Artigos de revistas sobre o tema "Torre Agbar"
Siga este link para ver outros tipos de publicações sobre o tema: Torre Agbar.
Crie uma referência precisa em APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, e outros estilos
Veja os 47 melhores artigos de revistas para estudos sobre o assunto "Torre Agbar".
Ao lado de cada fonte na lista de referências, há um botão "Adicionar à bibliografia". Clique e geraremos automaticamente a citação bibliográfica do trabalho escolhido no estilo de citação de que você precisa: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
Você também pode baixar o texto completo da publicação científica em formato .pdf e ler o resumo do trabalho online se estiver presente nos metadados.
Veja os artigos de revistas das mais diversas áreas científicas e compile uma bibliografia correta.
1
Tandiono, Luis. "Jurnal Prinsip Perancangan Arsitektur Karya Jean Nouvel". ALUR : Jurnal Arsitektur 3, n.º 2 (23 de setembro de 2020): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.54367/alur.v3i2.748.
Texto completo da fonte
2
Gilabert Sanz, Salvador, e Ignacio Cabodevilla-Artieda. "Conversando con... Jean Nouvel". EGA. Revista de expresión gráfica arquitectónica 21, n.º 28 (29 de setembro de 2016): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ega.2016.6306.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
<p>Jean Nouvel obtuvo el Premio Pritzker de arquitectura en 2008, un reconocimiento a su trayectoria como arquitecto, dentro del grupo de los que podríamos denominar Star Arquitects. En el año 1966 consiguió la primera plaza en el examen de acceso para asistir a la escuela de Bellas Artes, École de Beaux-Arts, en Paris donde se licenció en arquitectura en 1972. Ya antes de acabar sus estudios colaboraba con Claude Parent, y alentado por las inclinaciones antisistema de su mentor y las lecturas de los textos y ensayos del urbanista Paul Virilio, fue forjando su propio pensamiento crítico. Esta manera personal de ver las cosas le llevó a ser uno de los miembros fundadores del Movimiento Mars 1976, cuyo objetivo era oponerse al corporativismo de los arquitectos, siendo posteriormente uno de los fundadores del Sindicato de la Arquitectura. Sus firmes posiciones y opiniones, un tanto provocativas, sobre la arquitectura contemporánea en el contexto urbano, junto con su manera de reinventarse a sí mismo en los proyectos que ha emprendido han forjado su imagen internacional. Sus obras han obtenido el reconocimiento en todo el mundo a través de numerosos premios, franceses e internacionales, de gran prestigio. En 1989, el Instituto del Mundo Árabe de París fue galardonado con el Premio Aga-Khan, por su papel como “un puente exitoso entre las culturas francesa y árabes”. En 2000, Jean Nouvel recibió el León de Oro de la Bienal de Venecia, y en 2001, tres de los más importantes premios internacionales: la Real Medalla de Oro del Instituto Real de Arquitectos Británicos (RIBA), el Premium Imperial de la Asociación de Bellas Artes de Japón y el Premio Borromini por el Centro de Cultura y Congresos en Lucerna. Fue nombrado Doctor Honoris Causa por el Royal College of Art de Londres en 2002. Tres años más tarde, recibió el premio anual de la Fundación Wolf en Israel “por proporcionar un nuevo modelo de contextualismo y la redefinición de la dialéctica entre las dos características más destacadas de la arquitectura contemporánea: concreción y efímero”. La Torre Agbar de Barcelona recibió el Premio Internacional Highrise 2006, “ya que hace una contribución excepcional al debate actual sobre los rascacielos”. En 2008 recibió el ya nombrado Pritzker Prize, y en Francia, ha sido galardonado con numerosos premios incluyendo la Medalla de Oro de la Academia Francesa de Arquitectura, dos Equerres d’Argent y el Gran Premio Nacional de Arquitectura.</p>
3
Delviza Syari, Maratun Shoaliha e Destiara Dwi Elsafitri. "EVALUASI PENGETAHUAN SWAMEDIKASI ANALGETIK PADA MASYARAKAT DI DESA KARANGSATRIA TAHUN 2022". JURNAL FARMASI KRYONAUT 2, n.º 2 (31 de julho de 2023): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.59969/jfk.v2i2.25.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Edukasi tentang swamedikasi serat penggolongan obat sangat diperlukan masyarakat, terutama di kondisi pandemi yang mengharuskan kita untuk berkegiatan di rumah saja. Terutama peran ibu dalam mengurus keluarga ketika salah satu anggota keluarga mengalami sakit, namun masih bisa dilakukan swamedikasi. Perlunya masyarakat juga memahami bagaimana penggunaan obat yang benar, efek samping obat, kontra indikasi, penyimpanan obat dan tanda-tanda kerusakan sediaan obat secara fisik agar dalam pengobatan secara swamedikasi tidak menimbulkan penyakit lain yang dapat membahayakan jiwa.
Menurut Torres et al (2018), salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan kesalahan dalam melakukan swamedikasi adalah tingkat pengetahuan yang rendah menyebabkan kesalahan swamedikasi dapat terjadi. Sehingga perlu dilakukannya uji tingkat pengetahuan dalam melakukan swamedikasi. Selain uji pengetahuan, perlu dilakukannya uji perilaku untuk mengetahui tingkat kesalahan swamedikasi yang dilakukan.
4
VÁSQUEZ P., CARMEN A., YAMILLÉ SALDARRIAGA-O. e DUVERNEY CHAVERRA-R. "Susceptibilidad de Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) de V estadío de desarrollo a la acción del hongo Beauveria bassiana". Revista Colombiana de Entomología 31, n.º 1 (30 de junho de 2005): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/socolen.v31i1.9407.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Se evaluó el efecto del hongo Beauveria bassiana (cepa UdeA13) en ninfas de quinto estado de desarrollo de Rhodnius prolixus bajo condiciones de laboratorio. El hongo se aisló de R. pallescens de la región de San Onofre (Sucre) y se cultivó en Agar Sabouraud Dextrosa (SDA). Las colonias de insectos se criaron y mantuvieron en condiciones controladas de temperatura de 25-27ºC y a una humedad relativa de 80% en oscuridad para su crecimiento y reproducción. Los insectos se alimentaron con sangre de gallina (Gallus gallus) semanalmente durante 1 h. Los tratamientos consistieron en suspensiones de conidios del hongo entomopatógeno B. bassiana en concentraciones de 3x105, 1x107, 3x108 y 3x109 conidios/ml, las cuales se asperjaron sobre los insectos utilizando un sistema emulador de la Torre de Pulverización de Burgerjon. A los insectos testigo se les asperjó una solución acuosa de Tween 80 (0,01%). Los efectos de las dosis del hongo B. bassiana se compararon entre ellas y los testigos. Se encontraron diferencias significativas (P<0,01) entre todos los tratamientos y el control así como entre todos los tratamientos sin el control. Las concentraciones 3x108 y 3x109 conidios/ml produjeron entre un 90 y 100% de mortalidad entre los días 7 y 9 después del tratamiento. Los resultados hallados en esta investigación indican que el hongo B. bassiana cepa UdeA13 puede ser considerado como agente de control biológico del vector R. prolixus.
5
Úrbez-Torres, J. R., F. Peduto, S. Rooney-Latham e W. D. Gubler. "First Report of Diplodia corticola Causing Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) Cankers and Trunk Cankers and Dieback of Canyon Live Oak (Quercus chrysolepis) in California". Plant Disease 94, n.º 6 (junho de 2010): 785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-94-6-0785a.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
The botryosphaeriaceous fungus Diplodia corticola A. J. L. Phillips, Alves & Luque was shown to be the most prevalent canker and dieback pathogen in cork oaks (Quercus suber L.) in the Iberian Peninsula causing a general decline of the trees as a consequence of canker formation in the trunks (1). In addition, D. corticola has been recently reported as a grapevine pathogen causing cankers in the vascular tissue of 1-year-old canes, spurs, and cordons in Texas (3). In 1998, Jacobs and Rehner reported one isolate of D. corticola from oak in California, but no information regarding the oak species from which the isolate was obtained and its virulence were available in the study (2). In 2009, D. corticola was isolated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with 0.01% tetracycline hydrochloride from symptomatic grapevine cordons and on acidified PDA from the trunk of a canyon live oak tree from Sonoma and Plumas counties, respectively. Two grapevine isolates (UCD1260So and UCD1275So) and one oak isolate (CDFA519) were examined and morphologically compared with previously identified D. corticola isolates CBS678.88 and UCD2397TX from cork oak from Spain and grapevine in Texas, respectively. D. corticola colonies from California were characterized by moderately fast-growing, dark olivaceous, and dense aerial mycelium on PDA. Conidia were obtained from pycnidia formed on pine needles placed on 2% water agar. Conidia were hyaline, contents granular, aseptate, thick walled, ellipsoidal, sometimes becoming dark brown and septate with age. Nucleotide sequences of three genes (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, a partial sequence of the beta-tubulin gene BT2, and part of the translation elongation factor EF1-α) from D. corticola isolates UCD1260So, UCD1275So, and CDFA519 from California were amplified. All DNA sequences from grapevine and oak tree isolates from California showed 99 to 100% homology with D. corticola isolates previously identified and deposited into GenBank. All DNA sequences obtained from Californian isolates were also deposited into GenBank. Pathogenicity tests were conducted by inoculating detached Vitis vinifera cv. Red Globe dormant canes and canyon live oak branches with agar plugs of isolates UCD1260So, UCD1275So, and CDFA519 (10 inoculations per isolate per host) as described by Úrbez-Torres et al. (3). The same number of grapevine canes and oak branches were inoculated with noncolonized agar plugs as controls. Six weeks after inoculation, the extent of vascular discoloration that developed from the point of inoculation was measured. D. corticola isolates UCD1260So, UCD1275So, and CDFA519 caused an average vascular lesion length of 30.4, 29.6, and 24 mm and 15, 13.2, and 8.6 mm in grapevine dormant canes and oak branches, respectively. Furthermore, D. corticola isolates from grapevine were pathogenic in oak branches and vice versa. Reisolation of D. corticola from discolored vascular tissue of inoculated material was 100%. The extent of vascular discoloration from inoculated grapevine canes and oak branches was significantly greater (P < 0.05) compared with the controls (1.8 and 2 mm, respectively). No fungi were reisolated from the slightly discolored tissue of the controls. To our knowledge, this is the first report of D. corticola causing grapevine cankers and oak trunk cankers in California. References: (1) A. Alves et al. Mycologia 96:598, 2004. (2) K. A. Jacobs and S. A. Rehner. Mycologia 90:601, 1998. (3) J. R. Úrbez-Torres et al. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 60:497, 2009.
6
Lynch, S. C., A. Eskalen, P. Zambino e T. Scott. "First Report of Bot Canker Caused by Diplodia corticola on Coast Live Oak (Quercus agrifolia) in California". Plant Disease 94, n.º 12 (dezembro de 2010): 1510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-10-0266.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Sharp decline and mortality of coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia) has been observed in San Diego County, CA since 2002. Much of this decline has been attributed to a new pest in California, the goldspotted oak borer (GSOB, Agrilus coxalis) (1). Symptoms include crown thinning, bark cracking and/or peeling, patches of stain (1 to 10 cm in diameter), bleeding on the bole, and tree death and are most often observed on trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) >30 cm. In 2008, a Botryosphaeria sp. was recovered from necrotic tissue of bleeding bole cankers from GSOB-affected trees in Jamul, CA. Zone lines separated dead and live tissue in affected phloem and xylem. Pycnidia were observed on the bark surface of the infected host. Fifty conidia averaging 32 × 18 μm, one-septate with age, and morphologically similar to conidia described by Úrbez-Torres et al. were observed (4). Oak stands with tree mortality were surveyed in GSOB-infested and -uninfested sites over eight locations throughout San Diego and Riverside counties in 2009 and 2010. Symptomatic tissue or conidia from pycnidia of affected trees, plated onto potato dextrose agar amended with 0.01% tetracycline and incubated at 25°C for 1 week, consistently produced cultures with dense, wooly, olive-green mycelium. Mycelia fit the description of Botryosphaeria corticola A.J.L. Phillips, Alves et Luque (anamorph Diplodia corticola) (2). The resulting amplified ITS4/5 region of two sequences matched 100% to published D. corticola sequences (GU799472 and GU799460) (4). These sequences were deposited with NCBI GenBank (HM104176 and HM104177). Koch's postulates were conducted by inoculating 2-mm-diameter holes on five coast live oak trees with D. corticola. Holes were drilled to the cambium at 2 to 4 locations per tree within 1 to 2 m up the bole using a 0.157-cm portable electric drill. Trees ranged from 3.7- to 32.4-cm DBH. Either single agar plugs from two isolates each of a 7-day-old culture (UCR454 and UCR793) or noncolonized agar plugs as uninoculated controls were inserted into the holes and then covered with petroleum jelly and Parafilm. Average temperature was 10°C, relative humidity of 64%, and no precipitation during inoculation. Inoculations were conducted at a location in San Diego County uninfested by GSOB and repeated twice. After 3.5 months, bark was removed from inoculation sites. Average lesion length was not significantly different between inoculations, thus data were combined (one way analysis of variance [ANOVA]; P = 0.05). Lesions averaged 13.9 × 2.3 cm and were significantly different (n = 30; one way ANOVA; P = 0.05) from controls that measured 0.31 × 0.3 cm. Staining was observed around the inoculation points on all trees and three trees exhibited bleeding. Necrotic tissue was observed in the phloem and 3 mm into the xylem tissue, where the lesion had extended up and down the grain. D. corticola was consistently reisolated from necrotic tissue but not from control treatments. B. corticola was originally described as a canker pathogen on Quercus spp. in the western Mediterranean (2), and is known to contribute to the decline of cork oak (Q. suber) in the region (3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of D. corticola causing bot canker on coast live oak in California. References: (1) T. W. Coleman and S. J. Seybold. U. S. For. Serv. R5-PR-08, 2008. (2) A. Correia et al. Mycologia 96:598, 2004. (3) J. Luque et al. For. Pathol. 38:147, 2008. (4) J. R. Úrbez-Torres et al. Plant Dis. 94:785, 2010.
7
Úrbez-Torres, J. R., F. Peduto e W. D. Gubler. "First Report of Grapevine Cankers Caused by Lasiodiplodia crassispora and Neofusicoccum mediterraneum in California". Plant Disease 94, n.º 6 (junho de 2010): 785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-94-6-0785b.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Several species in the Botryosphaeriaceae family cause perennial cankers in the vascular tissue of grapevines and are responsible for the disease known as bot canker in California (3). Tissue from grapevine vascular cankers from samples submitted to our laboratory in the summer of 2009 were plated onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with 0.01% tetracycline hydrochloride. Lasiodiplodia crassispora (Burgess & Barber) and Neofusicoccum mediterraneum (Crous, M.J. Wingf. & A.J.L. Phillips) were identified based on morphological and cultural characters as well as analyses of nucleotide sequences. L. crassispora isolates were characterized by a fast-growing, white mycelium that turned dark olivaceous with age on PDA. Conidia from pycnidia formed in cultures were thick walled and pigmented with one septum and vertical striations when mature. Conidia measured (25.8–) 27.5 to 30.5 (–33.4) × (12.1) 14.3 to 16.8 (–18.2) μm (n = 60). Pycnidia contained septate paraphyses. N. mediterraneum was characterized as having moderately fast-growing, light green mycelia on PDA. Pycnidia formation was induced with pine needles placed on 2% water agar. Conidia from pycnidia were hyaline, ellipsoidal, thin walled, unicellular, and measured (18.2–) 20.5 to 27.8 (–29) × (5.1) 5.9 to 6.5 (–7.2) μm (n = 60). DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2), part of the β-tubulin gene (BT2), and part of the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (EF1-α) from L. crassispora (UCD23Co, UCD24Co, and UCD27Co) and N. mediterraneum (UCD695SJ, UCD719SJ, UCD720SJ, UCD749St, and UCD796St) grapevine isolates from California were amplified and sequenced. Consensus sequences from L. crassispora and N. mediterraneum from California showed 99 to 100% homology with L. crassispora and N. mediterraneum isolates previously identified and deposited in GenBank (1,2). Sequences from the examined DNA regions of all isolates were deposited at GenBank (GU799450 to GU799457 and GU799473 to GU799488). Pathogenicity tests using three isolates per species were conducted on detached dormant canes of cv. Red Globe. Ten canes per isolate were inoculated by placing a 7-day-old 5-mm-diameter agar plug from each fungal culture into a wound made with a drill on the internode (4). Twenty shoots were inoculated with noncolonized PDA plugs for negative controls. Six weeks after inoculations, necrosis was measured from the point of inoculation in both directions. One-way analysis of variance was performed to assess differences in the extent of vascular discoloration and means were compared using Tukey's test. L. crassispora isolates caused an average necrotic length of 21.1 mm, which was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than the average necrotic length of 35.6 mm caused by the N. mediterraneum isolates. Reisolation of L. crassispora and N. mediterraneum from necrotic tissue was 100% for each species. The extent of vascular discoloration in infected canes was significantly greater (P < 0.05) than in control inoculations (8 mm) from which no fungi were reisolated from the slightly discolored tissue. To our knowledge, this is the first report of L. crassispora and N. mediterraneum as pathogens of Vitis vinifera and as a cause of grapevine cankers in California. References: (1) T. I. Burgess et al. Mycologia 98:423, 2006. (2) P. W. Crous et al. Fungal Planet. No. 19, 2007. (3) J. R. Úrbez-Torres and W. D. Gubler. Plant Dis. 93:584, 2009. (4) J. R. Úrbez-Torres et al. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 60:497, 2009.
8
Chávez Inagaki, Ornela, Angélica Terashima Iwashita, Marco Canales Ramos, Beatriz Bustamante, Víctor Meza Contreras e Néstor Falcón Pérez. "Aislamiento de Cryptococcus neoformans y Salmonella spp. en excretas de palomas domésticas (Columba livia) de la Basílica Catedral de Lima y Convento de San Francisco Lima, Perú". Salud y Tecnología Veterinaria 6, n.º 1 (16 de agosto de 2018): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20453/stv.v6i1.3375.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Las palomas urbanas (Columba livia) son portadoras de diversos agentes patógenos de importancia zoonótica para el hombre, entre ellas Salmonella spp. y Cryptococcus neoformans; los problemas no son para los que manipulan las palomas, sino quienes puedan inhalar esporas infectantes presentes en las heces. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la presencia de Salmonella spp. y C. neoformans en excretas de palomas de la Basílica Catedral de Lima y el Convento de San Francisco de Asís de Lima. Se realizó un estudio observacional. Se tomaron muestras en fachadas, torres, escaleras altas, techos, campanario y balcones. Se recolectaron 47 muestras secas para C. neoformans y 40 muestras frescas para Salmonella. Las muestras secas se sembraron en medios de cultivos Sabouraud y Niger Seed. Las muestras frescas se sembraron en medio pre-enriquecido. A las colonias sospechosas de ser C. neoformans se les realizó examen directo con tinta china y prueba de asimilación de urea. Las colonias positivas en ambas pruebas, se cultivaron en agar L-Canavanina-Glicina-azul de Bromotimol (CGB) para diferenciar C. neoformans y C. gatti. Se confirmó la identificación de C. neoformans mediante el método API 20C AUX. Se encontró que todas las muestras frescas fueron negativas a Salmonella spp. y en 9/47 muestras secas se aisló C. neoformans. En conclusión, la presencia de muestras positivas a C. neoformans debe alertar a las autoridades correspondientes para evaluar e implementar estrategias de control de la población de palomas.
9
Yan, J. Y., Y. L. Peng, Y. Xie, X. H. Li, S. W. Yao, M. L. Tang e Z. Y. Wang. "First Report of Grapevine Trunk Disease Caused by Botryosphaeria obtusa in China". Plant Disease 95, n.º 5 (maio de 2011): 616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-11-10-0821.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
In September 2010, grapevine (Vitis vinifera) trunk diseases were observed in several vineyards of Yantai District in Shandong Provinces and Changli County of Hebei Provinces of China. Characteristic symptoms of Botryosphaeria canker were apparent, including dark brown discoloration on the trunk (visible in cross-section), cob base shriveling, drying of fruit clusters, and berry falling (2). To identify the causal pathogen, culturing of fungi was attempted from 387 small pieces of tissue from the canker margins of 43 diseased plants. Samples were surface disinfected by placing them in 75% ethanol for 1 min and rinsing with sterilized water three times before culturing on potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 28°C for 7 to 10 days. Fungi isolated were single spored to obtain pure cultures. On the basis of colony characteristics on PDA, 18 isolates from the 387 tissue pieces were eventually identified as Botryosphaeria obtusa (1), Most of the other fungi isolated were B. dothidea. B. obtusa colonies were grayish white, becoming dark brown with age, and pycnidia were formed after incubation for approximately 7 days. Conidia measured 8 to 11 × 17 to 26 μm (n= 50). Two isolates were used for rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analysis with primers ITS1 and ITS4 (3). PCR products were separated by electrophoresis and bands were purified for legation with PMD-18T (Takara Company, Dalian, China) vector for sequencing. BLAST searches of two ITS sequences had 99 to 100% identity to B. obtusa. EF1-α and β-tubulin sequence analysis gave similar results. Koch's postulates were completed in the greenhouse on grape shoots inoculated with two isolates of B. obtusa originally isolated from diseased plants in the field. Inoculations were made on green shoots of V. vinifera cv. Dunkelfelder T. Six shoots were inoculated per isolate by wounding with a 4-mm cork borer (2 mm deep) and placing a colonized agar plug from a 5-day-old culture on the wound and wrapping it with Parafilm. Controls were mock inoculated with an agar plug from sterile PDA. Inoculated shoots were incubated in the dark under moist conditions in the laboratory for 8 to 10 days at 25°C. Inoculated shoots had necrotic cankers after 8 to 10 days and B. obtusa was recovered from each canker margin. The results indicated that some grapevines in China with symptoms of Botryosphaeria canker were infected by B. obtusa. To our knowledge, this is the first report of this pathogen causing trunk disease on grapevine in China. References: (1) A. Taylor et al. Australas. Plant Pathol. 34:187, 2005. (2) J. R. Úrbez-Torres et al. Plant Dis. 92:519, 2008. (3) T. J. White et al. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, 1990.
10
Malianti, Lezita, e Nova Lestari. "KANDUNGAN NUTRISI LIMBAH BIJI DURIAN (Durio zibethinus Murr) YANG DIFERMENTASI DENGAN RAGI TAPE (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) DAN RAGI TEMPE (Rhizopus oligosporus)". Jurnal Inspirasi Peternakan 1, n.º 2 (25 de julho de 2021): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36085/jinak.v1i2.1826.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
 Pemanfaatan limbah yang belum mempunyai nilai ekonomis, berlimpah dan mengandung gizi relatif baik bahkan dapat mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan adalah tindakan bijaksana.  Biji durian adalah salah satu limbah yang cenderung meresahkan masyarakat disaat musim buah durian. Namun pemanfaatannya sebagai sumber pakan masih sangat terbatas. Hal ini disebabkan rendahnya kualitas gizi biji durian merupakan faktor pembatas dalam pemanfaatanya sebagai pakan ternak. biji durian harus diolah terlebih dahulu agar nilai gizinya meningkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh fermentasi dengan beberapa level Saccharomyces cerevisiae dan Rhizopus oligosporus terhadap peningkatan kualitas nutrisi tepung biji durian.Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Bulan Februari-November 2018 di Desa Sri Kuncoro Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah, analisa Proksimat dilakukan di Laboratorium Nutrisi dan Bahan Makanan Ternak Universitas Bengkulu serta analisa Asam Amino dilakukan Laboratorium Terpadu Institut Pertanian Bogor. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan.  Steel dan Torrie (1991), dengan perlakuan yang diujikan sebagai berikut : F0 (kontrol) = Tepung Biji Durian Kukus; FS 0,5 = Fermentasi dengan  0,5 % Saccharomyces cerevisiae; FS 0,75 = Fermentasi dengan  0,75 % Saccharomyces cerevisiae; FR 0,5 = Fermentasi dengan  0,5 % Rhizopus oligosporus; FR 0,75  = Fermentasi dengan  0,75 % Rhizopus oligosporus. parameter yang diamati adalah asam amino, protein kasar, kadar air, bahan kering, bahan organik, serat kasar, lemak kasar dan abu tepung biji durian yang difermentasi dengan Saccharomyces cerevisiae dan Rhizopus oligosporus pada lama penyimpanan 48 jam.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan fermentasi tepung limbah biji durian dengan ragi tape (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) dan ragi tempe (Rhizopus oligosporus) tidak mengganggu kandungan nutrisi hanya terjadi penurunan pada nilai serat kasar. Hasil terbaik yang menunjukkan perubahan nilai nutrisi yaitu pada perlakuan dengan menggunakan ragi tape 0,75% mengacu pada kemampuan menguraikan serat kasar. Kata Kunci : Limbah Biji Durian, Fermentasi, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rhizopus oligosporus,
11
Malianti, Lezita, Endang Sulistiyowati e Yosi Fenita. "Profil Asam Amino Dan Nutrien Limbah Biji Durian (Durio Zibethinus Murr) Yang Difermentasi Dengan Ragi Tape (Saccharomyces Cerevisiae) Dan Ragi Tempe (Rhizopus Oligosporus)". Naturalis: Jurnal Penelitian Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam dan Lingkungan 8, n.º 1 (14 de outubro de 2019): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/naturalis.8.1.9167.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Pemanfaatan limbah yang belum mempunyai nilai ekonomis, berlimpah dan mengandung gizi relatif baik bahkan dapat mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan adalah tindakan bijaksana. Biji durian adalah salah satu limbah yang cenderung meresahkan masyarakat disaat musim buah durian. Namun pemanfaatannya sebagai sumber pakan masih sangat terbatas. Hal ini disebabkan rendahnya kualitas gizi biji durian merupakan faktor pembatas dalam pemanfaatanya sebagai pakan ternak. biji durian harus diolah terlebih dahulu agar nilai gizinya meningkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh fermentasi dengan beberapa level Saccharomyces cerevisiae dan Rhizopus oligosporus terhadap peningkatan kualitas nutrisi tepung biji durian. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Bulan Februari-November 2018 di Desa Sri Kuncoro Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah, analisa Proksimat dilakukan di Laboratorium Nutrisi dan Bahan Makanan Ternak Universitas Bengkulu serta analisa Asam Amino dilakukan Laboratorium Terpadu Institut Pertanian Bogor. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Steel dan Torrie (1991), dengan perlakuan yang diujikan sebagai berikut : F0 (kontrol) = Tepung Biji Durian Kukus; FS 0,5 = Fermentasi dengan 0,5 % Saccharomyces cerevisiae; FS 0,75 = Fermentasi dengan 0,75 % Saccharomyces cerevisiae; FR 0,5 = Fermentasi dengan 0,5 % Rhizopus oligosporus; FR 0,75 = Fermentasi dengan 0,75 % Rhizopus oligosporus. parameter yang diamati adalah asam amino, protein kasar, kadar air, bahan kering, bahan organik, serat kasar, lemak kasar dan abu tepung biji durian yang difermentasi dengan Saccharomyces cerevisiae dan Rhizopus oligosporus pada lama penyimpanan 48 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan fermentasi tepung limbah biji durian dengan ragi tape (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) dan ragi tempe (Rhizopus oligosporus) tidak meningkatkan kandungan asam amino dan nutrisi hanya terjadi penurunan pada nilai serat kasar. Hasil terbaik yang menunjukkan perubahan nilai nutrisi yaitu pada perlakuan dengan menggunakan ragi tape 0,75% mengacu pada kemampuan menguraikan serat kasar.Kata Kunci : : limbah biji durian, fermentasi, saccharomyces cerevisiae, rhizopus oligosporus, asam amino
12
Parkunan, V., S. Li, E. G. Fonsah e P. Ji. "First Report of Alternaria Leaf Spot of Banana Caused by Alternaria alternata in the United States". Plant Disease 97, n.º 8 (agosto de 2013): 1116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-01-13-0007-pdn.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Research efforts were initiated in 2003 to identify and introduce banana (Musa spp.) cultivars suitable for production in Georgia (1). Selected cultivars have been evaluated since 2009 in Tifton Banana Garden, Tifton, GA, comprising of cold hardy, short cycle, and ornamental types. In spring and summer of 2012, 7 out of 13 cultivars (African Red, Blue Torres Island, Cacambou, Chinese Cavendish, Novaria, Raja Puri, and Veinte Cohol) showed tiny, oval (0.5 to 1.0 mm long and 0.3 to 0.9 mm wide), light to dark brown spots on the adaxial surface of the leaves. Spots were more concentrated along the midrib than the rest of the leaf and occurred on all except the newly emerged leaves. Leaf spots did not expand much in size, but the numbers approximately doubled during the season. Disease incidences on the seven cultivars ranged from 10 to 63% (10% on Blue Torres Island and 63% on Novaria), with an average of 35% when a total of 52 plants were evaluated. Six cultivars including Belle, Ice Cream, Dwarf Namwah, Kandarian, Praying Hands, and Saba did not show any spots. Tissue from infected leaves of the seven cultivars were surface sterilized with 0.5% NaOCl, plated onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) media and incubated at 25°C in the dark for 5 days. The plates were then incubated at room temperature (23 ± 2°C) under a 12-hour photoperiod for 3 days. Grayish black colonies developed from all the samples, which were further identified as Alternaria spp. based on the dark, brown, obclavate to obpyriform catenulate conidia with longitudinal and transverse septa tapering to a prominent beak attached in chains on a simple and short conidiophore (2). Conidia were 23 to 73 μm long and 15 to 35 μm wide, with a beak length of 5 to 10 μm, and had 3 to 6 transverse and 0 to 5 longitudinal septa. Single spore cultures of four isolates from four different cultivars were obtained and genomic DNA was extracted and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) regions of rDNA (562 bp) were amplified and sequenced with primers ITS1 and ITS4. MegaBLAST analysis of the four sequences showed that they were 100% identical to two Alternaria alternata isolates (GQ916545 and GQ169766). ITS sequence of a representative isolate VCT1FT1 from cv. Veinte Cohol was submitted to GenBank (JX985742). Pathogenicity assay was conducted using 1-month-old banana plants (cv. Veinte Cohol) grown in pots under greenhouse conditions (25 to 27°C). Three plants were spray inoculated with the isolate VCT1FT1 (100 ml suspension per plant containing 105 spores per ml) and incubated under 100% humidity for 2 days and then kept in the greenhouse. Three plants sprayed with water were used as a control. Leaf spots identical to those observed in the field were developed in a week on the inoculated plants but not on the non-inoculated control. The fungus was reisolated from the inoculated plants and the identity was confirmed by morphological characteristics and ITS sequencing. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Alternaria leaf spot caused by A. alternata on banana in the United States. Occurrence of the disease on some banana cultivars in Georgia provides useful information to potential producers, and the cultivars that were observed to be resistant to the disease may be more suitable for production. References: (1) E. G. Fonsah et al. J. Food Distrib. Res. 37:2, 2006. (2) E. G. Simmons. Alternaria: An identification manual. CBS Fungal Biodiversity Center, Utrecht, Netherlands, 2007.
13
Choudhury, R. A., P. Modi, J. Hanstad, R. Elkins e W. D. Gubler. "First Report of Diplodia seriata Causing Pear Branch Canker Dieback in California". Plant Disease 98, n.º 5 (maio de 2014): 688. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-07-13-0715-pdn.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
California produces 26% of the United States pear crop on approximately 5,600 ha. A survey of seven northern California pear orchards (Pyrus communis cv. Bartlett) in summer 2010 revealed the presence of wedge-shaped cankers on 2- to 5-cm diameter branches, equating to 1- to 3-year-old wood. Many of the observed cankers occurred near pruning wounds, and there was decreased foliation on infected branches. Infected wood was surface disinfected with 95% ethanol and briefly flamed. After removing bark, small sections of diseased tissue were plated onto 4% potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with 0.01% tetracycline and placed on the lab bench at 22°C until fungal growth emerged. Fungal colonies that were consistently isolated were transferred to fresh PDA using hyphal tip isolation. Fungal colonies were dark brown to gray with aerial mycelium and formed pycnidia after 15 days of incubation at 22°C. Conidia were brown, oval to oblong, and measured (16.5-) 20 to 24 (-26) × (7.5) 8.75 to 11 (-12.5) μm (n = 50). DNA from 14- to 21-day-old colonies was extracted and sequences of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer region and part of the β-tubulin gene were amplified using primers ITS4/ITS5 and Bt2a/Bt2b, respectively (2). The DNA sequences of fungal isolates from California showed 99 to 100% homology with the ex-type Diplodia seriata De Not. (1) CBS112555 deposited in GenBank. DNA sequences from three California isolates were submitted to GenBank with accession numbers KC937062, KC937065, KF481957, KF481598, KF481959, and KF481960. Pathogenicity tests were performed in March 2011 on 3-year-old Bartlett pear trees planted at an experimental farm in Davis, CA. A single, circular, 2-cm pruning wound at the top of the trunk was inoculated on each of three single-tree replications using 2-cm mycelial plugs from 14-day-old colonies growing on PDA. After inoculation, mycelial plugs were covered and sealed with Parafilm and aluminum foil for the duration of the trial. Three control trees were inoculated using sterile PDA plugs. Twelve months after inoculation, UCD103 and UCD105 were consistently re-isolated from the margin between necrotic and healthy tissue using the same methods described for the original isolation, and UCD102 was re-isolated in two out of three plants. The average lesion lengths of UCD102, UCD103, UCD105, and control plants were 12.5, 17.3, 23, and 1 mm, respectively. Control lesions were short and sterile, and seemed to be a physiological reaction from the plant. A second pathogenicity test was completed in 5 months beginning in June 2012. UCD105 was consistently re-isolated, and UCD102 and UCD103 were re-isolated in two out of three plants. The average lesion lengths for UCD102, UCD103, UCD105, and control plants were 2, 3, 5, and 1 mm, respectively. Compared to grapevine (Vitis vinifera), the pathogen grows more slowly in pear tissue under natural conditions. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing D. seriata as a causal agent of pear branch canker in California. Canker diseases can reduce the lifespan of perennial plants, ultimately leading to long term economic losses for growers (3). References: (1) A. J. L. Phillips et al. Fungal Diversity 25:141, 2007. (2) J. R. Urbez-Torres et al. Plant Dis. 90:1490, 2006. (3) J. R. Urbez-Torres and W. D. Gubler. Plant Dis. 93:584, 2009.
14
Kaliternam, J., T. Milicevic, D. Bencic e B. Duralija. "First Report of Neofusicoccum parvum Associated with Grapevine Trunk Diseases in Croatia". Plant Disease 97, n.º 12 (dezembro de 2013): 1656. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-03-13-0283-pdn.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
In September 2010, during survey of diseased grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) in vineyards at localities Zmajevac (BZ), Orahovica (SO), Cilipi (KC), and Novalja (PN), symptoms characteristic of grapevine trunk diseases (GTD) (3) were observed, showing on cross-sectioned cordons and trunks as brown, wedge-shaped perennial cankers and/or dark streaking of the wood. In Croatia, these symptoms were traditionally associated with Eutypa Tul. & C.Tul. and with fungi from Diaporthaceae (2). From affected grapevines (cvs. Grasevina, Pinot bijeli, Malvazija dubrovacka, and Gegic), samples of symptomatic cordons and trunks were collected (n ≥ 35). To isolate the causal agents from the samples, woodchips of symptomatic tissue, surface-sterilized in 2% sodium hypochlorite for 2 min, were placed on potato dextrose agar amended with streptomycin sulphate (50 μg/ml) and incubated for 7 days at 25°C in darkness. A percentage of samples (72, 15, 27, and 54% from BZ, SO, KC, and PN, respectively) yielded fungal colonies with abundant aerial mycelium, initially white, but turning olivaceous grey after 5 days. From these colonies, monohyphal isolates were obtained and pycnidial formation stimulated by cultivation on 2% water agar with stems of plant species Foeniculum vulgare Mill. at 25°C under diffuse light for 3 weeks. Pycnidia contained conidia that were hyaline, unicellular, ellipsoid with round apices and truncated bases, and thin walled with smooth surface. Dimensions of conidia (n ≥ 50) were (12.8) 15.3 ± 1.4 (17.6) × (5.4) 6.3 ± 0.8 (7.6) μm, with length/width ratio (2.0) 2.5 ± 0.5 (3.2). Based on morphological data, species Neofusicoccum parvum (Pennycook & Samuels) Crous, Slippers & A.J.L. Phillips was suspected (1). For molecular identification, isolates BZ330, SO334, KC342, and PN121 were used for PCR to amplify internal transcribed spacer region and partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene, using primers ITS5/ITS4 and EF1-728F/EF1-986R, respectively. Obtained sequences were shown to be identical between the four isolates (GenBank: KF296318, KF296319) and when compared with sequences for reference N. parvum isolate CMW9080 (AY236942, AY236887) they showed >99% homology, confirming the isolates as species N. parvum. Pathogenicity tests were done by inoculation of detached green shoots (GS) and lignified canes (LC) (n = 5) of grapevine cv. Skrlet by either mycelial plugs of the same four isolates, or sterile agar plugs for the controls. Inoculated GS were kept in flasks with sterile water in a glasshouse for 10 days, and LC in humid dark chambers for 30 days, at 25°C. Resulting vascular necrosis measured 62 to 81 mm (GS) and 215 to 246 mm (LC), but was absent on controls. Koch's postulates were satisfied by successful reisolation of N. parvum only from plants inoculated with mycelial plugs. N. parvum has been recognized as a serious grapevine pathogen, causing similar symptoms worldwide (3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of N. parvum associated with GTD in Croatia, and due to its relatively high incidence at surveyed localities, it could present considerable threat, particularly for neighboring vine growing regions. Diplodia seriata De Not., a weak pathogen (3), was also identified from a percentage of samples in this survey. References: (1) P. W. Crous et al. Stud. Mycol. 55:235, 2006. (2) J. Kaliterna et al. Arh. Hig. Rada Toksikol. 63:471, 2012. (3) J. R. Urbez-Torres. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 50(Suppl.):S5, 2011.
15
Díaz, G. A., K. Elfar e B. A. Latorre. "First Report of Seimatosporium botan Associated with Trunk Disease of Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) in Chile". Plant Disease 96, n.º 11 (novembro de 2012): 1696. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-12-0478-pdn.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Grapevines are planted on 180,000 ha in Chile. In 2010 and 2011, necrotic lesions and hard texture were observed on woody tissue on 10-year-old vines of cvs. Cabernet Sauvignon, Carménère, Moscatel de Alejandría, and Pedro Jimenez in Ovalle (lat. 30°58′ S) and Cauquenes (lat. 35°58′ S). Symptoms were on 10 to 25% of the arm cross sections, resembling symptoms caused by Botryosphaeriaceae (4). Prevalence of 5% was estimated visually in Ovalle (n = 920 grapevines) and Cauquenes (n = 350 grapevines). Small pieces (3 mm) of necrotic tissues from the margins of lesions in cordons (n = 32) were surface sterilized (96% ethanol, 15 s), and plated on acidified PDA plus 0.5 ml/liter of 92% lactic acid, 0.005% tetracycline, 0.01% streptomycin, and 0.1% Igepal CO-630 (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) (APDA). The plates were incubated at 20°C for 14 days. Isolates (n = 12) were obtained from the yellow to dark green slimy colonies with white irregular margins, staining brown the underside of APDA plates. Black acervuli and ellipsoid to fusiform conidia were obtained. Conidia were triple septated, with hyaline upper and bottom cells and brown middle cells (n = 30) of 17.7 ± 1.2 × 5.8 ± 0.8 μm. A basal conidial appendage (6.2 ± 1.0 μm) was always obtained, but conidia having appendages at both ends also were observed. Morphologically, these isolates were identified as Seimatosporium botan Sat. Hatak. & Y. Harada (2). The identification of isolates sei-302 and sei-316 was confirmed by amplifying and sequencing the region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 of rDNA using ITS4 and ITS5 primers (GenBank Accession Nos. JN088482 and JN088483). BLAST analyses showed 100% similarity with S. botan (Accession No. HM067840) (2). Pathogenicity tests were conducted with isolates sei-302 and sei-316 on detached green shoots (GS) and on rooted 2-year-old vines ‘Carménère.’ Rooted vines were inoculated at the base of canes and trunks. Inoculations were performed by placing a mycelial agar plug taken from APDA on a wound aseptically made with a cork borer. Wounds were sealed with Parafilm to avoid a rapid dehydration. The inoculated GS were incubated for 2 weeks in a moisture chamber (relative humidity >80%) at 20°C. Inoculated 2-year-old vines were placed in a lath-house for 7 and 15 months for canes and trunk inoculation, respectively. An equal number of GS and vines were inoculated with sterile agar plugs and left as controls. Necrotic lesions with mean of 23.7 ± 2.5 mm on GS, 50.5 ± 3.4 mm on canes, and 41.9 ± 2.3 mm on trunks developed. No significant difference (P < 0.05) was obtained in lesion length between S. botan isolates. After 7 months, 40% of inoculated canes had died. No symptoms were observed in GS controls and rooted control vines treated with sterile agar plugs. S. botan was reisolated from 93 to 100% of the inoculated samples. Previously, S. botan was reported as pathogenic in Paeonia suffruticosa (1), and Seimatosporium sp. was isolated from V. vinifera in California, but their pathogenicity was not demonstrated (3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of pathogenic isolates of S. botan associated with trunk disease of grapevines. These results contribute to the knowledge of the trunk disease of grapevines worldwide. References: (1) Y. Duan et al. Plant Dis. 95:226, 2011. (2) S. Hatakeyama et al. Mycoscience 45:106, 2004. (3) Z. Morales et al. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 49:109, 2010. (4) J. R. Úrbez-Torres. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 50:S5, 2011.
16
Trouillas, F. P., J. R. Úrbez-Torres, F. Peduto e W. D. Gubler. "First Report of Twig and Branch Dieback of English Walnut (Juglans regia) Caused by Neofusicoccum mediterraneum in California". Plant Disease 94, n.º 10 (outubro de 2010): 1267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-10-0412.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
California produces 99% of the U.S. English walnut crop with more than 30 cultivars on ~89,000 ha. Production for 2008 was ~436,000 tons with a value of $527 million. In early summer of 2009 and 2010, branch and twig dieback of English walnut (Juglans regia L.) was detected in orchards in Yolo County and submitted to our diagnostic laboratory. Disease symptoms included death of twig tips, branch dieback, wood lesions, and canker formation. Pycnidia were embedded within the bark of dead twigs. Conidia from pycnidia were hyaline, fusoid-ellipsoidal, widest usually in the middle, and 21 to 24 (–27) × 5 to 7 μm (n = 30). Isolations from cankers yielded the fungus Neofusicoccum mediterraneum Crous, M.J. Wingf. & A.J.L. Phillips (1). Fungal colonies of N. mediterraneum grew light olive green to gray on potato dextrose agar, becoming dark olive green with age. Identification of fungal isolates was confirmed by sequence comparison of Californian isolates with ex-type (CBS 121558) sequences in GenBank (3) using the internal transcribed spacer region of the rDNA, a portion of the β-tubulin gene, and part of the translation elongation factor. Sequences of Californian isolates (GenBank HM443604–HM443609) were identical to the ex-type sequences for all three genes. Previous studies in California reported the occurrence and pathogenicity of N. mediterraneum into grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) (3) and almond trees (Prunis dulcis L.) (2). Inderbitzin et al (2) investigated the host range of N. mediterraneum in California and reported the occurrence of pycnidia on English walnut trees. However, this study did not investigate the pathogenicity of N. mediterraneum on this host. In the current study, the pathogenicity of N. mediterraneum in J. regia cvs. Hartley and Chandler was investigated in an orchard at UC Davis using two fungal isolates. Pathogenicity tests were performed by inoculating eight 2- to 4-year-old branches of mature J. regia trees. Inoculations were made in June 2009 with a 5-mm cork borer to remove bark and placing an 8-day-old 5-mm-diameter agar plug bearing fresh mycelium of the fungal isolates directly into the fresh wound, mycelium side down. An additional eight branches of each cultivar were inoculated with noncolonized agar plugs to serve as controls. Inoculated wounds were covered with petroleum jelly and wrapped with Parafilm to retain moisture. Branches were harvested after 10 months of incubation and checked for canker development. The extent of vascular discoloration was measured in each branch and isolations were made from the edge of discolored tissue to confirm Koch's postulates. Statistical analyses were performed with analysis of variance and Dunnett's t-test to assess significant differences in the extent of vascular discoloration between inoculations with N. mediterraneum and the control. Necrosis length for the two isolates averaged 131.5 mm in Hartley branches and 110 mm in the Chandler branches. Average necrosis lengths in the control branches were 18.5 mm and 16.7 mm, respectively, significantly lower (P < 0.05) than the average necrosis length found in branches inoculated with N. mediterraneum. Fungal recovery was 75% in both varieties. To our knowledge, this study is the first report of N. mediterraneum as a pathogen of J. regia trees in California. References: (1) P. W. Crous et al. Fungal Planet 19, 2007. (2) P. Inderbitzin et al. Mycologia. Online publication. doi:10.3852/10-006, 2010. (3) J. R. Úrbez-Torres et al. Plant Dis. 94:785, 2010.
17
Palou, L., V. Taberner e C. Montesinos-Herrero. "First Report of Diplodia seriata Causing Loquat Fruit Rot in Spain". Plant Disease 97, n.º 3 (março de 2013): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-08-12-0728-pdn.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Spain is the second largest loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) producer in the world, with about 40,000 t per year. ‘Algerie’ is the main cultivar planted in Alicante province (SE of Spain; Lat. 38.40° N, Long. 0.08° W), where more than 80% of Spanish commercial loquat plantations are located. In a survey of fruit losses at harvest, irregular brownish superficial dry spots (5 to 15 mm) located mainly near the stem end were observed on fruits from different orchards. After incubation at 20°C for 14 days, the spots on fruit expanded rapidly and turned to dark brown or black, producing black, unilocular, ostiolate, and thick-walled pycnidia. Isolation was performed by disinfecting the surface of symptomatic fruits with alcohol and aseptically cutting pieces of infected peel tissue and plating them in potato dextrose agar (PDA) dishes. The potential causal agent (isolate IVIA GCA-5) was identified in the Spanish Type Culture Collection (CECT, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain). The fungus grew rapidly on both PDA and malt extract agar (MEA) at 26°C, covering the entire plate surface with dark gray mycelium within 4 days. The plate reverse was dark gray to black. The conidia were brown and aseptate, with the apex broadly rounded and the base rounded or truncate, and 23 × 11 μm (n = 50). The identification of Diplodia seriata De Not. was molecularly confirmed with the amplification with the primers ITS1 and ITS4 and subsequent sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region of the rDNA extracted from the isolate IVIA GCA-5 (GenBank Accession No. JX987099). Furthermore, the region D1/D2 in the 5′ end of the 28S rDNA gene was amplified with the primers NL1 and NL4 and sequenced (JX997743). A nucleotide BLAST analysis showed in both cases 100% identity with D. seriata [EF127892 (3) and AY928050, respectively]. To fulfill Koch's postulates, 5-mm diameter mycelial plugs from 7-day-old colonies of isolate IVIA GCA-5 grown on PDA at 25°C were aseptically transferred to skin wounds on superficially disinfected ‘Algerie’ loquats (one plug per fruit; n = 9). Wounded but not inoculated fruit were used as controls. The experiment was repeated three times. Inoculated fruit developed lesions of 18 to 100 mm after 7 to 21 days of incubation at 20°C. No lesion was observed on controls. The fungus was consistently reisolated from inoculated fruit. D. seriata is a broadly spread pathogen causing cankers, blight, dieback, and fruit rots in vines and many fruit trees. In Spain, it has been reported to cause fruit rot of olive (1) and branch dieback in olive (2) and grapevine (4). To our knowledge, this is the first report worldwide of D. seriata causing loquat fruit rot. References: (1) J. Moral et al. Plant Dis. 92:311, 2008. (2) J. Moral et al. Phytopathology 100:1340, 2010. (3) A. J. L. Phillips et al. Fungal Divers. 25:141, 2007. (4) J. R. Úrbez-Torres et al. Plant Dis. 90:835, 2006.
18
Matthiesen, R. L., A. A. Ahmad, M. L. Ellis e A. E. Robertson. "First Report of Pythium schmitthenneri Causing Maize Seedling Blight in Iowa". Plant Disease 98, n.º 7 (julho de 2014): 994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-08-13-0892-pdn.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
In spring 2012, maize farmers in southeast and south central Iowa reported stand losses due to pre- and post-emergence damping-off, and many of the fields had to be replanted. Symptoms of the disease included rotted seed, or brown, rotted, water-soaked mesocotyls and root tips. Maize seedlings with severe root and mesocotyl symptoms were yellow and wilted, stunted, or dead. The disease occurred approximately 2 weeks after cool, wet conditions. Symptomatic mesocotyls and roots were washed for 30 min, rinsed with sterile distilled water, and blotted dry on sterile paper towels. Isolation of the pathogen was performed by aseptically cutting 2- to 3-mm sections of tissue from the edge of a lesion, placing the segments under corn meal agar (CMA) containing pimaricin, ampicillin, rifampicin, and pentachloronitrobenzene (PARP), and incubating at 22°C in the dark. Colonies that developed were putatively identified as Pythium species based on morphological characteristics and cultural features when compared to published descriptions (2,3). Characteristics of isolate IAC12F21-3 included spherical and smooth-walled oogonia 18 to 26 μm in diameter, monoclinous or usually diclinous antheridia 10 to 22 μm long and 5 to 10 μm wide with one or occasionally two per oogonium, and plerotic oospores 15 to 25 μm in diameter. Sporangia were globose to ellipsoidal, 22 to 41 μm in diameter, and zoospores were 7 to 10 μm long. Primers ITS1 and ITS4 were used to amplify the ITS region within clade E1 of 88 isolates. The resultant amplicons were sequenced and a BLAST search in GenBank confirmed isolate IAC12F21-3 as Pythium schmitthenneri based on 100% similarity with GenBank accession numbers JF836869 and JF836870. Pathogenicity testing was conducted using seed and seedling assays (1,4). Koch's postulates was performed by sampling pieces of symptomatic mesocotyl and root tissue from the inoculated pots, placing segments under CMA + PARP, and incubating at 22°C. Symptoms were similar to those observed in the field and P. schmitthenneri was re-isolated successfully. Non-inoculated control plants showed no symptoms. This is the first report of P. schmitthenneri causing seedling blight on maize in Iowa. Previously, P. schmitthenneri was reported as a pathogen on maize in Ohio (2). References: (1) K. Broders et al. Plant Dis. 91:727, 2007. (2) M. Ellis et al. Mycologia, 104:477, 2012. (3) J. Middleton. Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club 20:171, 1943. (4) A. Rojas et al. Phytopathology, 102(Suppl):S5.8, 2012.
19
Castro-Medina, F., S. R. Mohali, J. R. Úrbez-Torres e W. D. Gubler. "First Report of Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae Causing Trunk Cankers in Acacia mangium in Venezuela". Plant Disease 98, n.º 5 (maio de 2014): 686. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-02-13-0160-pdn.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
In May 2010, canker and wood stain symptoms in trunks and stems of 125 Acacia mangium were observed during a survey conducted in the Uverito plantations, Monagas State, Venezuela. Cankers were 20 to 65 cm long and were brownish on the margins and dark brown in the center. Many of the cankers had swollen margins and in some cases a black exudate could be seen leaking from the most severe cankers. Small pieces (4 to 5 mm) of necrotic tissues from the cankers were surface sterilized for 1 min in 1.5% NaOCl, washed twice with sterile distilled water, and plated onto potato dextrose agar amended with 0.01% tetracycline hydrochloride (PDA-tet). Plates were incubated at 25°C under near-UV light. Colonies developed from symptomatic tissue and formed a compact mycelium, which was initially white, but became dark gray with age. Based on colony morphology, isolates were tentatively identified as a member of the Botryosphaeriaceae family. Pycnidia were produced on sterilized pine needles on 2% water agar after 5 weeks of incubation at 25°C under continuous near-UV light. Conidia were ellipsoidal, initially hyaline, unicellular, becoming dark brown, and developing a thick wall, a central septum, and longitudinal striations with age. Conidia measured 26 to 31 μm long and 11 to 16 μm wide (n = 60). The conidial morphology matched that of Lasiodiplodia, a member of the Botryosphaeriaceae family (1). Primers ITS4/ITS5, Bt2a/Bt2b, and EF1-688F/EF1-1251R (2) were used to amplify and subsequently sequence the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region and parts of the beta-tubulin (BT) and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1-α) gene regions, respectively. The putative Lasiodiplodia isolates had 98 to 99% homology with Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae isolate CBS 116459 for all three loci (EF622077, EF622057, and EU673111) (1). Based on morphological characters and DNA sequencing, the canker isolates from Venezuela (CBS129752 and UCD-A1) were then identified as L. pseudotheobromae (1) and sequences were deposited in GenBank (Accession Nos. JX545091 to JX545092, JX545111 to JX545112, and JX545131 to JX545132). Pathogenicity tests were performed by inoculating 2-year-old A. mangium tree trunks with isolates CBS129752 and UCD-A1. Twenty trees per isolate were inoculated by placing a mycelium plug from the growing margin of 8-day-old colonies upside down directly into a fresh wound made with a 5-mm cork borer. Wounds were sealed with Parafilm. Ten control trees were inoculated with non-colonized PDA plugs. After 12 weeks, all inoculated seedlings showed bark swelling around the inoculation points and a brown necrosis of the wood could be observed when removing the bark. Average length necrosis above and below the point inoculation was 27.2 cm; additionally, a black exudate was observed when the outer bark was removed from inoculation points. L. pseudotheobromae was successfully reisolated from the necrotic tissue observed in symptomatic plants. No symptoms were observed in the control plants and L. pseudotheobromae was not isolated from the controls. L. pseudotheobromae has been reported in Africa, Asia, Europe, and Latin America, where it occurs on forest and fruit trees (1). This study shows L. pseudotheobromae to be highly virulent on A. mangium and, to our knowledge, this is the first report of L. pseudotheobromae on this host in Venezuela. References: (1) A. Alves et al. Fungal Diversity 28:1, 2008. (2) J. R. Úrbez-Torres et al. Plant Dis. 90:1490, 2006.
20
Aroca, A., R. Raposo, D. Gramaje, J. Armengol, S. Martos e J. Luque. "First Report of Lasiodiplodia theobromae Associated with Decline of Grapevine Rootstock Mother Plants in Spain". Plant Disease 92, n.º 5 (maio de 2008): 832. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-5-0832b.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
A field of Richter 110 rootstock mother plants in Valencia Province (eastern Spain) was surveyed during November 2006 to study the mycoflora of declining plants. Two canes with stunted leaves were collected from a plant with a reduced number of shoots. No cankers or vascular lesions were observed in the collected canes. Six wood chips (1 to 2 mm thick) were taken from one basal fragment (3 to 4 cm long) of each cane, surface sterilized in 70% ethanol for 1 min, and plated on malt extract agar supplemented with 0.5 g L–1 of streptomycin sulfate. Petri dishes were incubated for 7 days at 25°C. A fungus was consistently isolated from all samples that showed the following characteristics: colonies grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 25°C developed a white, aerial mycelium that turned gray after 4 to 6 days and produced pycnidia after 1 month on sterile grapevine slivers of twigs placed on the PDA surface; conidia from culture were ellipsoidal, thick walled, initially hyaline, nonseptate, and measuring 20 to 25 (22.5) × 12 to 14 (13) μm; aged conidia were brown, 1-septate with longitudinal striations in the wall; and pseudoparaphyses variable in form and length were interspersed within the fertile tissue. The fungus was identified as Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl. from the above characteristics (2). Identity was confirmed by analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region from the rRNA repeat and part of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1-α) and the β-tubulin (B-tub) genes, as done elsewhere (1,3). BLAST searches at GenBank showed a high identity with reference sequences (ITS: 100%, EF1-α: 97%; B-tub: 99%). Representative sequences of the studied DNA regions were deposited at GenBank (Accession Nos.: ITS: EU254718; EF1-α: EU254719; and B-tub: EU254720). A pathogenicity test was conducted on 1-year-old grapevine plants cv. Macabeo grafted onto Richter 110 rootstocks maintained in a greenhouse. A superficial wound was made on the bark of 10 plants with a sterilized scalpel, ≈10 cm above the graft union. A mycelial plug obtained from the margin of an actively growing fungal colony (isolate JL664) was placed in the wound and the wound was wrapped with Parafilm. Ten additional control plants were inoculated with sterile PDA plugs. All control plants grew normally, and the inoculation wound healed 3 months after inoculation. Plants inoculated with L. theobromae showed no foliar symptoms in the same period, but developed cankers variable in size surrounding the inoculation sites. Vascular necroses measuring 8.4 ± 1.5 cm (mean ± standard error) developed in the inoculated plants that were significantly longer than the controls (0.3 ± 0.2 cm). The pathogen was reisolated from all inoculated plants and no fungus was reisolated from the controls. These results confirmed the pathogenicity of L. theobromae to grapevine and points to a possible involvement of L. theobromae in the aetiology of grapevine decline as previously reported (3,4). To our knowledge, this is the first report of L. theobromae isolated from grapevine in Spain. References: (1) J. Luque et al. Mycologia 97:1111, 2005. (2) E. Punithalingam. No. 519 in: Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria. CMI, Kew, Surrey, UK, 1976. (3) J. R. Úrbez-Torres et al. Plant Dis. 90:1490, 2006. (4) J. M. van Niekerk et al. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 45(suppl.):S43, 2006.
21
Azouaoui-Idjer, G., G. Della Rocca, A. Pecchioli, Z. Bouznad e R. Danti. "First Report of Botryosphaeria iberica Associated with Dieback and Tree Mortality of Monterey Cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa) in Algeria". Plant Disease 96, n.º 7 (julho de 2012): 1073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-11-0901-pdn.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Stem cankers and branches showing bark discoloration, fissuring, resin exudation leading to dieback, crown wilting, and tree mortality have been observed since late spring 2008 on 40-year-old Cupressus macrocarpa (Hartw.) trees planted in forests mixed with Juniperus oxycedrus L. and Acer monspessulanum L. in Taffet, near Ain Abbessa, in the district of Bougaa, Algeria (36°18′57″N; 05°06′33″E; 1,400 m elevation). In 2010, approximately 60% of the C. macrocarpa trees were diseased. For fungal isolations, cankered branches were surface sterilized with ethanol. After removal of the outer bark, fragments of necrotic inner bark taken from the margin of cankers were plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Most of the colonies were identified as Botryosphaeria iberica (Phillips, Luque & Alves) based on comparison of morphological traits and DNA sequences with known isolates of the fungus (1). Pestalotiopsis funerea colonies were also obtained, although with less frequency. B. iberica colonies on PDA were dark green with aerial mycelium and optimum growth at 25°C. Pycnidia were produced after 3 weeks of incubation at 20°C under a 12-h near UV light photoperiod on water agar amended with autoclaved cypress seeds. Conidia were brown, one-septate, oval to oblong, and 24.2 (20.1 to 27.4) × 11.2 μm (8.8 to 14.1) (n= 50). An isolate was deposited at the Centralbureau voor Schimmelculture as CBS 130984. DNA was extracted from freeze-dried mycelium and amplified using primers ITS1 and ITS4. The amplified DNA sequence of B. iberica isolate CBS 130984 from Algeria (GenBank Accession No. JN836991) showed 100% homology with sequences of B. iberica isolates obtained from dead and cankered bark of oaks from Spain and Italy (GenBank Accession Nos. AY573216, AY573214, AY573213, AY573210, AY573202, and AY573201). Stem inoculations were performed in the greenhouse on 10 4-year-old, grafted plants of C. macrocarpa growing in 5-liter pots using isolate CBS 130984. A 3-mm plug taken from the margin of a colony grown on PDA for 1 week was inserted in a circular wound of the same size made in the bark with a cork borer where the stem diameter was approximately 1 cm. Inoculations were repeated in June 2010 and June 2011. Five months after inoculations, small rounded to elongated lesions (1.0 to 2.5 cm long), sometimes with resin exuding cracks, were visible on all inoculated stems. Control trees, inoculated with sterile PDA plugs, showed no canker development. B. iberica was successfully reisolated from the necrotic bark surrounding the inoculation sites. No significant differences in canker size were observed between the two replicated experiments. Some Botryosphaeria species that are found on a variety of hosts are also known to cause cankers and dieback of cypress; among these are B. stewensii, B. obtusa, B. dothidea, and B. ribis, often acting as weak pathogens (2,3). Considered weakly virulent in causing dieback of grapevine (4) and, to our knowledge, reported here for the first time on Cupressaceae, B. iberica caused cankers and dieback of C. macrocarpa trees that had probably been weakened by repeated drought events occurring in Algeria during the last 10 years. References: (1) A. Phillips et al. Mycologia 97:513, 2005. (2) E. Punithalingam and J. M. Waller. IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria 40, Sheet 394, 1973; (3) E. Punithalingam and P. Holliday. IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria. 40, Sheet 395, 1973; (4) R. Úrbez-Torres et al. Plant Dis. 93:584, 2009.
22
Dervis, S., M. Arslan, C. U. Serce, S. Soylu e I. Uremis. "First Report of a Root Rot Caused by Phytophthora palmivora on Lavandula angustifolia in Turkey". Plant Disease 95, n.º 8 (agosto de 2011): 1035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-11-0306.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
English Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) has been considered an alternative crop to tobacco in Hatay Province of Turkey because of its great production potential. As a new, nonnative crop, diseases and pests of lavender are not well known in the region. In summer 2010, root rot symptoms were observed with an average incidence of 45% in a 2-year-old lavender nursery in Hatay. Initial symptoms of chlorosis and wilting were followed by progressive death of the plants starting at the shoot tips. An oomycetous species was isolated consistently from the stems and roots of diseased plants on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with several fungicides and antibiotics. The culture of the single-zoospore isolate produced arachnoid growth on PDA. Chlamydospores of the isolate were approximately 35.0 μm in diameter. The isolate produced papillate, caduceus, hyaline sporangia in different shapes ranging from spherical to ellipsoidal. Sporangia with short pedicels (5 μm) were 35.0 to 57.5 × 27.5 to 42.5 μm with a length/width ratio of 1.2 to 1.8. On the basis of symptoms and morphology of the organism, the pathogen was identified as Phytophthora palmivora (E.J. Butler) E.J. Butler (3). Identification of the isolate was also confirmed by comparison of the sequence of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region with reference isolates. The ITS region of rDNA was amplified by PCR with primers ITS1/ITS4 and sequenced (GenBank Accession No. JF777117). BLAST analysis of the sequence obtained showed a 99 to 100% homology with P. palmivora. Pathogenicity tests were performed on 12 greenhouse-grown 2-year-old lavender plants in 2-liter pots containing a steamed sand/peat/soil mixture. After rooting, the plants were inoculated by placing mycelial plugs from a 1-week-old culture of the isolate into an incision made at the base of each plant. Control plants were treated with plugs of sterile PDA. Inoculated plants were kept at 27°C for 5 weeks. Similar symptoms developed on the inoculated plants within 4 weeks after inoculation. P. palmivora was consistently reisolated from symptomatic plants. No symptoms developed on control plants. P. palmivora attacks a wide range of crop species including lavenders (1,2,4). To our knowledge, this is the first report of a root rot caused by P. palmivora, a new pathogen of lavender in Turkey. References: (1) S. Davino et al. Plant Dis. 86:561, 2002. (2) D. C. Erwin and O. K. Ribeiro. Phytophthora Diseases Worldwide. The American Phytopathological Society, St Paul, MN, 1996. (3) D. J. Stamps. C.M.I. Descr. Fungi Bact. 831:1, 1985. (4) G. A. Torres et al. Plant Dis. 94:1163, 2010.
23
Rolshausen, P. E., D. S. Akgül, R. Perez, A. Eskalen e C. Gispert. "First Report of Wood Canker Caused by Neoscytalidium dimidiatum on Grapevine in California". Plant Disease 97, n.º 11 (novembro de 2013): 1511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-13-0451-pdn.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
In May 2012 in the Coachella valley, Riverside County, California, the decline of vines in table grape (Vitis vinifera) vineyards was observed. Foliar symptoms consisted of shoot blight with wilting and necrosis of leaves and drying and shriveling of berries. In some cases, the entire vine collapsed in the middle of the growing season (apoplexia). Wood cankers in the spurs, cordons, and trunks of affected vines were also present. The nine isolates recovered from the cankers were identified as Neoscytalidium dimidiatum (Penz.) Crous & Slippers based on morphological characteristics and DNA sequence comparisons. Two isolates were grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium and a total of 50 conidia were measured per isolate. Conidia were ellipsoid to ovoid, with a truncate base and an acutely rounded apex, initially aseptate, becoming brown and two-celled at maturity, 7.2 ± 1.2 μm × 3.8 ± 0.4 μm. The rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS), and β-tubulin (BT) loci were amplified using primer pairs and methods previously described (4). A total of five isolates were sequenced. The DNA sequences of one N. dimidiatum grapevine isolate (UCR-Neo1) were deposited in the GenBank database (ITS, KC937066; BT, KC937067). Pathogenicity tests were performed by inoculating 12 grape cuttings cv. Thompson Seedless with isolate UCR-Neo1 and 12 control cuttings with sterile medium using a technique previously described (1). The experiment was repeated twice. After 20 weeks of incubation period in the greenhouse, the lesions length produced by N. dimidiatum averaged 13.5 mm and was significantly longer (P < 0.05) from the control (average 3 mm). N. dimidiatum was reisolated from all the inoculated plants and identified by colony morphology. The incidence of N. dimidiatum in table grape vineyards of the Coachella valley has been estimated at 15%, with nine vines infected out of 60 vines total. This pathogen has been identified in California in walnut nursery causing the death of trees due to the development of canker at the graft union (2). N. dimidiatum has also been identified as the causal agent of shoot blight, canker, and gummosis on citrus in Italy (3). The crop is also being grown in the Coachella valley and these findings warrant further investigation in order to determine the host range, distribution, and incidence of this pathogen in the area. References: (1) K. Baumgartner et al. Plant Dis. 97:912, 2013. (2) S. F. Chen et al. Plant Dis. 97:993, 2013. (3) G. Polizzi et al. Plant Dis 93:1215, 2009. (4) J. R. Urbez-Torres et al. Plant Dis. 92:519, 2008.
24
Akgul, D. S., N. G. Savas e A. Eskalen. "First Report of Wood Canker Caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea, Diplodia seriata, Neofusicoccum parvum, and Lasiodiplodia theobromae on Grapevine in Turkey". Plant Disease 98, n.º 4 (abril de 2014): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-07-13-0726-pdn.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
The Aegean region (western Turkey) is the center of table, raisin, and wine grape cultivation. During the 2012 growing season, wood canker symptoms were observed in vineyards in Manisa city. Symptoms adjacent to pruning wounds, including shoot dieback and wedge-shaped wood discolorations observed in cross section, were among the most prevalent symptoms of the vines. To identify the causal agents, symptomatic woody tissues were surface disinfested with 95% ethanol and flame-sterilized and the discolored outer bark was cut away. The internal tissues (0.5 cm2) were excised from cankers of vines and plated onto potato dextrose agar amended with tetracycline (0.01%) (PDA-tet). The most frequently isolated fungi, based on general growth pattern, speed of growth, and colony color, resembled species in the Botryosphaeriaceae family. According to morphological characteristics, four different groups have been identified based on visual discrimination. After DNA extraction, ribosomal DNA fragments (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) (2) amplified with ITS4 and ITS5 primers were sequenced and sequences were compared with those deposited in NCBI GenBank database. Four different Botryosphaeriaceae isolates were identified, including Botryosphaeria dothidea (MBAi25AG), Diplodia seriata (MBAi23AG), Lasiodiplodia theobromae (MBAi28AG), and Neofusicoccum parvum (MBAi27AG) (Accession Nos. KF182329, KF182328, KF182331, and KF182330, respectively) with species nomenclature based on Crous et al. (1). Pathogenicity tests were conducted under greenhouse conditions (24°C, 16/8-h day/night, 70% RH) on 1-year-old own rooted grapevine (Vitis vinifera) cv. Sultana Seedless seedlings using one isolate from each of the Botryosphaeriaceae species specified above. Stems of grapevine seedlings were wounded by removing bark with 4-mm cork borer and fresh mycelial plugs were inoculated into the holes and covered with Parafilm. Sterile PDA plugs were placed into the wounds of control seedlings. Five vines were inoculated per isolate. The experiment was repeated twice. After 4 months of incubation, grapevine seedlings were examined for the extent of vascular discoloration and recovery of fungal isolates. Mean lesion lengths on wood tissues were 85.3, 17.2, 13.9, and 13.1 mm for N. parvum, B. dothidea, L. theobromae, and D. seriata, and 6.3 mm for control. Each fungal isolate was successfully re-isolated from inoculated seedlings to fulfill Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of multiple species in the Botryosphaeriaceae causing wood canker and dieback on grapevine in Turkey. These results are significant because Botryosphaeriaceae species are known causal agents of grapevine trunk disease worldwide (3). References: (1) P. W. Crous et al. Stud. Mycol. 55:235, 2006. (2) B. Slippers et al. Mycologia 96:83, 2004. (3) J. R. Urbez-Torres. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 50:S5, 2011.
25
Deng, T. J., Q. L. Li, X. L. Chen, S. P. Huang, T. X. Guo, J. Y. Mo, J. M. Wei e T. Hsiang. "First Report of Lasiodiplodia theobromae Associated with Stem Canker of Cassia fistula in Guangxi, South China". Plant Disease 99, n.º 2 (fevereiro de 2015): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-08-14-0872-pdn.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Cassia fistula, a member of the Fabaceae, known as the golden shower tree, is native to South Asia. It is now distributed worldwide and is popular as an ornamental plant as well as being used in herbal medicine. In October 2013, symptoms of stem canker were observed on C. fistula in a nursery (108°38′ E, 22°87′ N) in Nanning, Guangxi, China. The symptoms began as small brown lesions, which enlarged over several months to long, striped, slightly sunken lesions, 1 to 9 cm in width and 16 to 135 cm in length. The conspicuous cankers had vertical cracks outlining the canker and evenly spaced horizontal cracks, eventually resulting in whole plants dying back. The cankers were found on 90% of six-year-old plants in this nursery and were also observed in other plantings. On potato dextrose agar (PDA), isolates with similar morphological characteristics were consistently recovered from symptomatic plant tissues after surface sterilization in 75% ethanol for 30 sec and then in 0.1% mercuric chloride for 2 min. Over 100 conidia were examined from three isolates and were found to be elliptical and hyaline when immature, becoming dark brown, one-septate, and longitudinally striate when mature and ranging from 20 to 31 × 11 to 16 μm (average 25.5 × 13.6 μm). The rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of isolate LC-1 was sequenced (GenBank Accession No. KM387285), and it showed 100% identity to Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl. (GenBank KC964548), confirming the morphological identification (2) as L. theobromae (also known as Botryosphaeria rhodina (Cooke) Arx). A culture of this isolate has been preserved in the Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences fungal collection. The pathogenicity of the isolate was tested on healthy twigs and branches of C. fistula trees in a field setting at Guangxi Agricultural Vocational-Technical College, Nanning, Guangxi, in June and August 2014. For each treatment, five green twigs and five 2-year-old branches were used. Five adjacent needle punctures were made on each branch with a sterilized needle. A mycelial plug was then placed on the wound of each branch and wrapped with Parafilm. Control twigs were treated with sterile PDA plugs. One week later, typical lesions were observed on the inoculated branches, with symptoms becoming more extensive after two weeks, but no symptoms were seen on the controls. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by re-isolation of L. theobromae from diseased branches. L. theobromae is recognized as an important wood pathogen and has been reported to cause cankers, dieback, and fruit and root rots in over 500 different hosts, including perennial fruit and nut trees, vegetable crops, and ornamental plants (2). The fungus has been reported on C. fistula in India since the 1970s (1); however, to our knowledge, this is the first report of L. theobromae infecting C. fistula in China. References: (1) R. S. Mathur. The Coelomycetes of India. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Delhi, India, 1979. (2) J. R. Úrbez-Torres et al. Plant Dis. 92:519, 2008.
26
Nishijima, K. A., P. A. Follett, B. C. Bushe e M. A. Nagao. "First Report of Lasmenia sp. and Two Species of Gliocephalotrichum on Rambutan in Hawaii". Plant Disease 86, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2002): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.1.71c.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) is a tropical fruit grown in Hawaii for the exotic fruit market. Fruit rot was observed periodically during 1998 and 1999 from two islands, Hawaii and Kauai, and severe fruit rot was observed during 2000 in orchards in Kurtistown and Papaikou on Hawaii. Symptoms were characterized by brown-to-black, water-soaked lesions on the fruit surface that progressed to blackening and drying of the pericarp, which often split and exposed the aril (flesh). In certain cultivars, immature, small green fruits were totally mummified. Rambutan trees with high incidence of fruit rot also showed symptoms of branch dieback and leaf spot. Lasmenia sp. Speg. sensu Sutton, identified by Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures (Baarn, the Netherlands), was isolated from infected fruit and necrotic leaves. Also associated with some of the fruit rot and dieback symptoms were Gliocephalotrichum simplex (J.A. Meyer) B. Wiley & E. Simmons, and G. bulbilium J.J. Ellis & Hesseltine. G. simplex was isolated from infected fruit, and G. bulbilium was isolated from discolored vascular tissues and infected fruit. Identification of species of Gliocephalotrichum was based on characteristics of conidiophores, sterile hairs, and chlamydospores (1,4). Culture characteristics were distinctive on potato dextrose agar (PDA), where the mycelium of G. bulbilium was light orange (peach) without reverse color, while G. simplex was golden-brown to grayish-yellow with dark brown reverse color. Both species produced a fruity odor after 6 days on PDA. In pathogenicity tests, healthy, washed rambutan fruits were wounded, inoculated with 30 μl of sterile distilled water (SDW) or a fungus spore suspension (105 to 106 spores per ml), and incubated in humidity chambers at room temperature (22°C) under continuous fluorescent light. Lasmenia sp. (strain KN-F99-1), G. simplex (strain KN-F2000-1), and G. bulbilium (strains KN-F2001-1 and KN-F2001-2) produced fruit rot symptoms on inoculated fruit and were reisolated from fruit with typical symptoms, fulfilling Koch's postulates. Controls (inoculated with SDW) had lower incidence or developed less severe symptoms than the fungus treatments. Inoculation tests were conducted at least twice. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Lasmenia sp. in Hawaii and the first report of the genus Gliocephalotrichum on rambutan in Hawaii. These pathogens are potentially economically important to rambutan in Hawaii. G. bulbilium has been reported previously on decaying wood of guava (Psidium guajava L.) in Hawaii (2), and the fungus causes field and postharvest rots of rambutan fruit in Thailand (3). References: (1) J. J. Ellis and C. W. Hesseltine. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 89:21, 1962. (2) D. F. Farr et al. Fungi on Plants and Plant Products in the United States. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 1989. (3) N. Visarathanonth and L. L. Ilag. Pages 51–57 in: Rambutan: Fruit Development, Postharvest Physiology and Marketing in ASEAN. ASEAN Food Handling Bureau, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 1987. (4) B. J. Wiley and E. G. Simmons. Mycologia 63:575, 1971.
27
Shen, Y. M., C. H. Chao e H. L. Liu. "First Report of Neofusicoccum parvum Associated with Stem Canker and Dieback of Asian Pear Trees in Taiwan". Plant Disease 94, n.º 8 (agosto de 2010): 1062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-94-8-1062b.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Asian pear tree (Pyrus pyrifolia) is an important fruit crop in Asian countries. Between the autumn of 2008 and the summer of 2009, stem cankers and twig diebacks of Asian pear trees were observed in middle Taiwan. Necrotic lesions extending from branch scars progressed with age, resulting in darkened vascular discoloration. Two cultivars of Asian pear, Taichung No. 2 grown in Changhwa County and Heng-shan grown in Taichung County, showed the same symptoms. Disease incidence increased rapidly after a rain or storm event, eventually exceeding 50%. Pycnidia on severely infected branches contained one-celled, fusiform to ellipsoidal, smooth- and thin-walled hyaline conidia, with an average length (L) and width (W) of 19.1 (11.3 to 24.8) × 5.9 (4.5 to 8.0) μm and a L/W ratio of 3.2 (n = 44). Diseased branch tissues collected from the two locations were surface sterilized in 0.6% NaOCl, rinsed with water, and plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Fungal isolates, recovered from both locations, produced white, aerial mycelium and became dull gray within a week after incubating plates at 25°C. To confirm the identities of the isolates, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions amplified with primers ITS1/ITS4 were deposited in GenBank (Accession Nos. GU395186 and GU395187). Both of the sequences were 99% identical to that of Neofusicoccum parvum (Accession No. EU882162) over a 534-bp alignment. Thus, both morphological and molecular characters confirmed this species as N. parvum (3), reported as the anamorph of Botryosphaeria parva (1). The two voucher isolates (BCRC34605 and BCRC34609) were deposited in Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Hsinchu, Taiwan. Pathogenicity tests were first conducted on 2-year-old greenhouse-potted Asian pear trees utilizing N. parvum isolate BCRC34605. Ten plants of the cv. Mi-li were stem wounded with a 5-mm cork borer at a depth of 2 mm. Inoculation consisted of inserting 5-mm mycelium plugs of the pathogen into the wounds and wrapping with Parafilm. Sterile PDA plugs applied to an equal number of plants with the same methods served as the controls. After 2 months incubation at an average temperature of 21°C, all inoculated plants exhibited necrotic lesions with a mean length of 23.5 mm and the control plants remained symptomless. The pathogen was reisolated from lesions of inoculated stems, thus fulfilling Koch's postulates. Pathogenicity tests were repeated by inoculating the other N. parvum isolate (BCRC34609) on pear cv. Taichung No. 2, resulting in similar results. N. parvum has been reported causing dieback and canker in a wide range of fruit trees, including grapevine (4) and mango trees (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of N. parvum associated with stem canker and dieback on Asian pear trees. In addition, this is a newly recorded species for the mycobiota of Taiwan. References: (1) P. W. Crous et al. Stud. Mycol. 55:235, 2006. (2) J. Javier-Alva et al. Plant Dis. 93:426, 2009. (3) S. R. Mohali et al. Fungal Divers. 25:103, 2007. (4) J. R. Urbez-Torres and W. D. Gubler. Plant Dis. 93:584, 2009.
28
Park, J. H., M. J. Park, S. H. Lee e H. D. Shin. "First Report of Corynespora Leaf Spot on Ailanthus altissima Caused by Corynespora cassiicola in Korea". Plant Disease 96, n.º 4 (abril de 2012): 586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-11-11-0938.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, known as tree-of-heaven, is a deciduous tree belonging to the family Simaroubaceae, which is native to both northeast and central China and Taiwan. The trees often have the ability to replace indigenous plants and disrupt native ecosystems (3). In August 2010, a leaf spot disease was observed on young trees in Yangpyeong, Korea. Field observation in 2010 and 2011 showed that infections are common on 1- or 2-year-old trees. Adult trees were rarely infected. Symptoms usually started at the margin of leaves and expanded into irregular, dark brown leaf spots, eventually causing significant premature defoliation. Representative samples were deposited in the herbarium of Korea University (KUS-F25174 and -F25304). Conidiophores of fungi observed microscopically on the leaf spots were erect, brown to dark brown, single or occasionally in clusters, 80 to 550 × 5 to 8 μm, and mostly arose on the abaxial surface of symptomatic leaves. Conidia were borne singly or in short chains of two to four, ranging from cylindrical to broadest at the base and tapering apically, straight to slightly curved, pale olivaceous brown, 3 to 18 pseudoseptate, 70 to 450 × 8 to 22 μm, each with a conspicuous thickened hilum. On potato dextrose agar, single-spore cultures of five isolates were identified as Corynespora cassiicola (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) C.T. Wei on the basis of morphological and cultural characteristics (1,4). A monoconidial isolate was preserved at the Korean Agricultural Culture Collection (Accession No. KACC45510). Genomic DNA was extracted with the DNeasy Plant Mini DNA Extraction Kit (Qiagen Inc., Valencia, CA). The complete internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA was amplified with the primers ITS1/ITS4 and sequenced with an ABI Prism 337 automatic DNA sequencer (Applied Biosystems, Foster, CA). The resulting sequence of 548 bp was deposited in GenBank (Accession No. JN974462). The sequence showed >99% similarity (1-bp substitution) with a sequence of C. cassiicola from Ipomoea batatas (GenBank Accession No. FJ852716). To conduct a pathogenicity test, a conidial suspension (~2 × 104 conidia/ml) was prepared by harvesting conidia from 2-week-old cultures of KACC45510 and the suspension sprayed onto the leaves of three healthy seedlings. Three noninoculated seedlings served as control plants. Inoculated and noninoculated plants were kept in humid chambers for 48 h in a glasshouse. After 5 days, typical leaf spot symptoms started to develop on the leaves of all three inoculated plants. C. cassiicola was reisolated from the lesions, confirming Koch's postulates. No symptoms were observed on control plants. C. cassiicola is cosmopolitan with a very wide host range (2). To our knowledge, C. cassiicola has not been reported on A. altissima anywhere in the world. According to field observations in Korea, Corynespora leaf spot was most severe in August and September, especially following a prolonged period of moist weather. C. cassiicola may be a potential biocontrol agent for this highly invasive tree species. References: (1) M. B. Ellis. Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute: Kew, Surrey, England, 1971. (2) D. F. Farr and A. Y. Rossman. Fungal Databases. Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, ARS, USDA, Retrieved from http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabes/ , October 28, 2011. (3) L. B. Knapp and C. D. Canham. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 127:307, 2000. (4) J. H. Kwon et al. Plant Pathol. J. 17:180, 2001.
29
Úrbez-Torres, J. R., W. D. Gubler e J. Luque. "First Report of Botryosphaeria iberica and B. viticola Associated with Grapevine Decline in California". Plant Disease 91, n.º 6 (junho de 2007): 772. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-6-0772c.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Grapevine decline symptoms in California include dead spurs and cordon and trunk dieback due to canker formation in the vascular tissue. Seven Botryosphaeria spp. are known to be associated with grapevine cankers in California, viz. Botryosphaeria australis, B. dothidea, B. lutea, B. obtusa, B. parva, B. rhodina, and B. stevensii (3). Recently, B. iberica and B. viticola also were isolated from grapevine cankers in a field survey that was conducted throughout California. Identification was based on morphological comparisons along with DNA analyses with previously identified isolates from Spain (1,2): B. iberica (CBS115035, ex-type) and B. viticola (CBS117006 and CBS117009, ex-type). DNA sequences of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITSI-5.8S-ITS2), part of the β-tubulin gene (BT2), and part of the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (EF1-α) from B. iberica and B. viticola isolates from California were amplified using primers ITS4/ITS5, Bt2a/Bt2b, and EF-728F/EF-986R, respectively. All DNA sequences of B. iberica and B. viticola from California showed 99 to 100% homology with those previously identified and deposited in GenBank. B. iberica, isolated from grapevine cankers from San Luis Obispo County (central coast), formed colonies on potato dextrose agar (PDA) that were dark green with aerial mycelium, optimum growth at 20 to 25°C, and formed pycnidia after 15 days of incubation at 25°C. Conidia were brown, one-septate, oblong to ovoid with a rounded apex, and measured (20.1-) 22.5 to 23.5 (-27.1) × (8.1) 9.3 to 9.8 (-11.2) μm, length/width ratio = 2.4 (n = 60). B. viticola, isolated from grapevine cankers in Sonoma (north coast), San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara (south coast), Riverside (southern California), and Yolo (Sacramento Valley) counties, formed colonies on PDA that were dark green to grayish with aerial mycelium, optimum growth at 25°C, and formed pycnidia after 2 weeks. Conidia were brown, one-septate, oval to oblong, and measured (16.6-) 19.3 to 20.3 (-23.5) × (8.1) 9.3 to 9.6 (-11.1) μm, length/width ratio = 2.1 (n = 60). Two isolates of each species were used to complete pathogenicity tests (B. iberica: ATCC MYA-4110, ATCC MYA-4111; B. viticola: ATCC MYA-4115, ATCC MYA-4116). Ten fresh pruning wounds on 15-year-old cv. Zinfandel vines were inoculated per isolate using 50 μl of a 5 × 106 conidia per ml suspension. Twenty control pruning wounds were inoculated with the same amount of sterile water. Twelve months after inoculation, all wood inoculated with B. iberica and B. viticola showed internal necrosis extending 35 to 50 and 30 to 35 mm from the point of inoculation, respectively. Necrosis and extent of vascular discoloration in infected wounds was significantly greater (P < 0.05) than in control inoculations (6.5 mm). B. iberica and B. viticola were reisolated from the necrotic region surrounding all inoculation sites. Representative isolates of B. iberica and B. viticola from California were deposited at the American Type Culture Collection (B. iberica: MYA-4110, MYA-4111; B. viticola: MYA-4112 to MYA-4116). Sequences from the studied DNA regions of all isolates were deposited at GenBank. To our knowledge, this is the first report implicating either species as a cause of grapevine decline in California and B. iberica as a pathogen of Vitis vinifera anywhere in the world. References: (1) J. Luque et al. Mycologia 97:1111, 2005. (2) A. J. L. Phillips et al. Mycologia 97:513, 2005. (3) J. R. Úrbez-Torres et al. Plant Dis. 90:1490, 2006.
30
Besoain, X., C. Torres, G. A. Díaz e B. A. Latorre. "First Report of Neofusicoccum australe Associated with Botryosphaeria Canker of Grapevine in Chile". Plant Disease 97, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2013): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-07-12-0652-pdn.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
A survey of trunk diseases was conducted in 2010 in vineyards (n = 14) in central Chile (latitude 33°51′ to 36°30′), specifically of Vitis vinifera ‘Cabernet Sauvignon,’ which is the main wine-grape cultivar (38,806 ha) in Chile. The following symptoms of trunk disease were observed in 5- to 19-year-old grapevines: short internodes, dead spurs, dead cordons (arms), and shoot dieback. Upon cutting into cordons and trunks of symptomatic vines, brown, V-shaped cankers of hard consistency were observed. A total of 56 wood cankers were collected, and small pieces of symptomatic wood (approximately 4 mm in diameter) taken from the canker margin were surface disinfected (75% ethanol, 30 s) and placed on acidified PDA (0.5 ml of 96% lactic acid per liter; APDA), which was incubated for 4 to 7 days at 24°C. Colonies, tentatively identified as a species within the Botryosphaeriaceae based on the presence of whitish-to-gray aerial mycelium and exhibiting rapid growth (4 to 5 cm colony diameter in 48 h), were hyphal-tip purified to APDA for identification. Colonies produced globose, black pycnidia with unicellular, hyaline, ellipsoidal, densely granulate, externally smooth, and thin-walled conidia of 17.0 ± 0.7 ± 6.7 ± 0.4 μm (n = 20). A yellow pigmentation was observed at the center of 48-h colonies on APDA. Morphologically, these isolates were identified as Neofusicoccum australe (Slippers, Crous & M.J. Wingfield) Crous, Slippers & A.J.L. Phillips (2,3). BLASTn searches of the ITS rDNA region, amplified with PCR primers ITS4/ITS5 (532 bp), and a 400-bp section of the beta-tubulin subunit 2 gene amplified with primers Bt2a and Bt2b of N. australe (GenBank Accession No. JX290091 and JX679868, respectively) revealed 99% similarity with the ITS and beta-tubulin sequences of N. australe reference strains EF638778 and HQ392761, respectively. Pathogenicity tests were conducted using N. australe isolate Vid1559 on 2-year-old Cabernet Sauvignon plants (n = 4), which were inoculated by wounding the woody stem with a scalpel approximately 1 cm below the most basal bud, placing an 8-mm mycelial plug taken from a 7-day culture into the wound, and then sealing the wound with Parafilm. Non-inoculated controls (n = 4) were ‘mock’ inoculated with sterile agar plugs. After 3 months under field conditions, during spring and summer, the woody stems were examined for vascular discoloration (VD), characteristic of a wood canker. Inoculated plants had stems with light-brown, necrotic VD with a mean length of 15.2 cm, measured from the inoculation point. No VD was observed on the controls. N. australe was reisolated from 100% of the inoculated plants, completing Koch's postulates. Of 14 vineyards surveyed, 8% were infected with N. australe. N. australe is known as a trunk pathogen of grape (4), and other species of Botryosphaeriaceae have been associated with grapevine trunk disease in Chile (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of N. australe causing Botryosphaeria canker of grape in Chile, where the pathogen is previously reported on blueberry (2). References: (1) G. A. Díaz et al. Plant Dis. 95:1032, 2011. (2) J. G. Espinoza et al. Plant Dis. 92:1407, 2008. (3) Slippers et al. Mycologia 96:1030, 2004. (4) J. R. Úrbez-Torres Phytopathol. Mediterr. 50:S5, 2011.
31
Iddo Driantami, Nimas Anggita, e Ari Prasetyo. "Peran Store Image terhadap Repurchase Intention dengan Mediasi Customer Satisfaction". Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori dan Terapan 9, n.º 3 (31 de maio de 2022): 427–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/vol9iss20223pp427-438.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran dari store image terhadap repurchase intention pada Karita Muslim Square Surabaya yang di mediasi dengan customer satisfaction. Sampel yang digunakan yaitu 131 responden yang pernah melakukan pembelian di Karita Muslim Square Surabaya. Pengujian menggunakan SEM-PLS dengan konstruk pertama yang menunjukkan hasil yang tidak valid, sehingga pengujian dilanjutkan dengan pengujian konstruk kedua dengan mengeliminasi beberapa indikator, sehingga hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa antar variabel dalam konstruk secara langsung memiliki pengaruh yang positif signifikan. Sedangkan secara tidak langsung customer satisfaction menunjukkan hubungan yang positif signifikan dalam memediasi store image terhadap repurchase intention. Sehingga customer satisfaction memiliki peran partial mediation dalam peneltian ini. Penelitian ini diharapkan memiliki manfaat bagi perusahaan terkait maupun sejenis agar mampu melihat segala peluang yang ada disekitar dengan memanfaatkan setiap komponen maupun dimensi citra toko agar dapat dimanfaatkan secara maksimal untuk mencapai tujuan dari tiap-tiap perusahaan. Kata Kunci: Store Image, Customer satisfaction, Repurchase intention, Islamic Retail. ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the role of store image on repurchase intention at Karita Muslim Square Surabaya which is mediated by customer satisfaction. The sample used is 131 respondents who have purchased at Karita Muslim Square Surabaya. The test uses SEM-PLS with the first construct showing invalid results, so the test is continued with the second construct testing by eliminating several indicators, the evaluation results show that the variables in the construct directly have a significant positive effect. Meanwhile, customer satisfaction indirectly shows a significant positive relationship in mediating store image on repurchase intention. So customer satisfaction has a partial mediation role in this research. This research is expected to have benefits for related and similar companies so they are able to see all the opportunities that exist by utilizing every component and dimension of the store image so they can be utilized optimally to achieve the goals of each company. Keywords: Store Image, Customer satisfaction, Repurchase intention, Islamic retail. DAFTAR PUSTAKA Akter, S., & Ashraf, E. (2016). Factors affecting repurchase intention of customers: In the context of retail chain store industry in Bangladesh. European Journal of Business and Management, 8(32), 40–47. Bray, J. (2008). Consumer behaviour theory: Approaches and models. Unpublished Discussion paper. Retrieved from https://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/10107/1/Consumer_Behaviour_Theory_-_Approaches_%26_Models.pdf Burlison, J., & Oe, H. (2018). A discussion framework of store image and patronage: A literature review. International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, 46(7), 705–724. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJRDM-11-2017-0275 Burt, S., & Carralero-Encinas, J. (2000). The role of store image in retail internationalisation. International Marketing Review, 17(4–5), 433–453. https://doi.org/10.1108/02651330010339941 Cuong, P. H. (2019). Antecedents of store management strategies and visual merchandising on the in-store engagement of consumer good buyers: An empirical study. Global Business and Finance Review, 24(4), 76–89. https://doi.org/10.17549/gbfr.2019.24.4.76 Gocek, I., & Beceren, Y. I. (2012). Assessment of the effects of store image, perceived risk and customer relations on customer satisfaction in the textile industry. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(9), 133–146. Hamid, R. S., & Anwar, D. S. M. (2019). Structural equation modeling (SEM) berbasis varian: Konsep dasar dan aplikasi dengan program SmartPLS 3.2.8 dalam riset bisnis. Jakarta: PT. Inkubator Penulis Indonesia. Harahap, L. K. (2020). Analisis SEM (Structural equation modelling) dengan SMARTPLS (Partial least square). Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi UIN Walisongo Semarang, 1, 1-11. Haryono, S. (2017). Metode SEM untuk penelitian manajemen dengan AMOS LISREL PLS. Bekasi: PT. Intermedia Personalia Utama. Hellier, P. K., Geursen, G. M., Carr, R. A., & Rickard, J. A. (2003). Customer repurchase intention. European Journal of Marketing, 37(11/12), 1762–1800. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560310495456 Ho, H. T., Nguyen, T. K. A., Olsen, S. O., & Vassdal, T. (2010). Explaining repurchase intention towards in Vietnam: The extension of the theory of planned behavior. IIFET 2010 Montpellier Proceedings, 1–12. Hosseini, Z., Jayashree, S., & Malarvizhi, C. (2014). Store image and its effect on customer perception of retail stores. Asian Social Science, 10(21), 223–235. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v10n21p223 Ibzan, E., Balarabe, F., & Jakada, B. (2016). Consumer satisfaction and repurchase intentions. Developing Country Studies, 6(2), 96–100. Indrasari, M. (2019). Pemasaran dan kepuasan pelanggan. Surabaya: Unitomo press. Bloemer, J. & Ruyter, K. D. (1997). On the relationship between store image, store satisfaction and store loyalty. European Journal of Marketing, 32(5/6), 499–513. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090569810216118 Kementerian Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional. (2019). Masterplan Ekonomi syariah Indonesia 2019-2024. Jakarta: Kementerian Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional. Khoa, B. T., Nguyen, T. D., & Nguyen, V. T. T. (2020). Factors affecting customer relationship and the repurchase intention of designed fashion products. Journal of Distribution Science, 18(2), 17–28. https://doi.org/10.15722/jds.18.2.20202.17 Kotler, P., & Armstrong, G. (2016). Principles of marketing. New York: Pearson Education. Kotler, P., & Keller, K. K. (2012). Marketing management. New York: Pearson Education. Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2009). Manajemen pemasaran. New York: Pearson education. Nurhidayatuloh, & Nugroho, A. P. (2010). Marketing strategy in modern retail business in the sharia economic perspective, 1-27. Richard, L. (1999). Whence consumer loyalty? Journal of Marketing, 63(Special Issue 1999), 33–44. https://doi.org/10.2307/1252099 Setyo, W., & Wibowo, A. (2013). The effect of store image, product signature and product varitation towards repurchase intention in niki eco store Semarang. Journal of Management, 1(1), 1–18. Silva, T. S., & Giraldi, J. de M. E. (2010). The influence of store image on customer satisfaction: a case study of a shoe store. Brazilian Business Review, 7(2), 60–77. https://doi.org/10.15728/bbr.2010.7.2.4 Syifa Johan, I., Indriyani, R., & Vincēviča-Gaile, Z. (2020). Measuring repurchase intention on fashion online shopping. SHS Web of Conferences, 76, 01015. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20207601015 Tellis, G. J. (1988). Advertising exposure, loyalty, and brand purchase: A two-stage model of choice. Journal of Marketing Research, 25(2), 134-144. https://doi.org/10.2307/3172645 Uğur, Ö. G. (2017). The effects of store image characteristics on repurchase intention and word of mouth marketing: sivas aydinli readymade store example. The Journal of Academic Social Science, 40(2016), 332–343. http://dx.doi.org/10.16992/ASOS.11930 Visser, E. M., Du Preez, R., & Janse Van Noordwyk, H. S. (2006). Importance of apparel store image attributes: Perceptions of female consumers. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 32(3). https://doi.org/10.4102/sajip.v32i3.437 Watanabe, E. A. de M., Lima-Filho, D. D. O., & Torres, C. V. (2013). Store image attributes and customer satisfaction in supermarkets in Campo Grande-MS. Revista Brasileira de Marketing, 12(4), 85–107. https://doi.org/10.5585/remark.v12i4.2561 Yalcin, A., Aksoy, L., Keiningham, T. L., Larivière, B., III, F. V. M., & Mithas, S. (2012). The satisfaction, repurchase intention and shareholder value linkage: A longitudinal examination of fixed and firm-specific effects. International Conference on Economic Modeling, Proceedings, 37.
32
Erazo Solórzano, Cyntia, Diana Salazar Daza, Jaime Vera Chang e Diego Tuárez García. "APLICACIÓN DE BACTERIAS ÁCIDO-LÁCTICAS PROVENIENTES DEL MUCILAGO DE CACAO COMO AGENTE DE CONSERVACIÓN DE LA PAPAYA". Universidad Ciencia y Tecnología 24, n.º 107 (24 de dezembro de 2020): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.47460/uct.v24i107.412.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la conservación de la papaya con aplicación de bacterias ácidos lácticas provenientes del mucilago de cacao, se utilizaron diferentes porcentajes de aplicación (0, 5, 10 %) por aspersión a temperatura ambiente 35°C, se valoró el cambio en las características físicas, químicas, y microbiológicas en un lapso de 14 días, el peso de la papaya fluctuó entre 1 – 1.4 kg, considerando una madurez de cosecha. Se realizó un Diseño Completamente al Azar (DCA) con arreglo bifactorial AxB, para la comparación de medias de los tratamientos a estudiar se utilizó la prueba de rangos de Tukey al 5%. Las variables evaluadas (pH, pérdida de peso, acidez) dio como resultado que el tratamiento T9 (10% BAL; 14 Días) fue el que mantuvo mejores propiedades de almacenamiento transcurrido el tiempo de 14 días de conservación, el color de la fruta se mantuvo en niveles adecuados.
Palabras Clave: características sensoriales, frutas frescas, procesamiento de frutas, tiempo de vida útil.
Referencias
[1]Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación FAO, “Procesamiento de frutas y verduras,” Roma, 2014.
[2]E. Rodríguez-Sauceda, “Uso de agentes antimicrobianos naturales en la conservación de frutas y hortalizas,” Ra Ximhai, vol. 7, pp. 153–170, 2011, doi: 10.35197/rx.07.01.2011.14.er.
[3]R. Raybaudi-Massilia, R. Soliva, y O. Martín, “Simposio Iberoamericano de Hortalizas Frescas , 1 / Congreso Nacional de Procesamiento Mínimo de Frutas y Hortalizas , 4 ( 2006 ),” 2006.
[4]M. Valle, “Aplicación de recubrimientos comestibles para mantener la calidad de frutillas congeladas,” p. 211, 2012.
[5]A. Garcia Figueroa, A. Ayala-Aponte, y M. I. Sánchez-Tamayo, “Efecto de recubrimientos comestibles de Aloe vera y alginato de sodio sobre la calidad poscosecha de fresa,” Rev. U.D.C.A Actual. Divulg. Científica, vol. 22, no. 2, 2019, doi: 10.31910/rudca.v22.n2.2019.1320.
[6]K. Córdova y A. Loor, “Prolongación de la vida útil de la papaya ( Carica papaya ) en percha por inmersión en soluciones de propóleo en etanol,” 2014.
[7]I. M. Brasil, C. Gomes, A. Puerta-Gomez, M. E. Castell-Perez, y R. G. Moreira, “Polysaccharide-based multilayered antimicrobial edible coating enhances quality of fresh-cut papaya,” LWT - Food Sci. Technol., vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 39–45, 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.lwt.2012.01.005.
[8]Z. Kalvatchev, D. Garzaro, y F. Guerra Cedezo, “Theobroma cacao L.: Un nuevo enfoque para nutrición y salud,” Rev. Agroaliment., vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 23–25,1998.
[9]S. Vasquez, H. Suárez, y S. Zapata, “Utilización de sustancias antimicrobianas producidas por bacterias acido lácticas en la conservación de la carne,” Rev. Chil. Nutr., vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 64–71, 2009, doi: 10.1097/PHH.0000000000000678.
[10]R. Rivera-Rebollar, S. Cabrera-Calderón, A. Lira-Vargas, M. Trejo-Márquez, y S. Pascual-Bustamante, “Efecto de recubrimiento de carboximetilcelulosaadicionado con extracto de epazote en el control de hongos postcosecha de papaya, jitomate y chile,” Investig. y Desarro. en Cienc. y Tecnol. Aliment., vol.1, no. 2, pp. 379–384, 2016.
[11]A. Sañudo, J. Siller, T. Osuna, D. Muy, G. López, y J. Labavitch, “Control de la maduración en frutos de papaya (Carica papaya L.) con 1-metilciclopropenoy ácido 2- cloroetil fosfónico,” Rev. Fitotec. Mex., vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 141–147, 2008.
[12]A. Almeida-Castro, J. Reis-Pimentel, D. Santos-Souza, y T. Vieira, “Estudio de la conservación de la papaya (Carica papaya L.) asociado a la aplicación de películas comestibles,” Rev. Venez. Cienc. y Tecnol. Aliment., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 49–060, 2011.
[13]A. Jimenes-Trujillo, “Recubrimiento Comestible a Base de Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis miller) para Papaya (Carica papaya) Y Guayaba (Psidium guajava)Como Alternativa de Alimentos de IV Gama,” Universidad Técnica del Norte, 2017.
[14]Instituto Ecuatoriano de Normalización, “NTE INEN-ISO 750:2013 Productos Vegetales y de Frutas - Determinación de la Acidez Titulable (IDT),” 2013.
[15]Instituto Ecuatoriano de Normalización., “NTE INEN 1756. Frutas Frescas. Papaya. Requisitos,” Ecuador, 1990.
[16]A. International, “AOAC: Official Methods of Analysis.”.
[17]Instituto Ecuatoriano de Normalización, “Norma Técnica Ecuatoriana NTE INEN-ISO 2173:2013,” 2013.
[18]A. Miranda, A. Alvis, y G. Arrazola, “Efectos de dos recubrimientos sobre la calidad de la papaya (Carica papaya) variedad tainung,” Temas Agrar., vol. 19,no. 1, pp. 7–18, 2014.
[19]L. Konda et al., “InfluêncIa da atmosfera modIfIcada por fIlmes plástIcos sobre a qualIdade do mamão armazenado sob refrIgeração 1,” 2006.
[20]A. Castricini, “Aplicação de Revestimentos Comestíveis para Conservação de Mamões (Carica papaya L.) ‘Golden,’” UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL RURALDO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2009.
[21]M. Mata, M. del C. Vásquez, N. Higinio, y D.Hernandéz, “Estudio comparativo de bio-recubrimientos a partir de Manihot esculenta y Phaseolus vulgarisempleadas como recubrimiento en uvas moradas,” Rev. Ciencias Ambient. y Recur. Nat., vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 11–25, 2016.
[22]M. Maskan, “Microwave/air and microwave finish drying of banana,” J. Food Eng., vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 71–78, 2000, doi: 10.1016/S0260-8774(99)00167-3.
[23]R. Torres, E. Montes, O. Pérez, y R. Andrade,“Relación del color y del estado de madurez con las propiedades fisicoquímicas de frutas tropicales,” Inf. Tecnológica, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 51–56, 2013, doi: 10.4067/S0718-07642013000300007.
33
Ollé, Candela. "Las Glorias, un espacio en construcción". COMeIN, n.º 40 (15 de janeiro de 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.7238/c.n40.1501.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Cultura e innovación se dan de la mano en la plaza de las Glòries de Barcelona. El Teatre Nacional de Catalunya (TNC), la torre Agbar, el Auditori, la Farinera del Clot, el nuevo mercado Encants, el distrito tecnológico 22@, la Biblioteca Josep Benet y recientemente el Museu del Disseny. Una parte de la ciudad que está en pleno proceso de transformación, con edificios que no te dejan indiferente por su arquitectura y otros por ser relevantes en la agenda cultural.
34
Pérez Gálvez, Iris Marley, Victoria Ayala Escobar, Elias Ortiz Cervantes, Adriana Rosalía Gijón Hernández e Sergio Aranda Ocampo. "Schizophyllum commune Fr. asociado a Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg. en México". Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Forestales 12, n.º 66 (30 de junho de 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.29298/rmcf.v12i66.806.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Hevea brasiliensis es la especie de mayor importancia económica del género Hevea, de la cual se obtiene 99 % de la producción mundial de hule natural. En México, durante 2018 se registró una producción total de 75 922 toneladas que se obtuvieron de 28 172 ha plantadas en cinco estados: Chiapas, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Veracruz y Puebla. De ellos, Veracruz ocupa el primer lugar, con 66 % de la producción. Las enfermedades en el árbol del hule afectan la óptima producción de látex en todo el mundo. En 2018, se detectó la incidencia en vivero de una pudrición en tocones de hule injertados con el clon IAN-873 en el municipio Martínez de la Torre; por lo anterior, el objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar el agente asociado a la pudrición de tocones en dicho lugar. Se cultivaron muestras de tejido leñoso con pudrición y micelio en medio Extracto de Malta Agar (MEA) y se incubaron a 28 ± 1 °C por 72 h; se desarrollaron colonias algodonosas, con micelio color blanco-crema. Con base en la morfología del cultivo en el medio MEA y el análisis filogenético cono la secuencia de la región ITS, obtenida mediante la amplificación con los primers ITS5/ITS4 del aislamiento, se identificó a Schizophyllum commune como el hongo asociado a la pudrición de los tocones de H. brasiliensis, lo que corresponde al primer registro para México.
35
Zhang, Jingxin, Huifang Shen, Yongqiang Zhang, Xiaoming Pu, Qiyun Yang, Feizhao Wang, Dayuan Sun e B. R. Lin. "First report of Curvularia gladioli causing leaf spots on Gladiolus gandavensis in China". Plant Disease, 10 de maio de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-01-21-0016-pdn.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Gladiolus (Gladiolus gandavensis Van Houtte) is a perennial plant in the family Iridaceae, which shows sword-shaped leaves and spikes of brilliantly colored irregular flowers arising from corms. It is one of the most important fresh cut flowers and is widely cultivated worldwide, including in China. In September 2020, white pinpoints were first observed on gladiolus leaves in Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province, China. The white spots eventually turned brown. The lesions then developed into oval to circular spots, which were surrounded with an obvious yellow halo. The spots expanded and coalesced, causing leaf blight. These symptoms were observed on approximately 10% of gladiolus plants in fields measuring ca. 70 ha. Symptomatic leaves were sampled from fields, surface sterilized in 75% ethanol for 30 s, submerged in a 2% NaOCl solution for 10 min, and rinsed three times with sterile water. The samples were then cut into pieces (5 × 5 mm) and incubated for 4 d on potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 25°C. A representative fungal colony was subcultured onto new PDA and grown for another 7 d, and its mycelium appeared to be grayish-black and villiform. This strain was named as Cg_TS. Its conidiophores were simple, septate, cylindrical in shape, and moderate brown in color. They occurred singly or in groups. They were straight or slightly flexuous and ranged in size from 57.0 to 80.0 μm × 4.0 to 8.0 μm. Conidia were 3-distoseptate and curved at the third cell from the base. The third cell was swollen to one side and larger than other cells. These conidia ranged in size from 23.5 to 32.0 μm × 11.5 to 16.0 μm. These morphological characteristics were consistent with the description of Curvularia gladioli Boerema & Hamers (Boerema and Hamers 1989). Using primer pair ITS1 and ITS4, PCR was applied to amplify the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA. This sequence (GenBank accession No. MW426196.1) was subjected to BLAST in GenBank, suggesting that it was most similar to C. gladioli sequences, LT631345.1 and HG778987.1, with both of 99.49% of similarity. To fulfill Koch's postulates, healthy two-month-old gladiolus plants were used for pathogenicity testing, and the leaves were wounded by pressing slightly with a pipette tip. Mycelium disks (3 mm diameter) were applied onto wounded leaves of 10 plants. Another 10 healthy plants were inoculated with PDA disks which served as control. Inoculated samples were placed in a greenhouse at 25°C and 90% relative humidity. After 3 d, brown leaf spots appeared on all of pathogen-inoculated leaves. The symptoms were consistent with those initially observed and C. gladioli was re-isolated from the symptomatic tissue. Identification was confirmed by morphological observation and ITS sequencing. Control leaves remained symptomless. The curvularia fungus was firstly reported on gladiolus in Florida in 1947 and spread globally via infected corms (Torre et al. 2015), it was also reported to cause leaf spots on gladiolus in Brazil in 2013 (Torres et al. 2013). Although C. gladioli had been recorded as a Curvularia species occurring in China (Zhang et al. 2006), it was not reported to cause leaf spots on gladiolus in Guangdong Province and elsewhere in China. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Curvularia gladioli causing leaf spots on gladiolus in China. Identification of this pathogen will help develop diagnostic methods for corms and seedlings, and may lead to the development of appropriate chemical management strategies.
36
Bustamante, Marcelo I., Karina Elfar, Rhonda Smith, Larry Bettiga, Tian Tian, Gabriel Andrés Torres-Londoño e Akif Eskalen. "First Report of Fusarium annulatum Associated with Young Vine Decline in California". Plant Disease, 20 de março de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-21-2790-pdn.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
From 2018 to 2021 a decline was detected in young vineyards of both wine and table grape (Vitis vinifera L.) in seven counties across California (Kern, Monterey, Napa, Sonoma, Tulare, Yolo, and Yuba). Affected vines showed poor or no growth throughout the season, dieback, sap exudation and internal cankers around the graft union. Lack of feeder roots was detected, indicating weak root development. In some cases, graft failure was associated with the symptomatology in recently established vineyards (<3 years old). A prevalence from 5 to 50% was estimated in 10 vineyards. Affected vines (n=34) were collected by farm advisors and submitted to the laboratory. Symptomatic vines were surface disinfected with 70% ethanol for 1 minute and air dried under sterile conditions. Vascular discoloration around the graft union was observed and inspected by removing the bark using a sterile knife. Isolations were performed from the margin of lesions by placing five wood sections (1×1 mm) per vine onto potato dextrose agar acidified with 0.5 mL/L of 85% lactic acid (APDA) and incubated for 7 days at 25°C in the dark. Even though other fungi associated with young vine decline were isolated and identified as Phaeoacremonium, Ilyonectria, and Botryosphaeriaceae species, Fusarium colonies (Leslie and Summerell, 2006) were the most prevalent among all the symptomatic vines. Pure cultures were obtained by transferring single hyphal tips onto fresh PDA. After 5 days of incubation, colonies formed white aerial mycelium with orange to purple colors on the bottom. Colonies in Spezieller Nährstoffarmer agar (SNA) produced abundant microconidia that were hyaline and ovoid to elliptical, ranging from 5.4 to 10.6 (7.4) × 1.4 to 3.3 (2.4) µm in size (n=50). Straight and slightly curved macroconidia varied from 15.5 to 42.3 (23.7) × 2.6 to 5.0 (3.6) µm in size (n=50). Upon DNA extraction, the translation elongation factor 1α (tef1) and the RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2) partial gene regions were amplified and sequenced using the EF1/EF2, 5F2/7cR and 7cF/11aR pair primers, respectively (O’Donnell et al. 1998, O’Donnell et al. 2007, Liu et al. 1999). Consensus sequences were compared to the NCBI database using BLAST, showing over 99% similarity with the ex-type sequence of F. annulatum CBS 258.54 (MT010994 and MT010983). A maximum likelihood multi-locus phylogenetic analysis confirmed that all the Californian isolates cluster with F. annulatum strains. Sequences were deposited in GenBank (nos. OK888534 to OK888537). Two representative isolates (UCD9188 and UCD9416) were used for pathogenicity tests. One-year-old ‘Chardonnay’ vines were inoculated between the second and third node by removing a 5-mm diameter disk of the bark using a sterile cork borer and placing a 5-mm agar plug with actively growing mycelium. Five replicates per isolate including controls with sterile agar plugs were incubated under greenhouse conditions for 2 months. The experiment was performed twice. Symptoms expressed as vascular linear necrotic lesions that ranged from 25.6 to 62.8 mm and the same pathogen was recovered, thus fulfilling Koch’s postulates. Fusarium annulatum Bugnic. is a morphologically and genetically diverse species that has been widely known as F. proliferatum and known to be pathogenic in more than 200 plant hosts (Yilmaz et al. 2021). Fusarium spp. have been previously reported to cause young vine decline in Australia and British Columbia, Canada (Highet and Nair, 1995; Úrbez-Torres et al. 2017). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of F. annulatum associated with young vine decline complex in California.
37
Zafri, Azim Syahmi, Rita Muhamad, Aswad Wahab, Anis Syahirah Mokhtar e Erneeza Mohd Hata. "First Report of Leaf Blight on Parthenium hysterophorus Caused by Nigrospora sphaerica in Malaysia". Plant Disease, 8 de abril de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-02-21-0411-pdn.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Weeds may act as inoculum reservoirs for fungal pathogens that could affect other economically important crops (Karimi et al. 2019). In February 2019, leaves of the ubiquitous invasive weed, Parthenium hysterophorus L. (parthenium weed) exhibiting symptom of blight were observed at Ladang Infoternak Sg. Siput (U), a state–owned livestock center in Perak, Malaysia. Symptoms appeared as irregularly shaped, brown–to–black necrotic lesions across the entire leaf visible from both surfaces, and frequently on the older leaves. The disease incidence was approximately 30% of 1,000 plants. Twenty symptomatic parthenium weed leaves were collected from several infested livestock feeding plots for pathogen isolation. The infected tissues were sectioned and surface–sterilized with 70% ethyl alcohol for 1 min, rinsed three times with sterile distilled water, transferred onto potato dextrose agar, and incubated at 25°C under continuous dark for 7 days. Microscopic observation revealed fungal colonies with similar characteristics. Mycelium was initially white and gradually changed to pale orange on the back of the plate but later turned black as sporulation began. Conidia were spherical or sub–spherical, single–celled, smooth–walled, 12 to 21 μm diameter (mean = 15.56 ± 0.42 μm, n= 30) and were borne on a hyaline vesicle. Based on morphological features, the fungus was preliminarily identified as Nigrospora sphaerica (Sacc) E. W. Mason (Wang et al. 2017). To confirm identity, molecular identification was conducted using isolate 1SS which was selected as a representative isolate from the 20 isolates obtained. Genomic DNA was extracted from mycelia using a SDS–based extraction method (Xia et al. 2019). Amplification of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was conducted with universal primer ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990; Úrbez–Torres et al. 2008). The amplicon served as a template for Sanger sequencing conducted at a commercial service provider (Apical Scientific, Malaysia). The generated sequence trace data was analyzed with BioEdit v7.2. From BLASTn analysis, the ITS sequence (GenBank accession number. MN339998) had at least 99% nucleotide identity to that of N. sphaerica (GenBank accession number. MK108917). Pathogenicity was confirmed by spraying the leaf surfaces of 12 healthy parthenium weed plants (2–months–old) with a conidial suspension (106 conidia per ml) collected from a 7 day–old culture. Another 12 plants served as a control treatment and received only sterile distilled water. Inoculation was done 2 h before sunset and the inoculated plants were covered with plastic bags for 24 h to promote conidial germination. All plants were maintained in a glasshouse (24 to 35°C) for the development of the disease. After 7 days, typical leaf blight symptoms developed on the inoculated plants consistent with the symptoms observed in the field. The pathogen was re–isolated from the diseased leaves and morphological identification revealed the same characteristics as the original isolate with 100% re–isolation frequency, thus, fulfilling Koch’s postulates. All leaves of the control plants remained symptomless and the experiment was repeated twice. In Malaysia, the incidence of N. sphaerica as a plant pathogen has been recorded on several important crops such as watermelon and dragon fruit (Kee et al. 2019; Ismail and Abd Razak 2021). To our knowledge, this is the first report of leaf blight on P. hysterophorus caused by N. sphaerica from this country. This report justifies the significant potential of P. hysterophorus as an alternative weed host for the distribution of N. sphaerica. Acknowledgement This research was funded by Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM/GP–IPB/2017/9523402). References Ismail, S. I., and Abd Razak, N. F. 2021. Plant Dis. 105:488. Karimi, K., et al. 2019. Front Microbiol. 10:19. Kee, Y. J., et al. 2019. Crop Prot. 122:165. Úrbez–Torres, J. R., et al. 2008. Plant Dis. 92:519. Wang, M., et al. 2017. Persoonia 39:118. White, T. J. et al. 1990. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Xia, Y., et al. 2019. Biosci Rep. 39:BSR20182271.
38
Zhao, Xiaosheng, Chaorong Meng, Xiang-Yu Zeng, Zaifu Yang e Xue-Jun Pan. "First report of Diplodia mutila causing leaf blight on Magnolia grandiflora in China". Plant Disease, 16 de janeiro de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-08-21-1787-pdn.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Magnolia grandiflora is a widely cultivated ornamental tree in China. In June 2020, a leaf blight disease was observed on M. grandiflora in Guizhou University (26° 44' 57'' N, 106° 65' 94'' E) in Guiyang, China. The initial symptoms on leaves were expanding round necrotic lesions with a grey center and dark brown edge, and twigs were withered when the disease was serious. Of the 100 plants surveyed 65% had symptoms. To isolate the potential causal pathogen, diseased leaves were collected from an M. grandiflora tree at Guizhou University. Isolations from made form the junction between healthy and symptomatic tissue and disinfested by immersing in 75% ethanol for 30 seconds, 3% NaOCl for 2 minutes, and then washed 3 times in sterile distilled water. Symptomatic tissue was then plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 25ºC with 12-hour light for 3–5 days. Three isolates (GUCC 21235.1, GUCC 21235.2 and GUCC 21235.3) were obtained. Colonies on PDA after 7 d were dark brown, pycnidia embedded in the mydelium were dark brown to black, single and separated. Conidiophores were transparent measuring 7–12.5 × 2.5–4.5 µm (mean = 9.5 × 3.6 µm, n = 30) in length. Conidia were transparent becoming brown when mature with a diaphragm, with round ends measuring, 21–27 × 10–15 µm (mean = 23.6 × 12.6 µm, n = 30). To confirm the pathogen by molecular characterization, four genes or DNA fragments, ITS, LSU, tef1 and β-tubulin, were amplified using the following primer pairs: ITS4-F/ ITS5-R (White et al., 1990), LR0R/ LR5 (Rehner & Samuels, 1994), EF1-688F/ EF1-986R (Carbone & Kohn, 1999) and Bt2a/ Bt2b (O'Donnell & Cigelnik, 1997). The sequences of four PCR fragments of GUCC 21235.1 were deposited in GenBank, and the accession numbers were MZ519778 (ITS), MZ520367 (LSU), MZ508428 (tef1) and MZ542354 (β-tubulin). Bayesian inference was performed based on a concatenated dataset of ITS, LSU, tef1 and β-tubulin gene using MrBayes 3.2.10, and the isolates GUCC 21235.1 formed a single clade with the reference isolates of Diplodia mutila (Diplodia mutila strain CBS 112553). BLASTn analysis indicated that the sequences of ITS, LSU, tef1 and β-tubulin revealed 100% (546/546 nucleotides), 99.82% (568/569 nucleotides), 100% (302/302 nucleotides), and 100% (437/437 nucleotides) similarity with that of D. mutila in GenBank (AY259093, AY928049, AY573219 and DQ458850), respectively. For confirmation of the pathogenicity of this fungus, a conidial suspension (1×105 conidia mL-1) was prepared from GUCC 21235.1, and healthy leaves of M. grandiflora trees were surface-disinfested by 75% ethanol, rinsed with sterilized distilled water and dried by absorbent paper. Small pieces of filter paper (5 mm ×5 mm), dipped with 20 µL conidial suspension (1×105 conidia mL-1) or sterilized distilled water (as control), were placed on the bottom-left of the leaves for inoculation. Then the leaves were sprayed with sterile distilled water, wrapped with a plastic film and tin foil successively to maintain high humidity in the dark dark. After 36 h, the plastic film and tin foil on the leaves was removed, and the leaves were sprayed with distilled water three times each day at natural condition (average temperature was about 25 °C, 14 h light/10 h dark). After 10 days of inoculation, the same leaf blight began to appear on the leaves inoculated with conidial suspension. No lesion was appeared on the control leaves. The fungus was re-isolated from the symptomatic tissue. Based on the morphological information and molecular characterization, the isolate GUCC 21235.1 is D. mutila. Previous reports indicated that D. mutila infects a broad host range and gives rise to a canker disease of olive, apple and jujube (Úrbez-Torres et al., 2013; Úrbez-Torres et al., 2016; Feng et al., 2019). This is the first report of leaf blight on M. grandiflora caused by D. mutila in China.
39
Ordóñez, Javier, Ana María Pastrana, Celia Borrero, Ángel Rodríguez-Tello e Manuel Avilés. "First report of root and crown rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl. on Prunus cerasifera L. in Spain". Plant Disease, 24 de janeiro de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-11-23-2411-pdn.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
In 2021, Spain was the largest producer of cherries in Europe with a production of 125810 tons (FAOSTAT, 2021). In May 2022, in several production fields in Huelva (Spain), wilting was noted in 4-year-old cherry trees cv. Crystal Champaign grafted on rootstock cv. Adara (Prunus cerasifera L.). Gumming and wilting affected approx. 1% of the production area, leading to the eventual collapse and death of most affected trees within 2-3 years. Discoloration of the vascular system of the crown and roots was also noted. Symptomatic crown and root pieces (0.5 cm) were subjected to surface sterilization: immersed in 1% NaClO for 2 min, rinsed in sterile distilled water, and air-dried in a laminar flow cabinet. Then, plant tissues were placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with streptomycin and incubated in a lab bench at room temperature for a week. Cottony and pink colonies were observed growing from the tissues. Two single strains (F175 and F176) were obtained from each tree by excising single spores (Gordon and Okamoto 1991). Isolates produced sparse aerial mycelia with white to pinkish-orange pigmentation on Spezieller Nährstoffarmer Agar (SNA). Both isolates produced microconidia in false heads on short monophialides. Microconidia were hyaline and measured in the range of 5.0-17.5 × 2.5-3.8 µm for both isolates (n = 50). Macroconidia were less abundant, falciform, and hyaline. Morphological characteristics were consistent with identification as Fusarium spp. (Leslie and Summerell 2006). A portion of the translation elongation factor-1 alpha (EF-1α) gene was sequenced using EF1/2 primers (O'Donnell et al. 1998) (GenBank Accession Nos. OR733348 and OR733349). Based on a comparison of 619 base pairs (bp), both isolates exhibited different sequences, with a 99.5% similarity (616/619 bp). A comparison with previously described isolates revealed a 100% match with published F. oxysporum sequences in the GenBank database (KT323846 and MZ404079, respectively). Isolates were used to conduct pathogenicity tests on 1-year-old plants cv. Adara growing in 512 cm3 pots. Using a scalpel, a 6-7 mm-length wound (2-3 mm deep) was made 5 cm above the soil line in all plants. For each isolate, 5 plants were inoculated by placing a 5 mm plug containing 10-day-old mycelia grown in AMAP medium (Borrero et al. 2009) at the incision point. Non-colonized AMAP plugs were used to inoculate 5 control plants. The inoculated sites were sealed with parafilm. Plants were randomly placed in a growth chamber with a temperature of 28/24ºC and a 12-hour photoperiod. A reddish-brown vascular stem discoloration was noticed in all the inoculated plants 73 days after inoculation. On average, the length of the necrotic area was 12.73 cm for F175, 20.12 cm for F176, and 4.59 cm for the control plants. Fusarium oxysporum was successfully re-isolated from all the inoculated plants. Recovered isolates were confirmed to be the same as the inoculated ones by sequencing the EF-1α gene. A one-way ANOVA indicates that plants cv. Adara were susceptible to both F. oxysporum isolates (P < 0.05). This is particularly noteworthy as cherries are predominantly planted on rootstocks and cv. Adara is a widely used rootstock in Spain. While F. oxysporum has been reported as the cause of root and crown rot in sweet cherry (P. avium L.) in British Columbia (Úrbez-Torres et al. 2016), this is the first report of F. oxysporum causing root and crown rot in cherry rootstocks (P. cerasifera L.) in Spain.
40
Galvez, Eduardo, Ximena A. Besoain, Aldo Salinas, Bastian Fuentes, Ingrid Nicole Vasconez e Miryam Valenzuela. "Occurrence of Pseudomonas cichorii causing midrib rot of lettuce under hydroponic cultivation in Chile". Plant Disease, 3 de novembro de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-23-1870-pdn.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
In Chile, lettuce is the vegetable that has increased in cultivated area the most in recent years, reaching 8,309 ha. The Coquimbo Region contributes the most to this growth in production with 3,284 ha in 2022 (ODEPA 2023). Most lettuce is grown under open field conditions, but there is significant production in greenhouses and an increase in hydroponic production systems (INIA 2017). During April to June 2021 and 2022 in the Coquimbo Region, butterhead-type lettuce seedlings (Lactuca sativa) cv. Neil, cultivated under a hydroponic system, showed severe brown to black lesions in the leaves and midrib (Figure S1). To determine the etiology of this problem, samples of diseased plants were taken. Pieces of symptomatic tissue were macerated, and the extract was spread on nutrient agar (NA) and on King's B medium (KB) and incubated at 23°C for 48 h. The bacterial colonies observed were predominantly circular, creamy-white in color with irregular margins and fluorescent in KB medium. Isolates were gram-negative strictly aerobic. LOPAT test (Lelliot et al. 1966) results of two selected isolates were: levan production (-), oxidase reaction (+), potato soft rot (-), arginine dihydrolase production (-), and tobacco hypersensitivity (+), which corresponds to the profile of Pseudomonas cichorii. Molecular identification was performed through amplification and sequencing of the 16S rRNA (GenBank Accessions No. OR540674 to OR540675), gyrB and rpoD genes (Hwang et al. 2005; Sarkar and Guttmann 2004) (GenBank Accessions No. OR558279 to OR558282). BLAST analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of the isolates resulted in a match with a 99.86% identity with P. cichorii type strain ATCC 10857 (NR_112070.1). BLAST analysis of gyrB and rpoD resulted in a match with a 100% (630/630 bp) and >99% (546/550 bp) identity respectively, with strains of P. cichorii. Five six-month-old lettuce plants cv. Desert Storm were pricked in the midrib with a toothpick smeared with a fresh colony grown on KB medium. Seven days after inoculation, the plants showed dark brown, watery lesions, characteristic of damage caused by P. cichorii (Figure S1). Bacteria were isolated again from the inoculated plants and were identified as P. cichorii using LOPAT and molecular identification techniques. Midrib rot caused by P. cichorii was reported as an emerging disease of greenhouse-grown lettuce by Cottyn et al. (2009). In Chile, P. cichorii was previously described affecting nectarine fruits (Pinto de Torres and Carreño Ibañez 1983) and reported as a pathogen of lettuce among others horticultural crops by Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero of the Government of Chile (Acuña 2008), but this is the first report of P. cichorii affecting hydroponic lettuce plants in Chile. These results will be the basis of future studies to evaluate the origin of the infection, the potential dissemination, and the implementation of disease management to avoid the damage caused by this bacterium in hydroponic systems in this crop of growing importance in Chile.
41
Reyes, Anyi Melisa, Zane Cole Smith, Aaron J. Onufrak, Grace Pietsch, Meher Ony, Michelle Odoi, Sima Khodaei et al. "First report of Bot Canker (Diplodia corticola) in Pin Oak (Quercus palustris) in Tennessee". Plant Disease, 8 de agosto de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-02-23-0308-pdn.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Diplodia corticola is a fungal pathogen contributing to oak (Quercus spp.) decline in the Mediterranean and US (Félix et al., 2017; Ferreira et al., 2021). In 2021, this pathogen was detected in Tennessee (TN) causing branch dieback in Q. alba (Onufrak et al., 2022). In September 2021, a matured pin oak (Q. palustris) with wilted leaves and elongated branch cankers was observed in the State Botanical Garden of Tennessee-Knoxville (TN, US). Small sections of the phloem were sampled from canker margins of a symptomatic branch using a sterile scalpel, surface sterilized, and plated onto potato dextrose agar amended with antibiotics (PDA++) (Gazis et al. 2018). Three days later, a fungal isolate resembling D. corticola was cultured on ½ PDA. Diplodia corticola is characterized on half-strength PDA by fast growth, irregular margins, and dense white mycelium that turns dark, grayish as the mycelium matures (Úrbez-Torres et al., 2010; Alves et al., 2004). Total genomic DNA was extracted from this isolate following Gazis et al. (2018), and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), large ribosomal subunit (LSU), and transcription elongation factor 1-α (ef1-α) were amplified (Ferreira et al. 2021). Resulting PCR products were sequenced and assembled into consensus sequences using Unipro UGENE v. 44.0 (Okonechnikov et al., 2012). Each consensus sequence identity was determined using BLAST on the NCBI nucleotide database, restricted to type material. The ITS (accession OQ189888), ef-1α (accession OQ201608), and LSU (accession OQ189887) sequences had a 99.6% (accession KF766156.1), 98.6% (accession XM_020275852.1), and 100% (accession KF766323.1) identity match with D. corticola type culture CBS112549, respectively. To complete Koch’s postulates and assess potential pathogenicity on economically and ecologically relevant oaks, 10 pin (Q. palustris; caliper 15.6 ± 2.0 mm), 10 overcup (Q. lyrata; caliper 15.1 ± 2.4 mm), and 10 sawtooth (Q. acutissima; 16.1 ± 2.1 mm) oaks were acclimated in the greenhouse for 1 week prior to the experiment. Five trees of each species were then randomly inoculated at 30 cm above the soil line with a 3 mm diameter plug of D. corticola (grown for 10 days on PDA; Sitz et al. 2017). To serve as a control, the remaining 5 trees for each species received a 3 mm diameter PDA plug. Fifteen days post-inoculation, seepage was observed in D. corticola-inoculated pin (5/5 trees), overcup (4/5 trees), and sawtooth (4/5 trees) oaks. No seepage from wound sites was noted in control trees. Cankers were exposed, photographed, and then measured using ImageJ (Rasband, 2012). Using a sterile scalpel, four wood chips were excised from canker margins and plated onto PDA++. We recovered D. corticola from symptomatic inoculated pin (5/5 trees), overcup (4/5 trees), and sawtooth (4/5 trees) oaks and confirmed species identity by extracting DNA and amplifying the ITS, ef-1α, and LSU regions as described above (Gazis et al., 2018; Ferreira et al., 2021). The resulting consensus sequences matched the D. corticola type culture (CBS112549) ITS (99.0%-99.8% identity), ef-1α (91.0%-99.1% identity), and LSU (96.9%-100% identity) barcoding regions. Cankers were significantly larger in D. corticola-inoculated pin (4.7 ± 1.5 cm2; P = 0.003), overcup (6.8 ± 2.9 cm2; P = 0.009), and sawtooth (5.1 ± 1.3 cm2; P = 0.001) oaks in comparison to the control trees from these groups. Based on current reports, this is the first record of D. corticola causing dieback in pin oak (Q. palustris) in TN.
42
Heo, Yunjeong, Jungyeon Kim, Seung-Beom Hong, Chung Ryul Jung e Yongho Jeon. "First Report of Cladosporium cladosporioides Causing Leaf Spot of Aralia cordata var. continentalis in Korea". Plant Disease, 9 de junho de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-02-23-0251-pdn.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Aralia cordata var. continentalis (Kitag), commonly known as Japanese spikenard, is an upright herbaceous perennial medicinal plant effective in relieving pain. It is also consumed as a leafy vegetable. Leaf spots and blight symptoms on A. cordata resulting in defoliation were observed in July 2021 from a research field with a disease incidence of nearly 40–50% from 80 plants in Yeongju, Korea. Brown spots with chlorotic halos first appear on the upper leaf surface (Fig. 1A). In the later stage, spots enlarge and coalesce; resulting in the leaves to dry-off (Fig. 1B). To isolate the causal agent, small pieces of diseased leaves displaying the lesion were surface-sterilized by 70% ethanol for 30 s and rinsed twice with sterile distilled water (SDW). Later, the tissues were crushed in a sterile 2.0-ml Eppendorf tube with a rubber pestle in SDW. The suspension was serially diluted and spread on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium, incubated at 25°C for 3 days. A total of 3 isolates were obtained from the infected leaves. Pure cultures were obtained by the monosporic culture technique (Choi et al. 1999). After 2 to 3 days of incubation with a 12-h photoperiod, the fungus initially produced gray mold colonies in olive color, and the edges of the mold appeared white with a velvety texture after 20 days (Fig. 1C). Microscopic observations revealed small, single-celled, rounded, and pointed conidia that measured 6.67 ± 0.23 µm × 4.18 ± 0.12 µm (length × width) (n=40 spores) (Fig. 1D). On the basis of its morphology, the causal organism was identified as Cladosporium cladosporioides (Torres et al. 2017). For molecular identification, pure colonies of three single-spore isolates were used for DNA extraction. A fragment of the ITS, ACT, and TEF1-α were amplified using the primers ITS1/ITS4 (Zarrin et al. 2016), ACT-512F/ACT-783R, and EF1-728F/EF1-986R, respectively, by PCR (Carbone et al. 1999). The DNA sequences from all three isolates (GYUN-10727, GYUN-10776, and GYUN-10777) were identical. The resulting ITS (ON005144), ACT (ON014518), and TEF1-α (OQ286396) sequences from the representative isolate GYUN-10727 were 99 to 100% identical to the C. cladosporioides (ITS: KX664404, MF077224; ACT: HM148509; TEF1-α: HM148268, HM148266). The phylogenetic dendrogram was constructed from the comparative analysis of ITS, ACT, and TEF1-α gene sequences, showing the relationship between Cladosporium cladosporioides and related Cladosporium species (Fig. 2). The isolate GYUN-10727 has been deposited in Korean Agricultural Culture Collection (KACC 410009), and used as a representative strain in this study. For the pathogenicity test, healthy fresh leaves (3 leaves per plant) of 3-months-old A. cordata plants in pots were spray inoculated with conidial suspensions (1 × 10⁴ conidia/mL) of GYUN-10727, which was obtained from a 7-day-old PDA culture. Leaves sprayed with SDW were considered as control. After 15 days of incubation at 25°C ± 5°C under greenhouse conditions, necrotic lesions were observed on the inoculated A. cordata leaves, while control leaves did not develop any disease symptoms. The experiment was performed twice with three replicates (pots) per treatment. The pathogen was re-isolated from the symptomatic A. cordata leaves, but not from control plants, to fulfill Koch’s postulates. The re-isolated pathogen was identified by PCR. Cladosporium cladosporioides has been reported to cause diseases in sweet pepper (Krasnow et al. 2022) and garden peas (Gubler et al. 1999). To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. cladosporioides causing leaf spots of A. cordata in Korea. The identification of this pathogen will help develop strategies to efficiently control the disease in A. cordata.
43
Zheng, Xingyue, Jianxin Chen, Chengyu Huang, Donghua Zhang, Li Liu, Huancheng Ma, Fang Wang e Jianrong Wu. "First report of Dactylonectria pauciseptata causing root rot on Eucalyptus cinerea in China". Plant Disease, 19 de fevereiro de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-23-1974-pdn.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Eucalyptus cinerea is an evergreen tree in the Myrtaceae. It is native to southern and eastern New South Wales and northern and eastern Victoria, Australia. It was introduced into China in the 1980s (Silva et al. 2011). Because of its unique shape, flexible stems, and rapid growth characteristics, it is widely used in the pulp industry and in decorative materials such as flower bouquets. In July 2022, 5- to 10-year-old E. cinerea showing symptoms of dehydration, withering and yellowing leaves, were found in forests and nurseries in Kunming and Songming, China. More than 37% of the trees showed these symptoms at each location, and disease severity was about 30%. Sixty symptomatic plants were collected from five tree nurseries. Diseased roots with 2-cm-long lesions were soaked in 75% ethanol for 15 s, 0.1% mercuric chloride for 2 min, rinsed with sterilized water, and placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 25℃ for 3 days. Thirty samples were plated, and 21 isolates (YJLGF01 to YJLGF21) obtained, 11 strains with similar colony morphology (including representative strains YJLGF03 to YJLGF05). Three isolates (YJLGF03 to YJLGF05) were obtained by single-spore purification. On PDA, the colonies were circular with fluffy white to light yellow mycelium; the underside was yellowish brown. Conidiophores were bifurcated, with macroconidia borne terminally. The macroconidia were cylindrical with rounded, blunt ends, yellow to transparent, 1 to 3 septate (22.5 to 47.6 × 4.5 to 7.1 µm); microconidia were 0 to 1 septate (12.5 to 19.6 × 4.7 to 6.4 µm). Chlamydospores were spherical, rosary-like, and light yellow. Morphological characteristics were consistent with published descriptions of Dactylonectria pauciseptata (Piperkova et al. 2017). For molecular identification, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), translation elongation factor 1- alpha (ef1-α) gene, and the beta-tubulin 2 (β-tub2) gene were amplified and sequenced (ITS accessions OR735053, OR735054, OR735055; β-tub2 accessios OR757447, OR757448, OR757449; ef1-α accessions OR757450, OR757451, OR757451) using published primers (White et al. 1990; Carbone et al. 1999). A phylogenetic tree was developed by Maximum Parsimony (MP) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) methods. These three isolates fell into the D. pauciseptata clade and were distinguished clearly from other species. Pathogenicity tests were performed using the same three isolates. Each isolate was cultured on PDA, and then subcultured in V8 juice broth on an orbital shaker at 180 RPM for 5 days. Conidia were collected by centrifugation at 6,000 RPM for 5 min, and then resuspended in sterilized distilled water (1×106 conidia/ml). Injured roots of one-year-old E. cinerea were soaked in the spore suspension for 1 h before being transplanted in sterile vermiculite. The plants were incubated at 25℃ with a 12 h photoperiod and 90% humidity. Five plants were inoculated as a group for each treatment and the entire experiment was completed three times. Among the inoculated plants, the incidence of disease development was 100%. A small sot appeared after 4 days, with a water-soaked lesion appearing and gradually expanding during days 5 to 7. After 10 days symptoms of root necrosis were similar to the those observed in the nursery, and aboveground plant parts had yellow, withering leaves and defoliation after 10 to 15 days. Control plants treated with sterile water showed no disease symptoms. The three strains were successfully reisolated from inoculated seedlings and confirmed them using DNA sequencing. No isolates were obtained from the control plants, thus fulfilling Koch’s postulates. Dactylonectria pauciseptata was first reported from necrotic tissue of infected grape roots (Schroers et al. 2008). So far, it has been reported in Turkey, Canada, Brazil, Italy, and other countries (Erper et al. 2013; Úrbez-Torres et al. 2014; Santos et al. 2014). Based on our results, E. cinerea is a new host plant of D. pauciseptata in China. This disease is a threat to the nursery production of E. cinerea, potentially leading to a reduction in yields and economic losses.
44
Xu, Rui, Si Qing Song, Jia Min Zhou, Si Xiang Zheng, Yue Chen, Gui Chun Wu, Di Guan et al. "First report of Fusarium fujikuroi causes leaf spot in Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce in China". Plant Disease, 28 de novembro de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-22-2137-pdn.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce, a member of Liliaceae, is one of the traditional Chinese herbal plants mainly used in Jilin, Hubei, Guangxi, Zhejiang, Liaoning, Hunan and Guangdong provinces. Leaf spot disease of P. odoratum was continuously observed in the Planting Demonstration Garden in Changsha (28 °48 N; 113° 34E), Hunan Province of China, in May 2021 and May 2022. The symptoms initially appeared as tiny reddish-brown spots and continued to expand, resulting in round, oval, or irregular tan lesions with necrotic, film-shaped, or perforated central tissues. Leaf spot disease affects approximately 60–70% of plants. For pathogen isolation, symptomatic leaf samples were collected and disinfected with 70% ethanol for 30 s and 3% sodium hypochlorite for 2 min, followed by rinsing with sterile distilled water. Subsequently, small pieces (3 × 3 mm) of diseased tissues were placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated in the dark at 25 °C for 24 h to 36 h. The emerging fungal hyphal tips were transferred to PDA and purified by the single-spore method (Yu, et al., 202). In total, 50 disease spots were isolated, and 10 cultures with the same appearance were obtained. Two strains coded as hnxryzy and hnxryzy01 were randomly selected for identification. After 6 days of culture in PDA, dense pink colonies were observed with a mean radial growth rate of 7.5 mm/day. Strains cultured 6 days on synthetic low nutrient medium, microconidia were oval or ovate (7.5–9.67 µm × 2.49–3.57 µm(n = 50)), and macroconidia were sickle-shaped and slightly curved, gradually tapering at both ends, with 2–5 pseudoseptate (10.01–22.14 µm × 2.07–4.22 µm (n = 50)). These morphological characteristics were consistent with the description of Fusarium fujikuroi (Fang, et al., 2021). Furthermore, primers ITS1/ITS4, EF728F/EF986R, Bt2a/Bt2b, RPB1-F5/RPB1-R8 and fRPB2-5F2/fRPB2-7cR (Li, et al., 2013, Xie, et al., 2022) were used to amplify the partial region of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) , the translation elongation factor EF-1α,β-tubulin,polymerase II largest subunit (RPB1) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) genes from strains hnxryzy and hnxryzy01, respectively. Amplicons were sequenced by Tsingke Biotechnology Co., Ltd. The expected sequences of ITS, EF-1α, β-tubulin, RPB1 and RPB2 of hnxryzy and hnxryzy01 were obtained. The sequence alignment of hnxryzj and hnxryzj01 with the Fusarium ID databased and NCBI shows the following results: The sequences of ITS region, EF-1α, β-tubulin , RPB1 and RPB2 of strain hnxryzy (GenBank accession nos. ON797440, ON820553, ON820554, OP413443, and OP413445, respectively) and strain hnxryzy01 (GenBank accession nos. ON965284, ON968721, ON968722, OP413444, and OP413446, respectively) were 99% to 100% identical to those of F. fujikuroi (GenBank accession numbers CP023090, KC874784, MN490089, MN193916, and MN193888, respectively). Then a phylogenetic tree based on EF-1α, RPB1, and RPB2 sequences was constructed (Torres-Cruz, et al., 2022). The strains hnxryzy and hnxryzy01 were more closely related to F. fujikuroi ( NRRL13566 GenBank accession nos. AF160279, JX171456, and JX171570, respectively), with bootstrap values of 99%. Two sets (5 plants in each set) of potted plants were used in pathogenicity assays. Wounded leaves were sprayed with conidial suspensions (100 µL, 1 × 107 spores/mL) and sterile water as control. Inoculated plants were covered with plastic bags for 24 h, and maintained at 25 ° C in 12/12 h light/dark conditions in the greenhouse (Yu, et al., 2022). Pathogenicity assays were repeated thrice. Dark brown spots identical to those seen in the field were observed 14 days after inoculation, while the control leaves did not exhibit any symptoms. In this study, the pathogen F. fujikuroi was successfully reisolated from the leaves of inoculated samples showing symptoms, thereby verifying Koch's postulate. To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. fujikuroi inducing leaf spot on P. odoratum in China. Since F. fujikuroi is a common pathogenic fungus that infects different plant species(Qiu, et al., 2020), more attention should be paid to its prevalence in P. odoratum and the potential risk of outbreak in other provinces of China.
45
Xu, Rui, Si Qing Song, Juan Xu, Jiamin Zhou, Si Xiang Zheng, Jin Xie, XiaoJiang Wang, SiWen Peng, Xiao Qi Zhu e Rong Song. "First report of Fusarium oxysporum causing stem spots on Polygonatum odoratum in China". Plant Disease, 9 de novembro de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-08-22-1924-pdn.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce is a perennial herb in the Liliaceae family and it is one of the traditional Chinese medicinal plants. Modern pharmaceutical studies demonstrate that P. odoratum contains polysaccharides, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, volatile oil, and other active components (Jiang-Nan, et al., 2018). From May to June 2022, the stem spot disease was discovered on P. odoratum in the planting demonstration garden in Changsha (28°20N; 113°07E), Hunan province of China. The disease seriously retarded plant growth and was estimated to have affected approximately 40-50% of the plants, significant economic losses to growers. Plants had oval tan spots on the stems, which were light in the center and dark at the margin. The spots in the back expanded and joined together, where the disease was severe, and chlorosis was near the stem spot, while many leaves turned completely yellow and withered before falling to the ground. Finally, the whole plant faded to light green and dried up. In order to isolate pathogens, symptomatic stem samples (5×5 mm) were collected from the edges of the lesions and excised symptomatic tissues consisting of diseased and healthy parts were surface-sterilized with 2% solution of sodium hypochlorite (0.1% active ingredient of chlorine) for 1 min and 75% ethanol for 30 s. The samples were then washed thrice with sterile distilled water, air-dried on the sterile filter papers under aseptic conditions, and finally plated onto Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) plates, which were incubated at 25 °C for 24 h to 36 h in the dark. Additionally, the emerging fungal hyphal tips were transferred to PDA and purified by the single-spore method. Next, forty plants with stem spots were isolated, and 8 cultures with the same appearance were obtained. Two strains coded hnxryzj and hnxryzj1 were randomly selected, for identification. With a mean radial growth rate of 7.5 mm/day, white and dense colonies were observed after 6 days of culture on PDA. After hnxryzj was cultured on SNA, microconidia were oval or ovate (9.25-14.8µm × 2.18-3.76µm), macroconidia were sickle-shaped and slightly curved, with 2-5 septa (21.52-23.49µm × 2.64-4.51µm (n = 50)). These morphological characteristics were consistent with the description of Fusarium oxysporum (Mirghasempour, et al., 2022) Furthermore, we amplified the partial region of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the translation elongation factors EF-1α, β-tubulin, polymerase II largest subunit (RPB1) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) genes from strain hnxryzj and hnxryzj1, based on the primer pairs ITS1/ITS4, EF728F/EF986R, Bt2a/Bt2b, RPB1-F5/RPB1-R8 and fRPB2-5F2/fRPB2-7cR (Li, et al., 2013, Xie, et al., 2022), and amplicons were sequenced by Tsingke Biotechnology Co. Ltd. By sequence alignment, the ITS, EF-1α, β-tubulin , RPB1 and RPB2 of hnxryzj and hnxryzj1 were identical, respectively. The sequence alignment of hnxryzj and hnxryzj1 with the Fusarium ID database and NCBI shows the following results: the ITS region, EF-1α, RPB1 and RPB2 sequences of the strain hnxryzj (GenBank accession nos. ON872218, ON897740, OP467556 and OP467557) and hnxryzj1 (GenBank accession nos. OP071248, OP087208, OP467558 and OP467559) were 100% identical to those of F. oxysporum (GenBank accession nos. MZ890536, LC469784 , MT179509 and MW368380, respectively); whereas the β-tubulin sequences of the strain hnxryzj (GenBank accession nos. ON897741) and hnxryzj1 (GenBank accession nos. OP087207) were 96.9% identical to those of F.oxysporum (CBS144135 GenBank accession nos. MH485136). Subsequently, a phylogenetic tree was established combining EF-1α, RPB1, and RPB2. Strains hnxryzj and hnxryzj1 were F.oxysporum (JW257006 GenBank accession nos. MZ921883, MZ921657 and MZ921752)(Torres-Cruz, et al., 2022), with bootstrap values 100%. The pathogenicity test was carried out by placing mycelial discs obtained from colonies that had been actively growing on PDA for 6 days. In the pathogenicity test, two sets (5 plants in each set) of potted plants, whose stems were wounded, were taken. In one set (5 plants), the PDA cakes with F. oxysporum (d=5mm, the same below) were inoculated on the stems scratched by an inoculation needle (sterilized) (the front of the colony was close to the wound of the stem). In the other set (5 plants), potted plants inoculated with the sterile PDA cakes were served as controls. In a 25 °C greenhouse, each treatment was given a 12h/12h light/dark cycl(Nabi, et al., 2019). The symptoms were observed, and the fungus cake was removed 5 days after inoculation. Then, after 18 days, typical symptoms of oval tan spots similar to original diseased plants in the field were found on the inoculated stems, and 32 days later, the inoculated plant died, while the control stems remained asymptomatic. In addition, F. oxysporum was isolated and identified from the inoculated, symptomatic stems, verifying Koch's postulates. Based on our knowledge, this is the first report of F. oxysporum causing stem spots on P. odoratum in China. Only one other study from China that root rot of Phyllostachys officinalis also resulted from F. oxysporum (Pang, et al., 2022). Furthermore, P. odoratum is an medicinal material in Hunan province. Therefore, comprehensive prevention and control methods are required.
46
Lopes, Gabriela de Sousa, Vilson Almeida Sousa, Jesuino Silva Costa Martins, Elson Silva Sousa e Reinaldo Lucas Cajaiba. "Nível de conhecimento e medidas de prevenção de moradores sobre a Leishmaniose Visceral em área endêmica no Maranhão, Brasil". ARCHIVES OF HEALTH INVESTIGATION 8, n.º 6 (13 de setembro de 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.21270/archi.v8i6.3239.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Introdução: A Leishmaniose Visceral é uma enfermidade com ampla distribuição pelo Brasil e pode afetar tanto animais como humanos. As diversas ações antrópicas vêm contribuindo para sua disseminação, o que configura a temática como sendo de grande relevância para a saúde pública. Objetivos: O presente estudo foi desenvolvido em uma área endêmica no estado do Maranhão com o objetivo de avaliar o nível de conhecimento da população entrevistada sobre a Leishmaniose Visceral e conhecer quais são as medidas profiláticas adotadas. Material e Método: Foram aplicados questionários a 106 moradores da área urbana com idade variando entre 18 a 76 anos. Resultados: Os resultados demonstraram que o nível de conhecimento da população sobre essa zoonose é precário, pois a maioria desconhece os sintomas e formas de transmissão da doença. Conclusão: Fica evidente a necessidade do desenvolvimento de ações públicas educativas para prevenção e controle da leishmaniose, tal como a divulgação de informações por meio de palestras, por exemplo, para reduzir os índices de notificação no município e elevar o conhecimento da população.Descritores: Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde; Prevenção de Doenças; Leishmaniose Visceral.ReferênciasCortes S, Vaz Y, Neves R, Maia C, Cardoso L, Campino L. Risk factors for canine leishmaniasis in an endemic Mediterranean region. Vet Parasitol. 2012;189(2-4):189-96.Brito JA, Santos RA, Mendonça BC, Ribeiro RR. Avaliação do conhecimento sobre a leishmaniose visceral antes e depois de intervenção educacional em proprietários de cães da cidade de Cruz das Almas, Recôncavo da Bahia. Rev Ciênc Ext. 2015;11(2):104-14.Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Departamento de Vigilância Epidemiológica. Manual de recomendações para diagnóstico, tratamento e acompanhamento de pacientes com co-infecção Leishmania-HIV. Brasília: Editora do Ministério da Saúde, 2011.Brasil. Guia de orientação para vigilância de leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC). Santa Catarina. 2015.Silva FS. Patologia e patogênese da leishmaniose visceral canina. R Trop Ci Agr Biol. 2007;1(1):20-31.Bossler RS. Leishmaniose Visceral canina [monografia]. Porto Alegre: Faculdade de Veterinária – UFRS; 2012.Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Manual de vigilância da leishmaniose tegumentar. Brasília, 2010.Santos LP, Nogueira MJ, Rezende CN, Ferreira RA. Doenças negligenciadas no município de Sabará: casos, portadores e percepções. Arq Cienc Saúde Unipar. 2017;21(3):155-62.Marcondes M, Rossi CN. Leishmaniose visceral no Brasil. Braz J Vet Res Anim Sci. 2013;50(5):341-52.Zuben APB, Donalisio MR. Dificuldades na execução das diretrizes do Programa de Vigilância e Controle da Leishmaniose Visceral em grandes municípios brasileiros. Cad Saúde Pública. 2016;32(6):e00087415.Caldas AJM, Lisbôa LLC, Silva PF, Coutinha NPS, Silva TC. Perfil das crianças com leishmaniose visceral que evoluíram para óbito, falha terapêutica e recidiva em hospital de São Luís, Maranhão. Rev Pesq Saúde. 2013;14(2):91-5.Anversa L, Montanholi RJD Sabino DL. Avaliação do conhecimento da população sobre leishmaniose visceral. Rev Inst Adolfo Lutz. São Paulo, 2016;75:1-8.Borges BKA, Silva JA, Haddad JPA, Moreira EC, Magalhães DF, Ribeiro LML et al. Avaliação do nível de conhecimento e de atitudes preventivas da população sobre a leishmaniose visceral em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Cad Saúde Pública. 2008;24(4):777-84.IBGE. Censo Demográfico 2010, Área territorial brasileira. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE, 2017. Disponível em: https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/brasil/ma/ buriticupu. Acesso em: 16 de fevereiro de 2018.Lima JS, Cajaíba RL, Martins JSC, Pereira KS, Sousa ES. Composição gravimétrica de resíduos sólidos em escolas públicas e privadas no município de Buriticupu, MA. Scientia Amazonia. 2017;6(3):11-6.Moreira RCR, Rebêlo JMM, Gama MEA, Costa JML. Nível de conhecimento sobre leishmaniose tegumentar americana (LTA) e uso de terapias alternativas por populações de uma área endêmica da Amazônia do Maranhão, Brasil. Cad Saúd Pública. 2002;18(1):187-95.Cavalcante IJM, Vale MR. Aspectos epidemiológicos da leishmaniose visceral (calazar) no Ceará no período de 2007 a 2011. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2014;17(4):911-24.Jayme MS, Wanderlei CL, Moura FFM, Castro JGD. Perfil epidemiológico dos casos de leishmaniose visceral em Palmas, Tocantins no período de 2007 – 2014. Rev Pat Tocantins. 2016;3(1):61-9.Santos GM, Barreto MTS, Monteiro MJSD, Silva RVS, Jesus RLR, Silva HJN. Aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos da leishmaniose visceral no estado do Piauí. Brasil. Rev Cien Desenvolv. 2017;10(2):142-53.Lima AM, Alves LC, Faustino MA, Lira NMS. Percepção sobre o conhecimento e profilaxia das zoonoses e posse responsável em pais de alunos do pré-escolar de escolas situadas na comunidade localizada no bairro de Dois Irmãos na cidade do Recife (PE). Ciênc saúde coletiva. 2010;15(Supl 1):1457-64.Torres APC. Programa de orientação para controle de Leishmaniose Visceral canina [tese]. Jaboticabal: Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinária – UNESP; 2017.Souza VMMD, Hoffmann JL, Freitas MM, Brant JL, Araújo WN. Avaliação do conhecimento, atitudes e práticas sobre dengue no Município de Pedro Canário, Estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil, 2009: um perfil ainda atual. Rev Pan-Amaz Saúde. 2012;3(1):37-43.Castro JM, Rodrigues SM, Tarso S, Costa FL, Rodrigues ACCP, Vieira LDF et al. Conhecimento, Percepções de Indivíduos em Relação à Leishmaniose Visceral Humana Como Novas Ferramentas de Controle. Ensaios Cienc Cienc Biol Agrar Saúde. 2016;20(2):93-103.Genari ICC, Perri SHV, Pinheiro SR, Nunes CM. Atividades de educação em saúde sobre leishmaniose visceral para escolares. Vet e Zootec. 2012;19(1):99-107.Gama Neto JL, Paulo CS, Passos MAB. Nível de conhecimentos sobre leishmaniose tegumentar americana entre moradores da vila do Apiaú, município de Mucajaí, Roraima, Brasil. Ambiente: Gestão e Desenvolvimento. 2012;4(1):59-68.Sousa NA, Linhares CB, Pires FGB, Teixeira TC, Lima JS, Nascimento MLO. Perfil epidemiológico dos casos de leishmaniose visceral em Sobral-CE de 2011 a 2015. Sanare. 2018;17(1):51-7.Martins LM. Ecoepidemiologia da leishmaniose tegumentar no Município de Buriticupu, Amazônia do Maranhão, Brasil, 1996 a 1998. Cad Saúde Pública;2004;20(3):735-43.Silva AF, Latorre MRDO, Galati EAB. Fatores relacionados à ocorrência de leishmaniose tegumentar no Vale do Ribeira. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2010;43(1):46-51.Monteiro EM, Silva JCR, Costa RT, Costa DC, Barata RA, Paula EV et al. Leishmaniose visceral: estudo de flebotomíneos e infecção canina em Montes Claros, Minas Gerais. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2005;38(2):147-52.
47
Cruz, José Henrique Araújo, José Lucas Soares Ferreira, André Paulo Gomes Simões, Daniela Lima Cristino, Edivan Ilton Dantas da Costa, Elaine Roberta Leite de Souza, Iolanda Alves de Oliveira Dantas et al. "Malva Sylvestris, Vitis Vinífera e Punica Granatum: uma revisão sobre a contribuição para o tratamento de periodontite". ARCHIVES OF HEALTH INVESTIGATION 7, n.º 11 (11 de março de 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.21270/archi.v7i11.3039.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
As plantas medicinais têm demonstrado elevado poder de cura em estado natural, além disso, esse conhecimento tradicional sobre o uso das plantas e de suas propriedades terapêuticas no combate a doenças vêm sendo transmitida entre as gerações. A busca por novos produtos com maior atividade terapêutica, tem estimulado a realização de pesquisas com produtos naturais no meio odontológico para o tratamento de doença periodontal. Logo, objetivou-se apresentar uma revisão da literatura de espécies vegetais como Malva Sylvestris, Vitis Vinífera e Punica Granatum, comuns do cotidiano no tratamento da periodontite. A periodontite é uma doença inflamatória crônica decorrente da resposta imunológica do hospedeiro à presença de fatores microbianos, causando dano tecidual, resultando em formação de bolsas periodontais, reabsorção do osso alveolar, e perda de tecidos de sustentação. O estudo trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica do tipo narrativa e foi realizada uma seleção de artigos científicos recuperados a partir das bases de dados: BVS Brasil (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde), Scielo (Scientific Eletronic Library Online), Pubmed (National Center for Biotechnology Information) e Portal Periódico Capes no período de 05 a 28 de Fevereiro de 2018. Conclui-se que a Malva, Uva e Romã possuem ação terapêutica e estão entre os fitoterápicos com grande influência na cavidade bucal, que funcionam como auxiliares no tratamento de afecções orais sendo alternativas de fácil acesso, já que a atuação profissional frente à ação farmacológica dos vários medicamentos fitoterápicos e contraindicações tem sido importante nos últimos anos.Descritores: Fitoterapia; Plantas Medicinais; Periodontite.ReferênciasPasa M, Soares J, Guarim G. Estudo etnobotânico na comunidade de Conceição-Açu (alto da bacia do rio Aricá Açu, MT, Brasil). Acta bot bras. 2005;19(2):195-207.Agra MF, Silva KN, Basílio IJLD, Freitas PF, Barbosa-Filho JM. Survey of medicinal plants used in the region Northeast of Brazil. Rev bras farmacogn. 2008;18(3):472-508.Jesus NZT, Lima JCS, Silva RM, Espinosa MM, Martins DTO. Levantamento etnobotânico de plantas popularmente utilizadas como antiúlceras e antiinflamatórias pela comunidade de Pirizal, Nossa Senhora do Livramento-MT, Brasil. Rev bras farmacogn. 2009;19(1a):130-39.Amaral JF do. Atividade antiinflamatória, antinociceptiva e gastroprotetora do óleo essencial de Croton sonderianus Muell. Arg [dissertação]. Fortaleza: Universidade Federal do Ceará. Faculdade de Medicina; 2004.Rosa C, Câmara SG, Béria JU. Representações e intenção de uso da fitoterapia na atenção básica à saúde. Ciênc saúde coletiva. 2011;16(1):311-18.Calixto JB. Biodiversidade como fonte de medicamentos. Cienc Cult. 2003;55(3):37-9.Dewick P. Medicinal Natural Products: A Biosynthetic Approach, 3.ed. Chichester: Wiley; 2009.Middleton E, Kandaswami C, Theoharides TC. The effects of plant flavonoids on mammalian cells: Implications for inflammation, heart disease, and cancer. Pharmacol Rev. 2000;52(4):673-751.Simões CMO, Schenkel EP, Gosmann G, Mello JCP, Mentz LA, Petrovick PR(Orgs). Farmacognosia: da planta ao medicamento. 6.ed. Porto Alegre: Editora da UFRGS: Florianópolis: Editora da UFSC, 2010.Coutinho MAS, Muzitano MF, Costa SS. Flavonoids: Potential therapeutic agents for the inflammatory process. Rev Virtual Quim. 2009;1(3):241-56.Agra MF, Freitas PF, Barbosa-Filho JM. Synopsis of the plants known as medicinal and poisonous in Northeast of Brazil. Rev bras farmacogn. 2007;17(1):114-40.Lima V, Bezerra MM, Leitão RFC, Brito GAC, Rocha FAC, Ribeiro RA. Principais mediadores inflamatórios envolvidos na fisiopatologia da periodontite- papel de moduladores farmacológicos. R Periodontia. 2008;18(3):7-19.Madianos PN, Bobetsis YA, Kinane DF. Generation of inflammatory stimuli: how bacteria set up inflammatory responses in the gingiva. J Clin Periodontol. 2005;32(Suppl 6):57-71.Sorsa T, Tjäderhane L, Salo T. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in oral diseases. Oral Dis. 2004;10(6):311-18.Uğar-Çankal D, Ozmeric N. A multifaceted molecule, nitric oxide in oral and periodontal diseases. Clin Chim Acta. 2006;366(1-2):90-100.Kinane DF, Preshaw PM, Loos BG, Working Group 2 of Seventh European Workshop on Periodontology. Host-response: understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of host-microbial interactions - consensus of the Seventh European Workshop on Periodontology. J Clin Periodontol. 2011;38(Suppl 11):44-8.Meira ALT, Todescan SMC, Azoubel E, Bittencourt S, Azoubel MCF. Uso de antimicrobianos locais em periodontia: uma abordagem critica. R Periodontia. 2007;17(1):83-9.Filter M, Freitas EM de, Périco E. Influência de diferentes concentrações dos fitorreguladores ácido 6-benzilaminopurina e ácido naftalenoacético na propagação vegetativa de Malva sylvestris L. Rev bras plantas med. 2014;16(1):47-53.Ferro D. Fitoterapia: conceitos clínicos. São Paulo: Atheneu; 2006.Moreira MJS, Ferreira MBC, Hashizume LN. Avaliação In Vitro da Atividade Antimicrobiana dos Componentes de um Enxaguatório Bucal contendo Malva. Pesq Bras Odontoped Clin Integr. 2012;12(4):505-9.Ecker ACL, Martins IS, Kirsch L, Lima LO, Stefenon L, Mozzini CB. Efeitos benéficos e maléficos da Malva sylvestris. J Oral Invest. 2015;4(1):39-43.Ribeiro ASC, Pinto ATM, Silva DJ, Peixoto ITA. Atividade antimicrobiana de diferentes colutórios fitoterápicos. Ensaios Cienc, Cienc Biol Agrar Saúde. 2015;19(4):178-183.Torres CRG, Kubo CH, Anido AA, Rodrigues JR. Agentes antimicrobianos e seu potencial de uso na Odontologia. Pos-Grad Rev Fac Odontol São José dos Campos. 2000;3(2):43-52.Costa G. Efeito do extrato da casca de uva Vitis Vinífera (GSE) na pressão arterial, no perfil lipídico e glicídico e no estresse oxidativo em ratos espontaneamente hipertensos [mestrado]. Rio de Janeiro: Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Centro Biomédico; 2008.Ishimoto EY. Efeito hipolipemiante e antioxidante de subprodutos da uva em hamsters [dissertação]. São Paulo: Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Saúde Pública; 2008.Gris EF. Perfil fenólico e atividades antioxidante e hipolipemiante de vinhos de variedades Vitis vinifera cultivadas em São Joaquim-SC-Brasil [dissertação]. Florianópolis: Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias; 2010.Machado MM. Desenvolvimento de uma bebida nutracêutica a partir de resíduos da produção do suco de uva: avaliação de propriedades antioxidantes e fisio-bioquímicas [tese]. Santa Maria: Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; 2010.Rockenbach II, Silva GL, Rodrigues E, Gonzaga LV, Fett R. Atividade antioxidante de extratos de bagaço de uva das variedades Regente e Pinot Noir (Vitis vinifera). Rev Inst Adolfo Lutz. 2007;66(2):158-63.Bozan B, Tosun G, Özcan D. Study of polyphenol content in the seeds of red grape (Vitis vinifera L.) varieties cultivated in Turkey and their antiradical activity. Food Chem. 2008;109(2):426-30.Rockenbach II, Silva GL, Rodrigues E, Kuskoski EM, Fett R. Influência do solvente no conteúdo total de polifenóis, antocianinas e atividade antioxidante de extratos de bagaço de uva (Vitis vinifera) variedades Tannat e Ancelota. Ciênc Tecnol Aliment. 2008;28(Suppl):238-44.Rockenbach I, Gonzaga LV, Rizelio VM, Gonçalves AES, Genovese MI, Fett R. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of seed and skin extracts of red grape (Vitis vinifera and Vitis labrusca) pomace from Brazilian winemaking. Food Res Int. 2011;44(4):897-901.Santos L, Morais D, Souza N, Cottica S, Boroski M, Visentainer J. Phenolic compounds and fatty acids in different parts of Vitis labrusca and V. vinifera grapes. Food Res Int. 2011;44(5):1414-18. Lachman J, Hejtmánková A, Hejtmánková K, Horníčková Š, Pivec V, Skala O et al. Towards complex utilisation of winemaking residues: characterisation of grape seeds by total phenols, tocols and essential elements content as a by-product of winemaking. Ind Crop Prod. 2013;49:445-53.Ahmadi SM, Siahsar BA. Analogy of physicochemical attributes of two grape seeds cultivars. Cien Inv Agr. 2011; 38(2):291-301.Ribeiro MEM, Manfroi V. Vinho e Saúde: uma visão química. Rev Bras Vitic Etnol. 2018;2(2):91-103.Ribéreau-Gayon P, Glories Y, Maujean A, Dubourdieu D. Handbook of enology. 2.ed. Chichester: Wiley; 2006.Lorrain B, Ky I, Pechamat L, Teissedre P. Evolution of analysis of polyhenols from grapes, wines, and extracts. molecules. 2013;18(1):1076-100.Yoo Y, Saliba A, Prenzler P. Should Red Wine Be Considered a Functional Food?. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. 2010;9(5):530-51.Çetin A, Sagdiç O. A Concise review: antioxidant effects and bioactive constituents of grape. Erciyes Med J. 2009;31(4):369-75.Xia EQ, Deng GF, Guo YJ, Li HB. Biological activities of polyphenols from grapes. Int J Mol Sci. 2010;11(2):622-46Rayyan M, Terkawi T, Abdo H, Abdel Azim D, Khalaf A, AlKhouli Z et al. Efficacy of grape seed extract gel in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: A randomized clinical study. J Investig Clin Dent. 2018;9(2):e12318.Barreto VL, Feitosa AC, Araújo TJ, Chagas FK, Costa LK. Acción antimicrobiana in vitro de dentí- fricos conteniendo fitoterápicos. Av Odontoestomatol. 2005; 21(4):195-201.Lorenzi H, Souza H. Plantas ornamentais no Brasil. Nova Odessa: Instituto Plantarum de Estudos da Flora; 2004.Ferreira A, Ferreira M, Anjos M. Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa. Curitiba: Positivo; 2009.Vasconcelos LC, Sampaio FC, Sampaio MC, Pereira Mdo S, Higino JS, Peixoto MH. Minimum inhibitory concentration of adherence of Punica granatum Linn (pomegranate) gel against S. mutans, S. mitis and C. albicans. Braz Dent J. 2006;17(3):223-27.Menezes SM, Cordeiro LN, Viana GS. Punica granatum (pomegranate) extract is active against dental plaque. J Herb Pharmacother. 2006;6(1):79-92.Barbosa M. Avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana “in vitro” da Punica granatum Linn. frente à Enterococcus faecalis isolados clinicamente [monografia de conclusão do curso]. Universidade Federal da Paraíba; 2010.Catão RMR, Antunes RMP, Arruda TA, Pereira MSV, Higino JS, Alves JA et al. Atividade antimicrobiana "in vitro" do extrato etanólico de Punica granatum linn (romã) sobre isolados ambulatoriais de Staphylococcus aureus. Rev bras anal clin. 2006;38(1):111-14.Jardini FA, Mancini Filho J. Avaliação da atividade antioxidante em diferentes extratos da polpa e sementes da romã (Punica granatum, L.). Rev Bras Ciênc Farm. 2007;43(1):137-47.Sastravaha G, Gassmann G, Sangtherapitikul P, Grimm WD. Adjunctive periodontal treatment with Centella asiatica and Punica granatum extracts. A preliminary study. J Int Acad Periodontol. 2018;5(4):106-15.Bhadbhade SJ, Acharya AB, Rodrigues SV, Thakur SL. The antiplaque efficacy of pomegranate mouthrinse. Quintessence Int. 2011;42(1):29-36.Ahuja S, Dodwad V, Kukreja BJ, Mehra P, Kukreja P. A comparative evaluation of efficacy of Punica granatum and chlorhexidine on plaque and gingivitis. J Int Clin Dent Res Organ. 2011;3(1):29-32.