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Damanhuri e Bahrul Ulum. "ISLAMISASI ILMU PENGETAHUAN: KENISCAYAAN EPISTEMOLOGI UNTUK KUALITAS PENDIDIKAN LEBIH BAIK". Ta'dibi : Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam 11, n.º 2 (9 de março de 2023): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.61088/tadibi.v11i2.550.
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Some Muslim scholars consider that the Islamization of science is something that is utopian in nature. The reason is that science is neutral, so there is no term Islamic or non-Islamic science. In this study it was found that this opinion is too premature and shows a lack of criticality towards what is happening in contemporary science. In fact, some sciences such as humanities and natural sciences contain values that are not in accordance with Islamic teachings.
Most of these sciences are conceptually secular based. That is, there has been a separation between science and religion. Western domination that influenced the development of modern epistemology has made science far from spiritual values. The secular hegemony of Western civilization openly states that science has nothing to do with religion or God. As a result, knowledge no longer makes its possessor know God, but further distances it from God.
During the heyday of Islam, classical Muslim scholars and intellectuals had 'Islamized' knowledge that came from Greek and other civilizations. The Muslims do not feel there is an epistemological problem in studying any science. So that scholars were born who mastered ulumuddin science as well as science. However, after many Islamic countries were colonized by the West, this epistemology was also eroded by secular epistemology. Islam has lost its identity as a force with an epistemological orientation that was actually well established in the classical era. Therefore, the Islamization of science today is important to do to restore the identity of Islamic science as it was in the classical period. This paper tries to analyze fairly why there is a need for the Islamization of knowledge. Islamization does not mean removing or rejecting all knowledge from the secular West. But there is a measurable selection process by adopting and adapting knowledge from the West.
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Ponirakis, Eleni. "Hellenic Language and Thought in Pre-Conquest England". Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies, n.º 32/4 (outubro de 2023): 61–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7311/0860-5734.32.4.04.
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Bede, reflecting on the success of the Canterbury school set up by Theodore of Tarsus remarked: “some of their students still alive today are as proficient in Latin and Greek as in their native tongue” [trans. Colgrave and Mynors 1969, 335]. By the time we get to the court of Alfred two hundred years later, there had been a famous decline in learning from which Greek, as a language, had not yet recovered. However, there remained a strong interest in Greek as a sacred language in liturgies, prayers and magical charms, and later in hermeneutic poetry. Theodore’s influence was not limited to Greek Language, he also brought knowledge of Maximus the Confessor and Pseudo-Dionysius. The influence of Greek mystical theology would find fuller expression in the translations associated with the court of King Alfred via contact with the Carolingian court, but the seeds for this reception in England may already have been sown. This paper will outline the evidence for the use of Greek language in a variety of contexts, including a charm for the staunching of blood, and it will examine the extent of the influence of Greek patristic thinking in Old English texts including both clerical prose and secular poetry.
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Rohmatullah, Niam. "THE CONCEPT OF SCIENCES IN ISLAM". CONS-IEDU 1, n.º 01 (30 de junho de 2021): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.51192/cons.v1i01.98.
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This research discusses about the concept of science in Islamic perspective. The research was motivated by the fact that the concepts and the definitions of science in Islam is still influenced by the concepts of Greek philosophy. It caused that science is derived from the Greek, not Islam. And it is dangerous for Muslim students. Using comparative analysis. The results of this study concluded that the science in the Islamic view is synchronization between ideals and reality. The experts have different opinions in defining science. However, all the definitions and the terms are materialistic, and very secular. Then, we take the notion expressed by the muslim scholars. The purpose of science is actually should be proportional to the objectives of Islamic education. Thus, the orientation of the knowledge-seeker will be hereafter, not merely pursue to the world.
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Stanevich, S. V., e I. G. Nazarova. "Commenting and compiling medical literature in the Byzantine period of Late Antiquity and Early Middle Ages". Memoirs of NovSU, n.º 4 (2023): 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.34680/2411-7951.2023.4(49).347-351.
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The transmission of medical knowledge played an important role in the history of medicine. Historically, the first medical texts were created in ancient Greek and Latin. The article examines the ways in which medical knowledge recorded in primary sources, mainly the works of Hippocrates and Galen, was further spread in subsequent epochs and beyond the geographical boundaries of its origin, namely, commenting and compiling. These methods were used everywhere in Europe, Asia, and the Middle East, but the authors limit their consideration mainly to Byzantium. A brief overview of the development of medicine in Byzantium is given, and the history of the comprehension and transmission of medical knowledge through commenting and compiling is considered. The authors concern the role and significance of some outstanding Greek commentators and compilers of medical literature, whose names have been preserved in the history of medicine. The role of Byzantium as an important link in the global progress of medicine is substantiated.
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Vlassopoulos, Kostas. "Greek history". Greece and Rome 70, n.º 1 (7 de março de 2023): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383522000286.
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I commence this review with a number of important works in Greek social history. As I commented in my last review for this journal, the study of labour is among the biggest holes in current research in Greek history. An important contribution towards filling this gap is the Cultural History of Work in Antiquity, edited by Ephraim Lytle. The volume gives an excellent overview of how work is represented and discussed in both literary and archaeological sources; at the same time, it situates work and workers within four important contexts: the structures of ancient economies and the level of trade and specialization determined demand in urban and rural labour; the changing form of workplaces determined the division of labour among workers; different forms of work developed highly divergent workplace cultures; finally, practices and organizations for the transmission of skills and knowledge were of critical importance. Work and workers are then placed within wider contexts: chapters explore the role of mobility in ancient labour markets, and how political communities and attitudes about different forms of work affected workers. Finally, work is profitably juxtaposed to leisure practices and ideas. Perhaps the strongest point of most chapters is their attention to regional diversity and historical change: the volume sets the groundwork for ultimately producing a dynamic narrative of the history of work in antiquity.
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Barka, Panajot. "Voskopoja and Ioannina, two advanced centers of the European Enlightenment in the Ottoman West". Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 13, n.º 3 (18 de março de 2022): 68–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ccs.v13.i3.7899.
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This paper considers the impact of Enlightenment ideals before and during the Movement of the New Greek National Ideology during the 17th to 19th centuries. It is about Ioannina and Voskopoja, located today respectively in northwestern Greece and in southeastern Albania. In both centers, education was central to the spread of Western Enlightenment values, and attempts to communicate across the languages of the region were the main key. Voskopoja is a typical case of the flourishing of Enlightenment values in the service of economic and cultural development. With its defining basis of Hellenic culture, and its emphasis on secular knowledge, the purpose of education was ‘enlightening’ the hearts and minds of the Balkan peoples, seen as the only way to overthrow the Ottoman Empire. The ideological platform promoted in Ioannina, and on behalf of Greek nationalism, served as the basis for the platform of the Albanian national ideology.
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MATSYUK, Halyna. "Names of new saints of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic church and commemorative discourse". Culture of the Word, n.º 96 (2022): 52–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.37919/0201-419x.2022.96.4.
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The article discusses the names of new saints of the UGCC (hagioanthroponyms) as markers of the collective memory of modern society regarding the events of the past, namely the rejection of Russian (in the 19th century) and Soviet (in the 20th century) ideologies in the religious life of Ukrainian Greek Catholics. From the theoretical perspective, the analysis is premised on the ideas and provisions of onomastics regarding the semiotic nature of proper names and their functions of accumulation and translation of the religious sphere, of sociolinguistics regarding the interaction of language and the Church, as well as lexicology regarding the systematisation of units into thematic groups. The papers on religious studies, the history of the Church, the history of totalitarianism in the USSR and the historical memory of socio-cultural knowledge provided the context for the transformation of one of the spheres of collective memory into the linguistic categories of «hagioanthroponyms», «nominative productivity» and «thematic group». The sources of the analysis included the texts of religious and secular discourse, thematically related to the life and activities of the martyrs for the Faith, and the works of the event participants. The units of analysis, namely hagioanthroponyms, have denotations of the divine-spiritual sphere as the object of nomination. The research of the problem was provided by applied correlative and biographical methods, the method of sociolinguistic interpretation, and elements of discourse analysis. They helped to follow the process of creating nominations derived from hagioanthroponyms in modern religious and secular discourse and to determine that they contain formal and substantive components of knowledge about the past. Derivative units create thematic groups «names of prayers», «names of Akathist’s», «names of icons and other sacred images», «names of sacred places of prayer», «names of educational institutions», «names of films» and related to information about the forced conversion to Orthodoxy of Ukrainian Greek Catholics in the Russian Empire and the USSR. The analysis results are relevant for onomastics, sociolinguistics, lexicology and stylistics.
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Jansari, Sushma. "From Geography to Paradoxography: the use, transmission and survival of Megasthenes’ Indica". Journal of Ancient History 8, n.º 1 (26 de maio de 2020): 26–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jah-2019-0013.
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AbstractMegasthenes was the first Greek ambassador known to have been sent to the court of a Mauryan ruler. He wrote an Indica based on his travels and experiences in India, which survives in fragmentary form in the work of later authors. This was the first work to provide a Greek audience with first-hand knowledge of the Indian interior and Mauryan court. Traditionally, Megasthenes’ Indica has been excavated for information to reconstruct knowledge of Mauryan India, Seleucid-Mauryan relations or other aspects of this period and the personalities involved, either by focusing on individual fragments or collating fragments thematically. In contrast, instead of treating Megasthenes’ work as a mine for information, I evaluate the remaining fragments chronologically, and according to the type and range of information derived from Megasthenes. The aim is to better understand the thematic differences and chronological changes in the way later authors consulted and used the Indica, and therefore, why certain parts of the Indica, and information about Megasthenes himself, have survived.
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Kurmanbayev, K., e D. Sikhimbayeva. "THE CONCEPT OF KNOWLEDGE IN ISLAM AND ITS ROLE IN MUSLIM CIVILIZATION". Adam alemi 89, n.º 3 (26 de setembro de 2021): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.48010/2021.3/1999-5849.12.
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The article examines the original meaning, the transformation of the concept of education in Islam and its role in the development of science and education in the Muslim civilization. Any concept or term undergoes semantic changes depending on ideological, cultural, social and other conditions in different historical periods. This applies both to the concept of education in Islam and its place in civilization. The concept of knowledge in the tribal Arab culture with limited literacy acquires a new meaning with the advent of Islam, makes a huge contribution to the theoretical definition of the systemic concept of religious and secular education and the development of scientific knowledge. Based on fundamental works on the history of education and science, the role of the concept of education in the development of the Islamic religion and Muslim civilization is evaluated. The main historical factors of accumulation, systematization and development of knowledge in the Muslim civilization are also analyzed. In particular, the ancient Greek, Indian and Persian cultures were included in the Muslim civilization, which contributed to its intellectual enrichment. The prerequisites for the increasing development of education and science in the era of the "golden age" in Islam are analyzed, the place of ancient Greek science in the Muslim civilization, which is the core of modern scientific knowledge, is assessed.
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Doolotkeldieva, Asel. "Madrasa-based Religious Learning: Between Secular State and Competing Fellowships in Kyrgyzstan". Central Asian Affairs 7, n.º 3 (22 de setembro de 2020): 211–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/22142290-bja10010.
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Abstract Kyrgyzstan has experienced a rapid and diverse expansion of religious educational offerings in the past two decades and presents a fascinating regional case study of the development of Islamic education. Based on a rich ethnographic study, this article explores recently developed processes by which madrasa-based knowledge is established and transmitted. In revealing these processes, the article draws attention to political struggles for control over the transmission of religious knowledge between state and non-state actors on the one hand, and religious actors on the other. It further delves into the material and spiritual world of madrasas as perceived by students motivated to gain education and their families. In the final section, it uncovers how different madrasas use religious education, under the varied concept of ‘service to community’, to establish and maintain networks of graduates, which are necessary to the further rooting of Islamic fellowships into society, politics and the economy.
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Kichera, Viktor. "History of the Mukachevo Greek Catholic Eparchy in Periodicals of 1918–1945". Acta historica Neosoliensia 26, n.º 1 (4 de outubro de 2023): 31–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24040/ahn.2023.26.01.31-57.
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In the proposed article, an attempt is made to critically study the history of the Mukachevo Greek Catholic Eparchy (MGCE) on the basis of the press. First of all, attention is focused on the regional press. In general, both church and secular publications were used. The period was not chosen by chance, because it is the period of the interwar and wartime periods of the Czechoslovak Republic. The main task of the research is to study not only the subject matter of the publications, but also the views that were covered in each periodical. The fact is that depending on the edition and the publisher, the content of the publications was appropriate. If religious topics and protection of the Church prevailed in church periodicals, then in government or independent periodicals, in addition to general news, there were also critical articles about the Church. Particular attention is paid to historical topics in these periodicals on the history of the Mukachevo Eparchy. In general, information in journals and the press can significantly supplement historical knowledge not only of the history of the Church, but also of the history of state-church relations and the history of Czechoslovakia of the studied period.
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van Leeuwen, Joyce. "Thinking and Learning from Diagrams in the Aristotelian Mechanics". Nuncius 29, n.º 1 (2014): 53–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18253911-02901003.
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This paper examines the diagrams in the Greek manuscripts of the Aristotelian Mechanics. I argue that the diagrams are significant for a reconstruction of the authentic text as many readings can be recovered by means of the diagrams. Furthermore, critical assessment of the diagrams contributes to our understanding of the mechanical principles described in the text. A comparison between the diagrams in the Greek manuscripts and the ones contained in the Latin translation of the Mechanics by Niccolò Leonico Tomeo shows altered diagrammatic practices in the Renaissance. A study of the diagrams from the Renaissance further plays an important role in understanding the processes of transmission and transformation of mechanical knowledge.
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Mickiewicz, Franciszek. "Theologization of Greek Terms and Concepts in the Septuagint and New Testament". Verbum Vitae 39, n.º 3 (30 de setembro de 2021): 751–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/vv.11109.
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Hellenistic literature, having great achievements in the fields of philosophy, drama, and poetry, did not know the theological concepts and issues which underlie the texts contained in the Hebrew Bible. So when the creators of the Septuagint, and then also the authors of the New Testament, used the Greek language to convey God’s inspired truths to the world, they were forced to give secular terms a new theological meaning, frequently choosing neutral words for this purpose, not burdened with negative associations. With their translation work, they built a kind of bridge between Hellenic and Jewish cultures. On the one hand, the Septuagint allowed Jews reading the Bible in Greek to remain connected not only with the religious heritage of their fathers, but also with the cultural values that were closely related to that language and its world. In turn, for the Greeks, who after some time began to appreciate this work and gained knowledge of its content, it opened vast horizons of new religious and spiritual values, which until then were completely alien to them. The work of the authors of the Septuagint was continued and developed by the authors of the New Testament, which added to their theological output many new religious and moral values arising from the teaching of Jesus Christ. That way they contributed considerably to the development of the Koinē Greek and significantly transformed the spiritual life of the people speaking the language.
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Drigas, Athanasios, e Lizeta Bakola. "The 8x8 Layer Model Consciousness-Intelligence-Knowledge Pyramid, and the Platonic Perspectives". International Journal of Recent Contributions from Engineering, Science & IT (iJES) 9, n.º 2 (30 de junho de 2021): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijes.v9i2.22497.
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<p>The concept of knowledge is an issue that concerns a swarm of scientists. In now days a battery of researches are trying to detect appropriate strategies to improve cognitive and metacognitive skills. Since ancient times many questions have been raised about what knowledge is (what we mean when we say that someone knows something or what we attribute to a person who we say knows something) and how we can gain knowledge. Moreover how knowledge and information in general is influenced by its transmission is also an important and widely debated problem, which takes different forms depending on the ways (philosophy) or media (technologies) and the era of transmission. In this article we will try to review the pyramid of knowledge in the process of the years getting started from the era of antiquity by affiliating its data with the musings of the Greek philosophers to prove that all the philosophical prepossessions and theories of the past are timelessness and undisputed. <strong></strong></p>
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Hoyland, Robert G. "Agapius of Manbiǧ, Qusṭā ibn Lūqā and the Graeco-Roman Past". Quaderni di Studi Arabi 16, n.º 1-2 (3 de novembro de 2021): 7–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2667016x-16010004.
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Abstract This article looks at the routes by which knowledge of the Greco-Roman past was transmitted from late antiquity by Christian communities living under Muslim rule. The process involved translation from Greek to Syriac and from Greek and Syriac to Arabic. Once in Arabic, the lingua franca of the Abbasid Middle East, this historical material could be used by Muslim scholars to work into their histories of the pre-Islamic Middle East. This article also shows that historical texts could easily cross interconfessional lines and that their transmission, although handled very differently to scientific texts, was still part of the broader transfer of late antique culture to the Islamic Empire that is commonly referred to as the Graeco-Arabic translation movement.
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Gilula, Dwora. "The First Greek Drama on the Hebrew Stage: Tyrone Guthrie's Oedipus Rex at the Habima". Theatre Research International 13, n.º 2 (1988): 131–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883300014437.
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On the Hebrew Stage, Greek and Roman drama was never a first priority, The Habima Theatre, from its inception in 1917 to the present day, staged only six classical productions (out of more than four hundred), the Cameri Theatre – four, the Haifa Municipal Theatre – five, the Ohel theatre, in all of its forty-four years of activity (1925–69), although it staged 163 plays, never found the need or drive to produce a Greek or a Roman drama, and the young Beer-Sheba Theatre, the last addition to Israel's theatrical establishment, although daring and innovative, has yet to venture into the classical world. The reasons are not far to seek, and there are weighty local reasons in addition to the general cultural factors, which have contributed to the scarcity of classical drama productions. Hellenism and Hellenization, according to the view held even today by some educated and secular Israelis, are not neutral entities. The terms themselves are polemic, connote cultural assimilation, and stand for departure from national Jewish values and the forfeit of cultural originality and independence. From the times of the Hebrew Enlightenment movement, however, classical languages and culture became an integral part of the curriculum of Jewish studies even in religious institutions of higher learning, such as the Bar-Ilan University. On the other hand, as a reaction to the classical culture becoming an embodiment of secular, anti-clerical Zionist renaissance, the extreme Orthodox establishment in contemporary Israel has continued to treat it as a dangerous desecration and even extended the derogatory use of the term ‘Hellenization’ to cover the entire Western cultural influence. As a result until today classical literature has only a marginal place in the high-schools' curriculum, it is not an immediate, and certainly not the most important source from which Hebrew writers and playwrights draw their inspiration, and even well educated spectators have at best only a very superficial knowledge of the classical heritage. The few classical plays produced on the Hebrew stage were chosen at random, chiefly because leading or popular directors insisted on directing a certain play, or because a play, which achieved success in Europe, was transplanted lock, stock and barrel to Israel, sometimes together with its director.
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Bogdanov, Andrey Petrovich. "“Philhellenes” and “Latinists” in the XVII century: texts in the context". Genesis: исторические исследования, n.º 4 (abril de 2021): 1–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2021.4.32317.
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This article is dedicated to the disputes on the enlightenment of Russia in the early 1680s. They emerged and continued due to the idea of Tsar Fyodor Alekseevich to open an Academy in Moscow: an autonomous university from the state and church authorities for preparing secular and religious personnel, which would teach in Polish, Greek, Latin and Russian languages. The article examines the positions of Russian and Greek Philhellenes. Some of them insisted on studying solely Greek language for preventing the distribution of knowledge in Latin and other languages. Others proved the advantage of Greek language in the educational system in all languages of science of that time. The author notes that the initiator of the Academy Sylvester Medvedev, who was later declared a “Latinist heretic”, took the second approach as the basis. The article refutes the modern attempts to change the perspective on dating, content and meaning of the primary sources, beginning with the Privilege of the Academy. The author substantiates that the Privilege was not a figment of Medvedev's imagination, but a Charter approved by the Tsar, which established the basic principles of the new university, namely the functions of faith protection were delegated by the tsar to the academic council. The implementation of measures against heresies, sorcery, etc., which were sternly formulated in the legislation, since now on required the scholars’ examination. The objections of colleagues to the “harshness” of these measures, allegedly invented by Medvedev, were associated with legal ignorance. A substantial part of the article is aimed at familiarization of the colleagues with the legal, political, cultural and literary context, which contributes to the analysis of the sources.
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Koutrakou, Panagiota, Maria Trigoni, Pavlos Sarafis, Chara Tzavara, Athanasios Nikolentzos, Tonia Vassilakou e Theodoros N. Sergentanis. "Knowledge and Perceptions of Greek Students about Human Papilloma Virus, Vaccination and Cervical Cancer Screening". Children 9, n.º 12 (24 de novembro de 2022): 1807. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9121807.
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INTRODUCTION: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main cause of cervical cancer; the level of HPV-related knowledge among young students remains however questionable. The purpose of the present study was to investigate knowledge pertaining to HPV, cervical cancer screening, and vaccination among students in the Nursing Department and Department of Social Work of the Hellenic Mediterranean University of Crete, Greece. METHODS: This was a questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study involving 371 first-year and third-year students of the two Departments. Multivariate linear and logistic regression analysis was performed to examine factors associated with knowledge related to HPV, cervical cancer screening, and HPV vaccination. RESULTS: Only 22.1% of students knew all the ways of HPV transmission and only 5.9% knew the whole spectrum of cancers that HPV could cause. The vaccination rate for HPV was 33.7%. The majority of students used the Internet as the main source of information (62.3%). Students’ sociodemographic characteristics, including age, marital status, and Department of studies were associated with knowledge about HPV. CONCLUSIONS: The present study highlights knowledge gaps and indicates the need for thorough health education strategies on HPV, targeting families and young people.
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Pfeiffer, Jeanine M., e Ramona J. Butz. "Assessing Cultural and Ecological Variation in Ethnobiological Research: The Importance of Gender". Journal of Ethnobiology 25, n.º 2 (setembro de 2005): 240–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2993/0278-0771_2005_25_240_acaevi_2.0.co_2.
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Contending that a significant portion of current ethnobiological research continues to overlook cultural variation in traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) and practice, this paper explores the potential impacts of gender-imbalanced research on data collection, hypothesis testing, and the formulation and application of ethnobiological inventories and theories. A multidisciplinary review of over 220 studies addresses commonly held stereotypes underlying gender-imbalanced field research and demonstrates the need for more inclusive, finely-tuned studies which disaggregate indigenous knowledge and practice by gender. The paper outlines factors underlying gender-based spatial and temporal variation in ecosystem exposure and traditional ecological knowledge in rural societies worldwide, and discusses how these factors contribute to gender differences in wild food harvesting, biodiversity and agrobiodiversity maintenance, natural resource management, and the transmission and conservation of sacred and secular customs. The review concludes with suggestions for designing and implementing more inclusive research.
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Mavroudi, Maria. "Byzantine Translations from Arabic into Greek: Old and New Historiography in Confluence and in Conflict". Journal of Late Antique, Islamic and Byzantine Studies 2, n.º 1-2 (setembro de 2023): 215–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jlaibs.2023.0021.
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Scholarly demand to re-evaluate underappreciated cultures has grown since the 1980s. This generated a call to re-write the nineteenth-century narrative on the transmission of knowledge from the ancient Near East to the Graeco-Roman, Islamic, Western medieval, and early modern European world. The paper surveys the modern study of Byzantine translations from Arabic into Greek in order to propose a new narrative frame, no longer linear but attentive to continuous and bi-directional contact between medieval civilisations. The paper offers the contact between Byzantium and various parts of the Islamic world as an example. It discusses the presumed insularity of Byzantine literary culture and its relationship with ancient Greek literary heritage. Problems of dating, localising, and socially contextualising the translations (through information on their authors and patrons) are also examined.
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Admink, Admink, e Людмила Белінська. "ЗМІНА ПОКОЛІНЬ ТА ТРАДИЦІЙ В ІНТЕЛІГЕНТСЬКИХ КОЛАХ СХІДНОЇ ГАЛИЧИНИ У ПЕРШІЙ ПОЛОВИНІ ХХ СТОЛІТТЯ (Григор Лужницький)". УКРАЇНСЬКА КУЛЬТУРА : МИНУЛЕ, СУЧАСНЕ, ШЛЯХИ РОЗВИТКУ (НАПРЯМ: КУЛЬТУРОЛОГІЯ), n.º 33 (3 de maio de 2020): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.35619/ucpmk.vi33.284.
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У культурному просторі Львова першої пол. ХХ ст. відомим був катехит о. Леонід Лужницький. Належність до духовного стану, шляхетне походження, високі студії, культурні зацікавлення, добірне товариство колег-однодумців утворило специфічну когорту української шляхетної греко-католицької еліти. Свої знання, культуру, досвід Лужницькі передали наступним поколінням. У різких соціальних змінах зуміли зберегти засади доброго виховання, толерантності, розуміння власних дітей, що допомогло зберегти родинний генофонд сповненим людської гідності, впевненості, високої культури. Яскравим прикладом цього є постать Григора Лужницького, який обрав світський шлях, досліджував історію Греко-католицької церкви, мав неабиякий літературний талант, присвятив життя театру та науковій діяльності.
In the educational and cultural space of Lviv in the first half of the twentieth century. the catechite of pr. Leonid Luzhnitsky Spiritual affiliation, noble backgrounds, high-level studios, cultural interests, an associate group of like-minded colleagues formed a specific cohort of the Ukrainian noble Greek Catholic elite. Luzhnytsky passed on their knowledge, culture and experience to the next generations. In sharp social changes they managed to keep the principles of good education, tolerance, understanding of their own children, which helped to keep the family gene pool full of human dignity, confidence and high culture. A striking example of this is the figure of Gregor Luzhnytsky, who deeply chose the secular path, researched the history of the Greek Catholic Church, had remarkable literary talent, devoted his life to theater and scientific activity.
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Vagelpohl, Uwe. "IN THE TRANSLATOR'S WORKSHOP". Arabic Sciences and Philosophy 21, n.º 2 (12 de agosto de 2011): 249–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0957423911000038.
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AbstractḤunayn ibn Isḥāq's Arabic translation of Galen's commentary on the Hippocratic Epidemics is an invaluable source for our knowledge of Galenic medicine and its transmission history, not least because much of it is extant only in Arabic. Its importance for the Arabic medical tradition is amply attested in the later medical literature. It also tells us much about the methods and self-image of contemporary translators. Throughout the translation, we find remarks by Ḥunayn discussing the quality of his source text, his own interpretation and also his attempts to reconstruct problematic or damaged passages. Based on an edition of these notes, their analysis and comparison to similar texts and Galen's own thought on editing and interpreting difficult medical texts, this article aims to situate Ḥunayn's methods in the context of the Greek-Arabic translation movement. It argues that his approach differs in important respects from that of preceding Greek-Arabic and Greek-Syriac translators and that he was indebted to Galen not just as a physician, but also as a translator and exegete.
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Vespa, Marco. "Tales of Imitation: Palamedes, the Cranes, and Interspecies Learning in Greco-Roman Antiquity". Illinois Classical Studies 47, n.º 2 (1 de outubro de 2022): 406–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/23285265.47.2.10.
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Abstract Building upon new perspectives opened up by human-animal studies in the investigation of the Greco-Roman world, this article focuses on the cultural representation of interspecies learning in Greco-Roman sources. In particular, this study analyzes one of the foundational events of human culture in most societies: the introduction of the alphabet and writing. Among the many texts describing its origins, a few involve an enigmatic encounter between several flying cranes and the Greek hero Palamedes. This article considers the literary evidence regarding Palamedes and the cranes. It deals with folktales and anecdotes, illustrating how humans can learn from animals within the broader context of the transmission of knowledge in Greco-Roman antiquity. A thorough investigation of the ancient cultural encyclopedia will show why cranes could be regarded as teachers of the Greek hero. At the end of this study, it will be possible to identify precisely the constitutive forms of the letters that according to ancient Greek texts Palamedes could have observed by paying attention to the flight arrangements of cranes.
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Morton, Jonathan. "Engin". Romanic Review 111, n.º 2 (1 de setembro de 2020): 205–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00358118-8503452.
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Abstract The main texts under consideration in this article are two French-language Alexander romances written in the second half of the twelfth century, discussed in relation to the Latin historical, romance, and naturalist traditions that form the backbone of the medieval tradition of Alexander the Great in medieval Europe, and in particular in relation to the literary tradition that starts with Pseudo-Callisthenes’s Greek Romance of Alexander. The aim is to show how Alexander was used not simply as an icon of secular or military power but also as an important figure for understanding the relationship between the imagination, technological invention, and discovery of new knowledge, which necessarily entails questions of prestige and power. Alexander’s ingenuity, which manifests both as verbal trickery and in the invention of new machines, is shown to be fundamental for a certain model of knowledge-acquisition that sees natural truths as hidden and in need of tools to be extracted. This ingenuity is shown, also, to be closely connected to the inventions of writers of romance, and the article suggests the specific importance of the Alexander material in the history of medieval romance literature.
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Zieme, Stefan. "Gerard of Cremona’s Latin translation of the Almagest and the revision of tables". Journal for the History of Astronomy 54, n.º 1 (fevereiro de 2023): 3–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00218286221140848.
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Until the late 15th century, knowledge of Ptolemy’s Almagest in the Latin West was constituted by Gerard of Cremona’s translation from Arabic into Latin. The text of Gerard’s translation has been examined carefully and its dependence on two different Arabic versions is well studied. However, the tables of Gerard’s Latin Almagest have not been scrutinized, and the relation to their Arabic or Greek counterparts has not been examined. In this article, I will analyze the historical mathematical structure of tables in Gerard’s Latin Almagest translated from the Arabic in comparison to their Arabic and Greek precursors. While Gerard’s text has proved to be a faithful translation from Arabic templates, some of the tables will turn out to be different. Fundamental tables for, for example, the chord interpolation values, declination, and rising times appear to have been recomputed in order to match Ptolemy’s proofs and paradigm computations, which, in contrast, generally diverge in both Greek and Arabic tradition with the tables. It remains unclear if Gerard himself or someone in his company recalculated these tables and thus deliberately aimed to correct the ancient classic of astronomy. By a systematic analysis of these tables, I intend to provide a novel perspective on the medieval transmission and translation of knowledge, its cross-cultural exchange, and especially the practice of Gerard of Cremona and his collaborator(s).
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Stefanović, Đorđe. "The athlete's body in ancient Greek sculpture in the function of heritage transmission and cultivation el cuerpo del atleta". Fizicka kultura 76, n.º 2 (2022): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/fizkul76-44147.
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This paper discusses the body of an athlete (sport), ancient Greek sculpture (history of art), digital environment (digital devices - new technologies) and sports marketing (new information systems in business) thus enabling support to different approaches to the system of knowledge in each of the given disciplines. The interdisciplinary (pluralistic) approach opens a possibility to expand not only knowledge, but the scientific awareness as well. The subject of the paper focuses on the phenomenon of the 'permanent record' of sculptures whose theme refers to the events related to an athlete's body in the period of Ancient Greece. Owing to its values, the contents of these masterpieces have had a beneficial effect as they influenced the art of each subsequent period of civilization and are preserved for the future. In the course of a more detailed research and analysis of the history of heritage, new knowledge has been gained that can contribute to the general benefit of the society that we live in. In the digital world, 3D computer animation takes up a very important place within the mass and popular media thus becoming not only the guardian of the heritage of ancient Greece sculptural art depicting the bodies of athletes, but also one of the integral parts of today's general culture, which is mostly used in the promotion of marketing in sports. It is thought that this paper can be inspiring for others in generating new original ideas towards further research.
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Voyiatzaki, Chrysa, Maria S. Venetikou, Effie Papageorgiou, Fragiski Anthouli-Anagnostopoulou, Panagiotis Simitzis, Dimitrios I. Chaniotis e Maria Adamopoulou. "Awareness, Knowledge and Risky Behaviors of Sexually Transmitted Diseases among Young People in Greece". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n.º 19 (23 de setembro de 2021): 10022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910022.
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Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) affect mainly young individuals and cause health, social, and economic problems worldwide. The present study used a web questionnaire to assess the awareness, knowledge, sexual behaviors, and common practices regarding STDs in young Greek adults. The 1833 individuals, aged 18–30 years, who responded to the study seem to be particularly knowledgeable regarding STDs such as AIDS (97.7%), warts (97%), Chlamydia (92.2%), genital herpes (89.9%), syphilis (81.9%), and gonorrhea (72.1%), whereas lower percentages were noted for trichomoniasis (39.3%), Molluscum contagiosum (12.9%), mycoplasmosis (11.6%), and amoebiasis (7.4%). Regarding oral STD transmission, participants replied correctly for genital herpes (45%), warts (35.8%), and AIDS (HIV; 33.8%), whereas 30.2% were unfamiliar with oral sexual transmission. Of the participants, 52% were not aware that STDs might cause infertility. Only 40.4% of the respondents reported always using condoms during sexual intercourse, and 48.6% had never been tested for STDs. The majority of the young population (55%) presented a moderate knowledge STD score (41–60%) and was associated with demographic parameters such as age, gender, sexual preference, number of sexual partners, and residence (p < 0.05). These findings provide important information regarding the prevention of STDs and highlight the significance of developing more effective sex education programs for young people in Greece.
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Kydros, Dimitrios, Maria Argyropoulou e Vasiliki Vrana. "A Content and Sentiment Analysis of Greek Tweets during the Pandemic". Sustainability 13, n.º 11 (30 de maio de 2021): 6150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116150.
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During the time of the coronavirus, strict prevention policies, social distancing, and limited contact with others were enforced in Greece. As a result, Twitter and other social media became an important place of interaction, and conversation became online. The aim of this study is to examine Twitter discussions around COVID-19 in Greece. Twitter was chosen because of the critical role it played during the global health crisis. Tweets were recorded over four time periods. NodeXL Pro was used to identify word pairs, create semantic networks, and analyze them. A lexicon-based sentiment analysis was also performed. The main topics of conversation were extracted. “New cases” are heavily discussed throughout, showing fear of transmission of the virus in the community. Mood analysis showed fluctuations in mood over time. Positive emotions weakened and negative emotions increased. Fear is the dominant sentiment. Timely knowledge of people’s sentiment can be valuable for government agencies to develop efficient strategies to better manage the situation and use efficient communication guidelines in Twitter to disseminate accurate, reliable information and control panic.
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Thomopoulos, Vasileios, e Kostas Tsichlas. "An Agent-Based Model for Disease Epidemics in Greece". Information 15, n.º 3 (7 de março de 2024): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info15030150.
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In this research, we present the first steps toward developing a data-driven agent-based model (ABM) specifically designed for simulating infectious disease dynamics in Greece. Amidst the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, this research holds significant importance as it can offer valuable insights into disease transmission patterns and assist in devising effective intervention strategies. To the best of our knowledge, no similar study has been conducted in Greece. We constructed a prototype ABM that utilizes publicly accessible data to accurately represent the complex interactions and dynamics of disease spread in the Greek population. By incorporating demographic information and behavioral patterns, our model captures the specific characteristics of Greece, enabling accurate and context-specific simulations. By using our proposed ABM, we aim to assist policymakers in making informed decisions regarding disease control and prevention. Through the use of simulations, policymakers have the opportunity to explore different scenarios and predict the possible results of various intervention measures. These may include strategies like testing approaches, contact tracing, vaccination campaigns, and social distancing measures. Through these simulations, policymakers can assess the effectiveness and feasibility of these interventions, leading to the development of well-informed strategies aimed at reducing the impact of infectious diseases on the Greek population. This study is an initial exploration toward understanding disease transmission patterns and a first step towards formulating effective intervention strategies for Greece.
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Oberdorfer, Bernd. "Das Christentum und die säkulare Gesellschaft. Hintergründe und Herausforderungen". Evangelische Theologie 82, n.º 1 (1 de fevereiro de 2022): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14315/evth-2022-820106.
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Abstract In a multilateral ecumenical setting, this paper analyses the challenges Christian churches have to deal with in modern »secularized« societies. First, it outlines Charles Taylor’s study The Secular Age as a helpful tool to understand the fundamental cultural changes. Second, it highlights three characteristic shifts: the continuous decrease of membership in mainline churches, the growing diversity of (Christian and non-Christian) religious communities, and the failing transgenerational transmission of religious knowledge and practice. As churches cannot any longer take their cultural relevance for granted, third, the paper pleas for an attitude of ›exploring relevance‹ which is open to new forms of communicating the gospel without, however, losing confidence in the respective formative traditions. Finally, the paper argues that, because all churches share these challenges, the situation encourages ecumenism.
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Tsiougkou, Eirini, Konstantinos Tsioumis e Argyris Kyridis. "Greek Teachers’ Perceptions about Citizenship and Its Functionality as Educational Tool in the Classroom". Review of European Studies 9, n.º 4 (22 de novembro de 2017): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v9n4p147.
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We are moving into an era of intense economic, social and political crisis, where the need of active and critically thinking citizens is imperative. Teachers play a key role in the transmission of knowledge, values and skills which are essential for students to become effective citizens. The aim of the study is to investigate teachers’ perceptions about citizenship and its functionality as educational tool in the classroom. Specifically I investigated their views on citizenship, on citizenship education and on ways of teaching citizenship, as well as, on the objectives of citizenship education that they consider as important. Finally, I examined the frequency with which they perform certain actions in their classroom. The survey was conducted in the spring of 2016 using a questionnaire with closed questions. In our research took part 183 Greek primary school teachers.
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Jhelum, Hina, Vasileios Papatsiros, Georgios Papakonstantinou, Ludwig Krabben, Benedikt Kaufer e Joachim Denner. "Screening for Viruses in Indigenous Greek Black Pigs". Microorganisms 12, n.º 2 (2 de fevereiro de 2024): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12020315.
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The successful advancement of xenotransplantation has led to the development of highly sensitive detection systems for the screening of potentially zoonotic viruses in donor pigs and preventing their transmission to the recipient. To validate these methods, genetically modified pigs generated for xenotransplantation, numerous minipigs and other pig breeds have been tested, thereby increasing our knowledge concerning the pig virome and the distribution of pig viruses. Of particular importance are the porcine cytomegalovirus, a porcine roseolovirus (PCMV/PRV) and the hepatitis E virus genotype 3 (HEV3). PCMV/PRV has been shown to reduce the survival time of pig transplants in non-human primates and was also transmitted in the first pig heart transplantation to a human patient. The main aim of this study was to determine the sensitivities of our methods to detect PCMV/PRV, HEV3, porcine lymphotropic herpesvirus-1 (PLHV-1), PLHV-2, PLHV-3, porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), PCV3, PCV4 and porcine parvovirus 1 (PPV1) and to apply the methods to screen indigenous Greek black pigs. The high number of viruses found in these animals allowed for the evaluation of numerous detection methods. Since porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) type A and B are integrated in the genome of all pigs, but PERV-C is not, the animals were screened for PERV-C and PERV-A/C. Our detection methods were sensitive and detected PCMV/PRV, PLHV-1, PLHV-1, PLHV-3, PVC3 and PERV-C in most animals. PPV1, HEV3, PCV4 and PERV-A/C were not detected. These data are of great interest since the animals are healthy and resistant to diseases.
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Chinca, Mark, e Christopher Young. "Uses of the Past in Twelfth-Century Germany: The Case of the Middle High German Kaiserchronik". Central European History 49, n.º 1 (março de 2016): 19–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938916000030.
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AbstractDespite its broad transmission and its influence on vernacular chronicle writing in the German Middle Ages, the Kaiserchronik has not received the attention from historians that it deserves. This article describes some of the ideological, historical, and literary contexts that shaped the original composition of the chronicle in the middle of the twelfth century: Christian salvation history, the revival of interest in the Roman past, the consolidation of a vernacular literature of knowledge, and the emergence of a practice of writing history as “serious entertainment” by authors such as Geoffrey of Monmouth and Godfrey of Viterbo. Placed in these multiple contexts, which have a European as well as a specifically German dimension, the Kaiserchronik emerges as an important document of the uses of the past in fostering a sense of German identity among secular and ecclesiastical elites in the high Middle Ages.
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Ali Abdul Rabb, Muneer, Baidar Mohammed Mohammed Hasan, Setiyawan Gunardi e Mesbahul Hoque. "أثر التّكامل المعرفيّ بين العلوم في بناء القدرات العقليّة وتنميتها". Ulum Islamiyyah 33, n.º 2 (2 de agosto de 2020): 125–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33102/uij.vol33no2.373.
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The combination of the revealed Sciences (religious) that are related to Islam and Shari’ah and the conventional or secular sciences is of great importance. One of the reasons for the weakness of the Islamic Ummah in civilization at this time is the separation of revealed sciences from the secular sciences and the scourge of mental immobility. Aims and Objectives: As such, this research highlights the cognitive integration between sciences and its impact on mental capacity-building and its development, the linkage of which will undoubtedly have significant impacts. Methodology: To achieve this goal, the researcher will rely on the inductive approach and analytical approach, to extrapolate and collect the texts related to the subject of the research from its sources, analyze and examine them, eventually derive the result. Results and Findings: The research concludes with the following: Islamic heritage combines quantitative and qualitative progression, the modern material civilization in various aspects of knowledge and the various branches of science, that had the scientific lead in various arts. There is a clear correlation between the transmission and mental sciences, which link each other. The integration of science is aimed at easing the state of the reference dispersion in which contemporary Islamic realities live. The integration of the transmitted and psychological sciences in educational institutions is instrumental in the graduation of qualified teachers, scientists, and researchers, enabling them to deal with the developments of reality.
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Ra'ad, Basem L. "Primal Scenes of Globalization: Legacies of Canaan and Etruria". PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 116, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2001): 89–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2001.116.1.89.
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This study calls for globalizing recognitions and for writing less exclusionary histories. In introductory remarks, it relates two undermined cultures to current globalization and to “Western civilization” as a complex constructed from selected ancient Greek, Roman, and Judeo-Christian elements. Seven sections illustrate various contradictions in scholarship, in literary history, and in practice and attempt to reinsert Canaanite, Etruscan, and other suppressed civilizations into the Western and monotheistic self-valuation. The sections are titled “Etruscology,” “Recognition Politics and Paradigmatic Omissions,” “A Few Scholars,” “Recognition Textbooks,” “Canaan, Ugarit, and Biblical Scholarship,” “Demonologies,” and “Writing Writing.” The last section suggests that the original development and transmission of the alphabet could be used as another model for human commonality and for altering frameworks of interaction, knowledge, and recognition.
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Ra'ad, Basem L. "Primal Scenes of Globalization: Legacies of Canaan and Etruria". Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 116, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2001): 89–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/s0030812900105061.
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This study calls for globalizing recognitions and for writing less exclusionary histories. In introductory remarks, it relates two undermined cultures to current globalization and to “Western civilization” as a complex constructed from selected ancient Greek, Roman, and Judeo-Christian elements. Seven sections illustrate various contradictions in scholarship, in literary history, and in practice and attempt to reinsert Canaanite, Etruscan, and other suppressed civilizations into the Western and monotheistic self-valuation. The sections are titled “Etruscology,” “Recognition Politics and Paradigmatic Omissions,” “A Few Scholars,” “Recognition Textbooks,” “Canaan, Ugarit, and Biblical Scholarship,” “Demonologies,” and “Writing Writing.” The last section suggests that the original development and transmission of the alphabet could be used as another model for human commonality and for altering frameworks of interaction, knowledge, and recognition.
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Uspenskaya, N. A. "Higher Education in Arab Countries: from Past to Present". MGIMO Review of International Relations, n.º 2(35) (28 de abril de 2014): 307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-2-35-307-312.
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The article describes the problems of higher education in the Arab countries from the time of caliphate in the 7th century to present time. The Arab caliphate had a number of scientific centres based on the principles of ancient Greek science and culture. The author stresses the role of interpreters and translators in the development of science, preservation and development of the ancient school of knowledge. Many of ancient scientific books appeared in Europe only in Arabic translation. That means that science and education in the Arab countries was mostly based on ancient science. One of great problems of education in the Arab countries is the recession of its quality and backwardness as compared to European education. The reason is lack of finances and unstable situation in the region. The author illustrates the article with the situation in educational institutions of Egypt. Egypt has one of the oldest and most individual systems of education in the Arab countries. The article shows secular universities as well as one of the most influential religion universities, Al-Azhar. Today, religion education in oriental countries is gaining more and more importance. Religion penetrates all spheres of society. The financial streams in the Arab countries are controlled by Muslim circles.
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Sumadi, Sumadi. "Memahami Transmisi Pendidikan Islam di Madrasah". Journal of Education and Religious Studies 2, n.º 03 (5 de dezembro de 2022): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.57060/jers.v2i03.75.
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Islamic education has been at the core of the intellectual development of Muslims for centuries. Madrasas, as traditional educational institutions in the Muslim world, play an important role in the transmission of Islamic scholarship from generation to generation. This abstract discusses the development of education in the transmission of Islamic scholarship in Madrasah by focusing on the changes and challenges faced by this education system. This study involves an analysis of the history of the development of Madrasah from early to modern times. The development of education in Madrasah includes the transformation of curriculum, teaching methods, and the integration of technology in the learning process. In addition, the role of teachers in transmitting authentic Islamic scientific knowledge is also a major concern in this study. In the context of globalization and advances in information technology, Madrasah is faced with various challenges, such as maintaining the relevance of traditional education in modern society and facing competition from the secular education system. Efforts to maintain the authenticity of Islamic values and integrate with contemporary educational approaches are one way to answer this challenge. The research also highlights the importance of Madrasah's role in fostering a deep understanding of Islam and increasing interfaith tolerance. Overall, the development of education in the transmission of Islamic scholarship in Madrassas presents an opportunity to explore the potential of Islamic education holistically and sustainably, and prepare future generations to become responsible global citizens with a strong Islamic scientific foundation.
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Suga, Shutaro, Kazumichi Fujioka, Ruka Nakasone, Shinya Abe, Sachiyo Fukushima, Mariko Ashina, Kosuke Nishida et al. "Changes in awareness and knowledge concerning mother-to-child infections among Japanese pregnant women between 2012 and 2018". PLOS ONE 16, n.º 1 (6 de janeiro de 2021): e0244945. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244945.
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This study aimed to investigate the long-term changes in awareness of and knowledge about mother-to-child infections across 6 years in Japan. A questionnaire survey was conducted at our facility from October 2012 to January 2018, and the study periods were divided into 4 phases comprising 16 months each. A multiple-choice questionnaire assessed participants’ awareness of the following 13 pathogens of mother-to-child infections: cytomegalovirus (CMV), Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), hepatitis B virus, rubella virus, herpes simplex virus, parvovirus B19, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, human T cell leukemia virus type-1, measles virus, varicella-zoster virus, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Treponema pallidum. For the selected four pathogens (i.e., CMV, rubella virus, T. gondii, and parvovirus B19), the questionnaire also evaluated participants’ knowledge of transmission routes, the most susceptible time of infection that could yield severe fetal disease during pregnancy, the maximum frequency of fetal infection in cases of maternal infection, and methods to prevent maternal infection. In total, 1433 pregnant Japanese women were included in this study. There was no secular change in awareness of the pathogens concerning mother-to-child infections over time, and we also clarified that the detailed knowledge of the four pathogens of typical mother-to-child infections did not improve. Since knowledge about methods to prevent maternal infection is still insufficient for all pathogens, further advocacy is required to prevent mother-to-child infections.
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Simpson, Dean. "The ‘Proverbia Grecorum’". Traditio 43 (1987): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0362152900012460.
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Statements in Latin concerning such topics as wisdom, truth, and virtue, attributed to the Proverbia Grecorum (less often the Parabolae Gregorum), are found in a number of early medieval manuscripts. They are of interest because of their stated connection with the Greeks, which pertains to the knowledge of Greek and Greek learning in the early medieval West, and because of the obscure vocabulary many of the proverbs contain, which relates to the study of the latinity of early medieval, especially insular, scholars. New findings concerning the origin and transmission of these statements have increased their importance because they have revealed connections between them and other important early medieval Latin texts, notably the Collectio canonum Hibernensis and certain florilegia found in the miscellaneous Collectaneum of Sedulius Scottus. The Proverbia Grecorum have been edited and studied in detail only once, by Sigmund Hellmann, in 1906. Since then new statements attributed to the Proverbia Grecorum have been found, and the characterization of early medieval Latin culture has been significantly revised. Hellmann's text, furthermore, has been found to be faulty in a number of places. Therefore, there is a need for a full re-edition and study of this proverb collection. This has been undertaken in the present work. Following this essay, which defines the current state of knowledge of the Proverbia Grecorum, there is a critical edition of all statements identified as Proverbia Grecorum. This is followed by a commentary in which parallel texts are cited, and points of linguistic interest are noted.
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Любарт, Маргарита Кемальевна. "Christian Churches in Modern France: The Reality of Post-Secular Society". ТРАДИЦИОННАЯ КУЛЬТУРА, n.º 2 (25 de junho de 2020): 124–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.26158/tk.2020.21.2.011.
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В статье исследуются особенности процесса дехристианизации и секуляризации и проведения политики светскости (лаицизма) в отношении архитектурного христианского наследия в современной Франции. Количество зарегистрированных полицией инцидентов, связанных с христианскими храмами, составляет в последнее десятилетие около тысячи в год. Получивший печальную известность пожар собора Парижской Богоматери в апреле 2019 г. - только один из подобных примеров. Регулярными стали разграбления, осквернения мест христианского культа, нападения на священников, их убийства и т. п. Ежегодно ряд церквей, признанных не имеющими историко-культурной ценности, сносятся с ведома властей, а некоторые пустующие храмы передаются представителям других религий. Главной причиной такой ситуации, по мнению автора, является отход большинства населения от христианской веры, связанный с нарушением ее межпоколенной трансмиссии, идеологическими установками неолиберализма по отношению к католицизму, особенностями преподавания истории Церкви в школе, нивелированием ее значения для европейской культуры и т. д. Очень существенным обстоятельством также является отсутствие достаточного финансирования, необходимого для содержания и реставрации богатого архитектурного христианского наследия Франции. Исследование основано на изучении документов, электронных и печатных массмедиа, интернет-блогосферы, собственных наблюдениях и материалах бесед со священниками и членами католических общин This article explores the ongoing process of de-Christianization and secularization in modern France, in particular, the policy of secularism (Laicism) in relation to the Christian architectural heritage. The number of incidents related to Christian churches registered by the police in the last decade is about a thousand per year. The notorious fire of Notre Dame Cathedral in April 2019 is just one example. Such things as looting and the desecration of Christian places of worship, assaults and the killing of priests, have become common. In addition, annually, a number of churches, recognized as having no historical and cultural value, are demolished with the knowledge of the authorities, and some empty churches are handed over to representatives of other religions. The main reason for this situation, according to the author, is the exodus of the majority of the population from the Christian faith. This is connected to such things as the interruption of intergenerational transmission; the neoliberal ideological attitude toward Catholicism; and the way schools teach church history, devaluing its significance for European culture. A very significant circumstance is also the lack of funding necessary for the maintenance and restoration of France’s rich architectural Christian heritage. The article is based on the study of documents, electronic and print media, the Internet blogosphere, observations and materials from conversations with priests, members of Catholic communities.
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Gomez-Aranda, Mariano. "The Contribution of the Jews of Spain to the Transmission of Science in the Middle Ages". European Review 16, n.º 2 (maio de 2008): 169–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798708000161.
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The Jews of Spain in the Middle Ages played an important role in the transmission of Graeco-Arabic learning by translating, or participating in translations, of scientific texts. They also composed original works on mathematics, astronomy, astrology and medicine in which they adapted the theories of the ancients for their own time. Science was used by the ruling powers as an element of prestige, and by the Jewish scientists as a way to obtain a high social status. The policy of cultural sponsorship of Muslim caliphs, as well as of Christian kings, was fundamental in the process of transmission of the Greek sciences to the Western world. The School of Translators of Toledo is an example of this process. The astronomical theories developed by Jewish scientists at the end of the 15th century played an important role in the Spanish and Portuguese discoveries of the 16th century. Their knowledge of astronomy, astrology, mathematics, and medicine was also used by the Jewish intellectuals to provide a rational and scientific support for the Jewish religion and tradition, as is reflected in the interpretations of the Bible by medieval Spanish Jewish authors.
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Greenhill, Annabel. "Shoshana Blum-Kulka, Dinner talk: Cultural patterns of sociability and socialization in family discourse. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, 1997. Pp. ix, 306." Language in Society 29, n.º 3 (julho de 2000): 420–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500243042.
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The work of Elinor Ochs and Catherine Snow has demonstrated the central importance of dinner talk within a broad picture of language socialization. A fertile site for the intergenerational transmission of cultural values and identities, it fosters culturally specific ways of talking and thinking which have significance for children's lives far beyond the intimacy of family meals. Blum-Kulka brings to this rich speech event her insights about cross-cultural pragmatics and her deep knowledge of patterns of communication in Jewish communities in the US and Israel. What emerges from her multi-year study is a thoroughly Hymesian depiction of cultural continuity and change, as enacted in everyday talk. She demonstrates that the subtle differences and similarities in patterns of dinnertime talk found in each of three middle-class, secular Jewish speech communities of Ashkenazi heritage – Jewish Americans (JA), American immigrants to Israel (AI), and native Israelis (NI) – reflect entangled processes of cultural maintenance, cultural assimilation, and intentional breaks from the traditional values and practices of the Diaspora.
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Kadi, Fabiola, e Helona Pani. "THE ALBANIAN EVANGELICAL CHURCH – A POWERFUL SYMBOL OF RESISTANCE IN THE TRANSMISSION OF KNOWLEDGE". Knowledge International Journal 34, n.º 6 (4 de outubro de 2019): 1749–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij34061749k.
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It is a fact that Christianity is deeply rooted in the history of the Albanian nation, but, unfortunately, such a fact has opened the gate to endless discussions. This paper aims to highlight an important event in the history of Albania, which will influence the future history of this nation. During the nineteenth century, Protestants contributed significantly to the Albanian national issue through performing translations of several books of the Bible, at a time when books in Albanian language were very rare. Different foreign missionaries came to Albania to spread their religious views. They strongly influenced the opening of Albanian schools while Albanians, under Turkish rule, were forbidden to use their language, to learn to write, or read it. Gradually, the foreign missionaries were attended by Albanian intellectuals, who insist on the opening of the Albanian school and the education of Albanians in Albanian language. Interestingly, Protestantism was the only religious belief that supported Albanian writing and reading, while other religious beliefs exercised in Albania were the fiery opponents of every Albanian component. The Albanian language on one hand was opposed by the Greek Orthodox Church, on the other hand, by the Latin Catholic Church and above all, Ottoman rule opposed the teaching of the Albanian language in order to keep the Albanian people as subordinate as possible. It seems that Protestantism has emerged in all the countries where it has spread, supporting various national identities, but especially in Albania, it has played an important role in supporting the national identity of Albanians and the education of generations, especially of girls. The opening of the first Albanian girls' school in the city of Korça keeps the seal of the Protestant church and it has had a great impact in the future for the emancipation of Albanian society, of women and girls who are oppressed and printed in many directions. Sevasti Qiriazi, as a representative of the Protestant church in Korça, and the first teacher in Albania, will protect the school and try to support the spread of the Albanian language at all costs. Through the spread of faith in Albanian, the first Protestants in Albania conveyed not only knowledge, but also great human, moral, and educational values to people who were suffering, but eager for knowledge and development. The Protestant Albanian movement was actually an 'Albanian spiritual movement' with religious, educational, national and cultural values and purposes. For several decades, during the communist regime in Albania, a good part of the influence of protestants in the country was denied and all efforts were made to overshadow the influence of Protestantism towards education and emancipation of Albanians in this period. Today, after many years of shadow, Protestantism is again one of the religions that are practiced in Albania and numerous efforts are being made to discover many of the unknown elements of the positive influence that this belief had in educating Albanians over the years.
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Triantari, Sotiria. "From coaching to Mentor Leader:". dianoesis 15 (23 de junho de 2024): 103–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/dia.38176.
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We present in this article the personality of the mentor leader in management. The ancient Greek background of the coaching and mentor leader is highlighted. We focus on the differences and similarities of the coach and mentor leader, highlighting the skills of the modern mentor leader, who dynamically contributes to the formation of the personality of the individual, the employee in order to achieve personal and professional development and progress. The mentor leader with basically characteristics of empathy and mindfulness, which are basically communication parameters, transmits to others his experience, making the human resources of a business or organization flexible, creative, and mature. The mentor leader represents ethical leadership and addresses contemporary challenges in management by strengthening the link between theory and practice through education and transmission of knowledge, skills, and experience. The modern mentor leader makes a significant contribution to cultural change in management and to addressing organizational change, which has a significant impact on the psychology and behavior of employees.
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Conrad, Anne. "Bildungschancen für Frauen und Mädchen im interkonfessionellen Vergleich". Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte - Archive for Reformation History 95, n.º 1 (1 de dezembro de 2004): 283–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.14315/arg-2004-0113.
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ABSTRACT The Reformation and confessionalization significantly influenced education - both at the elementary and higher levels, and also from the perspective of gender history. The confessional foundation of all education resulted in the requirement of strict separation of the sexes. In connection with the view of women held at the time, a concept of religiously oriented girls’ education developed that clearly departed from the late medieval coeducational, pragmatic transmission of knowledge. The new concept shaped education into modern times. The overseers of education were, in Protestant territories, secular governments who were bound to the ecclesiastical ordinances, and in Catholic lands religious orders (among others, the Jesuits and Ursulines) and confraternities. A comparison of the confessions shows for the lower level of instruction, which had close ties with catechization, more common features than differences. By contrast, more advanced education for girls reveals clear distinctions. A central and confessionally significant moment was that of orientation toward the pedagogical tradition of the women’s cloisters, chapters, and religious communities. The new Catholic women’s orders could achieve a substantially greater effect than comparable Protestant establishments. It remains to determine more precisely what opportunities for women’s education were available outside the ecclesiastically connected institutions.
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Awan, Muhammad Iqbal, e Hafiz Khurshid Ahmad Qadri. "Shahab Ahmad’s Hostile-Intellectual Approach towards Ḥadīth Sciences". Journal of Islamic and Religious Studies 5, n.º 2 (14 de dezembro de 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36476/jirs.5:2.12.2020.14.
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The article strives to expose the attitude of a western grown Muslim scholar Shahab Ahmad (1966 – 2015 AD) to the 2nd major Islamic source Ḥadīth and its sciences. The question to be answered here is what kind of approach, hostile or supporting, Shahab had towards Ḥadīth sciences? Many critics knocked his corpus regarding his modern conceptualization of Islam, but his Ḥadīth sense remained undiscussed yet. This paper encircled all his Ḥadīth treatment while using the analytical research approach. Shahab seems facing a great opposition of Ḥadīth terminology in the way of proving his life-argument of ‘satanic verses’. Shahab put several grave accusations on Muḥaddithīn (the traditionists) just like as “adjusters” and “editors” of chains and “underminers of text”. His excessive usage of deficient and incomplete chains of transmission to prove his argument, his acceptance of omitted chains and declaration of complete chains as ‘fabricated’, his ‘self-assumptions’ in the chains all depict his ill-will. By going through his oeuvre, it becomes apparent that Shahab Ahmad criticized almost the entire process of Ḥadīth Sciences which shows his hostility and less knowledge of Ḥadīth. Being taught in secular institutions of the West, Shahab Ahmad had a hostile attitude towards Ḥadīth sciences.
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Allison, Safwaan Zamakda. "Socialisation and character education in the Muslim world: exploring the role, impact, and necessity of indoctrination". IJoReSH: Indonesian Journal of Religion, Spirituality, and Humanity 3, n.º 1 (28 de junho de 2024): 76–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/ijoresh.v3i1.76-100.
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This investigation seeks to understand the importance of imparting character education to students across the educational spectrum. It examines the intricate nexus lying between shared boundaries that form the provision of education, socialisation, and indoctrination. It delves into the multifaceted elements of character education, emphasising the transmission of moral, social, religious, and ethical values. By analysing the role of educators as key influencers, the research underscores the challenges in fostering positive characteristics amidst the modern digital landscape and diverse cultural contexts, particularly in the Muslim world. The study employs a qualitative descriptive approach, utilising a narrative literature review to understand the subjective aspects of morality and social values and appreciate the importance of character education within religious and secular frameworks. There is no doubt that education has a profound impact on students, especially in their formative years, shaping them into moral, well-behaved, and intelligent members of society. It should equip students with the knowledge and character to thrive as contributing citizens, both locally and globally, in the digital age. This study found that teachers are somewhat reluctant to be accused of ‘indoctrination’, but this is inherently an integral element of education, and should therefore be embraced, acknowledged, and used for good: instilling critical thinking, along with a moral compass and the values needed to be upstanding and successful members of society.
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Aakhus, Patricia. "Astral Magic and Adelard of Bath’s Liber Prestigiorum; or Why Werewolves Change at the Full Moon". Culture and Cosmos 16, n.º 1 and 2 (outubro de 2012): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.46472/cc.01216.0227.
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Astral magic, the capturing of celestial spirits or rays in engraved stones at astronomically propitious times, enters the West with Adelard of Bath’s 12th century translation of Thabit ibn Qurra’s treatise on talismanic magic, Liber Prestigiorum. Derived from Greek, Babylonian, Sabian, Egyptian and Neo-Platonic magical theory and practice, astral magic requires profound knowledge of astronomy. Talismans draw down planetary spirits along stellar rays, the vehicles of transmission, following sympathetic correspondences between astronomical and terrestrial phenomena. In the 12th century works Guillaume de Palerne and Le Chevalier au Lion, magic rings and werewolves are tied to astral magic. These works were written for the English court that supported Adelard, and Gervase of Tilbury’s Otia Imperialia where ‘in England we have often seen men change into wolves according to the phases of the moon’ and ‘there is no precious stone which may not be consecrated for the exercise of its extrinsic power with the herb of the same name or with the blood of the bird or animal, combined with spells’. Adelard’s version of Thabit’s text, along with the Latin Picatrix, also derived from Thabit, had the greatest impact on learned magic in the medieval and early modern periods
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de Callataÿ, Godefroid. "Dividing Science by Ten". Studia Islamica 115, n.º 1 (2 de setembro de 2020): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19585705-12341405.
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Abstract The Ġāyat al-ḥakīm (“the Aim of the Sage”), the Arab ancestor of the celebrated Picatrix on astral magic, includes a curious tenfold classification of the sciences, with five disciplines said to be compulsory “for the legislators” and five “for the philosopher”. This classification was once described by Hellmut Ritter and Martin Plessner as “ein Unikum in der umfangreichen Einteilungsliteratur”. This paper is a survey of medieval texts concerned with a tenfold classification of the sciences, ranging from a wide collection of sources including the world chronicles of Agapius and Girgīs al-Makīn, the Ādāb al-falāsifa, the Sindbādnāma, the Pseudo-Avicennian alchemical De anima, and Roger Bacon’s edition of the Secretum Secretorum. It appears from this survey that the Ādāb al-falāsifa certainly played a crucial role in the transmission of these traditions, but that other texts, in particular amongst the Pseudo-Aristotelian Hermetica, may have been influential as well. Regarding the ultimate origin of this material we are reduced to mere speculations, although various elements invite us to consider Middle Persian literature as a more plausible formative stage than Greek literature in the conception of tenfold classifications of knowledge.