Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Tourism SME networks"
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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Tourism SME networks"
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Seaton, A. V., e P. Alford. "Technology by the Book: BookTownNet and SME Cultural Tourism Networks". Information Technology & Tourism 4, n.º 2 (1 de fevereiro de 2001): 107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/109830501108750921.
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Schabacher, Gabriele. "Off the grid. Touristische Idyllen der Entnetzung". Sprache und Literatur 50, n.º 1 (8 de junho de 2021): 97–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/25890859-05001006.
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Abstract The article examines the relation of tourism and idyll in regard to the mediation of the tourist experience. Digital detox tourism and off grid tourism are two examples of contemporary tourism – including their respective practices and ways of promotion – that associate certain cultural stereotypes with the idyll. While digital detox tourism promises independence from the digital world, off grid tourism detaches the tourist from infrastructure and supplies. Paradoxically, the advertising of these types of ‘disconnection’ makes use of the same linked infrastructures that tourists are bound to leave behind. Thus, this article reveals the ways in which digital detox tourism and off grid tourism remain dependent on those networks.
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Gajdošík, Tomáš, Zuzana Gajdošíková, Vanda Maráková e Kamila Borseková. "Innovations and networking fostering tourist destination development in Slovakia". Quaestiones Geographicae 36, n.º 4 (1 de dezembro de 2017): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/quageo-2017-0039.
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AbstractThe paper focuses on the implementation of innovations and networking in the sector of tourism in two Slovak mountain destinations of international significance. The main objective of the paper is to identify and evaluate how innovations and networking contribute to tourist destination development in Slovakia. The implementation of institutional innovation resulted in the establishment of formal and informal networks. The developed networks consist of representatives of all sectors co-ordinating all relevant stakeholders. Formal and informal networks and the collaboration among stakeholders have launched other types of innovations in the tourism sector. The interactions and intensity of relations among stakeholders are analysed by network analysis. Destinations are compared with the network of the same size and density through quantitative network characteristics. Based on empirical research we investigate the impact of networks and innovations on tourist destination development. Due to the synergy effect of networking and implementation of multiple innovations, tourist destination development is observed.
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Abas, Mohamad Ilyas, e Alter Lasarudin. "Prediction of Arrival of Archipelago Tourists and Abroad Based on Regions Using Neural Network Algorithm Based on Genetic Algorithm". Indonesian Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Data Mining 1, n.º 2 (10 de outubro de 2018): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/ijaidm.v1i2.5640.
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Tourists are an integral part of the world of tourism. Generally tourists visit to see the diversity of an area. In Gorontalo, several tourist attractions have been visited by domestic and foreign tourists. This is certainly a large amount so that it can help improve economic growth in Gorontalo from the tourism sector. Therefore the need for knowledge of the number of tourists for the coming year. So that, it can provide an analysis of the consideration of the decision to the government to be able to prepare steps in building the economy of the tourism sector. The number of tourists can be made a prediction using the method in data mining namely the Neural Network. Neural Network is a good method for predicting non-linear datasets such as number of tourists. with the Neural Network method it can be done. Not only that, Genetic Algorithm will be used to optimize the parameters of the Neural Network so that it can increase the accuracy value that can be measured with the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) value. The results of this study indicate that the value of RMSE for domestic tourist data as follows: Gorontalo City: 0.116, Gorontalo Regency: 0.220, Boalemo: 0.073, Pohuwato: 0.142, Bone Bolango: 0.078, North Gorontalo: 0.093. For foreign tourists, Gorontalo City: 0.117, Gorontalo Regency: 0.178, Boalemo: 0.075, Pohuwato: 0.099, Bone Bolango: 0.124, North Gorontalo: 0.155.
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Trpeski, Pavle, e Vesna Korunovska. "ROAD TRAFFIC AND ITS SECURITY AS A FACTOR FOR PROGRESS OF THE TOURISM IN R. MACEDONIA". Knowledge International Journal 30, n.º 6 (20 de março de 2019): 1791–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij30061791t.
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In today's world of globalization and a quicker way of life, tourism in the modern world is one of the main export industries of each country and the Republic of Macedonia. Worldwide revenues in 2017 of about 7.6 billion (10.2% of global GDP) and 292 million jobs in 2016, equivalent to 1 in 10 jobs in the global economy. Worldwide tourism revenues have led many countries to seriously think about development of this industry branch which is highly profitable. One of the main factors for the progress of tourism is road transport, its security as well as the accompanying infrastructure. The security of the road infrastructure, ie the road network, pedestrian infrastructure, traffic and tourist signalization are the basic elements that are noted by both transit tourists and tourists who have decided on one of the Macedonian tourist destinations which have provided a significant comparative advantage over others. On the other hand, the numerous circumstances with it creates increased risks for all road users and for tourists, reducing the competitive advantage of attractive tourist destinations. The tourism progress affects many economic development springs, so that travel agencies and governments of countries that see in their service activity an opportunity to economic development and endeavor to make road traffic more secure for all and for tourists. With this work we see the synergies between road safety and tourism with reference to the Republic of Macedonia.
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Smyrnov, I. "TERRITORIAL AND LOGISTICAL ORGANIZATION OF URBAN TOURISM IN CONTEXT OF ITS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (UKRAINE’S CASE)". Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geography, n.º 72 (2018): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2721.2018.72.4.
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The territorial and logistic aspects of the integrated strategy of sustainable development of urban tourism, based on two concepts – tourism decentralization and reverse logistics are outlined. The first concept is based on the geologistical organization of the tourist space of the city, which includes such components as: geologistical (geographical and logistical) identification of the resource base of urban tourism; geologistical planning of tourist flows and determination of their needs; geologistical design of tourist infrastructure; geologistical design of supply chains of tourist infrastructure. At the same time, the geographical identification of the resource base of urban tourism means geospatial localization of tourist objects in the city. They should be considered as a kind of “tourist magnets”, which attract the flow of tourists to certain parts of the city. Accordingly, the territorial concentration of tourist objects causes a concentration of tourist flows, therefore these considerations should be taken into account when creating and placing new tourist objects in certain parts of the city so that there will be no territorial over-saturation of them. Consequently, instead of the territorial concentration of tourist objects in the central parts of the city, their territorial dispersion, that is, dispersion across the city territory, should be proposed. Logistical identification of the resource base of urban tourism means the definition of the logistic potentials of individual tourist objects, that is, the maximum possible tourist flows, which will not affect the sustainable development of tourism and the state of tourist resources. Geologistical planning of tourist flows and their needs means forecasting the size and structure of tourist flows and their needs, which can be divided into needs of the first and second levels. Geologistical planning of tourist infrastructure is to develop a network of tourism infrastructure objects in order to meet the previously determined needs of tourists of the first and second levels. The geologistical design of supply chains to ensure the functioning of tourism infrastructure objects includes the development of territorial transport and logistic schemes for their supply, taking into account the characteristics of the road network of cities and the locations of the objects themselves. The second concept involves an integrated approach to the recycling of the total amount of urban waste, including tourist one, taking into account their collection and removal from the city, as well as processing at special enterprises. The experience of Ukrainian cities of Lviv and Kyiv in this context is considered. At the same time Kyiv is more efficient in processing municipal waste, including tourist one, and Lviv faces the problem of the removal and recycling of urban waste, including tourist, over which the city now works.
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Bouguerra, Samia. "The Role Of Facebook In Activating Local Tourism : An Analytical Study". Management & Economics Research Journal 1, n.º 3 (30 de setembro de 2019): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.48100/merj.v1i3.44.
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The development of the world today in information and communication technologies has affected all aspects of the economic life of the countries, especially with the emergence of the Internet and the new media through social networks such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and others.
With the emergence of social networks on the Internet, the marketing of services, especially tourism services, depends on the human factor itself through the exchange and exchange of information about tourist areas, traditional products, hotels and others. The new era has begun to depend on the consumers themselves and their contribution to the promotion of services and places...
With the rapid development of social networks, especially Facebook, the importance of harnessing these sites to serve the tourism industry in the countries of the world in general and Algeria in particular, where the industry depends largely on the views of consumers and the spread of information among them, which opened a wide door to identify the places of tourism and hotels and offer services from By visiting people and benefiting from their services, which positively affects other users who may one day be tourists in the same areas.
Therefore, this study is an attempt to highlight the role of social networks and their contribution to the activation of tourism in general and local tourism in particular, taking the Facebook network model, through the analysis of the Facebook page beaches of Annaba, and answer the following fundamental question:To what extent does Facebook contribute to the activation of local tourism in Algeria?
JEL Classification: Z3, M3.
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Smolčić Jurdana, Dora, e Zrinka Sušilović. "PLANNING CITY TOURISM DEVELOPMENT: PRINCIPLES AND ISSUES". Tourism and hospitality management 12, n.º 2 (dezembro de 2006): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/thm.12.2.12.
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Contemporary trends on the world tourism market show that the number of tourists attracted by the cities in growing. Urban tourism is a growing tourism market and especially are attractive the cities in Europe. The cities as an important tourist destinations came of age during 1980s. The local governments came to recognize that tourism could have a role in urban economic development. The invisibility of tourism in cities partly arises from the fact that many facilities are used both by residents and visitors. Improving these facilities therefore provides benefits for local residents as well as assisting the promotion of tourism. City tourism development plan should be prepared as an integral part of global economic and social development plan of the city, with the main aim to integrate the tourism in existing urban economic development, and at the same time to prevent conflict situations. Tourism development in the city needs a network and cooperative relationships between local government, tourist organization, tourist agencies and different organizations/institutions in the city; public-private partnership is a must. In the paper are analyzed the main attributes, principles and goals of the tourism in the cities.
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Sánchez-Martín, José-Manuel, Marcelino Sánchez-Rivero e Juan-Ignacio Rengifo-Gallego. "Water as a Tourist Resource in Extremadura: Assessment of Its Attraction Capacity and Approximation to the Tourist Profile". Sustainability 12, n.º 4 (22 de fevereiro de 2020): 1659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041659.
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In inland areas water is an important resource for attracting tourists as is the case in Extremadura. For this reason this research aims to determine its attraction capacity for travelers from other parts of Spain. In 2017, 13,848 surveys were carried out in the tourist offices of the region, from which 3403 were selected from those practicing tourism related to water. This has allowed us to find out the type of tourist who visits the area and his/her origin. By means of a geographical information system, a network analysis was applied to determine the attraction capacity of certain infrastructures. This result confirms that the most frequently visited areas coincide with the presence of natural swimming pools, although reservoirs do not act as centers of attraction for tourists although they do for visitors. At the same time, it was found that tourists practicing activities related to water resources come from neighboring areas but their attraction capacity extends to distant areas which coincide with areas that were the destination for regional emigration. Moreover, we advocate the need for establishing tourist policies involving greater tourist exploitation of reservoirs and the deseasonalization of tourism in the northern area, where most areas prepared for bathing are to be found.
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Firzal, Yohannes, Chelsy Yesicha, Andry Sulistiyani, Safri . e Genny Gustina Sari. "REINFORCEMENT THE INDEPENDENT OF CULTURAL VILLAGE COMMUNITIES BY E-TOURISM IN KOTO SENTAJO". JHSS (JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL STUDIES) 4, n.º 2 (29 de setembro de 2020): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33751/jhss.v4i2.2480.
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This article is a research conducted in the cultural tourism village of Koto Sentajo. The research was initiated by creating a network with various related advice and assistance in improving the quality of local community skills through training and hands-on practice which aims to be able to help increase income for the village. Apart from the collection of Rumah Godang, this tourist village is also enriched with natural beauty such as protected forests, rice fields and rivers that have interesting potentials for the benefit of local residents. However, all the potential of this tourist village has not been well mapped as a tourist attraction and is supported by tourism promotion management. This then becomes an interesting object of research on how all the potentials of this tourist village can be mapped and helps strengthen community independence in managing existing tourism potential. This research puts forward the method of direct local community participation in data collection which is also supported by the method of interviews, observation and literature study. The research succeeded in carrying out a comprehensive mapping of tourism potential on a number of tourist objects, cultural attractions, culinary delights and local arts. In terms of strengthening the role, the community has begun to be able to receive live in tours through various involvement of tourism activities in their daily activities. This new phenomenon in the life of cultural village communities is an indication that the community can grow and develop in terms of tourism through inclusive behavior in accepting tourists and at the same time promoting local tourism potential towards e-tourism
Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Tourism SME networks"
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Wessels, Althia Chavianca. "Social networks utilised by SME's within the tourist destinations of eastern Free State / A.C. Wessels". Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9252.
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South Africa the development of small tourism businesses are extremely vital for job creation and a development of a new economy. The South African tourism industry has to look at more innovative ways for marketing their products and services to develop the small tourism businesses. The arrival of web 2.0 led to the development and evolution of web-based communities, hosted services and web applications such as social networking sites. Social networking sites have encouraged new ways to communicate and share information on the web. When it comes to online networking, websites are commonly used. These websites are known as social networking sites and function as online communities on the internet. Social networking sites are currently one of the applications of Web 4.0 developments. This means creation by the majority and web participation a necessity. The importance of customer engagement enablement is recognised. Operating systems are in cloud-computing. The communication medium became social media systems and people sell everything via desktop, mobile, tablets and iTV.
This study focuses on the Eastern Free State tourism destination and its development through social networks. The main aim of the study is to critically analyse the application and effective utilisation of social network site technologies within the Eastern Free State tourism industry and to explore this objective of social network applications used within the small businesses in Eastern Free State tourism industry. The empirical study was conducted by means of a field study using a structured questionnaire and interviews with key stakeholders. Data from 60 small tourism businesses were collected and a total of 55 businesses restricted to Eastern Free State Drakensberg were analysed in the process of collecting the peer-aided questionnaires. The biggest problems in the use of digital media are knowledge to develop a proper product that has measured marketing outcomes for the small business.Thesis (MBA)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.
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Braun, Christine. "A qualitative analysis of the networks of tourism SMEs in Germany : managing business networks for knowledge transfer". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2015. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28592/.
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Theoretically, it is said that social capital encourages individuals and entrepreneurs to engage in business networks. Social capital is the sum of the resource benefits an organisation derives from its network of relationships. These external knowledge sources are particularly relevant for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) because of their lack of internal knowledge stock. Yet, social capital theories have primarily been investigated from a structural perspective to measure benefits through centrality and position in structural holes. To understand the resource benefits, however, it is first necessary to understand what knowledge is available, second the content of the relationship, and third the context and conditions that influence these inter-organisational knowledge transfer relationships. Thus, in this thesis, a relational approach is adopted to generate knowledge on inter-firm relationships at the SME level in order to explore how tourism business networks are operated and managed in such a way that enables the knowledge transfer. This study looks into the business networks in which the SMEs of the tourism industry engage, explains the meaning they ascribe to the knowledge transfer potential among these networks, how they exploit the networks, what knowledge is made available, and the managerial as well as contextual factors that influence the network operation and management. A multi-method qualitative strategy was used to investigate naturally emerging business networks in North-East Germany’s tourism industry. A snowball network sampling procedure was applied, from which two network zones emerged, a closed coordinated small network and the members’ individually built business relationships beyond this network. The research was informed by three rounds of qualitative data generation and collection. In total, 12 first-round interviews were used to enter the field, a second-round workshop and discussion group with 31 participants was used to generate preliminary findings and facilitate access, and in the third round 38 semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted to generate data for the main empirical study. This qualitative data analysis was complemented and supported with data from informal conversations and observations, collected documents and field notes, as well as a secondary data review. The study contributes to the body of knowledge on tourism SME networks and the availability and transfer of knowledge. Its original contribution is in providing a greater knowledge and understanding of the cognitive and relational component of social capital, particularly in the formation of a network. It further adds to both literature and theory on network coordinators by unpacking and circumscribing their boundaries. The study also theorises the cult of personality in a network context. In addition, it contributes to the understanding of the role of regional tourism organisations (RTO) in that it explored how different strategies lead to a collaborative environment, effective communication and member exchange. Thus, this research contributes to the conversation of SMEs, tourism business networks, coordination, and knowledge transfer.
Livros sobre o assunto "Tourism SME networks"
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She hui wang luo shi jiao xia de xiang cun lü you jue ce yan jiu: Yi Shandong Yangjiabu he Hekou Cun wei li = Making sustainable rural tourism policies from a social network perspective. Jinan Shi: Shandong da xue chu ban she, 2011.
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Montenegro Velandia, Wilson, Jhon Jaime Arango Benjumea, Jhon Fredy Acevedo Restrepo, Adriana Milena Bermúdez Cardona, Vícthor Manuel Caicedo Valencia, Claudio Marco Cartagena Rendón, Jonathan Guerrero Gutiérrez et al. Competitividad turística como motor de desarrollo regional. Editado por Wilson Montenegro Velandia. Ediciones Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/9789587601589.
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Tourism growth is a trend in the 21st century. And more for Colombia, which in recent years has undergone a process of social and political transformation, which has strengthened security indicators, so the country has become a very popular international tourist destination. This book presents a competitive development model for the tourism sector in the research and implementation phases. To do this, we expose the case of the southwest of Antioquia. We begin with the analysis of the relevant strategies to achieve the competitiveness of the tourism cluster in this subregion as a development engine. From there, we present conclusions and recommendations that contribute to choosing more efficient strategies to standardize services in productive units that want to act as a network of companies. Also, we show some forms of organization that can make the management of a tourism product, resources, and competitiveness of the subregion more efficient; as well as the aspects that should continue to be strengthened for the construction of a product in this field. The southwest of Antioquia has great potential for its natural and cultural wealth. But it is essential to clearly articulate the different services to create an experience that impacts tourists and makes the territory a truly competitive space.
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Hertz, Rosanna, e Margaret K. Nelson. The Tourists. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190888275.003.0008.
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The members of the Tourists are not really sure what they are looking for when they connect with other people to whom they are connected by reliance on the same sperm donor. The mere existence of donor siblings is a novelty to the members of this network, but like tourists who are only curious about the sites in a different land, a brief visit with the others suffices. Interestingly, the donor makes himself known to this network, but he too is a tourist who sets clear limits on what he has to offer the children born from his sperm donation. The Facebook group and holiday cards sent within the network are reminders of membership, but there is little other interaction. Born between 1994 and 2001, the kids interviewed are between sixteen and nineteen years old.
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Esterhammer, Angela. Identity Crises. Editado por Paul Hamilton. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696383.013.39.
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This chapter addresses the European dimension of nineteenth-century celebrity culture, the extent to which it involves international media networks and figures who, in person and by reputation, crossed borders to engage with multiple publics. Fame on an international scale was facilitated by the reopening of the continent to travel and tourism after the Battle of Waterloo in 1815—but the post-Napoleonic era also altered the conditions of fame, and as the effects of celebrity culture made themselves felt, so did some ironic counter-currents. In the wake of the personality-driven poetry of Byron or the novels and essays of Mme de Staël, late Romantic literature manifests certain anti-celebrity impulses. All of this brings the issue of personal identity to the forefront in the literature and culture of the early nineteenth century, a moment when Romanticism’s recently awakened concern with unique subjectivity confronts the spectre of externalized, commodified, reproducible selves.
Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Tourism SME networks"
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Scaglione, Miriam, Yasuo Ohe e Colin Johnson. "Tourism Management in Japan and Switzerland: Is Japan Leapfrogging Traditional DMO’s Models? A Research Agenda". In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2021, 389–402. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65785-7_37.
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AbstractSimilarities may be seen in the development of tourism in Japan and Switzerland during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, especially in terms of the origins and purpose of their respective national tourism offices. In the twenty-first century, however, fundamental differences became evident. During the first decades of the twenty-first century, Switzerland, that had been quick to see the opportunities of e-tourism, was less dynamic in response to the fourth and fifth industrial revolutions, whereas the opposite happened in Japan. Switzerland as with Austria and Germany, adopted a traditional concept of DMO’s that was location-base and limited regionally by administrative boundaries. The Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) development after Web1.0 and the emergence of mobile applications have challenged this concept. A more contemporary view is based more on network travel and visitor flows rather than physical territory. The Japan Central government decided to adopt the western DMO concept as regional tourism policy, but relatively late in 2016.The aim of this innovative research project is to analyze the adoption/implementation of the new concept of DMO’s focusing on Switzerland and Japan. For Switzerland, the main barrier is the scarcity of data given the slower uptake of the technology emanating from the fourth and fifth industrial revolutions. In Japan, the situation may be seen to be inverted, given the country’s proclivity to adopt the advantages from the latest industrial revolution. This may mean that Japan could leapfrog the traditional DMO concept. This research presents the Bass’ analysis of DMO’s websites as a proxy of DMO concepts – traditional or new generation.
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Mitolo, Nicola, Paolo Nesi, Gianni Pantaleo e Michela Paolucci. "Snap4City Platform to Speed Up Policies". In Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions, 103–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57764-3_7.
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AbstractIn the development of smart cities, there is a great emphasis on setting up so-called Smart City Control Rooms, SCCR. This paper presents Snap4City as a big data smart city platform to support the city decision makers by means of SCCR dashboards and tools reporting in real time the status of several of a city’s aspects. The solution has been adopted in European cities such as Antwerp, Florence, Lonato del Garda, Pisa, Santiago, etc., and it is capable of covering extended geographical areas around the cities themselves: Belgium, Finland, Tuscany, Sardinia, etc. In this paper, a major use case is analyzed describing the workflow followed, the methodologies adopted and the SCCR as the starting point to reproduce the same results in other smart cities, industries, research centers, etc. A Living Lab working modality is promoted and organized to enhance the collaboration among municipalities and public administration, stakeholders, research centers and the citizens themselves. The Snap4City platform has been realized respecting the European Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), and it is capable of processing every day a multitude of periodic and real-time data coming from different providers and data sources. It is therefore able to semantically aggregate the data, in compliance with the Km4City multi-ontology and manage data: (i) having different access policies; and (ii) coming from traditional sources such as Open Data Portals, Web services, APIs and IoT/IoE networks. The aggregated data are the starting point for the services offered not only to the citizens but also to the public administrations and public-security service managers, enabling them to view a set of city dashboards ad hoc composed on their needs, for example, enabling them to modify and monitor public transportation strategies, offering the public services actually needed by citizens and tourists, monitor the air quality and traffic status to establish, if impose or not, traffic restrictions, etc. All the data and the new knowledge produced by the data analytics of the Snap4City platform can also be accessed, observing the permissions on each kind of data, thanks to the presence of an APIs complex system.
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Asero, Vincenzo, Simona Gozzo e Venera Tomaselli. "Shaping and Re-Shaping Tourism Areas". In Destination Management and Marketing, 483–503. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2469-5.ch028.
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Defining the boundaries of tourism destinations has been long recognised as a problem in tourism research. The authors aim to define the spatial configuration of tourism areas including different destinations within a same region. Tourist mobility is employed as a methodological criterion to reveal the network relationships among destinations and explain how tourism areas are being shaped and reshaped. The study combines Network Analysis methods and multinomial logistic regression models, in an approach to processing the data of a sampling survey, carried out in Sicily. The results show that the network structures among destinations affect the shape and dimension of tourism areas. Useful evidence for the spatial planning of tourism regions and destination management strategies are derived.
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Asero, Vincenzo, Simona Gozzo e Venera Tomaselli. "Shaping and Re-Shaping Tourism Areas". In Handbook of Research on Holistic Optimization Techniques in the Hospitality, Tourism, and Travel Industry, 305–25. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1054-3.ch014.
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Defining the boundaries of tourism destinations has been long recognised as a problem in tourism research. The authors aim to define the spatial configuration of tourism areas including different destinations within a same region. Tourist mobility is employed as a methodological criterion to reveal the network relationships among destinations and explain how tourism areas are being shaped and reshaped. The study combines Network Analysis methods and multinomial logistic regression models, in an approach to processing the data of a sampling survey, carried out in Sicily. The results show that the network structures among destinations affect the shape and dimension of tourism areas. Useful evidence for the spatial planning of tourism regions and destination management strategies are derived.
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Andrade, Pedro. "Cultural E-Tourism Depicted by Digital Discourse". In Innovative Perspectives on Tourism Discourse, 1–17. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2930-9.ch001.
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This chapter aims to reflect on cultural e-tourism and the regimes of innovative discourses about this process. Cultural e-tourists look for fruition in what regards the cultural e-heritage, which means the cultural heritage propagated through the discourses of digital media and cyberspace, but in connection with physical mobilities and urban institutional discourses. Mobilities refer to processes, actors and things that are on the move within our contemporary society, namely across social and discursive networks. The author also presents some previous personal research about leisure, tourism, urban cultures and arts, that compared pre-modern, modern, and post-modern configurations of tourism's processes. Projects on this subject should be more debated among social science scientists, tourism professionals, and citizens. In particular, projects about innovative mobilities and cultural e-heritage discourses at diverse localities, where local public policies intend to constitute them as smart cities and as UNESCO Creative cities.
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Asero, Vincenzo, Sebastiano Patti e Stefania Skonieczny. "Cooperative Optimization of Tourism Networks". In Handbook of Research on Holistic Optimization Techniques in the Hospitality, Tourism, and Travel Industry, 348–64. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1054-3.ch016.
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A tourism network is determined by close collaboration among various stakeholders working interactively on common problems or issues through formal and informal approaches. As many cases highlight, informal relationships contribute to the formation of formal partnerships. In this study a game theoretical model is applied to explain the decisional process of entrepreneurs about forming partnerships in formal tourism networks. The model shows that, in terms of Nash equilibrium, the cooperative optimization of a tourism network should be achieved when entrepreneurs have the same business goals and a common tourism vision The chapter presents an empirical solution that arises from the case of Business Networks in Italy, which represents an innovation in Italian Law.
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Ribeiro de Almeida, Cláudia, Célia M. Q. Ramos, Maria del Mar Alonso Almeida, Paula Odete Fernandes e Lucas Estrada Gamarra. "Deepening the Use of Social Media and Tourism Travel Behaviour". In Handbook of Research on Social Media Applications for the Tourism and Hospitality Sector, 66–81. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1947-9.ch005.
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The Internet has transformed people's daily lives, not only in the search of information but above all giving the possibility of buying several products and services in a quick and easy way. Social networks have emerged as the quintessential medium for sharing experiences and communicating tourist information to all players in the tourism distribution chain. Today, we can sell, search, consume, connect, and share experiences related to our travel or services on different social media platforms and some online communities that share the same interests. The focus of this chapter is to point out the use of social media along the travel process in order to understand the behaviour of tourists before, during, and after trip. Having in mind the travel decision-making process the authors prepared a questionnaire with several questions spread through Facebook and answered by 95 people. The authors present the results and main conclusions in the chapter.
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Chilembwe, James Malitoni, e Victor Ronald Mweiwa. "Peer Influence Mechanism Behind Travel Experience Sharing on Social Network Sites". In Handbook of Research on Social Media Applications for the Tourism and Hospitality Sector, 17–35. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1947-9.ch002.
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The way tourism consumers share travel experiences have changed tremendously in recent years. There is increased use of technology to distribute travel experiences via social networking sites. Travel companies are increasingly developing their websites in order to network with their tourism customers. These network sites play a significant role in receiving customer feedback using online reviews. As a result, travel companies can utilize their customer evaluations to improve products and service offerings. The visual images and textual postings on network sites have the power to motivate others to embark on travel. This chapter is about peer influence mechanisms behind travel experience sharing on the social network sites. It uses both phenomenology and ethnographic methodological approaches to analyze some of the comments and photographs posted on SNSs by tourists in Malawi. It concludes that most of the tourists traveling to Malawi were influenced by what is being shared on social network sites, yet others do visit out of curiosity to discovering new things.
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Hudson, Dr Simon, e Louise Hudson. "The Impact of Technology on Winter Sport Tourism". In Winter Sport Tourism. Goodfellow Publishers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.23912/978-1-910158-39-5-2742.
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We are witnessing a rapidly changing communications environment dominated by digital technology. To illustrate how quickly technology is advancing, take the example of Steven Spielberg’s sci-fi thriller Minority Report. In 1999, the director convened a three-day think tank to gather insights from 23 top futurists for the making of the movie, which depicted the world of 2054. The goal was to create a realistic view of a plausible future 50 years ahead. Projecting out from the present day’s marketing and media technologies, Spielberg depicted an advertising-saturated society where billboards call out to passers-by on a first-name basis, cereal boxes broadcast animated commercials, newspapers deliver news instantly over a broadband wireless network, holographic hosts greet customers by name at retail stores, and where biometric retina scans deduct the cost of goods instantly from bank accounts (Mathieson, 2002). The technologies portrayed in the film were far from science fiction, and today many are in use or are in development – an indication of the rapid pace of technological change. Technology and the Internet have fundamentally altered the way the world interacts and communicates. Traditional approaches to branding that put emphasis on mass media techniques are less and less effective in a marketplace where customers have access to massive amounts of information about brands, product and companies and in which social networks have, in some cases, supplanted brand networks (Keller, 2009). In the new media environment, consumers are increasingly in control. Not only do they have more choices of media to use, they also have a choice about whether and how they want to receive commercial content. In response marketers are employing more varied marketing communications techniques than ever before – see the Powder Matt Snapshot above for examples. Table 1 summarizes some of the interactive marketing communication options that are now available.
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Kachniewska, Magdalena. "Gamification and Social Media as Tools for Tourism Promotion". In Social Media Marketing, 1358–93. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5637-4.ch063.
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The goal of this chapter is to present the application of gamification mechanism and social media tools in the promotion of tourism regions and enterprises as well as the promotion of tourism activity itself. The framework distinguishes between stimulus characteristics of the game (promotion mechanism) that lead to sociological responses toward the game (tourism brand) and actual buyers' (tourists') behaviour. Though the game-like mechanism has been applied in tourism for decades and some funware elements are well known among teens – they hardly deal with competition of computer games. Two popular systems of tourism badges in Poland are thus discussed in order to look for reasons of their falling popularity and teenagers' resistance to participate in the systems. Mobile devices enable teens to combine playing and travelling. The development of mobile applications, integrating social gaming, and location-based technology has led to the growing interest in location-based social network marketing, particularly in tourism and hospitality. The chapter concludes with a proposal how to revitalize an old-school system of tourism badges through the modern gamification mechanism combined with social media tools.
Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Tourism SME networks"
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Murniningsih, Rochiyati, Yulinda Devi Pramita, Friztina Anisa e Eni Zuhriyah. "Analysis of Network Model Determinant on Tourism SMEs Performance". In 1st Borobudur International Symposium on Humanities, Economics and Social Sciences (BIS-HESS 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200529.155.
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Neumann, Hans-Rudolf, Dirk Röder e Hartmut Röder. "Diverse and rich fortified cultural heritage of the Iberian Peninsula. Basis for culture tourism with the European Culture Route Fortified Monuments FORTE CULTURA®". In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11394.
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Fortresses are architectural pearls, cultural sites, event locations, experience places and memorials, mostly situated at breath-taking places on mountains, rivers or in the under-ground. Fortresses are monuments of common European history, they mirror the past into the present, connect cultures and offer deep insights into the historical conflicts. Fortified monuments are part of what makes Europe unique and attractive. This cultural heritage has to be preserved and made accessible for the culture tourism at the same time. The Iberian fortified heritage has big potential for new culture touristic topics and travel routes away from mass tourism. Therefore, cultural routes are a useful instrument. The European Culture Route Fortified Monuments –FORTE CULTURA®– is the European umbrella brand for fortress tourism. It offers useful instruments for international marketing of fortified monuments. The implementation of the attractive architectura militaris of the Iberian Peninsula into the culture route FORTE CULTURA® makes it possible to network this culture asset touristically, make it visible and experienceable on international tourism markets and market it Europe-wide. By implementing a new touristic regional brand “FORTE CULTURA – Iberian Fortified Heritage” the qualified culture tourism will be addressed. This supports a balance between over and under presented monuments and extends the sphere of activity of local actors onto whole Europe.
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Wu, Xinlei, e Ying Zhang. "Study on the Rural Tourism Image of She Ethnic Group Based on Network Text Mining Analysis". In 2016 International Conference on Economics and Management Innovations. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icemi-16.2016.40.
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Kutluk, Aysegül. "Guerilla Marketing on the Internet and an Evaluation on the Tourism Industry". In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00765.
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At the present time, managements which can see and use alterations, they can remain stand and strive with their competitors. Changes are in managements only able to possible by using new strategies, that can make a management comperior under the competition clause. These strategies are: last trends, fun promotions, flash mobbings, guerrilla advertising and even the viral applications that can make people unwittingly a marketer. On the other hand, at the first times, while guerilla marketing was a method that small scale enterprise can struggle against the big bussiness, nowadays it is a very simple method which every management can apply easily.The aim of guerilla marketing is to make more sales, like traditional marketing. But, the methods that used, are different from eachother. This method try to find with very low budget some works, that will take place more higher from other traditional marketing methods' effects. This works have to be effective, different, enjoyable and unforgetable. That is possible to see them in out,on ethernet and somewhere of our life. Especially, these activities are organized contemplated by advertising agencies; diversified according to the imagination of the creators. Guerilla marketing and the other similar marketings are done especially online network in tourism sector of Turkey. The purpose of this study; is increasing the awareness of guerilla marketing as an alternative method in academic and sectorel context, that can increase the sales of tourism managements and at the same time can provide quickly and easily reach to their target group.
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Lin, Genevieve Shaun, e Kayvan Karimi. "Spatial Patterns in Mass Consumption: The Fast Food Chain Network and its Street Patterns, Clusters and Impact on Street Safety". In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5844.
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Can the fast-food chain network, to some extent, support the socio-spatial structure and safety of the street? Is there an urban spatial pattern within the ‘Chain Network’ and mass consumption? This papers dwells on spatial patterns on mass consumption in the global capitalistic cities of London and Tokyo, through the lens of the fast food chain network. Their symbols (for instance, the Golden Arches of McDonalds) are instantly recognizable both by locals and tourists. McDonalds started off as a hot dog stand in California in the 1940s and rapidly expanded across America in lieu of the mass usage of the automobile and construction of freeways. A foreigner can order easily from a McDonalds menu in Tokyo, without speaking Japanese, because the menu is created in a “global language”. Fast food chain stores, such as McDonalds and Starbucks, seem to be sprouting in every street corner, even as much as 3 of the same shop on the same street. You don’t have to find them, because they will find you. Rather than casting them aside as complex economic or political factors, the first part of the research focuses on its spatial clustering, and to see if there is an intrinsic spatial relationship with high-choice, or highly integrated streets. How far deep does the network go from the highest choice streets? The second part of the research will see if the clusters of fast-food chain, with their “night economy” would lead to safer and more pleasant street and communities. Fast food chains do indeed play a vital spatial role in our physical communities in the 21st century.
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Elkafrawy, Sameh, Sameh Elkafrawy, Akram Soliman, Akram Soliman, Mohamed Bek e Mohamed Bek. "EVALUATING SHORELINE, URBAN AND ROADS CHANGES IN THE HURGHADA AREA, EGYPT, USING MULTISPECTRAL SATELLITE IMAGES". In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b9422c50d28.22324330.
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The rapid urban development in the Hurghada area since the 1980s has dramatically enhanced the potential impact of human activities. To inventory and monitor this urban development effectively, remote sensing provides a viable source of data from which updated land cover information can be extracted efficiently and cheaply. In this study, data from three satellite datasets, Landsat Thematic Mapper (Landsat 5 TM), Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (Landsat 7 ETM+) and Terra/Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER), acquired during 1987, 2000 and 2005, respectively, were used to detect and evaluate Hurghada's urban expansion. Five change detection techniques were tested to detect areas of change. The techniques considered were image differencing, image ratioing, image overlay, multidate principal component analysis (PCA) and post-classification comparison. The post-classification comparison was found to be the most accurate procedure and produced three land use/land cover (LULC) maps of the years 1987, 2000 and 2005 with overall accuracies of 87.8%, 88.9% and 92.0%, respectively. The urban expansion analysis revealed that the built-up area has expanded by 40 km2 in 18 years (1987–2005). In addition, 4.5 km2 of landfill/sedimentation was added to the sea as a result of the coastal urban development and tourist activities. The booming coastal tourism and population pressure were considered to be the main factors driving this expansion, and some natural and artificial constraints constrained the physical shape of the city. The expansion is represented by urban fringe development, linear, infill and isolated models. Topography, lithology and structures were also analysed as possible factors that influenced the expansion. The understanding of the spatial and temporal dynamics of Hurghada's urban expansion is the cornerstone for formulating a view about the future urban uses and for making the best use of the limited resources that are available [1]. A Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) image of 1987 and a Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) image of 2000 were used to examine changes in land use/land cover (LULC) around Hurghada, Egypt, and changes in the composition of coral reefs offshore. Prior to coral reef bottom type classification, the radiance values were transformed to depth invariant bottom indices to reduce the effect of the water column. Subsequently, a multi component change detection procedure was applied to these indices to define changes. Preliminary results showed significant changes in LULC during the period 1987–2000 as well as changes in coral reef composition. Direct impacts along the coastline were clearly shown, but it was more difficult to link offshore changes in coral reef composition to indirect impacts of the changing LULC. Further research is needed to explore the effects of the different image processing steps, and to discover possible links between indirect impacts of LULC changes and changes in the coral reef composition [2]. Knowledge and detecting impacts of human activities on the coastal ecosystem is an essential management requirement and also very important for future and proper planning of coastal areas. Moreover, documentation of these impacts can help in increasing public awareness about side effects of unsustainable practices. Analysis of multidate remote sensing data can be used as an effective tool in environmental impact assessment (EIA). Being synoptic and frequent in coverage, multidate data from Landsat and other satellites provide a reference record and bird’s eye viewing to the environmental situation of the coastal ecosystem and the associated habitats. Furthermore, integration of satellite data with field observations and background information can help in decision if a certain activity has caused deterioration to a specific habitat or not. The present paper is an attempt to utilize remote sensing data for assessment impacts of some human activities on the major sensitive habitats of the north western Egyptian Red Sea coastal zone, definitely between Ras Gemsha and Safaga. Through multidate change analysis of Landsat data (TM & ETM+ sensors), it was possible to depict some of the human infringements in the area and to provide, in some cases, exclusive evidences for the damaging effect of some developmental activities [3]. The coastline of Hurghada has experienced considerable environmental stress from tourist and residential recreational activities. Uncontrolled tourist development has already caused substantial damage to inshore reefs and imbalance in the hydrodynamic pattern of the coastal sediments. The objective of this paper is to investigate environmental changes using multitemporal, multispectral satellite data to identify changes at Hurghada caused by anthropogenic influences. Major detected changes include resort beaches, protection structures and landfill areas; these changes are mainly due to human intervention. Two Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images acquired in 1984 and 1997 are used for this analysis. The landfill areas formed during this period are calculated at about 2.15 Km2 . Whilst landfill creates new inexpensive land and improves access to the sea for tourists, it is the cause of environmental problems. In addition, land-use/land-cover and beach changes are determined over the 13-year period [4]. The Red Sea coastal zone is characterized by its sensitive, fragile, unique natural resources and habitats. In the Hurghada coastal region, major changes in the tourism industry have taken place in the last few decades. The detection of environmental changes, in a selected site of the Red Sea coastal zone, will be helpful to protect and develop this coastal environment. A methodology for separating natural and man-made changes in satellite images was developed. It was based on the following assumptions: (1) slow changes, which occur within the range of the class reflectance, represent a natural change rather than an anthropogenic one; (2) natural changes tend to be in the same land-use/land-cover class in each date, i.e. slow changes in the reflectance, not leading to changes in the type of land-use/land-cover class from the master image to the destination one; and (3) rapid changes in the reflectance of the Earth's objects are usually related to anthropogenic activities. This technique is used to identify and assess changes along the coast of Hurghada and Ras Abu Soma, the Red Sea. Results indicate serious human impacts and the necessity for control measures and monitoring. Recommendations are presented [5]. The rapid urban development of the Hurghada area began in early 1980 to build villages and huge tourist resorts and this has continued urban development and subsequent land filling and dredging of the shoreline and the destruction of coral so far. These coastal developments have led to an increase in shoreline land filling and dredging. Despite all the environmental laws of the organization to reduce infringement on the shoreline, the abuses are still ongoing. Change detection analysis using remote sensing is a very good tool to monitor the changes condition in urban development and shoreline. Four sensors was used in this study, three of them are, Landsat Multispectral Scanner (Landsat 1 MSS), Landsat Thematic Mapper (Landsat 5 TM), Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (Landsat 7 ETM+) and the another one is SPOT XS 4 (Originally Système Probatoire de l’Observation de la Terre), acquired during 1972, 1984, 1992, 2004 and 2011, respectively, were used to detect and evaluate Hurghada’s urban expansion and shoreline changes. After the images have been geometrically, radio-metrically and atmospherically corrected using ENVI 5.0 software, the digital number was transformed to the reflectance values and the images were ready to change detection process with the integration of geographic information system using Arc GIS 10 software. The results show that changes during the 39 years of the shoreline is 6.29 km2, (5.65 km2 accretion and 0.64 km2 erosion) and urban development is 16.47 km2 the road network is the 8.738 km2.
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Elkafrawy, Sameh, Sameh Elkafrawy, Akram Soliman, Akram Soliman, Mohamed Bek e Mohamed Bek. "EVALUATING SHORELINE, URBAN AND ROADS CHANGES IN THE HURGHADA AREA, EGYPT, USING MULTISPECTRAL SATELLITE IMAGES". In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b4316250187.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
The rapid urban development in the Hurghada area since the 1980s has dramatically enhanced the potential impact of human activities. To inventory and monitor this urban development effectively, remote sensing provides a viable source of data from which updated land cover information can be extracted efficiently and cheaply. In this study, data from three satellite datasets, Landsat Thematic Mapper (Landsat 5 TM), Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (Landsat 7 ETM+) and Terra/Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER), acquired during 1987, 2000 and 2005, respectively, were used to detect and evaluate Hurghada's urban expansion. Five change detection techniques were tested to detect areas of change. The techniques considered were image differencing, image ratioing, image overlay, multidate principal component analysis (PCA) and post-classification comparison. The post-classification comparison was found to be the most accurate procedure and produced three land use/land cover (LULC) maps of the years 1987, 2000 and 2005 with overall accuracies of 87.8%, 88.9% and 92.0%, respectively. The urban expansion analysis revealed that the built-up area has expanded by 40 km2 in 18 years (1987–2005). In addition, 4.5 km2 of landfill/sedimentation was added to the sea as a result of the coastal urban development and tourist activities. The booming coastal tourism and population pressure were considered to be the main factors driving this expansion, and some natural and artificial constraints constrained the physical shape of the city. The expansion is represented by urban fringe development, linear, infill and isolated models. Topography, lithology and structures were also analysed as possible factors that influenced the expansion. The understanding of the spatial and temporal dynamics of Hurghada's urban expansion is the cornerstone for formulating a view about the future urban uses and for making the best use of the limited resources that are available [1]. A Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) image of 1987 and a Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) image of 2000 were used to examine changes in land use/land cover (LULC) around Hurghada, Egypt, and changes in the composition of coral reefs offshore. Prior to coral reef bottom type classification, the radiance values were transformed to depth invariant bottom indices to reduce the effect of the water column. Subsequently, a multi component change detection procedure was applied to these indices to define changes. Preliminary results showed significant changes in LULC during the period 1987–2000 as well as changes in coral reef composition. Direct impacts along the coastline were clearly shown, but it was more difficult to link offshore changes in coral reef composition to indirect impacts of the changing LULC. Further research is needed to explore the effects of the different image processing steps, and to discover possible links between indirect impacts of LULC changes and changes in the coral reef composition [2]. Knowledge and detecting impacts of human activities on the coastal ecosystem is an essential management requirement and also very important for future and proper planning of coastal areas. Moreover, documentation of these impacts can help in increasing public awareness about side effects of unsustainable practices. Analysis of multidate remote sensing data can be used as an effective tool in environmental impact assessment (EIA). Being synoptic and frequent in coverage, multidate data from Landsat and other satellites provide a reference record and bird’s eye viewing to the environmental situation of the coastal ecosystem and the associated habitats. Furthermore, integration of satellite data with field observations and background information can help in decision if a certain activity has caused deterioration to a specific habitat or not. The present paper is an attempt to utilize remote sensing data for assessment impacts of some human activities on the major sensitive habitats of the north western Egyptian Red Sea coastal zone, definitely between Ras Gemsha and Safaga. Through multidate change analysis of Landsat data (TM & ETM+ sensors), it was possible to depict some of the human infringements in the area and to provide, in some cases, exclusive evidences for the damaging effect of some developmental activities [3]. The coastline of Hurghada has experienced considerable environmental stress from tourist and residential recreational activities. Uncontrolled tourist development has already caused substantial damage to inshore reefs and imbalance in the hydrodynamic pattern of the coastal sediments. The objective of this paper is to investigate environmental changes using multitemporal, multispectral satellite data to identify changes at Hurghada caused by anthropogenic influences. Major detected changes include resort beaches, protection structures and landfill areas; these changes are mainly due to human intervention. Two Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images acquired in 1984 and 1997 are used for this analysis. The landfill areas formed during this period are calculated at about 2.15 Km2 . Whilst landfill creates new inexpensive land and improves access to the sea for tourists, it is the cause of environmental problems. In addition, land-use/land-cover and beach changes are determined over the 13-year period [4]. The Red Sea coastal zone is characterized by its sensitive, fragile, unique natural resources and habitats. In the Hurghada coastal region, major changes in the tourism industry have taken place in the last few decades. The detection of environmental changes, in a selected site of the Red Sea coastal zone, will be helpful to protect and develop this coastal environment. A methodology for separating natural and man-made changes in satellite images was developed. It was based on the following assumptions: (1) slow changes, which occur within the range of the class reflectance, represent a natural change rather than an anthropogenic one; (2) natural changes tend to be in the same land-use/land-cover class in each date, i.e. slow changes in the reflectance, not leading to changes in the type of land-use/land-cover class from the master image to the destination one; and (3) rapid changes in the reflectance of the Earth's objects are usually related to anthropogenic activities. This technique is used to identify and assess changes along the coast of Hurghada and Ras Abu Soma, the Red Sea. Results indicate serious human impacts and the necessity for control measures and monitoring. Recommendations are presented [5]. The rapid urban development of the Hurghada area began in early 1980 to build villages and huge tourist resorts and this has continued urban development and subsequent land filling and dredging of the shoreline and the destruction of coral so far. These coastal developments have led to an increase in shoreline land filling and dredging. Despite all the environmental laws of the organization to reduce infringement on the shoreline, the abuses are still ongoing. Change detection analysis using remote sensing is a very good tool to monitor the changes condition in urban development and shoreline. Four sensors was used in this study, three of them are, Landsat Multispectral Scanner (Landsat 1 MSS), Landsat Thematic Mapper (Landsat 5 TM), Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (Landsat 7 ETM+) and the another one is SPOT XS 4 (Originally Système Probatoire de l’Observation de la Terre), acquired during 1972, 1984, 1992, 2004 and 2011, respectively, were used to detect and evaluate Hurghada’s urban expansion and shoreline changes. After the images have been geometrically, radio-metrically and atmospherically corrected using ENVI 5.0 software, the digital number was transformed to the reflectance values and the images were ready to change detection process with the integration of geographic information system using Arc GIS 10 software. The results show that changes during the 39 years of the shoreline is 6.29 km2, (5.65 km2 accretion and 0.64 km2 erosion) and urban development is 16.47 km2 the road network is the 8.738 km2.
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Marotta, Anna, Vincenzo Cirillo, Claudio Rabino e Ornella Zerlenga. "Rappresentare l’architettura fortificata per narrare e valorizzare il territorio della frontiera alessandrina". In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11473.
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Representing fortified architecture to narrate and enhance the Alexandrian territory borderThe Piemonte cultural territory is also characterized by the significant presence of complex defensive systems, grouped by types and orographic configuration. Specifically,this paper will address asystematic and unitary re-reading of the territory of the Alessandria area, which includes: the sixteenth-century Cittadella di Casale, of the Gonzagas; the Citadel of Alexandria (1732), by Giulio Ignazio Bertola; Valenza and its fortifications (from the “Spanish” period with interventions by Gaspare Beretta, also interested in the fort / Castello Tortona); that of Gavi (restored “in the modern” by Gaspare Maculano known as Fiorenzuola, the friar who condemned Galileo). Following thirty years international research, the objectives of the work are twofold: the first aims to physically connect in this system a “network” of thematically dedicated tourist itineraries, through documentary paths that reconstruct historical events, construction phases and transformation, (in similitude with the ECCOFORT project, in the province of Verona). Following other works, by the authors already dedicated to the Alexandrian, through the advanced 3D modeling (like the one carried out in the reconstruction of the fort of Gavi) the second objective of the present contribution will follow the same restoring and reconstructive procedure. Through digitalized anastylosis, even dynamized, the Castle of Tortona will be rebuilt on the basis –among other things– of the conspicuous documentation (dated 1799, the year of the Napoleonic siege, followed by demolition, in 1801) found at the Osterreichisches Staatsarchiv, Kriegsarchiv of Vienna. The critical reconstruction is now made possible thanks to the precious wealth of knowledge, matured over the decades by Marotta, Zerlenga, Abello: with (indexed) data, including metrics, graphics and visual returns. Drawing between real and virtual, it will be possible to reconnect individual episodes, comparable and critically selected information, by means of congruently connected interventions, both physically and digitally. Finally, in a project of knowledge, conservation and valorisation, the “local” dimension dialogues and integrates with the European dimension.