Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Thérapie cancéreuse"
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Schmitt, Élise. "Hsp70 : une cible dans la thérapie anti-cancéreuse". Dijon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DIJOMU13.
Texto completo da fonteHSP70 is a heat shock protein overexpressed in several cancer cells. It prevents apoptosis, thereby increasing the survival of cells exposed to a wide range of lethal stimuli. These protective functions of HSP70 involve its interaction with and neutralization of Apaf-1, implicated in caspase activation, and AIF, involved in caspase-independent cell death. We have shown that a peptide containing the AIF sequence involved in its interaction with HSP70, binds to and neutralizes HSP70 in the cytosol, thereby sensitizing cancer cells to apoptosis induced by a variety of death stimuli. The expression of ADD70 in tumor cells decreases their tumorigenicity in syngeneic animals without affecting their growth in immunodeficient animals. In addition, ADD70 sensitizes rat colon cancer cells and mouse melanoma cells to the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin. Altogether, these data indicate the potential interest of targeting the HSP70 interaction with AIF for cancer therapy
Frutoso, Marie. "RLI et agonistes, enjeux pour la thérapie anti-cancéreuse". Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT4005.
Texto completo da fonteIL-15 is an of interest cytokine in the immunotherapy field as it participates to the regulation of the activation and the proliferation of NK and CD8 T cells that are essential for tumor eradication. In this study, we first investigated the anti-‐tumor potential of an IL15 agonist called RLI, fused to the Fc fragment of a human IgG1 in order to improve its half-‐life in vivo (Fc-‐RLI). We have shown that, this prolonged half-life allows an amplified proliferation of the immune cells. Moreover, we have shown that this quantitative augmentation of immune cells didn’t improve the therapeutic outcome of the RLI alone. We have also indicated that the dosing regimen needs to be adapted to the used tumor model. In a second part we have evaluated the NK and CD8 T cells response to a re-‐stimulation model using IL-2, IL-15 or IL-15’s agonist. We have exposed a hypo-‐responsive state of NK cells during the second stimulation and have established CD8 T cells as responsible for this defect
Martina, Marie Sophie. "Conception de magnétoliposomes furtifs pour le diagnostic et la thérapie anti-cancéreuse". Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA114831.
Texto completo da fonteA novel hybrid nanosystem, resulting from the encapsulation of iron oxid nanoparticles into stercally stabilised phospholipidic vesicles, has been realised and characterised. These socalled magnetoliposomes, revealed as excellent MRI contrast agents, could be guided towards a tumor tissue or a cerebral hemisphere thanks to an external magnetic gradient
Ferjaoui, Zied. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nanoparticules magnétiques répondantes pour des applications en thérapie cancéreuse". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0013.
Texto completo da fonteIn the frame of this PhD project, smart superparamagnetic nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been developed for a further use as a drug platform for cancer therapy. These nanoparticles of core / shell type are obtained from the functionalization of a core based on Fe3-δO4 by a co- polymer obtained from the surface-initiated polymerization of a mixture xMEO2MA and yOEGMA (x + y = 1). Once their structures and their colloidal behavior in water and in-vitro perfectly characterized as well as the demonstration of their thermo-responsive properties, studies of encapsulation and release of an anti-cancer drug, the doxorubicin (DOX) at physiological temperatures were successfully obtained. In-vitro studies showed the non- cytotoxicity of the nanoparticles, but when the cancer cells were in contact the DOX-loaded NPs, the cytotoxicity was increased. To induce the targeting of ovarian cancer (SKOV3 cells) and the enhancement of the internalization of nanoparticles in cells, we have functionalized the previous nanoparticles with folic acid as these last cells over-express receptors that bind folate α (FR-α ). The combination of different macroscopic and nanometric scale characterization techniques allowed us to conclude that our systems are capable of encapsulating DOX, releasing it in a specific manner and at a controlled rate and that they exhibit hyperthermia properties. We have then contributed to successfully develop new third generation vectors for cancer therapy
Gibert, Benjamin. "La protéine de stress Hsp27 / HspB1, une cible de choix en thérapie anti-cancéreuse". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00733751.
Texto completo da fonteDhaini, Batoul. "Élaboration de nanoparticules adressées pour une thérapie photodynamique anti-cancéreuse activée par rayons X". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/ulprive/DDOC_T_2022_0177_DHAINI.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteCancer therapies (radiotherapy, chemotherapy, etc.), although very effective, have side effects. Today, photodynamic therapy (PDT) represents a real option in the world of cancer therapy. Under the action of light, a photo-activatable molecule called a photosensitizer is able to transfer its energy to the surrounding oxygen to induce the formation of reactive oxygen species capable of destroying cancer cells. PDT treatment of some primary and metastatic tumors has shown very encouraging results. The limitations of PDT are the low penetration of light into the tissues and the lack of selectivity of most photosensitizers currently used in the clinic.A relatively new approach, called X-PDT, is to use X-rays instead of UV-visible light to overcome the shallow penetration depth of visible light into tissue. Upon exposure to ionizing X-rays, nanoscintillators transfer their energy to PSs, which are then activated and can initiate PDT action. In this thesis, we have developed nanoscintillators based on AGuIX nanoparticles containing Gadolinium or Terbium chelates. Rose Bengal (RB) was covalently coupled to AGuIX. To specifically target NRP-1, a membrane receptor overexpressed on endothelial cells, a peptide was also coupled (DKPPR or another sequence).The photophysical study of these new nanoparticles allowed us to confirm that there is an energy transfer between the chelated lanthanide and the Rose Bengal under illumination or excitation by X-rays. We have shown that the Rose Bengal produces oxygen singlet capable of destroying cancer cells. The peptide, even coupled to the nanoparticles, retains its ability to target NRP-1
Varet, Julia. "Etude physiopathologique de l’angiogenèse et de sa régulation pharmacologique en pathologies vasculaire et cancéreuse". Rouen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ROUES002.
Texto completo da fonteThe aim of my study was about physio-pathological angiogenesis and its pharmacological regulation by chemicals drugs or by gene therapy. Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones. It is a physiological process tightly regulated, which occurs for example during healing. However, angiogenesis is also critically involved in several pathologies, such as cancer. Indeed, angiogenesis is implicated in tumor growth as well as dissemination of metastases. In addition, angiogenesis is also involved in atherosclerotic plaque development and weakening, responsible for acute vascular ischemic events. The first part of my work was a study of the effects of two pharmacological drugs on angiogenesis. Fenofibrate is a drug currently used in atherosclerotic patients to reduce triglycerides levels. Its clinical benefits seem to be higher than those expected for its activity on lipid mefer genes coding for anti-angiogenic molecules : tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase type-2 (TIMP-2) and angiostatin. We have also tested a new strategy to inhibit the aggressiveness of cancerous cells and tumoral angiogenesis, using RNA interference, to specifically inhibit GTPases RhoA and RhoC, involved in cellular proliferation and invasivity. This study shows the interest to use SiRNA in therapy in vivo and the importance of the specificity in the inhibition of a therapeutic target. This is a fundamental and physiopathologic work on angiogenesis and its pharmacological regulation, in classical therapeutic and in gene therapy, particularly in vascular and cancerous pathologies
Delloye, Bourgeois Céline. "Implication des récepteurs à dépendance dans le processus tumoral : mécanismes et exploitation en thérapie anti-cancéreuse". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10107.
Texto completo da fonteDependence receptors share the common property of inducing two types of signaling according to their ligand availability. In presence of their ligand, they induce a positive signal allowing cell survival whereas in its absence, they induce cell death by apoptosis. These receptors thus create cellular states of dependence on the ligands. Dependence receptors dual functionality plays a major role both during the embryonic development and in the regulation of tissue homeostasis in adult. Indeed, apoptosis induced by dependence receptors would be a safeguard mechanism that restricts tumor escape by eliminating cells that would proliferate or migrate in settings of ligand limited availability. A potential selective advantage for a tumor cell would then be to loose this apoptotic signaling, either through a loss of the receptor apoptotic function or through an autocrine gain of the ligand expression. Dependence receptors DCC (Deleted in Colorectal Cancer) and UNC5 (Uncoordinated-5 homolog) that share the same ligand, netrin-1, thus behave as tumor suppressors which expression is frequently decreased in many types of cancers. Here we show that netrin-1 is overexpressed in a significant fraction of Non Small Cell Lung Cancers, aggressive neuroblastoma, and colorectal cancers associated with inflammatory diseases which confers tumor cells a selective advantage by blocking DCC and UNC5-induced apoptosis. During developmental angiogenesis, we also show that netrin-1 promotes endothelial cells survival by blocking UNC5B-induced cell death. Thus, inhibiting the interaction between netrin-1 and its receptors could represent an innovative anti-tumor therapeutic strategy that would restore apoptosis both in tumor cells and in vessels that feed the tumor. This is the reason why we also got interested in Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) ligand, that is overexpressed in many different types of cancers, and that binds the dependence receptor Patched1 (PTC1) but also other transmembrane receptors such as CDO (Cell adhesion molecule Downregulated by Oncogenes). We show here that CDO is a new dependence receptor of SHH, and that this relationship is involved in both developmental and tumorigenic processes. Thus, this work gives a more precise view of the dependence receptors concept and opens the way on the conception of new anti-tumor therapies that would target the interaction between dependence receptors and their ligands
Kaliski, Alexandre. "La microphysiologie cancéreuse et sa modulation temporo-spatiale par les rayonnements ionisants associés à une thérapie ciblée". Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA11T091.
Texto completo da fonteCapietto, Aude-Hélène. "Immunothérapie anti-cancéreuse et lymphocytes T-Vgamma9Vdelta2 : stratégies contre l'échappement tumoral". Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/996/.
Texto completo da fontePhosphoantigen-stimulated human TCR-Vgamma9Vdelta2 gamma eltaT lymphocytes exert a potent antitumor cytolysis. Their activity is currently assessed in several clinical trials of cancer immunotherapies. Some cancers and their microenvironment produce suppressive molecules however, which might contribute to tumor escape. This PhD thesis deals with the contribution of TGF-beta to cancer immunoevasion, and means to avoid it. We show that the combination of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies to lymphocytes activated TCR-Vgamma9Vdelta2 gamma delta T cells improves anti-tumoral immunologically-mediated killing and may counter TGF-beta-mediated immunosuppression. We illustrate this concept of targeted therapeutic combination in a murine model of Her2/neu mammary carcinoma xenografts. Together, our results demonstrate the potential of such therapeutic strategies in cancer
Grenet, Christophe. "Efficacité du transfert de gènes du TIMP-2, de l'IL-10 et de leur association dans la thérapie anti-angiogénique et anti-cancéreuse". Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066147.
Texto completo da fonteDiebold, Simon. "Contribution à la définition d'une dosimétrie laser en thérapie photo-dynamique anti-cancéreuse : protocoles expérimentaux, mesures automatisées, modélisation associée". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPL034N.
Texto completo da fonteBalencie, Jérémy. "Synthèse de nanoparticules photocatalytiques activables par rayons X pour la mise au point d'une nouvelle thérapie anti-cancéreuse par voie physique". Paris, ENMP, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ENMP1513.
Texto completo da fonteFoloppe, Johann. "Construction et évaluation de différents mutants du virus de la vaccine exprimant un gène suicide dans la cadre d'une thérapie anti-cancéreuse". Strasbourg 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR13177.
Texto completo da fonteRecombinant thymidine kinase-deleted vaccinia virus vector targets tumor tissue after systemic delivery, making it ideal for a tumor-directed enzyme/prodrug approach. We have generated a tk-deficient recombinant expressing the suicide gene FCU1 which catalyses the direct conversion of the nontoxic 5-fluorocytosine into toxic metabolites. This vaccinia virus demonstrated a significant tumor regression after systemic injection in combination with administration of 5-FC. Moreover, to enhance the safety and efficacy of this vector, deletion of other genes was combined with thymidine kinase gene deletion. We evaluated in vivo the therapeutic efficacy after intravenous injection in nude mice bearing subcuteanous human tumors and we compared the toxicity between single and double-deleted viruses. The results of this study demonstrate that double-deleted viruses are capable of selective tumor replication and are significantly less pathogenic than the single-deleted virus
Jing, Jing. "Conception et évaluation de systèmes transporteurs de principes actifs hydrophobes à base de polysaccharides modifiés : vers de nouvelles approches pour la thérapie anti-cancéreuse". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00949208.
Texto completo da fonteMohd, Gazzali Amirah. "Conception de photosensibilisateurs conjugués ciblant le récepteur Neuropiline-1 ou le récepteur à l'acide folique pour l'amélioration de la sélectivité de la thérapie photodynamique anti-cancéreuse". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0122/document.
Texto completo da fontePhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a type of cancer therapy that could offer many advantages. One possible way to improve the effectiveness of PDT is the elaboration of third generation photosensitizers (PSs) which consisted of PSs coupled with targeting agents. This thesis focuses on improving the selectivity of PS delivery through designing targeted PS agents. The first part of the thesis deals with the study of a PS-folic acid (PS-FA). FA is a well-known targeting unit which bonds with high efficiency to folic acid receptor over-expressed on the surface of many cancer cells. We particularly checked the stability of folic acid under the influence of environmental factors. The second part is devoted to the study of KDKPPR peptide designed to target neuropilin-1, a receptor over-expressed in neovessels. Several modifications of the peptide were made and the analogues were tested through ELISA assays to evaluate their binding capability following the modifications. The third part of the thesis is related to the synthesis of porphyrin and peptide building blocks through click chemistry technique to form multiple conjugates with different numbers of porphyrins and peptides attached to the platforms
Wei, Tuo. "Systèmes innovants de délivrance de médicaments basés sur des nanomicelles pour le traitement du cancer". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4031.
Texto completo da fontePoor tumor penetration and high toxicity of anticancer drugs, together with the developed drug resistance constitute challenging hurdles for cancer therapy. The application of nanotechnology for anticancer drug delivery is expected to address these issues and bring new hope for cancer treatment. In the first part of my PhD thesis, we used a new tumor-penetrating peptide, CRGDK, to conjugate onto the surface of doxorubicin encapsulated DSPE-PEG2000 nanomicelles. The CRGDK peptide conjugated on the nanomicelles triggered specific binding to Nrp-1 receptors, leading to enhanced cellular uptake and anticancer activity in vitro. The in vivo results further confirmed that the CRGDK-decorated nanomicelles could efficiently accumulate and penetrate into deeper tumors. In the second part of my PhD thesis, we established an original nanomicellar drug delivery system based on an amphiphilic dendrimer (AmDM), which could generate supramolecular micelles to effectively encapsulate the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) with high drug loading capacity (> 40%), thanks to the unique dendritic structure creating large void space for drug accommodation. The resulting AmDM/DOX nanomicelles are able to specifically accumulate at tumor sites via EPR effect and penetrate deeper into tumor tissues thanks to their small size. Most importantly, these nanomicelles exhibit significantly improved anticancer activity and reduced systemic toxicity, and are very effective even towards drug resistant cancers by virtue of their macropinocytotic cell uptake mechanism and their ability to bypass cell drug efflux pumps
Wei, Tuo. "Systèmes innovants de délivrance de médicaments basés sur des nanomicelles pour le traitement du cancer". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4031.
Texto completo da fontePoor tumor penetration and high toxicity of anticancer drugs, together with the developed drug resistance constitute challenging hurdles for cancer therapy. The application of nanotechnology for anticancer drug delivery is expected to address these issues and bring new hope for cancer treatment. In the first part of my PhD thesis, we used a new tumor-penetrating peptide, CRGDK, to conjugate onto the surface of doxorubicin encapsulated DSPE-PEG2000 nanomicelles. The CRGDK peptide conjugated on the nanomicelles triggered specific binding to Nrp-1 receptors, leading to enhanced cellular uptake and anticancer activity in vitro. The in vivo results further confirmed that the CRGDK-decorated nanomicelles could efficiently accumulate and penetrate into deeper tumors. In the second part of my PhD thesis, we established an original nanomicellar drug delivery system based on an amphiphilic dendrimer (AmDM), which could generate supramolecular micelles to effectively encapsulate the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) with high drug loading capacity (> 40%), thanks to the unique dendritic structure creating large void space for drug accommodation. The resulting AmDM/DOX nanomicelles are able to specifically accumulate at tumor sites via EPR effect and penetrate deeper into tumor tissues thanks to their small size. Most importantly, these nanomicelles exhibit significantly improved anticancer activity and reduced systemic toxicity, and are very effective even towards drug resistant cancers by virtue of their macropinocytotic cell uptake mechanism and their ability to bypass cell drug efflux pumps
Paganin-Gioanni, Aurélie. "Imagerie de fluorescence d'événements moléculaires et cellulaires associés au cancer au sein d'animaux vivants". Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/644/.
Texto completo da fonteFluorescent imaging allows one to monitor spatio-temporal fluorescent events occurring in cells, tissue or living animals and defined in time and space. The development of its use for detecting cancerous cells lies in part in the advancement of probes designed to target and detect. The first axis of my thesis work therefore concerns the evolution of fluorescent probes for the diagnosis of cancer cells in vivo. The second axis will evolve around the study of the transfer of therapeutic molecules in vitro and in vivo to tumoral cells via electropermeabilization. Firstly, the main objective is to develop a "smart molecule" for detecting cancer cells in living organisms by non-invasive fluorescent imaging. Our strategy is based on the use of branched organic molecules called dendrimers, which among their multiple functions allow targeting and detection. In collaboration with Dr. Majoral's team, we attempted to bind several tumour markers to various fluorescent dyes, in order to increase their specificity for B16F10 cancer cells and their signal to noise ratio for detection in vivo. Unfortunately, the chemical nature of dendrimers did not allow us to obtain a functional molecule. Indeed, as they are only soluble in the presence of a high quantity of organic solvent, we encountered a number of problems, due to the denaturing of the biological probes (antibodies) during the binding reaction. In parallel, a variety of non functional dendrimers (cationic, anionic, neutral and fluorescent) were tested on cells in order to determine the most viable candidate for use in vivo. However, we identified problems with the stability of the fluorescence and the toxicity. To solve these issues, with the assistance of a team of chemists, we developed dendrimers bearing polyethylene glycol to enable their dissolution in aqueous environments and make them biocompatible. As these are not cytotoxic, this approach will allow us to elaborate a dendrimer that is functional in an aqueous environment. .
Marchione, Roberta. "Vectorisation de molécules biologiques par la protéine ZEBRA du Virus Epstein-Barr : applications en thérapie humaine". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENS034/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn recent years, the understanding of disease molecular mechanisms has led to the identification of genes and proteins that are altered in disease state and many therapeutic targets have been found located within cells. The protective and hydrophobic nature of plasma membrane prevents therapeutic drugs from entering cells. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) or protein transduction domains (PTDs) have emerged as a group of non-invasive delivery vectors for various hydrophilic macromolecules, and several in vitro and in vivo applications as pharmaceutical carriers have been reported. A novel cell-penetrating peptide deriving from the Epstein-Barr virus ZEBRA transcription factor has been recently characterized in our laboratory. A reductionist study of full-length ZEBRA protein has allowed to identify the amino acid region (named as Minimal Domain, MD) implicated in cellular uptake. This peptide is able to cross the mammalian cell membranes via a direct translocation mechanism even when fused to cargo molecules such as eGFP reporter protein. The direct penetration mechanism represents a great advantage for therapeutic applications as the cargo molecules can be directly delivered into cells cytoplasm in a biological active form. The aim of this thesis is to explore the cell-penetrating properties of the MD peptide and evaluate its applications as therapeutic protein delivery system. This work is structured in three parts.The first part describes the study on the optimization of MD peptide sequence by size-reduction and the evaluation of its amino acid composition role in the translocation process across the cell membrane. This study has led to the identification of a shorter MD sequence (MD11) with unvaried mechanism of translocation. The second section describes a MD11-based therapeutic approach aiming at repair a dysfunction of the protein synthesis identified in most cancers. The regulation of the protein synthesis has a crucial role in governing the eukaryotic cell growth and subtle defects in the translational machinery can alter the cellular physiology and lead to cell malignancy. Among the different factors intervening in the regulation of this process, the eukaryotic initiation factor 3 (eIF3) contributes to oncogenesis and maintenance of the cancer state. This complex is composed of 13 subunits (designated eIF3 a-m). The expression of eIF3 subunits is altered in several cancers, and in particular the f subunit (eIF3f) is significantly down-regulated in pancreas, vulva, breast, melanoma, ovary and small intestine tumors. The eIF3f ectopic expression by transient gene transfection inhibits cellular protein synthesis and induces apoptosis in melanoma and pancreatic cancer cells. Starting from these observations, we developed an innovative therapeutic approach for cancer treatment in which the missing eIF3f protein is produced in vitro in fusion to MD11, and delivered to cells. These results have demonstrated that the MD11- based eIF3f transfer system may represent a powerful strategy to suppress the tumor-cell proliferation. The last part of this thesis explores the cell-penetrating property of MD11 in yeast cells, and in particular in the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans. The presented results demonstrate the versatility of MD11, functioning as vectors in both yeast and mammalian cells and as carrier for proteins with biological activity.The MD11 potential as protein delivery system is evident; however some improvements regarding the fusion protein formulation and in vivo studies should be realized to validate the effectiveness of its therapeutic application
Grockowiak, Élodie. "Role of the Bone Morphogenetic Proteins pathway in tyrosine kinase inhibitors resistance in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1253.
Texto completo da fonteChronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm caused by the expression of the oncogenic protein kinase, BCR-ABL. The Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKI) specifics of BCR-ABL kinase dramatically changed the outcome of CML, turning a life-threatening disease into a chronic illness. However, TKI are not yet curative since most CML patients still retain progenitors and leukemic stem cells (LSC) in bone marrow permanently. Thus, approximately 60% of patients that achieve Complete Molecular Remission =2 years relapse following TKI withdraw. Moreover, some patients develop true resistance to TKI, with ~30% due to unknown mechanisms. In chronic phase CML (CP-CML), LSC survive, sustain interactions with their niche where resistance mechanisms can occur, responsible for disease persistence and relapse following treatment cessation. In normal bone marrow, Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMP) pathway regulate the fate and proliferation of normal hematopoietic stem cells, as well as interactions with their niche. The deregulations of this pathway drive early steps of CML development. In newly diagnosed CP-CML patients, high concentration of BMP2/4 in the leukemic niche allows LSC maintenance and sustains a permanent pool of leukemic progenitors expressing elevated levels of BMPR1b receptor. Here, we report that alterations of the BMP pathway persist in TKI-CML resistant patients. As compared to patients in Complete Cytogenetic Remission (CCyR), cells isolated from TKI-resistant patients display a high level of BMPR1b expression in immature cells and high levels of BMP2/4 in bone marrow, provided by the niche and by the leukemic immature cells themselves. BMP allow leukemic stem cells resistance to treatments through binding to BMPR1b. Interestingly, BMP2/4-treated cells overexpressed TWIST-1, a transcription factor that we previously identified as a predictive factor of CML resistance
Laplane, Lucie. "Cellules souches cancéreuses : ontologie et thérapies". Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100119/document.
Texto completo da fonteA new theory of cancer has recently gained importance in the scientific community. According to this theory, cancers develop from a particular sub-population of cancer cells, named “cancer stem cells” (CSCs). The proponents of the CSC theory argue that relapses are caused by CSCs because they escape classical therapies. Consequently, they claim that eliminating all the CSCs of a given cancer is a necessary and sufficient condition to cure the patient. In this dissertation, I scrutinize this therapeutic strategy and I argue that its ability to cure cancers will depend on our understanding of the nature of stemness. Indeed, cancer stem cells are characterized by this property, that is, the capacity to self-renew and to differentiate. However, the nature of stemness is rather obscure. Is it a categorical property or a disposition? Can a non-stem cell (cancerous or not) acquire stemness, and under which conditions? On the basis of analysis survey of the scientific literature, I distinguish four possible concepts of the nature of stemness. I contend that if the CSC theory is true, determining the exact nature of stemness is essential for cancers treatments
Salvador, Marion. "Régulation épigénétique des cellules souches cancéreuses mammaires : un nouveau rôle pour l'ARN non-codant Xist". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5078.
Texto completo da fonteThese last decades have allowed deciphering the biology of breast cancer and improving the therapeutic management. However, recurrence and metastatic progression of the disease are still not curable. The concept of cancer stem cells (CSC) could provide an explanation for these failures. CSC would resist conventional therapies (chemotherapy, radiotherapy) and would be responsible for both relapse and progression of cancer. The elimination of CSC seems to be an essential prerequisite for the treatment of patients. The identity and fate of stem cells are tightly regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. The work of this thesis investigated the consequences of deregulation of two epigenetic players: HDAC enzymes and long non-coding RNA Xist. We have shown that epigenetic modulation via HDAC inhibitor (HDACi) eliminates the CSC by inducing their differentiation. We present a new therapeutic strategy for breast cancer: differentiation therapy. We determined Xist as the predictive biomarker of response to HDACi. Xist is a key partner of cell plasticity, the work of this thesis therefore interested in the consequences of Xist deregulation in tumor initiation. We observed that Xist inhibition promotes division of normal breast stem cells. We propose a new model of tumor initiation: epigenetic deregulation is an early change without consequence on tissue homeostasis but could be the first step of the cancerous transformation
Destouches, Damien. "Ciblage de la nucléoline de surface par les pseudopeptides NucAnts dans l’inhibition de la croissance tumorale et de l’angiogenèse associée". Thesis, Paris Est, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PEST0045.
Texto completo da fonteThe cancer research is nowadays interested in targeting therapies. In this context, nucleolin and nucleophosmin are proteins highly involved in tumor growth and angiogenesis and over-expressed in activated endothelial and tumor cells. So, they appear as very promising targets. The pseudopeptide HB-19 binds to cell surface-expressed nucleolin, inhibits different tumor cell growth and induces cell death by apoptosis. Furthermore, it inhibits, in vitro and in vivo, several steps of angiogenesis. These two activities lead, in vivo, to the suppression of tumor growth and angiogenesis in several mice models. In order to improve the activities observed with HB-19, new compounds derived from HB-19 were synthesized. So, NucAnt 6L (N6L) show 5 to 10 fold stronger anti-tumoral activity than HB- 19 depending of the model. Study of their action mechanism allowed us to identify two new receptors: nucleophosmin and heparan sulfates. The importance of TIMP-3 in anti-metastatic activity has also been highlighted. Finally, no toxicity has been observed in mice treated with N6L which can easily industrially be synthesized. N6L appears to be a promising compound for anti-cancer therapies
Lemay, Rosalie. "Développement de nouveaux radiosensibilisateurs bromés pour la thérapie des cellules cancéreuses du sein". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2006. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/3853.
Texto completo da fonteBenzekry, Sébastien. "Modélisation, analyse mathématique de thérapies anti-cancéreuses pour les cancers métastatiques". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10094/document.
Texto completo da fonteWe introduce a mathematical model for the evolution of a cancer disease at the organism scale, taking into account for the metastases and their sizes as well as action of several therapies such as primary tumor surgery, chemotherapy and anti-angiogenic therapy. The mathematical problem is a renewal equation with bi-dimensional structuring variable. Mathematical analysis and functional analysis of an underlying Sobolev space are performed. Existence, uniqueness, regularity and asymptotic behavior of the solutions are proven in the autonomous case. A lagrangian numerical scheme is introduced and analyzed. Convergence of this scheme proves existence in the non-autonomous case. The effect of concentration of the boundary data into a Dirac mass is also investigated.Possible applications of the model are numerically illustrated for clinical issues such as the failure of anti-angiogenic monotherapies, scheduling of combined cytotoxic and anti-angiogenic therapies and metronomic chemotherapies. In order to give mathematical answers to these clinical problems an optimal control problem is formulated, analyzed and simulated
Bernhard, Chloé. "Hétérogénéité moléculaire et métabolique des gliomes de haut grade : applications à l’évaluation de nouvelles thérapies". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAJ002.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis focuses on characterizing the molecular and metabolic heterogeneity of glioblastomas (GB). We identified seven distinct subclasses of GB, each characterized by unique regulatory activities, as well as by specific molecular and biological characteristics. Integrating transcriptomic, metabolomic and extracellular flux analyses, along with the evaluation of specific regulatory activities, we characterized the heterogeneity of GB stem cells (GSC) and their plasticity depending on their cellular state (stem, differentiated) or the microenvironment (normoxia, hypoxia, chemotherapy). The assessment of their sensitivity to temozolomide revealed an intrinsic resistance in glycolytic GSC and the emergence of acquired resistance in response to environmental stimuli. Our findings highlight the importance of targeting autophagy and oxidative stress to overcome chemotherapy resistance, and reinforce the need for personalized therapeutic approaches adapted to the heterogeneity and plasticity of GB
Godier, Claire. "Développement de cancer sur puce : application au cancer du pancréas". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0164.
Texto completo da fontePancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is considered one of the most aggressive forms of pancreatic cancer. Due to the limitations of traditional preclinical models in simulating the complexity of the tumor microenvironment, a failure rate more than 90% is observed for new therapeutic molecules. To overcome this shortcoming, it has become necessary to enrich preclinical models by adding a third dimension. Although models such as spheroids and organoids have been introduced, their reproducibility and cost remain problematic. 3D bioprinting has thus emerged as a promising alternative, offering enhanced reproducibility thanks to its computer assisted process, precise architectural control and ease of use. However, its application in PDAC modeling remains limited. Another crucial factor for tumor modeling is the consideration of dynamic conditions, such as physiological flow. Microfluidic systems, designed for cancer-on-a-chip engineering, have emerged as an effective solution to address this dimension. This thesis explores the development and application of 3D bioprinting and microfluidic technologies for the creation of models more faithful to the in vivo conditions encountered during tumor development. As a first step, 3D bioprinting was used to elaborate the tumor structure. A hydrogel composed of gelatin and sodium alginate was formulated, and pancreatic cancer cells (Panc-1) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (MeWo) were incorporated. The bioprinted tumor model was then characterized using various techniques to validate its viability and biological relevance. Its response to gemcitabine and its behavior after the addition of immune cells were also evaluated. Next, the bioprinted tumor model was integrated into a microfluidic device, enabling tissue culture under physiological flow. The results highlight the advantages of 3D bioprinting for PDAC modeling and underscore the potential of microfluidic systems for studying dynamic interactions within the tumor microenvironment. These findings pave the way for future research into the characterization of bioprinted structures and the resolution of technical challenges associated with microfluidic systems, with the aim of improving the accuracy and efficiency of models for the development of new cancer therapies
Di, Stasio Benoît. "Etude de nouveaux photosensibilisants pour des applications en Thérapie Photodynamique". Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPL069N/document.
Texto completo da fonteDerived of porphyrins are tetrapyrrolic macrocycles involved in several redox processes. These compounds are used for different biological applications, like photodynamic therapy (PDT). Many teams in the world seek to synthesize compounds able to directly recognize specifically and (by targeting) or indirectly (by vectorization) cancer cells. These compounds are known as of 3rd generation. We are involved in the synthesis and the biological evaluation of tetrapyrrolic compounds associated to recognition and/or transport agents such as sugars or RGD-like peptide sequences. These moieties allow a specific recognition of the cancerous cells, via the lectins for the sugar moieties and the integrins for the RGD type moieties, respectively. Within the framework of an European Cost-Chemistry program entitled "New mo/ecu/ar systems with therapeutic applications in photodynamic therapy of cancer and microbia/ infections", we also studied the photophysical properties of photosensitizers synthesized by a Rumanian team
Dhez, Anne-Chloé. "Thérapie ciblée des glioblastomes via l'internalisation d'une toxine grâce à des biopolymères dirigés à la surface des cellules cancéreuses". Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC0026/document.
Texto completo da fonteTargeted cancer therapies are drugs designed to interfere with specific molecules necessary for tumor growth and progression. Traditional cytotoxic chemotherapies usually kill rapidly dividing cells in the body by interfering with cell division. A primary goal of targeted therapies is to fight cancer cells with more precision and potentially fewer side effects.Antibody-based therapy for cancer has become established over the past 15 years and is now one of the most successful and important targeted strategies. In some cases, monoclonal antibodies are conjugated to radio-isotopes or toxins (immunotoxin) to allow specific delivery of these cytotoxic agents to the intended cancer cell target. Furthermore thargeted therapies may be based also on the use of targeting molecues other than antibodies, such as peptides, growth factors, and also nucleic acids.Indeed, in this work we studyed a multi targeting strategy to deliver toxic substances (protein toxin or its gene) to cancer cells (glioblastoma).Our group published a paper describing the use of PDZ protein domain of hCASK (serine kinase calcium/calmodulin-dependent of MAGUK family) and to exploit the ability of this protein to bind to the C-terminus of hCD98 in the extracellular space. CD98 is an interesting target because it is overexpressed in different types of tumors (Giansanti F., 2015). hCASK-PDZ was genetically fused to the toxin saporin and this chimeric toxin proved to be active on glioblastoma cells in vitro.Other cell killing agents were designed to recognize and bind specifically nucleolin (NCL). This multifunctional protein is overexpressed on the surface of activated endothelial and tumor cells. In this context, compounds targeting NCL, such an aptamer, and a multivalent pseudopeptide, have been developed and investigated for cancer therapy.The aptamer against NCL, NCL-APT also known as AS1411 (Antisoma, UK), is a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved NCL targeting agent. It binds to NCL on the cell surface, preferentially gets internalized, and inhibits cancer cell growth sparing normal cells (Bates PJ, 2009).In parallel, our group, recently developed a multivalent synthetic pseudopeptide N6L that selectively binds to nucleolin (Destouches D., 2011). N6L strongly inhibits breast cancer growth by inducing apoptosis of tumor cells and is currently in preparation for phase II clinical trials (IPP-204106). We demonstrated the anti-proliferative effect of N6L on human glioblastoma cells in primary culture prepared form post-surgical specimens (Benedetti E, 2015).The overexpression of NCL on glioblastoma cell surface and the recognized selectivity of AS1411 and N6L prompted us to study a way to increase the efficiency of these ligands binding them Saporin coding gene or the protein toxin Saporin-S6, a type 1 RIP (Ribosome-Inactivating Protein) widely studied because of its potential therapeutic application in a variety of human diseases as toxic moiety of a conjugate.The characterization of the toxic activity of AS1411 linked to saporin gene (APT-SAP) and of NCL linked to saporin protein (SAP-N6L) is therefore described. Both these researches are under evaluation for publication.All the described thargeted approaches, nothwithstanding some problems, look promising and need further research, but confirm the fact that exploiting targets to deliver toxic substances is the future of therapy for cancer forms that are difficult to beat with conventional therapies
Meunier, Anne. "Évaluation in vitro de la thérapie sonodynamique sur cellules cancéreuses : automatisation d'un banc de tests, métrologie et dosimétrie associées". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPL065N.
Texto completo da fonteHirz, Taghreed. "Neutrophiles polymorphonucléaires et cancer : l'impact des neutrophiles sur la sensibilité des cellules de lymphome B aux thérapies anti-cancéreuses". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10327/document.
Texto completo da fonteWhile the role of innate immune cells on tumor progression is the object of increasing scrutiny, the role of neutrophils on sensitivity to therapy has not been previously described. To this end, we performed cocultures of freshly purified human neutrophils and different non- Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) cell lines in the presence of various cytotoxic and targeted agents. CFSE and DAPI assays were performed to assess the therapeutic effect on cell proliferation and cell death, respectively, using flow cytometry. Neutrophils and differentiated HL60 cells with neutrophil-like properties attenuated the sensitivity of lymphoma cells to anti-cancer agents both in 2D and 3D models in vitro. The protective effect of neutrophils was tested in vivo using SCID/CB17 mice inoculated with NHL cells together with neutrophils, and treated with vincristine. The co-inoculation of neutrophils reduced the sensitivity of NHL cells to chemotherapy. Similar findings were made on primary cells, purified from patients diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, exposed to cytotoxic agents or recently approved targeted agents (ibrutinib and idelalisib) in the presence of autologous neutrophils. Neutrophil-induced protection was dependent on cell-cell contact mediated by the interaction of CD11b and ICAM-1, expressed by neutrophils and B cells respectively, and by the adhesion molecule CD44. This protective effect was Mcl-1-dependent and was partially abrogated by an anti- Mcl-1 compound
Kužet, Sanya-Eduarda. "Étude du rôle de la rigidité matricielle dans la résistance des cellules de carcinomes squameux aux thérapies anti-cancéreuses". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4010.
Texto completo da fonteResistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) targeted therapy triggered by the tumor niche in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents a challenge in research and in clinics. Despite the fact that over 15% of HNSCC overexpress EGFR, HNSCC are refractory to EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs) targeted therapy and yet the molecular and cellular mechanisms of EGFR-TKIs resistance in HNSCC are unknown. The tumor niche plays an important role in conventional chemotherapeutic resistance. Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs), the most prominent stromal cell in tumor niche, participate in this process. Notably, CAFs are responsible for tumor tissue fibrosis an excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling that increases matrix stiffness. In carcinoma cells, adhesion to stiff substrate triggers mechano-dependent intracellular signaling pathways that favor tumor resistance to conventional chemotherapies. My work demonstrates that ECM stiffening is responsible for a significant increase of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) survival upon the treatment with EGFR TKIs, conventional chemotherapies and combination of both. Over 60% more cells survive treatment with the gefitinib EGFR TKI compared to cells plated on soft matrix. Same effect was observed on matrix derived from CAFs that is known to be stiffer compared to the one derived from fibroblasts isolated from normal skin. Further analysis revealed an induction of partial epidermal-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cells plated on rigid matrices. EMT is know to play a role in resistance of cancer cells to treatments, and I have demonstrated that downregulation of know transcriptional factors involved in EMT leads to an increase of cell susceptibility to EGFR TKI when plated on stiff matrix. To understand in more detail what drives the resistance of SCC cells when plated on stiff we conduced an RNA sequencing. RNA sequencing of SCC12 cells plated on soft and stiff matrix revealed AXL as main driver of EGFR TKI resistance in HNSCC. I was able to demonstrated that inhibiting AXL in SCC cells, lying on stiff matrices, reverts the EGFR TKI resistance triggered by the tumor niche. Moreover, I show in 3D cell culture the importance of combining AXL and EGFR TKI in treatment of SCCs. Our overall goal was to identify novel therapeutic targets with reduced resistance opportunity. Finally, research presented in this manuscript carries potential in establishing a prediction biomarker to the response of HNSCCs and other cancers to EGFR TKIs
Rezai, Gharahbolagh Keyvan. "Variabilité pharmacocinétique des anti-cancéreux : Application à la vinorelbine et au lapatinib". Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00717480.
Texto completo da fonteZakaria, Albatoul. "Vectorisation d'une molécule proapoptotique TRAIL par des nanotubes de carbone (NTCs) : cible thérapeutique prometteuse du cancer". Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA3018/document.
Texto completo da fonteTRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) is a protein involved in immune anti-tumor surveillance. This cytokine is able to bound specifically to agonist death receptors (TRAIL-Rl or DR4 and TRAIL-R2 or DR5) of cancer cells, inducing apoptosis without being taxie to healthy cells. Thanks to their exceptional properties such as biocompatibility, carbon nanotubes and especially single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTSs) are used in a wide range of applications and are considered to be very promising for cancer therapy in nanomedicine. The SWCNTSs are known to rapidly diffuse in aqueous media such as blood, opening the way for the development of new drug nanovectors or nanocarriers. The main purpose of this work is to functionalize SWCNTSs with TRAIL to mimic the membrane function of TRAIL by inducing a strong aggregation of death receptors and then induce apoptosis. First of all, the choice of SWCNTS functionalization with TRAIL was considered the first key in this thesis: non-covalent adsorption of PSE molecules on the nanotubes via 1t-1t stacking and TRAIL was next attached to a SWCNTS-PSE to form our nanovector, called NPT. Then, the NPT was characterized by various methods (Raman, XPS, IR, TEM, STEM, ... ) in order to estimate the grafted degree of TRAIL on the NPT surface (about 80%). Secondly, we investigated the ef:fects of the thermodynamic parameters such as pH and temperature on NPT versus TRAIL by a chromatographie approach (HPLC). The results showed a better affinity for NPT compared to TRAIL alone with the TRAIL-R2 receptor immobilized on the chromatographie colurnn. In addition, docking calculations have also shown that the NPT complex coupled to TRAIL homotrimers is the most stable when docked to DR5. Thus, we have demonstrated that Van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonds govem the NPT-DR5 association for pH > 7.4 (as for TRAIL). Finally, our TRAIL-based SWCNTSs nanovectors (NPT) proved to be more efficient than TRAIL alone towards death receptors in triggering cancer cell killing in vitro. These NPTs increased the pro-apoptotic potential of TRAIL by nearly 10 to 20-fold in different Human tumor cell lines tested including colorectal, non-small cell lung cancer, or hepatocarcinomas. We provide in this work a proof of concept that nanovectors based on SWCNTS functionalization with TRAIL may be useful for future cancer treatments in nanomedicine
Gayral, Marion. "Contribution à l'étude des mécanismes moléculaires de chimiorésistance des cellules cancéreuses pancréatiques". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30108.
Texto completo da fontePancreatic cancer (PC) is the fourth leading cause of death by cancer in Western countries with a survival rate of less than 5% at five years. Its incidence has been increasing for the last forty years, and, in the absence of improvement in the detection and treatment, PC will become the second leading cause of death by cancer worldwide in 2020. Accordingly, we recently conducted the first gene therapy clinical trial for patients diagnosed with advanced PC, during which patients received using endoscopic ultrasound an intratumoral injection of a non viral vector encoding DCK::UMK and SSTR2 genes. Patients were also treated by gemcitabine. In addition to the feasibility and safety of this protocol, gene therapy results in a clinical benefit in selected patients. We also highlighted two major elements: this beneficial effect (1) is not correlated with the dose administered and (2) reaches a "therapeutic plateau" beyond which the cancer cells are resistant to treatment. These considerations suggest that the intratumoral gene transfer is limiting and that additional mechanisms of drug resistance remain to be identified and defeated to offer new therapeutic perspectives. Therefore, we first investigated the molecular mechanisms that may be involved in the primo resistance of cancer cells to gemcitabine. We highlighted the importance of cytidine deaminase (CDA) in cohort of patients that poorly responded to gemcitabine treatment. This enzyme, which catalyzes the irreversible hydrolytic deamination of CTP in UTP, is also overexpressed in PC as compared to adjacent tissue. In experimental models, the invalidation of CDA results in the profound inhibition of cell proliferation and massive induction of apoptosis, even in the absence of gemcitabine. Using an unbiased proteomic approach, we found that several proteins involved in mitochondrial metabolism are strongly altered in response to CDA targeting. Finally, combining the invalidation of the CDA and gemcitabine treatment results in a rarely achieved inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and tumor progression in vivo. We next investigated new delivery vectors/virus for the gene therapy of pancreatic cancer. We selected oncolytic viruses derived from HSV-1, in which the viral ribonucleotide reductase is mutated, and the expression of the viral protein gamma 34.5 is under the control of the proto-oncogene B-myb promoter (Myb34.5). We first identified a highly favorable molecular context for the replication of Myb34.5 in human pancreatic cancer cells as they over-express not only B-myb, but also cellular ribonucleotide reductase RRM1 and RRM2 whereas expression of ENT1 is decreased. In cancer cell lines, Myb34.5 replicates athigh rate, strongly inhibits cell proliferation and provokes cancer cell death by apoptosis. This effect is increased by the co-treatment with gemcitabine. Finally, Myb34.5 causes the regression of experimental tumors, when combined with gemcitabine. This thesis work opens several interesting prospects: we have identified new therapeutic targets to alleviate the chemoresistance of PC cells and demonstrated the efficacy of oncolytic viruses derived from HSV-1 for the treatment of experimental pancreatic tumors. Ultimately, this work may stem for new combinations of therapeutic genes, delivered or not by oncolytic viruses, to defeat the "therapeutic plateau" observed in PC experimental models and during the Thergap clinical trial and to specifically eradicate pancreatic tumor cells with high efficacy
Grossin, Laurent. "Application de la thérapie génique dans le traitement de différents cancers : utilisation d'un gène suicide (HSVr : étude des différentes techniques de transfert de gènes d'intérêt à des lignées cellulaires cancéreuses en culture". Limoges, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIMO116F.
Texto completo da fonteBourseau-Guilmain, Erika. "De la compréhension du comportement des cellules initiatrices de cancer dans les glioblastomes au développement d'une nanomédecine adaptée : Focalisation sur le marqueur de cellules souches cancéreuses AC133 / CD133". Angers, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00662253/fr/.
Texto completo da fonteThe discovery of cancer initiating cells in glioblastomas and the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) suggest that failure of current anti-tumor strategies could be attributed to a problem of target cell. In the context of targeted therapies, the emergence of nanomedicines offer new perspectives for drug delivery to CSCs or their microenvironment (or niche) thus getting more efficacy, specificity and biological safeness. Capable to self-renew and to generate radio and chemo-resistant neoplastic clones, CSCs do not have, however, specific markers but instead associated markers allowing their enrichment and potentially their targeting notably for loco-regional therapies. By focusing on the AC133 epitope, that is a CSC marker associated to glycosylation on the protein CD133 or prominin-1, the aim of this PhD thesis was to contribute understanding on: i) What the expression of AC133 is accounting for (tumor initiation, tumor aggressiveness or hypoxia) ii) If it is possible to recognize AC133 by nanocarriers iii) What is, regarding its distribution among membrane protrusions, the functional role of CD133/AC133. From in vitro and in vivo models of human glioblastomas implanted in the brain of immunodeprived mice (SCID), our data established that AC133 is a witness of non-chronic exposure to high oxygen tension (21% O2 versus 3% O2). In this context, the shRNA knockdown strategy allowed demonstrating that HIF-1α regulates AC133 expression. The lack of AC133 expression at 21% O2 within non sorted glioma cell populations is not related to the tumor initiation but instead associated to a loss of tumor aggressiveness. The AC133 target was therefore chosen to develop lipid nanocapsules (LNCs), capable of recognizing CSCs. By mean of a bifunctionnal a polymer (DSPE-PEG2000-maleimide) and the monoclonal antibody AC133, a lipo-immunoglobulin (DSPE-PEG2000-maleimide-AC133) was synthesized and post-inserted within LNCs, thus allowing the obtention of immuno-LNCs. Those nano-objects demonstrated their functionalities by their specificity of binding to Caco-2 cells, which constitutively express AC133. Finally, by giving attention to the role of AC133/CD133 in endocytosis, we demonstrated by siRNA knockdown on Caco-2 cells that AC133/CD133 inhibits the cell internalization of transferrin and NCLs. Interestingly, increase of extracellular iron concentration, known to disminish the expression of the tranferrin receptor, equally regulated negatively those of AC133, thus supporting a role for AC133/CD133 in endocytosis and in iron metabolism. Taken together, those PhD data allowed to develop a new nano-tool and to better apprehend its usefulness for the application of naomedicines aiming to eradicate and/or to modify the behaviour of CSCs expressing AC133
Coulibaly, Tata Safiatou. "Double approche à la thérapie anti-tumorale à l'aide de vecteurs lentiviraux". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ087/document.
Texto completo da fonteCancer gene therapy requires the use of an effective suicide gene and the specific targeting of cancer cells. In my PhD work, I have first characterized a new potential suicide gene derived from human deoxycytidine kinase (dCK): M36. Compared to dCK, M36 improves sensitization of certain cancer cells to treatment with chemotherapeutic compounds as gemcitabine and AraC. These results are particularly encouraging for the elimination of cancer cells resistant to the treatment because of a defect with dCK. In a second part, I have worked at the proof of concept that a modified HIV envelope can allow specific targeting of cancer cells by lentiviral vectors. During this work, I have generated a CD4i envelope with a strongly diminished natural tropism and that carries a motif known to bind the model cell surface cancer marker HER2. This envelope constitutes a good starting material to be improved by evolution in cell culture to obtain specific targeting of HER2+ cells
Mercier, Joanie. "L'exercice physique pour améliorer le sommeil chez les patients atteints de cancer : état de la littérature et comparaison avec la thérapie cognitive-comportementale". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29971.
Texto completo da fonteDiller, Marie-Luce. "Détection, traitement du signal et modélisation de l'image de fluorescence in vitro et sur tissus biologiques : application au diagnostic des tumeurs cancéreuses par thérapie photodynamique, métrologie associée". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPL084N.
Texto completo da fonteAiriau, Kelly. "Association in vitro de molécules ciblant les inhibiteurs de l’apoptose pour induire spécifiquement la mort des cellules tumorales". Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR21953/document.
Texto completo da fonteProtein kinases have been identified as playing fundamental roles in cancer development, suggesting that they could represent a promising therapeutic target. Several kinase inhibitors have been developed and the most successful of them, by far, is Gleevec® (imatinib, STI57; Novartis), a BCR-ABL inhibitor. It is currently used as the treatment of reference for chronic myeloid leukemia. However, despite a huge efficiency, some resistance mechanisms could be used to decrease its pro-apopototic effect. The global aim of my PhD was to understand the apoptotic mechanisms induced by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) to identify new potential therapeutic targets. I work on three different tumors: Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML), Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and Glioblastomas (GBM). CML has been used as a model and the approach followed to increase TKI efficiency has been transposed to AML and GBM models. Altogether, our results showed that a better understanding of apoptotic response and resistance mechanisms could lead to the identification of new therapeutic targets. We observed that combination therapy brings several benefits. It allows to increase the TKI-induced apoptotic response, to counter some resistance mechanism, to reach the resistant cancer stem cells, and thus, to target simultaneously several populations in the tumour
Pouchol, Camille. "Analyse, contrôle et optimisation d'EDP, application à la biologie et la thérapie du cancer". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS176/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis PhD originates from a joint project on chemotherapy optimisation, bringing together three advisors: Jean Clairambault, medical doctor and mathematician, Michèle Sabbah, cancer biologist, and Emmanuel Trélat, mathematician specialised in optimal control. Most of the work undertaken has thus been motivated by questions from cancer biology or therapy. Answering them has required using and further developing tools from several different mathematical areas, among them the asymptotic analysis for partial differential equations, and theoretical and numerical optimal control. These developments have in turn posed new mathematical problems, interesting in their own right, with applications in the mathematical fields of adaptive dynamics, population dynamics, optimal control or numerical analysis. More precisely, we propose results of asymptotic analysis for some selection/mutation and reaction/diffusion non-local equations or systems. The Dirichlet control towards homogeneous states of 1D monostable and bistable equations is investigated in detail. A numerical and theoretical analysis for an optimal control is performed on a system representing cancer and healthy cells exposed to chemotherapy. Finally, Turing instabilities are shown to be exhibited by some Keller-Segel equations, for which we design finite-volume numerical schemes preserving positivity, energy dissipation, mass conservation and steady states
Bernatchez, Marie Solange. "Les difficultés veille-sommeil chez les personnes suivies en soins palliatifs pour un cancer : aspects descriptifs et faisabilité d'une thérapie cognitive-comportementale et environnementale". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28246.
Texto completo da fonteJouan-Hureaux, Valérie. "Les thérapies ciblées anti-EGFR ont-elles un réel effet anti-angiogénique ? Etude in vitro de l'angiogenèse induite par des cellules cancéreuses des VADS traitées ou non par le Cetuximab". Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10115/document.
Texto completo da fonteOverexpression of EGFR has a major role in the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and its inhibition by anti-EGFR antibodies (cetuximab) induced an anti-tumor effect but could also induce an anti-angiogenic effect. However, the effects of these agents onto angiogenesis and endothelial cells (EC) have not really been evaluated. The objective of this work is to study angiogenesis induced by mediators released by head and neck squamous carcinoma cells (Cal27, FaDu) in culture media with or without cetuximab exposure, known as conditioned media (CM). Cetuximab has no significant direct effect on EC. It induces a decrease in the secretion of VEGF by tumor cells but, paradoxically, the CM induces a pro-angiogenic effect. The analysis of the composition of the CM does not allow us to identify a key molecule responsible for this effect because cetuximab decreases the secretion of both pro- and anti-angiogenic factors by tumor cells. To explain this paradox and in agreement with the literature, we highlighted the release of microvesicles by our tumor cells (TMV), TMV which express EGFR and TF, and regulation of this release and the content of TMV after cetuximab exposure. These TMV may interact with the EC and cetuximab increases this interaction. Further characterization of TMV and studying their role in the angiogenic process in response to cetuximab will allow us in the future to understand the real activity of anti-EGFR antibodies onto angiogenesis
Muller, Claire. "Métabolisme énergétique et thérapie anticancéreuse : caractérisation des effets de dérivés désoufrés de la troglitazone sur les cellules d’adénocarcinomes mammaires". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0305.
Texto completo da fonteNumerous therapeutic options are available for Luminal, HER2-enriched and Normal-like breast cancers. However, only chemotherapy can be used for triple-negative breast cancers. Moreover, regardless of breast cancer subtypes, there are many cases of absence of responsiveness and treatment resistances. In some cases, resistance comes from the presence of cancer stem cells (CSC) within the tumor. A possible therapeutic approach consists of targeting the energy metabolism often modified in cancer cells and CSC. Thiazolidinediones (TZD) are studied in this context since they display an anticancer activity and can induce alterations of the energy metabolism. Our laboratory studies troglitazone (TGZ) from which we could obtain several derivatives displaying a higher efficiency and a lower toxicity towards human hepatocytes. Desulfurylated derivatives of TGZ have been synthetized recently. First we performed a structure-activity relationship study in order to determine the impact of the sulfur atom on the anticancer activity. We observed that desulfurylated derivatives of TGZ displayed a higher efficiency towards breast cancer cells. and the most active compound was EP13, one of the desulfurylated TDZ derivatives, on breast cancer cells. The most active compound, EP13, combined different potentiating chemical modifications and the removal of the sulfur moiety from the TZD cycle. Unlike TGZ, EP13 induces apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells. Then we showed that EP13 disrupted energy metabolism of MDA-MB-231 cells by inducing alteration of mitochondrial respiratory chain function, associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in MDA-MB-231 cells. A glycolysis stimulation seems to compensate secondarily the mitochondrial respiration alteration. EP13 at low doses was able to potentiate doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil actions on MDA-MB-231 cells. Finally, we established a 3D cell culture model, which could allow enrichment in CSC. EP13 could alter the establishment of mammospheres from MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. This work suggests a potential interest of EP13 for the development of therapeutic strategies targeting energy metabolism. It remains to establish if there is a link between modifications of energy metabolism and EP13-induced apoptosis and to use the mammosphere experimental model to determine if EP13 can affect breast CSC
Meunier, Mélina. "Étude de biomarqueurs prédisant l’efficacité et la réponse anti-tumorale d’une thérapie séquentielle "chimiothérapies puis Glyceryl Trinitrate" pour le traitement du cancer colorectal". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCI017.
Texto completo da fonteThe treatment of colorectal cancer at advanced stages is based on surgical excision, preceded and/or followed by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy treatment. However, the resistance of cancer cell limits the effectiveness of these treatments. To improve their anti-tumor activity, we have developed a new anti-cancer combination combining standard chemotherapies with a nitric oxide (NO)-donating drug called Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN).Within the tumor microenvironment, several naturally occurring and/or chemo-induced cytokines such as TNFα, FasL and TRAIL can have both pro- and anti-tumor activity.Our laboratory has shown that NO, released by GTN, promotes the death of cancer cells in the presence of the cytokines TNFα, FasL and TRAIL. We therefore hypothesized that these cytokines could serve as biomarkers for decinding whether to administer an NO-releasing drug, such as GTN, when an increase in the level of these cytokines is detected in the sera and/or within the tumors following chemotherapeutic treatment. To develop this sequential combinatorial therapy, we studied the mode of action of NO on cytokines and their receptors in vitro, and developed it in vivo in a sygeneic mouse model of colorectal cancer
Marthinet, Eric. "Modulation du phénotype typique de multichimiorésistance (MDR) des cellules cancéreuses humaines par des leurres transcriptionnels et étude de la régulation transcriptionnelle du gène MDR1 au niveau de la région MED-1". Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10021.
Texto completo da fonteBertorello, Juliette. "Reprogrammation traductionnelle par eIF3 liée à la résistance aux traitements des glioblastomes". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30096.
Texto completo da fonteThe intrinsic resistance to current therapies, leading to an almost systematic relapse of patients, is a characteristic of glioblastomas (GBM), the most common and aggressive brain tumor. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of such a malignant tumor is therefore an urgent medical need. Several studies support the notion of a deregulation of the translation machinery, in particular during the initiation stage, contributes to the malignant transformation and progression of cancers, in part via a selective translation of the specific transcripts involved in the development and maintenance of cancer cells. Our work focuses on the eIF3 factor, a multimeric complex participating in the initiation of translation and frequently deregulated in GBM. Our results show that the deregulated expression of eIF3e, the subunit (e) of the eIF3 complex, in specific GBM regions, could influence the synthesis of specific proteins impacting the development of the disease. In particular, eIF3e restricts the expression of proteins involved in the response to cellular stress and increases the expression of stem cell markers. Our results also show that the activation and repression effects of eIF3e on translation could be partially explained by a distinct binding model of eIF3e, eIF3d and DDX3X (a RNA helicase) on target mRNAs. Finally, the data obtained allow us to better understand how the intratumor heterogeneity of eIF3 expression results in the activation of signaling pathways specific to each tumor region in GBM, an essential concept to take into account in the development of future more targeted and personalized treatments for patient
Simon, Virginie. "Oncology nanomedicine : study of interaction between nanoparticles activated by external electromagnetic energy sources and cancer cells for enhancement of the therapeutic window". Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066708.
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