Bibliografias temáticas / Uniform Sale of Goods Act

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Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Uniform Sale of Goods Act"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 25 de julho de 2024

Última modificação: 31 de julho de 2024

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Uniform Sale of Goods Act"

Ziółkowska-Majkowska, Aleksandra. "The Slotting Fee". Kwartalnik Prawa Międzynarodowego III, n.º III (30 de setembro de 2023): 166–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.8989.

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According to Article 15(1)(4) of the Act on Combating Unfair Competition, it is an act of unfair competition to obstruct other entrepreneurs’ access to the market, in particular by charging fees other than the trade margin for accepting goods for sale. The purpose of this article is to present concerns related to the aforementioned provision in the light of the jurisprudence of Polish courts and to assess whether the current legal framework provides uniform grounds for classifying slotting fees as part of the trade margin for accepting goods for sale.

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Berlingher, Daniel. "The Effects of the International Contract for Sale of Goods". Journal of Legal Studies 19, n.º 33 (1 de junho de 2017): 96–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jles-2017-0007.

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Abstract The contracts are the indispensable legal instruments for any economic transaction. The international sale contract is the main legal instrument by which international commerce is carried out and through which the movement of goods from producer to consumer is ensured within cross-border relations. The sale contract in international commerce is the legal act by which the parties, the seller and the buyer, belonging to different states, commit each other to transfer the property of a good in return for payment of a price. Regarding the general rules applicable to the contract of international sale of goods, they are regulated by the “United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods from Vienna”. The Convention has adopted uniform rules to govern the international sale of goods contract, if the parties have not chosen expressly for the application of other rules. In this study I present the effects of international sale of goods in the light of the rules of the Vienna Convention of 1980.

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Yap, Ji Lian. "Predictability, certainty, and party autonomy in the sale and supply of goods". Common Law World Review 46, n.º 4 (10 de novembro de 2017): 269–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473779517735286.

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Predictability, certainty, and party autonomy are important goals in the development of legal principles. This article will examine these concepts and discuss a theoretical framework by which legal developments can be assessed. This theoretical framework will be applied in order to critically consider recent developments in two key areas relating to the sale and supply of goods, namely the action for price, and the characterization of contracts. In examining the interrelation between case law and legislation in these aspects of Commercial Law, the impact of the recent UK Supreme Court decision in PST Energy 7 Shipping v OW Bunker Malta (The Res Cogitans) will be explored. This landmark case considered several provisions of the UK Sale of Goods Act 1979. Many common law jurisdictions, such as Hong Kong and Singapore, have legislation that is very similar to the UK Sale of Goods Act, and Res Cogitans is thus of great interest and concern to those in such common law jurisdictions, since the courts in these jurisdictions are likely to view Res Cogitans as highly persuasive in the interpretation of similar local legislation. Various law reform options (including those inspired by the Canadian Uniform Sale of Goods Act) and suggestions for the drafting of contractual clauses will then be critically considered, with a view to promoting predictability, certainty, and party autonomy in the law relating to the sale and supply of goods.

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Ferrari, Franco. "‘Forum Shopping’ Despite international uniform Contract law Conventions". International and Comparative Law Quarterly 51, n.º 3 (julho de 2002): 689–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/51.3.689.

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One of the asserted advantages and goals of the unification of substantive law lies in the prevention of ‘forum shopping’,1 ie the lawyer's act of seeking the forum that is most beneficial to his client's interest.2 This has been pointed out not only in discussions on unification of law in general,3 but also in discussions on specific international uniform contract law conventions, such as the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods4 (hereinafter CISG),5 the Geneva Convention on the Contract for the International Carriage of Goods by Road6 (hereinafter CMR)7 and the UNIDROIT Convention on International Factoring8 (hereinafter IFC).9

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Djieufack, Roland. "The Seller's Liability for the Non-Conformity of Goods in a Contract of Sale under the OHADA Uniform Act on General Commercial Law: A Critical Analysis". Journal of African Law 60, n.º 3 (outubro de 2016): 469–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855316000139.

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AbstractThis article assesses the seller's duty of conformity in a contract of sale under the OHADA Uniform Act on General Commercial Law. It posits that conformity is not an independent legal concept and so argues that a thorough assessment cannot be made without recognizing and taking into consideration a number of issues, irrespective of the contractual stipulations agreed by the contracting parties. Arguably, the notion of conformity falls within the meaning of the subjective understanding of a “defect”. This can raise confusion and uncertainty in determining the seller's liability for non-conforming goods. Thus, from a cursory reading of the Uniform Act, the question of the seller's duty regarding the conformity of goods can conveniently be addressed from a number of different angles: the nature of the defect; local and international standards; contract law; and the principles of caveat venditor and caveat emptor. Adopting an in-depth content analysis and critical evaluation of primary and secondary data, the article concludes that a balance should be struck between these variables and, where no guidance is given in article 255 of the Uniform Act, the prevailing norm in member states should form the basis for determining the concept of conformity of goods.

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Djieufack, Roland. "Conformity of goods to the contract of sale under the OHADA Uniform Act on General Commercial Law". Uniform Law Review - Revue de droit uniforme 20, n.º 2-3 (agosto de 2015): 271–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ulr/unv017.

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Samson, Claude. "L'harmonisation du droit de la vente: l'influence de la Convention de Vienne sur l'évolution et l'harmonisation du droit des provinces canadiennes". Harmonisation du droit 32, n.º 4 (12 de abril de 2005): 1001–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/043111ar.

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La Convention de Vienne sur les contrats de vente internationale de marchandises est le résultat de difficiles compromis de la part de pays appartenant à différentes familles juridiques ; plusieurs de ses dispositions reflètent de tels compromis entre systèmes de droit civil et de common law. Sur le plan interne canadien, retrouve-t-on une telle tendance à l'harmonisation des règles du droit de la vente de marchandises en droit civil et en common law ? Dans quelle mesure ces compromis à l'échelle internationale ont-ils influé sur le projet de Code civil du Québec de même que le Uniform Sale of Goods Act, que la Conférence sur l’uniformisation des lois aproposé aux provinces de common law en vue d'en arriver à l'harmonisation du droit de la vente entre celles-ci ? L'inclusion dans la Convention de Vienne d'une disposition créant une obligation de bonne foi fut en particulier l'occasion de longs débats. Si l'inclusion dans le projet de Code civil du Québec d'une disposition reconnaissant expressément le principe de bonne foi ne soulève pas de controverse, une reconnaissance expresse du principe de bonne foi, dans le Uniform Sale of Goods Act soulève cependant encore de longs débats. L'adhésion du Canada à la Convention des Nations Unies sur les contrats de vente internationale de marchandises contribuera à harmoniser le droit applicable à ce type de transaction. Mais, on ne peut malheureusement pas parler d'harmonisation pour ce qui est des ventes interprovinciales de marchandises au Canada.

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Nguru, Aristide Kahindo. "THE ATTITUDE OF OHADA LAW COUNTRIES TOWARDS THE CISG". Journal of Law, Society and Development 3, n.º 1 (12 de setembro de 2016): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2520-9515/1090.

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Disparities in national laws are likely to result in uncertainty which, in turn, creates obstacles to international commerce. It is acknowledged that strong investment flows cannot be achieved without a secure legal and commercial environment. Mindful of such a need, states decided to harmonise sales law internationally. To this end, in 1980 they adopted the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods known as the Vienna Sales Convention or the CISG. The CISG has led a number of countries, including the Organisation for the Harmonisation of Business Law in Africa (OHADA) law states, to modernise their local sales law. However, only three of 17 countries that constitute the OHADA community have ratified the CISG. OHADA law countries give the impression of favouring a more regional approach to the unification of sales law rather than the CISG’s global approach by implementing a local Commercial Uniform Act. Their indifference towards the CISG is not without consequences for commerce in the OHADA region. This article seeks to demonstrate that the lack of ratification of a universal convention, as for example the CISG, poses a danger to commercial dealings. It also intends to show that the CISG is not hostile to regional uniform sales laws of the OHADA Commercial Uniform Act type. It concludes that OHADA countries do not need to be afraid of their acceptance of the CISG and recommends that it be ratified.

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Djieufack, Roland. "Remedies for the seller’s liability for non-conformity of goods to a contract of sale of goods in the OHADA Uniform Act on General Commercial Law: a critical appraisal". Uniform Law Review 22, n.º 3 (1 de agosto de 2017): 614–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ulr/unx029.

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Coetzee, Juana. "A Pluralist Approach to the Law of International Sales". Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 20 (3 de abril de 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2017/v20i0a1355.

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International trade can support economic development and social upliftment. However, people are often discouraged from contracting internationally due to differences in legal systems which act as a non-tariff barrier to trade. This article focuses on the private law framework regulating international contracts of sale. During the twentieth century, the problem of diverse laws was primarily addressed by global uniform law such as the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG). However, uniform law is rarely complete and has to be supplemented by national law, trade usage or party agreement. Because of gaps that exist in the CISG the Swiss government made a proposal for a new global contract law. But is this a feasible solution to the fragmentary state of international trade law? In Europe, signs of reluctance are setting in towards further harmonisation efforts. The Proposal for a Common European Sales Law (CESL) was recently withdrawn, and now Britain has voted to leave the European Union; rumour having it that more countries might follow. The current private law framework for international sales contracts consists of a hybrid system where international, national, state and non-state law function side by side. This article submits that universalism is not per se the most efficient approach to the regulation of international sales law and that economic forces require a more varied approach for business-to-business transactions. The biggest challenge, however, would be to manage global legal pluralism. It is concluded that contractual parties, the courts and arbitral tribunals can effectively manage pluralism on a case-by-case basis.

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Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Uniform Sale of Goods Act"

Masa'deh, Aymen Khaled. "Compensatory damages for breach of warranty of quality : an analysis of the recoverability and quantification of compensatory damages under the Sale of Goods Act, the American Uniform Commercial Code and the United Nations Convention on the International Sale of Goods". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/6a49540c-cf4e-4d47-aa1f-da4e2bab8401.

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Alkhadhari, Abdulwahab. "Remedies for the breach of a commercial contract for the sale of goods : a comparative analysis between the English Sale of Goods Act 1979 and the Contract of Sale of Goods in Saudi Law". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/28672.

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This thesis focuses on remedies for a breach of the Contract of Sale of Goods under English and Saudi law, wherever the Contract is in the course of business. The primary aim of the thesis is to describe and analyse those remedies and how each of the above legal regimes has dealt with breaches. For this purpose, the remedies must be analysed to identify differences and similarities between the two regimes, while at the same time highlighting the weaknesses and strengths of each. In addition, the reasons why the two legal systems have adopted their respective approaches in favouring specific remedies will be considered, in order to determine whether there are any differences in the underlying legal principles affecting the de facto results for the Buyer and Seller. In so doing, the aim is to provide a detailed and ingenious analysis, which may be of assistance in understanding each regime.

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Abudafair, Elhadi Abdallah Idris. "Obligation to deliver the goods and other relevant obligations under CSIG, Sale of Goods Act 1979 and Islamic Law". Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.726795.

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Felemegas, John. "The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods : Article 7 and uniform interpretation". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11055/.

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The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, 1980 ("CISG") creates a uniform law for the international sale of goods. However, textual uniformity is a necessary but insufficient step towards achieving substantive legal uniformity, since the formulation and enactment of a uniform legal text carries no guarantee of its subsequent uniform application in practice. This thesis therefore considers different approaches to the interpretation of CISG and evaluates their appropriateness for uniform international trade law, before advancing an interpretative approach based on the concept of internationality and generally acknowledged principles of commercial law, such as the UNIDROIT Principles. The analysis offered by the present writer is based on the examination of the nature, scope and function of Article 7 CISG, which expressly prescribes the direction that CISG's interpretation and application should follow and whose own interpretation will determine, to a large degree, the ultimate fate of CISG as a truly uniform code. Owing to its unique nature and limitations, it is necessary that CISG exist on top of a legal order that can provide doctrinal support and solutions to practical problems - such as gap-filling - in order to guarantee CISG's functional continuity and development without offending its values of internationality, uniformity and good faith, as expressed in Article 7(1) CISG and analysed in this thesis. It is the opinion of the present writer that CISG is, and must remain, a self-contained body of rules, independent of and distinct from the different domestic laws. Supported by analysis of the existing doctrine, as well as by case law, this thesis argues that the necessary legal backdrop for CISG's existence and application can be provided by general principles of international commercial law, such as those exemplified by the UNIDROIT Principles, which will, if adopted, render the textual reference in Article 7(2) CISG to private international law redundant - a positive step towards uniformity. The recourse to rules of private international law in the interpretation of CISG, even as a last resort, would represent regression into doctrinal fragmentation and practical uncertainty. The relevant textual reference in Article 7(2) CISG to such a method is the regrettable result of diplomatic drafting compromises and should remain inactive, since its activation would reverse the progress achieved by the world wide adoption of CISG as a uniform body of international sales law.

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Mahmor, Shafaai Musa. "The conditions of the countervalues of the contract of sale under Islamic law with occasional comparison with English law". Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325999.

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Kruisinga, Sonja A. "(Non-)conformity in the 1980 UN convention on contracts for the international sale of goods: an uniform concept? /". Antwerpen [u.a.] : Intersentia [u.a.], 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/391512390.pdf.

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De, Stadler Elizabeth Briers. "The scope of the application of the Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 in the context of the sale of defective goods in comparative perspective". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27809.

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The Consumer Protection Act 68 ('the CPA') came into effect on 31 March 2011. In broad terms, the purpose of the CPA is to promote the social and economic welfare of consumers. Specific reference is made to reducing disadvantages suffered by vulnerable consumers. The question posed in this thesis is whether the scope of the application of the CPA in relation to transactions for goods is consistent with the purpose of the Act, but also how it compares to the approaches taken in the European Union, United Kingdom and Australia. It is argued that the application provisions are not always fair, rational, clear, efficient and consistent with reasonable expectations. The following issues relating to the application of the Act are addressed: the approach to the protection of small juristic persons, the omission of a exclusion based on the purposes for which the transaction is concluded, the onus of proof, the exclusion of transactions outside the ordinary course of business, the definition of 'supplier', whether transactions should be 'for consideration' in order for the consumer to qualify for protection, whether the whole supply chain should be liable and whether all goods should fall within the scope of the Act. Recommendations on these issues are made in light of rationales for consumer protection legislation, proposed criteria for evaluating such legislation (namely whether the legislation is fair, rational, clear, efficient and consistent with reasonable expectations) and comparative research. Suggested amendments to the wording of relevant sections in the Act are made in the final chapter.

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Nwafor, Ndubuisi Augustine. "Comparative and critical analysis of the doctrine of exemption/frustration/force majeure under the United Nations Convention on the Contract for International Sale of Goods, English law and UNIDROIT principles". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21805.

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This thesis attempts to critically and comparatively analyse the doctrine of exemption/frustration /force majeure under the United Nations Convention on the Contract for International Sale of Goods (CISG) the UNIDRIOT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (UNIDROIT) and the English Law. The doctrine of exemption/frustration/force majeure is very important in the area of contract and commercial law, it is a doctrine deeply rooted in fairness and allows a party to be excused from performing an obligation in a contract if at the conclusion of the contract an inhibition beyond the foreseeable control of the party happens to render the performance of the contract impossible. However, it is not easy to effectively streamline this doctrine and properly determine its applications. It has been observed in this thesis that, the doctrines of exemption/frustration /force majeure are not exactly the same; this thesis explores in details severally and jointly the various differences and similarities in the interpretations and applications of these impossibility doctrines. For instance, the open and flexible use of words in the definition of this doctrine under the CISG and the UNIDROIT Principles left much to be desired. Thus, it is one of the succinct arguments of this thesis that couching international law in loose words will work against the uniformity of application of this law, due to the different interpretations national law courts will be subjecting it to. This among other issues retarded the growth and development of the doctrine of exemption and force majeure. Furthermore, English law stance on the doctrine of frustration which can be gleaned from both the Sale of Goods Act of 1979 and the Common law are far from being adequate and need to be updated. This thesis therefore incisively laid bare the applications, interpretations and way forward for the doctrine of exemption/frustration/force majeure under the legal instruments of focus of this work. The thesis also comparatively compares the relationship between the doctrine of frustration/force majeure/exemption and other related doctrines like mistake, termination, avoidance, risk, and hardship. The thesis is concluded with a Draft Model Frustration Clause (DMFC) which is an attempt to rise above the status quo doctrine of frustration in the extant laws and develop a frustration clause that will be able to provide answers to the many flaws that trail these laws.

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Ruangvichatron, Jumpita. "Breach of contract in international sale of goods : an evaluation of the 1980 Vienna Sales Convention and the 1994 UNIDROIT principles as compared with English law and the (US) Uniform Commercial Code". Thesis, University of Exeter, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302569.

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Aboukdir, Anwar. "The timing of the passing of property and risk under the English Sale of Goods Act 1979, the CISG and the Libyan law : the interplay between the principle of party autonomy and the default rule". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/25353.

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This thesis attempts to critically and comparatively analyse the issues relating to the passing of property and risk under the United Nations Convention on the Contract for International Sale of Goods (CISG) and English Law (SGA). The passing of property and risk plays a central role in the area of international legislation in relation to sales contracts. These elements can be the most significant components in contracts of sale between parties, whether in the international or domestic field. The reason is founded on their legal nature and the close relationship between them. The passing of property and risk has been a central issue for practitioners, judges and lawyers dating back to the Roman period and several ideas have been proposed to resolve it. Where the situation is different for contracts of sale in relation to the passing of property and risk, whether in the domestic or international field, it still creates many unresolved problems, because of ongoing changes in the field of modern commerce, which may contribute to unfair implications between the parties. It has been observed in this thesis that both English law and the CISG adopt the party autonomy principle, where the intention of the parties - whether in relation to the passing of property or risk - is the basic rule. However, the difference lies in the default rules. While English law involves default substitutional rules, which apply in cases where there is an absence of an expressed or implied indication regarding the intention between the parties, the CISG lacks such default rules regarding the transfer of property, which could be viewed as its main weakness, although the CISG does involve such provisions with respect to the transfer of risk. This thesis willdiscusses, the legal nature of the rules in relation to the passing of property and risk, and the role of the party autonomy principle, and the impacts and legal difficulties that might arise through the application of these rules, whether they are default rules or based on the party autonomy principle. It will also examine the legal gaps and weaknesses of both legal systems in an attempt to identify such legal difficulties and to find appropriate solutions and remedies.

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Livros sobre o assunto "Uniform Sale of Goods Act"

Samuel, Williston. The law governing sales of goods at common law and under the Uniform Sales Act. Littleton, Colo: F.B. Rothman, 1998.

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Jeffrey, Lee. Sale of Goods Act, Supply of Goods Act, Sale of Goods (United Nations Convention) Act. Singapore: LexisNexis, 2012.

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Pollock, Frederick. The Sale of Goods Act. 7^a ed. New Delhi: LexisNexis Butterworths, 2007.

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1931-, Chaturvedi Ram Gopal, e India, eds. The Sale of Goods Act. 3^a ed. Allahabad, India: Law Book Co, 1985.

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Shanmukham, K. A. Ramaiya's the Sale of Goods Act. 4^a ed. Allahabad: Law Book Co., 1995.

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Fardunji, Mulla Dinshah. Sale of Goods Act, (III of 1930). Lahore: Four Star Publisher, 2007.

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Pakistan. The Sale of Goods Act (III of 1930). 6^a ed. Lahore: Law Pub. Co., 1987.

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Britain, Great. Sale of Goods (Amendment) Act 1995: Chapter 28. [London: Sweet & Maxwell, 1995.

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Pakistan. The Sale of Goods Act: III of 1930. Lahore: Kausar Brothers, 2002.

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Malaysia. Sale of Goods Act 1957 (Act 382): As at 1st June 2011. Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan: International Law Book Services, 2011.

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Mais fontes

Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Uniform Sale of Goods Act"

Ondrejová, Dana. "Může si podnikatel svobodně vybrat svého spotřebitele?" In Pocta prof. Josefu Bejčkovi k 70. narozeninám, 107–41. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0094-2022-5.

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The paper deals with the limitation of the entrepreneur’s autonomy of will and freedom of expression in relation to the consumer by the principle of non-discrimination. The subject of the examination is the strict Section 6 of the Consumer Protection Act, which only prohibits the entrepreneur from discriminating against consumers in the sale of goods or services, without defining specific discriminatory grounds. The case-law refers in this respect to the regulation contained in Section 10 of the Anti-Discrimination Act. The paper focuses on the case law of the Czech courts that has dealt with discriminatory conduct in B2C relations and this is critically assessed.

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Roland, Djieufack. "Sales and Conformity of Goods: A Legal Discourse". In Banking and Finance. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93035.

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This chapter is primarily concerned with the fact that the concept of conformity is dynamic and amorphous as it is recognised as an impetus to economic development and plays a major role in matters of sale of goods within an economy. In making an assessment of the seller’s duty of conformity to a contract of sale of goods as governed by the OHADA Uniform Act on General Commercial Law, this study argues that the concept of conformity is limited rather than broad that should appropriately encapsulate the physical and non-physical things that could form the object of a contract of sale. It therefore explores other aspects that could be considered as part of the ‘goods’ for the purposes of the conformance duty in establishing the limits of the seller’s liability. Thus, adopting an empirical and in-depth analysis of primary and secondary data, this study therefore holds that the question of conformity of goods can conveniently be addressed from a number of different angles: contract law, consumer patterns, local and international standards, and the principles of caveat venditor and caveat emptor.

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Dannemann, Gerhard. "Formation of Contracts on the Internet". In Themes in Comparative Law, 179–97. Oxford University PressOxford, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199258567.003.0013.

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Abstract As a means for entering into contracts, the Internet offers the greatest techno¬ logical advancement since the inventions of the telegraph and the telephone during the nineteenth century. This chapter takes stock of how well existing contract law regimes, and in particular the rules on offer and acceptance, inclu¬sion of standard terms, consideration and mistake, are equipped to deal with this technology. Reference will be made to English and German contract law, the EU Distance Contracts and Electronic Transactions Directives, the UN Convention on the International Sale of Goods (CISG), the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC), the Principles of European Contract Law (PECL), and also to the US Uniform Electronic Transactions Act (UETA) and Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act (UCITA).

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Ingeborg, Schwenzer, e Muñoz Edgardo. "1 Introduction". In Global Sales and Contract Law. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198871255.003.0001.

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This chapter introduces the applications and interpretations of uniform laws such as the 1980 United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Good (CISG). It notes how the second edition of Global Sales and Contract Law (GSCL) used the functional comparative approach to ensure that the issue is without any dogmatic intricacies. Additionally, the chapter lists the abbreviations pertaining to civil codes, commercial codes, codes of obligation, and sale of goods Acts. The work aims to consider as many of the world’s jurisdictions as possible through the use of case studies instead of listing every possible narrative for each jurisdiction text.

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REINHART, GERT. "SALE OF GOODS, UNIFORM LAWS". In Digital Communications, 463–68. Elsevier, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-87911-0.50118-5.

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"Sale of Goods Act 1979". In International Trade Law Statutes and Conventions 2011-2013, 179–201. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203722886-26.

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"SALE OF GOODS ACT 1979". In Statutes on International Trade 3/e, 189–90. Routledge-Cavendish, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781843143024-48.

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"Sale of Goods Act 1979". In Avizandum Statutes on Scots Commercial and Consumer Law, 191–209. Edinburgh University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781399514651-027.

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Clarke, MA, RJA Hooley, RJC Munday, LS Sealy, AM Tettenborn e PG Turner. "8. Introduction and definitions". In Commercial Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780199692088.003.0008.

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This chapter serves as an introduction to the English law governing sale of goods, along with relevant definitions. Prior to 1893, the domestic sales law was almost entirely based on case law. There were a few statutory provisions, the two most important being the Factors Acts and s 17 of the Statute of Frauds 1677. In 1888 Sir Mackenzie Chalmers was commissioned to draft the bill that became the Sale of Goods Act 1893. This chapter discusses the relevant provisions of the Sale of Goods Act 1893 in relation to the general law, as well as its application to contracts for the sale of all types of goods. It also considers some key definitions relating to sale of goods and how sale of goods differs from other transactions such as barter or exchange, bailment, agency, and hire-purchase. Finally, it explains how a contract of sale is formed.

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Jones, Lucy. "9. The Sale of Goods and Supply of Services". In Introduction to Business Law, 229–72. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198824886.003.0009.

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This chapter discusses the rules relating to agreements for the sale and supply of goods and services. Contracts for the sale of goods and terms implied into business to business contracts by the Sale of Goods Act 1979 are examined. The Consumer Rights Act 2015, introduced to simplify and enhance the position of consumers, is considered. The terms of contracts between traders and consumers for the sale and supply of goods, services, and digital content are discussed together with remedies for breach of contract. Rights to ownership and possession of goods, and when rights may be transferred from a seller to a buyer are explained. General rules on delivery of goods, the duties of a seller and buyer, and the remedies available for breach are discussed. Finally, the terms of business to business contracts for the supply of goods and services, hire of goods, and hire purchase are discussed.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Uniform Sale of Goods Act"

Deynekli, Adnan. "Field of Application of United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods". In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01265.

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United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) entered into force on the 1st August 2011 in Turkey. CISG is accepted with the purpose of development and encouragement of international trade and application of uniform rules for resolution of disputes arising from the contracts for the international sale of goods. CISG applies to contracts of sale of goods between parties whose places of business are in different states when the states are contracting states; or when the rules of private international law lead to the application of the law of a contracting state. Neither the nationality of the parties nor the civil or commercial character of the parties or of the contract is to be taken into consideration in determining the application of CISG. In order to apply CISG, there has to be a contract about international sale of goods and the parties shall be from different contracting states or the rules of private international law shall lead to the application of the law of a contracting state. The parties may totally or partially exclude the application of this CISG. CISG does not apply in terms of third party rights and the validity of the contract or of any of its provisions or of any usage.

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Mićović, Miodrag. "USLUGE I UGOVOR O PRODAJI". In 14 Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xivmajsko.017m.

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There are two situations where sales contract rules apply on services, i.e., certan service-related issues. The first one refers to the so-called. mixed contracts, which are consisted of both goods and services. When it comes to goods, it can be either goods that are yet to be produced or that exist in the moment of the conclusion of the contract. Consenquently, if necessary conditions are met, sales contract rules will apply to certain services. The second one refers to the situation where the legislator prescribes that the rules governing the sale of goods will be applicable to some service-related issues. In this regard, different legislative solutions have been adopted, among which Consumer Protection Act defines that the rules on legal and commercial guarantee will be applied to the services.

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Majid, Abdul, Sri Yogamalar, Sandra Ho e Shanthy Rachagan. "THE SALE OF GOODS ACT 1893 (UK) STANDS TALL IN HONG KONG, INDIA AND MALAYSIA". In 26th and the 27th International Academic Conference (Istanbul, Prague). International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/iac.2016.027.029.

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Abdelaal, Mohamed R., Omar A. Huzayyin e Milind A. Jog. "Heat/Mass Transfer to a Drop Translating in a Perpendicular Electric Field". In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-51710.

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Enhancement of heat or mass transport in a spherical drop of a dielectric fluid translating in another dielectric fluid in the presence of uniform electric field is investigated. The internal problem or the limit of the majority of the transport resistance being in the dispersed phase is considered. The transient energy conservation equation is solved using a fully implicit finite volume method. In the literature, there is a plenty of studies that had been carried out when the electric field acts in the same plane of translation. In this paper, considering creeping flow regime, numerical computations have been conducted when the electric field acts perpendicular to the plane at which translation acts. As such the flow is no longer a two dimensional flow as a third component velocity comes to picture. At the first glance, thoughts of transport enhancement come to mind on the presence of a third velocity component that might promote mixing and consequently enhance transport effectiveness. Results are expressed in terms of the Nusselt number. Nusselt numbers are plotted in terms of Peclet number, Fourier number and the parameter L which is defined as the ratio of the maximum electric-field-induced surface velocity to translation-induced surface velocity. The code was validated by comparing, results for Peclet numbers of 500 and 1000 to corresponding cases available in literature. Results showed good agreement with previous results. A 3-D grid of 20×40×60 has been considered to cover the computational domain. A grid independence study has been carried out by doubling the whole grid. Results show acceptable results compromising accuracy and code running time. The effect of electric field is expressed in terms of parameter L. For low Peclet numbers (Pe ≤ 250), the application of electric field perpendicular to the plane at which translation acts leads to enhancement of heat/mass transport compared to that in pure translation. Such enhancement is about the same when the electric field and translation act in the same plane. On the other hand, for moderate Peclet numbers (Pe= 250∼1000), the transport enhancement is significant when compared to the enhancement obtained by an electric field acts in the same plane of action of translation as well as pure translation. These results can be understood by comparing time scales for diffusion and convection. When Peclet number is low the convection time scale is very large and hence mixing is not that effective in promoting heat / mass transfer. Whereas for moderate Peclet number, when the convection time scale gets smaller, heat/mass transfer is considerably enhanced compared to low Peclet numbers.

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Qiu, Huihe, e Peng Zhang. "3D Flow Dynamics in a Patterned Round Microchannel". In ASME 2009 7th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2009-82086.

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The development of MEMS requires deliberate designs for controlling fluids in the low Reynolds number regime. Arranging surface charges in rectangular channels to obtain in-plane or out-of-plane vortices have been studied by previous researchers. However, previous surface modification techniques require different signs of zeta potentials from the other wall surfaces which made it difficult in selecting and coating microchannels. Previously, the opposite polarities are usually adjusted by changing the pH value of the solution with acid chemicals in other researches which made the solution complicated and difficult to simulate a real application. Meanwhile the acid chemicals may also destroy the coating. It is convenient to use same polarity patches if a vortex flow can also be generated. However, it is not clear if the patterned surface charges have the same polarity of zeta potentials as the other walls, what kind flow pattern will be generated and what mechanism behind the flow pattern. Furthermore, the cross-section of previously studied microchannels is usually limited to a rectangular shape. Therefore, the surface charge patterns are usually in 2D since the sidewalls of the rectangular microchannels are difficult to be patterned. However, a channel with round cross-section has better leak-proof performance of the membrane valve. Furthermore, a round channel is also advantageous in mimicking the human vein when a vascular structure is needed in tissue scaffolding, the round microfluidic channel is considered as a good candidate for an artificial capillary vessel. It is anticipated that there will be no stagnation occurs at the corner edges, which occurs at the corners of a rectangular channel, for a round microchannel owing to the perfectly symmetrical velocity profile. This is important when the microfluidic chip is subjected to a separation process such as liquid chromatography. In this paper, effects of patterned surface modification on 3D vortex flows generation in a micro capillary tube under very low Reynolds number have been investigated. Microfabrication technology was successfully employed to pattern surface charges on inner surfaces of round capillary tubes, which form non-uniform zeta-potentials. This technique extends the heterogeneous surfaces from flat surface to curved surface. 3D vortices are visualized and measured at the vicinity of tube walls when an electric field is applied across the surfaces utilizing micro resolution PIV. It demonstrated that 3D vortices can also be generated by the patterned surface charges with a same polarity. Experimental results have been compared with the numerical simulations using CFD-ACE+.

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Ghanbarzadeh, Soheil, Siyavash Motealleh e Jack Jones. "RTA Workflow: A Critical Review". In SPE Conference at Oman Petroleum & Energy Show. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/218587-ms.

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Abstract Rate Transient Analysis (RTA) software encapsulates the standard approach used to extract useful completion and reservoir parameter estimates from shale reservoir production data (rate and pressure versus time). The standard well/reservoir model used in analysis software assumes that flow from the reservoir pore volume outside of the fracture tips can be ignored and, hence, the model exhibits two main flow regimes in the well response. The first of these is the formation linear flow regime which can be analyzed using a ‘linear flow analysis’ plot to obtain an estimate of A*k1/2. Here, A is the effective total fracture area and k is formation permeability. If k can be estimated then A can be used to back calculate an estimate of effective fracture half-length, xf. The second of these flow regimes is the SRV- Boundary dominated flow regime which theoretically begins at the point when the linear flow regime ends. In practice, the data in this flow regime is analyzed on a ‘flowing material balance analysis’ plot to obtain an estimate of the amount of gas originally in the SRV volume, i.e. SRV OGIP. In general, industry standard RTA software couples the two analysis plots to obtain an estimate of xf first and then an estimate of k. The SRV OGIP is used to backcalculate an estimate of effective xf with user defined well length, rock and fluid properties. With xf fixed, a value of A can be calculated with user defined input for the number of fractures intercepting the well, N. The value of permeability can then be obtained from the results of the linear flow analysis plot. The coupling of these plots to obtain a complete analysis of the production data (estimates of k, xf and SRV OGIP) introduces some difficulties since the choice of the time to the end of linear flow on the ‘linear flow analysis’ plot impacts the shape of the data on the ‘flowing material balance analysis’ plot. The purpose of this study is to examine critically this approach and develop some understanding of when it can be expected to be successful. To that end, a systematic study was designed to obtain representative simulations of production data responses from the three main types of shale reservoirs that dominate the BP unconventional shale reservoir portfolio. These types are dry gas with and without associated free water production (Haynesville type), volatile oil with associated free water production (Permian type) and gas condensate with associated free water production (Eagle Ford type). In addition to these fluid property and reservoir flow types, three fracture geometry configuration have been considered. The first configuration reflects the standard model used in RTA software. In this configuration all the fractures are sysmmetric bi-wing fractures with uniform spacing along the well. Each fracture has the same fracture half-length, xf. The second configuration is similar to the first except fracture half-length varies from one fracture to the next. The third configuration is the most general. In this configurations, fracture half-length varies from fracture to fracture, spacing between the fractures varies and the fractures are not sysmmetric bi-wing completions. In all of the cases studied, flow contribution from beyond the fracture tips, i.e. fluid influx from pore volume outside the SRV, is included. The CMG β (black oil) model has been used throughout as the chosen simulation tool for the Permian type well responses (oil/water). The dry gas and gas condensate simualtions were done using CMG GEM. Analysis of the various production data simulations have been done in Harmony RTA focusing on evaluating the effectiveness of the standard work flow, establishing what can actually be extracted from the analyses and improving on the analyses, where possible. The major conclusions justified by the work documented here are: Formation linear flow (FLF) analysis can be done accurately on data from single phase gas producing wells and for data from wells producing hydrocarbon and water if well pressure is above fluid saturation pressure. The new equations required for successful FLF analysis when the data comes from wells producing hydrocarbon and water above fluid saturation pressure are derived and presented.Picking the end of the FLF regime consistent with the well/reservoir configuration simulated cannot be done accurately if flow from beyond the frature tips is included. This yields the observation that the flowing material plot does not generally give a good estimate of SRV volume.

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