural contexts, which complicate and inform contemporary lived experiences of members of Aboriginal communities in Redfern. Specifically, I argue that initiatives aimed at lowering inequality between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Australians as well as attempts at incorporating Aboriginal Sydneysiders into an Anglo-Australian society ultimately perpetuate longstanding tensions involving Aboriginality, agency, and subjectivity. This paper also argues that the adoption, contestation, maintenance, rejection, and construction of Aboriginality are inextricably tied with bureaucratic processes and the agency of Aboriginal Australians in Sydney, which can be seen through examples of initiatives such as this housing development that are aimed at combatting inequality between Aboriginal Australians and Anglo-Australians.
19
Arkun, Sedat. "Hyperspectral remote sensing and the urban environment : a study of automated urban feature extraction using a CASI image of high spatial and spectral resolution". Title page, contents, research aims and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARM/09arma721.pdf.
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Conran, Leigh Garde. "Establishment vegetation patterns in an artificial urban wetland as a basis for management". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envc754.pdf.
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Stenhouse, Renae N. "Ecology and management of bushland in Australian cities". University of Western Australia. School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0027.
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[Truncated abstract] Native vegetation (bushland) in urban areas remains in small, isolated patches embedded within a matrix of human-dominated land uses. Bushlands in urban areas have high biodiversity conservation and social values, and there has been a local-level movement towards protecting and managing urban bushlands in Australia. This thesis aims to test principles, theories and concepts relating to the ecology and management of bushland fragments in Australian cities ... A commonly used qualitative scale was compared with an ecologically based, quantitative technique developed in the research. The qualitative scale was found to be a reliable proxy for assessing vegetation condition, while also being more user-friendly for community groups and other bushland managers. The human-caused disturbances and weed cover in urban bushlands indicate a need for management intervention. Local government has an important role in local biodiversity management, yet there has been little research on this topic ... Positive partnerships developed where local governments have taken a ‘contract model’ approach to volunteer coordination, have a number of expectations of volunteer groups, and provide the groups with relatively high level of assistance. Also important is a local government that supports, respects, trusts and communicates with the community group, and recognises volunteers’ skills, knowledge and contributions. With increased resources allocated to local government bushland management and conservation, and coordination with community groups, the full potential of local bushland management would be realised.
22
Fant, Mary P. "Environment, people and planning in Mount Barker, South Australia : problems of the urban fringe /". Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envf216.pdf.
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Williams, Matthew R. "Diversity of butterflies and day-flying moths in urban habitat fragments, south-western Australia". Thesis, Curtin University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1757.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
This study adapted and developed methods of assessing and modelling biodiversity of butterflies and day-flying moths in habitat fragments, and determined those factors affecting their presence, abundance and species richness in a sample of 46 isolated urban remnants in south-west Western Australia. The specific objectives were to: (i) assess the effectiveness of transect–based sampling to quantify the species richness of habitat fragments; (ii) examine patterns of species richness in habitat fragments and quantify the detectability of each species recorded; (iii) review and rationalize the methods used to fit species–area–habitat models; and (iv) model species incidence, abundance and total richness of butterflies in urban habitat fragments and determine implications and priorities for their conservation.These objectives were achieved and the principal findings of the research are: (i) The transect method provides an accurate assessment of butterfly species richness in isolates provided that the level of sampling (proportion of area surveyed) is adequate, that sufficient surveys are conducted during the flight season to ensure high levels of detectability, and that surveys are conducted at appropriate times and during suitable weather conditions. Although randomly placed transects are preferable, logistic constraints often dictate the use of existing pathways, roadsides or management tracks – which requires the use of longer transects but is more practical in urban remnants.(i) The transect method provides an accurate assessment of butterfly species richness in isolates provided that the level of sampling (proportion of area surveyed) is adequate, that sufficient surveys are conducted during the flight season to ensure high levels of detectability, and that surveys are conducted at appropriate times and during suitable weather conditions. Although randomly placed transects are preferable, logistic constraints often dictate the use of existing pathways, roadsides or management tracks – which requires the use of longer transects but is more practical in urban remnants.(iii) Almost a century of fitting species–area curves has failed to produce agreement on which function is the best model of the relationship. Many of the proposed functions are identical, special cases of others or have arisen from transcription errors. Empirical comparison of these functions requires methods suited to the distribution of species number such as the generalized linear model, method of maximum likelihood and the information-theoretic approach, and proper attention to covariates and their interactions.(iv) Site area and vegetation condition were the dominant determinants of the presence, abundance and total species richness of resident butterflies and day-active moths in 46 urban habitat fragments in south-west Western Australia. Larger sites with more high quality (undisturbed) vegetation favoured 16 of 20 native species and only one benefited from disturbance. A further nine species not sufficiently widespread or abundant to enable individual analysis were collectively more prevalent in larger sites. Resource quality and quantity dominated the patterns of site occupancy, and increased site connectivity did not favour any species – results consistent with habitat resources, not metapopulation effects, determining current distribution patterns. As expected, the presence of non-resident species was unaffected by site area. The total number of resident species at each site reflected the collective responses of the individual species: increasing with area and declining with vegetation disturbance. The effects of area and vegetation quality were not simply additive: disturbance had a far greater impact on small remnants. This interaction is inconsistent with the area per se hypothesis: in the absence of disturbance there was no evidence of a species–area effect.This study is the first comprehensive, quantitative assessment of the distribution and ecology of butterflies and day-flying moths in Australian urban habitat fragments and provides a baseline against which future changes in species distributions may be measured. The results have important implications for the conservation of butterflies and day-flying moths in the region. Maintenance of vegetation quality is of paramount importance and is vital in smaller remnants. Large remnants, being less susceptible to local extinctions, will be essential for the persistence of many species. Many functions have been proposed to model the species–area relationship but empirical comparisons have been hindered by methodological problems – this study conducted a re-examination of the relationship and presents an appropriate framework to compare functions. This study is also one of few to demonstrate and quantify the importance of interactions in explaining patterns of species richness and should stimulate future research into the importance of these effects.
24
Williams, Matthew R. "Diversity of butterflies and day-flying moths in urban habitat fragments, south-western Australia". Curtin University of Technology, Department of Environmental Biology, 2009. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=129025.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
This study adapted and developed methods of assessing and modelling biodiversity of butterflies and day-flying moths in habitat fragments, and determined those factors affecting their presence, abundance and species richness in a sample of 46 isolated urban remnants in south-west Western Australia. The specific objectives were to: (i) assess the effectiveness of transect–based sampling to quantify the species richness of habitat fragments; (ii) examine patterns of species richness in habitat fragments and quantify the detectability of each species recorded; (iii) review and rationalize the methods used to fit species–area–habitat models; and (iv) model species incidence, abundance and total richness of butterflies in urban habitat fragments and determine implications and priorities for their conservation.These objectives were achieved and the principal findings of the research are: (i) The transect method provides an accurate assessment of butterfly species richness in isolates provided that the level of sampling (proportion of area surveyed) is adequate, that sufficient surveys are conducted during the flight season to ensure high levels of detectability, and that surveys are conducted at appropriate times and during suitable weather conditions. Although randomly placed transects are preferable, logistic constraints often dictate the use of existing pathways, roadsides or management tracks – which requires the use of longer transects but is more practical in urban remnants.
(i) The transect method provides an accurate assessment of butterfly species richness in isolates provided that the level of sampling (proportion of area surveyed) is adequate, that sufficient surveys are conducted during the flight season to ensure high levels of detectability, and that surveys are conducted at appropriate times and during suitable weather conditions. Although randomly placed transects are preferable, logistic constraints often dictate the use of existing pathways, roadsides or management tracks – which requires the use of longer transects but is more practical in urban remnants.
(iii) Almost a century of fitting species–area curves has failed to produce agreement on which function is the best model of the relationship. Many of the proposed functions are identical, special cases of others or have arisen from transcription errors. Empirical comparison of these functions requires methods suited to the distribution of species number such as the generalized linear model, method of maximum likelihood and the information-theoretic approach, and proper attention to covariates and their interactions.
(iv) Site area and vegetation condition were the dominant determinants of the presence, abundance and total species richness of resident butterflies and day-active moths in 46 urban habitat fragments in south-west Western Australia. Larger sites with more high quality (undisturbed) vegetation favoured 16 of 20 native species and only one benefited from disturbance. A further nine species not sufficiently widespread or abundant to enable individual analysis were collectively more prevalent in larger sites. Resource quality and quantity dominated the patterns of site occupancy, and increased site connectivity did not favour any species – results consistent with habitat resources, not metapopulation effects, determining current distribution patterns. As expected, the presence of non-resident species was unaffected by site area. The total number of resident species at each site reflected the collective responses of the individual species: increasing with area and declining with vegetation disturbance. The effects of area and vegetation quality were not simply additive: disturbance had a far greater impact on small remnants. This interaction is inconsistent with the area per se hypothesis: in the absence of disturbance there was no evidence of a species–area effect.
This study is the first comprehensive, quantitative assessment of the distribution and ecology of butterflies and day-flying moths in Australian urban habitat fragments and provides a baseline against which future changes in species distributions may be measured. The results have important implications for the conservation of butterflies and day-flying moths in the region. Maintenance of vegetation quality is of paramount importance and is vital in smaller remnants. Large remnants, being less susceptible to local extinctions, will be essential for the persistence of many species. Many functions have been proposed to model the species–area relationship but empirical comparisons have been hindered by methodological problems – this study conducted a re-examination of the relationship and presents an appropriate framework to compare functions. This study is also one of few to demonstrate and quantify the importance of interactions in explaining patterns of species richness and should stimulate future research into the importance of these effects.
25
Rashid, Kushairi. "A methodology to develop an urban transport disadvantage framework : the case of Brisbane, Australia". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2013. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/63657/1/Kushairi_Rashid_Thesis.pdf.
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Most individuals travel in order to participate in a network of activities which are important for attaining a good standard of living. Because such activities are commonly widely dispersed and not located locally, regular access to a vehicle is important to avoid exclusion. However, planning transport system provisions that can engage members of society in an acceptable degree of activity participation remains a great challenge. The main challenges in most cities of the world are due to significant population growth and rapid urbanisation which produces increased demand for transport. Keeping pace with these challenges in most urban areas is difficult due to the widening gap between supply and demand for transport systems which places the urban population at a transport disadvantage.
The key element in mitigating the issue of urban transport disadvantage is to accurately identify the urban transport disadvantaged. Although wide-ranging variables and multi-dimensional methods have been used to identify this group, variables are commonly selected using ad-hoc techniques and unsound methods. This poses questions of whether the current variables used are accurately linked with urban transport disadvantage, and the effectiveness of the current policies. To fill these gaps, the research conducted for this thesis develops an operational urban transport disadvantage framework (UTDAF) based on key statistical urban transport disadvantage variables to accurately identify the urban transport disadvantaged.
The thesis develops a methodology based on qualitative and quantitative statistical approaches to develop an urban transport disadvantage framework designed to accurately identify urban transport disadvantage. The reliability and the applicability of the methodology developed is the prime concern rather than the accuracy of the estimations. Relevant concepts that impact on urban transport disadvantage identification and measurement and a wide range of urban transport disadvantage variables were identified through a review of the existing literature. Based on the reviews, a conceptual urban transport disadvantage framework was developed based on the causal theory. Variables identified during the literature review were selected and consolidated based on the recommendations of international and local experts during the Delphi study. Following the literature review, the conceptual urban transport disadvantage framework was statistically assessed to identify key variables. Using the statistical outputs, the key variables were weighted and aggregated to form the UTDAF.
Before the variable's weights were finalised, they were adjusted based on results of correlation analysis between elements forming the framework to improve the framework's accuracy. The UTDAF was then applied to three contextual conditions to determine the framework's effectiveness in identifying urban transport disadvantage. The development of the framework is likely to be a robust application measure for policy makers to justify infrastructure investments and to generate awareness about the issue of urban transport disadvantage.
26
Jennens, Garth. "Domestic dog attacks on sheep in the urban fringe areas of Perth, Western Australia". Thesis, Jennens, Garth (2002) Domestic dog attacks on sheep in the urban fringe areas of Perth, Western Australia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2002. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/3374/.
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In common with many cities, Perth, Western Australia has a problem with domestic dogs attacking livestock, such as sheep on its urban fringe areas. The current study used multiple sources to document 1479 attacks on livestock on 1105 properties by 1900 dogs across eight metropolitan local authorities over a three-year period. The hypothesis that dog attacks on sheep are poorly understood by the community and continue as a result of inaction by local authorities, dog owners and livestock owners, rather than being an unavoidable predator/prey interaction, was supported. The predatory behaviour of domestic dogs and the anti-predatory behaviour of sheep were observed to be similar to that of wild canids and ungulates respectively.
The reluctance of local authorities to prosecute offenders and enforce by-laws meant that there was little voluntary compliance by dog owners to control their dogs. It therefore, became necessary for livestock owners to protect their livestock; however, most failed to take effective preventive measures.
Wild canids predominantly attack the head and neck of prey animals, whereas in contrast, domestic dogs may attack any part of a sheep. Examination of injury sites, in conjunction with information collected from other investigative techniques, assisted with the identification of the breed, size and number of dogs responsible. To overcome difficulties in locating a dog not sighted attacking, tracker-dogs were trained to follow the attacker's scent back to its home. The majority of dogs (60%) lived within 200 metres of the livestock they attacked and used the same route to and from the property on subsequent attacks.
A single or pair of owned dogs from the same household, belonging to 14 breeds were primarily responsible for attacks. Poor management by dog owners on inadequately fenced smallholdings enabled these dogs to wander unnoticed from their properties. Although most dog owners accepted evidence of their dogs' involvement, few accepted blame and most were surprised that their "friendly" pet could attack livestock. Unless dogs were destroyed, relocated or contained by their owners they were likely to attack again.
It is concluded that dog attacks occur commonly in urban fringe areas; however, with appropriate management of dogs and livestock these can be minimised.
27
Lambert, David J., e n/a. "Ecology of invertebrates and predator - prey interactions on mosquito larvae in urban wetlands, ACT Australia". University of Canberra. Applied Science, 1989. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060815.125401.
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Giralang Pond was a water body, with little emergent or submerged
vegetation, designed to trap fine sediment and buffer input of rising water
to Ginninderra Wetland downstream. Ginninderra Wetland was designed
to retain and use sediment nutrients and other potential hazardous materials
in urban run-off. Water in the Wetland was more turbid and had lower
magnesium concentration, redox potentials and dissolved oxygen
concentration than did Giralang Pond. Water temperature was a minimum
of 4 °C in the winter and reached a summer maximum of 30 °C
Giralang Pond had more organisms but fewer taxa than Ginninderra
Wetland. The greatest abundance in the pond resulted principally from
high numbers of two numerically dominant species Calamoecia sp. and
Micronecta sp.. More organisms were found in vegetated habitats of
Ginninderra Wetland than open water habitats. The number of
invertebrates and the number of taxa found in Typha domingensis did not
differ significantly from similar estimates for Schoenplectus validus,
Gambusia qffinis was the dominant predator in both water bodies. On
one occasion, G. qffinis reached population densities of 35 individuals per
m-2 . G. qffinis was five times more abundant in Gininnderra Wetland than
in Giralang Pond and also showed a preference for vegetated areas.
G. qffinis over-grazed it's prey on several occasions.
G. qffinis, invertebrate predators and prey followed a pattern of a
community in a stable predator-prey cycle. Prey in early spring increased
population numbers and then decreased when G. qffinis and other predators
increased their numbers. The pattern was further strengthened by occurring
in both areas of open water and vegetated habitat types.
28
Perveen, Sajida. "Modelling the transport impacts of urban growth scenarios: A perspective from South East Queensland, Australia". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/122902/1/Sajida_Perveen_Thesis.pdf.
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This research aimed to evaluate alternative urban growth scenarios by using representative transport impact indicators at different spatial and temporal scale. The assessment of key indicators at multi-scale level helped for ranking the alternative scenarios in terms of their suitability for promoting sustainable urban growth with least environmental externalities. In addition to the key transport impact indicators and alternative scenario of the future urban growth as major contributions to knowledge, this research provides an empirical approach to inform and assist decision-makers, practitioners and stakeholders in applying the meta-narrative of sustainable development at regional, city and local level.
29
Rastogi, Nandini. "Health risks of reusing wastewater in urban developments: A case study approach in Western Australia". Thesis, Rastogi, Nandini (2016) Health risks of reusing wastewater in urban developments: A case study approach in Western Australia. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 2016. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/33656/.
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Like many other cities, Perth is facing shortages of potable water. Water should be used as a sustainable resource so that it is available in future. The factors contributing to increasing water shortages include: an increasing population, decreasing rainfall, aging of existing supply system infrastructure, and continued inefficient water use. Efforts by the Western Australian community to overcome water scarcity include implementing garden watering restrictions, water efficient appliances, and the use of treated rainwater and the use of recycled water in a safe and sustainable manner to reduce pressures on limited drinking water resources. However, introducing wastewater as a source of water supply for non-potable water has its own limitations, including: pricing, health concerns, technology, and legislative challenges, all of which need to be addressed.
A new concept of treating wastewater onsite for commercial reuse in Western Australia is being applied by the Peppermint Grove Council. The Shire of Peppermint Grove (a suburb) is situated around thirteen kilometres from Perth (in Western Australia) on the north side of the Swan River and shares boundaries with the Towns of Claremont, Cottesloe and Mosman Park. Peppermint Grove is one of the Perth’s beautiful suburbs, known for its large character homes set in tranquil tree-lined streets and lush parks located on the shores of the Swan River, (http://www.peppermintgrove.wa.gov.au/your-shire/). The successful implementation of wastewater reuse requires an integrated consideration of the following: public health requirements, environmental requirements, appropriate technology, and management plan development.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate health risks in the Peppermint Grove initiative with reference to meeting the Western Australian (WA) and Australian Guidelines for recycling water in order to identify any potential adverse impacts on human health and the environment that need to be addressed.
The present research comprises a case study of Peppermint Grove where the latest technology in rainwater harvesting and wastewater treatment has been in use to achieve sustainable objectives. A case study of Peppermint Grove Council’s water recycling was undertaken to evaluate the grey water, yellow water, and brown water processing in regard to the WA and National guidelines.
The approximate volume of yellow water generated from the buildings was estimated as being between 110 litres to 135 litres per day (depending on low and high occupancy rates and the choice of water fixtures). The approximate volume of brown water generated from the buildings was estimated as being between 900 litres to 1700 litres per day (depending on low and high occupancy rates and the choice of water fixtures). The approximate volume of grey water generated from the buildings was estimated as being between 900 litres to 1100 litres per day (depending on low and high occupancy rates and the choice of water fixtures). Critical requirements that the regulatory authorities have highlighted need to be satisfied as part of the approvals process include the development of Operation and Maintenance Plans which effectively manage any risks associated with the systems, as well as evidence that funds will be made available for a regular maintenance program and asset replacement. However, yellow and brown water recycling, were not practically successful due to lack of support for maintenance and lack of funds for ongoing maintenance.
The study’s findings for grey water recycling, which was the greatest part of the existing scheme, were that Peppermint Grove Council was complying with the guidelines; and that for grey water, successive increases in levels of treatment results in reduced levels of risk associated with reuse. The findings for yellow and brown water recycling were that the council had failed to comply fully with the guidelines that govern this type of recycling.
There are several implications of this study: that the grey water recycling scheme was fully operational, but needed to improve in some areas to meet the guidelines; and that the yellow and brown water schemes failed, mainly due to maintenance and budgetary constraints.
Based on these findings, it appears that, at present, WA only has the capacity to successfully and commercially recycle grey water but not yellow or brown water.
30
Hoa, Vu Minh, e n/a. "Mosquito habitats and predation efficiency on mosquito populations in Ginninderra Wetland, Canberra, Australia". University of Canberra. Resource & Environmental Science, 1993. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060725.115344.
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The ecology of mosquito populations in relation to weather conditions,
emergent plants and predation in an urban wetland of Canberra was
studied. Anopheles annulipes, Aedes notoscriptus, Aedes australicus,
Aedes alboannulata, Culex annulirostris and Culex quinquefasciatus
were found. Temperature was a major climatic factor in determining
the abundance of mosquito populations in the wetland. First
collections and subsequent development of mosquitoes in Ginninderra wetland are likely to depend on local weather conditions each year.
The wetland proper was not a suitable habitat for mosquito breeding.
Tall emergent vegetation may have obstructed oviposition and
predation was also important in limiting colonization by mosquitoes.
Instead, isolated temporary waterbodies which were free of predators,
such as ground depressions, tyre tracks, domestic waste containers,
were the most important habitats for mosquitoes adjacent to the
Ginninderra wetland.
Field experiments found that predation of mosquito larvae by
mosquitofish Gambusia qffinis and notonectids Anisops was more
efficient in sunlight than shade and this was affected by the height of
emergent plants.
31
Speck, C. Randall (Charles Randall) 1970. "International real estate investments : an analysis of the public and private markets in Germany, Australia, France, and Japan". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70328.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 62-63).
In the past, international real estate investment has consisted of direct equity investment in foreign countries. Such investments have traditionally been considered to provide diversification benefits given that it was assumed that such properties were affected predominately by their respective domestic economies. Of course another benefit of international investment is the ability to seek out the best risk adjusted returns, wherever they may be. Due to the recent globalization and securitization trends, today investors are finding that they have another investment option, international real estate public markets. This thesis addresses several of the issues related to the emergence of these markets in four countries: Germany, Australia, France, and Japan. For each of these countries extensive data was obtained for both the private and public markets in order to statistically examine various related relationships. Specifically, this thesis attempts to find answers to the three following questions: 1. Are GDP, rents, private, and public prices following a random walk or a trend-reverting pattern? 2. How does the local economy affect the real estate markets? 3. How do the public and private real estate markets relate with each other? It is important to note that the purpose of this thesis was to systematically examine the data, and then to present the results. An in-depth analysis of the results was not the intent. For Question one it was found that the majority of the public prices were random whereas the results for rents and private prices were predominately persistent. Also, an absence of any significant trends was found for the real estate data. These results would tend to indicate that for all of the countries studied the public market was much more volatile, and presumably efficient, than the private market. Question two related directly to the issue of diversification. A significant contemporaneous relationship was found to exist between GDP and the private market. And an even stronger contemporaneous linkage between GDP and public prices was also found. It was thus concluded that shifting from direct investment to public market investment would not likely increase diversification benefits. The results for Question three indicated a strong contemporaneous relationship between rents and private prices. The lagged relationships for the rents-public was found to be stronger than the contemporaneous in all the cases. The results for the private-public relationship were not consistent. For all the countries, except Germany public prices were found to lead private prices.
by C. Randall Speck.
S.M.
32
Amirinejad, Ghazal. "Ambiguity at the peri-urban interface and its influences on flood management". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/130827/2/Ghazal_Amirinejad_Thesis.pdf.
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This study explores how current flood management policy-making has been influenced by a lack of accurate knowledge - and the substantial ambiguities that exist as an integral part of the peri-urbanisation phenomenon in South East Queensland, Australia. The central conclusion of this research is that land use management in a flood prone area is directly impacted by the peri-urban phenomenon with its spectrum of ambiguities. It was also found that an understanding of peri-urban characteristics differs substantially amongst key stakeholders, and, combined with both ambiguity and a context of rapid, often fragmented development, this difference in understanding may influence policy-making in flood prone areas.
33
Dhakal, Raju S. "Evaluating residential satisfaction with an innovative dual water supply system in water sensitive urban development". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2013. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/867.
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The Australian water industry is facing two major challenges: a rise in water demand due to a growing population and a decrease in rainfall availability due to a drying climate. This situation has triggered a re-evaluation of traditional water schemes and promoted consideration of alternatives for sustainable urban water management. One possibility is to replace drinking water usage in garden and outdoor irrigation with non-potable groundwater. This could save almost half of the water supplied in the residential sector, which is the biggest consumer of scheme water in most Australian cities. A major hurdle for the success of such fit-for-purpose groundwater schemes can be the lack of the resident’s participation and support. Currently there are uncertainties about the dynamic nature of individual’s attitudes in terms of satisfaction and accepting behaviours towards the fit-for-purpose water use. This can cause ambiguity in planning and implementation of such projects.
The main purpose of this thesis is to address the following specific research questions: What are the factors that determine residential satisfaction with and behaviours towards the fit-for-purpose groundwater system? and What are the implications of such water system for community, water utilities and urban planners?
These questions have been addressed through a quasi-experimental study utilizing two northern suburbs in Perth metropolitan: Ridgewood and “The Green”. “The Green” is selected as an experimental suburb and Ridgewood is selected as a control suburb, which is a standard metropolitan suburb having the usual main drinking water system. The use of non-drinking groundwater through the dual water supply system in “The Green” began in 2008 alongside the main water scheme. A broad spectrum of parallel literature from many disciplines was drawn upon to inform the research. Concurrent preliminary informal conversations with local residents and a number of field observations were helpful in refining and contextualising the research hypotheses regarding the determinants of residential satisfaction with the fit-for-purpose groundwater supply system in the context of water sensitive urban development.
An exploratory mixed method approach was adopted starting with qualitative preliminary interviews with local residents to inform the development of a survey instrument. This was followed by the administration of the survey questionnaires at household level to collect quantitative data to measure the relationship among variables and test a model of residential satisfaction. The survey data and the secondary data about residential water consumption were analysed to develop a workable model for residential satisfaction with and behaviour towards the dual water supply system and water sensitive urban environment. Finally, qualitative information during stakeholder interviews, meetings, and seminars was used to interpret the planning implications of the model and behavioural responses towards the water system and urban development.
The research results indicated that the majority of residents (70%) are satisfied with the nondrinking groundwater supply system in their home and neighbourhood. In “The Green”, the household drinking water consumption was reduced by 40% compared to the metropolitan average; however, excessive garden watering exemptions for new garden establishment caused 30% more water usage in “The Green” than the metropolitan average. This study found that the major components of residential environment satisfaction were the neighbourhood, neighbours, and home. Home satisfaction in “The Green” was determined mainly by home attributes and the garden satisfaction, which in turn was dependent upon garden attributes and satisfaction with the groundwater system. In this way, groundwater satisfaction had an indirect impact on home satisfaction mediated by garden satisfaction. The major determinants of groundwater satisfaction were: positive perceptions of operational issues, and risk of groundwater use (negative relationship), and preference for continuation of the groundwater system after its trial period.
The major research findings are explained in Chapter Six, Seven, and Eight. The dynamic nature of community attitudes and community behaviours towards the fit-for-purpose water projects at urban settings were explored, and the planning and development consequences of the implementation of the alternative water systems were explained. The results of this study are highly applicable for water providers, urban planners, and community developers in promoting the successful implementation as well as improvement of fit-for-purpose water systems from a policy perspective. This thesis equally contributes to building knowledge and understanding of residential satisfaction and its relationship to innovative dual water systems in water sensitive urban environments. It facilitates the sustainable management and planning of urban water resources. The research also demonstrates the need to integrate general models of community satisfaction with specific water system attitudes to provide an indication of the role of water supply systems in the overall success of water sensitive developments.
34
Chisholm, Cameron. "Bloodmeal analysis of urban Western Australian mosquito species for improved public health outcomes". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2022. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2504.
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Ross River virus & Barmah Forest virus are the two most prevalent arboviruses in Australia. Bloodmeal studies assist in improving the understanding of disease transmission cycles, which can consequently inform disease mitigation measures. This study involved the capture and analysis of bloodfed mosquitoes within metropolitan Perth to determine their bloodmeal source.
Mosquitoes were captured by a combination of sampling methods using carbon dioxide baited light traps, completed by local governments as a part of their standard mosquito control programs, and by aspiration conducted by the researcher. The DNA contained within mosquito bloodmeals was extracted and amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction using a universal vertebrate primer. The data from sampling was analysed to determine if there were any geospatial trends and to determine the implications for Ross River Virus transmission cycles within the Perth Metropolitan area.
Of the 21 bloodfed samples obtained 17 were found to have fed on humans, one on a crow, one on a common brushtail possum and the remainder were inconclusive. This study suggests that humans are a common source of bloodmeals within urban settings and may form a part of disease transmission cycles. It also further affirms the suggestions that Aedes notoscriptus is a vector of significance within urban areas. This study highlights the need for further bloodmeal studies to be conducted to better understand RRV transmission within urban areas.
35
Bannerman, James. "The Impact of Urban Consolidation on the Planning and Management of Open Space in Western Australia". Thesis, Curtin University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/84805.
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There are concerns that increases in dwelling density brought about by urban consolidation might require changes in open space policy to ensure liveability does not deteriorate. A mixed methods approach was adopted utilising semi-structured interviews, spatial analysis and content analysis. It was found that although there were concerns around open space provision there were many other issues that were considered more important The research was carried out through the lens of liveability and governance.
36
French, Rachel. "Modelling urban runoff : volume and pollutant concentration of the Barker Inlet Wetland Catchment". Title page, abstract and contents only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENS/09ensf875.pdf.
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Bibliography :leaves 158-171. A monitoring program, funded by the South Australian government (through the former MFP Development Corporation), was established to monitor the quality and quantity of storm water entering and leaving the wetland. This study formed part of the funded program. Simple regression models were developed; and will assist in the monitoring of performance of the wetland to alleviate the pollutant load into the Barker Inlet.
37
Livingston, Daniel John Civil & Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Institutions and decentralised urban water management". Publisher:University of New South Wales. Civil & Environmental Engineering, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41336.
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Physically decentralised water management systems may contribute to improving the sustainability of urban water management. Any shift toward decentralised systems needs to consider not just physical system design but also social values, knowledge frames, and organisations, and their interconnections to the physical technology. Four cases of recent Australian urban water management improvement projects were researched using qualitative methods. Three cases were of decentralised water management innovation. The other was of a centralised system, although decentralised options had been considered. These cases were studied to identify institutional barriers and enablers for the uptake of decentralised systems, and to better understand how emerging environmental engineering knowledge might be applied to overcome an implementation gap for decentralised urban water technologies. Analysis of each case focused on the institutional elements of urban water management, namely: the values, knowledge frames and organisational structures. These elements were identified through in-depth interviews, document review, and an on-line survey. The alignment of these elements was identified as being a significant contributor to the stability of centralised systems, or to change toward decentralised systems. A new organisational home for innovative knowledge was found to be common to each case where decentralised innovation occurred. ??Institutional entrepreneurs??, strong stakeholder engagement, and inter-organisational networks were all found to be linked to the creation of shared meaning and legitimacy for organisational and technological change. Existing planning frameworks focus on expert justification for change rather than institutional support for change. Institutional factors include shared understandings, values and organisational frameworks, and the alignment of each factor. Principles for, and examples of, appropriate organisational design for enabling and managing decentralised technological innovation for urban water management are proposed. This research contributes to the understanding of the institutional basis and dynamics of urban water management, particularly in relation to physical centralisation and decentralisation of urban water management technologies and, to a lesser extent, in relation to user involvement in urban water management. Understanding of factors that contribute to enabling and constraining decentralised technologies is extended to include institutional and organisational factors. New and practical pathways for change for the implementation of decentralised urban water systems are provided.
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Hatwell, Diane. "The relationship between attitudes and behaviours towards environmental conservation amongst farmers and urban dwellers in Western Australia". Thesis, Hatwell, Diane (2000) The relationship between attitudes and behaviours towards environmental conservation amongst farmers and urban dwellers in Western Australia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2000. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/50385/.
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The original work of Thurstone ( 1928) on the measurement of attitude has been continued by many researchers. Although Thurstone immediately cautioned against the prediction of behaviour from attitude, and argued that the measurement of attitude in its own right was important, many researchers have studied the relationship between attitude and behaviour. Their general conclusion is that, except in specific situations where the behaviour and attitude are linked in particular ways, attitude and behaviour are not strongly correlated, and therefore, have suggested that they are different din1ensions. Duncan (1985) presents the hypothesis that attitude and behaviour, rather than representing two different dimensions of some construct, can be conceptualised as manifestations of the same underlying disposition but at different levels of intensity. Duncan further suggests that attitude is "easier" than behaviour.
This study was designed to focus on the relationship between attitude and behaviour towards land degradation of farmers in the Central Wheatbelt of the State of Western Australia, and between attitude and behaviour towards urban pollution in Perth, the capital of this state. Land degradation and urban pollution are significant problems for the Central Wheatbelt and the metropolitan area of Western Australia, respectively. Farmers and urban dwellers were invited to complete written surveys on these issues. The key responses were agreement or disagreement to statements reflecting attitudes and reported behaviour. Demographic information and information regarding the level of commitment of the respondents to the attitude was also gathered.
In the study of attitudes through responses to statements, there are two main response mechanisms. In one, there is an ideal direction and it is expected that the more positive the attitude, the more likely a particular responses. For example, the responses may be Disagree (D) or Agree (A) which are scored O and 1 respectively. Then, the greater the probability of the Agree response (scored 1), and the higher the score across more than one statement, the more positive the inferred attitude. The models that are used for analysing such responses have a monotonic form and are termed cumulative. In the second, there is an ideal point, and the closer a statement is to the person's ideal point, the more likely it is that the person will choose the Agree response, and the further away the statement is from the ideal point in either direction (more positive or more negative), the more likely a Disagree response. In this case, the total score across statements cannot be used directly to infer attitude. The models that are used for analysing such responses are single-peaked and are termed unfolding. In both kinds of analyses, persons and statements are located on an attitude continuum. Duncan's hypothesis, that attitude and behaviour may be located on the same continuum. suggests that in some studies, at least, the fact that they are found not to be related may be a methodological artefact.
In the present study, the statements in the scale reporting behaviour with respect to environmental issues were written explicitly according to the cumulative response mechanism, and the statements in the scale reflecting attitude were written according to the unfolding response. However, in part to explore the matter of methodological artefacts, both scales were analysed according to both the cumulative and unfolding models, after the data were configured to suit each analysis.
The study found that, as Duncan bad suggested, attitude and behaviour could be placed on the same continuum, as different manifestations of the same construct. However, the further contention that attitude is "easier" than behaviour appeared too simple according to these data. The data appear to support the contention that attitude alone is not sufficient to explain behaviour, and that attitude and level of involvement may be more effective. The demographic information collected explained some but not all assumptions about the relationship between attitude and behaviour. One particularly noteworthy result was that the correlation between attitude and behaviour was very low (order of 0.1) in the urban sample while moderate (order of 0.5) in the rural sample. It is suggested that part of this difference between rural and urban relationships between attitude and behaviour is explained by the differing situations of the two groups - farmers' attitudes and behaviour to land degradation relate directly to their livelihood. This has implications, not only for the seriousness with which the environmental degradation is viewed, but also for their responses which are an integral part of their working conditions. In contrast, for urban dwellers most behaviours relating to dealing with urban pollution are not directly related to their livelihood and must be carried out in their leisure time. To the degree that this observation explains the difference in the relationship between attitude and behaviour between the two groups, to that degree it shows that the relationship between attitude and behaviour is moderated by other related factors. Studies that test this relationship between attitude and behaviour towards the environment are issues for further research.
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Beale, Barbara L., of Western Sydney Nepean University e Faculty of Nursing and Health Studies. "Maternity services for urban Aboriginal women : experiences of six women in Western Sydney". THESIS_FNHS_XXX_Beale_B.xml, 1996. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/316.
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The use of mainstream maternity services by urban Aboriginal women is an important issue for health professionals. Aboriginal mothers are much more likely to die in childbirth than are non-Aboriginal mothers and their excessive risk does not appear to have changed over the last two decades. The infant mortality rate is three times higher than for non-Aboriginal infants. Therefore, this project aimed to discover the cultural needs of urban Aboriginal women who use mainstream maternity services. Six Aboriginal women who were attending the ante-natal clinic at Daruk Aboriginal Medical Service were interviewed. The thesis included the following recommendations and strategies for their implementation: 1/. Establishment of a discrete Aboriginal women's health unit in Western Sydney. 2/. Provision of culturally acceptable education about pregnancy and childbirth. 3/. Promotion of breastfeeding. 4/. Education and encouragement for non- Aboriginal health professionals.Master of Nursing (Hons)
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Askam, Tina. "A study of walking and walkability through a spatial justice/spatial practice framework, in Maylands, Western Australia". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2017. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1966.
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Recent studies have focused on the benefits of walking to health, wellbeing, creativity and social capital. However, apart from select ethnographic observations on walking as a distinct spatial practice (J. Lee & Ingold, 2006), there is a paucity of studies that investigate the ways in which walkers and space interact. Most importantly, there has been a distinct lack of attention to pedestrian perspectives and experiences in theory and in policy on walkability (Middleton, 2011, 2016).
Notable theorists have demonstrated the benefits of participatory walking practices as a conversive and convivial methodology for performance research (Myers, 2009), for intergenerational urban pedagogy (L. G. Phillips & Hickey, 2013), and for investigations into everyday experience (Bendiner-Viani, 2009). This study builds on this research by employing walking as a participatory research method to investigate walking as a distinct spatial practice.
There has been a recent call for the development of methods to interrogate mobility inequities (Sheller, 2016). The need for a critical approach to the production of walkable neighbourhoods has also been identified (Zavestoski & Agyeman, 2015). This thesis contributes knowledge to both of these problems by investigating walking and walkability through a spatial justice/spatial practice approach. This work also problematises the commodification of walkability and, as a result, highlights participants’ values of everyday walking practices.
This investigation used participatory walking research methods, employing walking interviews and walking workshops. Data was collected from inhabitants, aged 5 – 80, from Maylands, an inner urban suburb of Perth, Western Australia. A theoretical model for spatial justice in spatial practice is developed from the research data. The model integrates three identified core values of spatial practice: accessibility, interactions and belonging. The knowledge contributed by this thesis can inform a holistic approach to walking and walkability that achieves the outcome of greater spatial resilience for inhabitants.
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Lettoof, Damian Christopher. "Tiger snakes, Notechis scutatus, as a Bioindicator of Wetland Health across the urban matrix of Perth, Western Australia". Thesis, Curtin University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/88228.
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Urbanisation frequently degrades wetlands via physical modifications, novel stressors and the introduction of pollutants. The health of wetlands can be measured through the use of bioindicators - such as top predators. The research in this thesis quantifies a suite of contaminants and health parameters in snake populations throughout an urban matrix, assesses patterns of bioaccumulation, parasitism and population genomics on snake health, and concludes tiger snakes can be used as an appropriate bioindicator species.
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Bryant, Lyndall Elaine. "Who really pays for urban infrastructure? : the impact of developer infrastructure charges on housing affordability in Brisbane, Australia". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/81348/1/Lyndall_Bryant_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis advances the understanding of the impact of developer infrastructure charges on housing affordability in Brisbane, Australia through the development of an econometric model and empirical analysis. The results indicate substantial on-passing of these government charges to purchasers of both new and existing homes, thus negatively impacting housing affordability across the whole community. The results of this thesis will inform policy makers and assist in the development of evidence based policy related to housing affordability and funding of urban infrastructure. Being generic, the econometric model is expected to be a tool that is suitable for estimating similar house price effects in other housing markets.
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Cole, Peter. "Urban rail perspectives in Perth, Western Australia: modal competition, public transport, and government policy in Perth since 1880". Thesis, Cole, Peter (2000) Urban rail perspectives in Perth, Western Australia: modal competition, public transport, and government policy in Perth since 1880. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2000. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/660/.
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The decline of public transport in Western Australia is observed in four separate historical studies which narrate the political and administrative history of each major urban transport mode. Perth's suburban railway system is examined as part of the State's widespread rail network, including the extravagantly-equipped short-lived suburban railway in Kalgoorlie. Political interference in early railway operations is studied in detail to determine why Perth's rail-based public transport systems were so poorly developed and then neglected or abandoned for much of the twentieth century. The llnique events in Kalgoorlie at the turn of the century are presented as potent reasons for the early closure of Perth's urban tramway system and the fact that no purpose-built suburban railways were constructed in Perth until 1993. The road funding arrangements of the late nineteenth century are considered next, in order to demonstrate the very early basis for the present lavish non-repayable grants of money for road construction and maintenance by all three layers of government. The development of private and government bus networks is detailed last, with particular attention paid to the failure of private urban bus operators in the 1950s and the subsequent formation of a government owned and operated urban bus monopoly. The capital structure and accounting practices of public transport modes are analysed to provide a critique of popular myths concerning the merits of each. In order to obtain an impression of the changing political view of different transport modes, the attitude of politicians to public transport and the private motor car over the last one hundred and twenty years is captured in summary narrations of some of the more important parliamentary transport debates. Two possible explanations of public transport decline are discussed in conclusion; one relying a neoclassical economic theory of marginal pricing, and the other on an observation on the fate of large capital investments in the modern party-based democratic system of government.
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Cole, Peter. "Urban rail perspectives in Perth, Western Australia : modal competition, public transport, and government policy in Perth since 1880". Murdoch University, 2000. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20061122.125641.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
The decline of public transport in Western Australia is observed in four separate
historical studies which narrate the political and administrative history of each major
urban transport mode. Perth's suburban railway system is examined as part of the State's
widespread rail network, including the extravagantly-equipped short-lived suburban
railway in Kalgoorlie. Political interference in early railway operations is studied in
detail to determine why Perth's rail-based public transport systems were so poorly
developed and then neglected or abandoned for much of the twentieth century. The
llnique events in Kalgoorlie at the turn of the century are presented as potent reasons for
the early closure of Perth's urban tramway system and the fact that no purpose-built
suburban railways were constructed in Perth until 1993. The road funding arrangements
of the late nineteenth century are considered next, in order to demonstrate the very early
basis for the present lavish non-repayable grants of money for road construction and
maintenance by all three layers of government. The development of private and
government bus networks is detailed last, with particular attention paid to the failure of
private urban bus operators in the 1950s and the subsequent formation of a government
owned and operated urban bus monopoly. The capital structure and accounting
practices of public transport modes are analysed to provide a critique of popular myths
concerning the merits of each. In order to obtain an impression of the changing political
view of different transport modes, the attitude of politicians to public transport and the
private motor car over the last one hundred and twenty years is captured in summary
narrations of some of the more important parliamentary transport debates. Two possible
explanations of public transport decline are discussed in conclusion; one relying a neoclassical
economic theory of marginal pricing, and the other on an observation on the fate
of large capital investments in the modern party-based democratic system of
government.
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Herzberg, Susie. "Urban transport planning and the use of the bicycle". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PLM/09plmh582.pdf.
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Baudains, Catherine Mary. "Environmental education in the workplace : inducing voluntary transport behaviour change to decrease single occupant vehicle trips by commuters into the Perth CBD". Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2003. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browser/view/adt-MU20040310.121357.
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Kobryń, Halina T. "Land use changes and the properties of stormwater entering a wetland on a sandy coastal plain in Western Australia /". Access via Murdoch University Digital Thesis Project, 2001. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20040519.165016.
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Sommer, Marvin. "Homeownership, the production of urban sprawl and an unexpected Nightingale". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22317.
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Homeownership and suburbanisation are two sides of the same coin in the context of Australia. This thesis explores the housing system that facilitates homeownership under a framework of institutional path dependence and how that has facilitated spatial patterns of suburbanization in contemporary Melbourne. Australia has been considered a homeowner society for the larger part of the 20th century. Living and owning a house on a ‘quarter acre block’ in one of its major cities is said to have been a virtue even before homeownership was in reach for the majority of the Australian population. The years after WWII enabled up to 70 per cent of the population to access homeownership tenure. In that, this thesis analyses the institutional, societal and economic configurations that enabled increased homeownership provision, but also the historical processes that further facilitated a system around a dominant tenure. Path dependency theory, developed in the field of historical institutionalism, offers an analytical toolbox to examine long-term processes. In a broad sense, path dependency refers to the continuous reproduction of institutional systems in place. The second part of this thesis examines urbanisation processes in Melbourne, under a framework of institutional and spatial change. Cities are changing environments that, although, they inhabit determinist and reinforcing spatial patterns and institutions, transition over time. By looking at historical and contemporary institutional processes, this thesis examines metropolitan strategies to consolidate the outward growth in the city of Melbourne. Under the aspect of change, current challenges to the built environment are presented. A third analysis connects the macro discussion with a case study of a local housing provider in Melbourne, that in some regards may be viewed as antithesis to the contemporary building regime in the Australian and Melbourne context. As the first in-depth path dependency analysis in the Australian context, this thesis can be viewed as a contribution to the growing body of path dependency literature with a housing focus that also combines the spatial nature of urban environments.
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Learnihan, Vincent B. "The physical environment as an influence of walking in the neighbourhood : objective measurement and validation". University of Western Australia. School of Population Health, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0033.
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Over the last decade, there has been rapid growth in research into the influence of the physical environment on physical activity. Previously, individual and social factors dominated research into the influences of physical activity. This new area of study has been built on the understanding that the physical environment may create an opportunity or a barrier to engagement in physical activity behaviours (Sallis & Owen, 1997). This research develops objectively measured features of the physical environment in order to investigate relationships with walking behaviour. Public health research of this nature is still at a preliminary stage, although research expertise outside of public health including transportation, urban planning and geographic information science has much to contribute to this emerging field. This study investigated walking in the neighbourhood in a sample of adults residing in Perth, Western Australia. Objective measurement of the physical environment using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) was conducted including measurement of street connectivity, residential density, land use mix and retail floor area ratio at three different geographic scales (suburb, census collection district, 15 minute walk from a survey participants home). These measures were then combined into an index known as a walkability index and validated against survey participant reported data on walking within the neighbourhood using binary logistic regression. Among other findings, the evidence presented shows that depending on which geographic scale the physical environment is measured at and what type of walking in the neighbourhood is reported, the strength of relationship varies between an objectively measured walkability index and walking behaviour in the neighbourhood. These findings highlight the need to differentiate between walking for transport and walking for recreation, health and exercise when investigating the relationship between physical activity and the environment. These findings also show the importance of geographic scale of measurement in the relationship between physical activity and the physical environment, and the need for current high quality geographic data in this type of research.
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Kane, Michael Patrick. "Linking the knowledge economy, urban intensity and transport in post-industrial cities with a case study of Perth, Western Australia". Thesis, Curtin University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1117.
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Cities in post-industrial economies are characterised by a multi-layered intensification of knowledge. This intensification occurs through: • agglomeration of knowledge economic activity; • human capital knowledge; and • the means of knowledge exchange i.e. ICT and transport. This thesis proposes an intensification of key walkable urban centres, particularly universities. Knowledge urban intensification is heavily reliant on rail and walking transport intensification.