Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Théorie des jeux – Piétons"
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Butano, Matteo. "Mean-Field Games Applied to Pedestrian Dynamics". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASP064.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis explores pedestrian dynamics through experimental observations and simulations, focusing on the operational layer of pedestrian movement. Experiments involving a controlled crowd and a moving cylindrical obstacle, reveal that pedestrians exhibit anticipatory behaviors that deviate from granular behavior. The thesis challenges two existing pedestrian dynamics models, of different complexity showing their limitations in capturing the observed anticipatory behaviors. These models are found to be too myopic, focusing on short-term decisions without adequately accounting for long-term anticipations. To address these shortcomings, this work proposes a model based on the theory of Mean-Field Games (MFG). MFG models, which combine optimal control and game theory, describe interactions among a large number of agents via their average density, simplifying the mathematical framework. The MFG model successfully predicts the experimental anticipation patterns by incorporating a discount factor that adjusts the weight of future events in the optimization process. Additionally, the thesis presents two corollary projects. The first has the goal to integrate MFG with agent-based microscopic models to handle scenarios requiring detailed individual interactions, such as evacuations. The second explores using Physics Informed Neural Networks to solve MFG equations
Simo, Kanmeugne Patrick. "Simulation crédible des déplacements de piétons en temps réel : modèle microscopique à influence macroscopique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066597.
Texto completo da fonteIn this work, we focus on real-time simulation of autonomous pedestrians navigation. Existing models for this purpose tend to diverge on whether to build on pedestrians' characteristics and local interactions - microscopic approaches - or to focus on pedestrians' flow regardless of individual characteristics - macroscopic approaches. Our position is that the two approaches should not be separated. Thus, we introduce a Macroscopic-Influenced Microscopic approach which aims at reducing the gap between microscopic and macroscopic approaches by providing credible walking paths for a potentially highly congested crowd of autonomous pedestrians. Our approach originates from a least-effort formulation of the navigation task, which allows us to consistently account for congestion at every levels of decision. We use the multi-agent paradigm and describe pedestrians as autonomous and situated agents who plan dynamically for energy efficient paths, and interact with each other through the environment. The navigable space is considered as a set of contiguous resources that agents use to build their paths. We emulate the dynamic path computation for each agent with an evolutionary search algorithm that implement a tabu search heuristic, especially designed to be executed in real-time and autonomously. We have compared an implementation of our approach with a standard microscopic model, against low-density and high density scenarios, with encouraging results in terms of credibility and scalability. We believe that microscopic models could be easily extended to embrace our approach, thus providing richer simulations of potentially highly congested crowd of autonomous pedestrians
Simo, Kanmeugne Patrick. "Simulation crédible des déplacements de piétons en temps réel : modèle microscopique à influence macroscopique". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01066477.
Texto completo da fonteGimbert, Hugo. "Jeux positionnels". Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077022.
Texto completo da fonteGame theory is an active field of contemporary research. Game theory is used to modelize situations in which some agents interact, and each one of them defends his own interest. Depending on the way players interact and the kind of interest they defend, various classes of games can be used. In this thesis, we are interested in two interaction modes : games on graphs, studied in the two first chapters, and also stochastic games, studied in the third chapter. Depending on the way one computes incomes of players, one obtains for example parity games, discounted games, mean-payoff games or limsup games. We are interested in the existence of optimal positional strategies in those games, i. E. Situations in which players can play optimally in a deterministic way and without using any memory. Study of this class of games is motivated by good algorithmic properties of positional games and by potential applications in verification and control theory. We obtain different characterizations of positional games, in the framework of games on finite graphs, infinite graphs and stochastic games. As a corollary, we generate new examples of positional games
Ravelomanana, Mamy Raoul. "Théorie des jeux et macroéconomie". Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100048.
Texto completo da fonteBeaud, Jean-Pierre. "Contributions à la théorie des jeux : jeux antagonistes et modèles de jeux répétés". Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066026.
Texto completo da fonteMamas, Philippe. "Théorie des jeux et jeux expérimentaux : éléments d'histoire et d'épistémologie". Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010060.
Texto completo da fonteLe, Lec Fabrice. "Essais de théorie des jeux comportementale". Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX32033.
Texto completo da fonteThe purpose of this thesis is to show that game theory relies on principles which are questioned on empirical as well as theoretical grounds. Indeed, intensive empirical investigations ("Behavioral Economics") tend to show that subjects depart substantially from game theoretic predictions. Behaviora" models have flourished to account for such empirical deviations, but in a very fragmentary: they result in a substantive loss in terms of formal elegance and unification (chapter 2). A canvas aiming at generalizing economic behaviors to almost arbitrary ones, and thus targeting behaviors which seem to violate the standard approach, is proposed. It is shown that given some very weak and reasonable principles of decision making, it always exists an equilibrium in strategic interactions (chapter 3). Various types of behaviors satisfying this condition and well documented in the economic literatur are exhibited, and it is put forth that an equilibrium can arise from heterogenous behaviors -- different preferences, different levels of rationality, different patterns of behavior (chapter 4). It is shown that such an equilibrium could be reached when a generic class of dynamics describes learning processes, as in the standard case of Nash equilibrium (chapter 5). An extension is constructed in frequentist terms in order to extend behavioral equilibrium to non-convex behaviors (chapter 6). An extension to general equilibrium is also provided. (chapter 7)
Calvo-Armengol, Antoni. "Théorie des jeux : Négociations et réseaux". Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ENPC0010.
Texto completo da fonteHatat, Florian. "Jeux graphiques et théorie de la démonstration". Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENM083/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis work is a contribution to game semantics for programming languages. We describe new methods used to define a game semantics for a lambda-calculus with continuations.Game semantics have been widely used to provide models for functional programming languages with references, using call-by-name or call-by-value, or for different fragments of linear logic. Yet, some parts of these semantics are still highly subtle. This work mainly deals with the notion of innocence, and with combinatorics involved in composing innocent strategies. We provide both of them with an interpretation which relies on standard categorical constructions.We reformulate innocence in terms of boolean presheaves over a given category of views. We design for this purpose an enriched class of plays, by adding morphisms which do not appear in the traditional preorder of plays. We show how to compute the global behaviour, i.e., on every play, of a strategy given by its class of accepted views by taking a right Kan extension.Our composition of innocent strategies relies on the usual categorial notions of factorisation systems and polynomial functors. In our semantics, the interaction between two strategies is itself a strategy, in which we must hide internal moves with a cut-elimination process. This step is given by a weakened version of factorisations systems. The core of composition of strategies involves material borrowed from polynomial functors theory. This theory yields a systematic proof method for showing essential properties, such as associativity of composition, or correction of our semantics
Vieille, Nicolas. "Contributions à la théorie des jeux répétés". Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066631.
Texto completo da fontePottié, Olivier. "Variantes de problèmes d'optimisation, théorie des jeux". Paris 9, 2010. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2010PA090030.
Texto completo da fonteMarlats, Chantal. "Trois essais en théorie des jeux répétés". Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010082.
Texto completo da fonteDorat, Rémi. "Répartition spatiale en théorie des jeux évolutionnaires". Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00839387.
Texto completo da fonteDorat, Rémi. "Répartition spatiale en théorie des jeux évolutionnaires". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10040.
Texto completo da fonteThe thesis continues the work of Evolutionary Game Theory. This theory is a framework for modeling the dynamics of populations interactions betwcen agents are modeled by the classic dilemmas from Game Theory. The agents interaet with their peers. Best behaviors spread. less suecessful ones tend to disappear. Evolutionary Game Theory prondes conditions upon which cooperative behaviors can survive and cooperative equilibriums can appear. Assuming that each agent does not interact with all the others but only with a fixed group of neighbors greatly increases the number of possible dynamics. The relations between agents form a social network. Limitation of contacts between agents favors cooperative equilibrium and biodiversity. Nevertheless, formal approach to the models is no longer possible and they are studied through massive computer simulations. The thesis continues the study of the impact of social networks. lt introduces networks of communities, a new model where commnnities are networked rather than agents. This model exhibits new forms of eooperative convergence and new conditions to persistent biodiversity. The thesis also shows the possibility of convergence of markets towards non-competitive equilibriums and the survival of behaviors collectively able to reach cartel equilibrium, a particular form of cooperative equilibrium
Belkhir, Walid. "Algèbre et combinatoire des jeux de parité". Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX11065.
Texto completo da fonteDuchêne, Eric. "Jeux combinatoires sur les graphes". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE10100.
Texto completo da fonteEveryone has ever played a combinatorial game, such as chess or checkers. The interest of mathematicians about this subject is often related to the search of a winning strategy for one of both players. From the game of Nim to chess, the complexity of this search is very variable. In this manuscript, we firstly give a short view of the main stages of the topic, who really started in the beginning of the XXth century. Besides, we emphasize the correlation between combinatorial games and number theory, error-correcting codes, or graph theory. We then investigate some variations of « classical » combinatorial games : Wythoff's game and Dots and Boxes. We detail the strategy and « good » game positions for the first and the second player. We then consider a solitaire variation of a recent two-player game : Clobber. It is a one-player game, where stones are placed on the vertices of a given graph. A move consisting in removing a stone (under some conditions), the goal is to minimize the number of remaining stones at the end. We give structural and algorithmic results about this game played on grids, trees or hypercubes
Moneret, Régis. "Strategos : un système multi-jeux utilisant la théorie combinatoire des jeux, capable d'apprendre automatiquement les dépendances entre sous-jeux locaux". Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066338.
Texto completo da fonteDonze, Jocelyn. "Raffinements dans les jeux bayésiens dynamiques". Toulouse 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU1A001.
Texto completo da fonteThe economic agents who participate in a market do not usually have the same information about this environment. Often, the most informed agent moves before the others and hence, transmits some information to them. The equilibrium analysis makes it possible to characterize the development of such confrontations (or "games") between the agents. However a major problem with this approach is due to the fact that a game often has several equilibrium; thus giving a weak predictive power to the analysis. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze and define criteria whose aim is to reduce the set of equilibrium in games of incomplete information. We are interested in the criteria based on the principle of forward induction. According to this principle, a disequilibrium move should not be considered as a mistake of the deviating player, but rather as a sign of his aspiration to be better off than in equilibrium
Cardaliaguet, Pierre. "Domaines discriminants en jeux différentiels". Paris 9, 1994. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1994PA090004.
Texto completo da fonteBravo, Gonzàlez Mario. "Dynamiques d’apprentissage et d’évolution en théorie des jeux". Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066360.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis is devoted to the study of several related models of dynamical interaction from a game theoretical perpective. In the first part, we are interested in repeated interactions in discrete time in a minimal information framework. In the second part, we analyse several models in continuous time with special interest in the replicator dynamics. The sequel is devoted to the study of a learning process in continuous time where players observe a perturbed version of their actual payoff, and its link with the evolutionary game theory. The final part focuses on a two-level dynamics in order to model a multi-level selection phenomenon
Pnevmatikos, Nikolaos. "Contributions à la théorie des jeux : valeur asymptotique des jeux dépendant de la fréquence et décompositions des jeux finis". Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E026/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe problems addressed and results obtained in this thesis are divided in two parts. The first part concerns the study of the asymptotic value of frequency-dependent games (FD-games). We introduce a differential game associated to the FD-game whose value leads to a Hamilton-Jacob-Bellman-lsaacs equation. Although an irregularity occurs at the origin, we prove existence of the value in the differential game played over [0.1 ], which allows to prove that the value of the FD-game, as the number of stages tend to infinity, converges to the value of the continuous-time game with initial state 0. ln the second part, the objective is the decomposition of the space of finite games in subspaces of suitable games which admit disguised equilibria and more tractable analysis. This part is divided in two chapters. In the first chapter, we establish a canonical decomposition of an arbitrary game into three components and we characterize the approximate equilibria of a given game in terms of the uniform equilibrium and the equilibrium in dominant strategies that appear in its components. In the second part, we introduce a family of inner products in the space of finite games and we define the class of harmonic games relatively to the chosen inner product. Inspired of the Helmholtz-Hodge decomposition applied to games by Candogan et al (2011 ), we establish an orthogonal decomposition of the space of finite games with respect to the chosen inner product, in the subspaces of potential harmonic and non-strategic games and we further generalize several results of Candogan et al (2011)
Contou-Carrère, Pauline. "Contributions aux jeux répétés". Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010074.
Texto completo da fonteAnglès, d'Auriac Jean-Alexandre. "Jeux de défense et ensembles tropicaux". Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112235/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe first pane of this thesis is on the study of vertex-colored graphs. We look at the tractability of asserting the existence of particular sets of vertices on a graph with the added constraint that the sets must be tropical, i.e. they must contain at least one vertex of each of the colors in the graph.This additional constraint tends to make the problems way less tractable. For instance, finding a minimum tropical dominating set, or a minimum tropical vertex cover, are APX-complete problems even when restricted to paths. Finding the smallest tropical connected subgraph is also NP-complete even when restricted to trees. However, restricting the number of colors will usually make problems more tractable. For instance, finding a connected tropical subgraph (on any graph) can be done in polynomial time as long as the number of colors is logarithmic in the size of the graph. Moreover, we show some structural results that links the size of a minimum connected subgraph to parameters such as the number of colors, the number of edges, the minimum degree…The second pane is on the study of some games on graphs, called defense games, in which multiple attackers target vertices and multiple defenders protect subgraphs.We focus on the existence of a Nash equilibrium when defenders protect paths of size at most p.When each defender protects exactly one edge, we show among other results that the game on a graph G with n defenders and k attackers admits a Nash equilibrium if and only if there exists a dominating set of size at most k in G, which is NP-complete in the general case.Similarly, when each defender protects a path of size at most p, the existence of a Nash equilibrium is linked to the notion of p-independent, i.e. a set of vertices such that every pair of elements of the set is at distance greater than p.Determining the existence of a maximal p-independent of size at most k is NP-complete, but our Min2stablemax algorithm can compute the minimum size of a maximal 2-independent set in a tree
Abdou, Joseph. "Fonctions d'effectivité et jeux coopératifs". Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010017.
Texto completo da fonteMaurice, Olivier. "Introduction d’une théorie des jeux dans des topologies dynamiques". Limoges, 2013. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/77d23cbe-e698-42fd-acea-866f63d382a6/blobholder:0/2013LIMO4048.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis presents a method for modeling complexity. Starting from tensorial analysis of networks, we show that this technique allows to model any physical process. It gives in a common formalism all the tools to integrate equations coming from various physics. The purpose is not to develop an unique method rather than having one able to embed developments coming from any kind of physic material. The formalism embed quantum mechanics, relativity, etc. Once the physical part of the system take in charge, we use game theory to take the psychical part. Both methods linked by special mathematical objects like "tenfolds" or gamma matrices makes a global technique for complexity. A tree cross talking the two theories models the complex system evolution. A special representation in a "choices-utility" space gives a comprehensible image of the system evolution
Cochinard, Sébastien. "Structures oligopolistiques et relations d'interface en théorie des jeux". Paris 9, 1998. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1998PA090008.
Texto completo da fonteOur thesis aims at taking into account "interlinkage" defined as the possibility that firms play simultaneous competition games. It belongs to oligopolistic market structures with mergers litterature. In the first part, we analyze several approaches of interlinkage through their relations to game-theoretic and non game-theoretic oligolipoly literature. We consider further management science litterature with respect to alliances theories. We conclude this part developping a new approach to interlinkage in an abstract game- theroretic setting. The second part is devoted to an interlinkage model based on a coalition formation game in oligopolistic market structures (espinosa et inarra, 1995). General assumptions and fundamental solution concepts being recalled, we build a model that enables analyzing the stability of "competition graphs". The solution concept used for that purpose is the von neumann et morgenstern (1944) abstract stable set. Theoretic frameword is completed by computing numeric examples of stable sets, then we propose extensions of our model to famous situations of industrial competition : chain-store and circular town. The third part gives empiric examples of market structures in the armes industrial sector. We compare our results with other empiric studies using different methods. Our conclusion exhibits limits and potential extensions of our model
Dogguy, Habib. "Applications de la théorie des jeux à champ moyen". Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA131037/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn this thesis we study the application of Mean Field Game Theory in economics. This new branch of game theory is devoted to the study of systems involving a large number of interacting agents using the notion of mean field from Statistical Physics. This method reduces greatly the complexity of interactions. The first model is devoted to the study of Software market and shows that tolerance of piracy can be an effective strategy in order to limit the diffusion of free softwares. The second model is a static mean field game and addresses the problem of parking in cities by intro ducing heterogeneity among agents. This allows us to evaluate public policies. The third model analysis, in a dynamic setting, theconsequences of the choice of young researchers on the dynamics of science
Bertucci, Charles. "Contributions à la théorie des jeux à champ moyen". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLED039/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis is concerned with new models of mean field games. First, we study models of optimal stopping and impulse control in the case when there is no common noise. We build an appropriate notion of solutions for those models. We prove the existence and the uniqueness of such solutions under natural assumptions. Then, we are interested with several properties of mean field games. We study the limit of such models when the anticipation of the players vanishes. We show that uniqueness holds for strongly coupled mean field games (coupled via strategies) under certain assumptions. We then prove some regularity results for the master equation in a discrete state space case with common noise. We continue by giving a generalization of Uzawa’s algorithm and we apply it to solve numerically some mean field games, especially optimal stopping and impulse control problems. The last chapter presents an application of mean field games. This application originates from problems in telecommunications which involve a huge number of connected devices
Kramarz, Francis. "Rationalité cognitive et équilibres de la théorie des jeux". Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100084.
Texto completo da fonteWe examine games with multiple equilibris when players do not agree on one particular equilibrium (strategic uncertainty). Coordination games are studied. We show how simple rules can be optimal, how interpretation of the signaling content of past actions is essential and how memory can be detrimental
Su, Tong. "Three Chapters in Information Economics". Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU10065/document.
Texto completo da fonteMy thesis studies the mechanism of endogenous information acquisition and provision, and applies it into three applications. The first chapter (joint with Georgy Lukyanov) develops a model in which the sender strategically communicates with a group of receivers whose payoffs depend on the sender’s information. It is shown that, in the presence of coordination frictions, conflict of interests between the sender and the receivers arises endogenously, in spite of the sender’s benevolence. As a result, equilibrium communication is imperfect: extremely good or bad news get disclosed, while relatively “neutral” information is withheld. Consequently, an exogenous bias in the sender’s preferences can improve communication and raise welfare. The second chapter (joint with Takuro Yamashita) considers the problem of optimal information disclosure in mechanism design where the principal can commit to his disclosure policy as well as to his mechanism. We first provide a characterization result for the optimality of the full disclosure policy. Applying this result, in a generalized auction setting we show that the principal (seller) always prefers to disclose all the relevant information to the agents. In a bilateral trade setting where his objective is surplus, under a mild condition on the environment, he does not find optimal to reveal all the information. In a voting application where voters choose between either the status quo or a reform, we show that the principal should reveal all information regarding to the aggregate benefit from the reform but reveal no information about individual benefit for each agent. The third chapter shows that, in contrast to conventional idea that agents with heterogenous beliefs will agree in the long-term as they learn from new information, their beliefs may diverge if agents’ learning is rationally inattentive. When attention is costly, agents optimally choose to acquire potentially new information which they believe most likely to come, leading to a conformism learning. Hence, agents whose initial beliefs are far from the truth will react less often compared to agents whose beliefs are closer to the truth, leading to a divergence in agents’ beliefs in expectation. I characterize the condition for belief divergence and show that it is more likely to happen when the truth is more extreme and the attention cost is moderate
Maubert, Bastien. "Fondations logiques des jeux à information imparfaite : stratégies uniformes". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00980490.
Texto completo da fonteVenel, Xavier. "Existence de la valeur uniforme dans les jeux répétés". Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU10027/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn this dissertation, we consider a general model of two-player zero-sum repeated game and particularly the problem of the existence of a uniform value. A repeated game has a uniform value if both players can guarantee the same payoff in all games beginning today and sufficiently long, independently of the length of the game. In a first chapter, we focus on the cases of one player, called Partial Observation Markov Decision Processes, and of Repeated Games where one player is perfectly informed and controls the transitions. It is known that these games have a uniform value. By introducing a new metric on the probabilities over a simplex in Rm, we show the existence of a stronger notion, where the players guarantee the same payoff on all sufficiently long intervals of stages and not uniquely on the one starting today. In the next two chapters, we show the existence of the uniform value in two special models of repeated games : commutative repeated games in the dark, where the players do not observe the state variable, but the state is independent of the order the actions are played, and repeated games with a more informed controller, where one player controls the transition and has more information than the second player. In the last chapter, we study the link between the uniform convergence of the value of the n-stage games and the asymptotic behavior of the sequence of optimal strategies in the n-stage game. For each n, we consider n-stage optimal strategies and the payoff they are guaranteeing during the ln first stages with 0 < l < 1. We study the asymptotic of this payoff when n goes to infinity
Wikman, Peter. "Essays on conventions in games and anticipation-dependent preferences". Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU10007.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis consists of three chapters. Two chapters fall into the field of game theory and one into the field of decision theory. In the first chapter, I study strategic interaction when people are familiar with the setting they interact in. In such situations, social conventions often emerge and tend to dictate how people behave. Conventions in which people disregard alternatives outside of the convention not only help people coordinate their interactions but also simplify their decision-making. Motivated by this, I develop a novel game-theoretic concept that captures outcomes that are consistent with the existence of such self-enforcing conventions. The resulting solution concept is operational and allows for decomposing games into smaller self-contained games that can be studied in isolation. In the second chapter, I ask whether behavior consistent with the just-described conventions can be given evolutionary interpretations. In such interpretations, the convention is the resulting pattern of behavior in a large population of individuals after they have interacted for some time, with their behavior adjusting over time in response to the payoffs that their actions have given in the past. These interpretations differ from the standard justification of solution concepts based on the assumption of rational individuals that have correct expectations about others’ behavior. I find that indeed these conventions admit such interpretations, and, moreover, standard notions of evolutionarily stable behavior are often consistent with the adherence to such conventions. In the last chapter, I develop a model of a decision-maker who evaluates outcomes as gains and losses relative to her recent expectations. The decision-maker forms her expectations of an uncertain future outcome by trading off the joy from anticipating a higher outcome with the risk of being disappointed by the outcome. These expectations are then taken as given when the outcome nears. Moreover, the decision-maker is loss averse in the sense that losses relative to these expectations are felt worse than same-sized gains are felt good. The main result is a complete description of the observable choices that are consistent with this behavior. More specifically, I provide necessary and sufficient conditions on choices in the form of axioms such that it is as-if the decision-maker acts as described by the model
Hirschowitz, Michel. "Jeux abstraits et composition catégorique". Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077241.
Texto completo da fonteIn this thesis, we propose a new notion of game, which we call team game, obtained by extracting the essence of the notion introduced by Hyland and Ong. In a team game, we have natural geometric notions of position, move, play, and strategy. Among positions, we distinguish winning and losing ones, and among strategies, we distinguish winning and deterministic ones. Composition, which allows players to combine their strategies in order to split the common goal into complementary parts, is the main feature of a team game. This composition has neutral elements and satisfies the natural associativity condition. Moreover, winning and deterministic strategies are stable by composition. As a main example, we give a team game corresponding to the HO-games, where objects are plays in some arena. Ruence. A labelled transition system is subsequently developed so that the bisimilarity it generates coincides with the fair barbed congruence
Garrec, Tristan. "Sur les jeux dynamiques : jeux stochastiques, recherche-dissimulation et transmission d'information". Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU10019.
Texto completo da fonteIn this thesis, we study various models of dynamic games. These model decision-making processes taken by rational agents in strategic interactions and whose situation changes over time. The first chapter is devoted to stochastic games. In these, the current game depends on a state of nature, which evolves randomly from one stage to the next depending on the current state as well as the actions of the players, who observe these elements. We study communication properties between states, when the state space is in the form of a product X × Y, and players control the dynamics on their components of the state space. The existence of optimal strategies in any long enough repeated game, i.e., the existence of the uniform value, is proved under the assumption of strong communication on one side. We prove the non-convergence of the value of the discounted game, which implies the non-existence of the asymptotic value, under the assumption of weak communication on both sides. The next two chapters are devoted to models of search games. A searcher and a hider act on a search space. The searcher’s objective is typically to find the hider as quickly as possible, or to maximize the probability of finding him in a given time. The challenge is then to calculate the value and optimal strategies of the players according to the geometry of the search space. In a patrolling game, an attacker chooses a time and place to attack, while a patroller walks continuously. When the attack occurs, the patroller has a fixed amount of time to locate the attacker. In a stochastic search game, players act on a graph. The novelty of the model is that due to various events, at each stage, some edges may not be available, so the graph evolves randomly over time. Finally, the last chapter is devoted to a model of repeated games with incomplete information called dynamic control of information. An advisor has a private knowledge of the state of nature, which changes randomly over time. Every day, the advisor chooses the amount of information he discloses to an investor through messages. In turn, the investor chooses whether or not to invest in order to maximize her daily expected payoff. In the event of an investment, the advisor receives a fixed commission from the investor. His objective is then to maximize the discounted frequency of days on which investment takes place. We are interested in a specific information disclosure strategy of the advisor called the greedy strategy. It is a stationary strategy with the property of minimizing the amount of information disclosed under the constraint of maximizing the advisor’s current payoff
Hamelin, Frédéric. "Jeux dynamiques en écologie du comportement". Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE4018.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis is inspired from a game occurring among insect parasitoids, which, competing for hosts via which they can reproduce, attack the progeny of their fellows. One refers to superparasitism. In many species, hosts are patchily distributed in the environment. The spatiotemporal framework of this game is thus that of the patch. Patch whose composition, in terms of healthy and parasitized hosts, evolves during the game, hence its dynamic component. First, we introduce dynamic games through an original result which deals with uncoupling Isaacs equations in two-player nonzero-sum differential games. It is illustrated by an example which addresses the conflict over parental care in monogamous species. Second, we revisit classical optimal foraging theory, which we extend to a game-theoretical framework. Arises a sequence of war of attrition, sometimes separated by respite periods. Finally, we address superparasitism as a differential game and it turns out that, this time, superparasitism does not necessarily lead to a war of attrition. It open prospects both on the mathematical (singularities in nonzero-sum differential games) and biological sides (laboratory experiments)
Ferrer-Valognes, Hélène. "Application de la théorie des jeux coopératifs à l'analyse des marchés". Caen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CAEN0573.
Texto completo da fonteOur research is concerned with the application of cooperative game theory to markets. First, we point out the advantages of core theory over the neoclassical concept of a competitive equilibrium. The cooperative game theoretical approach, instead of assuming the presence of a large number of traders such that they are price-takers, is valid for any number of traders. Second, we apply the cooperative game theoretical approach to an asymmetric oligopoly (i. E. An industry with firms whose cost functions are different) in order to determine what coalitions of firms actually emerge and what payoffs the firms obtain by the cooperation. By assuming that firms in the coalition are engaged in cooperative behavior, with the help of the core concept, we prove that the stability of the grand coalition critically depends upon the assumption about how the opponents of a particular coalition will respond. By assuming that firms adopt a competitive behavior within the coalition, we apply the concept of bargaining set (defined by aumann and maschler, 1964) in order to resolve the problem of technology transfers. This approach seems to be more adequate to the analysis of this problem than the non-cooperative approach since it enables us to determine a stable solution. Finally, we consider a productive economy in which the production possibilities are characterized by constant or increasing returns-to-scale. We are interested in the gains which the owner of each factor can obtain through different distribution mechanisms and in the stability of syndicates. Then, the purpose of this study is to examine the stability of syndicates in a productive economy when the allocation of the gains of cooperation is governed by the shapley value
Cachat, Thierry. "Jeux sur des graphes d'automates à pile et leurs extensions". Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10048.
Texto completo da fonteJungers, Marc. "Commande robuste multicritère - une approche par la théorie des jeux". Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00162120.
Texto completo da fonteWan, Cheng. "Contributions à la théorie des jeux d'évolution et de congestion". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00839318.
Texto completo da fonteProtopopescu, Costin. "Estimation fonctionnelle des modèles issus de la théorie des jeux". Toulouse 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU10003.
Texto completo da fonteThe aim of this thesis consists in the estimation of some functional parameters of interest in the context of unobservable variables. This common situation can be encountered in the asymmetry of information literature. The observable variables are supposed to be a function of the latent variables and their distribution. Consequently, specific problems have to be analyzed carefully: the identification, the estimation and the statistical properties of the estimators. In order to solve completely these aspects, the classical statistical techniques need to be enriched with some tools considered nonstandard in the econometric theory. In particular, we will refer to functional analysis and also to the differential theory of operators. This thesis gathers four papers, of which principal motivations are the statistical analysis of a class of stochastic game theoretic models under the hypothesis of incomplete information. This general framework applies to a broad range of classical models: auctions, oligopoly, optimal pricing, firms' regulation and some problems in finance. Several methods based either on parametric or nonparametric estimation are proposed (structural, indirect, minimum divergence. . . ), with or without exogenous variables. A new concept is introduced (the statistical order of a game), which plays a central role in the identification of the parameters of interest. In the fourth paper, an algorithm based on the homotopy is proposed as a numerical solution to the indirect functional estimation
Wan, Cheng. "Contributions à la théorie des jeux d’évolution et de congestion". Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066481.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis is contributed to evolutionary games and congestion games. After a survey of the studies on network congestion games in Chapter 1, Chapters 2 and 3 consider the relation between the composition of the players (nonatomic, atomic, composite) and the equilibrium cost. In particular, the impact of the formation of coalitions is examined. Chapters 4 and 5 introduce the behavior of delegation in composite games and integer-splittable games. Several delegation games and a delegation process are defined and studied in different contexts. Finally, dynamic aspects in games are considered. Chapter 6 focuses on a two-level dynamics which models the phenomenon of multilevel selection. The thesis is concluded by a survey of the studies on the dynamics of replicator type in Chapter 7
Cesari, Giulia. "Modèles de théorie des jeux pour la formation de réseaux". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED046/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis deals with the theoretical analysis and the application of a new family of cooperative games, where the worth of each coalition can be computed from the contributions of single players via an additive operator describing how the individual abilities interact within groups. Specifically, we introduce a large class of games, namely the Generalized Additive Games, which encompasses several classes of cooperative games from the literature, and in particular of graph games, where a network describes the restriction of the interaction possibilities among players. Some properties and solutions of such class of games are studied, with the objective of providing useful tools for the analysis of known classes of games, as well as for the construction of new classes of games with interesting properties from a theoretic point of view. Moreover, we introduce a class of solution concepts for communication situations, where the formation of a network is described by means of an additive pattern, and in the last part of the thesis we present two approaches using our model to real-world problems described by graph games, in the fields of Argumentation Theory and Biomedicine
Dailly, Antoine. "Criticalité, identification et jeux de suppression de sommets dans les graphes : Des étoiles plein les jeux". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1163/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn this thesis, we study both graphs and combinatorial games. There are several links betweenthose two domains : games are useful for modeling an opponent in optimization problems on graphs,and in the other direction several classical games are played on graphs. We will study two graphproblems and adapt some classical combinatorial games to be played on graphs.In a first chapter, we study a criticality problem. A graph that verifies some property, and suchthat any modification (vertex or edge addition or deletion) breaks the property is called critical forthis property. We focus on the critical graphs for the property "having diameter 2", called D2Cgraphs. The Murty-Simon conjecture gives an upper bound on the number of edges in a D2C graphwith a given number of vertices. However, recent research suggests that this bound can be improvedfor non-bipartite D2C graphs. We show the validity of this approach by proving a smaller upperbound for a subfamily of non-bipartite D2C graphs.In a second chapter, we consider an identification problem. Identification consists in assigningsome data to every edge or vertex of a graph, such that this assignment induces a label to everyvertex with the added condition that two distinct vertices must have a different label. We definean edge-coloring using sets of integers inducing an identification of the vertices, and prove that thiscoloring requires at most a logarithmic number of integers (with respect to the order of the graph)in order to successfully identify the vertices. This result is compared with other identifying colorings,for which the number of colors required to successfully identify the vertices can be linear with respectto the order of the graph.In order to show the link between graphs and games, we adapt a well-known family of games tobe played on graphs. We propose a general framework for the study of many vertex deletion games(which are games in which the players delete vertices from a graph under predefined rules) such asArc-Kayles. This framework is a generalization of subtraction and octal games on graphs. In theirclassical definition, those games exhibit a high regularity : all finite subtraction games are ultimatelyperiodic, and Guy conjectured that this is also true for all finite octal games.We specifically study the connected subtraction games CSG(S) (with S being a finite set). Inthose games, the players can remove k vertices from a graph if and only if they induce a connectedsubgraph, the graph remains connected after their deletion, and k ∈ S. We prove that those gamesare all ultimately periodic, in the sense that for a given graph and vertex, a path attached to thisvertex can be reduced (after a certain preperiod) without changing the Grundy value of the graph forthe game. We also prove pure periodicity results, mostly on subdivided stars : for some sets S, thepaths of a subdivided star can be reduced to their length modulo a certain period without changingthe outcome of the game.Finally, we define a weighted version of Arc-Kayles, called Weighted Arc-Kayles (WAKfor short). In this game, the players select an edge and reduce the weight of its endpoints. Verticeswith weight 0 are removed from the graph. We show a reduction between WAK and Arc-Kayles,then we prove that the Grundy values of WAK are unbounded, which answers an open question onArc-Kayles. We also prove that the Grundy values of WAK are ultimately periodic if we fix allbut one of the weights in the graph
De, Visme Marc. "Sémantique des Jeux Quantique". Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEN056.
Texto completo da fonteIn this thesis, we study quantum programming languages, and focus on the quantum lambda-calculus, a paradigmatic language defined by Selinger and Valiron, which mixes a rich classical control flow (higher order functions, etc.) and quantum data (qubit creation, measure, and unitary operations). In this thesis, we search for a denotational semantics of this language, in other words, we extract the meaning and behaviour of programs by interpreting them in an adequately chosen mathematical universe. In order to model the quantum lambda-calculus, one must adapt the traditional denotational models to the mathematics of quantum computation (Hilbert spaces, density matrices, etc.). We have three main contributions:Firstly, we extend game semantics to the quantum case. Game semantics is a dynamic approach to denotational semantics, which focuses on the sequence of interactions between a program and its environment. We obtain the first denotational model of the full quantum lambda-calculus which is both compositional and interactive, meaning that it represents the dynamic of the execution. Our model generalise the recently developed model for the probabilistic case.Secondly, we formally link our model to the only pre-existing denotational model of the full lambda-calculus, the quantum relational model of Pagani, Selinger and Valiron.Lastly, we prove that our game model is fully abstract, the gold standard of denotational semantics, which ensures a total correspondence between the programming language and the model. We deduce that the quantum relational model was also fully abstract, which was an open problem.This thesis is constituted of three parts. The first part details some preliminaries on category theory, used for defining a formal framework including both the quantum game model and the quantum relational model, some preliminaries on the mathematics of quantum computation, and then some preliminaries on quantum programming and its models. The second part starts with some preliminaries on game semantics and defines our quantum game model in the simplified case of the linear quantum lambda-calculus. The third part builds on the second part to define the full quantum game model, prove its full abstraction, and deduce that the quantum relational model is fully abstract too
Lengaigne, Benoît. "Justice et efficience dans la théorie économique contemporaine de la société : K.J. Arrow, J.Rawls, J.F. Nash, J.C. Harsanyi". Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2000/50374-2000-15.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteDurieu, Jacques. "Comportements adaptatifs, effets de mémoire et information : une contribution à la théorie de sjeux". Saint-Etienne, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STETT055.
Texto completo da fonteOualhadj, Youssouf. "Le problème de la valeur dans les jeux stochastiques". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00766347.
Texto completo da fonteMc, Inerney Fionn. "Jeux de domination et d’identification dans les graphes". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4049.
Texto completo da fonteIn this thesis, 2-player games on graphs and their algorithmic and structural aspects are studied. First, we investigate two dynamic dominating set games: the eternal domination game and its generalization, the spy game. In these two games, a team of guards pursue a fast attacker or spy in a graph with the objective of staying close to him eternally and one wants to calculate the eternal domination number (guard number in the spy game) which is the minimum number of guards needed to do this. Secondly, the metric dimension of digraphs and a sequential version of the metric dimension of graphs are then studied. These two problems are those of finding a minimum subset of vertices that uniquely identify all the vertices of the graph by their distances from the vertices in the subset. In particular, in the latter, one can probe a certain number of vertices per turn which return their distances to a hidden target and the goal is to minimize the number of turns in order to ensure locating the target. These games and problems are studied in particular graph classes and their computational complexities are also studied. Precisely, in Chapter 3, the NP-hardness of the spy game and the guard numbers of paths and cycles are first presented. Then, results for the spy game on trees and grids are presented. Notably, we show an equivalence between the fractional variant and the "integral" version of the spy game in trees which allowed us to use Linear Programming to come up with what we believe to be the first exact algorithm using the fractional variant of a game to solve the "integral" version. In Chapter 4, asymptotic bounds on the eternal domination number of strong grids are presented. In Chapter 5, results on the NP-completeness of the Localization game under different conditions (and a variant of it) and the game in trees are presented. Notably, we show that the problem is NP-complete in trees, but despite this, we come up with a polynomial-time (+1)-approximation algorithm in trees. We consider such an approximation to be rare as we are not aware of any other such approximation in games on graphs. Lastly, in Chapter 6, results on the metric dimension of oriented graphs are presented. In particular, the orientations which maximize the metric dimension are investigated for graphs of bounded degree, tori, and grids