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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Transmission of secular Greek knowledge"
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Damanhuri e Bahrul Ulum. "ISLAMISASI ILMU PENGETAHUAN: KENISCAYAAN EPISTEMOLOGI UNTUK KUALITAS PENDIDIKAN LEBIH BAIK". Ta'dibi : Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam 11, n.º 2 (9 de março de 2023): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.61088/tadibi.v11i2.550.
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Some Muslim scholars consider that the Islamization of science is something that is utopian in nature. The reason is that science is neutral, so there is no term Islamic or non-Islamic science. In this study it was found that this opinion is too premature and shows a lack of criticality towards what is happening in contemporary science. In fact, some sciences such as humanities and natural sciences contain values that are not in accordance with Islamic teachings.
Most of these sciences are conceptually secular based. That is, there has been a separation between science and religion. Western domination that influenced the development of modern epistemology has made science far from spiritual values. The secular hegemony of Western civilization openly states that science has nothing to do with religion or God. As a result, knowledge no longer makes its possessor know God, but further distances it from God.
During the heyday of Islam, classical Muslim scholars and intellectuals had 'Islamized' knowledge that came from Greek and other civilizations. The Muslims do not feel there is an epistemological problem in studying any science. So that scholars were born who mastered ulumuddin science as well as science. However, after many Islamic countries were colonized by the West, this epistemology was also eroded by secular epistemology. Islam has lost its identity as a force with an epistemological orientation that was actually well established in the classical era. Therefore, the Islamization of science today is important to do to restore the identity of Islamic science as it was in the classical period. This paper tries to analyze fairly why there is a need for the Islamization of knowledge. Islamization does not mean removing or rejecting all knowledge from the secular West. But there is a measurable selection process by adopting and adapting knowledge from the West.
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Ponirakis, Eleni. "Hellenic Language and Thought in Pre-Conquest England". Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies, n.º 32/4 (outubro de 2023): 61–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7311/0860-5734.32.4.04.
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Bede, reflecting on the success of the Canterbury school set up by Theodore of Tarsus remarked: “some of their students still alive today are as proficient in Latin and Greek as in their native tongue” [trans. Colgrave and Mynors 1969, 335]. By the time we get to the court of Alfred two hundred years later, there had been a famous decline in learning from which Greek, as a language, had not yet recovered. However, there remained a strong interest in Greek as a sacred language in liturgies, prayers and magical charms, and later in hermeneutic poetry. Theodore’s influence was not limited to Greek Language, he also brought knowledge of Maximus the Confessor and Pseudo-Dionysius. The influence of Greek mystical theology would find fuller expression in the translations associated with the court of King Alfred via contact with the Carolingian court, but the seeds for this reception in England may already have been sown. This paper will outline the evidence for the use of Greek language in a variety of contexts, including a charm for the staunching of blood, and it will examine the extent of the influence of Greek patristic thinking in Old English texts including both clerical prose and secular poetry.
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Rohmatullah, Niam. "THE CONCEPT OF SCIENCES IN ISLAM". CONS-IEDU 1, n.º 01 (30 de junho de 2021): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.51192/cons.v1i01.98.
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This research discusses about the concept of science in Islamic perspective. The research was motivated by the fact that the concepts and the definitions of science in Islam is still influenced by the concepts of Greek philosophy. It caused that science is derived from the Greek, not Islam. And it is dangerous for Muslim students. Using comparative analysis. The results of this study concluded that the science in the Islamic view is synchronization between ideals and reality. The experts have different opinions in defining science. However, all the definitions and the terms are materialistic, and very secular. Then, we take the notion expressed by the muslim scholars. The purpose of science is actually should be proportional to the objectives of Islamic education. Thus, the orientation of the knowledge-seeker will be hereafter, not merely pursue to the world.
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Stanevich, S. V., e I. G. Nazarova. "Commenting and compiling medical literature in the Byzantine period of Late Antiquity and Early Middle Ages". Memoirs of NovSU, n.º 4 (2023): 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.34680/2411-7951.2023.4(49).347-351.
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The transmission of medical knowledge played an important role in the history of medicine. Historically, the first medical texts were created in ancient Greek and Latin. The article examines the ways in which medical knowledge recorded in primary sources, mainly the works of Hippocrates and Galen, was further spread in subsequent epochs and beyond the geographical boundaries of its origin, namely, commenting and compiling. These methods were used everywhere in Europe, Asia, and the Middle East, but the authors limit their consideration mainly to Byzantium. A brief overview of the development of medicine in Byzantium is given, and the history of the comprehension and transmission of medical knowledge through commenting and compiling is considered. The authors concern the role and significance of some outstanding Greek commentators and compilers of medical literature, whose names have been preserved in the history of medicine. The role of Byzantium as an important link in the global progress of medicine is substantiated.
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Vlassopoulos, Kostas. "Greek history". Greece and Rome 70, n.º 1 (7 de março de 2023): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383522000286.
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I commence this review with a number of important works in Greek social history. As I commented in my last review for this journal, the study of labour is among the biggest holes in current research in Greek history. An important contribution towards filling this gap is the Cultural History of Work in Antiquity, edited by Ephraim Lytle. The volume gives an excellent overview of how work is represented and discussed in both literary and archaeological sources; at the same time, it situates work and workers within four important contexts: the structures of ancient economies and the level of trade and specialization determined demand in urban and rural labour; the changing form of workplaces determined the division of labour among workers; different forms of work developed highly divergent workplace cultures; finally, practices and organizations for the transmission of skills and knowledge were of critical importance. Work and workers are then placed within wider contexts: chapters explore the role of mobility in ancient labour markets, and how political communities and attitudes about different forms of work affected workers. Finally, work is profitably juxtaposed to leisure practices and ideas. Perhaps the strongest point of most chapters is their attention to regional diversity and historical change: the volume sets the groundwork for ultimately producing a dynamic narrative of the history of work in antiquity.
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Barka, Panajot. "Voskopoja and Ioannina, two advanced centers of the European Enlightenment in the Ottoman West". Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 13, n.º 3 (18 de março de 2022): 68–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ccs.v13.i3.7899.
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This paper considers the impact of Enlightenment ideals before and during the Movement of the New Greek National Ideology during the 17th to 19th centuries. It is about Ioannina and Voskopoja, located today respectively in northwestern Greece and in southeastern Albania. In both centers, education was central to the spread of Western Enlightenment values, and attempts to communicate across the languages of the region were the main key. Voskopoja is a typical case of the flourishing of Enlightenment values in the service of economic and cultural development. With its defining basis of Hellenic culture, and its emphasis on secular knowledge, the purpose of education was ‘enlightening’ the hearts and minds of the Balkan peoples, seen as the only way to overthrow the Ottoman Empire. The ideological platform promoted in Ioannina, and on behalf of Greek nationalism, served as the basis for the platform of the Albanian national ideology.
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MATSYUK, Halyna. "Names of new saints of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic church and commemorative discourse". Culture of the Word, n.º 96 (2022): 52–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.37919/0201-419x.2022.96.4.
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The article discusses the names of new saints of the UGCC (hagioanthroponyms) as markers of the collective memory of modern society regarding the events of the past, namely the rejection of Russian (in the 19th century) and Soviet (in the 20th century) ideologies in the religious life of Ukrainian Greek Catholics. From the theoretical perspective, the analysis is premised on the ideas and provisions of onomastics regarding the semiotic nature of proper names and their functions of accumulation and translation of the religious sphere, of sociolinguistics regarding the interaction of language and the Church, as well as lexicology regarding the systematisation of units into thematic groups. The papers on religious studies, the history of the Church, the history of totalitarianism in the USSR and the historical memory of socio-cultural knowledge provided the context for the transformation of one of the spheres of collective memory into the linguistic categories of «hagioanthroponyms», «nominative productivity» and «thematic group». The sources of the analysis included the texts of religious and secular discourse, thematically related to the life and activities of the martyrs for the Faith, and the works of the event participants. The units of analysis, namely hagioanthroponyms, have denotations of the divine-spiritual sphere as the object of nomination. The research of the problem was provided by applied correlative and biographical methods, the method of sociolinguistic interpretation, and elements of discourse analysis. They helped to follow the process of creating nominations derived from hagioanthroponyms in modern religious and secular discourse and to determine that they contain formal and substantive components of knowledge about the past. Derivative units create thematic groups «names of prayers», «names of Akathist’s», «names of icons and other sacred images», «names of sacred places of prayer», «names of educational institutions», «names of films» and related to information about the forced conversion to Orthodoxy of Ukrainian Greek Catholics in the Russian Empire and the USSR. The analysis results are relevant for onomastics, sociolinguistics, lexicology and stylistics.
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Jansari, Sushma. "From Geography to Paradoxography: the use, transmission and survival of Megasthenes’ Indica". Journal of Ancient History 8, n.º 1 (26 de maio de 2020): 26–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jah-2019-0013.
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AbstractMegasthenes was the first Greek ambassador known to have been sent to the court of a Mauryan ruler. He wrote an Indica based on his travels and experiences in India, which survives in fragmentary form in the work of later authors. This was the first work to provide a Greek audience with first-hand knowledge of the Indian interior and Mauryan court. Traditionally, Megasthenes’ Indica has been excavated for information to reconstruct knowledge of Mauryan India, Seleucid-Mauryan relations or other aspects of this period and the personalities involved, either by focusing on individual fragments or collating fragments thematically. In contrast, instead of treating Megasthenes’ work as a mine for information, I evaluate the remaining fragments chronologically, and according to the type and range of information derived from Megasthenes. The aim is to better understand the thematic differences and chronological changes in the way later authors consulted and used the Indica, and therefore, why certain parts of the Indica, and information about Megasthenes himself, have survived.
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Kurmanbayev, K., e D. Sikhimbayeva. "THE CONCEPT OF KNOWLEDGE IN ISLAM AND ITS ROLE IN MUSLIM CIVILIZATION". Adam alemi 89, n.º 3 (26 de setembro de 2021): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.48010/2021.3/1999-5849.12.
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The article examines the original meaning, the transformation of the concept of education in Islam and its role in the development of science and education in the Muslim civilization. Any concept or term undergoes semantic changes depending on ideological, cultural, social and other conditions in different historical periods. This applies both to the concept of education in Islam and its place in civilization. The concept of knowledge in the tribal Arab culture with limited literacy acquires a new meaning with the advent of Islam, makes a huge contribution to the theoretical definition of the systemic concept of religious and secular education and the development of scientific knowledge. Based on fundamental works on the history of education and science, the role of the concept of education in the development of the Islamic religion and Muslim civilization is evaluated. The main historical factors of accumulation, systematization and development of knowledge in the Muslim civilization are also analyzed. In particular, the ancient Greek, Indian and Persian cultures were included in the Muslim civilization, which contributed to its intellectual enrichment. The prerequisites for the increasing development of education and science in the era of the "golden age" in Islam are analyzed, the place of ancient Greek science in the Muslim civilization, which is the core of modern scientific knowledge, is assessed.
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Doolotkeldieva, Asel. "Madrasa-based Religious Learning: Between Secular State and Competing Fellowships in Kyrgyzstan". Central Asian Affairs 7, n.º 3 (22 de setembro de 2020): 211–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/22142290-bja10010.
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Abstract Kyrgyzstan has experienced a rapid and diverse expansion of religious educational offerings in the past two decades and presents a fascinating regional case study of the development of Islamic education. Based on a rich ethnographic study, this article explores recently developed processes by which madrasa-based knowledge is established and transmitted. In revealing these processes, the article draws attention to political struggles for control over the transmission of religious knowledge between state and non-state actors on the one hand, and religious actors on the other. It further delves into the material and spiritual world of madrasas as perceived by students motivated to gain education and their families. In the final section, it uncovers how different madrasas use religious education, under the varied concept of ‘service to community’, to establish and maintain networks of graduates, which are necessary to the further rooting of Islamic fellowships into society, politics and the economy.
Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Transmission of secular Greek knowledge"
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Chu, Minqi. "Culture laïque dans un espace provincial byzantin : production et transmission des livres manuscrits et du savoir profanes grecs en Italie méridionale (Xe-XIe siècle)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUL046.
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La transmission du savoir laïque, en particulier celui hérité de l'Antiquité, était dynamique à Constantinople durant l'époque macédonienne. Cependant, cette effervescence intellectuelle ne semble pas avoir eu le même écho dans les espaces provinciaux, tel que l'Italie méridionale hellénophone (à l'exception de la Terre d'Otrante). Le faible nombre de manuscrits grecs profanes, produits et diffusés dans cette province durant les Xe et XIe siècles, témoigne de cette situation. Malgré leur quantité limitée, ce corpus de manuscrits grecs présente une diversité thématique riche, comprenant des œuvres de grammaire, de rhétorique, de lexicographie, de calcul, de droit civil, de médecine, ainsi que de littérature et de philosophie antiques. L'examen approfondi de chaque manuscrit de ce corpus, au prisme de la méthode « stratigraphique » qui intègre les données paléographiques, codicologiques et philologiques, nous permet d'établir un portrait aussi complet que possible de leur production et diffusion locales entre le Xe siècle et le XIe siècle. Ce travail révèle comment ces livre-manuscrits et ces connaissances séculières s'intégraient et étaient utilisées au sein de la société locale, dévoilant ainsi un pan souvent occulté par les sources historiques. En outre, la comparaison de ce corpus profane byzantin avec celui de l'ère normando-souabe illustre la pérennité de l'héritage byzantin local tout en soulignant l'apparition de nouveautés caractéristiques de la période normando-souabeThe transmission of secular knowledge, particularly that inherited from antiquity, was dynamic in Constantinople during the Macedonian era. However, this intellectual effervescence did not seem to have the same echo in provincial areas such as Hellenic-speaking southern Italy (with the exception of Terra d'Otranto). The small number of secular Greek manuscripts produced and circulated in this peripherical province in the 10th and 11th centuries prior to the Norman Conquest bears witness to this situation. Despite its limited quantity, the corpus of local secular Greek manuscripts presents a rich thematic diversity, including works of grammar, rhetoric, lexicography, scientific calculation, civil law, medicine, as well as ancient literature and philosophy. The in-depth examination of each manuscript in this corpus, through the prism of the “stratigraphic” method that integrates paleographical, codicological and philological data, enables us to establish as complete a picture as possible of their local production and circulation between the 10th century and the first half of the 11th century. This work reveals how these book manuscripts and secular knowledge were integrated and used within local society, revealing an aspect often obscured by historical sources. Furthermore, the comparison of this Byzantine secular corpus with that of the Norman-Swabian era illustrates the durability of the local Byzantine heritage, while highlighting the appearance of novelties characteristic of the Norman-Swabian period within local secular culture
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Totelin, Laurence M. V. "Hippocratic recipes : oral and written transmission of pharmacological knowledge in fifth- and fourth-century Greece /". Leiden : Brill, 2009. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=9789004171541.
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Pendarias, Laurent. "La mètis, intelligence de l'incertitude". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE3079.
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La thèse démontre que la rationalité est multiple ne se limite pas en particulier à la rationalité instrumentale. Les Humains affrontent l’incertitude depuis l’Antiquité. Depuis la phronésis aristotélicienne aux stratégies de la Harvard Business School, en passant par la virtù machiavélienne, nous avons développé de nombreuses stratégies pour combattre l’inconnu. Nous analysons et questionnons l’intuition dans la prise de décision, le mot « intuition » recouvrant un phénomène cognitif complexe. La thèse reprend le concept de tacit knowledge développé par le philosophe américain Polanyi et son analyse par le japonais Nonaka.Pour renouveler le débat, j’utilise les études de l’anthropologie française notamment celles de Détienne et Vernant concernant la mètis des Grecs, l’intelligence rusée (que Polanyi classerait en tacit knowledge). Sur cette base, la thèse reconstruit les problématiques classiques : comment science se fait ? comment innover ? comment partager le savoir tacit ? etc.Enfin, la thèse a découvert que la mètis des Grecs ne s’enseignait pas de manière explicite mais par le biais d’histoires (ou storytelling pour les Américains). On peut donc enseigner des savoirs tacites avec des livresMy thesis is as follows : rationality is not limited to instrumental rationality. Humans have been facing uncertainty since the Antiquity. From Aristotle's prudence to the Harvard Business School's strategies, without forgetting Machiavelli's virtù, we thought up behaviours to fight the unknown. Nowadays we study intuitive decision making. My thesis reuses the American philosopher Polanyi's concept of "tacit knowledge" and its analysis by the Japanese Nonaka.To renew the debate I am relying on the studies of French anthropology and notably the studies of Detienne and Vernant regarding the Greek mètis, the cunning intelligence (which is a sort of tacit knowledge, Polanyi would say). On this basis the thesis is rebuilding classical problems ; how is science made ? how to innovate ? how does tacit knowledge spread ? etc.Then, the thesis discovered that the Greek mètis is not taught explicitly but through stories (Americans would call it "storytelling"). We can teach tacit knowledge through books
Livros sobre o assunto "Transmission of secular Greek knowledge"
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Villaça-Bergeron, Maud. Shakespeare et la transmission des classiques grecs: Influences de la mythographie et de la tragédie attique dans Hamlet, Macbeth et King Lear de William Shakespeare. Villeneuve d'Ascq: ANRT. Atelier national de reproduction des thèses, 2012.
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Corbett, George. Dante and Epicurus: A Dualistic Vision of Secular and Spiritual Fulfilment. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
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Corbett, George. Dante and Epicurus: A Dualistic Vision of Secular and Spiritual Fulfilment. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
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Dante and Epicurus: A Dualistic Vision of Secular and Spiritual Fulfilment. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.
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Dante and Epicurus: A Dualistic Vision of Secular and Spiritual Fulfilment. London: Taylor and Francis, 2017.
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Hippocratic recipes: Oral and written transmission of pharmacological knowledge in fifth- and fourth-century Greece. Leiden: Brill, 2008.
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Totelin, Laurence M. V. Hippocratic Recipes: Oral and Written Transmission of Pharmacological Knowledge in Fifth-and Fourth-Century Greece. Ebsco Publishing, 2009.
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Totelin, Laurence M. V. Technologies of Knowledge. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935390.013.94.
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This article presents an overview of the main questions in the history of Greek and Roman pharmacology and botany. It presents the actors in the transmission of pharmacological and botanical knowledge in antiquity and discusses how they established their authority through claims to expertise and effective treatments. It shows that much of that transmission occurred orally, and that attitudes toward the written word in general, and recipes in particular, were ambivalent. Next the article examines the question of efficacy from a cross-cultural and anthropological point of view. It notes that the notion of efficacy is culturally bound and asks whether it is possible to use ancient texts for bioprospecting, that is, to find “new” remedies. It calls for more collaborative studies involving historians, scientific archaeologists, and (ethno)-pharmacists.
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Lesher, J. H. The Humanizing of Knowledge in Presocratic Thought. Editado por Patricia Curd e Daniel W. Graham. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195146875.003.0018.
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This article explores Presocratic epistemology, arguing that divine revelation is replaced as a warrant for knowledge with naturalistic accounts of how and what we humans can know; thus replacing earlier Greek pessimism about knowledge with a more optimistic outlook that allows for human discovery of the truth. A review of the relevant fragments and testimonia shows that Xenophanes, Alcmaeon, Heraclitus, and Parmenides—even Pythagoras and Empedocles—all moved some distance away from the older “god-oriented” view of knowledge toward a more secular and optimistic outlook. But to get some sense of the dynamics at work in this transition this article begins, as virtually every account of early Greek thought must begin, with Homer and Hesiod.
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Micle, Maria, e Gheorghe Clitan, eds. Innovative Instruments for Community Development in Communication and Education. Trivent Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22618/tp.pcms.20216.
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The multiple facets of this volume belong to five large themes. The first theme, that of persuasion and manipulation, is studied here through electoral campaigns (i.e., mental filters used in voting manipulation, the mechanisms of vote mobilisation, manipulation and storytelling models). The institutionalization of education represents the second theme, approached here through specific interdisciplinary instruments: the intersection of higher education with public learning, the answers of the knowledge society to the issues of contemporary work problems, the institutional relationships used to solve educational problems specific to childhood and adolescence, as well as the role of media competencies in professional development. The third theme is related to the inheritance and transmission of cultural identity, instrumentalized through issues such as: the duty of intergenerational justice with regard to cultural heritage, education and vocational training in library science, the social inclusion role of public and digital libraries. The collective and cultural identity of communities represents the fourth large theme, being approached through a triple perspective: the philosophical background of restoring the political dignity of communities, the communication space as a point of a needle towards the community space, and the communicational issue of the European capital of culture programmes. Lastly, the fifth theme belongs to practical and applied philosophy, specifically philosophical counselling, debating issues such as: the identification of the communicational background for this type of counselling, the secular approach to the problem of evil from a philosophical counselling perspective, the discussion of Platon’s attitude towards suicide and of frank speech in the Epicurean school, the socio-anthropological perspective of immortality, as well as the formal approach of the relationship between real and imaginary.
Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Transmission of secular Greek knowledge"
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Chrysostomos e Patapios. "The Greek Fathers and Secular Knowledge". In The Sculptor and his Stone, 53–65. The Lutterworth Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1p5f22r.8.
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Shavit, Yaacov. "‘Greek Wisdom’ as Secular Knowledge and Science". In Athens in Jerusalem, traduzido por Chaya Naor e Niki Werner, 79–118. Liverpool University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781874774259.003.0005.
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This chapter focuses on how ‘Greek wisdom’ is treated in Jewish culture. It shows that the term ‘Greek wisdom’ had a long history, and the maskilim (men of letters and thinkers) turned to it to seek support and legitimization for their views in the Jewish intellectual tradition. The term ‘wisdom’ was the main — perhaps even the only positive signal with which the Jews marked part of the Greek-Hellenistic culture, and the one with the longest and most consecutive history; it was generally identified with Greek wisdom. It meant the heritage and legacy of classical antiquity and Hellenism in philosophy, sciences, and the arts; it also symbolized a lost Jewish heritage and the proper relationship between the Jewish world and the world of the Gentiles. Moreover, wisdom became a multipurpose and multivalent concept that in the intellectual utopia of the maskilim was intended to serve as a bridge and intermediary between the Jewish intellectual tradition and the outside world.
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"5. Horizontal Transmission: Cooking Shows, Friends, and Other Sources of Knowledge". In Secrets from the Greek Kitchen, 127–51. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520959309-009.
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Cesario, Marilina, e Hugh Magennis. "Introduction". In Aspects of knowledge, 1–20. Manchester University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9780719097843.003.0001.
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The Introduction begins by placing the present volume in the context of previous and current work on the subject of medieval knowledge. It goes on to give an outline of medieval perspectives on the meaning, value and transmission of knowledge, noting the influence of classical authors and tracing the development of ideas about knowledge through the writings of key Christian thinkers. Isidore of Seville is identified as the key influence of the medieval encyclopaedic tradition and particular attention is paid to the authoritative work of Augustine, Bede and Aquinas. The introduction relates aspects of these medieval perspectives to specific chapters of the book and also highlights the relationship between religious and secular traditions. It ends with a succinct outline of each chapter.
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Karpat, Kemal H. "Knowledge, Press, and the Popularization of Islamism". In The Politicization of Islam, 117–35. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195136180.003.0006.
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Abstract After the 1860s, the burgeoning press and the proliferation of published books helped disseminate knowledge, they also played a crucial role in both the rapid spread of Islamism and in its internalization by the middle and lower classes. Direct access to and a near monopoly of new and more diverse sources of knowledge allowed the intellectual strata of the middle classes to carve out a uniquely effective position of power and influence.1 Students of Muslim intellectual history agree that the bulk of knowledge in traditional Islamic society, being religious, was mastered by the religious establishment, and that “struck right at the heart of person-to-person transmission of [Islamic] knowledge.”2 According to this theory, then, use of the printed word and the spread of secular knowledge broke the monopoly of the ulema.
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"6. Ancient Greek Patterns of Knowledge Transmission and their Continuity in Gnostic Esotericism". In Sharing and Hiding Religious Knowledge in Early Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, 121–44. De Gruyter, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110596601-007.
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Pàmias, Jordi. "The Origins of Mythography as a Genre". In The Oxford Handbook of Greek and Roman Mythography, 29—C2.P256. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190648312.013.3.
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Abstract This chapter provides an overview of the origins and early development of mythography in late archaic and classical Greece. A particular form of the reception of myth, mythographical collections are one of the results of the rapid spread of alphabetic writing, particularly from the 6th century bce onward. The chapter argues that even though the words mythography and mythographer are not attested until much later, these authors were in possession of a category comparable to our “myth” understood as a type of account that belongs to a heritage from which they are separated by a gap, onto which they can cast an objective gaze. Indeed, writing was a necessary instrument for encouraging a new attitude towards tradition. And the use of written prose had lasting effects. Critical intertextuality, a text that responds dialectically to preexisting texts, is consolidated with the transcription of myths by the early mythographers. Their writings respond to the tradition since they place the canonical texts of ancient poetry on the same level as the opinion of a ordinary private individual, who expresses himself in simple, secular prose. Unlike oral transmission, which is more restricted and more suitable for the elites to be able to exercise control over the spread of information, dissemination in writing guarantees a mass circulation of the text that is less controlled and more “democratic.”
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Degórski, Bazyli. "Kultura i filozofia pogańska w myśli łacińskich Ojców Kościoła". In Kościół a kultura, 91–128. Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15633/9788363241964.04.
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It is not easy to talk about the attitude of the Church Fathers toward pagan culture and philosophy when we divide them into Latin and Greek, as this is an artificial division. Both of these linguistic and cultural zones shared the same view of the culture and philosophy of the time and drew abundantly from it. There are also close links between the Eastern and Western Fathers; without the one, it is impossible to comprehend the arguments of the other. However, having the task of presenting the thinking of the Latin Fathers alone, we have tried to do so, as far as possible, without making unnecessary and misleading “vivisection.” Some theologians, albeit few (e.g., Tertullian), entirely opposed Hellenistic culture. However, most Latin Fathers (and Greek Fathers) regarded philosophy as a propaedeutic tool for exploring and proclaiming the Christian faith. A great example of the Latin Fathers’ positive approach to secular science and culture was Cassiodorus, who believed there was a close connection between secular knowledge and theology. The secular sciences and pagan wisdom are closely connected to Scripture, which is the source of it. Secular wisdom, therefore, should serve Christian truth. Cyprian of Carthage, Lactantius, Marius Victorinus, Hilary of Poitiers, Ambrose, Optatus of Mileva, Jerome, Augustine, and many others were great experts in secular culture and used it in theology. The view that the entire early Church was permeated by philosophy, except for a few caveats, is not tenable. Prominent theologians made use of their classical training. From the fourth to the seventh century, philosophical concepts were vital for the development of Trinitarian theology and Christology. From this time onwards, the debates of the theologians and the great councils of that period revolved around purely philosophical words and formulas taken from the culture and philosophy of the time. Contemporary studies of early Christian philosophy need to explore the relationship between philosophy and Christianity as a phenomenon of mutual influence in the context of the many connections with the entire ancient world.
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"Greek Medicine and Babylonian Wisdom: Circulation of Knowledge and Channels of Transmission in the Archaic and Classical Periods". In Magic and Rationality in Ancient Near Eastern and Graeco-Roman Medicine, 175–85. BRILL, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789047414315_010.
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Stone, Michael E. "Armenian". In A Guide to Early Jewish Texts and Traditions in Christian Transmission, 139–64. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190863074.003.0008.
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This chapter presents the Jewish Old Testament apocryphal tradition that was transmitted in Armenian and other such works, created in Armenian drawing on biblical and apocryphal tradition. The Jewish works were translated from Greek and Syriac, and the question of Armenian knowledge of Hebrew is discussed. The works attributed to “Books” and “Secret Books of the Jews” are discussed, as well as Canon Lists. Well-known pseudepigrapha are presented, including Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs, Joseph and Asenath, 4 Ezra, Life of Adam and Eve, Vitae Prophetarum and other such writings. Embroidered Bible writings, typical of the Armenian tradition, are considered, and the scholarly elaborations on lists of questions, genealogy, and objects or events are examined.