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Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Traffic accidents Mathematical models"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021

Última modificação: 31 de janeiro de 2023

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1

Lierkamp, Darren. "Simulating the effects of following distance on a high-flow freeway". Full text available online (restricted access), 2003. http://images.lib.monash.edu.au/ts/theses/Lierkamp.pdf.

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"CP830 Research Project and Thesis 2". Includes bibliographical references (p. 80-93) Electronic reproduction.[S.l. :s.n.],2003.Electronic data.Mode of access: World Wide Web.System requirements: Adobe Acrobat reader software for PDF files.Access restricted to institutions with a subscription.

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2

Sze, Nang-ngai, e 施能藝. "Quantitative analyses for the evaluation of traffic safety and operations". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39707398.

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3

Zhou, Dingshan Sam. "An integrated traffic incident detection model /". Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p9992952.

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4

Brizendine, Laora Dauberman. "Low probability-high consequence considerations in a multiobjective approach to risk management". Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07112009-040353/.

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5

Yau, C. P. Eric. "Using GIS and statistical models for traffic accidents analysis : a case study of the Tuen Mun town centre". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B37639110.

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6

Milton, John Calvin. "Generalized extreme value and mixed logit models : empirical applications to vehicle accident severities /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10152.

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7

Agdeppa, Rhoda Padua. "Studies on Mathematical Models of Traffic Equilibria". 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/123831.

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8

Shankar, Venkataraman N. "Limited dependent variable and structural equations models : empirical applications to traffic operations and safety /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10179.

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9

Yue, Yang, e 樂陽. "Spatial-temporal dependency of traffic flow and its implications for short-term traffic forecasting". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B35507366.

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10

Mason, Anthony David. "Mathematical models of road traffic, and related problems". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624189.

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11

Yau, C. P. Eric, e 丘之鵬. "Using GIS and statistical models for traffic accidents analysis: a case study of the Tuen Mun town centre". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B37639110.

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12

Yan, Li, e 顏理. "On the traffic flow control system". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39431174.

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13

Blogg, Miranda Louise. "Queues and delays at traffic elements with variable demand". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2000.

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14

Wong, Chun-kuen, e 黃春權. "Dynamic macroscopic modeling of highway traffic flows". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31243757.

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15

張詠敏 e Wing-man Cheung. "Dynamic traffic assignment for congested highway network". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42575886.

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16

Peng, Jixian, e 彭继娴. "Macroscopic characteristics of dense road networks". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/195994.

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In the continuum modeling of traffic networks, a macroscopic cost-flow function (MCF) and macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD) can be used to represent the fundamental relationships between traffic quantities such as speed, flow, and density. The MCF governs the steady-state cost-flow relationship, whereas the MFD represents the instantaneous inter-relationship between speed, flow, and density of traffic streams. This thesis explores the influence of network topologies on the MCF and MFD. The Hong Kong road system is divided into unit-sized road networks with various physical characteristics for which the network structure and signal timings are reserved. By universally scaling the origin-destination (OD) matrices of the morning peak, traffic conditions ranging from free-flow to congestion are created for microscopic simulation. From the simulation results, an MCF that relates the average journey time and the number of vehicles traveling through the network in one hour and an MFD that relates space to the mean speed and average density aggregated across 300s intervals are derived. The MCF and MFD are calibrated with mathematical models for each network. The density of roads, junctions, and signal junctions all influence the value of the macroscopic parameters in the MCF and MFD, and predictive equations are constructed that relate the macroscopic parameters to the network topological characteristics. Based on the fitting performance of the mathematical models, recommendations are made for selecting MCF and MFD models for continuum modeling.
published_or_final_version
Civil Engineering
Master
Master of Philosophy

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17

Oh, Jutaek. "Evaluation and enhancement of accident prediction models and accident modification factors of rural intersections". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/32844.

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18

Wong, Chi-kwong, e 黃志光. "Lane-based optimization method for traffic signal design". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31246096.

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19

Ho, Hung-wai, e 何鴻威. "A continuum modeling approach to traffic equilibrium problems". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31938267.

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20

Lau, Chi-yung, e 劉智勇. "Numerical studies on a few cellular automation traffic models". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31227521.

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21

Wang, Chao. "The relationship between traffic congestion and road accidents : an econometric approach using GIS". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2010. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6207.

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Both traffic congestion and road accidents impose a burden on society, and it is therefore important for transport policy makers to reduce their impact. An ideal scenario would be that traffic congestion and accidents are reduced simultaneously, however, this may not be possible since it has been speculated that increased traffic congestion may be beneficial in terms of road safety. This is based on the premise that there would be fewer fatal accidents and the accidents that occurred would tend to be less severe due to the low average speed when congestion is present. If this is confirmed then it poses a potential dilemma for transport policy makers: the benefit of reducing congestion might be off-set by more severe accidents. It is therefore important to fully understand the relationship between traffic congestion and road accidents while controlling for other factors affecting road traffic accidents. The relationship between traffic congestion and road accidents appears to be an under researched area. Previous studies often lack a suitable congestion measurement and an appropriate econometric model using real-world data. This thesis aims to explore the relationship between traffic congestion and road accidents by using an econometric and GIS approach. The analysis is based on the data from the M25 motorway and its surrounding major roads for the period 2003-2007. A series of econometric models have been employed to investigate the effect of traffic congestion on both accident frequency (such as classical Negative Binomial and Bayesian spatial models) and accident severity (such as ordered logit and mixed logit models). The Bayesian spatial model and the mixed logit model are the best models estimated for accident frequency and accident severity analyses respectively. The model estimation results suggest that traffic congestion is positively associated with the frequency of fatal and serious injury accidents and negatively (i.e. inversely) associated with the severity of accidents that have occurred. Traffic congestion is found to have little impact on the frequency of slight injury accidents. Other contributing factors have also been controlled for and produced results consistent with previous studies. It is concluded that traffic congestion overall has a negative impact on road safety. This may be partially due to higher speed variance among vehicles within and between lanes and erratic driving behaviour in the presence of congestion. The results indicate that mobility and safety can be improved simultaneously, and therefore there is significant additional benefit of reducing traffic congestion in terms of road safety. Several policy implications have been identified in order to optimise the traffic flow and improve driving behaviour, which would be beneficial to both congestion and accident reduction. This includes: reinforcing electronic warning signs and the Active Traffic Management, enforcing average speed on a stretch of a roadway and introducing minimum speed limits in the UK. This thesis contributes to knowledge in terms of the relationship between traffic congestion and road accidents, showing that mobility and safety can be improved simultaneously. A new hypothesis is proposed that traffic congestion on major roads may increase the occurrence of serious injury accidents. This thesis also proposes a new map-matching technique so as to assign accidents to the correct road segments, and shows how a two-stage modelling process which combines both accident frequency and severity models can be used in site ranking with the objective of identifying hazardous accident hotspots for further safety examination and treatment.

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22

Cramer, Jay Alan 1957. "APPLICATION OF POLYHEDRAL DYNAMICS TO PEDESTRIAN ACCIDENTS (TRANSPORTATION)". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277115.

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23

溫建勇 e Kin-yung Wan. "Biham-middleton-levine traffic model in different spatial dimensions". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3122183X.

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24

Ernst, Wolfgang F. "The economic rationale for stochastic urban transport models and travel behaviour : a mathematical programming approach to quantitative analysis with Perth data". UWA Business School, 2003. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0004.

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[Formulae and special characters can only be approximated here. Please see the pdf version of the abstract for an accurate reproduction.] This thesis reviews, extends and applies to urban traffic analysis the entropy concept of Shannon and Luce's mathematical psychology in a fairly complex and mathematically demanding model of human decision making, if it is solved as a deeply nested structure of logit calculus. Recognising consumers' different preferences and the universal propensity to seek the best choice when going to some desired goal (k), a transparent mathematical program (MP) is developed: the equivalent of a nested multinomial logit model without its inherent computational difficulty. The MP model makes a statistical assessment of individual decisions based on a randomised (measurable) utility within a given choice structure: some path through a diagram (Rk, Dk), designed a priori, of a finite number of sequential choices. The Equivalence Theorem (ET) formalises the process and states a non-linear MP with linear constraints that maximises collective satisfaction: utility plus weighted entropy, where the weight (1/θn) is a behavioural parameter to be calibrated in each case, eg for the Perth CBD. An optimisation subject to feasible routes through the (Rk, Dk) network thus captures the rational behaviour of consumers on their individually different best-choice decision paths towards their respective goals (k). This theory has been applied to urban traffic assignment before: a Stochastic User Equi-librium (SUE). What sets this thesis apart is its focus on MP models that can be solved with standard Operations Research software (eg MINOS), models for which the ET is a conditio sine qua non. A brief list of SUE examples in the literature includes Fisk's logit SUE model in (impractically many) route flows. Dial's STOCH algorithm obviates path enumeration, yet is a logit multi-path assignment procedure, not an MP model; it is nei-ther destination oriented nor an optimisation towards a SUE. A revision of Dial's method is provided, named STOCH[k], that computes primal variables (node and link flows) and Lagrangian duals (the satisfaction difference n→k). Sheffi & Powell presented an unconstrained optimisation problem, but favoured a probit SUE, defying closed formulae and standard OR software. Their model corresponds to the (constrained) dual model here, yet the specifics of our primary MP model and its dual are possible only if one restricts himself to logit SUE models, including the ET, which is logit-specific. A real world application needs decomposition, and the Perth CBD example is iteratively solved by Partial Linearisation, switching from (measured) disutility minimisation to Sheffi & Powell's Method of Successive Averages near the optimum. The methodology is demonstrated on the Perth Central Business District (CBD). To that end, parameter Θ is calibrated on Main Roads' traffic count data over the years 1997/98 and 1998/99. The method is a revision of Liu & Fricker's simultaneous estimation of not only Θ but an appropriate trip matrix also. Our method handles the more difficult variable costs (congestion), incomplete data (missing observations) and observation errors (wrong data). Finally, again based on Main Roads' data (a sub-area trip matrix), a Perth CBD traffic assignment is computed, (a) as a logit SUE and - for comparison - (b) as a DUE (using the PARTAN method of Florian, Guélat and Spiess). The results are only superficially similar. In conclusion, the methodology has the potential to replace current DUE models and to deepen transport policy analysis, taking into account individual behaviour and a money-metric utility that quantifies 'social benefits', for instance in a cost-benefit-analysis.

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25

Kim, Changkyun. "Development and evaluation of traffic prediction systems". Diss., This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-164007/.

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26

Nagarajan, Krishnamurthy. "New resource allocation strategies based on statistical network traffic models". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33437.

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27

Lee, Wingyee Emily Electrical Engineering &amp Telecommunications Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Scheduling real-time traffic in wireless networks". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Electrical Engineering & Telecommunications, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40737.

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This dissertation concerns the problem of scheduling real-time traffic in wireless TDMA channels. The most important characteristic of real-time traffic is that it has straight end-to-end delay constraint. We begin the investigation by studying a scheduling principle which naturally achieves the best delay performance in stationary channel conditions. Since the resulting scheduling algorithm maintains equal flow delays across the whole system, it is termed the equal-delay policy. There are a number of advantages associated with this scheduling method. First, it is very simple and practical to implement in real system. Secondly, it can be easily modelled mathematically and admits an analytical solution, which is very important for the construction of an admission control algorithm, we present a mathematical model describing the dynamics of the scheduling system, as well as devising a tractable analytical solution to the problem. A third advantage of the equal-delay policy is that it can be easily extended to support flows with multiple delay constraints. We propose a multiple-class scheduling scheme based on similar allocation concepts as the equal-delay technique. The extended scheme can similarly be mathematically modelled and analytically characterized. A natural objection to the above proposed techniques is that wireless transmission resources can be under-utilized, since the scheduling algorithm pays no attention to the changing individual channel conditions. The reduction in channel utilization can also adversely affect the delay performance, We explain this phenomenon and study the impacts for a variety of different channel characteristics, Specifically, we propose an alternative channel-aware scheduling policy, which aims to maximize channel utilization while keeping a minimum probability of delay violation, The proposed channel-aware policy achieves near-optimal delay performance. However, unlike in the equal-delay case, the channel-aware policy is not practical to implement in a real system. The complicated system dynamics associated with the channel-aware scheme also hamper the development of a mathematical model and analytical solution for admission control. On the other hand, we observe from simulation results that under most circumstances, the equal-delay scheme achieves close to the pertonnance obtained by the channel-aware technique, With the additional benefits of simplicity and admitting analytical analysis. the equal-delay policy appears to be a more practical and suitable choice for scheduling real-time traffic in wireless networks.

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28

Sivanandan, R. "A linear programming approach for synthesizing origin-destination (O-D) trip tables from link traffic volumes". Diss., This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07102007-142518/.

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29

Kako, Soichiro. "Microscopic modelling of merging at unsignalised intersections and its application to freeway merging". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998.

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30

Fung, Wen-chi Sylvia, e 馮韻芝. "Calibration and validation of transit network assignment models". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B34624211.

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31

Zhu, Jiasong, e 朱家松. "A self-learning short-term traffic forecasting system through dynamic hybrid approach". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39634516.

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32

Ye, Qing, e 叶青. "Short-term traffic speed forecasting based on data recorded at irregular intervals". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47250732.

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Efficient and comprehensive forecasting of information is of great importance to traffic management. Three types of forecasting methods based on irregularly spaced data—for situations when traffic detectors cannot be installed to generate regularly spaced data on all roads—are studied in this thesis, namely, the single segment forecasting method, multi-segment forecasting method and model-based forecasting method. The proposed models were tested using Global Positioning System (GPS) data from 400 Hong Kong taxis collected within a 2-kilometer section on Princess Margaret Road and Hong Chong Road, approaching the Cross Harbour Tunnel. The speed limit for the road is 70 km/h. It has flyovers and ramps, with a small number of merges and diverges. There is no signalized intersection along this road section. A total of 14 weeks of data were collected, in which the first 12 weeks of data were used to calibrate the models and the last two weeks of data were used for validation. The single-segment forecasting method for irregularly spaced data uses a neural network to aggregate the predicted speeds from the naive method, simple exponential smoothing method and Holt’s method, with explicit consideration of acceleration information. The proposed method shows a great improvement in accuracy compared with using the individual forecasting method separately. The acceleration information, which is viewed as an indicator of the phase-transition effect, is considered to be the main contribution to the improvement. The multi-segment forecasting method aggregates not only the information from the current forecasting segment, but also from adjacent segments. It adopts the same sub-methods as the single-segment forecasting method. The forecasting results from adjacent segments help to describe the phase-transition effect, so that the forecasting results from the multi-segment forecasting method are more accurate than those that are obtained from the single segment forecasting method. For one-second forecasting length, the correlation coefficient between the forecasts from the multi-segment forecasting method and observations is 0.9435, which implies a good consistency between the forecasts and observations. While the first two methods are based on pure data fitting techniques, the third method is based on traffic models and is called the model-based forecasting method. Although the accuracy of the one-second forecasting length of the model-based method lies between those of the single-segment and multi-segment forecasting methods, its accuracy outperforms the other two for longer forecasting steps, which offers a higher potential for practical applications.
published_or_final_version
Civil Engineering
Master
Master of Philosophy

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33

Sun, Yu. "Risk-based framework for freight movement analysis". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2002.

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Decision-making models have, m the recent years, been developed to provide systematic and comprehensive tools to analyse, evaluate and manage freight movement. Freight transport models developed thus far have not precisely defined risk agents brought by travelling vehicles, which lead to indistinct risk types. Instead, most of the models developed discussed the risks mainly related to direct impacts by traffic accidents. On the other hand, transport efficiency, which is of more and more concern, has not been sufficiently emphasised in the previous models. This thesis studies the factors in relation to not only safety issues, but efficiency issues. And the risks due to freight movement have been classified into categories in accordance with their distinct natures and typically, affected population groups including human, environment and economic infrastructure. Two new theories, risk agent and risk response factor, have been introduced to the framework to precisely define and evaluate various risk types. Vehicle travelling on a specific route may encounter various situations combined by road characteristics, traffic flow and weather conditions, etc. In order to assist in analysing freight movement in a systematic manner, freight movement behaviours, which pose negative impacts to nearby population, are divided into different modes, which have been interpreted as "risk-producing activities" in the Risk-based Framework for Freight Movement Analysis (RBF-FMA) in order to identify the characteristics of the risk agents. It is important to differentiate the segments with significant changes in the travel risk producing conditions. This study divides travel route into segments and each segment is assessed separately and differentiates among three segment types: travel segment, intersection, and roundabout according to their different contributing factors. The framework developed in this study also considers the availability of emergency response facilities and support system as a major risk-reducing factor. When applied and compared with the risk rating results estimated by the Queensland Transport Department (QTD) using their risk-rating model, the RBF-FMA gave highly comparable results. In the evaluation, both the QTD and RBF-FMA models were applied to assess the risk associated with the release of hazardous mate1ials at 25 segments identified as having high risk by the QTD. The RBF-FMA was also successfully applied to compare two routes between two common points and the results were generally consistent with the concentration of human population, enviromnental population and economic activity and infrastructure along the two routes. The basic data that was needed to conduct the RBF-FMA was easily generated using site visits and from available data basis. While the RBF-FMA presents a logical framework that is based on the risk assessment and management methodology, the process of assigning scores (ranks) and weights to the various factors and sub-factors is basically subjective and reflects the education, values, judgement and understanding of the model by the user. It is recognised that this subjectivity can lead to viability in the results. The contribution of this study is significant in that it translates the basic risk assessment model used in the public health field into a framework suitable for rating the risk associated with freight movement. In addition, the effort presented a basic modelling approach that can be modified or built on by other researchers in this field. The framework formulated in this study is worthy of further research and development as it can be used as a useful system for making decisions related to moving freight along selected routes. Further work could include development of a GIS-based computer program which is able to contain huge amount of risk assessment data associated with freight movement and provide a visual operation of the risk analysis.

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34

Al-Malik, Mohammed Saleh. "An investigation and development of a combined traffic signal control-traffic assignment model". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21425.

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35

Zhou, Ji Zhe. "Modeling and dynamic routing for traffic flow through multi-agent system". Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3950602.

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36

Sun, Wenjun, e 孫文君. "Front tracking algorithm for the Lighthill-Whitham-Richards model for a traffic network". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40687624.

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37

Lloyd, Evan Robert. "A model for the economic analysis of road projects in an urban network with interrelated incremental traffic assignment method". University of Western Australia. Economics Discipline Group, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0083.

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[Truncated abstract] In an urban network, any change to the capacity of a road or an intersection will generally result in some traffic changing its route. In addition the presence of intersections creates the need for frequent stops. These stops increase the fuel consumption by anywhere between thirty to fifty percent as evidenced by published standardised vehicle fuel consumption figures for urban and for country driving. Other components of vehicle operating costs such as tyre and brake wear and time costs will also be increased by varying amounts. Yet almost all methods in use for economic evaluation of urban road projects use open road vehicle operating costs (sometimes factored to represent an average allowance for stopping at intersections) for one year or sometimes two years in the analysis period and then make assumptions about how the year by year road user benefits may change throughout the period in order to complete the analysis. This thesis will describe a system for estimating road user costs in an urban network that calculates intersection effects separately and then adds these effects to the travel costs of moving between intersections. Daily traffic estimates are used with a distribution of the flow rate throughout the twenty-four hours giving variable speed of travel according to the level of congestion at different times of the day. For each link, estimates of traffic flow at two points in time are used to estimate the year-by-year traffic flow throughout the analysis period by linear interpolation or extrapolation. The annual road user costs are then calculated from these estimates. Annual road user benefits are obtained by subtracting the annual road user costs for a modified network from the annual road user costs for an unmodified network. The change in the road network maintenance costs are estimated by applying an annual per lane maintenance cost to the change in lane-kilometres of road in the two networks. The Benefit Cost Ratio is calculated for three discount rates. An estimate of the likely range of error in the Benefit Cost Ratio is also calculated

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38

Chen, Wenqin, e 陳文欽. "An analytical shock-fitting approach to the solution of the Lighthill-Whitham-Richards traffic flow model". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38724650.

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39

Wong, Chung-yin Philip, e 黃仲賢. "The development of pedestrian flow model". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48194025.

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This dissertation reported on the findings of the characteristics of the pedestrian flows in Chinese New Year Eve Fair in Hong Kong and, the recommendations to its crowd control measures. Since most of the pedestrian flow models were developed for general purposes under normal condition, special models developed specifically for major events such as bazaars, fairs and festivals in Hong Kong were required to understand their pedestrian flow patterns. In this dissertation, pedestrian flows in the Fair were videotaped and data was extracted for calibrating several pedestrian flow models. These included the conventional models developed by Greenshields, Greenberg, Pipes-Munjal, Underwood, Drake, Wong et al. and four modifications of these models for simulating isotropic and bi-directional pedestrian flow scenarios. The free flow speed of the pedestrians in the Chinese New Year Eve Fair was found to be around 0.69-0.84 m/s, slower than those identified in other researches. Besides, the results of these models showed the relationships between walking speed, density and flow of the pedestrians in the Fair. Also, the effects of bi-directional flow to pedestrian flows were assessed and quantified. These findings obtained from models were then used as a basis for formulating crowd control strategy of major events in Hong Kong.
published_or_final_version
Transport Policy and Planning
Master
Master of Arts in Transport Policy and Planning

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40

Xie, Siqi, e 谢思琪. "Observational studies of pedestrian flows". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B49617990.

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Walking is an environmentally friendly mode of transportation. A better understanding of pedestrian activities and effective planning of walking facilities are particularly important for densely populated Asian cities like Hong Kong. Empirical studies on pedestrian flows can be classified as controlled experiments and observational surveys. Controlled experiments are flexible and can be designed to fulfill the requirements of specific studies and eliminate influence from unrelated factors. Observational surveys provide data for pedestrian movements in different types of walking facilities. This thesis aims to develop a mathematical model for multidirectional pedestrian flows based on knowledge obtained from both a controlled experiment and observational surveys on three different walking facilities. Bayesian inference is adopted for model calibration, as it can combine the prior information from the controlled experiment and the observed data from the observational surveys. The proposed model is based on Drake’s (1967) model of traffic flow. However, multidirectional pedestrian flows are much more complicated than the unidirectional and bidirectional flows. Therefore, instead of relating the speed of a pedestrian stream solely to pedestrian density, the flow ratio and intersecting angles between streams are introduced as factors that may influence stream speed. The proposed model takes the form of a set of structural equations rather than a single deterministic function. By applying Bayesian inference, the proposed model is calibrated with the three sets of observed data respectively, based on the prior distribution specified by the controlled experiment results. Finally, pedestrian movements in three different walking facilities are analyzed based on the properties of the calibrated model.
published_or_final_version
Civil Engineering
Master
Master of Philosophy

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41

Fox, Thomas Charles 1960. "Evaluation of change interval policies". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277160.

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An intensive examination was conducted to test the credibility of current traffic signal change interval policies founded on a kinematic equation developed nearly 30 years ago. The investigation involved the review of relevant literature as well as an extensive collection of data. The literature review and data analysis revealed that current change interval policies rely on the disproven assumption that traffic decelerates at a constant rate. The data analysis also demonstrated that traffic approach speed and deceleration distance affect the manner in which deceleration occurs. Based on the data analysis, an alternative treatment of the kinematic equation is proposed using surrogate deceleration rates. The surrogate rates offer a pragmatic set of input for the kinematic equation. Therefore, rather than yielding a change interval based on an inaccurate assumption, agencies can implement change intervals which are responsive to local traffic.

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42

Roberts, Craig Arnold. "Modeling the relationships between microscopic and macroscopic travel activity on freeways : bridging the gap between current travel demand models and emerging mobile emission models". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/32873.

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43

Roy, Roger A. "An Application of Landscape Design to Student Academic Success". Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2006. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/RoyRA2006.pdf.

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Kimathi, Mark E. M. [Verfasser], e Axel [Akademischer Betreuer] Klar. "Mathematical Models for 3-Phase Traffic Flow Theory / Mark E. M. Kimathi. Betreuer: Axel Klar". Kaiserslautern : Universitätsbibliothek Kaiserslautern, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1021039578/34.

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45

Lam, Fung, e 林峰. "Internet inter-domain traffic engineering and optimizatioon". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31224581.

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Bhat, Sudarshana C. S. "Evaluation of Tidewater district's operations improvements program". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44108.

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The increasing congestion on the roads in the United States of America has become a topic of much interest among the transportation planners. There is a limit to which there can be building of new highways. Thus, the thrust for better utilization of the existing facilities is gaining ground. This research project is aimed at a solution to problems of increasing travel times due to congestion. A case study of the toll road (Route 44) in the tidewater region of Virginia has been made as an example of the common method of relieving congestion, ridesharing, which is being encouraged. The failure of the proper maintenance of the HOV lanes on the Route 44 leading to the subsequent rescinding of the same has been looked into. The use of DYNAMO programming was made in order to simulate the conditions on the toll road and to get an idea of the various alternatives which could be used to take care of the problem. On the basis of the simulations carried out, and taking into account the views held by the commuters who did not form a part of the ridesharing community, a method in which authorities could give an advantage as far as travel time is concerned, has been proposed.
Master of Science

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47

Owen, Michelle L. "Exposure model : detailed profiling and quantification of the exposure of personnel to geotechnical hazards in underground mines". University of Western Australia. School of Civil and Resource Engineering, 2004. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0031.

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[Truncated abstract] This thesis presents an operationally applicable and reliable model for quantification of the exposure of underground mining personnel to geotechnical hazards. The model is shown to have the flexibility to apply to very different operational environments, within the context of mechanised metalliferous mines. It provides an essential component for carrying out quantitative geotechnical risk analyses of underground mines. Increasingly prevalent within the Australian mining industry are moves towards a riskbased philosophy instead of prescriptive design procedures. A barrier to this has been the lag in availability of resources (personnel and technical) required for the intensive effort of applying probabilistic methods to geotechnical engineering at mines ... One of the missing components for quantitative risk analysis in mines has been an accurate model of personnel exposure to geotechnical hazards, from which meaningful estimates can be made of the probabilities of serious or fatal injury given a rockfall. Exposure profiling for geotechnical risk analysis at minesites has traditionally involved the simple classification of travelways and entry areas by their occupancy rate, not taking into account traffic and work characteristics which may significantly influence the risks. Therefore, it was the focus of this thesis to address that deficiency and progress the ability to perform semi-quantitative and quantitative risk analyses in mines.

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48

Dingus, Thomas A. "Development of models for detection of automobile driver impairment". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45721.

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Two of the leading causes of automobile accidents are driver impairment due to alcohol and drowsiness. Apparently, a relatively large percentage of these accidents occur because drivers are unaware of the degree to which they are impaired due to these sources. The purpose of this research was to develop models which could detect driver impairment due to alcohol, drowsiness, or the combination of alcohol and drowsiness, and which could be practically implemented in an automobile. Such detection models, if successfully implemented in conjunction with a system to warn an impaired driver of his or her condition, could potentially save hundreds of lives each year. Six driver-subjects operated a computer controlled driving simulator during each of four conditions. The four conditions consisted of a control condition, an alcohol condition, a sleep-deprived condition, and a combination alcohol and sleep-deprived condition. Moderate levels of alcohol and sleep deprivation were used for this study. Nineteen performance and behavioral measures were collected during this study. Each measure was evaluated singly and in combination with other measures to determine potential value for detection of driver impairment. Detection models were then formulated using the most promising detection measures. The results indicated that a useful on-board drowsiness impairment detection device is possible and practical for highway driving. This device would also, in all likelihood, provide useful detection information regardless of whether low to moderate amounts of alcohol were present in a drowsy driver. The results also showed that on-board alcohol impairment detection may be possible at moderate to high BAC.
Master of Science

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Fang, Yi. "An urban traffic network model using GIS technology". Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/845978.

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This creative project was proposed to develop a GIS model for transportation planning purposes with the ARC/INFO software. The urban street network in the GIS model was based on urban arterial systems in the city of Muncie, Indiana. The model was also expected to demonstrate the applicability of GIS technology in transportation planning. Several transportation planning techniques were tested with the model which included road and traffic data inventory, optimum pathing, road capacity analysis, traffic shift study modeling, and graphic presentation. The case study was targeted on road capacity analysis of urban arterial network as well as study of alternative traffic route for the urban route of State Road 32 in Muncie. The project began with an discussion of GIS technology, GIS application in planning, and ARC/INFO software programs. Then an urban street information model was developed in form of digital network in the computer database which could perform the functions of data inventory, spatial traffic analysis, and mapping manipulation. Finally the case studies were performed to demonstrate the application of this GIS network model. The findings and analysis results generated by GIS operation were used to evaluate the traffic conditions as well as to determine the feasibility of alternative route for State Road tables, ARC/INFO macro programs, traffic maps, and print-out of analysis results.
Department of Urban Planning

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Barnett, Joel Stephen. "On the Estimation of Volumes of Roadways: An Investigation of Stop-Controlled Minor Legs". PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2196.

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This effort seeks to answer the question; can a transferable model be developed from easily obtainable, publicly available land-use, census, roadway, and network data for the use in safety performance functions? 474 stop-controlled minor legs were used as the training data set using ordinary least squares regression. A best-fit model of maximum independent variables, n=12 was chosen using an exhaustive approach using Mallow's Cp to select the model with least bias in the predictors. The results of the analysis revealed that the combination of variables from Washington, Ohio, and North Carolina did not have a strong relationship. The best-fit model incorporated functional class information of the major-leg, minor leg functional class information, longitudinal markings, access to a parking lot, and population density of census tract. Validation of the model demonstrated an average 59 percent error between the model estimated and actual AADT values for validation data set (n=54). Furthermore, separate models for each state revealed a lack of uniformity in the dependent variables, and more variance description of the state specific AADT.

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