Artigos de revistas: "Unified Observer"

1

Hou, M., e P. C. Muller. "Disturbance decoupled observer design: a unified viewpoint". IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 39, n.º 6 (junho de 1994): 1338–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/9.293209.

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Lee, Dong-Gi, e Inha Hyun. "Optimal Observer of a Stochastic Decentralized Singularly Perturbed Unified System". Journal of Korean Institute of Information Technology 18, n.º 7 (30 de julho de 2020): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14801/jkiit.2020.18.7.29.

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Xiang, Yan, Jing Yang, Hao Zhu e Ding Xiang Dong. "The Observer Pattern Research Based on rCOS". Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (fevereiro de 2014): 936–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.936.

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Design patterns is a good method to solve software crisis and realize the software reuse. It is usually combined with the Unified Modeling Language (UML) to establish the system framework. And Observer pattern is high frequently used in actual modeling. So this paper presents formalization of the Observer pattern based on refinement Calculus of Object Systems (rCOS), this research describes formal semantics of the patterns UML class diagram and sequence diagram and guarantee the characteristics and properties of the pattern at the same time in order to use system model accurately which involved Observer pattern.

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4

Bianchi, Stefano, Roberto Maiolino e Guido Risaliti. "AGN Obscuration and the Unified Model". Advances in Astronomy 2012 (2012): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/782030.

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Unification Models of Active Galactic Nuclei postulate that all the observed differences between type 1 and type 2 objects are due to orientation effects with respect to the line of sight to the observer. The key ingredient of these models is the obscuring medium, historically envisaged as a toroidal structure on a parsec scale. However, many results obtained in the last few years are clearly showing the need for a more complex geometrical distribution of the absorbing media. In this paper, we review the various pieces of evidence for obscuring media on different scales, from the vicinity of the black hole to the host galaxy, in order to picture an updated unification scenario explaining the complex observed phenomenology. We conclude by mentioning some of the open issues.

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Boulkroune, A., M. Tadjine, M. M’Saad e M. Farza. "Design of a unified adaptive fuzzy observer for uncertain nonlinear systems". Information Sciences 265 (maio de 2014): 139–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2013.12.026.

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Cimini, Gionata, Gianluca Ippoliti, Giuseppe Orlando, Sauro Longhi e Rosario Miceli. "A unified observer for robust sensorless control of DC–DC converters". Control Engineering Practice 61 (abril de 2017): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2017.01.012.

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Peng, Haipeng, Yan Shao, Lixiang Li e Yixian Yang. "Cryptanalysis of a Chaotic Communication Scheme Using Parameter Observer". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2010 (2010): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/361860.

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This paper addresses the cryptanalysis of a secure communication scheme proposed by Wu (2006), where the information signal is modulated into a system parameter of a unified chaotic system. It is demonstrated that a parameter observer can be designed to identify the parameter determined by the transmitted information and then the transmitted information can be obtained. Compared with the existing analysis using adaptive observer, the cryptanalysis based on parameter observer is much simpler and needs less structure information of the transmitter system. With numerical simulations, it is shown that the parameter observer has stronger practicality and robustness. Furthermore, it is still possible to obtain the transmitted information, even if the derivative of the transmitted signal is unknown.

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Ferjani, A., I. Zaidi e M. Chaabane. "Robust Observer-Based H∞ Controller Design for Motorcycle Lateral Dynamics". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (10 de junho de 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2158129.

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The present work deals with the design problem of a robust observer-based controller for a motorcycle system using LPV approach. The designed model is specifically uncertain and disturbed one, whose uncertainties are related to variations of both the cornering stiffness and the longitudinal velocity. The nonlinear motorcycle model is firstly transformed on an uncertain LPV model with two vertices; then an observer-based H∞ robust controller is designed. Both the controller and observer gain matrices are computed by solving a unified convex optimization problem under LMI constraints using YALMIP solver. Numerical simulation results are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the designed method.

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WANG, XING-YUAN, e ZUN-WEN HU. "PROJECTIVE SYNCHRONIZATION OF FRACTIONAL ORDER CHAOTIC SYSTEMS BASED ON STATE OBSERVER". International Journal of Modern Physics B 26, n.º 30 (7 de outubro de 2012): 1250176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979212501767.

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Based on the stability theory of fractional order systems and the pole placement technique, this paper designs a synchronization scheme with the state observer method and achieves the projective synchronization of a class of fractional order chaotic systems. Taking an example for the fractional order unified system by using this observer controller, and numerical simulations of fractional order Lorenz-like system, fractional order Lü system and fractional order Chen system are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

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Bao Tran, Gia Quoc, Thanh-Phong Pham e Olivier Sename. "Multi-objective Unified qLPV Observer: Application to a Semi-active Suspension System". IFAC-PapersOnLine 54, n.º 8 (2021): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2021.08.593.

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Gao, Nan, Mohamed Darouach, Holger Voos e Marouane Alma. "New unified H∞ dynamic observer design for linear systems with unknown inputs". Automatica 65 (março de 2016): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2015.10.052.

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Luo, R. Z., Y. L. Wang e S. C. Deng. "Modified Projective Synchronization of Uncertain Unified Chaotic Systems via Backstepping Approach". Applied Mechanics and Materials 66-68 (julho de 2011): 1136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.66-68.1136.

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This paper focuses on modified projective synchronization of uncertain unified chaotic systems via backstepping approach. A parameter observer is designed to identify the unknown parameter of unified chaotic systems and a novel backstepping control method is presented for synchronizing two identical unified chaotic systems with each other. Numerical simulations are shown to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control technique.

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13

Swensson, Richard G. "Unified measurement of observer performance in detecting and localizing target objects on images". Medical Physics 23, n.º 10 (outubro de 1996): 1709–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.597758.

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WANG, XING-YUAN, e XIN-GUANG LI. "PROJECTIVE SYNCHRONIZATION OF A CLASS OF CHAOTIC SYSTEMS BASED ON OBSERVER". International Journal of Modern Physics B 25, n.º 28 (10 de novembro de 2011): 3765–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979211059061.

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Based on techniques from the state observer design and the pole placement technique, we present a systematic design procedure to synchronize a class of chaotic systems by a scaling factor (projective synchronization). Compared with the method proposed by Wen and Xu, this method eliminates the nonlinear item from the output of the drive system. Furthermore, the scaling factor can be adjusted arbitrarily in due course of control without degrading the controllability. Finally, feasibility of the technique is illustrated for the unified chaotic system.

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Kulkarni, Anagha, Siddharth Srivastava e Subbarao Kambhampati. "A Unified Framework for Planning in Adversarial and Cooperative Environments". Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (17 de julho de 2019): 2479–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33012479.

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Users of AI systems may rely upon them to produce plans for achieving desired objectives. Such AI systems should be able to compute obfuscated plans whose execution in adversarial situations protects privacy, as well as legible plans which are easy for team members to understand in cooperative situations. We develop a unified framework that addresses these dual problems by computing plans with a desired level of comprehensibility from the point of view of a partially informed observer. For adversarial settings, our approach produces obfuscated plans with observations that are consistent with at least k goals from a set of decoy goals. By slightly varying our framework, we present an approach for producing legible plans in cooperative settings such that the observation sequence projected by the plan is consistent with at most j goals from a set of confounding goals. In addition, we show how the observability of the observer can be controlled to either obfuscate or convey the actions in a plan when the goal is known to the observer. We present theoretical results on the complexity analysis of our approach. We also present an empirical evaluation to show the feasibility and usefulness of our approaches using IPC domains.

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16

Zong, Qun, Xiuyun Zhang, Shikai Shao, Bailing Tian e Wenjing Liu. "Disturbance observer-based fault-tolerant attitude tracking control for rigid spacecraft with finite-time convergence". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 233, n.º 2 (19 de novembro de 2017): 616–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410017740918.

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In this paper, finite-time fault-tolerant attitude tracking control is investigated for rigid spacecraft system with external disturbances, inertia uncertainties and actuator faults. A novel finite-time disturbance observer combined with a nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller is developed. Using an equivalent output error injection approach, a finite-time disturbance observer with simple structure is firstly designed to estimate lumped uncertainty. Then, to remove the requirement of prior knowledge about lumped uncertainty and reduce chattering, an adaptive finite-time disturbance observer is further proposed, and the estimations converge to the neighborhood of the true values. Based on the designed observer, a unified finite-time attitude controller is obtained automatically. Finally, both additive and multiplicative faults are considered for simulations and the results illustrate the great fault-tolerant capability of the proposed scheme.

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17

Chang, Wei-Der, Shun-Peng Shih e Chih-Yung Chen. "Chaotic Secure Communication Systems with an Adaptive State Observer". Journal of Control Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/471913.

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This paper develops a new digital communication scheme based on using a unified chaotic system and an adaptive state observer. The proposed communication system basically consists of five important elements: signal modulation, chaotic encryption, adaptive state observer, chaotic decryption, and signal demodulation. A sequence of digital signals will be delivered from the transmitter to the receiver through a public channel. It is rather reasonable that if the number of signals delivered on the public channel is fewer, then the security of such communication system is more guaranteed. Therefore, in order to achieve this purpose, a state observer will be designed and its function is to estimate full system states only by using the system output signals. In this way, the signals delivered on the public channel can be reduced mostly. According to these estimated state signals, the original digital sequences are then retrieved completely. Finally, experiment results are provided to verify the applicability of the proposed communication system.

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18

Teng, Yongxiao, Qiang Gao, Xuehan Chen e Dianguo Xu. "Design of Lumped Disturbance Observer in Current Loop of IPMSM Based on Recursive Integral Sliding Mode Surface". Energies 17, n.º 4 (9 de fevereiro de 2024): 836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17040836.

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To overcome the problem of current control effect being reduced by unideal factors in a motor control system, such as motor parameter variation, inverter dead time, nonlinearity of the system, etc., a sliding mode disturbance observer for an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor is proposed in this paper. The model of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor with unideal factors is designed, and the unideal factors are unified into lumped disturbances of motor stator voltage. Then, the observer for lumped disturbance is designed. A recursive integral sliding surface is used to replace the terminal sliding surface to avoid the noise sensitivity and singularity problem of the traditional terminal sliding mode observer. The observer can estimate the lumped disturbance of the current loop without relying on the accurate system model in finite time. Moreover, the structure of the current loop does not need to be adjusted while using the observer to observe and compensate for disturbances. Experiments are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed observer.

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19

Wiethölter, Mats, Doruk Akgün, Fabian Plachel, Marvin Minkus, Daniel Karczewski, Karl Braun, Kathi Thiele, Luis Becker, Ulrich Stöckle e Philipp Moroder. "Inter-Observer and Intra-Observer Reliability Assessment of the Established Classification Systems for Periprosthetic Shoulder Fractures". Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, n.º 9 (28 de abril de 2023): 3168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12093168.

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This study evaluated the reliability and comprehensiveness of the Unified classification system (UCPF), Wright & Cofield, Worland and Kirchhoff classifications and related treatment recommendations for periprosthetic shoulder fractures (PPSFx). Two shoulder arthroplasty specialists (experts) and two orthopaedic residents (non-experts) assessed 20 humeral-sided and five scapula-sided cases of PPSFx. We used the unweighted Cohen’s Kappa (κ) for measuring the intra-observer reliability and Krippendorff’s alpha (α) for measuring the inter-observer reliability. The inter-rater reliabilities for the Wright & Cofield and Worland classifications were substantial for all groups. The expert and non-expert groups for UCPF also showed substantial inter-rater agreement. The all-rater group for the UCPF and the expert and non-expert group for the Kirchhoff classification revealed moderate inter-rater reliability. For the Kirchhoff classification, only fair inter-rater reliability was found for the non-expert group. Almost perfect intra-rater reliability was measured for all groups of the Wright & Cofield classification and the all-rater and expert groups of the UCPF. All groups of the Kirchhoff and Worland classifications and the group of non-experts for the UCPF had substantial intra-rater reliabilities. Regarding treatment recommendations, substantial inter-rater and moderate intra-rater reliabilities were found. Simple classification systems for PPSFx (Wright & Cofield, Worland) show the highest inter- and intra-observer reliability but lack comprehensiveness as they fail to describe scapula-sided fractures. The complex Kirchhoff classification shows limited reliability. The UCPF seems to offer an acceptable combination of comprehensiveness and reliability.

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20

Kwon, SangJoo, e Wan Kyun Chung. "A Robust Tracking Controller Design With Hierarchical Perturbation Compensation". Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 124, n.º 2 (10 de maio de 2002): 261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1468996.

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A robust tracking controller for mechanical systems is proposed by combining the robust perturbation compensator which effectively attenuates the perturbation to the plant with the nominal tracking controller designed using the sliding surface. This approach enables a smooth sliding mode in tracking control loop without chattering problem. A unified view is given on a class of perturbation observers. Three kinds of equivalent expressions for the perturbation of a plant is described. In terms of the equivalents, we propose the feedforward perturbation observer (FFPO), the feedback perturbation observer (FBPO), and the sliding mode perturbation observer (SMPO). Successively, by hierarchically adopting these three observers to attenuate the residual perturbation, the hierarchical perturbation compensator (HPC) is constructed with stability analysis. The adaptive and integral property of the HPC greatly enhances the robust performance with minimal control effort. The actuator saturation issue is also considered. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.

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21

Frank, P. M., e B. Koppen. "Review of Optimal Solutions to the Robustness Problem in Observer-Based Fault Detection". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 207, n.º 2 (maio de 1993): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1993_207_324_02.

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The paper presents a unified approach and general solution of the robustness problem in fault detection and isolation concepts. The ultimate objective is the design of an unknown input fault-detection observer providing a perfect decoupling between unknown inputs and faults. If this is not possible because certain prerequisites are not fulfilled, two optimal compromises in the time domain and in the frequency domain are described. The basic definitions concerning robustness and unknown input fault detectability are given, and the design techniques for the proposed approaches are outlined. The cross-connections to other methods are discussed and a practical example is given.

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Duan, Guangren, e Yunli Wu. "Unified parametric approaches for high-order integral observer design for matrix second-order linear systems". Journal of Control Theory and Applications 4, n.º 2 (maio de 2006): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11768-006-4060-4.

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Li, Zhuoshi, Ming Liu, Hamid Reza Karimi e Xibin Cao. "Observer-Based Stabilization of Spacecraft Rendezvous with Variable Sampling and Sensor Nonlinearity". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/902452.

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This paper addresses the observer-based control problem of spacecraft rendezvous with nonuniform sampling period. The relative dynamic model is based on the classical Clohessy-Wiltshire equation, and sensor nonlinearity and sampling are considered together in a unified framework. The purpose of this paper is to perform an observer-based controller synthesis by using sampled and saturated output measurements, such that the resulting closed-loop system is exponentially stable. A time-dependent Lyapunov functional is developed which depends on time and the upper bound of the sampling period and also does not grow along the input update times. The controller design problem is solved in terms of the linear matrix inequality method, and the obtained results are less conservative than using the traditional Lyapunov functionals. Finally, a numerical simulation example is built to show the validity of the developed sampled-data control strategy.

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Pukdeboon, Chutiphon. "Output Feedback Control for Asymptotic Stabilization of Spacecraft with Input Saturation". Journal of Control Science and Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6979765.

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This paper investigates the attitude stabilization problem of rigid spacecraft subject to actuator constraints, external disturbances, and attitude measurements only. An output feedback control framework with input saturation is proposed to solve this problem. The general saturation function is utilized in the proposed controller design and a unified control method is developed for the asymptotic stabilization of rigid spacecraft without velocity measurements. Asymptotic stability is proven by Lyapunov stability theory. Moreover, a new nonlinear disturbance observer is designed to compensate for external disturbances. Then, a composite controller is presented by combining a unified saturated output feedback control with a nonlinear disturbance observer. Desirable features of the proposed control scheme include the intuitive structure, robustness against external disturbances, avoidance of model information and velocity measurements, and ability to ensure that the actuator constraints are not violated. Finally, numerical simulations have been carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control method.

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Pradeep, Kandukuri, e K. Vinay Kumar. "Observer-Based Quadrature Signal Generator for UPQC in a Single-Phase Distribution System". ITM Web of Conferences 50 (2022): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20225003002.

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This paper presents a control algorithm for generation of reference voltage and current based on Observerbased QSG (Quadrature Signal Generator) for UPQC (Unified Power Quality Conditioner) in a Single-Phase Distribution System. The proposed UPQC is a combination of DSTATCOM and DVR used for load and source compensation such as voltage sag and swell, voltage and current harmonics etc. The proposed control algorithm is capable of generating reference signals from the distorted voltages and currents. In this paper, an improved OQSGbased PLL (Phase-Locked Loop) is utilized over OQSG to enable and operate with increased bandwidths that will improve the dynamic response, tracking accuracy and faster detection of reference signal under all varying load and grid conditions. The control algorithm is tested and evaluated using MATLAB / Simulink.

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Shimozaki, S. S., W. A. Schoonveld e M. P. Eckstein. "A unified Bayesian observer analysis for set size and cueing effects on perceptual decisions and saccades". Journal of Vision 12, n.º 6 (22 de junho de 2012): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/12.6.27.

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27

Knecht, Sebastian. "Procedural reform at the Arctic Council: the amended 2015 Observer Manual". Polar Record 52, n.º 5 (8 de abril de 2016): 601–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247416000206.

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ABSTRACTThis note studies the addendum to the Arctic Council (AC)'s 2013 Observer Manual adopted at the Senior Arctic Officials’ (SAO) meeting in Anchorage, Alaska, in October 2015. The amendment means another essential step to systematise further and improve the council's working relations with currently 32 entities that hold observer status in the forum. Compared to the initial manual that sketched out the role observers should play in the council's subsidiary bodies, the latest revisions delineate a framework for enhancing observer participation and commitment in working group, task force and expert group meetings. After reviewing the content and practical implications of the addendum in the context of larger reform efforts to adapt the council to the age of a global(ising) Arctic, the article further discusses a number of signals the Anchorage decision sends to observers. These comprise the council's willingness and ability to quick, unified and purposeful action towards institutional adaptation and procedural reform as considered necessary to address organisational deficiencies, strengthened top-down steering of the reform processes by SAOs as related to the work conducted in subsidiary bodies and the overall functioning of the council, and higher expectations on observers to contribute to the AC system and deliver on the new provisions.

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Chiu, C.-S., e T.-S. Chiang. "Observer-based exponential stabilization of Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy systems with state and input delays". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 225, n.º 7 (4 de agosto de 2011): 993–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959651811394504.

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This paper proposes an exponential stabilization control method for uncertain Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy systems with state and input delays via output feedback. First, a unified memoryless fuzzy observer-based control method is introduced for stabilizing continuous and discrete uncertain time-delay fuzzy systems. Then, the exponential stability conditions are derived and converted to solving linear matrix inequality (LMI) problems. Based on the developed novel LMI algorithms, the controller and observer gains are able to be separately designed even in the presence of modelling uncertainty, state delay, and input delay. In comparison with existing techniques the proposed technique produces controlled states and state estimation errors that are guaranteed to exponentially converge to zero via output feedback. This is a major breakthrough for the control of uncertain systems with both state and input unavailable time-varying delays. Finally, two studies are carried out on continuous and discrete time-delay systems. Numerical simulation and comparison results demonstrate the quality of the obtained performance.

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Zhou, Zhanqing, Zhengchao Xu, Guozheng Zhang e Qiang Geng. "Cooperative Control for Dual Permanent Magnet Motor System with Unified Nonlinear Predictive Control". World Electric Vehicle Journal 12, n.º 4 (17 de dezembro de 2021): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj12040266.

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In order to improve the position tracking precision of dual permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) systems, a unified nonlinear predictive control (UNPC) strategy based on the unified modeling of two PMSM systems is proposed in this paper. Firstly, establishing a unified nonlinear model of the dual-PMSM system, which contains uncertain disturbances caused by parameters mismatch and external load changes. Then, the position contour error and tracking errors are regarded as the performance index inserted into the cost function, and the single-loop controller is obtained by optimizing the cost function. Meanwhile, the nonlinear disturbance observer is designed to estimate the uncertain disturbances, which is used for feed-forward compensation control. Finally, the proposed strategy is experimentally validated on two 2.3 kW permanent magnet synchronous motors, and the experimental results show that effectiveness and feasibility of proposed strategy.

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HU, B. L., e ALPAN RAVAL. "THERMAL RADIANCE FROM BLACK HOLE AND COSMOLOGICAL SPACETIMES: A UNIFIED VIEW". Modern Physics Letters A 11, n.º 32n33 (30 de outubro de 1996): 2625–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732396002629.

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We investigate the origin and nature of thermal radiation emitted in two classes of spacetimes: in cosmological spacetimes (in general without event horizon), and in spacetimes with event horizons, such as that of an accelerated observer, a moving mirror, an eternal black hole and the inflationary universe. We propose the viewpoint that the detection of thermal radiance in these systems is a local, kinematic effect arising from the vacuum being subjected to an exponential scale transformation. In contradistinction to viewing these as global, geometric effects as is usually perceived, this viewpoint emphasizes the kinematic effect of scaling on the vacuum in altering the relative weight of quantum versus thermal fluctuations. It can also treat conditions which the geometric viewpoint cannot such as systems which do not have an event horizon. We show that in such systems radiance is indeed observed, albeit not in a precise Planckian spectrum. The deviation therefrom is determined by a parameter which measures the departure from exponential scaling which underlies uniform acceleration, eternal black holes or exact exponential cosmological expansion.

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Lin, Kuan-Yi, Tung-Sheng Chiang, Chian-Song Chiu, Wen-Fong Hu e Peter Liu. "Observer-Based H ∞ Fuzzy Synchronization and Output Tracking Control of Time-Varying Delayed Chaotic Systems". Journal of Mathematics 2021 (15 de setembro de 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5918268.

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Tracking control for the output using an observer-based H ∞ fuzzy synchronization of time-varying delayed discrete- and continuous-time chaotic systems is proposed in this paper. First, from a practical point of view, the chaotic systems here consider the influence of time-varying delays, disturbances, and immeasurable states. Then, to facilitate a uniform control design approach for both discrete- and continuous-time chaotic systems, the dynamic models along with time-varying delays and disturbances are reformulated using the T-S (Takagi–Sugeno) fuzzy representation. For control design considering immeasurable states, a fuzzy observer achieves master-slave synchronization. Third, combining both a fuzzy observer for state estimation and a controller (solved from generalized kinematic constraints) output tracking can be achieved. To make the design more practical, we also consider differences of antecedent variables between the plant, observer, and controller. Finally, using Lyapunov’s stability approach, the results are sufficient conditions represented as LMIs (linear matrix inequalities). The contributions of the method proposed are threefold: (i) systemic and unified problem formulation of master-slave synchronization and tracking control for both discrete and continuous chaotic systems; (ii) practical consideration of time-varying delay, immeasurable state, different antecedent variables (of plant, observer, and controller), and disturbance in the control problem; and (iii) sufficient conditions from Lyapunov’s stability analysis represented as LMIs which are numerically solvable observer and controller gains from LMIs. We carry out numerical simulations on a chaotic three-dimensional discrete-time system and continuous-time Chua’s circuit. Satisfactory numerical results further show the validity of the theoretical derivations.

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Zemouche, Ali, e Mohamed Boutayeb. "A unified adaptive observer synthesis method for a class of systems with both Lipschitz and monotone nonlinearities". Systems & Control Letters 58, n.º 4 (abril de 2009): 282–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sysconle.2008.11.007.

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Bacchieri, Alfredo. "Fundamentals of unified physics". Physics Essays 36, n.º 1 (25 de março de 2023): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-36.1.61.

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This work is based on the following three premises: (1) Equality c = u with u = (‐2u)1/2 as the total escape speed (from all the masses in the universe) and u the total gravitational potential; given a value of the universe mass, as shared by many physicists, u tends to c, hence constant on Earth. Moreover, the above equality implies the massiveness of light, which regards the second premise: (2) Structure of light: Longitudinal/sinusoidal particles, photons, moving along rays, having parameters λ (their length) and frequency ν (their number, of the same ray, flowing in a time unit); now, if photons and electron should have, at their impact, opposite direction, a circling electron could fall into its nucleus, hence the third premise. (3) A structure of the electron where its charge is not uniformly distributed, but it can be considered as a point particle fixed on the electron surface, facing the atom nucleus during the electron orbits; the electron charge corresponds to the photons-electron impact point, where photons are absorbed and released. Due to these structures, the photons-electron impacts will force the involved electron to move, with a radial velocity w, toward wider orbits. On these bases, and according to the classical mechanics laws, we found, but not limited to, these results: The measured speed of light, constant on Earth because of the equality #1, turns out to be also invariant whatever the relative motion observer-source (of light) is: In short, during the interaction photons-electron, due to both the electron radial velocity and its Doppler effect, if the photons frequency decreases, then their length will increase (and vice versa) always inducing the invariant c. [The equality c = u has a cosmological reason: If c > u, all the visible masses, following the photons mass moving toward the infinity, would be dispersed from each other; if c < u all masses would collapse, while, for c = u, the photons mass (as well as neutrinos mass, as shown) will ensure an endless balance between dispersion and collapse.] The gravitational redshift and the claimed time dilation depend, like c, on the variation of the total potential. On H atom, the number of the electron circular orbits turns out to be n = 1, 2…137; the electron orbital speed along its ground-state (g-s) orbit becomes v 1 = c/137, while the electron charge g-s orbital speed is v o = αc with α being the fine-structure constant. As for the claimed fall of circling electrons into their nucleus due to their supposed photons emission, we found that the circling electrons are emitting the previously absorbed photons only during the spiral path from higher toward lower orbits; this emission avoids their fall. Then we show that the compensation velocity (to restore the resonance source-detector located at different heights) has opposite direction with respect to the one predicted by relativity.

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Piao, Minnan, Zhihong Yang, Mingwei Sun, Jian Huang e Zengqiang Chen. "A practical attitude control scheme for hypersonic vehicle based on disturbance observer". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 233, n.º 12 (11 de fevereiro de 2019): 4523–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410019827391.

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This paper proposes a practical three-channel attitude control scheme for hypersonic vehicle based on the linear active disturbance rejection control. The control scheme considers the weak and strong coupling scenarios separately due to the dynamic characteristics. For the weak coupling case, three linear active disturbance rejection controllers are designed for the Euler angles of the three channels, respectively, to deal with the strong uncertainties. The expected stability margin and dynamic performance can be guaranteed through the stability margin tester tuning method. Moreover, the control scheme for the pitch, yaw, and roll angles can be applied to the control of the angle of attack, the sideslip angle and the bank angle directly according to the flight dynamics of the hypersonic vehicle, thus realizing a unified control framework for all the attitude angles. For the strong coupling scenario like the fast reversal maneuver, the inner-loop angular rate feedback is performed first in this paper to enhance the damping characteristics, and then linear active disturbance rejection control is designed for the augmented plant to eliminate the strong coupling effects. Simulation results demonstrate the satisfactory tracking and disturbance rejection ability of the proposed methods.

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Solsona, Jorge A., Sebastian Gomez Jorge e Claudio A. Busada. "Modeling and Nonlinear Control of dc–dc Converters for Microgrid Applications". Sustainability 14, n.º 24 (16 de dezembro de 2022): 16889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416889.

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This paper proposes a high-performance control strategy for dc–dc converters supplying combined loads (constant current/power, and/or linear loads). This strategy combines a feedback law with a feedforward compensation. The feedback law is based on full feedback linearization, which guarantees that zero dynamics are avoided. To design a single controller for the three basic converter topologies (i.e., buck, boost and buck–boost), a unified model for these converters is introduced. From the resulting combined control law, the specific control law for each type of converter can be obtained by setting three constant coefficient to 0 or 1. The feedforward compensation is based on the estimated values of the load obtained via a nonlinear observer. The main advantage of this unified approach is that it is implemented by using a single algorithm which can be executed in a dedicated hardware, for instance, a single integrated circuit, providing a unified solution for the control of the mentioned topologies. The good performance of the proposed scheme is verified through simulations and tested via experimental application cases, concluding that this is a good unified solution to control dc–dc converters used in microgrid applications.

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Kim, Bong Keun, Hyun-Taek Choi, Wan Kyun Chung e Il Hong Suh. "Analysis and Design of Robust Motion Controllers in the Unified Framework". Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 124, n.º 2 (10 de maio de 2002): 313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1468995.

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Model based disturbance compensating methods such as disturbance observer, robust control with adaptive algorithm, enhanced internal model control are well known control structures for robust motion controller which can satisfy desired performance and robustness of high-speed/high-accuracy positioning systems. In this paper, these are analyzed in the unified framework and their design method is proposed. To do this, a generalized disturbance attenuation framework named RIC (robust internal-loop compensator) structure is introduced. Through parameterization based on RIC, it is shown that there are inherent equivalences in their structures and the proposed RIC gives a general design framework for the model based disturbance compensating methods. Through simulation, the proposed method is verified.

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Lou, Guannan, Wei Gu, Jianhui Wang, Jianhua Wang e Binshi Gu. "A Unified Control Scheme Based on a Disturbance Observer for Seamless Transition Operation of Inverter-Interfaced Distributed Generation". IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 9, n.º 5 (setembro de 2018): 5444–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2017.2769675.

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Mohammadpour Shotorbani, Amin, Mohammad Pourmahmood Aghababa, Saeed Gassem Zadeh, Behzad Mahboubi e Ali Ajami. "Robust terminal sliding mode power flow controller using unified power flow controller with adaptive observer and local measurement". IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 8, n.º 10 (1 de outubro de 2014): 1712–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2013.0637.

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Zhou, Yitong, Jing Chang e Weisheng Chen. "A Disturbance-Observer-Based Prescribed Performance Control Approach for Low-Earth-Orbit Satellite Trajectory Tracking". Remote Sensing 17, n.º 3 (31 de janeiro de 2025): 499. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17030499.

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As the complexity of Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO) satellite tasks and their performance requirements increase, higher demands are placed on satellites’ ability to track mission trajectories, including their accuracy, speed, and capacity to resist external disturbances during operation. This paper proposes an anti-disturbance prescribed performance control scheme for LEO satellites. The scheme establishes a unified framework to accommodate the high-performance requirements of satellite observation, while also incorporating a disturbance observer within this framework to counteract unknown external disturbances. Unlike existing trajectory tracking control methods, the proposed control scheme allows for the flexible selection of performance functions to adapt to diverse satellite performance demands. By focusing on the distance between tracking errors and the performance function, this approach avoids the performance boundary issues faced by traditional prescribed performance control, thus preventing excessive energy consumption by the LEO satellite. Additionally, within the proposed control framework, a disturbance observer is implemented to provide real-time compensation for unknown disturbances while ensuring minimal control input usage for disturbance rejection. Our experimental results show that the proposed control scheme achieves consistent performance for the LEO satellite and successfully accomplishes mission trajectory tracking, even in the presence of unknown disturbances.

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Kapahi, V. K., e V. K. Kulkarni. "Redshift distributions of steep and flat-spectrum radio quasars and relativistic beaming". Symposium - International Astronomical Union 119 (1986): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900152696.

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Redshift distributions of almost complete samples of steep as well as flat-spectrum radio quasars are investigated. It is found that flat-spectrum (core-dominated) quasars contain a higher fraction of high redshifts (z ≳ 1.4) compared to steep-spectrum ones. The difference can be understood in the ‘unified scheme’ in which the two types of quasars differ only in the orientation of their jet axes with respect to the observer.

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Kim, Wonhee, e Sangmin Suh. "Suboptimal Disturbance Observer Design Using All Stabilizing Q Filter for Precise Tracking Control". Mathematics 8, n.º 9 (26 de agosto de 2020): 1434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8091434.

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For several decades, disturbance observers (DOs) have been widely utilized to enhance tracking performance by reducing external disturbances in different industrial applications. However, although a DO is a verified control structure, a conventional DO does not guarantee stability. This paper proposes a stability-guaranteed design method, while maintaining the DO structure. The proposed design method uses a linear matrix inequality (LMI)-based H∞ control because the LMI-based control guarantees the stability of closed loop systems. However, applying the DO design to the LMI framework is not trivial because there are two control targets, whereas the standard LMI stabilizes a single control target. In this study, the problem is first resolved by building a single fictitious model because the two models are serial and can be considered as a single model from the Q-filter point of view. Using the proposed design framework, all-stabilizing Q filters are calculated. In addition, for the stability and robustness of the DO, two metrics are proposed to quantify the stability and robustness and combined into a single unified index to satisfy both metrics. Based on an application example, it is verified that the proposed method is effective, with a performance improvement of 10.8%.

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Guo, Jinjin, Juntong Qi e Chong Wu. "Robust fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control for nonlinear quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle system with unknown actuator faults". International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 18, n.º 2 (1 de março de 2021): 172988142110027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17298814211002734.

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This article addresses the problem that quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) actuator faults, including small-amplitude bias faults and gain degradation, cannot be detected in time. A hybrid observer, which combines the fast convergence from adaptive observer and the strong robustness from sliding mode observer, is proposed to detect and estimate UAV actuator faults accurately with model uncertainties and disturbances. A nonlinear quadrotor UAV model with model uncertainties and disturbances is considered and a more precise unified expression for actuator faults that do not require knowing where the upper or lower bound is provided. The original system is decomposed into two subsystems by coordinate transformation to improve detection accuracy for small amplitude bias faults and avoid external influences. The hybrid observer is then designed to estimate subsystem states and faults with good stability by selecting a Lyapunov function. A fault-tolerant controller is obtained depending on fault estimation by compensating the normal controller (proportion integral differential [PID] controller). Several numerical simulations confirmed that unknown actuator faults can be accurately detected, estimated, and compensated for even under disturbance conditions.

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Dharmarajan, Aravindh, Parivallal Arumugam, Sakthivel Ramalingam e Kavikumar Ramasamy. "Equivalent-Input-Disturbance Based Robust Control Design for Fuzzy Semi-Markovian Jump Systems via the Proportional-Integral Observer Approach". Mathematics 11, n.º 11 (1 de junho de 2023): 2543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11112543.

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This work focuses on the design of a unified control law, which enhances the accuracy of both the disturbance estimation and stabilization of nonlinear T-S fuzzy semi-Markovian jump systems. In detail, a proportional-integral observer based equivalent-input-disturbance (PIO-EID) approach is considered to model and develop the controller. The PIO approach includes a variable for relaxation in the system design along with an additional term for integration to improve the flexibility of the design and endurance of the system. The proposed stability criteria are formulated in the form of matrix inequalities using Lyapunov theory and depend on the sojourn time for robust control design. Final analyses are performed using MATLAB software with simulations to endorse the theoretical findings of this paper.

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Bueno-Contreras, Holman, Germán Andrés Ramos e Ramon Costa-Castelló. "Power Quality Improvement through a UPQC and a Resonant Observer-Based MIMO Control Strategy". Energies 14, n.º 21 (21 de outubro de 2021): 6938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14216938.

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Performance degradation is, in general, regarded as a power quality problem. One solution to recover grid performance is through the application of a unified power quality conditioner (UPQC). Although these devices are multi-input/multi-output (MIMO) systems, the most common control strategies consist of two decoupled controllers, which neglect the coupling effects and add uncertainty to the system. For this reason, this paper proposes a multivariable resonant observer-based control strategy of a UPQC system. This method includes all significant coupling effects between this system and the grid. This strategy results in a stability-based compensator, which differs from recently proposed strategies that are based on signal calculation and cannot assure closed-loop stability. In addition, this paper introduces a simplified controller tuning strategy based on optimal conventional methods without losing closed-loop performance. It implies that the controller can be easily tuned, despite the complexity of the MIMO dynamic model. The UPQC with the resonant observer is verified on an experimental setup for a single-phase system, obtaining three relevant results for power quality improvement: (1) harmonics compensation tested with a total harmonic distortion limit of 5%; (2) sags and swells mitigation; and (3) power factor correction, achieving a unitary value on the grid side.

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Cortegoso Valdivia, Pablo, Ulrik Deding, Thomas Bjørsum-Meyer, Gunnar Baatrup, Ignacio Fernández-Urién, Xavier Dray, Pedro Boal-Carvalho et al. "Inter/Intra-Observer Agreement in Video-Capsule Endoscopy: Are We Getting It All Wrong? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Diagnostics 12, n.º 10 (2 de outubro de 2022): 2400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12102400.

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Video-capsule endoscopy (VCE) reading is a time- and energy-consuming task. Agreement on findings between readers (either different or the same) is a crucial point for increasing performance and providing valid reports. The aim of this systematic review with meta-analysis is to provide an evaluation of inter/intra-observer agreement in VCE reading. A systematic literature search in PubMed, Embase and Web of Science was performed throughout September 2022. The degree of observer agreement, expressed with different test statistics, was extracted. As different statistics are not directly comparable, our analyses were stratified by type of test statistics, dividing them in groups of “None/Poor/Minimal”, “Moderate/Weak/Fair”, “Good/Excellent/Strong” and “Perfect/Almost perfect” to report the proportions of each. In total, 60 studies were included in the analysis, with a total of 579 comparisons. The quality of included studies, assessed with the MINORS score, was sufficient in 52/60 studies. The most common test statistics were the Kappa statistics for categorical outcomes (424 comparisons) and the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) for continuous outcomes (73 comparisons). In the overall comparison of inter-observer agreement, only 23% were evaluated as “good” or “perfect”; for intra-observer agreement, this was the case in 36%. Sources of heterogeneity (high, I2 81.8%98.1%) were investigated with meta-regressions, showing a possible role of country, capsule type and year of publication in Kappa inter-observer agreement. VCE reading suffers from substantial heterogeneity and sub-optimal agreement in both inter- and intra-observer evaluation. Artificial-intelligence-based tools and the adoption of a unified terminology may progressively enhance levels of agreement in VCE reading.

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Tsunetoe, Yuh, Shin Mineshige, Tomohisa Kawashima, Ken Ohsuga, Kazunori Akiyama e Hiroyuki R. Takahashi. "Diverse Polarimetric Features of AGN Jets from Various Viewing Angles: Towards a Unified View". Galaxies 10, n.º 5 (21 de outubro de 2022): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/galaxies10050103.

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Here, we demonstrate that polarization properties show a wide diversity depending on viewing angles. To simulate images of a supermassive black hole and surrounding plasma, we performed a full-polarimetric general relativistic radiative transfer based on three-dimensional general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics models with moderate magnetic strengths. Under an assumption of a hot-jet and cold-disk in the electron temperature prescription, we confirmed a typical scenario where polarized synchrotron emissions from the funnel jet experience Faraday rotation and conversion in the equatorial disk. Further, we found that linear polarization vectors are inevitably depolarized for edge-on-like observers, whereas a portion of vectors survive and reach the observers in face-on-like cases. We also found that circular polarization components have persistent signs in the face-on cases, and changing signs in the edge-on cases. It is confirmed that these features are smoothly connected via intermediate viewing-angle cases. These results are due to Faraday rotation/conversion for different viewing angles, and suggest that a combination of linear and circular polarimetry can give a constraint on the inclination between the observer and black hole’s (and/or disk’s) rotating-axis and plasma properties in the jet–disk structure. These can also lead to a more statistical and unified interpretation for a diversity of emissions from active galactic nuclei.

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Pham, Thanh-Phong, Olivier Sename e Luc Dugard. "Unified $\mathcal{H}_{\infty}$ Observer for a Class of Nonlinear Lipschitz Systems: Application to a Real ER Automotive Suspension". IEEE Control Systems Letters 3, n.º 4 (outubro de 2019): 817–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcsys.2019.2919813.

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ITO, Akihiro, e Masatake SHIRAISHI. "A Unified Observer Design and Its Structure Condition Based on Frequency Domain (2nd Report, Design Method of Disturbance Estimation)". Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 69, n.º 681 (2003): 1317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.69.1317.

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Gao, Lixin, Hui Fang, Wenhai Chen e He Cao. "Weighted Consensus Problem for Multiagent Systems with Edge- and Node-Weighted Directed Graphs". Complexity 2019 (30 de setembro de 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4583465.

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In this paper, the concept of consensus is generalized to weighted consensus, by which the conventional consensus, the bipartite consensus, and the cluster consensus problems can be unified in the proposed weighted consensus frame. The dynamics of agents are modeled by the general linear time-invariant systems. The interaction topology is modeled by edge- and node-weighted directed graphs. Under both state feedback and output feedback control strategies, the weighted consensus problems are transformed into the equivalent conventional consensus problems. Then, some distributed state feedback and output feedback protocols are proposed to solve the weighted consensus problems. For output feedback case, a unified frame to construct the state-observer-based weighted consensus protocols is proposed, and different design approaches are discussed. As special cases, some related results for bipartite consensus and cluster consensus can be obtained directly. Finally, a simple example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed approaches.

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Wang, Chun Mei, e Ren Long Chang. "Projective Synchronization of a Modified Coupled Dynamos System". Advanced Materials Research 466-467 (fevereiro de 2012): 1261–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.466-467.1261.

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Based on techniques from the state observer design and the pole placement technique, we present a systematic design procedure to synchronize a modified coupled dynamos system by a scaling factor ( projective synchronization ). Compared with the method proposed by Wen and Xu, this method eliminates the nonlinear item from the output of the drive system. Furthermore, the scaling factor can be adjusted arbitrarily in due course of control without degrading the controllability. Finally, feasibility of the technique is illustrated for the unified chaotic system.

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