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Bibliografias temáticas / Timber decay

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Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Timber decay"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021

Última modificação: 21 de fevereiro de 2023

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Timber decay"

1

Singh, Jagjit, Peter Mann e Nia White. "Timber Decay: Causes and Remedies". Structural Engineering International 6, n.º 3 (agosto de 1996): 200–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/101686696780495464.

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2

Lothian, M. T. "Surveying for timber decay and damp". Structural Survey 8, n.º 4 (abril de 1990): 407–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eum0000000003232.

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Hutton, T. C., H. Lloyd e J. Singh. "The environmental control of timber decay". Structural Survey 10, n.º 1 (janeiro de 1992): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02630809210031672.

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4

Brischke, Christian, Gry Alfredsen, Miha Humar, Elena Conti, Laurie Cookson, Lukas Emmerich, Per Otto Flæte et al. "Modelling the Material Resistance of Wood—Part 3: Relative Resistance in above- and in-Ground Situations—Results of a Global Survey". Forests 12, n.º 5 (8 de maio de 2021): 590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12050590.

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Durability-based designs with timber require reliable information about the wood properties and how they affect its performance under variable exposure conditions. This study aimed at utilizing a material resistance model (Part 2 of this publication) based on a dose–response approach for predicting the relative decay rates in above-ground situations. Laboratory and field test data were, for the first time, surveyed globally and used to determine material-specific resistance dose values, which were correlated to decay rates. In addition, laboratory indicators were used to adapt the material resistance model to in-ground exposure. The relationship between decay rates in- and above-ground, the predictive power of laboratory indicators to predict such decay rates, and a method for implementing both in a service life prediction tool, were established based on 195 hardwoods, 29 softwoods, 19 modified timbers, and 41 preservative-treated timbers.

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Richard Avent, R. "Decay, Weathering and Epoxy Repair of Timber". Journal of Structural Engineering 111, n.º 2 (fevereiro de 1985): 328–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1985)111:2(328).

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Singh, Jagjit, e Nia White. "Timber Decay in Buildings: Pathology and Control". Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities 11, n.º 1 (fevereiro de 1997): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0887-3828(1997)11:1(3).

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7

Kumar, N. Praveen, e Arun Arya. "Timber Degrading Fungi in Sawmills of Gujarat, India". International Letters of Natural Sciences 7 (dezembro de 2013): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.7.13.

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Timer decay is caused by primarily enzymatic activities of microorganisms. For the first time fungal diversity of timber degrading fungi was studied in Gujarat, India. Timber Degrading Fungi belonging to Aphyllophorales are economically important as many of these cause serious damage in sawmills of Gujarat. To find out the association of the timber degrading fungi and timber decay problems in sawmills a survey was conducted during 2007 to 2011 in different sawmills of 5 districts of Gujarat i.e. Vadodara, Ahmedabad, Bharuch, Rajkot and Jamnagar. In the present study teak wood present in sawmills was infected with 14 types of fungi in which Lenzites sterioides and Trametes versicolor damaged the wood severely was reported for the first time. In all 94 sawmills were surveyed, the 28 sawmills were from Vadodara, 29 from Ahmedabad, 12 from Bharuch, 21 from Rajkot and 4 from Jamnagar. Out of 94 sawmills survyed, 84 sawmills were having timber rotting fungi associated with wood. Maximum fifteen and thirteen fungal species were observed in saw mills of Chhani road, followed by 11 in Station road, 7 in Dhabhoi road and 6 in Harni, Vadodara. Fours woods uninfected are Beyo, Marinty, Ash, and Arjun. Fourteen different types of fungi were found associated with teak, followed by seven in pinus, madhuca, Acacia nilotica, six in babul, neem, four in tamarind, Pithacoelobium and three in mango, Eucalyptus, African Mahagoni, Kapoor, Peltophoram rouxburghii, Derris pinnata wood respectively. The commonly observed timber decaying fungi were Schizophyllum commune, Flavodon flavus and Ganoderma lucidum belonging to Basidiomycota. Ascomycota members included was Daldinia concentrica and Xylaria polymorpha.

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Kumar, N. Praveen, e Arun Arya. "Timber Degrading Fungi in Sawmills of Gujarat, India". International Letters of Natural Sciences 7 (17 de dezembro de 2013): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-ybb088.

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Timer decay is caused by primarily enzymatic activities of microorganisms. For the first time fungal diversity of timber degrading fungi was studied in Gujarat, India. Timber Degrading Fungi belonging to Aphyllophorales are economically important as many of these cause serious damage in sawmills of Gujarat. To find out the association of the timber degrading fungi and timber decay problems in sawmills a survey was conducted during 2007 to 2011 in different sawmills of 5 districts of Gujarat i.e. Vadodara, Ahmedabad, Bharuch, Rajkot and Jamnagar. In the present study teak wood present in sawmills was infected with 14 types of fungi in which Lenzites sterioides and Trametes versicolor damaged the wood severely was reported for the first time. In all 94 sawmills were surveyed, the 28 sawmills were from Vadodara, 29 from Ahmedabad, 12 from Bharuch, 21 from Rajkot and 4 from Jamnagar. Out of 94 sawmills survyed, 84 sawmills were having timber rotting fungi associated with wood. Maximum fifteen and thirteen fungal species were observed in saw mills of Chhani road, followed by 11 in Station road, 7 in Dhabhoi road and 6 in Harni, Vadodara. Fours woods uninfected are Beyo, Marinty, Ash, and Arjun. Fourteen different types of fungi were found associated with teak, followed by seven in pinus, madhuca, Acacia nilotica, six in babul, neem, four in tamarind, Pithacoelobium and three in mango, Eucalyptus, African Mahagoni, Kapoor, Peltophoram rouxburghii, Derris pinnata wood respectively. The commonly observed timber decaying fungi were Schizophyllum commune, Flavodon flavus and Ganoderma lucidum belonging to Basidiomycota. Ascomycota members included was Daldinia concentrica and Xylaria polymorpha.

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Udele, Kenneth E., Jeffrey J. Morrell e Arijit Sinha. "Biological Durability of Cross-Laminated Timber— The State of Things". Forest Products Journal 71, n.º 2 (1 de março de 2021): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.13073/fpj-d-20-00076.

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Abstract Cross laminated timber (CLT) is a mass timber product that is gaining popularity in construction within North America. CLT is made up of wood, a building material of biological origin. Therefore, these materials are at a risk of decay upon intrusion of moisture, a situation that could lead to loss of confidence in the material. Ensuring durability and optimum performance of building elements throughout their expected service life will require an understanding of the potential for decay and the possible consequences. This paper reviews the various possibilities of moisture intrusion in CLT, their potential effects on the physical and mechanical properties of CLT, and ultimately the associated biological decay risks. The paper concludes by enumerating variables that are critical and should be evaluated to completely understand decay in CLT panels, stemming from a thorough review of previous studies and methods used to evaluate decay in mass timber.

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Rickli, Christian, e Frank Graf. "Wildbachsperren aus Fichte und Tanne: Festigkeit und Pilzbefall in den ersten Jahren". Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 165, n.º 4 (1 de abril de 2014): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2014.0079.

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Timber constructions in torrent control with Norway spruce and silver fir: wood quality and colonisation with decay fungi during the first years Timber is widely used for protection measures in torrent control. However, life span of woody constructions such as timber check dams is limited due to fungal decay. Only sparse scientific information is available on the long-term behaviour of timber structures and the colonisation with decay fungi. Related to this, in practice a controversial discussion has been going on if either Norway spruce (Picea abies) or silver fir (Abies alba) is more enduring and if bark removal increases resistance against fungal decay. In order to going into this matter, a series of 15 timber check dams built in 1996/1997 has been monitored. The constructions were alternatively realised with Norway spruce and silver fir, half of them each with remaining and removed bark, respectively. The scientific investigations included the documentation of colonisation with rot fungi and the identification of decayed zones with a simple practical approach as well as based on drilling resistance. Colonisation by decay fungi started three years after construction (e.g. Gloeophyllum sepiarium), two years later first parts with reduced wood resistance were detected. The protection measures were still fully functional sixteen years after construction although decay was found on all check dams but two. Wood quality was markedly better in watered sections compared to the occasionally dry lateral abutment sections, without showing clear differences in decay between logs of Norway spruce and silver fir. However, both the practical approach and the drilling resistance measurement suggest more defects on logs without bark. Further investigations and sound statistical analysis are needed to confirm the observed trends.

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Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Timber decay"

1

Le, Poidevin Janine. "Timber permeability : significance for joinery decay". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/38083.

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2

Lee, Hyun-Mi. "Aspects of wood decay and preservation of timber". Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2009. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5941/.

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A number of species of wood decay fungi important for the damage they cause to timber and timber products in Korea were cultured. Trametes versicolor, which is one of the most important, was also cultured from a collection made in the UK and likewise the ascomycete Daldinia concentica was obtained for comparative studies. In the initial testing of the effectiveness of the two wood preservatives, ammoniacal copper quaternary (ACQ) and copper azole (CuAz) preserve injected blocks of Japanese Red Pine and Yellow Poplar were inoculated with T versicolor, Pleurotus ostreatus and D. concentrica. Weight loss(%) of the wood blocks showed that Japanese Red Pine possessed greater natural resistance to decay by the white rot basidiomycete fungus T versicolor, than to the white rot ascomycete D. concentrica. The results for Yellow Poplar were the opposite. It was also found that both preservatives had an inhibitory effect on all three test fungi regardless of tree species. Furthermore ACQ was the most effective preservative in relation to T versicolor, which is the most damaging wood decay fungus in Korea. It has also been found that the absorption of the preservatives by the two different wood types differed with Yellow Poplar exhibiting a slightly greater absorption than the Japanese Red Pine, which might be a result of differences in the anatomical structure of the woods. Fungal biomass was also determined using chitin and ergosterol assays. The results regarding levels of decay caused by T versicolor, P ostreatus and D. concentrica are in close agreement with the weight loss determinations. The assays also confirmed the effectiveness of the copper based preservatives. The application of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) has allowed observations on the damage caused by the test fungi to the untreated blocks of the two wood species and the reduction in damage on blocks treated with the preservatives. Linked studies using the SEM and Atomic Force Microscopy have demonstrated differences in the micromorphology of the hyphal tips of the test fungi.

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3

McGeachie, M. T., University of Western Sydney, College of Law and Business e of Construction Property and Planning School. "Characterisation of the Sydney region in relation to corrosion, timber decay risk factors and the corrosion of nails in timber in covered conditions". THESIS_CLAB_CPP_McGeachie_M.xml, 2001. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/491.

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The aim of the study was to characterise the environment in the Sydney region in respect of atmospheric corrosivity, timber decay risk factors and the corrosion of nails in timber in covered conditions. The study reviewed contemporary research in this field, particularly in Australia, developing an understanding of the durability failure mechanisms for timber and nails in timber. The study looked at the effects of climatic aspects, pollutants, corrosion on timber decay risk factors. The study found that the levels of risk in terms of timber degradation, corrosion and nail corrosion were greatest adjacent to the coast and at marine sites.
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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4

Vigrow, Anne. "Molecular analysis of the dry rot fungus Serpula lacrymans". Thesis, University of Abertay Dundee, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306791.

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5

McGeachie, Mark Thomas. "Characterisation of the Sydney region in relation to corrosion, timber decay risk factors and the corrosion of nails in timber in covered conditions /". View thesis View thesis, 2001. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030326.082457/index.html.

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6

Score, Alan James. "Biological control of the dry rot fungus Serpula lacrymans". Thesis, University of Abertay Dundee, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264798.

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7

Moreira-Munoz, Simon. "Timber supply and economic impact of mountain pine beetle salvage strategies". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/697.

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To address the scale mountain pine beetle (MPB) outbreak in British Columbia, salvage has become fully integrated with timber supply strategies. The objective of this thesis is to assess the economic impact of different salvage strategies depending on different attack levels, decay rates, and stakeholder discount rates. The study area is located in N.E. British Columbia where the MPB has not yet reached its peak and where susceptible to attack stands account for 40% of the area. Salvage strategies were modelled with a timber supply model (Woodstock) which uses a linear programming type II optimization approach. Performance of the model was assessed over a range of indicators such as NPV, profit, salvage proportion, species composition, inventory levels, and non-recoverable volume. Sensitivity analyses were conducted on harvest flow, discount rate, and ending inventory. The model was very sensitive to the intensity of attack and less sensitive to the decay level. The high level of attack resulted in large volume losses, mostly as un-salvaged inventory. Although allowable annual cut (AAC) uplifts have an economic benefit, they do not necessarily maximize the salvage of pine. Non-pine species are an important component of the salvage and these species are also essential for the future timber supply. If the objective is to ensure quality and quantity of the future forest, policies have to complement AAC uplifts by strongly encouraging the salvage of mainly pine-leading stands and management options that minimize the “by-catch” of non-pine species and minimize destruction of advanced regeneration during salvage. However, this has an opportunity cost for the private industry where the objective is to maximize profit. If the salvage strategy focuses on decreasing the impact on cash flows, achieving desirable ending inventory levels, avoiding salvage of stands after shelf-life, and reducing impact on non-attack species, then the current harvest level will likely lead to a mid-term timber supply fall-down. Using the fibre for bioenergy production is an alternative if managing for bioenergy can be integrated into harvest operations. However, unlike mill residues, the bioenergy supply has to fully account for harvest and transportation costs of dead wood to the mill.

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Kumi-Woode, Benjamin G. "Natural decay resistance of some Ghanian timbers and wood decay hazard potential for Ghana". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/MQ33402.pdf.

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9

Brown, Heather. "Biological control of wood decay in ground contact timbers". Thesis, Abertay University, 2002. https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/404b141f-ed6c-4363-a96a-27ba3ab1f68a.

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Wood placed in ground contact situations is susceptible to attack by a wide range of soil micro-organisms which degrade the wood structure, causing significant deterioration of the mechanical properties of the timber such as strength and elasticity. Chemical preservatives such as CCA (copper-chrome-arsenic) and CCB (copper-chrome-boron) are currently used to prevent the decay of wood exposed to biodeteriogens. However, increasing concerns regarding the long-term environmental effects of the toxic chemicals applied to ground contact timbers has resulted in the investigation and development of a number of alternatives to chemical preservation. This project examined the use of biological control as a means of protecting ground contact timbers from fungal decay. Trichoderma spp. are soil-inhabiting fungi with broad-spectrum antagonistic properties, and have been extensively investigated as potential biocontrol agents in agriculture and forestry. A small-scale wood-based screening system was developed for the rapid assessment of biocontrol potential. The screening system used non-sterile soil as a test medium to provide a natural environment for the evaluation of potential biocontrolagents. A number of Trichoderma isolates were tested using the developed system, andone Trichoderma viride isolate, (T60) demonstrated an initial protective effect against non-sterile soil. This isolate has previously been shown to be totally effective against basidiomycete decay fungi. The isolate was therefore selected as a potential biocontrol agent for ground contact timber, and a field trial was designed to assess the isolate on a larger scale. Development of the field trial included the formulation of an appropriate delivery system. The biocontrol agent was applied to wood as a fungal spore suspension prepared in water. Wood was pressure impregnated with spores using a pilot preservation plant, integrating biological control strategies with current industry processes. Spore viability was retained, as indicated by the germination of Trichoderma spores on the wood surface. Field trial and fungal cellar testing of the biocontrol agent on ground contact was based on European Standard test methods for chemical wood preservatives. T60-treated stakes, CCA-treated stakes and untreated control stakes of 2 softwood species were uplifted after 9 and 18 months exposure to soil. Recommended subjective assessmentswere supplemented with biological examinations of decay. Results indicated partial protection of T60-treated wood. However, the study highlighted the influence of test system and wood species on the activity and behaviour of the applied biocontrol agent. To assess the distribution of the biocontrol agent in wood following the novel application procedure, a molecular-based method for the specific detection and quantification of T60 in treated wood was investigated. DNA was extracted from wood and amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A random primer was used to detect T60 DNA in extracted material, and image analysis software was utilised to assess the relative abundance of amplified DNA indicating a non-uniform distribution of detected spores. In summary, results from the field and fungal cellar testing of a selected biocontrol isolate showed a variation in the degree and constancy of protection against wood decay fungi. Standard testing guidelines were used as a basis for a field trial, with modifications designed to provide a more comprehensive assessment of biological control in ground contact timbers. The research presented in this thesis highlights the importance of field testing with regard to the biological control of wood decay, and indicates the influence of environmental factors on the overall performance of fungal biocontrol agents.

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Mouzouras, R. "Microbiological aspects of stored timbers from the Mary Rose and the decay of wood by marine fungi". Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376466.

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Livros sobre o assunto "Timber decay"

1

Tmber [i.e. timber] decay in buildings and its treatment. Romsley: Scientific and Educational Services, 1992.

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2

Timber decay in buildings: The conservation approach to treatment. New York: E & FN Spon, 2000.

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3

The two kinds of decay. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2008.

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4

The two kinds of decay. London: Granta, 2011.

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5

McFarland, Richard E. CGI delay compensation. Moffett Field, Calif: Ames Research Center, 1986.

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6

Highley, Terry L. Longevity of chloropicrin and vapam in controlling internal decay in creosoted Douglas-fir timbers above ground. [Madison, Wis.?: Forest Products Laboratory, 1987.

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7

Robust control and filtering for time-delay systems. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2000.

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8

Henryk, Górecki, ed. Analysis and synthesis of time delay systems. Chichester: Wiley, 1989.

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9

MyiLibrary, Nelson, Patrick W. (Patrick William) e Ulsoy Ali Galip, eds. Time-delay systems: Analysis and control using the Lambert W function. New Jersey: World Scientific, 2010.

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10

Mouzouras, Renos. Microbiological aspects of stored timbers from the Mary Rose and the decay of wood by marine fungi. Portsmouth: Portsmouth Polytechnic, School of Biological Sciences, 1987.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Timber decay"

1

Desch, H. E., e J. M. Dinwoodie. "Decay and Sap-stain Fungi". In Timber Structure, Properties, Conversion and Use, 238–48. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13427-4_19.

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2

Smith, Kevin T. "Dynamics of Decay in Trees and Timber". In Biodeterioration Research 2, 435–50. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5670-7_38.

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3

Carey, Janice K., e A. F. Bravery. "In-service Decay of Timber Joinery and its Eradication". In Biodeterioration 7, 733–38. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1363-9_95.

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4

Ridout, Brian. "Understanding Decay in Building Timbers". In Materials & Skills for Historic Building Conservation, 160–66. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470697696.ch8.

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5

Egorov, Alexey V., e Sabine Mondié. "Estimate of the Exponential Decay of Linear Delay Systems Via the Lyapunov Matrix". In Recent Results on Time-Delay Systems, 89–105. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26369-4_5.

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6

Kharitonov, Vladimir L. "General Theory". In Time-Delay Systems, 3–26. Boston: Birkhäuser Boston, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-8176-8367-2_1.

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Kharitonov, Vladimir L. "Single Delay Case". In Time-Delay Systems, 27–74. Boston: Birkhäuser Boston, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-8176-8367-2_2.

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Kharitonov, Vladimir L. "Multiple Delay Case". In Time-Delay Systems, 75–131. Boston: Birkhäuser Boston, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-8176-8367-2_3.

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9

Kharitonov, Vladimir L. "Systems with Distributed Delay". In Time-Delay Systems, 133–70. Boston: Birkhäuser Boston, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-8176-8367-2_4.

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Kharitonov, Vladimir L. "General Theory". In Time-Delay Systems, 173–200. Boston: Birkhäuser Boston, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-8176-8367-2_5.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Timber decay"

1

Prabowo, Herry, e Mochamad Hilmy. "The Use of Decay Model to Predict Service Life of Indonesian Historic Timber Buildings". In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Sustainable Environment and Architecture (SENVAR 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/senvar-18.2019.7.

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2

Schmid, Joachim, Antonio Totaro e Andrea Frangi. "The behaviour of timber in fire including the decay phase - charring rates, char recession and smouldering". In 11th International Conference on Structures in Fire (SiF2020). Brisbane, Australia: The University of Queensland, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14264/96c0db4.

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3

Lynes, Jeffrey, e Iraj H. P. Mamaghani. "Strength Properties of Hardwood Timber Species Exposed to Decay and Marine Borer Attack in Tidal Zones". In The 6th International Conference on Civil, Structural and Transportation Engineering. Avestia Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/iccste21.145.

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Zamperini, Emanuele, Angelo Giuseppe Landi e Alberto Grimoldi. "MENSIOCHRONOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES FOR TIMBER ELEMENTS: LIMITS AND SPECIFICITIES THROUGH A CASE STUDY". In ARQUEOLÓGICA 2.0 - 9th International Congress & 3rd GEORES - GEOmatics and pREServation. Editorial Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia: Editorial Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/arqueologica9.2021.12126.

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In Italy, studies on wooden structural elements in masonry buildings, from the Middle Ages throughout the Modern Age to the twentieth century, are few in number compared to other European countries and present no systematic approach. It is necessary to carry out progressively, but systematically, high-detailed surveys and to correlate them with the existing discontinuous documentation. Diachronic comparisons – referring to significant geographical areas in which evident constructive constants are recognizable – would highlight the variation over time of the models and their diffusion, while the comparison, especially synchronic, between solutions evidently different or apparently similar, would allow to better understand both the constructive choices and their static behaviour. A series of models – including the structural ones – should be elaborated, for directing design in a sector, often seriously flawed, prone to simplification and the introduction of high safety factors essentially motivated by summary and inadequate surveys of the actual situation. It is also interesting to evaluate the application of mensiochronological techniques to the analysis of timber structures, especially floors. The significant measures for dating are various: dimensions and centre distances of beams and joists, width and thickness of the boards, dimension of the accessory elements (e.g. joint laths), but the working processes and tree species have a decisive impact on the measures of the artefacts. Mensiochronological techniques usually detect slow but evident variations; however, a centuries-old constancy is equally significant. More general information about the context is useful, in particular which choices are not determined by mere technical reasons. A better historical knowledge serves to understand the qualities and limitations of existing structures, and the features – including decay – in which they appear. The floors of Palazzo Magio in Cremona, dating from the fifteenth century to the end of the eighteenth century, allow to reflect on how and what to examine.

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5

Gao, Yin, e Mike McHenry. "Simulation of the Thermal Effects on Engineered Polymer Composite Ties". In 2019 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2019-1299.

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Engineered polymer composite (EPC) ties offer a potential alternative to solid sawn timber ties. These materials are especially attractive for use in regions where wood is susceptible to degradation by moisture and decay organisms. However, recent research at the Transportation Technology Center’s (TTC) Facility for Accelerated Service Testing (FAST) in Pueblo, CO, found that track supported by EPC ties experienced more gage widening variation due to temperature changes than track supported by wood ties. Specifically, the track gage was about 0.2-in. wider in the afternoon than that in the morning on the EPC tie tracks. It is believed that the direct sunlight in the afternoon makes the top surface of the tie expand more than the other parts of the tie, thereby causing the EPC ties to bend and widen track gage. Another observation related to the EPC thermal bending effect is changes to the ballast support condition. When temperatures are cooler, EPC ties tend to experience a center-bound ballast support condition, therefore generating more bending stress on the ties. This paper presents results from computer simulations of the thermal behavior of EPC ties. Future study will focus on field testing to further understand the thermal effects in support of recommendations on the use of EPC ties.

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6

Abdeldayem, H., V. K. Mago, P. Chandra Sekhar, P. Venkateswarlu e M. C. George. "Triplet-state gratings and degenerate four-wave mixing in disodium fluorescein-doped boric acid glass". In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.fx3.

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Degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) in disodium-fluorescein-doped glass revealed a large third-order susceptibility and a slow decay of the gratings that were responsible for optical phase conjugation. To understand the mechanisms for this, the following experiments were performed. The phase-conjugate signal in a DFWM setup was recorded for several concentrations of the dye in the glass. An Ar+ laser beam (488 and 457.9 nm) was used. Transient gratings were formed by turning the writing beams for the Ar+ laser on and off, and the decay was read by a He-Ne laser beam. Analysis showed that there are two exponential decays, 0.1 and 0.3 s, independent of the concentration. The possible presence of a thermal grating was eliminated by recording the decay times at 13° and 114°; we found no angular dependence. The decay time and the spectrum of the phosphorescence resulting from excitation by the Ar+ lines were recorded for the same samples. The analysis again showed two decay times, and the spectrum recorded with a double mono-chromator showed a structure having two peaks. It is therefore concluded that tripletstate gratings are responsible for the phase conjugation. However, the grating decay times were less than the phosphorescence decay times. Further investigations to understand this discrepancy are in progress.

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Glanzmann, Thomas M., Pascal Uehlinger, Jean-Pierre Ballini, Alexandre Radu, Tanja Gabrecht, Philippe Monnier, Hubert van den Bergh e Georges Wagnières. "Time-Resolved Autofluorescence Spectroscopy of the Bronchial Mucosa for the Detection of Early Cancer: Clinical Results". In European Conference on Biomedical Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ecbo.2001.4432_199.

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Time-resolved measurements of endogenous tissue autofluorescence were carried out on the bronchial mucosa of 18 patients during endoscopy by the means of an optical fibre-based spectrometer. The objective was to assess the fluorescence lifetime as a new contrast parameter between normal and malignant tissue and to explain the origin of a previously observed contrast in fluorescence intensity. The intra- and interpatient variation of tissue autofluorescence intensity and decay on normal tissue was determined, with the outcome that a strong fluctuation in autofluorescence intensity but not in lifetime was observed on the normal tissue. Preliminary results were obtained by comparing fluorescence decays on normal mucosa and dysplasia/carcinoma in situ. No significant change in fluorescence decay nor in spectrum between 510 and 650 nm was found. Measurements in parallel with an endoscopic autofluorescence imaging device, on the other hand, indicated a contrast in intensity and spectrum on the same lesions. This suggests that the spectral contrast might be due to an enhanced blood concentration in deeper-lying layers of the lesion to which the optical fibre-based contact measurements are less sensitive. The difference in intensity might be due to a lower concentration in fluorophores or to the thickening of the epithelium in the neoplastic mucous membrane. However, no indication of fluorescence quenching in the upper layers of the mucous membrane was found as the reason for the reduced fluorescence intensity. The fluorescence decays showed a quite stable behaviour with three decay times of 6.9 ns, 2.0 ns and 0.2 ns in the spectral range between 430 and 680 nm. This can be an indication that there is one dominant fluorophore involved, the calculated decay times suggest that it might be elastin. However, a slight spectral dependence of the fluorescence decays lead to the presumption that there is a contribution from other fluorophores, probably flavins and NADH.

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Adams, J. S. "Progress on HERON: A real-time detector for P-P solar neutrinos". In Next generation nucleon decay and neutrino detector. AIP, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1361731.

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Yamazaki, Kaoru, e Katsumi Midorikawa. "Carbon 1s Edge Induced Femtosecond Nonradiative Decays in Tropone Dication (C7H7O2+)". In International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/up.2022.w4a.8.

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We found that tropone dications (C7H7O2+) created by the carbon KLL normal Auger decay undergo nonradiative decays via 10-102 dicationic states in the time scale of 102 fs using surface hopping nonadiabatic reaction dynamics simulations.

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10

Talagala, P., M. K. Kim e R. Kachru. "Stimulated photon echo modulation in praseodymium-doped crystals". In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.tuy32.

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When the intensity of photon echo in a two-level system is measured as a function of delay time of the two input pulses, one obtains a simple exponential decay with the characteristic phase relaxation time. When the two levels contain hyperfine structures, the interference among the hyperfine levels gives rise to modulation of the decay envelope. The Fourier transform of the modulation pattern reveals the hyperfine structure of the rare-earth ions. The hyperfine structure, and therefore the modulation pattern, are both sensitively affected by the crystal environment of the ionic site. We extend photon-echo modulation spectroscopy to three-pulse, stimulated photon-echo modulation, and we find that the stimulated echo modulation patterns are quite distinct from the two-pulse, photon-echo case and are affected by a different set of atomic and crystal interaction parameters. The modulation is measured, in several photon-echo transitions of praseodymium ions in lanthanum trifluoride and yttrium aluminum garnet crystals, as functions of delay times between first and second pulses and between first and third pulses. Comparison of the experimental results with density-matrix calculations allows us to determine hyperfine parameters that are not easily observed with two-pulse echo modulation.

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Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Timber decay"

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Wang, Xiping, Ferenc Divos, Crystal Pilon, Brian K. Brashaw, Robert J. Ross e Roy F. Pellerin. Assessment of decay in standing timber using stress wave timing nondestructive evaluation tools : a guide for use and interpretation. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/fpl-gtr-147.

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Autor, David, Nicole Maestas, Kathleen Mullen e Alexander Strand. Does Delay Cause Decay? The Effect of Administrative Decision Time on the Labor Force Participation and Earnings of Disability Applicants. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, janeiro de 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w20840.

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Wasserman, Eric G. Time reversal invariance in polarized neutron decay. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), março de 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10137967.

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Pritychenko, B. On Double-Beta Decay Half-Life Time Systematics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), abril de 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1013470.

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Voter, A. F., e N. Stanciu. Decay of surface nanostructures via long-time-scale dynamics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), novembro de 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/674862.

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Lising, Laura Jean. Time reversal invariance - a test in free neutron decay. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), janeiro de 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/760390.

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Chapman, H. Femtosecond Time-Delay X-Ray Holography. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), outubro de 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/922321.

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Pham, Anh-Vu. Development of True Time Delay Circuits. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, junho de 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada608902.

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Zutavern, Fred J., e Zachariah Red Wallace. Time Delay from Corona to Breakdown. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), setembro de 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1504848.

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Annaswamy, Anuradha M. Adaptive Control of Nonlinear Time-Delay Systems. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, novembro de 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada441542.

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