Artigos de revistas: "Tyre (Lebanon)"

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Knudsen, Are John. "The Great Escape? Converging Refugee Crises in Tyre, Lebanon". Refugee Survey Quarterly 37, n.º 1 (26 de fevereiro de 2018): 96–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdx018.

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KASSEM, DR Ali. "Impact of Solid Waste Management on Rural Development in Lebanon Advantages and Disadvantages Case Study: Ain Baal Project (Tyre caza)". International Business & Economics Studies 3, n.º 4 (16 de novembro de 2021): p40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/ibes.v3n4p40.

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Solid waste is a global, regional and national problem. Lebanon is not isolated and far away from this problem. Lebanese state since the beginning did not work to find a scientific effective permanent lasting solution to this problem. Every day all media broadcast about solid waste problems, especially in the region of Sidon and Tyre caza. The file of solid waste management (collecting-transporting-disposal) is exhausting municipalities’ financial resources instead of investing these funds in implementing rural development programs, which TYRE caza fiercely needs. Development represents the most challenging aspect for all countries of the world, whether they are developed or developing countries. In addition, development in its concept and application, whether it was sustainable development, local, rural, urban, became the focal attention of states governments alike, whether those countries are developed or developing countries. For that purpose, those countries have established ministries and research centers to take care of development and even to add university degree related to development.Lebanon has not follow this track, neither in the formulation of designed ministry for development nor in the adding of university specialized degree, also the academic literature, who deals in the subject of development. “Limited number of institutions involved in rural development such as , the establishment of kafalat cooperation, a new investment law that establish the autonomous investment development authority of Lebanon (IDAL), the provision of subsidized credit through a central bank facility, signing trade agreements to expand and liberalize trade with Lebanon’s partners” E/ESCWA/2007/WG.5 26OCTOBER 2007.The research will focus on the concepts of rural development, rural area, analyze the impact of expenditure on solid waste on rural development in TYRE caza.

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Nir, Yaacov. "The city of Tyre, Lebanon and its semi-artificial tombolo". Geoarchaeology 11, n.º 3 (maio de 1996): 235–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6548(199605)11:3<235::aid-gea3>3.0.co;2-4.

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BouDagher-Fadel, Marcelle K., e Germaine Noujaim Clark. "Stratigraphy, paleoenvironment and paleogeography of Maritime Lebanon: a key to Eastern Mediterranean Cenozoic history". Stratigraphy 3, n.º 2 (2006): 81–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.29041/strat.03.2.01.

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The present biostratigraphic study of Palaeogene and Neogene carbonates focuses on the chronological evolution and paleoenvironment of the Eocene toMiocene stages and their facies before and during the episodic emersion ofMount Lebanon. Biozones based upon the presence of planktonic foraminifera, larger benthic foraminifera and calcareous algae in the Tertiary carbonates date for the first time major Cretaceous/Tertiary unconformities as well as lesser Neogene unconformities. Presently dated allochtonous carbonate detritals in younger host sediments provide a time line to earlier phases of interpreted emersions and/ or uplifts preceding the structural differentiation of Lebanon into a transpressive system, a restrained bend and a major transcurrent fault. For the first time, two shorelines are recognised and dated; a Palaeogene shoreline of Lutetian/Bartonian marine conglomerates and beach sands from Beirut to Jabal Terbol and a Neogene (Late Burdigalian) shoreline confined to south maritime Lebanon through Sidon and Tyre. Likewise, this study records the coincidence of a Quaternary beach rock above an older Tortonian/Messinian shoreline NE of Tyre. Biostratigraphic and sedimentary review of the EasternMediterranean Neogene confirms a Lebanon maritime differentiation from the neighbouring locations of coastal Israel in the south, South Eastern Cyprus, South Western Turkey and North Western Syria. It also links rhodalgal Langhian and Serravallian bank accretion to upwellings of cooler, nutrient rich waters and notes a slower rate of Tortonian and selective Messinian bank growth as warmer seas prevailed and affected the change in benthos and microfaunal communities.

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Marriner, N., C. Morhange e S. Meule. "Holocene morphogenesis of Alexander the Great's isthmus at Tyre in Lebanon". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104, n.º 22 (18 de maio de 2007): 9218–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0611325104.

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Elias, N., Y. Hourani, R. M. Arbogast, G. Sachau-Carcel, A. Badawi e D. Castex. "Human and Cattle Remains in a Simultaneous Deposit in the Hellenistic Necropolis of Jal al Bahr in Tyre: Initial Investigations". Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'Anthropologie de Paris 29, n.º 1-2 (25 de outubro de 2016): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13219-016-0168-3.

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Excavations at the Hellenistic necropolis of Jal al Bahr in Tyre (southern Lebanon) have uncovered eight human skeletons buried together with the remains of five cattle crania and mandibles and five vertebral segments (thoracic, lumbar, and sacral vertebrae in various combinations). This deposit, which is separate from the primary single burials in the necropolis, revealed human bodies buried in atypical positions simultaneously with cattle remains and has raised the question of the significance of these remains. Archaeoanthropological and archaeozoological approaches were used in this study to elucidate and discuss funerary practices that differed from the classic burial practices known to exist in Hellenistic Tyre.

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Nassour, Sahar, Gladys Honein-AbouHaidar, Stephen Kodish e Lamis Jomaa. "Cash Plus Social and Behavioral Change Communication Approaches to Improve Food Security: Findings From Formative Research With Syrian Refugees in Lebanon". Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (junho de 2021): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab035_074.

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Abstract Objectives This study aimed to complement existing cash transfer programs and at improving food security among Syrian refugees (SR) in Lebanon by (1) examining their food literacy and food purchasing behaviors and (2) developing a social and behavioral change communication (SBCC) strategy. Methods This qualitative study was conducted (Jan – Feb 2020) in two phases: Phase1 included 2 focus group discussions (FGD) among 21 SR women receiving cash assistance in Tyre, Lebanon to identify food literacy gaps and preferred health communication channels. In addition, in-depth interviews were conducted with key informants (KI) from international and non-governmental organizations working with SR; Phase 2 utilized qualitative findings for the development of a culturally-appropriate SBCC strategy to improve the food purchasing and healthy dietary behaviors of SR. Five months after phase 2, key findings were shared with KI through interviews in a form of ‘member checking’ to enhance data credibility and inform the interpretations of study findings in the context of COVID-19. An inductive approach to textual analysis was used to identify key themes and sub-themes for interpretation. Results Three major themes emerged from phase 1 data: Theme 1 reflected the highly precarious conditions of settlement camps that make it difficult for refugees to be food secure. Theme 2 suggested several determinants of food purchasing behaviors (limited nutrition knowledge, poor dietary habits contributing to sub-optimal dietary diversity, and limited exposure to nutrition education on food resource management and budgeting). Theme 3 revealed important nutrition education needs, as well as preferred channels to receive such information (e.g., group education, one-on-one counselling sessions, and WhatsApp-based messaging). Other communication channels suggested by KI, and that differed from those suggested by the refugee community in phase 1, included mass media campaigns and community mobilization. Conclusions Due to both environmental challenges and individual-level factors, SR living in Tyre, Lebanon were found to have poor dietary choices, thus an SBSS strategy tailored to their needs may help improve their food purchasing behaviors and alleviate their food insecurity levels. Funding Sources University Research Board grant at the American University of Beirut, Lebanon.

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Hassan, Hussein, Ali Salami, Ghassan Ghssein, Jeanne El-Hage, Nada Nehme e Rana Awada. "Seroprevalence of Brucella abortus in cattle in Southern Lebanon using different diagnostic tests". October-2020 13, n.º 10 (2020): 2234–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.2234-2242.

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Background and Aim: Brucellosis is endemic zoonotic and highly contagious bacterial disease. Recently, several brucellosis cases were reported in Lebanon, causing significant economic losses; however, no study was done so far on farms located in the southern part of the country. Thus, the aim of our study was to estimate the prevalence of Brucella abortus in South Lebanon using three different serological tests in the diagnosis of brucellosis in cattle. Materials and Methods: Seventeen farms from 14 locations in Southern Lebanon were selected. Two hundred and three bovine blood samples of different ages, and 121 milk samples collected from older than 2 years cattle were tested using different serological tests: Rose Bengal test (RBT), milk ring test (MRT), indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA), and confirmed with competitive ELISA (C-ELISA). Results: Results revealed that approximately 15.3% (confidence interval [CI] 95 10.3-20.2%) and 15.7% (CI 95 9.2-22.2%) of samples were positive using RBT and MRT, respectively. This percentage was significantly higher when using I-ELISA (18.3%) (CI 95 12.9-23.5%) and C-ELISA (18.7%) (CI 95 9.8-27.5%). Among used diagnostic tests, our results showed that ELISA was more accurate for the detection of brucellosis, especially since it detects the late stages of the infection, which is characterized by the presence of immunoglobulin G. The seroprevalence of brucellosis was higher among females. All positive tests were of cattle Holstein breed older than 2 years. Tyre and Jezzine cities had a higher significance in bovine brucellosis than Saida. A positive correlation between human and cattle brucellosis was found. Conclusion: Our results showed that bovine brucellosis is prevalent in southern Lebanon. Lack of research, in addition to little feedback of occurring illness or symptoms, creates a gap in helping to control the spread of the disease.

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Perdigon, Sylvain. "Life on the cusp of form: In search of worldliness with Palestinian refugees in Tyre, Lebanon". HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory 8, n.º 3 (dezembro de 2018): 566–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/701101.

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Hitchon, Patrick. "Roman Hippodrome, Tyre, Lebanon: Racing up to Five Chariots at a Time, Seating for 20,000 Spectators". Spine 34, n.º 17 (agosto de 2009): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.brs.0000358884.86355.8d.

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Nesser, Bassel I., Mohamed Hassan Soliman e Krzysztof Pytel. "Green energy from a hybrid PV panels and wind turbine farm in Lebanon". New Trends in Production Engineering 2, n.º 1 (1 de outubro de 2019): 541–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ntpe-2019-0058.

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Abstract The publication presents the results of analysis of green energy from a hybrid PV panels and wind turbine farm use in Lebanon. Electricity is one of the most critical problems in Lebanon. This publication presents an effective solution to this issue. It deals with the generation of green environment friendly electricity from photovoltaic (PV) panels and wind turbine. The genuine idea consists of placing these panels and turbines at the middle of the coastal highway since it is considered as a free land. The produced energy is fed directly to the off gird after being inverted using appropriate devices. The middle of the highway from Tyre to Sidon is considered to apply this research. The actual design consists of 15222 PV panels placed in pairs on a steel chassis among the entire 27300 m coastal distance, 2 meters wide and 7610 vertical axis wind turbines placed at a distance of 0.9 m away from each pair of PV panels. The total energy produced by the PV system is estimated to 7.4 GWh/y and 3.1 GWh/y at an average wind velocity of 4.04 m/s. In addition to its benefit from a free land, the produced energy is environment friendly since there is no carbon dioxide emission.

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Carmona, Pilar, e José Miguel Ruiz. "Geoarchaeological study of the Phoenician cemetery of Tyre-Al Bass (Lebanon) and geomorphological evolution of a tombolo". Geoarchaeology 23, n.º 3 (2008): 334–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gea.20202.

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Zahwe, Oussama, Ali Farhat e Mahdi Karawni. "The Experience of Primary Healthcare Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Lebanon". European Journal of Business and Management Research 8, n.º 1 (11 de janeiro de 2023): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2023.8.1.1786.

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The 2019 coronavirus outbreak was a worldwide event, and nurses had little time to prepare before being flooded with high-acuity patients and navigating new care plans. Nurses working in primary care at Tyre Hospitals and Medical Centers were invited to take part in an extremely cross-sectional online survey via social media and professional organizations. The survey tool was composed of demographic, and questions on the nurses’ employment and work roles. A total of 196 participated in the study. Nearly half of respondents (n = 88; 44.9%) reported either increased hours of employment, threatened termination, or actual termination of employment. Just over half of respondents (59.7%) feel well supported in their clinical role by their employer. While most respondents felt that they had sufficient knowledge about COVID-19, they expressed worry about work-related risks to themselves and their family members. 65.8% of respondents perceived that the support provided in their workplace was better than before the pandemic. The present paper represents the first study of primary healthcare nurses’ experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon. The study findings revealed a concerning level of support for primary healthcare nursing employment based on the number of participants.

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Elmaleh, A., A. Galy, T. Allard, R. Dairon, J. A. Day, F. Michel, N. Marriner, C. Morhange e F. Couffignal. "Anthropogenic accumulation of metals and metalloids in carbonate-rich sediments: Insights from the ancient harbor setting of Tyre (Lebanon)". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 82 (abril de 2012): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.04.032.

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Sayed, Linda. "Education and Reconfiguring Lebanese Shiʿi Muslims into the Nation-State during the French Mandate, 1920-43". Die Welt des Islams 59, n.º 3-4 (11 de setembro de 2019): 282–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700607-05934p02.

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AbstractThis article explores how educational reform became a primary concern for Shiʿi scholars and religious leaders as a means of integrating the Shiʿa of Lebanon into the broader national project during the French Mandate (1920-43). According to these Shiʿi writers, the lack of education contributed to their political and social marginalization as a community. This was the impetus for the development of the ʿĀmiliyya school in Beirut and the Jaʿfariyya school in Tyre. Based on archives from the ʿĀmiliyya and the Jaʿfariyya schools, this paper reflects on the pedagogical approaches taken by both schools to educate and “modernize” Shiʿi children during the French Mandate and early independence periods. Although each school had differing, and at times contrasting, objectives, their calls for educational advancement demonstrate Shiʿi efforts of inclusion into the new “modern” Lebanese nation-state. The establishment of the ʿĀmiliyya and the Jaʿfariyya schools demonstrates the growing sectarian and national underpinnings of the period.

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Farajalla, Nadim, e Joanna El-Khoury. "Impact of the July 2006 conflict on the water quality at the Tyre Coast Nature Reserve — A Ramsar site in Lebanon". Wetlands 27, n.º 4 (dezembro de 2007): 1161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2007)27[1161:iotjco]2.0.co;2.

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Saad, Raghda, Jocelyne Adjizian Gérard e Pierre Gérard. "Analyzing Coastline Alterations through Remote Sensing and Detect the Factors that Lead to this Phenomenon: An Investigative Example of Tyre Shoreline, South Lebanon". International Journal of Agriculture & Environmental Science 11, n.º 3 (29 de junho de 2024): 24–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/23942568/ijaes-v11i3p104.

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Hammoud, Mohammad, Jaafar Hallal, Tala Moussa e Hussein Kassem. "Techno-economic study of a hybrid power generation system at the Lebanese coastal highways". International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 10, n.º 4 (1 de dezembro de 2021): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v10.i4.pp373-382.

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Despite its great importance in daily life, electricity remains one of the most critical issues in Lebanon where the power supply has been erratic for years and the government faces numerous problems in buying foreign currency for fuel import from petroleum countries. Therefore, there is an urgent need for efficient solutions to produce local energy in a more sustainable way, leading to an environmentally friendly energy consumption, far away from conventional energy sources. In this work, unconventional technologies are used for the generation of clean energy from a system of <a name="_Hlk89670789"></a>photovoltaic (PV) panels and wind turbines. The novelty lies in the fact that the cost of the land required for the installation is almost zero. The middle of the highways is usually left unoccupied and therefore suitable for the project. Another innovative feature of the proposed system is its ability to be connected to the public utility without the need for battery storage, which reduces the total cost of the system. The proposed design consists of 87,750 PVs arranged in pairs on a steel frame for a coastal distance of 117,000 meters (highway distance between Tyre and Tripoli) with a width of 2 meters and 29,250 vertical wind turbines placed under the chassis. Using RETScreen software, the capacity of the resulting system is estimated at 39.9 GW/year. The system would lead to a reduction in CO2 and GHG emissions of approximately 28,211 tCO2/year. The payback period of this project is estimated at 9 years with a lifetime of 25 years.

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KAMIŃSKI, MARCIN JAN, PATRICE BOUCHARD, PIERO LEO e DARIUSZ IWAN. "On the type species of the genus Dendarus Dejean, 1821 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)". Zootaxa 5048, n.º 4 (8 de outubro de 2021): 575–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5048.4.6.

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Based on type specimen investigation, the status of Helops tristis Rossi, 1790 as the type species of the genus Dendarus Dejean, 1821 is confirmed. Lectotypes are designated for Helops tristis and Pandarus coarcticollis Mulsant, 1854 – both are classified in Dendarus. Pandarus libanicus Desbrochers des Loges, 1881 is recognised as a junior synonym of Dendarus calcaratus Baudi di Selve, 1881. Both taxa share the same locus typicus (Mount Lebanon in Lebanon) and are morphologically distinct from the Italian Dendarus lugens (Mulsant & Rey, 1854). Finally, D. lugens is considered as a synonym of D. (Dendarus) coarcticollis.

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Sinyakin, I. I., e A. Yu Skuratova. "Special Tribunal for Lebanon and progressive development of international criminal law". Law Enforcement Review 5, n.º 4 (6 de janeiro de 2022): 226–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.52468/2542-1514.2021.5(4).226-236.

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The subject. The article analyses the practice of the Special Tribunal for Lebanon and its Judgement of 18 August 2020, rendered against those found guilty of a terrorist act and the impact on the progressive development of international criminal law.The purpose. This article seeks to define what goal the international community pursued in establishing the Special Tribunal for Lebanon from the perspective of international security law, international criminal justice, and counter-terrorism cooperation. The legal nature of the terrorist attack of 14 October 2005 is essential in this regard: is the crime is comparable in its gravity and consequences to the crimes of genocide or war crimes in the territory of the former Yugoslavia or Rwanda, which predetermined the subsequent establishment of ad hoc international criminal tribunals? Further, was the establishment of the Special Tribunal for Lebanon an attempt to make the crimes of terrorism an international crime in practice? Finally, was the establishment of the Tribunal an attempt to lay the groundwork for a new type of international judicial bodies with jurisdiction over crimes of terrorism? The methodology. The authors use such general theoretical and specific scientific methods as comparative analysis, generalization, interpretation and classification as well as systemic analysis and formal logical methods.The main results. The legal qualification and analysis of the circumstances of the terrorist attack do not enable the conclusion that the bomb explosion in Beirut was comparable in danger and consequences to any international crimes or was a threat to international peace and security. In its turn, the involvement of the Security Council in the establishment of the Tribunal does not unequivocally evidence its alleged attempt to create a purely international criminal structure.The choice of applicable law granted to Lebanon and the fact that the crime committed solely affected the interests of that State would qualify the Tribunal as an internationalized judicial body, whose work would focus on defining the crime of terrorism through a broader lens of interpreting national legislation. In other words, the impetus for development has been given not to international but national criminal law.The Tribunal was created neither to progressively develop international criminal law with regard to defining terrorism as an international crime nor to advance the international criminal justice system. Rather, it was an attempt to address Lebanon’s specific political and legal challenges.Conclusions. The outcome of the Tribunal’s work could have a rather negative impact on the development of international criminal law, discrediting the very idea of enabling “peace through justice” and uniform, consistent application and interpretation of international criminal law.

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Viahapsari, Evi, e Aseptiana Parmawati. "ANALYSIS THE TYPE OF DEIXIS IN THE MAIN CHARACTER ON THE MOVIE I LEAVE MY HEART IN LEBANON". PROJECT (Professional Journal of English Education) 3, n.º 3 (23 de maio de 2020): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.22460/project.v3i3.p388-394.

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This study aimed to describe the type of deixis on the main character in the film titled I Leave My Heart in Lebanon. This research is descriptive qualitative research.The data of this research was collected by analysis of the use of language spoken by the main character in the film I Leave My Heart in Lebanon, with the stages: 1) Organizing the data by collects of all the data in the movie that contains of deixis. 2) Categorizing the data into the types based on levinson theory who classified deixis into deixis persona, spatial, temporal, discourse, and social. 3) Analyzing the data which containing five types of deixis. 4) Present the sample of the data that related to the study, the researcher will present the result of the research some of each category. All of the sources taken on the Film I Leave My Heart in Lebanon. Based on data analysis, the researcher found 125 data that indicates the type of deixis. including personal, temporal, spatial, social, and discourse deixis. The deixis in this film are dominated by personal deixis with 102 data.

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Salem, S. E., E. Dahdouh e Z. Daoud. "Resistance of Gram-Negative Bacilli in Lebanon". ISRN Infectious Diseases 2013 (17 de julho de 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2013/759208.

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Several studies have reported the isolation of resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli in Lebanon. However, those studies are new and scarce as compared to worldwide data and mostly restricted to single center studies. In this review, we attempt to provide a reliable and comprehensive report describing the current situation and providing prospects for bacterial resistance in Lebanon. Several studies have shown that Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae strains are being increasingly reported. Moreover, 2.15% of E. coli and 7.84% of K. pneumoniae isolates have shown carbapenem resistance and up to 30% of isolated E. coli strains were found to be Multi-Drug Resistant. Molecular studies showed that the most widespread β-Lactamases in Lebanon are of the CTX-M-15 and SHV types. In addition, K. pneumoniae strains producing metallo-β-Lactamase and Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase have been reported. Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii caused several nosocomial infections and some Acinetobacter baumannii strains were found to produce OXA-58 type ESBL. The few data addressing the rate of antibiotic consumption in Lebanon show a high rate of antibiotic misuse and abuse. In conclusion, there is a need for antibiotic stewardship programs and additional studies that go beyond the scope of single-center studies in Lebanon.

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MONTREUIL, OLIVIER, MARCO ULIANA e RICHARD SEHNAL. "The genus Haplidia Hope in Lebanon (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Rhizotrogini)". Zootaxa 4718, n.º 4 (8 de janeiro de 2020): 536–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4718.4.7.

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New data are given for some species of the genus Haplidia Hope, 1837 belonging to Lebanese fauna or recorded from Lebanon. Haplidia petrovitzi Baraud, 1988, and H. chaifensis Kraatz, 1882, are recorded for the first time from Lebanon. Haplidia endroedii Baraud, 1988 and H. baudii Kraatz, 1892, are removed from the Lebanese fauna. After type examination, Haplidia fissa Burmeister, 1855, is recognized as belonging to the genus Medeotrogus Keith, 2001, and the species recorded under this name from Lebanon is described and named Haplidia karlaeschneiderae Sehnal, Montreuil & Uliana, new species. Haplidia villosicollis Kraatz, 1882, is recorded for the first time from Jordan, and H. joannis Baraud, 1988, from Israel. Correctness of the name Haplidia versus Aplidia is also established.

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Ghayad, Racha, e Mohamad Hamdan. "Islamic banks: Profit Sharing Contracts and Agency Theory in the Islamic banks in Lebanon". International Journal of Research and Studies Publishing 2, n.º 18 (20 de abril de 2021): 137–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.52133/ijrsp.v2.18.6.

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The central feature characterizing the financial Islamic system is the absolute prohibition of the payment and receipt of fixed interest in any transaction. Theoretically, Islamic Banking operates on the basis of Profit Loss Sharing (Mudaraba and Musharaka). In Lebanon the balance sheet of Islamic banks appear that, the percentage of PLS financing is very weak. The lack of profit and loss sharing (PLS) financing is an important problem affecting Islamic banks in Lebanon. The main objective of this research is to analyze problems faced by Islamic banks in Lebanon to use the PLS contract. The type of PLS contract raises a set of issues concerning the contractual relations between the Islamic bank and the clients. These issues may be addressed from the perspectives of Agency Theory, as we will do in this paper.

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Bou Khouzam, Rola, Pawel Pohl, Baydaa Al Ayoubi, Farouk Jaber e Ryszard Lobinski. "Concentrations of toxic and essential elements in Lebanese bread". Pure and Applied Chemistry 84, n.º 2 (11 de janeiro de 2012): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-11-07-22.

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Concentrations of 20 minor, trace, and ultratrace elements relevant to human health (Ag, Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Si, Sn, V, and Zn) were determined in three varieties of Lebanese bread (white and brown double loaf bread, Saj bread) sampled at five geographical regions (Grand Beirut, South of Lebanon, North of Lebanon, Mount of Lebanon, and Beka’a) during the wet and dry seasons. The analyses were carried out by double-focusing sector-field inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (DF-SF-ICP-MS). The data were discussed in terms of nutritional elements supplied by type of bread, the risk of contamination by toxic elements (As, Cd, Pb) owing to the manufacturing process, and variations related to geographic distribution and seasonal sampling.

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Ghadban, Dr Socrat, e Manar Abou Zaki. "Dark Tourism in Lebanon: A Bright Opportunity to be Pursued". International Journal of Tourism & Hospitality Reviews 2, n.º 1 (24 de outubro de 2015): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/ijthr.2015.211.

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Tourism in Lebanon has always been a key contributor to the national economy. It is one of the main sectors Lebanon depends on besides banking. In this research, dark tourism was approached as an important type of tourism that has a significant potential role in Lebanon. Unfortunately, this is not reflected in the Ministry of Tourism list of tourist’s attractions. The interviews done in this research showed that the Lebanese government gives no attention to such sites, and even dark places’ owners do not give their sites the needed attention in term of tourism development strategies. 100 questionnaires were collected in three different locations. Results showed that the youth generation in Lebanon is interested visiting dark-related destinations. The motivations and willingness to pay were studied for four different sites. Sources of information had a very important effect on visiting dark-related sites. As for payment, a randomized complete block design test revealed that visitors’ willingness to pay depends on the visited site. Finally, an important aspect in this research treated the ethical dilemma in promoting dark-related sites which have an impact on the way dark tourism should be promoted.

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Andari, Emile, Paola Atallah, Sami Azar, Akram Echtay, Selim Jambart, Charles Saab, Harry CS Howlett e Murad Al-Naqshbandi. "Experts’ opinion on the detection and management of prediabetes in Lebanon". Science Progress 104, n.º 3 (julho de 2021): 003685042110294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00368504211029439.

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Given that the complications of type 2 diabetes can start at an early stage, early detection and appropriate management of prediabetes are essential. We aimed to develop an expert opinion on prediabetes in Lebanon to pave the way for national guidelines tailored for the Lebanese population in the near future. A panel of seven diabetes experts conducted a thorough literature review and discussed their opinions and experiences before coming up with a set of preliminary recommendations for the detection and management of prediabetes in Lebanon. Lebanese physicians employ multiple tests for the diagnosis of prediabetes and no national cut-off values exist. The panel agreed that prediabetes screening should be focused on patients exceeding 45 years of age with otherwise no risk factors and on adults with risk factors. The panel reached that fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HbA1c should be used for prediabetes diagnosis in Lebanon. FPG values of 100–125 mg/dL or HbA1c values of 5.7%–6.4% were agreed upon as indicative of prediabetes. For the management of prediabetes, a three-step approach constituting lifestyle modifications, pharmacological treatment and bariatric surgery is recommended. There should be more focus on research on prediabetes in Lebanon. This preliminary report will be further discussed with the Lebanese Society of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Lipids in 2021 in order to come up with the first Lebanese national guidelines for the detection and management of prediabetes in Lebanon.

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Hanuš, Lumír O., Rina Levy, Dafna De La Vega, Limor Katz, Michael Roman e Pavel Tomíček. "The main cannabinoids content in hashish samples seized in Israel and Czech Republic". Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 63, n.º 3 (18 de maio de 2016): 182–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07929978.2016.1177983.

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Cannabis, both herbal and resin, has been the most popular illicit drug in Israel in recent years. Until 2005, the main sources of cannabis resin (known also as hashish) to the Israeli drug market were Lebanon and India. Hashish from these sources can be distinguished by its external appearance. The aim of this study was to determine if there is any difference in the quality of the hashish from each source. For this purpose, we quantified the main cannabinoids, cannabidiol (CBD), Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), and cannabinol (CBN) of hashish from different police seizures of known origins, Lebanon, India and Morocco, that had been submitted to the Analytical Chemistry Laboratory of the Division of Identification and Forensic Science at the Israeli National Police Headquarters and subsequently to the Hebrew University for quantitative analysis. The results, based on many different seizures, showed that the average CBD content of hashish from Lebanon varied from 5.69% to 12.79% (an average 8.98 ± 0.59%), THC of hashish from Lebanon varied from 0.93% to 4.20% (an average of 2.38 ± 0.27 %), CBD of hashish from Morocco varied from 1.52% to 5.14% (an average of 3.72 ± 0.19%), THC of hashish from Morocco varied from 5.08% to 13.41% (an average of 9.21 ± 0.40%), CBD of hashish from India varied from 0.78% to 13.13% (an average of 4.59 ± 1.07%), and THC of hashish from India varied from 0.53% to 16.45% (an average of 6.35 ± 1.50%), At the same time, several other cannabinoids present in the samples in lower amounts were identified (cannabidivarol, CBDV; cannabicitran; Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarol, Δ9-THCV; cannabivarol, CBV; cannabicyclol, CBL; cannabichromene, CBC; cannabielsoin, CBE; Δ8-THC; and cannabigerol, CBG). The samples, predominantly from Lebanon, Morocco, and India, were evaluated for chemical phenotype (drug type and fiber type) to determine the geographical origin of these samples.Indian hashish, seized by Czech Republic authorities, was analyzed qualitatively for many cannabinoids and terpenes. In this sample three new cannabinoids were identified: cannabiorcochromene, cis-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarol, and cannabinerol.

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MLÍKOVSKÝ, JIŘÍ, e SYLKE FRAHNERT. "Type specimens and type localities of birds collected during the Hemprich and Ehrenberg expedition to Lebanon in 1824". Zootaxa 2990, n.º 1 (9 de agosto de 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2990.1.1.

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The 1824 expedition to Lebanon by Wilhelm Hemprich and Christian Ehrenberg resulted in the description of at least 28 bird species new for science. Despite its importance, however, this collection has never been fully studied or published. We used manuscripts, catalogues, and specimens archived at the Museum fur Naturkunde (ZMB), Berlin, to identify the type specimens, revise nomenclatural and (where appropriate) taxonomic status of species described on the basis of Hemprich and Ehrenberg’s material, and determine type localities and collection dates of these taxa.

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Abou Ali, H., D. Delparte e L. M. Griffel. "FROM PIXEL TO YIELD: FORECASTING POTATO PRODUCTIVITY IN LEBANON AND IDAHO". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W11 (14 de fevereiro de 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w11-1-2020.

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Abstract. Idaho and Lebanon rely on potatoes as an economically important crop. NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), GNDVI (Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), SAVI (Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index), and MSAVI2 (Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index 2) indices were calculated from PlanetScope satellite imagery for the 2017 growing season cloud free days. Variations in vegetation health were tracked over time and correlated to yield data provided by growers in Idaho. Based on ordinary least squares regression an Idaho yield forecast model was developed. Vegetation response during the growth stage at which potato tubers were filling out was significant in predicting yield for both the Norkotah and Russet potato variety. This corresponded to a week with high recorded temperatures that impacted the health status of the crops. The yield forecasting model was validated with a cross validation approach and then applied to potato fields in Lebanon. The Idaho model successfully displayed yield variation in crops for Lebanon. Spectral indices along with field topography allow the prediction of yield based on the crop type and variety.

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Crocetta, Fabio, Ghazi Bitar, Helmut Zibrowius e Marco Oliverio. "Increase in knowledge of the marine gastropod fauna of Lebanon since the 19th century". Bulletin of Marine Science 96, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2020): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5343/bms.2019.0012.

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We hereby review and update the current state of knowledge on the Lebanese gastropod biota based on published literature and the study of new samples. Review of 1543 published records yielded 237 gastropod taxa. New samples from the Lebanese coast yielded 2414 living specimens and 4003 empty shells, belonging to 188 taxa. Forty-six of the taxa are new records for the Lebanese fauna, bringing the gastropods known from Lebanon to 283 species. Literature records also included 71 nominal gastropod taxa based on type material from Lebanon, including 3 genera, 8 species, and 60 subspecific units. Of these, only 13 are retained as available. Of the 283 gastropod taxa known from Lebanon, 41 are aliens and 7 are cryptogenic. The majority of nonnative taxa were recorded only during the last decades, particularly from 1980 to 2019. Results from the present study question the common assumption that this region has extremely low native diversity. The flora and fauna of the Lebanese coast remain relatively unexplored and our data support the perception that several formerly abundant species have recently collapsed. Despite these advances, the lack of scientific data on biodiversity and community structure of Lebanese habitats and geographic zones is likely to hamper conservation actions and legal protection of critical species. We therefore recommend additional field and laboratory research to increase knowledge of both taxonomic composition and species' distributions in Lebanon and elsewhere in the easternmost Mediterranean Sea.

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TOKAJIAN, S. T., P. ABOU KHALIL, D. JABBOUR, M. RIZK, M. J. FARAH, F. A. HASHWA e G. F. ARAJ. "Molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus in Lebanon". Epidemiology and Infection 138, n.º 5 (5 de março de 2010): 707–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268810000440.

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SUMMARYStaphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen and is a growing public health concern. In this study, 130 S. aureus, 93 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and 37 methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA), clinical isolates recovered from Lebanon were typed by protein A gene (spa) sequencing and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). Forty-eight different spa types were identified and clustered into 30 different groups. MLST revealed 10 sequence types (STs) among the isolates. There were eight major MRSA clones defined as isolates with the same ST and the same SCCmec type. The majority of the PVL-positive isolates (53%) were ST80-MRSA-IVc. Systematic surveillance of both hospital and community isolates in Lebanon together with measures designed to limit the spread are required.

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Sader-Ghorra, Claude, Marc Rassy, Samah Naderi, Hampig Raphael Kourie e Joseph Kattan. "Type Distribution of Lymphomas in Lebanon: Five-Year Single Institution Experience". Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 15, n.º 14 (30 de julho de 2014): 5825–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.14.5825.

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Takieddine, Abir Riad. "Labor Market and Education in Lebanon: The Missing Link". International Journal of Economics and Finance 11, n.º 10 (10 de setembro de 2019): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v11n10p42.

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The Lebanese labor market is suffering from low activity and high unemployment rates. The Lebanese government formulated several policies, strategies, and roadmaps to trigger growth and reduce unemployment. However, economic growth will help reduce the cyclical unemployment while educational reform is essential to reduce the structural type. This study describes the labor market and education sector in Lebanon and their interaction. The researcher decided to adopt a mixed approach using qualitative as well as quantitative data and to rely upon primary (interviews) and secondary data. The study concluded that Lebanon does not have any established labor market information system and that the education sector is not able to measure its own relevance to labor market needs. The researcher provided several recommendations to help solve the problem.

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Marriner, Nick, e Christophe Morhange. "Preserving Lebanon's coastal archaeology: Beirut, Sidon and Tyre". Ocean & Coastal Management 51, n.º 5 (janeiro de 2008): 430–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2008.01.005.

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Maatouk, Ismaël, e Khalil Abdo. "Human papillomavirus prevalence in the oral cavity of men who have sex with men: a study of its first from Beirut, Lebanon". Sexual Health 13, n.º 4 (2016): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh16045.

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Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmissible viral infection worldwide. HPV is highly prevalent in sexually active men who have sex with men (MSM). The main objective of this study is to assess HPV prevalence in the oral cavity of MSM from Beirut, Lebanon. Methods: From November 2015 to January 2016, 42 MSM were recruited using respondent-driven sampling and provided oral samples for HPV DNA and for linear array testing to detect HPV type. Results: In total, 28 (66.67%) HIV-negative and 14 (33.33%) HIV-positive MSM were included. Overall, HPV prevalence in the oral cavity was 10% (95% CI 0.93–19.07) among all participants, but there was no statistical difference according to HIV status. The HPV type was exclusively HPV-6. Conclusions: These findings did not find an urgent need for routine HPV prevalence and screening for cancers in the oral cavity of a MSM group in Lebanon; however, they confirm previous findings about geographic variations in HPV prevalences.

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Faour-Klingbeil, Dima, Victor Kuri e Ewen Todd. "Comparison of hygiene standards and food safety practices between sole-proprietor and corporate-managed restaurants in Lebanon". British Food Journal 122, n.º 4 (2 de março de 2020): 1112–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-01-2019-0018.

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PurposeThe objectives of this study were to compare the hygiene standards and food handling practices between sole-proprietor and the corporate-managed restaurants in Lebanon and to determine whether the variations between both groups are explained by and directly related to the type of management.Design/methodology/approachAn in-depth observation assessment of food safety environment and practices was conducted on a convenient sample of 50 food businesses in Beirut, which are typical of foodservice outlets in Lebanon and in many countries of the Middle East. The observation assessment checklist comprised six constructs of 2–7 components for analysis. It covered all areas including documentation and record-keeping requirements, which are crucial parts of a food safety system.FindingsThere was a significant difference in the visual assessment score between sole-proprietor (77.9 ± 18.4) and corporate group (48.5 ± 12.8). Food handlers' behavior and hygiene standards were significantly associated with the type of management. However, there were still critical gaps in the food safety performance of the corporate group suggesting other underlying factors than the type of management.Practical implicationsAdditional elements were drawn from this study for future food safety culture research. Understanding the food safety attitudes and perception of risks of the management representatives, leaders, or food business owners is vital to develop appropriate food safety interventions and foster a positive food safety culture in the foodservice industry.Originality/valueTo the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study not only in Lebanon (or MENA) but also in other regions to measure the association of management type, that is, sole-proprietor management and corporate management, with the food hygiene standards and food safety practices in the foodservice establishments. This paper presents new findings that will be of value for researchers in food safety and will complement the existing literature on food safety culture in the foodservice industry.

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Kulling, Per, Susannah Sigurdsson e Bertil Hamberger. "KAMEDO Report No. 92 Evacuation of Swedes from Lebanon—Observational Studies in Connection with the War in Lebanon in Summer 2006". Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 23, n.º 5 (outubro de 2008): 476–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00006245.

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AbstractA large-scale armed conflict between Hezbollah and Israel in July 2006 caused the evacuation of a large number of Swedish residents from Lebanon. This report describes the evacuation throughout its various stages. Swedish authorities were prepared for an event of this type from the experience of the 2004 Asian tsunami disaster. Lessons learned from the management and medical care during the evacuations are presented in this report.

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Sleilati, Esther Bassil, e Cynthia Jabbour sfeir. "The Impact of Value Co-Creation Behaviour within the Social Media Context". Asian Journal of Business and Accounting 14, n.º 1 (29 de junho de 2021): 33–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/ajba.vol14no1.2.

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Manuscript type: Research paper Research aims: This study investigates the impact of value co-creation behaviour on customer loyalty within the context of social media. It also attempts to determine the role played by customer brand experience and customer satisfaction as mediating variables. Design/Methodology/Approach: Drawing upon the service-dominant logic theory, a research framework is developed and tested using the structural equation modelling. The data comprise the input of 449 respondents from Lebanon. Research findings: The findings provide substantial evidence showing the relationship between customer value co-creation behaviour and customer loyalty. This relationship is partially mediated by customer brand experience. Theoretical contribution/Originality: This study expands on existing literature by investigating how customer value co-creation behaviours can lead to customer loyalty within the social media context of Lebanon. Practitioner/Policy implications: The findings can assist managers in understanding how customer loyalty can be promoted through co-creation behaviours within social media. The results suggest that managers should provide the means which can encourage more behavioural, intellectual and affective customer reviews/feedback. Research limitation/Implications: The limitation of this study rests on its findings which cannot be generalised to a wider business community as it focuses only on the context of Lebanon.

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Baroudy, Farah, Alexander I. Putman, Wassim Habib, Krishna D. Puri, Krishna V. Subbarao e Franco Nigro. "Genetic Diversity of Verticillium dahliae Populations From Olive and Potato in Lebanon". Plant Disease 103, n.º 4 (abril de 2019): 656–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-03-18-0420-re.

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Verticillium dahliae is widely distributed in potato and olive fields in Lebanon, causing serious economic losses. However, little is known about the inoculum source, population structure, and genetic diversity of the pathogen or the mechanisms of dissemination within Lebanon. To understand the population structure, a total of 203 isolates sampled from olive (n = 78) and potato (n = 125) were characterized for species, mating type, and race, and the genetic relationships were delineated using 13 microsatellite markers. All isolates except one from potato were V. dahliae, with 55.1 and 12.1% race 1, and 43.6 and 83.1% race 2 in olive and potato, respectively. The genetic structure of the studied population was best described by two large and two small clusters. Membership in the two large clusters was determined by the presence or absence of the effector gene Ave1. Furthermore, genetic structure was moderately associated with the host of origin but was weakly associated with the geographic origin. All but four isolates represented by three multilocus haploid genotypes were MAT1-2. This study identified a clear lack of gene flow between virulence genotypes of V. dahliae despite the proximity of these cropping systems and the wide distribution of genetic diversity among hosts and geographic regions in Lebanon.

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Azar, Sami T., Akram Echtay, Mireille Amm, Hajar Ballout, Iskandar Cheaib, Hicham El Nazer, Ihab Fardoun et al. "Characteristics and treatment patterns of patients with type 2 diabetes in Lebanon: the DISCOVER study". Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 27, n.º 5 (26 de maio de 2021): 509–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/2021.27.5.509.

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Background: Lebanon is part of the global DISCOVER study, a global, noninterventional, multicentre, prospective study with 3-years of follow-up. Aims: The aim of this study is to describe real-world clinical practice in terms of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) disease management and treatment patterns within Lebanon. Methods: Baseline demographic and clinical parameters were captured on a standardized case report form, according to routine clinical practice at each clinical site. Results: We recruited 348 patients. At the initiation of second-line therapy, mean duration of diabetes was 6.7 [standard deviation (SD) 6.5] years; mean HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose levels were 8.5% (SD 1.6%) and 178.7 (SD 56.5) mg/dL respectively. Almost half the patients were hypertensive (45.1%) or had dyslipidaemia (48.6%). Metformin monotherapy was used as first-line therapy in 56.9% of the patients and upfront dual therapy in 25%. The primary reason for changing first-line therapy was poor glycaemic control. The main factors in choosing the second-line therapy were efficacy, tolerability and hypoglycaemia. Conclusion: Clinical inertia was evident in this cohort of patients as they had suboptimal glycaemic control at the time of enrolment and the initiation of second-line therapy. Treatment intensification is required to reduce diabetes-related adverse outcomes.

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Karam, Elie G., e Lynn A. Itani. "Mental health research in the Arab world: an update". BJPsych. International 12, S1 (maio de 2015): S—25—S—28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s2056474000000829.

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Publications on mental health were collected using PubMed and PsychINFO for 21 Arab countries. The data were then categorised according to the first author's country of affiliation, the year of publication, the topic of research and the type of journal. In 2006–12, the Arab world published 1029 articles (an average of 147 per year). The estimated increase in yearly productivity during this period was about 25% over the 7 preceding years. When considering the research output per million population, Kuwait, Bahrain and Lebanon were the top three producers, as they had been over the preceding four decades. After adjusting for gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, the five top producers were Egypt, Jordan, Tunisia, Lebanon and Morocco. Based on child and adolescent mental health research only, the Arab world's productivity was around one-sixth that of the United States and Europe.

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Alaouie, Malek, e Gera M. Troisi. "Biomonitoring Environmental Exposure in Syrian Refugees in Lebanon". Epidemiologia 5, n.º 2 (19 de junho de 2024): 309–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia5020021.

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Over one million Syrian refugees have been residing in substandard living conditions in Lebanon for the past decade. Non-invasive biomonitoring of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) as a pulmonary inflammation biomarker was conducted following and preceding indoor environmental assessments (which revealed elevated mould counts in informal tented settlements and non-residential shelters) to further evaluate effects of environmental exposure to indoor contaminants. Results of biomonitoring (n = 57) provided some insight regarding existing respiratory conditions and the possible implementation of minimally invasive methods to establish susceptibility profiles in Syrian refugees amid limited access to healthcare. The clinical interpretation of FeNO results suggested possible persistent exposure to allergens in addition to significant type 2 inflammation in some subjects. These findings warrant the need to expand this study, investigate other biomarkers, and attempt to correlate findings with environmental conditions to evaluate if a dose–response relationship exists.

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Al-Harithy, Howayda. "The Ottoman Hammam Al-Ward In Saida, Lebanon". Journal of Islamic Architecture 4, n.º 2 (20 de dezembro de 2016): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/jia.v4i2.3485.

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Hammam Al-Ward is an Ottoman monument in Saida. Siada (or Sidon) is a coastal city in Lebanon and a hidden treasure with numerous Mamluk and Ottoman monuments. These monuments are of various types, from mosques to hammams to palaces and khans. They remain unstudied and at times undocumented. This is an architectural monograph of Hammam Al-Ward placed within the urban history of the city and the social practices of its inhabitants. Through documentation and comparative analysis, the paper argues that the hammam was built during the early eighteenth century but carries within it an old tradition of building that dates back to the Mamluk period and an old socio-spatial practice that dates back to Roman times. The article investigates and presents the urban condition that unfolds through the hammam patronage, style and location, the architectural interpretation of the hammam type of the Mediterranean Arab World and the socio-spatial practices of bathing and leisure that continue till modern times.

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El-Mousawi, Hasan, e Hasan Kanso. "Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak on Financial Reporting in the Light of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) (An Empirical Study)". Research in Economics and Management 5, n.º 2 (24 de abril de 2020): p21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/rem.v5n2p21.

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The outbreak of a novel type of Coronavirus (COVID-19) in the majority of countries around the world has had many negative implications on almost all aspects of life. Currently, about a quarter of the population of Earth is quarantined at their homes, social distancing is effective everywhere, almost all industries have ceased their activities, and various businesses are either closed down or working from home. Procedures taken by governments or local authorities to improve their ability to contain the outbreak have impacted the global economy, which in turn will have many consequences on financial reporting of organizations. This study examines the impact of the novel Coronavirus outbreak on financial reporting of organizations from the viewpoint of Certified Public Accountants in Lebanon. The researchers have used a descriptive-analytical approach and have constructed a well-structured five-point Likert style questionnaire as the study tool. The questionnaire was distributed to a sample chosen from the population of certified public accountants in Lebanon. The random sample consisted of 300 practitioners of the profession, and 221 of them responded; all of which were valid for testing and analysis. The study reached some important findings mainly that the COVID-19 outbreak has had a significant impact on the financial reporting of businesses according to the opinions of Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) in Lebanon, and the researchers had some recommendations as a result.

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Zeineddine, Myra, Samer Kharroubi, Ali Chalak, Hussein Hassan e Mohamad G. Abiad. "Post-consumer food waste generation while dining out: A close-up view". PLOS ONE 16, n.º 6 (18 de junho de 2021): e0251947. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251947.

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Food loss and food waste occur along the food supply chain, negatively impacting the environment, global economy, and food security. There is a growing global interest in tackling this issue to mitigate or handle the waste generated and limit its repercussions, as one in eight people suffer from undernourishment worldwide. In the Arab world, where there is a high dependency on imports and limited potential of increasing local food production, addressing food loss and waste becomes substantial. Research has mainly been focused on household food waste generation, while data on post-consumer plate food waste in the foodservice sector remains scarce. In this study, managers from a representative sample of 222 restaurants located in Municipal Beirut, Lebanon, were surveyed about food waste generation. Plate food waste was measured to establish baseline information. Multiple Tobit regression analyses were performed to explore the determinants for plate food waste generation. Plate waste generation was also compared between Lebanese and non-Lebanese cuisine restaurants. Results revealed that 1,620 tons of plate food waste are generated per year in Beirut, equivalent to 0.15% of Lebanon’s total organic waste. Furthermore, Lebanese cuisine restaurants serving Mediterranean Mezze were found to generate 34 kg of organic waste per day more than restaurants that serve international non-Lebanese cuisine. The type of cuisine, kind of service, and menu planning were significantly associated with post-consumer food waste generation. This study revealed an increasing concern towards the amount of plate waste generated in Beirut, and thereby further research is needed to create baseline information at the national level.

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Ahmadieh, Hala, Ghali H. Majzoub, Faraj M. Abou Radi e Areej H. Abou Baraki. "Inter-professional physician-nurse collaboration in Lebanon". International Journal of Health Governance 25, n.º 1 (29 de fevereiro de 2020): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhg-05-2019-0036.

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PurposeA physician–nurse relationship is a complex, professional and shared-decision-making process, which is an important predictor of high-quality patient care. The purpose of this paper is to explore the attitude of the physician–nurse relationship in Southern Lebanon hospitals.Design/methodology/approachA descriptive institutional cross-sectional study was conducted among different departments of three hospitals in Southern Lebanon using a validated Jefferson Scale of Attitude.FindingsIn sum, 89 physicians and 245 nurses accepted to participate. The nurses’ mean age was 32 and the physicians’ was 44. The mean score was found to be 46 for all participants, with significantly higher scores noted among nurses compared to physicians (48 vs 43, respectively) and higher scores among females compared to males (48 vs 46, respectively). However, the study scored no significant difference in relation to the degrees attained by nurses and the participants’ years of experience. The majority had agreed that the shortage in the nurses’ staff affects proper patient care delivery. One fourth of the physicians disagreed that nurses should be considered as a collaborator and colleague. Therefore, more work is required to improve this collaboration.Research limitations/implicationsThere is a complex relationship normally displayed by physicians and nurses, which cannot be easily interpreted and analyzed. Physicians and nurses may have given socially desirable responses while filling the questionnaire. Even more, this study was conducted in Hospitals in Southern Lebanon, and it would be nice to extend this study to include further hospitals in other regions in Lebanon as well.Practical implicationsNurses had higher scores toward collaboration, with females scoring higher than males. However, overall scores are considered to be lower compared to other countries. Thus, more efforts should be done on improving this communication among nurses and physicians, through promoting inter-professional undergraduate and postgraduate education training toward more effective communication.Social implicationsQuality of patient care would be improved if more work is done on improving the collaboration between physicians and nurses, and this was shown to be required as per study results.Originality/valueThere is a gap in literature assessing this important topic which is the collaboration and attitude of nurses and physicians toward their relationship in Lebanon. It is extremely important that efforts should be taken in order to determine the type of nurse–physician relationship in every local context as this relationship affects quality of patients’ care.

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Shaar, Khuzama Hijal. "Post-traumatic stress disorder in adolescents in Lebanon as wars gained in ferocity: a systematic review". Journal of Public Health Research 2, n.º 2 (5 de setembro de 2013): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jphr.2013.e17.

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For decades, Lebanon was war-torn by civil strife, and occupation and invasion by neighboring countries. In time, these wars have escalated in intensity from sniping, barricading streets and random shelling of residential quarters to the use of rockets, aerial bombing, and heavy artillery. Adverse mental health effects are noted in times of war with post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a main outcome. The aim of this study was to carry out a systematic review of published studies documenting the prevalence of PTSD in the adolescent population of Lebanon, to investigate the increase in these rates with the escalation of war intensity, and to examine PTSD determinants. A search strategy was developed for online databases (PubMed and Google Scholar) between inception to the first week of January 2013. Search terms used were PTSD, adolescents and Lebanon. Eleven studies reporting PTSD in adolescents met the inclusion criteria for a total number of 5965 adolescents. Prevalence rates of PTSD ranged from 8.5% to 14.7% for the civil war, 3.7% for adolescents with sensory disabilities, 21.6% for the Grapes of Wrath War, and 15.4% to 35.0% for the 2006 July War. Some increase in PTSD rates in time is noted. Type of trauma such as bereavement, injury, house destruction, and economic problems, low self efficacy and scholastic impairment were related to PTSD. These findings may help in the development of public health policies for PTSD prevention and treatment for the protection of adolescents from war atrocities and their consequences.

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Yahia, Najat, Maya Khoury, Tania Salloum, Rita Younes, Mounzer Saleh e Esther Myers. "Implementing Evidence-Based Nutrition Practice Guidelines for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Lebanon". Topics in Clinical Nutrition 32, n.º 4 (2017): 316–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/tin.0000000000000120.

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Abboud, Myriam, Cyrille Nacouzi, Zeina Chahine, Angelica Atallah e Mira Hleyhel. "Dietary Knowledge and Eating Habits among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Lebanon". Global Health, Epidemiology and Genomics 2024 (6 de fevereiro de 2024): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/3623555.

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Little is known about the dietary knowledge (DK) and eating habits (EHs) of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Lebanon. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the DK and EH of the population with T2D and determine their associated factors. A cross-sectional survey enrolling 351 patients with T2D was carried out, using the snowball sampling technique. The survey used the UK Diabetes and Diet Questionnaire and the Dietary Knowledge questionnaire to assess participants’ EH including the frequency of consumption of certain foods and their knowledge of food groups and food choices. While a higher DK index indicated better knowledge, a higher EH index indicated less healthy EH. Independent sample T-test and Mann–Whitney test were used for dichotomous variables, and ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used for polytomous variables. Correlation analysis tested the association between two continuous variables. Two multiple linear regression models were used to identify factors associated with DK and EH. Overall, 67% of participants had good or adequate DK, and around 25% and 75% of them had healthy and less healthy EH, respectively. Better knowledge was significantly related to occupation, BMI, presence of comorbidities, and HbA1c testing during the last 3 months. Higher family income, physical activity, family history of diabetes, receiving help in medication administration from family or friends, and higher DK level were factors associated with healthier EH. Nutrition education and awareness campaigns aimed at patients and their families are needed to empower patients with adequate DK and skills to facilitate the adoption of healthy EH.

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