Livros: "Transients events"

1

Dusek, Daniel P. Ocean mixed layer biological response to transient ocean events. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1997.

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2

Ribeiro, Deivid. Observations of Transient Events with Very-High-Energy Gamma-Ray Telescopes. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2022.

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3

Osborne, William Dale. NPSNET: An accurate low-cost technique for real-time display of transient events : vehicle collisions, explosions and terrain modifications. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1991.

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4

D, Bechtel R., e Ames Research Center, eds. A fast data acquisition system for the study of transient events by high repetition rate time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Moffett Field, Calif: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, 1987.

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5

Oesterreich, Mark H. Transient response analysis of the 72 Inch TAC-4 ruggedized shipboard rack subjected to an underwater explosion event. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1998.

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6

G, Choi, Iyer Ravishankar K e United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Division., eds. Analog-digital simulation of transient-induced logic errors and upset susceptibility of an advanced control system. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Division, 1990.

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7

G, Choi, Iyer Ravishankar K e United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Division., eds. Analog-digital simulation of transient-induced logic errors and upset susceptibility of an advanced control system. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Division, 1990.

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8

G, Choi, Iyer R. K e United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Division., eds. Analog-digital simulation of transient-induced logic errors and upset susceptibility of an advanced control system. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Division, 1990.

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9

Carreno, Victor A. Analog-digital simulation of transient-induced logic errors and upset susceptibility of an advanced control system. Hampton, Va: Langley Research Center, 1990.

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10

Sawaya-Lacoste, Huguette. Proceedings of SOHO-13: Waves, oscillations and small-scale transient events in the solar atmosphere : a joint view from SOHO and TRACE, 29 September - 3 October 2003, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain. Noordwijk, the Netherlands: ESA Publication Division, 2004.

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11

Uncertainty, Risk and Transient Pollution Events. IWA Publishing, 1996.

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12

Khbeiz, Bilal. Globalization and the Manufacture of Transient Events. Lebanese Association for plastic arts, 2003.

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13

Modeling Single-Event Transients in Complex Digital Systems. Storming Media, 2002.

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14

Ocean Mixed Layer Biological Response to Transient Ocean Events. Storming Media, 1997.

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15

Herron, John R. Direct-sampling optical techniques for the study of transient combustion events. 1989.

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16

Herron, John R. Direct-sampling optical techniques for the study of transient combustion events. 1989.

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17

Canevaro, Lilah Grace. Beyond the Veil. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198826309.003.0005.

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Chapter 4 returns to the theme of Homeric poems are shown to reflect on the limitations of objects; how the memories encased in objects are presented as transient; how this transience has a gendered aspect; and how objects as commemorators are consistently presented by the poet as inferior to the medium of poetry. This chapter then offers a way in which objects might be able to mitigate their limitations: through entanglement with immortality, with the divinememory, beginning this time with its limitations. It explores subversions, suppressions, and perversions of memory, and pushes mortal and material memory to their limits. The. And yet not even the immortals feel secure in the longevity of their objects.

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18

Quinn, Claire. Impacts of process upsets and transient water quality events on UV disinfection performance at Ontario water treatment facilities. 2004.

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19

Bouchard, Frédéric. Symbiosis, Transient Biological Individuality, and Evolutionary Processes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779636.003.0009.

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Whereas individual organisms have acted as the paradigm case to make us think about biological individuality, multi-organism assemblages such as colonies and communities force us to reconsider how biological individuality can emerge. Symbiosis research has given philosophers of biology tools for rethinking the nature of biological individuality. This chapter discusses how the adaptations linked to symbiotic communities highlight a new research dilemma: should we think of a biological ontology focused on individuals and their traits (even if this means positing non-orthodox individuals with non-standard properties)? Or should we move beyond individuals and focus instead on intersecting evolutionary processes? While reasons are offered to favour the former option, it is explained why this dilemma highlights the question of the different temporal scales at which evolution occurs and how this forces us to consider the transient and intermittent biological individuals generated by evolution, as well as the significance of the processes that generate them.

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20

Transient Response Analysis of the 72 Inch TAC-4 Ruggedized Shipboard Rack Subjected to an Underwater Explosion Event. Storming Media, 1998.

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21

Wexler, Mark. High Phi and Ghost Phi. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0083.

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When a moving stimulus is followed by certain transient events, an illusion of very fast motion is perceived, in which a random texture undergoes a slow rotation, but every second most observers perceive a very fast jump in the direction opposite to the preceding or “inducing” rotation. These jumps are illusory: during the perceived jump, every frame is a new, random texture, uncorrelated with the previous textures; the last of these random textures is set to turning once again, and the sequence repeats. Thus there is there is no specific correspondence between the textures before, during, and after the jumps and no motion energy corresponding to the jumps. These illusory jumps are called “high phi.” If the transient is immediately “undone,” a different kind of illusory motion is perceived, called “ghost phi.” This example shows a study of the effects of motion adaptation.

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22

Hart, Yvonne. Epilepsy. Editado por Patrick Davey e David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0226.

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Epilepsy is defined as the tendency to recurrent unprovoked seizures, while a seizure can be defined as a transient excessive discharge of nerve cells within the brain, causing an event which is discernible to the person experiencing the seizure or to an observer. The term ‘epilepsy’ excludes provoked seizures, such as febrile seizures.

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23

Reimers, Jesper I. Interleukin-1[beta] induced transient diabetes mellitus in rats: A model of the initial events in the pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus? København, 1998.

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24

Rajeev, S. G. Instabilities. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805021.003.0008.

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The most well-known of the many instabilities of a fluid is the Rayleigh–Taylor instability. A denser fluid sitting on top of a lighter fluid is in unstable equilibrium, much like a pendulum standing on its head. Kapitza showed that rapidly oscillating the point of support of a pendulum can counteract this instability. The Rayleigh–Taylor instability can also be inhibited by shaking the two fluid layers rapidly. The Orr–Sommerfeld equations are a linear model of instabilities of a steady solution of Navier-Stokes. The Orr–Sommerfeld operator is not normal (does not commute with its adjoint). This means that there are transients (solutions that grow large before dying out) even if the linear equations predict stability. A simple nonlinear model with transients due to Trefethen et al. is studied to gain intuition into fluid instabilities.

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25

SOHO 13 : Waves, escillations and small-scale transient events in the solar atmosphere: a joint view from SOHO and TRACE (September 2003) [electronic resource]. Noordwijk : European Space Agency, 2003, 2003.

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26

Walsh, Bruce, e Michael Lynch. Short-term Changes in the Mean: 3. Permanent Versus Transient Response. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830870.003.0015.

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In a variety of settings—additive epistasis in a diploid, dominance in an autotetraploids, shared environmental effects (such as epigenetic contributions), maternal effects, and dominance under inbreeding—the response in the mean has both a permanent and a transient component. The latter arises because selection perturbs the population distribution of genotypes away from their Hardy-Weinberg values. Upon the cessation of selection, any change in allele frequencies remains, but any additional changes due to departures from Hardy-Weinberg decay away. The result is that, even in the presence of these transient components, the breeder's equation often accurately predicts the amount of permanent response.

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27

Kam, Julia W. Y., e Todd C. Handy. Electrophysiological Evidence for Attentional Decoupling during Mind-Wandering. Editado por Kalina Christoff e Kieran C. R. Fox. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464745.013.13.

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The tendency to disengage from the immediate environment and to wander off to another time and place is a unique characteristic of the human mind. While much research has focused on the neural origins of such mind-wandering experience, less understood is the mechanism by which the mind facilitates task-unrelated thoughts. This chapter presents electrophysiological evidence demonstrating a widespread attenuation of numerous cognitive responses to external events during mind-wandering, suggesting that this transient modulation of the depth of the cognitive investment in external events may be one potential mechanism in which the mind facilitates these task-unrelated thoughts. The chapter also highlights the utility of resting-state and intracranial EEG as valuable methodology in illuminating the neural mechanisms underlying these internally directed mental experiences.

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28

Bäumer, Dirk. Seizures. Editado por Patrick Davey e David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0042.

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Seizures are transient neurological events caused by abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. This can arise from a localized brain region, causing focal seizures, or simultaneously from both hemispheres, leading to generalized seizures. Epilepsy is the tendency to develop recurrent seizures and is usually diagnosed after two or more unprovoked seizures. This chapter covers simple partial seizures (sometimes called aura), complex partial seizures, and focal (or partial) seizures, their differential diagnosis, context, approach to diagnosis, key diagnostic tests, therapy, and prognosis, as well as dealing with uncertainty in a diagnosis.

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29

Drane, Daniel L., e Dona E. C. Locke. Mechanisms of Possible Neurocognitive Dysfunction. Editado por Barbara A. Dworetzky e Gaston C. Baslet. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190265045.003.0005.

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This chapter covers what is known about the possible mechanisms of neurocognitive dysfunction in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES). It begins with a review of all research examining possible cognitive deficits in this population. Cognitive research in PNES is often obscured by noise created by a host of comorbid conditions (e.g., depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, chronic pain) and associated issues (e.g., effects of medications and psychological processes that can compromise attention or broader cognition). More recent studies employing performance validity tests raise the possibility that studies finding broad cognitive problems in PNES may be highlighting a more transient phenomenon secondary to these comorbid or secondary factors. Such dysfunction would likely improve with successful management of PNES symptomatology, yet the effects of even transient variability likely compromises daily function until these issues are resolved. Future research must combine the use of neuropsychological testing, performance validity measures, psychological theory, neuroimaging analysis, and a thorough understanding of brain–behavior relationships to address whether there is a focal neuropathological syndrome associated with PNES.

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30

Benkel, Thorsten, Oliver Dimbath e Matthias Meitzler, eds. Sterblichkeit und Erinnerung. Rombach Wissenschaft – ein Verlag in der Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783968218557.

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Whoever speaks of memory must not remain silent about death. The preservation of knowledge, events and also sensations, etc. gains its importance precisely through the fundamental transience of human activity. The memory of the lifeworld of the deceased therefore does not provide authentic documentation, but is predetermined by socially handed-down concepts of remembering (or not remembering). Against this background, the contributions in this volume deal with the relationship between memory and reference to the past in the context of the tense interplay between mortality, death and society. With contributions by Thorsten Benkel, Ekkehard Coenen, Oliver Dimbath, Jan Ferdinand, Carsten Heinze, Nina Leonhard, Matthias Meitzler, Christoph Nienhaus, Melanie Pierburg, Sarah Peuten, Leonie Schmickler, Nico Wettmann and Laura Völkle.

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31

Zeppetella, Giovambattista. Clarifying the concept of breakthrough pain. Editado por Paul Farquhar-Smith, Pierre Beaulieu e Sian Jagger. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834359.003.0054.

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The 1990 publication ‘Breakthrough pain: Definition, prevalence and characteristics’ was the first to study to describe breakthrough pain as a discrete pain state. Using the definition that ‘breakthrough pain is a transient increase in the intensity of moderate or severe pain, occurring in the presence of well-established baseline pain’ the authors interviewed 90 cancer pain patients and identified 51 types of breakthrough pain; these varied widely with respect to severity, location, temporal characteristics, relationship to scheduled analgesia, precipitating events, predictability, pathophysiology, aetiology, and palliative factors. As a result of Portenoy and Hagen’s survey, breakthrough pain has been studied as a discrete pain state for almost 30 years, and recognized as an important clinical problem in its own right. An increasing number of published studies exist, with ongoing debate about the breakthrough pain definition, pain assessment, and pain management.

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32

Wright, A. G. Linear performance. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199565092.003.0009.

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This chapter is concerned with a single consideration: the degree of proportionality between a light signal and its resulting electrical output. This is formally referred to as linearity, which depends on the suitability of the chosen PMT and the mode of operation (pulsed or analogue). Applications fall into two groups: analogue operation (DC) and transient applications. Linearity in a pulsed mode of operation concerns both pulse height (charge) and the rate of events. Generally, in the DC mode, only the mean anode current is relevant. Methods for determining both forms of non-linearity are presented, based on actual measurements. Test methods using multiple light sources, bootstrapping, single step (piggyback), and shot noise are investigated. A method for uncovering non-linearity in high-Z scintillators by using coincident gamma emissions (60Co) is demonstrated. An analytical means for correcting results at the 1 % level is provided.

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33

Wendling, Fabrice, Marco Congendo e Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. EEG Analysis. Editado por Donald L. Schomer e Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228484.003.0044.

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This chapter addresses the analysis and quantification of electroencephalographic (EEG) and magnetoencephalographic (MEG) signals. Topics include characteristics of these signals and practical issues such as sampling, filtering, and artifact rejection. Basic concepts of analysis in time and frequency domains are presented, with attention to non-stationary signals focusing on time-frequency signal decomposition, analytic signal and Hilbert transform, wavelet transform, matching pursuit, blind source separation and independent component analysis, canonical correlation analysis, and empirical model decomposition. The behavior of these methods in denoising EEG signals is illustrated. Concepts of functional and effective connectivity are developed with emphasis on methods to estimate causality and phase and time delays using linear and nonlinear methods. Attention is given to Granger causality and methods inspired by this concept. A concrete example is provided to show how information processing methods can be combined in the detection and classification of transient events in EEG/MEG signals.

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34

Winyard, Paul. Human kidney development. Editado por Adrian Woolf. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0343.

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The kidneys perform diverse functions including excretion of nitrogenous waste products, homeostasis of water, electrolytes and acid–base balance, and hormone secretion. The simplest functional unit within the kidneys is the nephron, which consists of specialized segments from glomerulus, through proximal tubule, loop of Henle, and distal tubule. Human nephrogenesis starts with two stages of transient kidneys, termed the pronephros and mesonephros, and ends with development of a permanent organ from the metanephros on each side. The latter consists of just a few hundred cells when it is formed in the fifth week of pregnancy but progresses to a nephron endowment of between 0.6 to 1.3 million by the time nephrogenesis is completed at 32–36 weeks of gestation. Key events during this process include outgrowth of the epithelial ureteric bud from the mesonephric duct, interactions between the bud and the metanephric blastema (a specific region of mesenchyme) that cause the bud to branch and mesenchyme to condense, epithelialization of the mesenchyme to form proximal parts of the nephron, and differentiation of segment specific cells. Molecular control of these events is being unpicked with data from human genetic syndromes and animal models, and this chapter highlights several of the most important factors/systems involved. Increased understanding of development is not just relevant to congenital kidney malformations, but may also be important in designing rational therapies for diseases of the mature kidney where recapitulation of developmental pathways is common.

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35

Gross, Michael L. The Deaths of Combatants. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796176.003.0005.

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Although there are few restrictions on killing combatants, the contemporary law of war bans weapons that cause superfluous injury and unnecessary suffering. Because military necessity and humanitarian norms often conflict, no clear regulations have emerged. Instead, states sometimes ban weapons because they cause horrific wounds. But this determination is subjective and has led the Red Cross to seek objective medical guidelines on unnecessary suffering. A close look shows how it is often difficult to apply these guidelines to new non-lethal technologies, which include electromagnetic, pharmacological, and neurological weapons. These weapons do not cause obvious injury and suffering and may even reduce combatant and civilian injuries. Nevertheless, they can cause intense transient pain or impinge upon human dignity when they undermine cognitive capabilities. Weighing the costs of new technologies against their benefits remains an abiding challenge for humanitarian law.

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36

Bianchi, Thomas S. Deltas and Humans. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199764174.001.0001.

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Humans have had a long relationship with the ebb and flow of tides on river deltas around the world. The fertile soils of river deltas provided early human civilizations with a means of farming crops and obtaining seafood from the highly productive marshes and shallow coastal waters associated with deltas. However, this relationship has at times been both nurturing and tumultuous for the development of early civilizations. The vicissitudes of seasonal changes in river flooding events as well as frequently shifting deltaic soils made life for these early human settlements challenging. These natural transient processes that affect the supply of sediments to deltas today are in many ways very similar to what they have been over the millennia of human settlements. But something else has been altered in the natural rhythm of these cycles. The massive expansion of human populations around the world in both the lower and upper drainage basins of these large rivers have changed the manner in which sediments and water are delivered to deltas. Because of the high density of human populations found in these regions, humans have developed elaborate hydrological engineering schemes in an attempt to "tame" these deltas. The goal of this book is to provide information on the historical relationship between humans and deltas that will hopefully encourage immediate preparation for coastal management plans in response to the impending inundation of major cities, as a result of global change around the world.

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37

Turner, Neil. Exercise-related pseudonephritis. Editado por Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0049.

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Vigorous and prolonged physical exercise can produce a range of urinary abnormalities which would normally be considered alarming. They include haematuria, haemoglobinuria, the appearance in urine of red cells in urine, some fragmented in a ‘glomerular’ manner, red cell cast formation, and proteinuria. A variety of names have been given to these syndromes, including march haematuria and march haemoglobinuria. Mostly these changes seem benign and self-limiting. Rarely they are associated with acute kidney injury but this is often in the context of other renal insults, extreme dehydration, or hyperpyrexic conditions. Vigorous exercise is also commonly associated with various electrolyte changes related to both over- and under-hydration. These can complicate assessment. Transient proteinuria in the absence of haematuria appears to be a physiological response to even short-term exercise, its degree related to the intensity of the exercise. Causation of these syndromes is mixed and not fully explained. There is good evidence for physical trauma to red cells being a significant part, but this cannot explain the appearance of glomerular red cells and red cell casts. Exercise-related changes mostly resolve within less than a day, and almost all by 72 hours.

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38

Batsleer, Janet, e James Duggan. Young and Lonely. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447355342.001.0001.

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Young and Lonely The Social Conditions of Loneliness gathers evidence of young people’s experience of loneliness and connection from a youth co-produced research project and locates these within longstanding cultural and historical discussions of loneliness and solitude, friendship and belonging. The study explores loneliness and the experiences of connection/disconnection and inclusion/exclusion with a particular focus on the experience of loneliness in young lives and on how it is navigated when it is first encountered. It proposes that loneliness should not be considered only or even primarily as another psychological disorder or contagion, whilst recognising that severe loneliness may be an aspect of and connected to severe forms of psychological and emotional distress. The ways that young people encounter loneliness have resonance across the age spectrum and for questions of social organisation more generally. In three subsections, The social conditions of loneliness, The experience of loneliness, and Building friendship and connection, which focuses on the innovative critical and creative co-research used methods (which built on youth work practice) which enabled the conditions in which from the transient to the more enduring loneliness is experienced to be explored are explored. An accompanying attention to the range of methods of finding friendship and connection allows the complexity of young people’s experience to be foregrounded. The creative research methods used in the ‘Loneliness Connects Us’ collaborative research give a sense of some of the ways this sensitive topic might be approached and enhance understanding of friendship and solidarity.

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