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Bibliografias temáticas / Two levels of mixing

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Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Two levels of mixing"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 5 de outubro de 2024

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Two levels of mixing"

1

Ball, Frank, Denis Mollison e Gianpaolo Scalia-Tomba. "Epidemics with two levels of mixing". Annals of Applied Probability 7, n.º 1 (fevereiro de 1997): 46–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/aoap/1034625252.

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Ball, Frank, e Peter Neal. "Network epidemic models with two levels of mixing". Mathematical Biosciences 212, n.º 1 (março de 2008): 69–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mbs.2008.01.001.

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3

Neal, Peter, e Frank Ball. "Poisson approximations for epidemics with two levels of mixing". Annals of Probability 32, n.º 1B (janeiro de 2004): 1168–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/aop/1079021475.

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4

DEMIRIS, NIKOLAOS, e PHILIP D. O'NEILL. "Bayesian inference for epidemics with two levels of mixing". Scandinavian Journal of Statistics 32, n.º 2 (junho de 2005): 265–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9469.2005.00420.x.

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5

Izquierdo, Segismundo S., Luis R. Izquierdo e Dunia López-Pintado. "Mixing and diffusion in a two-type population". Royal Society Open Science 5, n.º 2 (fevereiro de 2018): 172102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.172102.

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The outbreak of epidemics, the rise of religious radicalization or the motivational influence of fellow students in classrooms are some of the issues that can be described as diffusion processes in heterogeneous groups. Understanding the role that interaction patterns between groups (e.g. homophily or segregation) play in the diffusion of certain traits or behaviours is a major challenge for contemporary societies. Here, we study the impact on diffusion processes of mixing (or, alternatively, segregating) two groups that present different sensitivities or propensities to contagion. We find non-monotonic effects of mixing and inefficient segregation levels, i.e. situations where a change in the mixing level can benefit both groups, e.g. where an increase in the mixing level can reduce the expected contagion levels in both groups. These findings can have fundamental consequences for the design of inclusion policies.

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Knock, E. S., e P. D. O'Neill. "Bayesian model choice for epidemic models with two levels of mixing". Biostatistics 15, n.º 1 (24 de julho de 2013): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biostatistics/kxt023.

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Neogi, MG, JC Biswas, MM Khan e MM Rashid. "Wheat–Lentil Mixed Cropping System Productivity Under Varied Irrigation Levels". Annals of Bangladesh Agriculture 25, n.º 1 (21 de março de 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/aba.v25i1.58150.

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The study on mixed cropping of lentil and wheat was conducted under three levels of irrigation. Wheat at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50% of the normal seed rates were mixed with full seed rate of lentil to find out a suitable mixing rate of wheat for maximum total yield from unit land. The study was conducted in a split plot design with three replications. Lentil yields obtained with single and two irrigations were identical and higher than with no irrigation. The highest wheat yield was obtained with two irrigations. Total yield was the highest with application of two irrigations. Mixing different proportions of wheat with lentil produced 95-171% additional yield over sole cropping of lentil. Mixing of wheat at 25-35% with lentil was found to be judicious for obtaining maximum total yields. The highest protein yield was obtained with 30-35% and 35% mixing rates of wheat at zero and single irrigation levels. Growing wheat with lentil resulted in increased protein yield in wheat than sole cropping. The highest land equivalent ratio (LER) values were obtained when 30-35% of wheat seed rate were mixed with lentil. Application of two irrigations resulted in high LER values. It is concluded that use of 35% of wheat seed rate along with full seed rate of lentil under two levels of irrigations would be the best mixing ratio for obtaining the highest wheat and total grain yield. Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2021) 25 (1) : 1-10

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8

Ball, Frank, e Peter Neal. "A general model for stochastic SIR epidemics with two levels of mixing". Mathematical Biosciences 180, n.º 1-2 (novembro de 2002): 73–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0025-5564(02)00125-6.

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THOMAS, L. P., B. M. MARINO, R. TOVAR e P. F. LINDEN. "Buoyancy-driven flow between two rooms coupled by two openings at different levels". Journal of Fluid Mechanics 594 (14 de dezembro de 2007): 425–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112007009123.

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The stack-driven flow between two interconnected rooms produced by a single heat source is studied. In particular, the features of the transient flow for different positions and areas of two openings in the shared vertical wall are analysed. An analytical model provides the time evolution of the stratified flows in rooms of any size. The concept of an equivalent layer representing a non-uniform density profile, which is useful in other contexts, is included in the theoretical approach and provides physical insight and aids the mathematical solution of the problem. New salt-bath experiments are performed to simulate the thermal forcing between the rooms, to validate the model and to analyse the mixing generated and the effects of a source of volume in the configuration studied.

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Cao, H. Z., J. R. Hardy, R. W. Douglass, P. T. Dawkins e S. R. Dunbar. "Fractal character of two-dimensional fluid mixing at both continuum and atomic levels". Physical Review A 45, n.º 6 (1 de março de 1992): 3841–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.45.3841.

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Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Two levels of mixing"

1

Neal, Peter. "Epidemics with two levels of mixing". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394751.

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Raimondo, Gianluca. "Particle mixing, two level systems and gauge theory". Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/1304.

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2010 - 2011
In this thesis I will discuss the theory of two level systems and the theory of the oscillating particles in quantum eld theory. In the rst chapter I will consider the time evolution of a two level system, a qubit, to show that it has inside a local in time gauge invariant evolution equation. I construct the covariant derivative operator and show that it is related to the free energy. The gauge invariance of the time evolution of the two level system is analogous to the phenomenon of birefringence.I also show that the two level systems present a Berry-like and an Anandan-Aharonov phase. Finally, I discuss entropy environment e ects and the distance in projective Hilbert space between two level states to show that the last one is properly related to the Aharonov - Anandan phase. In the second chapter I review the result obtained in QFT for particle mix- ing, analyzing the theoretical construction and the oscillation formula in the fermion case.I will emphasize the di erences between the quantum mechan- ics formulas and the QFT formulas.The unitary inequivalence between the avor and the mass eigenstates is also shown and the structure of the current for charged elds is nally discussed. I found a non - perturbative vacuum structure for the mixing particles that, among the other things, will lead to a non zero contribution to the value of the cosmological constant (chapter 3). Several links between rst and second chapter will arise from this thesis and will shed the light on the fact that it is possible to construct a generic two level quantum eld theory, that is an extension of the quantum mechanics bit theory in a quantum eld theory framework. [edited by author]
X n.s.

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3

An, Sunghyuck. "Theory of multiwave mixing in two- and three-level media". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184560.

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This dissertation presents theories of multiwave mixing in two- and three-level media. The first part of the dissertation treats the semiclassical theories in two-level media. Chapter 2 gives the simple semiclassical theory of four-wave mixing when the two pump frequences differ by more than the reciprocal of the population-difference lifetime. This difference washes out the pump spatial holes as well as one of the two reflection gratings. We compare the results to the degenerate treatment of Abrams and Lind and find significant differences in the reflection coefficient spectra. Chapter 3 presents the semiclassical theory of multiwave in a squeezed vacuum characterized by unequal in-phase and in-quadrature dipole decay times. For a highly squeezed vacuum, we find sharp resonances in both probe absorption and reflection coefficients, which provide sensitive ways to measure the amount of squeezing in the vacuum. The second part of the dissertation treats the quantum theories in two- and three-level media. Chapter 4 develops the fourth-order quantum theory of multiwave mixing to describe the effects of sidemode saturation in two-level media. We derive explicit formulas for the fourth-order quantum coefficients and show that the fourth-order quantum theory reproduces the third-order semiclassical coefficient obtained by truncating a continued fraction. We apply the results to cavity problems and find significant differences in the sideband spectra given by the second- and fourth-order treatments, particularly as the sidemode approaches the laser threshold. The final chapter presents a quantum theory of multiwave mixing in three-level cascades with a two-photon pump. The explicit formulas for the resonance fluorescence spectrum and the quantum combination-tone source term are derived. The theory is applied to the generation of squeezed states of light. We find almost perfect squeezing for some strong pump intensities and good broad-band squeezing for low pump intensities.

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Bruno, Angelo. "Dissipation, mixing and two level system in quantum field theory". Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/290.

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2010 - 2011
In this dissertation we discuss several aspects of a two level system (qubit) in the context of quantum mechanics and quantum field theory. The presence of geometrical phases in the evolution of a qubit state is shown. We study geometric structures, which are correlated to an unitary time evolution and its interesting gauge structure. They can be very useful in quantum computational processes. We illustrate the quantum field theoretical formulation of boson mixed fields, and oscillation formulas for neutral and charged fields are found. We show that the space for the mixed fields is unitary inequivalent to the state space where the unmixed field are defined, and we also derive the structure of the currents and charges for the charged mixed fields. Phenomenological aspects of meson mixing in the presence of the decay are discussed. In particular, we show that the effective Hamiltonian is non-Hermitian and non-normal in the Wigner-Weisskopf approximation and we use the biorthonormal basis formalism to diagonalize such an Hamiltonian. Finally, the presence of CP and CPT violations in meson mixing is shown. [edited by author]
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5

Patel, Meena. "Numerical study of non-linear spectroscopy and four-wave-mixing in two and multi-level atoms". Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2623.

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Thesis (MTech (Electrical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.
In this research, we undertake a numerical study of the interaction between laser beams and two as well as multi-level atoms. The main aim of this research is to obtain a deeper understanding of laser-atom interactions and non-linear processes such as optical four-wave mixing. This work will supplement experiments to be conducted by other members of the group, who are involved in generating entangled photons via four-wave mixing in cold rubidium atoms. We begin by performing a basic study of the interaction between laser beams and two-level atoms as an aid to gain knowledge of numerical techniques, as well as an understanding of the physics behind light-atom interactions. We make use of a semi-classical approach to describe the system where the atoms are treated quantum mechanically and the laser beams are treated classically. We study the interaction between atoms and laser beams using the density matrix operator and Maxwell's equations respectively. By solving the optical Bloch equations for two-level atoms we examine the atomic populations and coherences and present plots of the density matrix elements as a function of time. The e ects of various parameters such as laser intensity, detuning and laser modulation have been tested. The behaviour of the laser beam as it propagates through the atomic sample is also studied. This is determined by Maxwell's equation where the atomic polarization is estimated from the coherence terms of the density matrix elements.
French South African Institute of Technology National Research Foundation

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Kubasch, Madeleine. "Approximation of stochastic models for epidemics on large multi-level graphs". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2024. https://theses.hal.science/tel-04717689.

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Nous étudions un modèle SIR à deux niveaux de mélange, à savoir un niveau global uniformément mélangeant, et un niveau local divisé en deux couches de contacts au sein des foyers et lieux de travail, respectivement. Nous cherchons à développer des modèles réduits qui approchent bien cette dynamique épidémique, tout en étant plus maniables pour l’analyse numérique et/ou théorique.D'abord, nous analysons l’impact épidémique de la distribution des tailles des lieux de travail. Notre étude par simulations montre que, si la moyenne de la distribution des tailles de lieux de travail est fixée, sa variance est un bon indicateur de son influence sur des caractéristiques clés de l’épidémie. Cela nous permet de proposer des stratégies de télétravail efficaces. Ensuite, nous montrons qu’un modèle SIR déterministe, uniformément mélangeant, calibré sur le taux de croissance épidémique fournit une approximation parcimonieuse de l'épidémie.Néanmoins, la précision de ce modèle réduit décroît au cours du temps et n'a pas de garanties théoriques. Nous étudions donc la limite grande population du modèle stochastique à foyers et lieux de travail, que nous formalisons comme un processus à valeur mesure dont l’espace de types est continu. Nous établissons sa convergence vers l’unique solution déterministe d’une équation à valeur mesure. Dans le cas où les périodes infectieuses sont exponentiellement distribuées, une réduction plus forte vers un système dynamique fini-dimensionnel est obtenue.De plus, une étude de sensibilité nous permet de comprendre l’impact des paramètres du modèle sur la performance de ces deux modèles réduits. Nous montrons que la limite grande population du modèle foyer-travail permet de bien approcher l’épidémie, même si certaines hypothèses sur le réseau de contact sont relâchées. De même, nous quantifions l’impact des paramètres épidémiques sur la capacité du modèle réduit uniformément mélangeant à prédire des caractéristiques clés de l’épidémie.Enfin, nous considérons plus généralement des processus de population densité-dépendants. Nous établissons une formule tous-pour-un qui réduit la lignée typique d’un individu échantillonné à un processus spinal inhomogène en temps. Par ailleurs, nous quantifions par couplage la convergence en grande population d'une construction spinale
We study an SIR model with two levels of mixing, namely a uniformly mixing global level, and a local level with two layers of household and workplace contacts, respectively. More precisely, we aim at proposing reduced models which approximate well the epidemic dynamics at hand, while being more prone to mathematical analysis and/or numerical exploration.We investigate the epidemic impact of the workplace size distribution. Our simulation study shows that if the average workplace size is kept fixed, the variance of the workplace size distribution is a good indicator of its influence on key epidemic outcomes. In addition, this allows to design an efficient teleworking strategy. Next, we demonstrate that a deterministic, uniformly mixing SIR model calibrated using the epidemic growth rate yields a parsimonious approximation of the household-workplace model.However, the accuracy of this reduced model deteriorates over time and lacks theoretical guarantees. Hence, we study the large population limit of the stochastic household-workplace model, which we formalize as a measure-valued process with continuous state space. In a general setting, we establish convergence to the unique deterministic solution of a measure-valued equation. In the case of exponentially distributed infectious periods, a stronger reduction to a finite dimensional dynamical system is obtained.Further, in order to gain a finer insight on the impact of the model parameters on the performance of both reduced models, we perform a sensitivity study. We show that the large population limit of the household-workplace model can approximate well the epidemic even if some assumptions on the contact network are relaxed. Similarly, we quantify the impact of epidemic parameters on the capacity of the uniformly mixing reduced model to predict key epidemic outcomes.Finally, we consider density-dependent population processes in general. We establish a many-to-one formula which reduces the typical lineage of a sampled individual to a time-inhomogeneous spinal process. In addition, we use a coupling argument to quantify the large population convergence of a spinal process

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7

Ward, Duncan Estcourt. "The two-phase plane turbulent mixing layer /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1986. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw257.pdf.

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8

Morlock, Merlin B. "Nonlinear mixing of two collinear Rayleigh waves". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50280.

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Nonlinear mixing of two collinear, initially monochromatic, Rayleigh waves propagating in the same direction in an isotropic, nonlinear elastic solid is investigated: analytically, by finite element method simulations and experimentally. In the analytical part, it is shown that only collinear mixing in the same direction fulfills the phase matching condition based on Jones and Kobett 1963 for the resonant generation of the second harmonics, as well as the sum and difference frequency components caused by the interaction of the two fundamental waves. Next, a coupled system of ordinary differential equations is derived based on the Lagrange equations of the second kind for the varying amplitudes of the higher harmonic and combination frequency components of the fundamentals waves. Numerical results of the evolution of the amplitudes of these frequency components over the propagation distance are provided for different ratios of the fundamental wave frequencies. It is shown that the energy transfer is larger for higher frequencies, and that the oscillation of the energy between the different frequency components depends on the amplitudes and frequencies of the fundamental waves. Furthermore, it is illustrated that the horizontal velocity component forms a shock wave while the vertical velocity component forms a pulse in the case of low attenuation. This behavior is independent of the two fundamental frequencies and amplitudes that are mixed. The analytical model is then extended by implementing diffraction effects in the parabolic approximation. To be able to quantify the acoustic nonlinearity parameter, β, general relations based on the plane wave assumption are derived. With these relations a β is expressed, that is analog to the β for longitudinal waves, in terms of the second harmonics and the sum and the difference frequencies. As a next step, frequency and amplitude ratios of the fundamental frequencies are identified, which provide a maximum amplitude of one of the second harmonics as well as the sum or difference frequency components to enhance experimental results. Subsequently, the results of the analytical model are compared to those of finite element method simulations. Two dimensional simulations for small propagation distances gave similar results for analytical and finite element simulations. Consquently. this shows the validity of the analytical model for this setup. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of the mixing technique and of the models, experiments were conducted using a wedge transducer to excite mixed Rayleigh waves and an air-coupled transducer to detect the fundamentals, second harmonics and the sum frequency. Thus, these experiments yield more physical information compared to the case of using a single fundamental wave. Further experiments were conducted that confirm the modeled dependence on the amplitudes of the generated waves. In conclusion, the results of this research show that it is possible to measure the acoustic nonlinearity parameter β to quantify material damage by mixing Rayleigh waves on up to four ways.

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9

CAPRON, BARBARA ANNE. "TWO-PHOTON MULTIWAVE MIXING (DOPPLER-FREE SPECTROSCOPY)". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183854.

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This dissertation examines aspects of the interaction of multiple coherent light fields for the two-photon two-level model. In this model the interacting energy levels are not connected by an atomic dipole and a two-photon transition between them is necessary. We employ the density matrix formalism allowing easy comparison between the one- and two-photon two-level models. Significant differences are found due to dynamic Stark shifts and conjugate scattering off the pump-induced two-photon coherence. Averages over Doppler broadening are performed and the new upper-level relaxation mechanisms of decay to an intermediate nonresonant level and ionization from the upper state are included. The new relaxation mechanisms, introduced to the theory to better model experiments, are similar except that ionization is intensity dependent. They cause the resulting probe absorption spectra to become more complex and in general asymmetric. Doppler broadening is also important in experiments using gases. We analytically average over a Lorentzian velocity distribution for both co- and counterpropagating pump and probe beams. For copropagating fields the results are similar to those for the one-photon case averaged over inhomogeneous broadening, whereas counterpropagating pump and probe fields yield the so-called Doppler-free configuration that is normally only modelled to third order in the pump amplitude. We consider the pump field amplitude to all orders and find that as long as the width of the Doppler velocity distribution is significantly larger than the two-photon Rabi frequency the results are Doppler-free. The final part of the dissertation treats the question of two-photon squeezed states. This requires quantized sidemodes. Squeezed states are minimum uncertainty states with unequal variances in the two quadratures of the electromagnetic field amplitude. One way to generate these states is via multiwave mixing and we present here the first calculation for nondegenerate two-photon multiwave mixing as it applies to squeezed states. We find that in general two-photon squeezed states require lower intensities and detuning than those predicted by the one-photon model.

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10

Costa-Patry, Etienne. "Mixing of two scalars in turbulent channel flow". Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=83859.

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The interaction of two scalars (both temperature) emitted from concentrated line sources is studied in fully-developed, high-aspect-ratio, turbulent channel flow. The thermal fields are measured using cold-wire thermometry in a flow with a Reynolds number (Uh/nu) of 10200.
The transverse, total RMS temperature profiles are a function of the separation distance between the line sources (d/h), their average wall-normal position (ys_av/h), and the downstream location (x/h) (relative to the line sources). The non-dimensional form of the scalar covariance, the correlation coefficient (rho), is a function of the same parameters and quantifies the mixing of the two scalars.
In all cases, the transverse profiles of the correlation coefficient flatten and tend towards 1 as x/h increases. The minimum value of the correlation coefficient for a given transverse profile (rhomin) drifts towards the wall for line source combinations that are not symmetric about the channel centreline. (For profiles that are symmetric about the centreline, the minimum correlation coefficient always occurs at the centreline.) The initial downstream evolution of rhomin (and rhoys_av/h - the value of the correlation coefficient measured at the average wall-normal source location) depend mostly on d/h. Therefore, to an extent, the measured evolutions are similar to those in homogeneous turbulence. However, the dependence on Ys_av/h is never entirely negligible. At a certain downstream position, the (inhomogeneous) high turbulence intensity (found near the wall) serves to accelerate the scalar mixing.
For line source combinations that are not influenced by the above-mentioned, near-wall, high turbulence intensities, spectral analysis indicates that the degree of mixing across scales is relatively constant for the range of parameters studied herein. In the case of near-wall mixing, the large scales were found to evolve more rapidly. This presumably derives from the large-scale nature of turbulence production, which is strong in the nearwall region.

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Livros sobre o assunto "Two levels of mixing"

1

O, Demuren A., e Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering., eds. Numerical simulation of two-dimensional, spatially developing mixing layers. Hampton, VA: Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering, NASA Langley Research Center, 1994.

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2

O, Demuren A., e Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering., eds. Numerical simulation of two-dimensional, spatially developing mixing layers. Hampton, VA: Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering, NASA Langley Research Center, 1994.

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3

O, Demuren A., e Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering., eds. Numerical simulation of two-dimensional, spatially developing mixing layers. Hampton, VA: Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering, NASA Langley Research Center, 1994.

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4

Education, Great Britain Office for Standards in. Vocational A levels: The first two years. [London]: Ofsted, 2004.

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5

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Numerical study of mixing of two fluids under low gravity. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1992.

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6

Langerak, A. Predictive ability of two-dimensional models for mixing in estuaries. Santa Monica, CA: Rand, 1987.

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7

Treffers-Daller, Jeanine. Mixing two languages: French-Dutch contact in a comparative perspective. Berlin: M. de Gruyter, 1994.

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8

Drakopoulos, S. A. Two levels of hedonistic influence on microeconomic theory. Stirling: University of Stirling, 1988.

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9

Kamieński, Jerzy. Wybrane zagadnienia mechanicznego mieszania układów ciecz-gaz. Kraków: Politechnika Krakowska im. Tadeusza Kościuszki, 1993.

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10

M, Golebiowski, Seiner John M e United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. On the two components of turbulent mixing noise from supersonic jets. Washington, D.C: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1996.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Two levels of mixing"

1

Britton, Tom, e Etienne Pardoux. "Chapter 3 A General Two-Level Mixing Model". In Lecture Notes in Mathematics, 159–213. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30900-8_7.

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Tamura, Makoto, e Oanh Thi Pham. "Mixing Grey and Green Infrastructures for Coastal Adaptation in Vietnam". In Interlocal Adaptations to Climate Change in East and Southeast Asia, 135–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81207-2_13.

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AbstractVietnam has approximately 5600 km of coastline and is among the countries most vulnerable to future sea level rise (SLR). In terms of risk of inundation and affected population, Vietnam is one of the countries most at risk from climate change (MONRE 2016; Tamura et al. 2019). According to tide gauge readings, mean sea level increased 2.45 mm/year between 1960 and 2014; satellite data indicates a 3.50 ± 0.7 mm/year rise between 1993 and 2014 (MONRE 2016). As sea levels continue to rise, those living in and near coastal areas face a serious threat.

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3

Slaton, Shannon. "Different Levels of Theatrical Sound". In Mixing a Musical, 43–56. Second edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351033060-4.

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4

Rumsey, Francis, e Tim McCormick. "Mixing, Metering, and Signal Levels". In Sound and Recording, 219–68. 8^a ed. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003092919-7.

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5

Suhonen, Jouni. "Mixing of Two-Quasiparticle Configurations". In Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, 479–522. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-48861-3_16.

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Bickle, John. "When Two Levels Collide". In The Frontiers Collection, 653–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92192-7_35.

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7

Schulkey, Curt. "Ready for Mixing at a Basic Level". In Getting to Work with the Avid S6, 105–10. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003111801-12.

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8

Suhonen, Jouni. "Two-Quasiparticle Mixing by the QRPA". In Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, 557–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-48861-3_18.

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9

Marchot, P., M. Crine, J. C. Cal e M. Ausloos. "Two Phase Flow through Packed Bed Static and Dynamic Accessibilities of the Packing". In Disorder and Mixing, 253–61. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2825-1_20.

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Jayakar, S. D., e L. A. Zonta. "Coevolution at Two Trophic Levels". In Population Biology, 349–66. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74474-7_12.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Two levels of mixing"

1

de Almeida, A. A. C., L. S. Marinho, W. Martins, G. C. Borges e D. Felinto. "Stabilized Fabry-Perot Filters for Enhancing Nonclassical Correlations of Light Scattered by an Ensemble of Cold Two-Level Atoms". In CLEO: Applications and Technology, JW2A.119. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2024.jw2a.119.

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We present a design of an actively stabilized Fabry-Perot cavity to filter the biphotons generated via spontaneous four-wave mixing in cold two-level atoms. Preliminary results show that quantum correlations are enhanced within the filtered signal.

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2

Ovadia, Shlomo, Murray Sargent e Mao Hong Lu. "Theory of two-photon multiwave mixing". In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1985.we2.

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Two-photon transitions have provided the basis for numerous useful nonlinear interactions with radiation. In this paper we calculate the absorption and coupling coefficients for one-, two-, and three-wave mixing in two-photon homogeneously broadened media. The resulting field equations form the basis for understanding saturation spectroscopy, phase conjugation,1 and single-mode instabilities2 in lasers and optical bistability in two-photon media. We assume that the wave frequencies are not resonant with any intermediate state j and that the probe and conjugate waves cannot saturate the two-photon transition. This allows us to use the two-photon two-level model and to transfer much of our knowledge of the one-photon two-level systems to the two-photon case. Two major differences occur between the two models. First, dynamic Stark shifts of the active levels play an important role in generating asymmetric spectra and nonzero dispersion (≃ω s T1) at line center. Second, high pump intensities do not bleach the absorption coefficient at the Rabi sidebands.

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3

Holm, David A., e Murray Sargent. "Quantum theory of multiwave mixing in two-photon two-level media". In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1986.tuj7.

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Multiphoton transitions are of great interest in laser spectroscopy because they permit the study of new physical phenomena and because of their potential applications. Malcuit et al.1 studied two-photon transitions in atomic sodium and showed that for appropriate phase-matching four-wave mixing can overcome the usual spontaneous decay processes. We have recently developed a quantum theory2 to treat such multiwave mixing processes in two-photon media. Because of the greater complexity of two-photon transitions, many effects arise that are absent in the one-photon case, some of which have important consequences in the generation of squeezed states. For the two-photon two-level model, the field modes have frequencies approximately one-half the frequency difference between the levels. We find that our coefficients differ from the corresponding one-photon theory in that dynamic Stark shifts have a major effect and that the pump-induced coherence between the two levels has a new term in the conjugate coupling terms, which leads to improved squeezing.

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4

Kim, Jin J., e Nackchin Sung. "Collisional mixing of the two upper levels of copper-vapor lasers". In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1987.md10.

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We report the first direct evidence that there is collisional mixing between the 2P3/2 and 2P1/2 levels of the copper-vapor laser (CVL), which is excited by a resonant tunable UV laser. When the 2P1/2 level is pumped which generates a yellow laser line (578.2 nm) by a transition to the 2D3/2 level, the 2P3/2 level is also populated, producing a strong green laser line (510.6 nm). On the other hand, when the 2P3/2 level is excited which produces a green laser line by a transition to the 2D5/2 level, the 2P1/2—2D3/2 transition is only weakly stimulated. The collisional mixing takes place in a wide range of He buffer gas pressure: 20-600 Torr. Below 20 Torr, only the primarily pumped level is strongly stimulated. The asymmetric mixing has significant implications for high-pressure transverse discharge CVLs.1 Also, we observed that each transition is stimulated even when the pump laser is detuned as far as 1 nm from the resonance wavelength, indicating that they are collision-induced stimulated emission.

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Khitrova, Galina, Paul Berman e Murray Sargent. "New line shape profiles in two-wave mixing". In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1987.wr7.

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We calculate the two-level pump-probe absorption coefficient including both upper-to-lower-level decay and level decays to a still lower lying reservoir level. We carried out calculations of probe absorption profile for arbitrary ratios of natural width and detuning to the Doppler width associated with a given transition. This theory accounts for contributions from all velocity subclasses of atoms, not only those which are Doppler shifted into resonance with the laser field (Doppler limit).1 We observe and explain new line shape features based on dissimilar decays.

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Reichardt, Thomas A., e Robert P. Lucht. "Theoretical Investigation of Phase Matching Schemes for Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing Spectroscopy". In Laser Applications to Chemical and Environmental Analysis. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/lacea.1998.lwa.7.

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Degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) spectroscopy is a potentially powerful technique for quantitative measurement of minor species in gas-phase media [1-3]. In this paper we compare the DFWM signal levels and lineshapes obtained using two different phase-matching geometries: the phase-conjugate geometry and the forward phase-matched geometry. DFWM signal levels are calculated by solving the time-dependent density matrix equations using direct numerical integration (DNI) [4, 5] for a two-level system interacting with three laser beams. This numerical analysis includes the effects of molecular motion, intermolecular collisions, and high laser intensities, all of which have been shown to affect the DFWM signal level.

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Zhao, Yang, Qingfeng Tang e Zhaolin Li. "Nonlinear optical characteristics of two- wave mixing in InP:Fe photorefractive crystals". In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1991.wh5.

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InP:Fe photorefractive crystals are attractive materials for optical information processing due to their fast response time and relatively high nonlinearity. In this work, we investigate two- wave mixing in these crystals as a function of light intensity, beam intensity ratio, and external electric field intensity. The crystal used in our experiments was 2.2 × 2.5 × 3 mm with incident direction <110> normal to the 2.5 × 3-mm face. The laser wavelength is 1.06 μm. In addition to the energy transfer between the beams, we observed the beam path deflection effect in the crystal in our experiments. The amount of the path deflection depends on the input intensity levels. A change in the angle between the interaction beams by 2.4° was observed without external electric field on the crystal. In addition, we observed the energy transfer from the pump to signal with pump-to-signal intensity ratios ≫1.

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Zhao, Yang, e Zhaolin Li. "Photonic switching using four-wave mixing with two pumps". In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.wb6.

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The switching scheme using four-wave mixing with two independent pumps has three inputs and four outputs. One of the inputs is chosen as the control beam. The intensity relationships among these inputs and outputs are studied by using the coupled-mode theory and boundary conditions. It is found that the output signal level is zero when the switch is off and is equal to the exact input signal level when the switch is on. The result indicates that these switching devices are ideal for cascaded use, which requires equal input and output level of the switch because the outputs of one stage will be the inputs of next stage. This property is different from those schemes using four-wave mixing with one independent pump,1 which has the output signal level different from the input signal level when the switch is on. The performance of the switching device is strongly dependent on the nonlinear factor of the interactions. The required control signal level for switching operation is lower when the nonlinear factor is large.

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9

Reichardt, Thomas A., William C. Giancola e Robert P. Lucht. "Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing Spectroscopy: Multistate Resonances and Multimode Laser Effects". In Laser Applications to Chemical and Environmental Analysis. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/lacea.1998.lmc.24.

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Degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) spectroscopy is a promising diagnostic technique [1-3], but significant questions remain regarding its application for quantitative concentration measurements in combustion environments with typical laser systems. In this paper we present a summary of two numerical investigations with the goal of quantifying the measurement technique for common experimental situations. Specifically, we investigate both (1) probing a degenerate-level (multistate) resonance with a single-mode laser and (2) probing a two-state resonance with a multimode laser. DFWM signal levels are calculated by solving the time-dependent density matrix equations using direct numerical integration (DNI) [4, 5] for a two or more level system interacting with three laser beams.

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10

Schreiber, W. M., e N. Chencinski. "Four-wave mixing line shapes in sodium". In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1991.wq4.

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A recently presented treatment of four-wave mixing for fields of arbitrary strength1 is applied to the 3S–3P transitions of sodium. The line shapes associated with ordinary resonances, and with both pressure-induced and field-induced extra resonances are investigated. In sodium, the two lower levels (g,t) are very close, i.e., their separation is 0.059 cm-1. Thus decays from the upper (k,j) levels to each of the lower levels are expected to contribute significantly. Also, contributions associated with (g,t) population exchange because of the close proximity of these states are incorporated. The influence of the decay pattern and of the respective values of the decay constants is studied, especially as compared to the line shapes that would result if all decays were dominantly to the ground state. Regions of enhancement for the more complex decay pattern are found for field-induced extra resonances. The relative effects of spontaneous decay (T1) and proper dephasing (T2) on the line shapes is examined. It is found that (T2) dominates for weak field conditions but that both contribute significantly for strong field situations.

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Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Two levels of mixing"

1

Weiss. L52296 Smart Gas Using Chemicals To Improve Gas Deliverability Phase II. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), março de 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010658.

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The objective of this effort was to demonstrate in the field the new wettability altering technology developed in the laboratory during Phase 1. Reservoir cores from three gas storage facilities including sandstone and dolomite reservoirs were used to evaluate the two surfactants. The imbibition and core flood tests showed that gas deliverability was improved in surfactant-treated sandstone cores. It was concluded that the aquifer storage facilities are candidates for field testing. Results from Phase I provided the foundation for this Phase II project. The Waverly Storage Facility operated by Southern Union/Panhandle Energy was selected as the site for a field test of the surfactant process. Waverly is an 1800-ft sandstone aquifer gas storage reservoir located near Springfield, lllinois. Expansion and contraction of a spherical gas bubble provided pressure support as gas was injected and withdrawn from 37 individual wells. Three wells were selected for treatment with 1000 bbl of ~4% surfactant solution. An additional three nearby wells were selected as control wells. A field mixing procedure similar to that used in the laboratory to avoid phase separation of the microemulsion was developed and successfully used during the third week of October 2007 when the wells were treated. Rates and pressures were measured at the wellhead; fluid levels were not recorded. Since the initial rate-pressure data collected during the project year including the well treatments were sparse, it was decided to extend the project to the end of 2008 to acquire more field data.

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Olsen e Fletcher. L52071 Literature Review Fuel-Air Mixing in Large Bore Natural Gas Engines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), março de 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010949.

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Mixing is viewed as being problematic in many internal combustion engines, particularly large bore natural gas engines. In reviewing the literature an attempt is made to distinguish between the influences of mixing and turbulence, although for much of the published research the distinction is not made. Mixing is determined to have a major impact on engine efficiency, overall emissions, flame propagation, and cycle-to-cycle variations. The improvement of engine efficiency and overall emissions is concluded to be primarily due to the extension of the lean limit, a direct consequence of improved mixing. Test results from a study on propane combustion in a constant volume combustion chamber indicate that there is an optimum level of mixing for maximizing the flame propagation speed. In other words, the fastest flame speed occurs when there is some level of mixture heterogeneity, as opposed to a completely uniform mixture. A detailed literature review is carried out on air-fuel mixing in internal combustion engines, emphasizing application to direct injection large bore natural gas engines. The literature is separated into three broad categories, (1) the effects of mixing on engine performance, emissions, and combustion characteristics, (2) factors affecting mixing, and (3) mixing characterization.

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Bradley, Richard C., e Magda Peligrad. Invariance Principles Under a Two-Part Mixing Assumption. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, outubro de 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada162800.

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Banji, Titilope, e Daniel Olsen. PR-179-22207-R01 Improved In-Cylinder Mixing Injection Pressure Sensitivity. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), abril de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0000063.

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Large-bore, natural gas-fueled engines are used for gas compression at over 1700 compression stations across the US, and methane emissions have presented a challenge to their optimization over the years. A significant root of this problem has been linked to the level of air-fuel mixing in the main combustion chamber of these engines as poor mixing results in low combustion efficiency. High-pressure fuel injection is believed to be a significant way to improve air-fuel mixing in natural gas engine combustion chambers. The purpose of this present study is to determine the sensitivity of in-cylinder mixing to injection pressures, using CFD simulations, determine the limits of high-pressure fuel injection, and explore the possibility of improving low-pressure fuel injection. The engine modeled using CONVERGE Studio for CFD was the large 4-cylinder GMV 4TF engine. The model was simulated for four major sets of configured cases - baseline establishment, ideal mixing case development, injection pressure variation, and low-pressure, high-momentum cases. The results of this work show that improved mixing potentially reduces the amount of methane emissions by half and high-pressure fuel injection also improves the in-cylinder mixing in the main combustion chambers of large bore engines. The optimal timing for the injection at different injection pressures was determined and the limitations in each case were identified. It was concluded that fuel injection at 700 psi at -110 degrees BTDC gave the best mixing case. The level of mixing in low-pressure fuel injection systems was also found to be improved by up to 39% by having high-momentum fuel injection using increased flow areas at injection.

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Fowler. L51754 Field Application of Electronic Gas Admission with Cylinder Pressure Feedback for LB Engines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), junho de 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010363.

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�The purpose of this project was to evaluate the performance of electronic fuel gas admission valves and effects of continuous automatic cylinder balancing of large bore natural gas engines under actual field conditions. These goals have already been met under laboratory conditions at the Colorado State University Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory in Fort Collins. The specific project objectives were to:1. Extend the feasibility of electronic fuel gas admission valves where gas valve timing and duration are varied to optimize fuel control and charge mixing from the laboratory environment to actual field applications. 2. Extend the feasibility of closed loop control using in-cylinder pressure sensors to achieve continuous, automatic power cylinder balancing from the laboratory environment to actual field applications. 3. Repeat the benefits of automatic continuous cylinder balancing shown in the laboratory testing under actual field conditions (i.e. fuel savings, improved cylinder misfire rates, improved emissions levels). In order to accomplish these objectives, the Woodward Governor Company AutoBalance TM 5000 control system was installed and tested at four host sites. Although the specific test plan differed slightly for the four host sites, the focus of the test program was consistent. The primary objective was to evaluate the effects of engine balance and the performance of the control system by testing a matrix of varying engine loads and speeds. Load and speed are the two primary control parameters affecting engine balance. Other tests were conducted to determine the effects of the electronic gas admission valve (EGAV) configuration (i.e. start of admission, end of admission, and duration).

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6

Steinkamp, M. J. Spectral analysis of the turbulent mixing of two fluids. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), fevereiro de 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/212563.

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Steinkamp, Michael James. Spectral analysis of the turbulent mixing of two fluids. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), janeiro de 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/105890.

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Ashimov. Thermodynamic apparatus with integrated dynamic mixing system. Part two. Intellectual Archive, novembro de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/iaj.2983.

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Термодинамический аппарат с интегрированной динамической системой смешивания и гомогенизации компонентов топлива, в режиме реального времени. Любой вид жидкого углеводородного топлива и особенно топливные композиции на базе жидкого углеводородного топлива, в процессе хранения теряет свою однородность, следствием чего является образование сгустков, преимущественно на донной части ёмкостей, в которых хранится топливо, или топливная смесь. Устранить указанную неоднородность наиболее удобно и эффективно, можно применив процесс гомогенизации, при помощи инновационного устройства динамической гомогенизации, осуществляющего процесс гомогенизации непосредственно в трубопроводе, по которому движется топливо или топливная смесь. Процесс гомогенизации происходит при стабильной температуре или, при определённых соотношениях - при понижении температуры горючей жидкости или топливной смеси. Весь процесс динамической гомогенизации происходит за счёт создания особых турбулентных гидродинамических условий в потоке жидкого топлива, или топливной смеси, без разрушения химического, и физического равновесия между всеми его компонентами.

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9

Housley, R., D. Crocker e E. Burger. Reducing the Standards Track to Two Maturity Levels. RFC Editor, outubro de 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc6410.

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Baltzer, Jon, e Daniel Livescu. Numerical Simulation of Mixing Layers Involving Two Fluids of Different Densities. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), agosto de 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1148945.

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