Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Towers architecture"
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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Towers architecture"
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García-González, Encarnación, Pascual Saura-Gómez e Vicente Raúl Pérez-Sánchez. "Geometry in 18th Century Bell Towers in Bajo Segura, Spain". Buildings 12, n.º 3 (22 de fevereiro de 2022): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12030256.
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Bell towers are essential elements of religious architecture, which have been part of villagers’ lives for centuries and have marked their identity and orientation from a far distance. This research provides widens our knowledge of geometrical aspects of bell towers through a search for common building patterns. Throughout the history of construction and architecture, there have been specific studies about particular bell towers, but few have taken a more general approach, studying 18th-century architectural treatises and building warnings for ecclesiastical buildings after the Council of Trent. In the Spanish ecclesiastical territorial organisation, the Diocese of Orihuela and its region (Bajo Segura) had great importance, with outstanding social development and territorial expansion due to the colonising action of the clergy and nobility in the 18th century. In 1829, an earthquake had destructive effects on the area’s architectural heritage. This paper studies the bell towers that endured the earthquake by recording data in situ, generating a catalogue, and analysing and comparing the data obtained. The results outline a construction model that meets the established guidelines of the architectural treatises as far as geometrical proportions and building patterns are concerned.
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Koutsoukou, Anthi, e Chrysanthos Kanellopoulos. "Towers from North-West Andros". Annual of the British School at Athens 85 (novembro de 1990): 155–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245400015628.
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Three poorly preserved Hellenistic towers from NW Andros investigated during the course of a survey are discussed. The two small round towers of Tsouka and Ayia Marina, characterized by their humble masonry, are related to agricultural activities with a very restricted defensive role. The tower of Ayia Marina had probably also served as a road station. The third tower of Choreza is square, a public work in advanced military architecture which appears to be part of the defensive system of Andros. Reference is made to masonry types encountered on the island in relation to the architecture of the three towers. Recently the ruins of a fourth square tower were located at Tokeli near the N coast, obviously related with the trafficked naval channel between Andros and Euboea.
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Siddiqi, Anooradha Iyer. "Introduction". Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 40, n.º 3 (1 de dezembro de 2020): 495–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/1089201x-8747480.
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Abstract Drawing from histories of art and architecture, urbanism and planning, landscape, infrastructure, and media, this themed section is premised upon framing architecture beyond the terms of aesthetics or technology toward its agency as a form of knowledge. In this introduction and the articles that follow, architecture acts as an analytic with which to formulate understanding and meaning. Through modern histories and perspectives from the South Asian subcontinent, conceptualizing “South Asia” and “architecture” broadly and inclusively, the articles turn alternately to design and structure, aesthetics and affect, and the human and nonhuman in order to redefine the primary source. From the writings of a Sri Lankan architect, a capitol for a future Bangladesh, the princely state landscapes of a German-Indian planner, films of roads in Bhutan and Kashmir, gardens in Lahore, and towers in Karachi, this collection unsettles borders, writing across South Asian nations and contested territories together to name architectures operating in archival registers. Through habitations and speculations, it reimagines pasts and futures, recasting the architectural beyond instrument, as concept.
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Dehghani-Sanij, M. R. "Wind towers: architecture, climate and sustainability". International Journal of Ambient Energy 41, n.º 13 (25 de maio de 2018): 1559–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01430750.2018.1477070.
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Gorokhov, S. V., S. G. Skobelev e A. P. Borodovskiy. "The History, Localization and Architecture of the Urtamsky Ostrog". Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology 21, n.º 5 (16 de maio de 2022): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2022-21-5-99-114.
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Purpose. An important direction in the historical and archaeological research of the Siberian ostrogs at this stage is the solution of specific problems associated with the main events of their history. This study is devoted to solving a set of problems related to the history and archaeology of the Urtamsky ostrog in Kozhevnikovsky District of the Tomsk Region: it’s localization, the determination of the foundation date and reconstruction of its architectural appearance, taking into account its transformation over time. Results. Based on the analysis of the written sources, it is proved that the ostrog was founded in 1685, contrary to the point of view in the historiography that the ostrog was established in 1684. Based on the analysis of the written sources, cartographic material and archaeological survey data, a reasoned hypothesis is made about the location of the Urtamsky ostrog on the north-eastern outskirts of the modern village Urtam. Here, material was gathered and artifacts from plundering excavations were collected, indicating the long-term presence of the Russian population in this area. In the course of analyzing the complex of written sources, it was established that the ostrog from the moment of its foundation until the mid-1730s at least once was substantially rebuilt, which resulted in the construction of a new log wall and the replacement of the two corner barn towers with the two gate towers. An analysis of the architectural parameters of the first Urtamsky ostrog showed that the log walls were equal in height to the height of the tower log cabins (about 4 m). Only the roofs of the towers towered above the log wall. At the same time, the towers themselves had a squat appearance and served as barns. Probably, it was this circumstance that prompted S. U. Remezov to depict the Urtamsky ostrog as having no towers, since the towers, neither architecturally nor functionally, did not fully correspond to their classical appearance and purpose. It is possible that the other ostrogs, depicted by S. U. Remezov with no towers, had towers similar to those of the Urtamsky ostrog. Conclusion. The study made it possible to significantly clarify the history of the origin and the reconstruction of the Urtamsky ostrog. The prospects for further research of this object are associated with the archaeological excavations.
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Cai, Ling, Yi Deng e Xing Jiang. "Construction Technology of Centro-Column Drum Towers of Dong Nationality". Advanced Materials Research 450-451 (janeiro de 2012): 870–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.450-451.870.
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Abstract: The building structure of a Dong nationality’s drum tower is divided into two categories, namely, the tai-liang and chuan-dou hybrid structures, and the chuan-dou structure, which are from the major carpentry structure system of traditional Chinese timber structure architecture. Then, the most common “centro-column” type drum tower among the chuan-dou structure drum towers is defined and classified. The structure technology features of “single-column” and “ringed-column” drum towers, which are also those of a “centro-column” drum tower, are discussed in great detail. Through surveying and mapping, structure conversion models, such as those that “increased columns” and “reduced columns” of “ringed-column” drum towers, are studied mainly. In addition, many specific construction details that improve a drum tower’s external image, like multi-eaves, columns that are inclined inwards, as well as the honeycomb Dougong, are also studied in this paper.
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Wang, Zhisong, Fei Yang, Yujie Wang e Zhiyuan Fang. "Study on Wind Loads of Different Height Transmission Towers under Downbursts with Different Parameters". Buildings 12, n.º 2 (8 de fevereiro de 2022): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12020193.
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Disaster investigation results have shown that most wind-induced damage to transmission towers is related to downbursts. To clarify the effects of downbursts’ parameters on transmission towers with different heights, studies were conducted on five transmission towers with different diameters under static and moving downburst wind conditions. As a comparison, the responses of the towers under normal wind conditions were studied. The results showed that the effect of downbursts on the response of the transmission tower increased with the distance between the downburst center and the tower (r) when r < 1.0 Djet (Djet is the jet diameter of downburst) and then decreased when r > 1.0 Djet. The effects of jet diameter on the response of transmission towers with different tower heights were similar. As the jet diameter increased, the response of the tower continued growing until it reached a peak value and then steadily decreased soon thereafter. When the tower height was below 81.5 m, the wind load of the downburst on the transmission tower was significantly greater than that of the normal wind. As the tower height increased, the ratio of the transmission tower’s response under the two types of wind fields rapidly declined to about 0.91–1.01.
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Bevz, Volodymyr, e Mykola Bevz. "HYPOTHETICAL RECONSTRUCTION OF THE PLANNING STRUCTURE AND ARCHITECTURE OF THE HIGH DEFENSIVE WALL OF THE MIDTOWN OF LVIV FOR THE 13th-14th CENTURY". Current Issues in Research, Conservation and Restoration of Historic Fortifications 2023, n.º 19 (2023): 153–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/fortifications2023.19.153.
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Lviv is one of the cities in Ukraine that had a highly developed system of medieval fortifications. This system of fortifications was built in the XIII-XIV centuries, modernized many times and served until the 18th century. However, today in Lviv, only small remains of the medieval fortifications of the city center have been preserved in the form of architectural objects - several fragments of the defensive wall and only one defensive tower, which was rebuilt into a tower in the 16th century. These preserved objects belong to the so-called High defensive wall. These are: a fragment of the lower part of the defensive wall on 16 Svobody Avenue, a fragment of the wall and the Povoroznyk tower (connected to the building of the City Arsenal), a fragment of the wall on the Pidvalna Street (to the Royal Arsenal is attached), a fragment of the wall and the remains of the corner Rymarska tower, the remains of the foundations of the corner Shevska tower, a preserved and superimposed fragment of the wall near the Vienna coffee house (12 Svobody avenue), the remains of the wall in the basements of the building on 9 Mickiewicz Square. The rest of the remains of the High Wall are underground in the state of archaeological objects. These unique objects of military construction are not registered as architectural monuments. Also, they are not listed as monuments of archeology. Every fragment of city defense fortifications preserved today is, as a rule, a valuable document of its era and requires careful protection and preservation. Therefore, the study of the architecture of the medieval defense complex of the Lviv city center, which was created before the appearance of firearms, is important both for the history of the city and for the history and theory of domestic military architecture. This paper presents an analysis of the first stage of the construction of the High Defense Wall around the Lviv midtown and presents a hypothesis regarding its architectural solution. Special attention is paid to the issue of the planning structure of the fortified belt. The hypothesis that initially the defensive contour of the High Wall had a rounded shape has been substantiated. The argumentation about the towerless nature of the defensive belt at the first stage of the development of its fortifications is presented. There were two gates at the first stage of the construction of fortifications, which were called Tatarska and Halytska. The architectural solution of the gates was specific. The gate was formed by two towers (semicircular in plan). The gate-entrance with drawbridge was located between two high towers. At the second stage of development, the defensive High Wall was modernized, raised and a number of defensive towers were built. At the third stage, the planning scheme of the fortified belt changes. The line of the High Wall in the eastern span acquires a rectangular character with outward-projecting towers and corner towers.
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Nessim, Marian A., Aya Elshabshiri, Virginia Bassily, Niriman Soliman, Khaled Tarabieh e Sherif Goubran. "The Rise and Evolution of Wind Tower Designs in Egypt and the Middle East". Sustainability 15, n.º 14 (11 de julho de 2023): 10881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151410881.
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Throughout history, vernacular architecture has sought to provide inhabitants with comfort, using local materials and techniques while drawing inspiration from the local culture. This goal has helped natural and passive environmental building techniques to emerge, evolve, and develop. Even though we are increasingly dependent on mechanical ventilation and cooling solutions, passive techniques are in favor due to global climate challenges and the drive toward sustainable construction. One of the most well-known passive cooling techniques is the windcatcher, or wind tower, as it is known in the Middle East (also known as a malqaf in Egypt). Windcatchers, which appeared in Egypt during the Pharaonic era, were also present in other vernacular Middle Eastern countries such as Iran and Iraq, and they differed in design and materials. This research aims to extract, analyze, and compare windcatchers throughout historical eras in Egypt and other Middle Eastern countries across three main eras: ancient, medieval, and modern. This study thus provides a timeline for developing these passive cooling systems, demonstrating how they were integrated into architecture over millennia. This study also investigates the design differences in these vernacular models, including their shapes, number of sides, and orientation, and correlates them to climatic and architectural conditions. The results highlight that the vernacular wind towers corresponded to the prevailing wind directions and the ventilation needs of the connected spaces. Furthermore, the findings question the effectiveness and appropriateness of some of the modern incorporations of wind towers, which borrow their design from local precedents.
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Leach, Neil. "Digital Towers". Architectural Design 79, n.º 4 (julho de 2009): 68–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ad.920.
Texto completo da fonteTeses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Towers architecture"
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Dornajafi, Saeed. "9 + 1 Towers". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/79962.
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There is a beauty to the absurdity of the moment at which there is almost no line between the real and the unreal. In such realm, an illusion, and yet the possibility, of a tower acts as a protagonist with which one can begin to let his imagination approve of the absurd, the too ambitious, the unlikely. The first nine towers are the outcome of my attempt to intertwine two arenas of photography and architecture. They investigate the possibility of compressing the reality of a place into a hyperreal image consisting of a photograph of the place, which acts as the site, and a fantastical addition. They also aim to document and express my memories of the places that I visited during my more than 15,000 miles of traveling over the past year. Each tower is an homage to the memory of its respective place.Master of Architecture
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Marks, David B. 1969. "Ivory towers to office towers, Wall Street to Main Street : a study of the relationship between modern portfolio theory and private equity real estate". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32210.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2001.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 78-88).
This thesis attempts to relate the principal elements of Modern Portfolio Theory ('MPT') to real estate, recognizing that MPT was built not for real estate, but for stocks and bonds. It is split into two parts; the first part deals with 'the theory' of real estate investing, including a commentary on both why mixed-asset portfolios include real estate components, and how MPT relates to real estate. The second part deals with 'the reality'; the extent (or otherwise) to which different investor types apply MPT to their direct, private equity real estate investment strategies. It attempts to answer this question by a case study approach, focusing on four investor types. These investors were specifically chosen because of the fact that they are, in each case, sophisticated groups who have a knowledge and understanding of the principal elements of MPT. The extent to which they feel that all elements of MPT are relevant to real estate is, ultimately, the question that this paper attempts to answer.
by David B. Marks.
S.M.
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Van, Pierson Douglas. "By way of the highway: a collection of towers". Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53340.
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A questioning of methods: If we are to accept existing American culture as an entity, should design not embody the spirit inherent in that culture? In Europe, architecture has been afforded the luxury of time. There, the concept of dwelling has encompassed the questions of man’s position as a rational being separated both from his surrounding environment and his divinity. A sense of alienation from such a universe forced him to search beyond his immediate environment. The role of architecture thus became a mediator, a departure point where man could dwell between heaven and earth. Sanctity, purity, proportion, centrality, and hierarchy all became building blocks for an architecture striving for a transcendental perfection. In the United States, however, architecture has been adjusted to accept its surrounding environment as a formal model. Space is defined either by the existing condition of the environment or by the will of man existing within his surroundings. Man, no longer alien or subservient, now does not need a mediator but instead a throne on which to share in the government within his surrounding environment.
As a result, the American conception of space (i.e. the ‘tradition of the way we view our landscape’) has evolved into something different from that of our European counterparts. In a sense, America is the embodiment of the rational enlightenment in a new society. Its history lies not in the hearts and minds of its citizens, but on the other side of the ocean. Because of this unique occurrence where history loses its proximity, America has been able to develop into what Jean Beaudrillard describes as truly modern: a “utopia achieved”. It is a space where random meets rational and the limitless becomes a limit, a space which rejects European conceptions of centrality and hierarchy.
If the foundations of Europe lie within the philosophy of Aristotle, than those of North America lie within the theories of Newton. Whereas Aristotle revealed the parameters of a perfect order, along with its ensuing hierarchy and centrality.
In Dice Thrown, Benjamin Gianni investigates both early American farmsteads as well as the development of its cities (the rural and the urban) and compares them to European types. In the rural comparison, the European farm seems to be organized around a courtyard, creating an order of symmetry and proportion. The American farm structures, however, are arranged loosely in a cluster, their relationship being functional necessities and a common way of building (the doghouse is designed to look like the shed, which is designed to look like the main house). Moreover, Gianni draws similar contraindications in the urban comparison. In Europe, the city is autonomous, walled off from the outside and arranged in a hierarchy with the most important structures at the highest points in the center. Conversely, in American cities the countryside is brought into the city at its center in the form of parks to remind the people of their link with their natural origins. For traditional Europe then, purity and perfection lie in the symbolic harmony of formal relationships, where a center defines the elements around it and provides a place for man between nature and the heavens. For America, however, purity and perfection lie in the vast expanse of the natural surroundings. No longer a symbolic mediator between heaven and earth, architectural forms confront the world around it as it is.
Without the guidance of formal relationships in culture, we have developed a conception of arrangement (or anAmerican type) which combines the classical adaptation of a rational imposition by a grid system with the limitless aspect of horizontal space. So important in the United States is the sanctity of individual freedoms. This suggests that the individual has the capacity through rational thought to intervene in nature and dictate his or her destiny. In early America, cities were built modeling the roman grid system. The urban plan was derived rationally as an egalitarian way of dividing space. Also inherent in theAmerican mind set, however, was the perception of boundless opportunity and individual freedom which promoted a dimensionless unregulated horizontal expansion of the built environment. The grid emerged as a way of organizing town centers. No sacred truths of the heavens and the earth were revealed, no ritual was carried out in a departure point for the transcendental; instead, a rational organization occurred as a means of confronting an environment as it existed in its own state, just as earlier settlements had developed a seemingly random order based on the boundless opportunities of providing landscape as a means of confronting nature in its own state. An interesting paradox emerged between two orders. One looked as if buildings and places were dropped from the sky, left to be dwelled within depending on how they tumbled and lied to rest on the landscape; a celestial game of jax played on an uneven surface. The other depended on a complete and unyielding imposition on the landscape where every thing, place or building was measured or monitored. As a result cities would emerge, each with their own rational imposition, with no relationship to each other. Today, a certain randomness permeates their rational existence. The result has been deformative. That is the realization of something completely different from original intention. It is a combination of an upward extrusion with the introduction of a diffusive horizontally which re-orders its existence. It is, in a sense, a changing of definition. Even New York, with its density and strictly imposed grid, has a kind of deformative diss-order which defines its place as a totally American (though unique in and of itself) phenomenon. Rem Koolhaas identifies the madness of piling up chaos on chaos in a rigid system which creates its “delirious effect”
Even language, signs, and meaning have become deformative, setting in motion a wave of paradoxical relationships.Intention dissolves over time, history becomes representative or imitative, the immutable becomes alterable, and new definitions are formed to re-explain existence. The universal, the transcendental, they are the spiraling center which decomposes and recomposes, leaving sometimes only a shell from which to decipher meaning and existence. Umberto Eco, in his essay "Travels in Hyper-reality”, examines the relationship in American culture between the sign, the thing, and that which links them together, history. The sign is not a means for understanding the thing it symbolizes but rather is an object which "aims to be the thing, to abolish the distinction of the reference. This is the mechanism of replacement." In doing so, the sign becomes more real (or hyper-real) than the thing because it is identified by and more tangible to the existence of our culture.
This explains our fascination with historical reenactments, dramatizations, wax museums, escalators, and Dysney main streets. All are hyper-realities which have taken over and become "more real” than the things they represent. They are “better” because they excite the senses and give material evidence of our place in history. In doing so the hyper-real in American culture has successfully performed an about face in the way we define things, creating the perfect irony: “the completely real becomes the completely fake”.
If modernism lies within the tradition of the way we view ourselves and our landscape, if we live in Newton’s limitless universe of absolute space independent of perfect geometry, if we live devoid of origin with no primitive accumulation of time, if architectural space does not always necessitate the symbolic harmony of formal relationships but rather seeks to confront its natural surroundings, if the arrangement of space is deformative, lying somewhere in between rational intervention and the application of the limitless, and if irony is the result of our application of language and meaning, should these conditions not become tools for design in architecture? Does this not suggest that the modern conception of space has deformed itself into something completely different from that of our European counterparts?Master of Architecture
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Isik, Bora. "The Restoration Project Of Cin Kule In Payas, Antakya". Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605510/index.pdf.
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al-Jawahrah, Hani Muhammad. "The native architecture of ʻAsīr region in Saudi Arabia : stone duct towers of the highlands". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/26823.
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This thesis is about the native architecture of the highlands of the Asir region in the south-western corner of Saudi Arabia. The thesis is made up of three parts. The first part introduces the region and its architecture. It has three chapters. The first chapter discusses significant cultural and social aspects of the people, and their impact on the architecture. The second chapter introduces the native architecture of the highlands, and classifies this architecture into towers and villages. It provides ground plans for the most important types of towers, and assigns them to their geographic and tribal context. The chapter also describes the basic features of these towers and villages. The third chapter describes the natural features of the highlands and their influence on selected stone-built villages. The second part is devoted to the study of one type of tower built in the central and south sections of the highlands: the duct tower. Twelve duct towers are under close focus in this part. This part has five chapters. The fourth chapter classifies the duct types of these towers and explores the purpose of the duct. Chapter five describes and argues the purpose of three duct grain towers built in different physical contexts. The first tower is an isolated tower. The second tower is built inside a compact stone village. The third tower and its companions overlook a stone village. Chapter six describes three duct defensive towers. The first tower is built inside a defended stone village. The second tower is built outside a compact village. The third tower is built within a fortress. Chapter seven describes three watch and retreat towers. The first tower is a simple duct tower. The second tower is of the platform-duct type. These two towers are built overlooking stone villages. The third tower is a round duct tower built beside grain fields. Other round towers are also discussed in this chapter.
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Hollett, Philip. "Sound towers : evoking the musical dimension of Gaudí". Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29560.
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Antoni Gaudi was the architect of the Sagrada Familia from 1883 to 1926. Over this period of time he prepared the overall design and supervised the construction of the Nativity facade. One of Gaudi's main design objectives was to include tubular bells in the tall slender towers. It has been said that through his sound studies for these bells, Gaudi developed his musical sentiments most fully. Through the sound of bells, accompanied by song, he imagined a festive environment around the temple. These considerations might be seen as reflecting the overall spirit of the time, as Catalonia was in effect experiencing a cultural rebirth known as the Renaixenca . Originating with the call of the poets, this time of exuberant growth for Catalonia was one that was built upon the rebirth of language. As a result, language through poetry continued to be celebrated throughout the century, particularly through annual poetic contests called the Jocs Florals. This paper studies the facade of the Nativity as a expression of this culturally exuberant time by exploring how the Jocs Florals, and poetry in general, may have played a role in shaping its form and sound. The study also acknowledges the fact that Gaudi's inspiration for his design was derived from symbolism associated with the Catholic liturgy. The result is architecture that might be described as a union of religious and cultural symbolism, yet ultimately its festive expression is a poetic one. As such, the Sagrada Familia might be described as a celebration that is a call to gathering.
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Liu, Peng. "Reestablishing identity of individual homes in high-rise residential towers". Virtual Press, 2001. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1217401.
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High-rise residential tower is an inevitable and prevalent building type in high-density areas such as China. Because of the large population such buildings accommodate, improving the quality of people's lives in these towers has significant meaning. One of the important problems in such environments is the loss of identity of individual homes. This occurs because living spaces cannot fit individual families' unique and changing physical and spiritual needs. People can identify their lives and express their individual values in their homes in only the most meager ways. Consequently, people and their communities suffer deeply for the loss of identity of individual homes.The first focus of this thesis is to bring the question of individual control into light with the issue of identity of individual homes. Identity of any built environment results from the interplay of both shared values and individual values. In an identifiable and accommodating environment, both value sets should be in balance, over time. In high-rise residential towers, individual values are hardly presented because of the lack of individual control. So the radical way to establish identity of individual homes is to enable individual control in the building process.The second focus of this thesis is a study in architectural design of the distribution of control in such high-rise environments. Two kinds of individual controls are assumed and distributed: the control of the dwelling layouts and the control of dwelling unit facades. To enable these tow configurations of parts to be subject to individual control, propositions for setting up a new balance between centrally controlled parts and individually controlled parts in high-rise residential towers are put forward.To demonstrate these propositions, a specific high-rise residential tower in Beijing is redesigned to the solution of technical problems, regulatory issues and conventions when control is distributed. Individual control of both the dwelling layouts and the facades are simulated in a methodical way.Finally, notes about supportive products and management techniques, broader developments in other types of high-rise buildings, and the cultivation of shared values out of individual values are offered.Department of Architecture
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Nadal, Herman Alejandro. "La Costa Residences: A Tower by the Shore". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56660.
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This thesis choreographs the procession around and within a tower. An alternating sequence of compression and expansion of space creates a rich spatial experience. Each moment along the sequence is meant to complement or contrast the others, exaggerating their effect. The tower's form is designed by producing and then selecting from a series of potential solutions. Each iteration is guided by the aforementioned sequence of spatial conditions.Master of Architecture
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Athienides, Despina. "Re-inhabiting the void". Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05182005-112337.
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Anderson, Charles Nicholas, e charles anderson@rmit edu au. "Ephemeral Architectures: towards a process architecture". RMIT University. Architecture and Design, 2009. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20091104.143239.
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This PhD responds to a two fold problem with the philosophy of design and the practice of design. The philosophical problem is stated as the discrepancy between a dominant philosophical framework that orders the world according to eternal essences and the actual conditions of the world in which we exist: the conditions of becoming and of flux. Commencing with a critique of the western metaphysical tradition of statics this research project proposes that we need to find a way of describing an evolutionary model of practice, and by so doing to provide a revitalised narration of process. Consequently, the PhD explores the meanings of process through a critical examination of an ensemble of projects created by the author. Within this framework, a number of questions are posed in order to explore the proposition of a process practice. These questions are: What is process? How does one think process? Indeed, how do we get to grasp change? What are the consequences of process thinking on the practices of design, their fields of operation, and their productions? And, how can the thematising of process contribute to the design of the constructed environment, as well as reconfigure the practices of design? This thematising of process is argued to involve a necessary address to the constitutive and interrelated characteristics of process: space/time, movement, change, form and matter. Such an address is also seen to problematise the status of the object, the paradigms of representation, the modes of creation, the economies of exchange, and the structures of community, and to offer a modality of practice which would re-imagine the forms of social exchange to offer an ethical alternative to the tyranny of supply and demand, and thereby reconfigure the potential for dwelling. Making an overview of the discourses and practices engaging with theories of becoming, this thesis argues that almost all of these re-inscribe statics and that consequently the practice of design seems to drag behind our understanding of the world. Through a meditation on dis/appearance, in which the dynamics of being and becoming and the restless ambiguity of the gap are examined, the work establishes a process vocabulary, and makes clear through a material practice, the domains of process thinking, its inclinations, and the kinds of operations and procedures that flourish there. Foregrounding the fertile character of process practice, the PhD then proceeds to introduce notions of the movement-form, the duration-form, the transformational-form, the geometry of encounter, and to argue for physical form as an in-movement poise. Advocating new modes of approach and of attentiveness, and demonstrating new generative methods, this PhD argues that process thinking is not simply an operational stance, but an ethical position that identifies a field of care, and that consequently the design practices be expanded by taking seriously the relationship between process thinking and place making. Thus, this thesis concludes by advocating a mode of place making which, rather than reproduce planned environments as systems of control, configures place as the discursive contested place of encounter and exchange.
Livros sobre o assunto "Towers architecture"
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Steven, Izenour, ed. White Towers. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2007.
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Flora, Cipriani, ed. Towers. Speyer: Marsilius, 2011.
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Barrow, Lennox. Irish round towers. Dublin: Country House, 2000.
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Engineers, Battle McCarthy Consulting. Wind towers: Detail in building. Chichester: Academy, 1999.
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J, Crosbie Michael, ed. Petronas Towers: The architecture of high construction. Chichester: Wiley-Academy, 2001.
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Stephen, Hart. The round church towers of England. [Great Britain]: Lucas Books, 2003.
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Luciana, Ravanel, Ante prima consultants e Jacques Ferrier architecte (Firm), eds. Making of Phare & Hypergreen towers. [Brussels]: AAM Éditions, 2006.
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Jiaming, Yang, e Zou Libo 1980-, eds. Qing Zang Gaoyuan diao lou yan jiu. Beijing: Zhongguo she hui ke xue chu ban she, 2012.
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Tā-re-skyid e Agen, eds. Dong fang jin zi ta: Gao yuan diao lou. [Beijing]: Zhongguo Zang xue chu ban she, 2011.
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Çoku, Dritan. Kulla e sahatit në Shqipëri: Historia dhe arkitektura : monografi. Tiranë: ALSAR, 2021.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteCapítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Towers architecture"
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Bahadori, Mehdi N., Alireza Dehghani-sanij e Ali Sayigh. "The Architecture of Baudgeers". In Wind Towers, 63–100. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05876-4_3.
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Horrocks, Ian, Bijan Parsia, Peter Patel-Schneider e James Hendler. "Semantic Web Architecture: Stack or Two Towers?" In Principles and Practice of Semantic Web Reasoning, 37–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11552222_4.
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Alvarez, S., E. A. Rodríguez e J. L. Molina. "The Avenue of Europe at EXPO’92: Application of Cool Towers". In Architecture and Urban Space, 195–201. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0778-7_28.
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Li, Xuemei. "The Drum Towers as the Cosmological Centre of Separation and Reunion". In Architecture, Ritual and Cosmology in China, 74–108. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003228837-3.
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Barber, Daniel A. "Living Too Close to the Sun". In Solarities, 169–78. Earth, Milky Way: punctum books, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53288/0404.1.15.
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Since about 2010, a number of so-called supertall residential towers have arisen in Manhattan, puncturing the skyline. Referred to as pencil towers for their tall, skinny profile, these buildings represent the pinnacle of a contemporary form of architectural excess, a virtuosic expression of the financial machinations of the super-rich. They are also reliant on excessive carbon expenditures – tall, sealed buildings that cannot be lived in without mechanical heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning systems. What is especially suggestive, in the context of solarity, are the precise terms of that excess. Luxury and exclusivity are expressed in height, in proximity to the sun. And yet, the mechanical capacity to reach that height is served by a dramatic increase in mechanical conditioning derived carbon emissions. In this sense, the towers express, at least in a schematic, diagrammatic fashion, a more general condition: how concepts of value and innovation are caught up in the priorities of capital, making them difficult to align with the capacity for solar liberation. The essay reads these towers through the energy imaginaries of Gibson, Ghosh, and Bacigalupi, offering a counter model for how innovation in architecture can be and can resonates more equitably across social and ecological conditions.
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McAleer, J. Philip. "The First Façade of Old St Paul's Cathedral: Did it have Flanking Towers?" In X MEDIEVAL ART, ARCHITECTURE AND ARCHAEOLOGY in London, 64–73. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315091280-5.
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Flórez, Yenny P., Alba J. Jerónimo, Mónica E. Castillo e Adán A. Gómez. "User-Based Cognitive Model in NGOMS-L for the Towers of Hanoi Algorithm in the Metacognitive Architecture CARINA". In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 473–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32022-5_44.
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Skogstad, Morten, Thomas D. Brunoe, Kjeld Nielsen e Ann-Louise Andersen. "Product Architecture Mining: Identifying Current Architectural Solutions". In Towards Sustainable Customization: Bridging Smart Products and Manufacturing Systems, 694–701. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90700-6_79.
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Boeckl, Matthias. "Flugsicherungsstelle Tower Flughafen Salzburg". In TREUSCH architecture, 134–35. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-69290-5_26.
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Jabraeil Jamali, Mohammad Ali, Bahareh Bahrami, Arash Heidari, Parisa Allahverdizadeh e Farhad Norouzi. "IoT Architecture". In Towards the Internet of Things, 9–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18468-1_2.
Texto completo da fonteTrabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Towers architecture"
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Hejazi, M., e B. Hejazi. "Cooling performance of Persian wind towers". In ECO-ARCHITECTURE 2012. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/arc120181.
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Caniglia, Maria Rossana. "La Torre di San Francesco a Palmi nelle vedute di Edward Cheney del 1823: immagini di un baluardo scomparso del sistema difensivo vicereale della Calabria Ultra". In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11479.
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The Tower of San Francesco in Palmi in the views of Edward Cheney of 1823: images of a disappeared bulwark of the viceregal defensive system of Calabria UltraTo oppose the phenomenon of waves of Turks threatening the most exposed areas of the Kingdom of Naples, the viceregal government ordered from 1535 the construction of a continuous and articulated chain of defensive coastal towers. In Calabria, on behalf of the Viceroy Pedro di Toledo, the Marquis Francesco Pignatelli developed a project to identify the most suitable and strategic sites where to build the towers along the Tyrrhenian and Ionian coasts. This network included 69 towers in Calabria Ultra and 33 in Calabria Citra, clearly visible from each other at a maximum distance of six thousand steps. Most of these towers have lost their original function over time, and after the taking of Algiers in 1830, some were used as customs posts or torri semaforiche, and then be permanently abandoned. Today almost all of them are ruins. The cartographic sources and above all the iconographic ones, testify the importance of this defensive system of towers suspended between the land and the sea and arranged one after the other, real sentinels of the Mediterranean. On this occasion, the focus is on the Tower of San Francesco, was probably built in 1565, in Capo Barbi in Palmi, along the Tyrrhenian side between Reggio Calabria and Capo Vaticano. The bulwark was destroyed in 1956. The Tower of San Francesco, as evidenced by historical cartography and the views of Antonio Minasi in 1779 and Richard Keppel Craven in 1821, was portrayed in three drawings made by Edward Cheney during his travel to Calabria in May 1823. These views identify the characteristics of the architectural typology of the tower and the relationships with the town of Palmi; to relate it to the coastal towers of Pietre Nere (Taureana) and Capo Rocchi (Bagnara); and finally to the landscape of the Costa Viola up to the Strait of Messina.
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García-León, Josefina, Pedro Enrique Collado-Espejo, Filippo Fantini e Francisco Joaquín Jiménez-González. "Levantamiento y modelización tridimensional de la Torre del Negro o de Arráez, torre post-litoral del siglo XVI en El Algar (Región de Murcia, España)". In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11377.
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Graphic survey and three-dimensional modelling of the Negro Tower or Arráez, post-coastal tower of the sixteenth century in El Algar (Region of Murcia, Spain)Post-coastal towers or rural fortress towers, built in the sixteenth century on the Mediterranean coast, had the mission of protecting the population and enhancing the repopulation of these areas, heavily punished by incursions by berber pirates. The Negro Tower or Arráez Tower, in El Algar-Cartagena (Region of Murcia, Spain), is one of those post-coastal lookout towers and was built in 1585. It is shaped like a truncated pyramid, square plan and a height of about 14,00 m. Originally, it had three floors and a terrace. Despite its degree of protection (it is a monument), its current state of conservation is semi-ruined. It has no cover, the vault of the first floor has collapsed and presents cracks that threaten its stability. Therefore, a research project has been developed that has included, among other aspects, the graphic survey with two complementary techniques: digital photogrammetry and 3D laser scanning. The result is an exhaustive graphic documentation that allows understanding the construction and allows the consolidation and volumetric recomposition of the tower. With this work, it is intended to contribute to the conservation and recovery of the heritage value of the Tower, as well as the integration of the historical monument in its natural and landscape environment.
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Camiz, Alessandro, Marika Griffo, Emilia Valletta e Almira Khafizou. "The so-called “beach-tower” of Kyrenia city walls, Cyprus". In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11425.
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The so-called “beach-tower” is the smallest of the three remaining towers belonging to the Kyrenia’s medieval enceinte. Semi-circular in plan, with circa 6 m of diameter, the tower is today partially obliterated by the medieval urban tissue and is visible only from one side. Built during the twelfth-thirteenth centuries, this harbour overlooking tower is raised on a pedestal in the north-west inner corner of the city walled enclosure. The tower shows on the outside two windows that might belong to a later phase, being too wide as defensive openings, and includes fragments of the adjoining city walls that ran to the east, towards the castle and to the west towards the beach city gate. Kyrenia city’s walled defensive system was dismantled by the Venetians when the use of gunpowder cannon became prevalent, however, traces and records still remain enshrined in the medieval constructions. The paper, following the historical research, attempts to date the construction of this tower, and by examining the fortification remains with a digital survey, applies the comparison with other coeval examples together with the comparative analysis of the different masonry types.
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Errico, Fernando. "Le torri “tipiche del regno” in Terra d’Otranto: caratteri morfologici e differenze costruttive". In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11438.
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The “typical towers of the kingdom” in Terra d’Otranto: characteristics and constructive differencesTo those who travel through Puglia from the Gargano down to Capo di Leuca and from here to the Bradano, it impossible not to appreciate the variety of the coastal landscape that is characterized, from north to south, by the almost constant presence of fortifications. In particular, this presence becomes more concentrated and more perceptible in Terra d’Otranto, where the coastal cities are reduced to only the fortified strongholds –Brindisi, Otranto, Gallipoli and Taranto– while the landscape is characterized by the persistence of traces of over 80 towers. However, they cannot all be traced back to the same age and present themselves with different dimensions, materials and construction techniques. These differences are attributable to not only factors concerning when they were constructed, but above all related to the coastal orography where they are located as well as to the availability and ease of finding materials. In Terra d’Otranto there are five different types: a polygonal plan; “A priest’s hat”, circular towers, some of which are known as “towers of the Otranto series”, quadrangular-based towers with monumental stairs identified as towers of the “Nardò series” and, the most numerous, quadrangular-based towers noted as “typical of the Kingdom” towers. The latter, in particular, are recognizable by the formal and constructive styles adopted not only in the census towers in Terra d’Otranto and/or in the rest of Puglia, but on all the Mediterranean coasts affected by the general fortification plan ordered by Carlo V implemented by the Viceroy Don Parafan de Ribera, Duke of Alcalá. The proposed study intends to elaborate on the morphological characteristics and the constructive differences of this widely diffused typology and in particular to investigate the peculiarities of the “typical of the Kingdom” towers present along the coasts of Terra d’Otranto, the problems of conservation and use, as well as the relationship with the inland organisms and the role played in defining the landscape.
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Camiz, Alessandro, Marika Griffo, Seda Baydur e Emilia Valletta. "The chain tower in Kyrenia’s harbour, Cyprus". In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11459.
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In the Middle Ages a chain suspended between two towers defended the entrance of Kyrenia’s little harbour, like the chain across the Golden Horn in Constantinople. William de Oldenburg, who visited Cyprus in 1211 during the reign of King Hugh I, referred to Kyrenia as “a small town well-fortified, which has a castle with walls and towers”. He perceived the chain tower as part of Kyrenia’s fortification system in that time. The Byzantines had already fortified the city, but in the thirteenth century, during the Longobard war, before the siege of the city, Frederick II’s party, under the direction of Captain Philippo Genardo, improved the defences of the city. The chain tower is still visible today in the north side of the old Kyrenia harbour. It consists of an 8,15 m diameter cylindrical tower and a 1,5 m diameter pillar on top of it. The tower was supporting a chain attached on the other side to another structure. The fortifications on the north side terminated against the harbour in a square tower or bastion holding the chain to be raised and lowered by means of a windlass. The paper includes the digital photogrammetric survey of the chain tower using a structure from motion software, the historical research and the comparison with other coeval harbour defence constructions of the eastern Mediterranean.
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Ficarelli, Loredana, e Valentina Vacca. "Torri difensive e territori fluviali: architetture d’acque nel bacino del fiume Zhujiang, Guangdong". In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11529.
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Defensive towers and river territories: water architecture in the Zhujiang river basin, GuangdongThe contribution intends to provide a reading and an in-depth study of the defensive heritage located in the Zhujiang river basin and its delta in Guangdong, China. The paper focuses on the case of diaolou, defensive towers already listed as UNESCO since 2007, built from the sixteenth century until the first half of the twentieth century in Kaiping country. These buildings show an interesting mixture of some local models and typologies and specific characters and styles borrowed from western examples. The research takes as a privileged point of view the relationships that these settlement systems forge with the hydrographic resource, which generates a territorial groove that determines the morphology of the territory and constitutes a historical vehicle of crossings. The arrangement of the fortified towers with respect to the river line is influenced by centripetal and centrifugal actions aimed at responding to defensive needs in the geography of this territory. The heritage of the diaolou seems to respond to two types of defensive demands: one linked to historical facts and the frequent bandit raids that took place in the Guangdong area in the nineteenth century; the other connected to geographical and hydraulic data, as the protection from the phenomenon of inundation and the consequent placement of the towers in the floodplain of the Zhujiang river. The course of the river gets in shape through the architectural technique, in the construction of towers and defensive works and, in the same way, some aspects of the design of this territory are defined through the description of the forms of the river. Architecture, hydraulic engineering and geography work together in defining the form of the settlement and invest the scale of the buildings, generating specific architectural types and morphological characters suitable for responding to the problem of water control, conservation and distribution.
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Tricarico, Giuseppe. "Le fortificazioni litoranee di Terra d’Otranto: una panoramica sulle torri costiere della provincia di Lecce". In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11471.
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The coastal fortifications of Terra d’Otranto: a panoramic view of the coastal towers in the province of LecceDuring the Modern Age we witnessed the birth, consolidation and decline of great powers that dragged numerous political and religious conflicts with them. The Mediterranean Sea, as area of contact between the most distant Empires, experienced an era of intense naval activity in the form of piracy, race wars and armed deterrence, spreading along its shores with coastal watch towers. The organization of the defensive coastal system took place in intimate relationship with the territory, strongly characterizing the coasts which for centuries have seen them as the unique anthropical presence. Their exclusively military character has, however, inhibited their reuse over time, arousing until a few decades ago the disinterest of the community and their disavowal of architectures worthy of protection. The knowledge of the historical events and the morphotypological characteristics of the Apulian system of coastal towers thus becomes the starting point for their acknowledgment as fundamental identifying characters of the territory, finalizing their study to the re-appropriation of these assets by the community as strategical vehicles for the transmission of the local history and its intrinsic values. The classification of the towers in the province of Lecce has made them the object of spatial and typological analyses produced with the help of the opensource software “Quantum GIS” and geo-referenced on the official cartographic bases.
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Perojević, Snježana, e Branislav Trifunović. "The Aquila tower: a part of the Renaissance coastal defence system of Pučišća". In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11423.
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At the end of the fifteenth century the Ottoman Empire won the land at the middle of the eastern side of the Adriatic, between the town of Omiš and the Neretva River. Thus exposing the northern settlements of the island of Brač, which were under the Venetian Administration at the time, to immediate danger from the Turkish invasion. The settlement of Pučišća was particularly vulnerable. Therefore, the settlement was intensively fortified, and a series of thirteen individual small coastal towers was built, after which the entire settlement was named Castello Pucischia in 1600. One of these towers –the Aquila tower– had a key role in defending Pučišća during the Ottoman-Venetian War, also known as the War of Cyprus (1570-1573). The Aquila tower was built at the beginning of the sixteenth century and today it is a well-preserved detached building situated on the Pučišća coast. Despite all the damage and transformations endured in the past, all the tower elements have been sufficiently preserved to reconstruct its original appearance, including the residential character of the overall interior: a stone wardrobe and a built-in stone basin (Cro. pilo), a fireplace, stairs, as well as those of a defensive character: mechanisms for lifting the drawbridge, loopholes, cannon openings, channels for extracting gunpowder smoke. The wooden beams’ supports in the walls above the first floor have also been preserved, as well as the barrel vault over the ground floor and the groin vault over the second floor which are still intact even today. On the external of the tower, the original corbels of machicolations as well as the semi-circular cornice above the escarp are partially preserved. By analysing the remains of the tower and by studying historical and bibliographic sources, a reconstruction of the original appearance of the Aquila tower has been made, both for the external and internal part, including transformations that took place over the time, since its construction to the present day. This has contributed to the knowledge of the typology of Renaissance coastal fortifications as well as to providing basis for potential renovation and reconstruction of the Aquila tower.
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Chi, Chun-Chuan, Erik Jan Marinissen, Sandeep Kumar Goel e Cheng-Wen Wu. "DfT Architecture for 3D-SICs with Multiple Towers". In 2011 16th IEEE European Test Symposium (ETS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ets.2011.52.
Texto completo da fonteRelatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Towers architecture"
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Buddenberg, Rex. Toward an Interoperability Architecture. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, junho de 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada467957.
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Shetty, Prasad, Rupali Gupte, Dipti Bhaindarkar e Vastavikta Bhagat. Educational Ecosystem of Architecture in India: A Review. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/tesf2207.2024.
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"Formally trained architects in India participate in building habitation for less than 10 per cent of the population. Most architecture created through the involvement of architects produces segregation and discrimination towards certain classes, castes and genders. This study is concerned with the role of formal architectural education in addressing the habitation question and issues of spatial justice. Towards this, a review of the educational ecosystem for architecture has been undertaken. This ecosystem includes institutions, universities, regulatory bodies, journals, events, awards and offices. The study also briefly looks at cases of habitation making for the remaining 90 per cent who do not get served by trained architects. From our review, it is apparent that this ecosystem is structurally, institutionally and pedagogically insufficient to produce a relevant spatial culture, spatial justice or cultural sustainability. While it is structurally located within a political economy where education is a money-making enterprise, it is institutionally geared to reduce academia to educational organisations and pedagogically oriented to prepare students for a building industry of a certain kind. Yet, despite the odds, architectural institutions have been innovating and striving to create relevance. Their efforts will remain key for the overhaul of the ecosystem and they will have to steer the process of change."
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Clark, D., L. Chapin, V. Cerf, R. Braden e R. Hobby. Towards the Future Internet Architecture. RFC Editor, dezembro de 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc1287.
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Chastek, Gary, e Robert Ferguson. Toward Measures for Software Architectures. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, março de 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada446559.
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Chiang, Mung. Towards an Analytic Foundation for Network Architecture. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, dezembro de 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada535200.
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Goulthorpe, Mark. FULCRUM HOUSE – Towards a Sustainable Composite Architecture. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), janeiro de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1922708.
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Bachmann, Felix, Len Bass e Mark Klein. Deriving Architectural Tactics: A Step Toward Methodical Architectural Design. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, março de 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada413701.
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Felt, Eric J. Cost Considerations of Transition toward a Disaggregated Satellite Architecture. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, fevereiro de 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1018821.
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Kassab, Lora L., e Steven J. Greenwald. Towards Formalizing the Java Security Architecture of JDK 1.2. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, janeiro de 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada465148.
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Kemoklidze, Nino. The Humanitarian Coordination Architecture: Towards a New Hybrid Approach? Institute of Development Studies, março de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.061.
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Humanitarian coordination as an area of scholarly research has grown exponentially over the past decade and can be considered “a well-established and mature topic” now (Jahre and Jensen, 2021, 586).The global humanitarian coordination architecture seems to have more backing in terms of resources and support as well as knowledge and experience, than ever before. Despite this, on the ground, the humanitarian relief system continues to face challenges in the increasingly difficult operating environments whether it is protracted conflicts or other emergency situations causing mass displacement of populations (Healy and Tiller, 2014, p.4). This rapid review explores the following questions: how (if at all), has the current system adapted to these highly restricted operating environments? More specifically, is the current cluster system still relevant in such cases or can it be adapted for better use? And is there evidence to support that area-based approaches might be better suited to conduct adequate humanitarian coordination and planning? The evidence gathered in this report is based on a mixture of academic, policy, and practitioner-based literature.