Livros: "THM behaviors"

1

Jane, Carter, ed. Beyond behavior modification: A cognitive-behavioral approach to behavior management in the school. 3^a ed. Austin, Tex: Pro-Ed, 1995.

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2

Barbara, Drainville, ed. Beyond behavior modification: A cognitive-behavioral approach to behavior management in the school. 2^a ed. Austin, Tex: Pro-Ed, 1991.

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3

Pieters, Rik G. M. Behavioral intentions and the impression and expression of behavior. Brussels: European Institute for Advanced Studies in Management, 1990.

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4

N, Boutros Nashaat, e Mendez Mario F, eds. The brain and behavior: An introduction to behavioral neuroanatomy. 3^a ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

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5

Kern, Koegel Lynn, Koegel Robert L. 1944- e Dunlap Glen, eds. Positive behavioral support: Including people with difficult behavior in the community. Baltimore: P.H. Brookes, 1996.

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6

Kandathil, George. From behavioral compliance to value internalization: The critical role of the match between employee's pre socialization habitual behavior and organization's expected employee behaviour. Ahmedabad: Indian Institute of Management, 2015.

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7

Vale, Pedro F., Jonathon A. Siva-Jothy, André Morrill e Mark R. Forbes. The influence of parasites. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797500.003.0018.

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This chapter discusses insect behavioral responses to parasites. Dividing behaviors conceptually into those that occur before and after infection, we start by reviewing the evidence that insects identify and avoid potentially infectious environments to minimize negative consequences of infection. Behavioral responses following infection according to their adaptive value to either the insect host or to the parasite will then be considered. One section covers sickness behaviors proposed to benefit the host by conserving energetic resources during infection; another section discusses evidence for altered host behavior as a parasite adaptation enhancing parasite survival or transmission. The mechanistic link between behavior and immunity in insects is briefly discussed, and provide a summary of methods and techniques becoming standard to studying behavior of model insect species in the context of infection. The chapter concludes by discussing future directions in the study of insect behavioral responses to parasites.

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8

Rhodes, Ryan E., e Samantha M. Gray. Affect in the Process of Action Control of Health-Protective Behaviors. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190499037.003.0002.

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Preventing chronic disease is critical for society. Behavioral factors are often responsible for explaining much of chronic disease etiologies, yet engagement in health-protective behaviors is low. Intention to engage in behavior has been considered a critical determinant of behavior, and is supported by ample correlational evidence. Nevertheless, much of the correspondence between intention and behavior is among nonintenders who subsequently do not act; there is considerable variability in behavior performance for intenders. Thus, action control—the translation of positive intentions into behavior—is a crucial consideration for health behaviors. This chapter proposes several pathways in which affect may determine action control for protective behaviors such as physical activity and healthy eating. The three main affective processes include reflective affect, manipulated affect through volitional regulation, and reflexive affect. Carefully designed future studies should help support or falsify several of the proposed pathways suggested in our model of affect and action control.

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9

Karpyn, Allison. Behavioral Design as an Emerging Theory for Dietary Behavior Change. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190626686.003.0003.

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In the past two decades, public health interventions have moved from education strategies aimed at individuals to broad, multilevel interventions incorporating environmental and policy strategies to promote healthy food behaviors. These intervention programs continue to employ classic behavior change models that consider individuals as deliberate, intentional, and rational actors. Contrary to the ideas posited by rational choice theory, diet-related literature draws little correlation between an individual’s intentions and his/her resultant behavior. This chapter adds to the dual-system model of cognition—reflective or slow thinking, and automatic or fast thinking—and introduces an emerging theory for dietary behavior change called behavioral design. Behavioral design recognizes that human decisions and actions lie on a continuum between spheres and are continually shaped by the interactions between an agent (individual, group) and his/her/their exposure (environment). More specifically, behavioral design considers the importance of the “experience” left as time passes, such as conditioning, resilience, expectation, repeated behaviors, and normality, as the central and iterative influence on future decisions. Behavioral interventions must consider the individual’s “experience” resulting from his or her interaction with the environment, while acknowledging the fast and slow mechanisms by which choices are made. This chapter introduces aspects to consider when using behavioral design to increase healthier food behaviors and physical activity, and briefly discusses ethics questions related to intentional modification of environment for health behavior change.

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10

Kiviniemi, Marc T., e Lynne B. Klasko-Foster. The Behavioral Affective Associations Model. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190499037.003.0009.

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This chapter presents a conceptual overview of the role of affective associations in behavioral decision-making. It focuses first on the mechanisms through which affect influences behavior. It then describes the behavioral affective associations model and provides a summary of the research using the model with examples showing promotion of protective behavior and reduction of risky behavior. While observational studies are included, experimental studies in both laboratory and field settings are highlighted to model how interventions can manipulate affective associations to change behaviors. As affect is central to decision-making, new directions for research, such as the role of constructs related to affect, are explored as they relate to decision-making. Finally, implications for real-world interventions and techniques to use affect as a tool for behavior change are discussed.

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11

Butz, Martin V., e Esther F. Kutter. Behavioral Flexibility and Anticipatory Behavior. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198739692.003.0006.

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While reward-oriented learning can adapt and optimize behavior, this chapter shows how behavior can become anticipatory and selectively goal-oriented. Flexibility and adaptability are necessary when living in changing environmental niches. As a consequence, different locations in the environment need to be distinguished to enable selective and optimally attuned interactions. To accomplish this, sensorimotor learning is necessary. With sufficient sensorimotor knowledge, the progressively abstract learning of environmental predictive models becomes possible. These models enable forward anticipations about action consequences and incoming sensory information. As a consequence, our own influences on the environment can be distinguished from other influences, following the re-afference principle. Moreover, inverse anticipations enable the selection of the behavior that is believed to reach current goals most effectively. Coupled with motivations, goal-directed behavior can be generated self-motivatedly. Furthermore, curious, information seeking, epistemic behavior can be generated. The remainder of the book addresses how the brain accomplishes this goal-oriented, self-motivated generation of behavior and thought, where the latter can be considered mental behavior.

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12

Feierman, Jay R. The Biology of Religious Behavior. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400619151.

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Offers a fresh and detailed take on the evolution of religious behavior from a biobehavioral perspective, promoting a new understanding that may help build bridges across the religious divide. There has been much recent interest in the study of religion from the perspective of Darwinian evolution. The Biology of Religious Behavior: The Evolutionary Origins of Faith and Religion offers a broad overview of the topic, written by internationally recognized experts. In addition to its primary focus on religious behavior, the book addresses other important aspects of religion, such as values, beliefs, and emotions as they affect behavior. The contributors approach the evolution of religion by examining the behavior of individuals in their everyday lives. After describing various religious behaviors, the contributors consider the behaviors with reference to their evolutionary history, development during the lifetime of the individual, proximate causes, and adaptive value. Happily, this foray into understanding religion from a biobehavioral perspective demonstrates that, at the biological and behavioral levels, what unites the different religions of the world is far greater than what divides them.

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13

Dodman, Nicholas H., e Louis Shuster. Spontaneously Occurring Animal Models of OCD. Editado por Christopher Pittenger. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228163.003.0032.

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This chapter summarizes what we know about compulsive behavioral disorders in several animal species. Animals can develop repetitive behaviors in a range of circumstances, generally associated with anxiety or stress. It is increasingly apparent that these behaviors recapitulate core features of obsessive-compulsive disorder. They are clearly partially genetic; for example, specific breeds of dog are susceptible to specific compulsive behavioral disorders. Understanding such OCD-like behaviors provides a potentially fruitful avenue towards understanding OCD in humans. This chapter reviews this literature, emphasizing the points of parallelism between repetitive behavior syndromes in animals and human disease. Recent advances in our understanding of the biology of these spontaneously occurring animal models, especially in dogs, have great potential to elucidate the pathophysiology of OCD.

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14

Glicksohn, Joseph. The Neurobiology of Criminal Behavior (Neurobiological Foundation of Aberrant Behaviors). Springer, 2002.

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15

Sherratt, Thomas N., e Changku Kang. Anti-predator behavior. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797500.003.0009.

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Insects have evolved a wide range of behavioral traits to avoid predation. Frequently, these behaviors are deployed to augment the effectiveness of a primary defence such as crypsis or mimicry, but they are also sometimes elicited as a secondary defence when a primary defence fails. Anti-predator behaviors in insects include adaptations to avoid being detected by predators, adaptations rendering the insect unattractive to consume, warning behaviors, and behaviors to enhance the effectiveness of mimicry. This chapter reviews many of these behavioral anti-predator adaptations, emphasizing when they are elicited and highlighting their adaptive significance. We argue that some of the inter-specific variation in behavioral defences can be explained in terms of defensive portfolios: if a physical defence is sufficient, then behaviour to augment or back-up this defence is unnecessary. As the use of comparative methods increases, researchers will be better placed to understand variation in the suites of defences that evolve.

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16

Puranam, Phanish. Behavioral foundations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199672363.003.0002.

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The diversity of behaviors that human beings exhibit makes it challenging to know what behavioral assumptions to make when building theories about organizations. Fortunately for us, organizational contexts are, to varying degrees, designed. I argue that this introduces a powerful set of levers—sorting, framing and structuring—that can help reduce this diversity of behavioral possibilities to a tractable yet plausible few. In the resulting account of behavior, alternatives need not be given, their consequences need not be known, and the utilities attached to consequences need not be stable. This chapter offers a simplified framework to understand a variety of forms of rational and non-rational individual behavior as special cases.

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17

Behavioral Neurobiology: The Cellular Organization of Natural Behavior. Sinauer Associates, 2000.

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18

Behavioral Neurobiology: The Cellular Organization of Natural Behavior. Sinauer Associates Inc, 2004.

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19

Maruska, Karen P., e Russell D. Fernald. Social Regulation of Gene Expression in the African Cichlid Fish. Editado por Turhan Canli. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199753888.013.012.

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How does an animal’s social environment shape its behavior and physiology, and what underlying molecular and genetic mechanisms lead to phenotypic changes? To address this question, the authors used a model system that exhibits socially regulated plastic phenotypes, behavioral complexity, molecular level access, and genomic resources. The African cichlid fishAstatotilapia burtoni, in which male status and reproductive physiology are under social control, has become an important model for studying the mechanisms that regulate complex social behaviors. This chapter reviews what is known about how information from the social environment produces changes in behavior, physiology, and gene expression profiles in the brain and reproductive axis ofA. burtoni. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for translating perception of social cues into molecular change in a model vertebrate is important for identifying selective pressures and evolutionary mechanisms that shape the brain and ultimately result in diverse and complex social behaviors.

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20

Hagger, Martin S., e Cleo Protogerou. Affect in the Context of Self-Determination Theory. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190499037.003.0007.

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Self-determination theory has been applied to understand the role of affect in motivation and behavior in health contexts. According to self-determination theory, autonomous forms of motivation, reflecting self-endorsed reasons for acting and the satisfaction of psychological needs, are related to participation and persistence in health behavior. Research examining the role of affect in determining health behavior from the perspective of the theory is relatively sparse. Affect has served as both an outcome and process in applications of the theory to health behavior. Positive affect and psychological well-being have been identified as important outcomes of participating in behaviors for autonomous reasons. Affect is inextricably linked to motivational processes through eudaimonic and hedonic well-being, the passionate pursuit of activities, and the regulation of behavior through active management of aversive emotional responses. The chapter outlines how support for autonomous motivation by significant others may lead to adaptive behavioral engagement and affective responses in health behavior.

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21

Swain, James E., e Shao-Hsuan Shaun Ho. Parental Brain: The Crucible of Compassion. Editado por Emma M. Seppälä, Emiliana Simon-Thomas, Stephanie L. Brown, Monica C. Worline, C. Daryl Cameron e James R. Doty. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464684.013.6.

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All infants rely on parenting behaviors that provide what they need to be healthy. As “compassion” can be defined as feelings that are elicited by perceiving someone else’s suffering with a desire to help (Goetz, Keltner, & Simon-Thomas, 2010), parenting behavior in concert with compassion towards a child can be defined as “compassionate parenting.” A child who has received compassionate parenting will tend to provide compassionate parenting to his or her own offspring, and possibly to unrelated others. We postulate that compassionate parenting should have the following characteristics: (1) effective care-giving behaviors (behavioral contingency), (2) parental emotions that are coherent and connected with child’s emotions (emotional connection), and (3) awareness of own and other’s cognitions and emotions and other environmental factors (reflective awareness). In this chapter, a body of literature in neurobiological mechanisms underlying parenting is selectively reviewed in reference to the behavioral, emotional, and cognitive aspects of compassionate parenting.

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22

Drainville, Barbara, e Joseph S. Kaplan. Beyond Behavior Modification: A Cognitive-Behavioral Approach to Behavior Management in the School. 2^a ed. Pro ed, 1990.

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23

Railsback, Steven F., e Bret C. Harvey. Modeling Populations of Adaptive Individuals. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691195285.001.0001.

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Ecologists now recognize that the dynamics of populations, communities, and ecosystems are strongly affected by adaptive individual behaviors. Yet until now, we have lacked effective and flexible methods for modeling such dynamics. Traditional ecological models become impractical with the inclusion of behavior, and the optimization approaches of behavioral ecology cannot be used when future conditions are unpredictable due to feedbacks from the behavior of other individuals. This book provides a comprehensive introduction to state- and prediction-based theory, or SPT, a powerful new approach to modeling trade-off behaviors in contexts such as individual-based population models where feedbacks and variability make optimization impossible. This book features a wealth of examples that range from highly simplified behavior models to complex population models in which individuals make adaptive trade-off decisions about habitat and activity selection in highly heterogeneous environments. The book explains how SPT builds on key concepts from the state-based dynamic modeling theory of behavioral ecology, and how it combines explicit predictions of future conditions with approximations of a fitness measure to represent how individuals make good—not optimal—decisions that they revise as conditions change. The resulting models are realistic, testable, adaptable, and invaluable for answering fundamental questions in ecology and forecasting ecological outcomes of real-world scenarios.

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Nijhout, H. Frederik, e Emily Laub. The role of hormones. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797500.003.0004.

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Many behaviors of insects are stimulated, modified, or modulated by hormones. The principal hormones involved are the same as the ones that control moulting, metamorphosis, and other aspects of development, principally ecdysone and juvenile hormone. In addition, a small handful of neurosecretory hormones are involved in the control of specific behaviors. Because behavior is a plastic trait, this chapter begins by outlining the biology and hormonal control of phenotypic plasticity in insects, and how the hormonal control of behavior fits in with other aspects of the control of phenotypic plasticity. The rest of the chapter is organized around the diversity of behaviors that are known to be controlled by or affected by hormones. These include eclosion and moulting behavior, the synthesis and release of pheromones, migration, parental care, dominance, reproductive behavior, and social behavior.

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25

Paige, Colleen. The Good Behavior Book for Dogs: The Most Annoying Dog Behaviors... Solved! Quarry Books, 2007.

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26

(Editor), David L. Clark, e Nashaat N. Boutros (Editor), eds. The Brain and Behavior: An Introduction to Behavioral Neuroanatomy. Blackwell Publishers, 1999.

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27

Clark, David L. The Brain and Behavior: An Introduction to Behavioral Neuroanatomy. Cambridge University Press, 2018.

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28

To know and to love god, Nashaat Boutros e Mario Mendez. The Brain and Behavior: An Introduction to Behavioral Neuroanatomy. 2^a ed. Cambridge University Press, 2005.

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29

Jr, Louis Howell. Forensic Behavioral Analysis. Criminal Behavior and the Justice System. GRIN Verlag GmbH, 2015.

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30

To know and to love god. The Brain and Behavior: An Introduction to Behavioral Neuroanatomy. 2^a ed. Cambridge University Press, 2005.

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31

Skiba, Alexandre, e Hilla Skiba. Institutional Investors. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190269999.003.0004.

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A large body of behavioral finance literature focuses on the behavioral biases of individual investors in their trading choices. The research shows that sophistication is related to the level at which these behavioral biases influence investors’ trading choices. This chapter reviews the literature on institutional investors’ trading behavior and finds that, consistent with the level of investor sophistication, institutional investors are less subject to the common behavioral biases. However, some behavioral biases are also present in institutional trading, and more so among less sophisticated practitioners. Evidence also shows that institutional investors engage in some trading choices such as herding, momentum trading, and under-diversification, which could be symptoms of behavioral biases. Based on the reviewed research, these trading behaviors are not value reducing. Overall, evidence indicates that institutional investors are less subject to behavioral biases, making markets more efficient.

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32

Han, Shihui. Cultural diversity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198743194.003.0001.

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Chapter 1 provides a brief overview of cultural differences in human behavior by giving examples of human behaviors in East Asian and Western societies. It reviews the concept of culture used by psychologists, anthropologists, and philosophers, introduces several dimensions of culture, and emphasizes shared beliefs and behavioral scripts as the key components of culture that influence human behavior. It also reviews cross-cultural psychological research that has revealed differences in multiple cognitive processes including perception, attention, memory, causal attribution, and self-reflection between individuals in East Asian and Western cultures. It gives an overview of cultural neuroscience studies that employ brain imaging techniques to reveal neural mechanisms underlying cultural differences in human behavior and mental processes.

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33

Ettougani, Khalid. Behavioral Schools and Its Effect on Modifying the Behavior of the Individual: Behavior Modification Techniques. Independently Published, 2022.

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34

Schmidt III, Henry, e André M. Ivanoff. Behavior management plans. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0050.

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The processes in behavior management include many strategies and methods found in sound cognitive-behavioral clinical practice. Broadly speaking, we define behavior management as the point of interaction between staff and inmate patients within the facility (or any other location in which they work together). It is always occurring, although not always planful or well-executed. A behavior management plan (BMP) takes into consideration staff abilities, specific characteristics of the unit, and the capacity of the patient for whom the plan is developed. A well-constructed BMP specifies who will do what, for whom, and in what contexts. Behavior management plans are most often developed and implemented for behaviors that pose high risk to inmate or staff health within the facility, or high risk to disrupt the safety and programming within the facility. We distinguish ‘behavior management’, which we define as a series of interventions designed to reduce behaviors which destabilize unit or facility functioning, from ‘treatment.’ Treatment is viewed as a series of interventions designed to reduce the future frequency, intensity and/or severity of a given behavior in the unit and upon return to the community. Thus, while there may be treatment characteristics included in BMPs, the scope of the intervention is typically more limited. A BMP may focus on a particular disruptive behavior in the unit, for instance, without any consideration of whether the behavior may occur in the community following release. In this chapter we review concepts related to behavior management and the creation of behavior management plans.

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35

Song, Zhaoli, Shu Hua Sun e Xian Li. Job-Search Behavior of the Unemployed: A Dynamic Perspective. Editado por Ute-Christine Klehe e Edwin van Hooft. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199764921.013.023.

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Unemployment is a major social issue in modern societies. Unemployed workers obtain reemployment mainly through their job-search activities. This chapter documents the literature on the uniqueness, antecedents, and outcomes of job-search behaviors of the unemployed. Because job-search behavior has recently been examined as a dynamic process, we summarize theoretical models, research designs, and analytical approaches in studying job-search dynamics, particularly with regard to unemployed job seekers. We further suggest conceptualizing and empirically examining job-search as behavioral episodes to enhance our understanding of job-search dynamics.

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Reynolds, Elizabeth K., e Linda C. Mayes. Impulsivity in Adolescents. Editado por Jon E. Grant e Marc N. Potenza. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195389715.013.0132.

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Adolescence is the time between the beginning of sexual maturation and adulthood, typically bounded by the ages of 13 to 19 years. One construct that holds a central place in many theories of development and psychopathology is impulsivity. Impulsivity has been considered to play an important role in normal behavior as well as linked to several problematic behaviors that are present or arise during adolescence. Impulsivity, considered to be a multidimensional construct, has been defined and measured in a variety of ways. This chapter will discuss the definitions of impulsivity, measurement (including self-report and behavioral tasks), developmental course, behaviors and disorders in which it is implicated, and future directions.

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Boucher, C. Robin. Students in Discord. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216020745.

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Students in Discord fills a void in the professional literature concerning adolescents with emotional and behavioral disorders by providing theoretical information about psychiatric and psychological diagnoses with practical information about actual public school students who show both externalizing and internalizing disorders. In the process, the book provides understanding about disorders in childhood and adolescence and enhances understanding of federal guidelines on emotional disturbance, specifically those provided in the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act. The author provides suggested educational strategies that represent behavioral, psychological, sociological, and environmental models and that aim to both decrease undesirable behaviors and increase desirable ones. Theoretical issues covering disorders related to personality, disruptive behavior, eating, mood, anxiety, and development are illustrated by 57 adolescents whose feelings and behaviors are presented through anecdotal material, direct quotes from them and their teachers, life facts, and student writings. Additional perspectives are provided by comparing federal and practical definitional characteristics of emotional disturbance and discussing concerns about the inability of students with emotional and behavioral disorders to detach, the inclusion of socially-maladjusted students in the ED (emotionally disturbed) category, and the interrelation of emotional and behavioral disorders.

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Podsakoff, Philip M., Scott B. Mackenzie e Nathan P. Podsakoff, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190219000.001.0001.

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The purpose of this handbook is to provide a broad and interdisciplinary review of state-of-the-art research on organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs), and related constructs such as contextual performance, spontaneous organizational behavior, prosocial behavior, proactive behavior, employee voice, and counterproductive work behavior. Chapters by leading scholars in the field address: (a) the conceptualization of OCBs; (b) the distinction between these behaviors and related constructs; (c) the antecedents, correlates, and consequences of these behaviors; (d) the mechanisms through which these behaviors influence organizational success and the boundary conditions limiting these effects; and (e) the methodological and measurement issues that are common when studying OCBs. In addition, this handbook has several chapters that explore the implications for managerial practice and career success. Finally, each of the chapters identifies substantive questions, methods, and issues for future research. The overarching goal of this handbook is to offer a single resource that will inform and inspire scholars, students, and practitioners of the origins of this construct, the current state of research on this topic, and potentially exciting avenues for future exploration.

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Radley, Keith C., e Evan H. Dart, eds. Handbook of Behavioral Interventions in Schools. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190843229.001.0001.

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Teachers face a number of challenges when educating students. While tasked with providing effective instruction, teachers are also required to manage student behavior. Prevalence of student problem behavior is a strong indicator of failing schools, with problem behavior being correlated with reduced academic achievement, truancy, bullying, and loss of teacher time. Given the increased focus on school and teacher accountability, there also has been an increased demand for intervention programs that may effectively reduce levels of problem behavior in school settings. Though many practices have been found to be effective in modifying behavioral trajectories, researchers have often found that evidence-based practices are underutilized in applied settings. Given that many empirically supported interventions have failed to be widely adopted, this book provides school-based personnel (in training and practice) with a thorough description of the application of behavioral interventions in schools. Interventions are described in terms of a tiered model of service delivery. For intervention strategies described, case examples are provided to illustrate application of the described strategies. Additionally, book chapters have been developed to align with the Behavior Analysis Certification Board Task List (5th ed.). The book walks trainees and practitioners through the entire process of assessment of problem behaviors to intervention and progress monitoring.

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Aiken, Leona S. Advancing Health Behavior Theory: The Interplay Among Theories of Health Behavior, Empirical Modeling of Health Behavior, and Behavioral Interventions. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195342819.013.0025.

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41

Troisi, Alfonso. Nonverbal Communication. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199393404.003.0007.

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Humans use two different means to exchange information: language and nonverbal communication. Often nonverbal signals emphasize and specify what is being said with words. Yet sometimes they collide, and the words are contradicted by what seeps through facial expression, gesture, and posture. This chapter discusses two theoretical frameworks for studying these nonverbal behaviors. The first approach (the emotional model) aims at unveiling the emotional state from facial expression and gesture. The second approach (the behavioral ecology model) analyzes the social meaning of nonverbal behavior, regardless of the emotional state of the sender of nonverbal signals. The two models are not incompatible and can be integrated to study nonverbal behavior. Yet, the behavioral ecology model explains some findings that are not accounted for by the emotional model. The final part of the chapter deals with neuropsychiatric conditions, such as Williams syndrome and prosopagnosia, that alter the encoding and decoding of nonverbal signals. The impact of these conditions on real-life social behavior can be dramatic, which shows the adaptive relevance of nonverbal communication.

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Hurd, Peter D., Justinne Guyton e Ardis Hanson. Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190238308.003.0005.

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Changing human behavior is challenging; however, having a long-term impact on the improved health of a population is a compelling reason for an increased public health commitment by individuals in pharmacy. Any of the activities that individuals and populations pursue have a direct effect on their health, from drinking clean water to breathing fresh air. Health behaviors mitigate or exacerbate chronic diseases, such as heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and stroke, and human behaviors can affect the resurgence of infectious diseases (and the emergence of new infectious diseases). Other behavioral factors, such as tobacco use, poor diet, lack of exercise, alcohol consumption, at-risk sexual behaviors, and avoidable injuries, contribute prominently to increased morbidity and mortality. This chapter addresses basic public health principles of disease prevention and health promotion, looking at consumer health education, health literacy, social media, and program design and evaluation.

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Tackett, Jennifer L., Avantè J. Smack e Kathleen W. Reardon. Examining Relational Aggression in an Individual Differences Context. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190491826.003.0010.

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Individual differences, such as normal-range personality, personality pathology, and genetics (specifically behavioral genetics), are variables or constructs that can be used to distinguish people. Individual differences have also been used to understand differences in antisocial behavior, including relational aggression, and can help inform the scientific conceptualization of this behavior. This chapter summarizes evidence for individual differences in relational aggression in three dimensions: normal-range personality, personality pathology, and behavioral genetics. Relationally aggressive behaviors are associated with normal-range personality traits, including high negative affect and low interpersonal and intrapersonal self-regulation. Relational aggression also overlaps with personality pathology. With regard to genetics, relational aggression can be explained by genetic factors and also shows substantial influences from environmental factors. Taken together, relational aggression is probably influenced by a number of internal and external factors, and individual differences research highlights potential heterogeneity in the construct.

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Latham, Gary P., e Silvia Dello Russo. The Influence of Organizational Politics on Performance Appraisal. Editado por Susan Cartwright e Cary L. Cooper. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199234738.003.0017.

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Political behaviors in organizations consist of self-serving actions taken by an individual or group. They are directed toward the goal of furthering one's own self-interest without regard for the wellbeing of others in the organization. Such actions are informal and, as part of an organization's culture, regulate interpersonal relationships. The fact that the politics inherent in organizational behavior affect an employee's appraisal was noted more than a quarter of a century ago by behavioral scientists. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of systematic research on this subject. Thus, the purpose of this article is fourfold. First, the phenomenon of organizational politics is described. Second, studies on the relationship between political behavior and appraising employees are reviewed. Third, steps to minimizing its adverse effects on the appraisal of employees are outlined. Finally, a research agenda is suggested.

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Harris, Guy. The Behavior Bucks SystemTM: The Positive Parenting Approach To Get The Behaviors You Want. iUniverse, Inc., 2005.

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Törneke, Niklas, e Jonas Ramnero. ABCs of Human Behavior: Behavioral Principles for the Practicing Clinician. Context Press, 2008.

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Beeler, Jeff A., Roshan Cools, Monica Luciana, Sean B. Ostlund e Giselle Petzinger, eds. Dopamine and behavioral flexibility: the problem of modifying established behavior. Frontiers Media SA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88919-225-0.

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Törneke, Niklas, e Jonas Ramnero. ABCs of Human Behavior: Behavioral Principles for the Practicing Clinician. New Harbinger Publications, 2008.

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Zentall, Thomas R. A cognitive behaviorist approach to the study of animal behavior. 2002.

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50

Behavioral Pharmacology: Integrating the Experimental Analysis of Behavior and Neuroscience. CRC Press LLC, 2014.

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