Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Traitement de maintenance"
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Drouiche, Karim. "Quelques techniques du traitement du signal pour la maintenance prédictive /". Paris : Ecole nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36151649n.
Texto completo da fonteAlattass, Mohamed. "Maintenance des machines tournantes : signature de défauts d'engrenages droits et hélicoïdaux". Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0109.
Texto completo da fonteRotating machines deterioration, that are accidental (rupture of a component) or resulting from wears of mechanical elements, are in general very complex. The appearance of deterioration gives rise to a modification of the machine behaviour and especially a vibration level change. This work is a contribution to condition and monitoring and maintenance of gearbox. It consists in studying the effect of some defects by a statistical and morphological identification of the vibrations signals in different domains (time, frequency and wavelets domains). Those signals are collected on an industrial test rig. This work deals first with the experimental simulation of some faults existing on spur and helical gears, and the study of the effect of design and fabrication parameters contact ratio, tooth correction, …) or of the operating conditions (speed and torque) on the dynamic behavior (noise and vibration). Then, by the use of the statistical design procedure, a number of statistical parameters permitting to detect those faults are chosen. Finally, the identification of type of faults have been undertaken from the statistical study of wavelets coefficients
Saint-Voirin, David. "Contribution à la modélisation et à l'analyse des systèmes coopératifs : application à la e-maintenance". Besançon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BESA2058.
Texto completo da fonteThe different cooperation aspects are first analysed in the standard case and in the case of the use of a cooperative system. Based on these identified aspects, we propose a global methodology named \emph{S}coop. The first step in this one is to define a set of representative variables for cooperative systems. Then, elements of our concrete nomenclature allow representation of a cooperation architecture at a given time. Interactions are studied with the help of Petri nets, known for their ability to represent mutual exclusion. Each element of the concrete nomenclature is linked to a Petri net construction method. Created Petri nets are used to verify liveness of the interaction system. We also use them to simulate interaction. To realise this, we added stochastic dimension to these nets. Next steps of Scoop method allow formal definition of members knowledge and members behaviour. We use an XML formalism to represent knowledge and a PLOOM-UNITY formalism to describe behaviours. These definitions are used to construct a multi-agent simulator for cooperative systems. In this last, members may be instanciated using previously described formalism specification. We realised a set of experiments with this simulator, proving influence of qualitative parameters in cooperation process. The whole methodology is then used in a real study case. We modeled the PROTEUS project demonstrator step by step. Petri nets simulation and multi-agent simulation gave us results that lead us to propose an improvement of a system cooperation algorithm
Coudert, Thierry. "Apport des systèmes multi-agents pour la négociation en ordonnancement : application aux fonctions production et maintenance". Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT014G.
Texto completo da fonteBreneur, Claire. "Eléments de maintenance préventive de machines tournantes dans le cas de défauts combinés d'engrenages et de roulements". Lyon, INSA, 2002. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2002ISAL0096/these.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteMachinery used in industrial and transport domains have to be more and more efficient. So, the maintenance of such systems is very important. Interventions must only happen in presence of real damage, and the diagnostic must be reliable and easy to read. This work gave a new elements about the diagnostic of gears power transmissions in case of combined faults of gears and bearings. Gear and bearing faults have been artificially created on an experimental set-up. Transmission error and the bearings accelerations were measured for different operating conditions. Result analysis showed that accelerations envelope signal is an efficient tool for bearings diagnostic, for all operating conditions even in the presence of other defective mechanical components. Moreover, we showed that only accelerations measured in the vicinity of the defective bearing produce a significant pattern of fault presence. According to literature, accelerations analysis produce reliable information about gears health. Yet, we showed that such results are only valid in the case of bearings without any fault. In the presence of simultaneous bearing and gear faults, the transmission error appears as an useful tool giving supplementary information about the gear faults. The obtained results and the established indicators lead to an efficient diagnostic process applied on gear power transmission systems. Moreover, automation of maintenance preventive has been assessed, using neural networks, the used approaches seem to be efficient for the automation procedures, and provides a powerful tool for the optimisation of established indicators
Breneur, Claire Play Daniel. "Eléments de maintenance préventive de machines tournantes dans le cas de défauts combinés d'engrenages et de roulements". Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2004. http://csidoc.insa-lyon.fr/these/2002/breneur/index.html.
Texto completo da fonteVignon, Fabrice. "Intérêt et limites de l'utilisation des aéropolisseurs dans les soins de maintenance parodontale". Nancy 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN10465.
Texto completo da fonteBissila-Mapahou, Paul, e Danielle Verhulst. "Evolution de la parodontite de l'adulte en fonction du traitement et de la maintenance : étude radiographique rétrospective". Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05M153.
Texto completo da fonteCaironi, Cyrille. "Contribution à la maintenance prévisionnelle enligne des machines électriques tournantes par l'analyse des signaux liés aux phénomènes physiques s'y rapportant". Nancy 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NAN10145.
Texto completo da fonteThe aim of this research is the predictive maintenance of induction rotating machines. They are based on the knowledge of the physical behavior of the different parts of the machine. The first chapter presents the induction machine with theoretical models. The second chapter describes the classical tools on signal processing in a first part and two tools developed during the thesis : a scalar indicator based on a conditional windowing and a time-frequency distribution in narrow band. The chapter III presents a study on rotor cage default. We applied on this case the tools developed in the chapter II. The chapter deals with bearing defaults. It has the same structure as the chapter II. The chapter V deals with insulation and especially with the partial discharges. We present different types of filtering in time-frequency domain. We are suggesting a scalar indicator. An appendix focuses on different algorithms based on the research presented in the thesis
Canales, Angel. "Croissance cryptique en bioreacteur a membrane : application au traitement des eaux residuaires urbaines". Toulouse, INSA, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ISAT0013.
Texto completo da fonteTricoire, Fabien. "Optimisation de tournées de véhicules et de personnels de maintenance : application à la distribution et au traitement des eaux". Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00078905.
Texto completo da fonteporte sur le problème de tournées de service multi-périodes avec fenêtres de temps et flotte limitée. Nous proposons plusieurs méthodes de résolution approchées, ainsi qu'une méthode optimale. La méthode optimale est basée sur la génération de colonnes. Une des méthodes approchées est un algorithme mémétique basé sur une heuristique également développée dans cette thèse. Enfin, la méthode optimale est dérivée en méthode approchée par l'utilisation d'une heuristique pour la résolution du sous-problème.
Les algorithmes proposés permettent d'apporter des solutions efficaces à des problèmes comportant jusqu'à 300 clients, dans des temps variant de quelques secondes à quelques dizaines de minutes. Dans un second temps, nous appliquons ces méthodes à des scénarios issus de problématiques réelles, dans une logique d'aide à la décision.
Charif, Khalifi Moulay Hassan. "Étude et réalisation d'un module d'acquisition et de traitement d'images destiné à la maintenance assistée par ordinateur d'équipements électroniques". Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10257.
Texto completo da fonteCharif, Khalifi Moulay Hassan. "Etude et réalisation d'un module d'acquisition et de traitement d'images destiné à la maintenance assistée par ordinateur d'équipements électroniques". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376125384.
Texto completo da fonteDuminuco, Alessandro. "Redondance et maintenance des données dans les systèmes de sauvegarde de fichiers pair-à-pair". Phd thesis, Paris, Télécom ParisTech, 2009. https://pastel.hal.science/pastel-00005541.
Texto completo da fonteThe amount of digital data produced by users, such as photos, videos, and digital documents, has grown tremendously over the last decade. These data are very valuable and need to be backed up safely. The research community has shown an increasing interest in the use of peer-to-peer systems for file backup. The key property that makes peer-to-peer systems appealing is self-scaling, i. E. As more peers become part of the system the service capacity increases along with the service demand. The design of a peer-to-peer file backup system is a complex task and presents a considerable number of challenges. Peers can be intermittently connected or can fail at a rate that is considerably higher than in the case of centralized storage systems. Our interest focused particularly on how to efficiently provide reliable storage of data applying appropriate redundancy schemes and adopting the right mechanisms to maintain this redundancy. This task is not trivial since data maintenance in such systems may require significant resources in terms of storage space and communication bandwidth. Our contribution is twofold. First, we study erasure coding redundancy schemes able to combine the bandwidth efficiency of replication with the storage efficiency of classical erasure codes. In particular, we introduce and analyze two new classes of codes, namely Regenerating Codes and Hierarchical Codes. Second, we propose a proactive adaptive repair scheme, which combines the adaptiveness of reactive systems with the smooth bandwidth usage of proactive systems, generalizing the two existing approaches
Duminuco, Alessandro. "Redondance et maintenance des données dans les systèmes de sauvegarde de fichiers pair-à-pair". Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005541.
Texto completo da fonteLegha, Daniel. "Predictive maintenance and remote diagnosis for electro-mechanical drives of Very High Speed Trains". Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LAROS015.
Texto completo da fonteThe main objective of this research is to implement predictive and remote diagnosis solutions for the train’s accessibility systems, which are driven by direct current motors. And these systems are the Internal Doors, the Gap Filler, the Passengers’ Access Door, and the Lift. The research tackles multiple predictive maintenance and remote diagnosis equations, such as: Test of the belt tension, for all the types of Internal Doors. The good condition of the door open stopper, for all types of Internal Doors. Signature of proper operation of Internal Doors, using the Big Data recorded signals such as the motor current, motor voltage, door position, speed, position sensors, cycles’ timings, and other contextual information recorded on the subsystem. Signature of proper operation of Gap Filler, which has the same objectives as the signature of proper operation of Internal Doors...Regarding the academic side, the research aims to identify a set of selected failure modes based on the following signals: Motor current, Motor Voltage, Motor position, Motor speed, Position sensors, and contextual data such as the temperature, the cant/tilt... The research aims to study the signals intransient and non-transient regimes, with and without position sensors in some cases, with features engineering based on the time domain, the frequency domain, and time-frequency. Furthermore, the research tackles Machine Learning techniques for data/failure classification. The main objective is to work on signal-based techniques, and if possible, additional investigation will be done using model-based techniques
Casetti, Luana. "New roles of STAT5 factors in chronic myeloid leukemia cell maintenance". Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00924475.
Texto completo da fonteMaâroufi, Ghofrane. "Stratégies optimales de maintenance de systèmes multi-composants sujets à des défaillances aléatoires". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0278.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis focuses on the development, the evaluation and the optimization of new maintenance policies for multi-component systems. This approach is justified by the fact that contrarily to single component systems which have been extensively treated in the literature on maintenance strategies, multi-component systems with economic and stochastic dependence have been much less studied due to the difficulty in modeling such kind of dependence. In this context of studying multi-component systems maintenance, this thesis is made of three independent parts. The first part focuses on a particular type of equipment whose state can only be known following inspection. Such equipment made of two components in series is considered. A new nearly optimal condition based maintenance policy based on sequential inspections of both components is proposed. In the second part, we consider complex multi-component systems in which the components are subject to random local and/or propagated failures, with or without isolation effect. A selective maintenance strategy is applied to such systems. In the third and last part, the concept of multi-component systems is extended to manufacturing systems with multiple machines. In this context, this part focuses on the development of an integrated production-maintenance policy for a production system consisting of two machines in parallel in presence of a form of stochastic dependency between them
Maâroufi, Ghofrane. "Stratégies optimales de maintenance de systèmes multi-composants sujets à des défaillances aléatoires". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0278/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis focuses on the development, the evaluation and the optimization of new maintenance policies for multi-component systems. This approach is justified by the fact that contrarily to single component systems which have been extensively treated in the literature on maintenance strategies, multi-component systems with economic and stochastic dependence have been much less studied due to the difficulty in modeling such kind of dependence. In this context of studying multi-component systems maintenance, this thesis is made of three independent parts. The first part focuses on a particular type of equipment whose state can only be known following inspection. Such equipment made of two components in series is considered. A new nearly optimal condition based maintenance policy based on sequential inspections of both components is proposed. In the second part, we consider complex multi-component systems in which the components are subject to random local and/or propagated failures, with or without isolation effect. A selective maintenance strategy is applied to such systems. In the third and last part, the concept of multi-component systems is extended to manufacturing systems with multiple machines. In this context, this part focuses on the development of an integrated production-maintenance policy for a production system consisting of two machines in parallel in presence of a form of stochastic dependency between them
Basset, Michel. "Contribution à l'étude in-situ de vibrations mécaniques : applications au contrôle de procédé et à la maintenance conditionnelle". Mulhouse, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MULH0212.
Texto completo da fonteKhemis, Kamila. "Imagerie de fluorescence en cancérologie : spectroscopie, traitement du signal et gestion automatisée pour l'optimisation du diagnostic des tumeurs précoces". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1998_KHEMIS_K.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteTalbi, Soumeya. "Application spécifique d'aide à la maintenance sur un matériel roulant ferroviaire existant : conception et réalisation d'un système de communication minimal". Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112049.
Texto completo da fonteSoualhi, Abdenour. "Du diagnostic au pronostic de pannes des entraînements électriques". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10146/document.
Texto completo da fonteFaults diagnosis and prognosis of electrical drives play a key role in the reliability and safety of production tools especially in key sectors (military, aviation, aerospace and nuclear, etc.). The research presented in this thesis aims to introduce new methods for faults diagnosis and prognosis of an induction motors and roller bearings. These methods use measured data collected from sensors placed on the system (induction motor, roller) in order to construct a feature vector which indicates the state of the system. Supervised and unsupervised classification methods are developed to classify measurements (observations) described by the feature vector compared to known or unknown operating modes, with or without failures. Defects were created in the rotor and the bearing of the induction motor, fed by a voltage inverter. The unsupervised classification technique, based on artificial ant-clustering, allows analyzing the unknown and unexplored observations to highlight classes with similar observations. This allows improving the classification and the detection of new operating modes. The supervised classification, based on hidden Markov models, allows associating a degree of similarity when we affect an observation to one or more classes. This defines a reliability index which allows the detection of new operating modes. These methods are not limited to diagnose faults; they can also contribute to the prognosis of faults. Indeed, the prognosis can be defined as an extension of the problem of diagnosis. The prognosis of faults is carried out by three methods based on hidden Markov models for the detection of an impending failure and by two methods based on the neuro-fuzzy system (ANFIS for Adaptive Neuro fuzzy Inference System and the neo-fuzzy neuron) to estimate the remaining time before its appearance. A set of historical data collected on roller bearings is used to validate the proposed methods. The obtained results show the effectiveness of the proposed methods for faults diagnosis and prognosis of electrical drives
Asse, Abdallah. "Aide au diagnostic industriel par des méthodes basées sur la théorie des sous-ensembles flous". Valenciennes, 1985. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/c72e776b-0420-445e-bc8f-063e67804dad.
Texto completo da fonteOdeh, Khaled. "Nouveaux algorithmes pour le traitement probabiliste et logique des arbres de défaillance". Compiègne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995COMPD846.
Texto completo da fonteKandaroun, Rachid. "Le traitement des aspects interactifs dans l'analyse ergonomique du travail collectif et coopératif : application à l'étude d'activités de conduite et de maintenance d'un processus industriel complexe et dangereux". Paris 13, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA131015.
Texto completo da fonteThis research aims to consider the interrelation between "situations of action", "methodologies" and "conceptual frameworks" in ergonomics, and to answer the following question : how does the ergonomist, including the searcher, manage the constraints and resources of the situation and adjust his own conceptual and methodological frameworks to them. The thesis is based on the analysis of two working situations in a nuclear power plant: the operation activity and the preparation of instructions for materials, prior to and during the annually refuelling outage. This research also tries to prove that the ergonomist cannot avoid the flow of social interactions generated by the actors of the system to which he himself belongs; this is outlined in the ergonomic work analysis as well as in the operation activity at a more integrated level. The question results in a problematic still partly unregarded in ergonomics, i. E. The relationship between observation and analysis, in relation with the ergonomist's commitment. It seems that this epistemological question has to be considered in terms of the relation between ergonomic work analysis (ewa) for practice and ewa for knowledge-production. The contribution and limits of the conceptual and methodological tools usually used in ergonomics are discussed in the light of these two reference situations and the feasibility of importation and application of concepts from linguistic pragmatics is considered
Coquan, Elodie. "Évaluatiοns de nοuvelles mοdalités d'analyse des effets indésirables dans les essais cliniques : applicatiοn au cancer de l'οvaire". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMC412.
Texto completo da fonteIn oncology, assessing the treatments’ safety remains a challenge. The development of new therapies administered on a chronic basis implies that methods for analysing adverse events need to be adapted. A review of the literature on publications of randomised controlled trials evaluating maintenance treatment in ovarian cancer showed the heterogeneity of safety data reporting. In this meta-analysis, compared with control arms, experimental treatments were associated with an increased toxicity, including low-grade toxicity. We then created 4 toxicity scores including the cumulative aspect, severity and duration of toxicities and assessed their relationship with patients' quality of life (QOL) in 2 phase III studies. In the AURELIA study evaluating bevacizumab in combination with chemotherapy in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer, we highlighted the impact of low-grade and symptomatic toxicities on patients' QOL. We then analysed the toxicity data from the PAOLA-1 study evaluating the combination of bevacizumab with olaparib in the first-line maintenance setting for ovarian cancer and showed that low-grade toxicities had a long duration and impact the dose-intensity of treatment and patients' QOL. New clinical trials in oncology must report low-grade toxicities in order to better reflect the clinical benefit of treatments
Kpakpo, Miguel. "Une approche de gestion de la maintenance de parcs éoliens centrée sur les systèmes multiagents". Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMIR33/document.
Texto completo da fonteOptimization & maintenance in the Industrial sector covers different aspects according to the objectives set by the industrial operator. Their common goal is to reduce downtime and failures. For the windfarm operators the goal is to ensure the wind farms high availibility. We went one step further by asking the question of the efficiency of maintenance costs and the profitability. The answer to this question comes from the results of a cost function associated to a simulation model based on multiagents systems. The choice of the multiagent paradigm is motivated by the use of MAS for other simulation purposes and the fact that they guarantee a kind of flexibility regarding the evolution in a moving business context. This Phd thesis focuses on a multi-agent systems model designed to improve the management of wind farms through the definition of a set of financial criteria specific to the wind farm operators
Jailly, Benjamin. "Toward collaborative and contextualized online instrumentation in pervasive and ubiquitous environments". Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00994274.
Texto completo da fonteClaude, Grégory. "Modélisation de documents et recherches de points communs : propositions d'un framework de gestion de fiches d'anomalie pour faciliter les maintenances corrective et préventive". Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1575/.
Texto completo da fonteThe daily practice of an activity generates a set of knowledge that results in a know-how, a mastery, a skill a person gains over time. In order to take advantage of this experience, capitalization of knowledge has become an essential activity for companies. Our research work aims to model and implement such a system that extracts and formalizes knowledge from defects that occur in the context of industrial production, and to integrate it into a framework in order to facilitate corrective and preventive maintenance. This framework organizes the knowledge in the form of defects' groups. These groups can be compared to patterns: they represent a problem to which one or more solutions are related. They are not defined a priori; the analysis of past defects generates relevant groups, which may change with the addition of new defects. To identify these patterns, a complete process of knowledge extraction and formalization is adopted, Knowledge Discovery in Databases, well known in the domain of knowledge management. This process has been applied in very diversified fields. In this work, we give a new dimension to this process, the processing of defects, especially those that occur during industrial production processes. The generic steps that compose it, from the simple data selection to the interpretation of patterns that support knowledge, are considered. A specific processing, relevant to our applicative context, is assigned to each of these steps
Claude, Grégory. "Modélisation de documents et recherche de points communs - Proposition d'un framework de gestion de fiches d'anomalie pour faciliter les maintenances corrective et préventive". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00701752.
Texto completo da fonteGousseau, William. "Pronostic de dégradation d'endommagements de roulements sur application aéronautique par analyse vibratoire". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI063.
Texto completo da fonteAs part of preventive maintenance of its engines, Safran Aircraft Engines wishes to complete its diagnostic operations with a reliable prognosis of the residual life of the bearings. Following an attack, there is currently a great deal of uncertainty about the remaining life before bearing failure from the threshold of vibrational observability of the damage. Current algorithms diagnose an approximate stage of degradation and generate alarm messages of different levels, each level corresponding to a different stage of degradation, combining confidence and severity of diagnosis. An important aspect of the prognosis is the taking into account of the contextual parameters influencing the rate of degradation. The objectives of this thesis are to have methods and tools to quantify a running time remaining before bearing failure with regard to: - the severity of the damage detected, - the environmental conditions of operation, - the depth The industrial constraints associated with these objectives are as follows: 1) The prognosis should be based, at least, on high-frequency vibratory measurements of a few kHz (accelerometers), contextual data (the rotational speeds of the different rotors, for example, or the amplitudes of the levels piloted on them), rotation regimes, revealing a loading of the bearings) 2). Constituing a database of tests resulting from a plan of experiments: these tests will have to take into account the constraints related to the control of the parameters considered to be significantly influential 3) This database must take into account the representativity of the vibratory environment of an aircraft engine. 4) Propose a tool or method of prognosis taking into account the nature of the bearing to consider
Gallab, Maryam. "Développement d’une approche d’aide à la maitrise des risques dans les activités de maintenance d'une chaine logistique : Approche par modélisation et simulation basée sur les systèmes multi-agents". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEM028/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe main objective of this thesis is to develop a multi-agent approach to designing a model to overcome risks of maintenance activities. The aim is to explore the maintenance complexity and to indicate the interactions between the maintenance function and the risk assessment.Firstly, we are interested in designing a systemic model to identify and model the industrial system, to show the different interactions between its elements, to analyze and to evaluate risks of maintenance activities. We propose the MOSAR method and the UML language to design a cognitive reference model. This model served as a starting point for designing a database using the SQL language, which is operated by Multi-Agent model to acquire the necessary information for its operation.On the other hand, we develop a framework of a multi-agent system that aims to anticipate failures scenarios and the decision-making by simulating the studied system behaviour. A comparison between the existing platforms dedicated to Multi-Agent Systems is performed to choose the appropriate platform for the simulation.Finally, the developed models are applied in the LPG supply chain (Liquefied Petroleum Gas). A simulator was developed using the AnyLogic platform in order to study the system behaviour and to simulate the failure scenarios chosen by the industry, for the calculation of the criticality from three parameters (Frequency, severity, detectability), and for obtaining a Dashboard containing a set of maintenance performance indicators. The proposed simulation models help to guide the industries toward good decisions to avoid risky situations that may trigger disruptive events damaging
Bertrand, Raphaëlle. "Maintien à court terme de l'information chez l'enfant de 2 à 6 ans : oubli temporel et aide au maintien du but". Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOL023/document.
Texto completo da fonteWorking memory is an essential component of thought that is highly involved in learning and academic achievement. However, it is rarely studied in preschoolers, mainly because of a lack of suitable paradigms. Therefore, this thesis investigated the functioning of working memory in children between 2 and 6 years. For this purpose, two original paradigms were used. They were designed to be close to game situations which should help young children to focus their attention on the task. Firstly it was shown that the recall performance decreased over time, even in the absence of an interfering task. Children of this age therefore use a passive maintenance, i.e. without spontaneously implementing any strategy of maintenance. Furthermore, the decline of the information was similar through age. For the first time, it has been demonstrated that the rate of information forgetting did not vary between 2 and 6. Finally, none of these two factors, i.e. implementation of a strategy of maintenance and change in the speed of forgetting can explain the increase in memory capacity between 2 and 6 years of age. Secondly, it has been shown that the intrinsic characteristics of the task could lead to improved recall performance, perhaps by inducing a strategy of maintenance. Particularly, the implementation of a motor activity, i.e. walking during the retention period, has enabled these young children to counteract to some extent the temporal decay of information. Then, the implementation of a motor activity, by directing the attention of young children to a visual cue related to the goal of the task, help them to maintain in memory the purpose of the task. Attentional resources could be harnessed to improve performance of recall, perhaps by implementing a retention strategy
Laouti, Nassim. "Diagnostic de défauts par les Machines à Vecteurs Supports : application à différents systèmes mutivariables nonlinéaires". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00985437.
Texto completo da fonteGuichard, Anne. "Prescription et usages du Subutex dans les parcours des toxicomanes en France". Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17756.
Texto completo da fonteGargouri, Yassine. "Contribution à la maintenance des ontologies à partir d'analyses textuelles : extraction de termes et de relations entre termes". Thèse, 2009. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2650/1/D1842.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteSylvain, Virginie. "La généralisation des acquis en traitement chez les délinquants sexuels adultes". Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4731.
Texto completo da fonteIn the field of sexual aggression, the generalization of therapeutic gains can be divided in two sections: the generalization that occurs in the course of the treatment and the generalization that is made after the return in the community. It has been demonstrated that the Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment Model, based on the principles of the Risk-Needs-Reponsivity Model, has the greatest impact on recidivism level. To be more specific, target criminogenic needs specifics to the offender and the type of strategies learned in treatment can influence the process of generalization of therapeutic gains. In the same way, the characteristics of the sexual aggressor also have a role to play. When considering the release period, taking into account and implementing some measures, such as the plan of social reintegration, social and individual needs, employability, accommodation and continuity of treatment help to maintain therapeutic gains. Consequently, this project aims to contribute to a better understanding of the phenomenon of the generalization of therapeutic gains by styding four sexual offenders during a follow-up in the community (Centre de psychiatrie légale de Montréal), after they received a one-year treatment at the Institut Philippe-Pinel de Montréal. With the aim of understanding factors that can facilitate this process, we studied how these factors were expressed by the sex offenders and the difference the presence or the absence of these variables. The clinical analysis of the results suggest on one hand that the generalization of therapeutic gains is facilitated when all criminogenic needs are addressed during treatment, and on the other hand when the sex offender has the capacity to apply cognitive-behavioral strategies instead of purely cognitive techniques. Besides, the presence of impulsiveness and non-stabilized individual problems can spoil the process. Finally, it came out that the generalization of therapeutic gains is easier when variables identified as being favourable to a successful social reintegration are part of the everyday life of the offenders.
Bégin, Marc-Antoine. "L’association entre les divers types de services de santé et l’initiation du traitement de l’hépatite C chez les utilisateurs de drogues par injection". Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9949.
Texto completo da fonteIntroduction: In spite of comparable hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment efficacy between injection drug users (IDUs) and non-IDUs, there are still important barriers impeding antiviral treatment access in this vulnerable population. Mistrust between IDUs and health care providers, along with IDU disorganised lifestyle, affect HCV treatment uptake. The objective of this study is to examine the association between HCV treatment initiation and the use of healthcare services among active IDUs. Methodology: 758 active IDUs, seropositive for anti-HCV antibody, were surveyed from November 2004 to March 2011 in Montreal. Interviewer-administered questionnaires elicited information on socio-demographic factors, drug use related behaviors and health care service utilization. Blood samples were collected and tested for HCV antibodies. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the health service correlates of HCV treatment initiation. Results: Among the 758 subjects, 55 (7.3%) had initiated an HCV treatment prior to enrolment. In multivariate analysis, variables independently associated with treatment initiation included: having seen a general practitioner in the last 6 months (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR): 1,96; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1,04-3,69); more than 2 years of lifetime addiction treatment exposure without current methadone use (aOR: 2,25; CI: 1,12-4,51); more than 2 years of lifetime addiction treatment exposure with current methadone use (aOR: 3,78; CI: 1,85-7,71); and having spent time in prison (aOR: 0,44; CI: 0,22-0,87). Conclusion: Exposure to addiction and medical services is associated with HCV treatment initiation. These results suggest that such services efficiently play their role as entry points for HCV treatment. Alternatively, IDU who have initiated HCV treatment, regardless of the viral response outcome, may have adopted a proactive stance towards improving their overall health. Incarceration on the other hand seems to be an obstacle to HCV treatment uptake.