Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité classique"
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Jeanmairet, Guillaume. "Une théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité moléculaire pour la solvatation dans l'eau". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01067993.
Texto completo da fonteDing, Lu. "Théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité moléculaire sous l’approximation du fluide de référence homogène". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV004/document.
Texto completo da fonteSolvation properties play an important role in chemical and bio-chemical issues. The molecular density functional theory (MDFT) is one of the frontier numerical methods to evaluate these properties, in which the solvation free energy functional is minimized for an arbitrary solute in a periodic cubic solvent box. In this thesis, we work on the evaluation of the excess term of the free energy functional under the homogeneous reference fluid (HRF) approximation, which is equivalent to hypernetted-chain (HNC) approximation in integral equation theory. Two algorithms are proposed: the first one is an extension of a previously implemented algorithm, which makes it possible to handle full 3D molecular solvent (depending on three Euler angles) instead of linear solvent (depending on two angles); the other one is a new algorithm that integrates the molecular Ornstein-Zernike (OZ) equation treatment of angular convolution into MDFT, which in fact expands the solvent density and the functional gradient on generalized spherical harmonics (GSHs). It is shown that the new algorithm is much more rapid than the previous one. Both algorithms are suitable for arbitrary three-dimensional solute in liquid water, and are able to predict the solvation free energy and structure of ions and molecules
Houssein, Mohamed Mohamed. "Développement d’une méthode ultra-efficace pour le calcul de la solvatation du CO₂ supercritique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0110.
Texto completo da fonteClimate change issues drive the search for more environmentally friendly solvents. Supercritical CO₂ (scCO₂) is a promising candidate due to its non-toxicity and ease of recycling, despite its low solvation power for polar solutes. It is already used in industrial chemical processes such as separation and extraction. Moreover, solvation properties can be adjusted by pressure variations. To better understand the correlation between pressure variations and the solvation power of scCO₂, it is essential to have an efficient tool to predict solvation properties under different thermodynamic conditions and in the presence of various solutes. For this, we turn to molecular density functional theory (MDFT), which offers a promising alternative by combining precise microscopic modeling with ultra-fast calculations (100,000 times faster than molecular dynamics). In the homogeneous reference approach, the MDFT functional is divided into four parts: the ideal part, the external solute/solvent interaction, the homogenous solvent/solvent interaction and the bridge term. The homogenous solvent/solvent interaction requires the direct correlation functions of the bulk solvent, which can be calculated from either expensive MD simulations or fast but approximate molecular integral equation theories. Different approximations exist for the bridge term, which can also be parametrized from the thermodynamic properties of the pure solvent. In this work, we first investigated the exact direct correlation functions of scCO₂ obtained from MD and those from the simplest molecular integral equations, the hypernetted-chain (HNC) approximation. We also fit two standard bridge terms using the equation of state of CO₂ obtained from MD. Next, we determine the solvation properties for atomic and molecular solutes using MDFT, fed by MD simulations for a particular thermodynamic condition. Simultaneously, we conduct MD simulations to test the validity of our results. Finally, we explore other thermodynamic conditions to determine the free energy of solvation of a CO₂ solute in scCO₂ (i.e., the chemical potential) using MDFT, fed either by MD or HNC. We successfully determine solvation properties in a few minutes with accuracy comparable to MD simulations
Barrat, Jean-Louis. "Structure et cristallisation de liquides simples et de mélanges". Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066249.
Texto completo da fonteNour, Zalfa. "Modélisation de l'adsorption des molécules à fort impact sur l'environnement et la santé dans des matériaux nanoporeux en couplant des approches quantiques et classiques". Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENCM0001/document.
Texto completo da fonteCO adsorption in CuI and Na+ exchanged faujasite has been modeled by mean of quantum (DFT) and classical (Monte Carlo) approaches. By mean of the DFT calculations, faujasite potential energy surface has been explored. Different types of CO interactions with the cations have been highlighted, for each one of them CO adsorption effects on the structural and energetic parameters have been analyzed, and calculations of the CO stretching frequency have been performed. Thanks to our calculated values, a new attribution of CO adsorption spectra in CuY and NaY has been established. On another side, by mean of Monte Carlo simulations in the Grand Canonical ensemble, faujasite adsorption properties regarding CO (isotherms and enthalpies) have been modeled, and the CO adsorption mechanism has been established at the microscopic level. The implementation of these simulations has required the derivation of a new force field describing the CO/faujasite and CO/CO interactions
Kenoufi, Abdelouahab. "Groupe de renormalisation et théorie de la fonctionnelle de densité". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2004/KENOUFI_Abdelouahab_2004.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteSulzer, David. "Modélisation des interactions faibles en théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité". Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00945896.
Texto completo da fonteLopez-Sandoval, Roman. "Théorie de la fonctionnelle de la matrice densité pour les hamiltoniens modèles". Toulouse 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU30180.
Texto completo da fontePaquier, Julien. "Théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité relativiste à séparation de portée". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS059.
Texto completo da fonteThis PhD thesis constitutes a contribution to the relativistic extension of the range-separated density functional theory scheme, by combining a relativistic four-component wave function calculation for the long-range contribution with a complementary relativistic short-range exchange-correlation density functional based on the no-pair Dirac-Coulomb or Dirac-Coulomb-Breit Hamiltonian. We have studied properties of the relativistic homogeneous electron gas in the no-pair approximation to develop relativistic short-range exchange-correlation density functionals at the local density approximation (LDA) level. We have implemented a four-component range-separated density functional code as a plugin in the software QUANTUM PACKAGE 2.0 to test these functionals. We have extended the relativistic short-range exchange density functional to the generalized-gradient approximation (GGA) level. Finally, we have pointed out the important role of the on-top exchange pair density in the correct evaluation of the exchange energy at very short-range
Cordova, Lozano Felipe. "Photochimie à partir de la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10156.
Texto completo da fonteQuantum chemical methods are today important tools for predictions of electronic structure and energetics of molecules, for providing the interpretation of ail kinds of spectroscopic experiments, and as a conceptual model of fundamental importance for the understanding of chemical reaction mechanisms in certain processes. Ln the sa me sense, photochemistry has been considered an important subject in chemistry. At the present time thanks to the development of theoretical methodologies for analyzing both ground and excited states would seem possible to have inexpensive alternatives to better understand or modelling photochemical process. Ln this manner Density-Functional Theory (DFT) has emerged as the method of choice for the ground state for the solution of many chemical problems due to principally to its applicability and accuracy. For excited states, time-dependent DFT (TDDFT), which is an extension of DFT has become one of the most prominent and most widely used approaches for the calculation of excited-state properties of molecular systems, for example, excitation energies, oscillator strengths, and excited-state geometries. However, the widespread standard computational methods have inherent drawbacks that seriously limit their usefulness. This is the subject of this thesis, to evaluate the implementation, applicability and validity of TDDFT using different approximations and in different situations
Rousse, François. "Algorithmes incrémentaux pour la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité sans orbitale". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAM039.
Texto completo da fonteThe ability to model molecular systems on a computer has become a crucial tool for chemists. Molecular simulations have helped to understand and predict properties of nanoscopic world, and have had large impact on domains like biology, electronic or materials development. Unfortunately, inter-atomic interactions computation costs prevent large systems to be modeled in a reasonable time. In this context, our research team looks for new accurate and efficient molecular simulation models. One of our team's focus is the search and elimination of useless calculus in dynamical simulations, hence has proposed a new adaptively restrained dynamical model that freezes the slowest particles movement and several interaction models that benefit from a restrained dynamical model by updating interaction incrementally.In the wake of our team's work, we propose in this thesis an incremental First-principles interaction models. Precisely, we have developed an incremental Orbital-Free Density Functional Theory method that benefits from an adaptively restrained dynamical model. The new method is first proof-tested, then we show its ability to speed up computations when a majority of particle are static and hence with a restrained particle dynamic model. This work is a first step toward a combination of incremental First-principle interaction models and adaptively restrained particular dynamic models
Messud, Jérémie. "Théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité dépendant du temps avec correction d'auto-interaction". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00559750.
Texto completo da fonteLembarki, Abderrahim. "Développement de fonctionnelles corrigées du gradient en théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité". Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10340.
Texto completo da fonteMessud, Jérémie. "Théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité dépendant du temps avec correction d'auto-intéraction". Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/626/.
Texto completo da fonteTime dependent Density Functional Theory is a tool of choice to study elementary molecular irradiation processes. But the approximations that are inherent do not eliminate an unphysical effect called self-interaction, which completely distorts the irradiation properties. The most promising way to remove the self-interaction without introducing any additional free parameter is to use orbital dependent functionals (SIC methods). But the usual formalism that follows is not hermitian, which dramatically distorts the physical predictions in the dynamical case, and attempts to restore hermiticity know all undesirable pathologies. So the question, in the time dependent case, of an exact SIC formalism (TDSIC) which would satisfy all the conservation laws and would be numerically manageable remains an open question. We propose a new purely variational formulation, enforcing the orthonormality and using the unitary transformation degree of freedom. This allows to write the exact TDSIC equations in an hermitian form (in the occupied subspace), which satisfies all the conservation laws and leads to a clear numerical scheme for propagation. The price to pay is that the resulting hamiltonian is explicitly non-local, which is more costly numerically speaking. This led us to propose, in a second step, a particularly interesting local approximation, which we called "Generalized SIC-Slater". Finally, we propose a set of numerical results on various molecular systems in order to submit the developed formalisms to the verdict of nature and to compare them with the usual SIC formalism
Maurice-Bokanowski, Olivier. "Formalisation mathématique de la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité en chimie quantique moléculaire". Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30154.
Texto completo da fonteShukri, Abdullah. "Ab initio electronic stopping power in materials". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2015. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01269549/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe knowledge of the stopping power is essential for a variety of applications which depend on the transport of ions in matter: for instance, the use of proton or heavier ion beams in radiotherapy. Whereas experimental data are readily available for elemental solids, the data are much more scarce for compounds. In this thesis, we develop a fully ab initio scheme based on linear response time-dependent density functional theory to predict the impact parameter averaged quantity named the random electronic stopping power (RESP) of materials without any empirical fitting. Our developments have been done within the open-source ab initio code named ABINIT, where two approximations are now available: the Random Phase Approximation (RPA) and the Adiabatic Local Density Approximation (ALDA). First, we demonstrate the importance of describing the realistic ab initio electronic structure by comparing ab initio against models based on the free-electron gas. We show that the calculated RESP compares well with experimental data, when at full convergence, with the inclusion of the core states and of the exchange-correlation. Also, we evaluate the unexpectedly limited magnitude of the non-linear terms in the RESP by comparing with other approaches based on the time-propagation of time-dependent density-functional theory. In addition, we check the validity of a few empirical rules of thumbs that are commonly employed for the experimental interpretation or for the prediction with empirical codes
Rebolini, Elisa. "Théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité à séparation de portée pour les énergies d'excitation moléculaires". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01027522.
Texto completo da fonteGageat, Cédric. "Solvatation de systèmes d'intérêt pharmaceutique : apports de la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité moléculaire". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEE047/document.
Texto completo da fonteDrug development is time and cost-consuming: It takes in average 10 years and 1 billion euros to move from a therapeutic target to a new drug. To speed up this process and reduce its cost, numerical simulation are massively used. Nevertheless, they remain limited, one reason of which is the huge amount of solvent molecules to consider. The molecular density functional theory is a liquid state theory that allows the study of the solvation thermodynamics of solutes of arbitrary shape. MDFT predicts, in few seconds only, the free energy of solvation and the solvent profils. These parameters are at the heart of many others calculation used by the pharmaceutical industry. This thesis is the first step towards these applications. For that purpose, we adapted the theory as well as the associated code to this new target, then applied them to system of biological interest
Vincendon, Marc. "Introduction de la relaxation dans la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité dépendant du temps". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30253/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis presents works in 5 areas where we aim at improving or extending toward dissipative cases the TDLDA (Time Dependent Local Density Approximation) method. - The propagation in a natural basis allows first to formalize technics which are a prerequisite to the operation of methods accounting for collisions. - The SIC (Self Interaction Correction) method improves the efficiency of the full Self Interaction Correction. It allows to use efficiently this method in complex conditions such as mixed systems of metallic and covalent molecules. - The TDCDFT (Time Dependent Current and Density Functional Theory) allows to consider some time delay effects by introducing a functional of time and current. It was extended to a 3 dimensional case on little atoms and clusters. The results confirm the damping already evidenced in previous works, but TDCDFT does not predict correctly the non-linear dependence of the damping versus the excitation energy. - The TDHF((Stochastic Time-Dependent Hartree Fock) method introduces correlation by a method of stochastics jumps, in separate time-histories. This method has been modified (Average Stochastic TDHF) to use only one mean field, the jumps are then accounted for by transition probabilities, which allow to modify the occupation numbers. In this form it can work only in a closed box. We show here its extension to an open calculation space. - The RTA (Relaxation Time Approximation) was developed in a 2 dimension model. We show here the extension of this method to 3 dimensions. The amplitude of the numerical method leads to the introduction of new optimization methods. But the results do confirm the tendencies observed in the 2 dimensional case. This method also allows calculation on new molecules
Sharkas, Kamal. "Développement de nouvelles méthodes hybrides en théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité par séparation linéaire de l’interaction électronique". Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066765.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis draws together methodological contributions to the hybrid methods in density functional theory (DFT). The combination of DFT and several wave function methods has been done by linear separation of the electron-electron interaction in the multideterminantal extension of the Kohn-Sham scheme. Aiming at improving the calculation of (near-)degeneracy correlation effects in molecular systems, we have developed the multiconfigurational hybrids which combine DFT with a multiconfiguration self-consistent field calculation. The coupling between DFT and second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) has provided the theoretical justification and development of double hybrid approximations which have been tested for molecular and extended systems
Toulouse, Julien. "Développements méthodologiques en chimie quantique : méthodes de Monte Carlo quantique et théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00851489.
Texto completo da fonteCalborean, Adrian. "Modélisation par la chimie quantique des systèmes hybrides pour des mémoires moléculaires". Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10166.
Texto completo da fonteThe general context ofthis work is the development ofnew electronic devices that utilize charge storage properties of redox-active molecules for memory applications. A collaborative approach involving both fundamental research in our laboratory and applied research teams from the CEAILETI has lead to the design of hybrid systems for molecular memories. Monolayers of redox-active molecules are formed on the semiconductor Si surface and the stable charged states of the molecules are utilized to store information. Our purpose was to understand the main parameters (molecule, )jnker) which govern the charge transfer between semiconducting Si surface and redox molecules and the electrical behaviour of such systems. The main objective ofthis thesis has thus been to develop Density Functional Theory approaches to describe the electronic properties of redox-active molecules and hybrid systems for the purpose of information storage. The first axis was dedicated to the modeling of redox processes of molecules such as metalloporphyrins with bistability properties. The second part was devoted to the study of redox-active molecules grafted on Si surface. Due to the hybrid nature of the latter systems, two approaches were developed. One was based on a molecular description, using Si aggregates in place of a Si surface, yielding a molecular orbital description of sorne relevant features: Homo-Lumo gaps, charge localization or structural properties. The other approach was focused on periodical calculations, with molecules grafted on 'infinite' Si surface. The resulting DOS were compared to molecular results, and discussed in the light of experimental data on electrical properties
Sharkas, Kamal. "Développement de nouvelles méthodes hybrides en théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité par séparation linéaire de l'interaction électronique". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00931866.
Texto completo da fontePollet, Rodolphe. "Développement et applications d'une méthode généralisant la Théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité à plusieurs déterminants de Slater". Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066525.
Texto completo da fonteLabet, Vanessa. "Étude théorique de quelques aspects de la réactivité des bases de l'ADN : définition de nouveaux outils théoriques d'étude de la réactivité chimique". Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10139.
Texto completo da fonteIn this work, three kinds of nucleobase damages were studied from a theoretical point of view with quantum chemistry methods based on the density-functional theory: the spontaneous deamination of cytosine and its derivatives, the formation of tandem lesion induced by hydroxyle radicals in anaerobic medium and the formation of pyrimidic dimers under exposition to an UV radiation. The complementary use of quantitative static methods allowing the exploration of the potential energy surface of a chemical reaction, and of “conceptual DFT” principles, leads to information concerning the mechanisms involved and to the rationalisation of the differences in the nucleobases reactivity towards the formation of a same kind of damage. At the same time, a reflexion was undertaken on the asynchronous concerted mechanism concept, in terms of physical meaning of the transition state, respect of the Maximum Hardness Principle, and determination of the number of primitive processes involved. Finally, a new local reactivity index was developed, relevant to understand the reactivity of a molecular system in an excited state
Huix, rotllant Miquel. "Noyau de corrélation amélioré pour la réponse linéaire de la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité dépendante du temps". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00680039.
Texto completo da fonteHuix, i. Rotllant Miquel. "Noyau de corrélation amélioré pour la réponse linéaire de la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité dépendante du temps". Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENV073/document.
Texto completo da fonteTime-dependent density-functional theory (TDDFT) is a density-functional method for calculating excited states. TDDFT is formally exact, though in practice one has to approximate the unknown exchange-correlation functional, which contains all the unknown many-body effects. The adiabatic functionals are the most commonly used. Although they are very successful for spectroscopy, the adiabatic functionals are too inaccurate to be applied to photochemistry. In this thesis, we show that the main problem is due to the approximations in the correlation functional. The main result of the thesis is a correlation kernel for linear-response TDDFT, derived using many-body perturbation theory techniques, which generally includes double excitations, thus introducing the leading correlation effects in the excited states. The comparison of this kernel with the adiabatic functionals allowed us to identify which correlation effects are missing in these approximation. We tested the possibility of improving the description of correlation by adding the missing terms from many-body theory to the adiabatic functionals. This mixed kernel is more efficient than the full many-body kernel, and can potentially be applied to systems of medium to large size
Profeta, Mickaël. "Prédictions des paramètres RMN 17O dans les solides cristallins et amorphes par la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité". Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066270.
Texto completo da fonteDarghouth, Ala Aldin M. Hani Mahmood. "Modélisation photochimique de la formation des électrons de conduction au sein de l'hétérojonction d'une cellule solaire organique". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV091/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe uncertainty surrounding petroleum production and the pollution associated with fossil fuels plus the series of well-known accidents of Three Mile Island, Chernobyl and Fukushima plus the desire to diversify energy sources are important factors favoring the development of solar cell technology. For certain applications organic photovoltaics are particularly interesting because (for example) of the possibility of printing these circuits and the creation of flexible solar cells in the form of adhesive tape. Following the seminal studies of Tang, so-called bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solarcells have been created by polymer phase separation. Some BHJ divices are already available commercially but their photovoltaic efficiency is still low. In order to aid in the improving this efficiency, we propose to model the critical process by which a local excitation (an "exciton") dissociates to form a conducting electron/hole pair. In contrast with the majority of solid-state physicists involved in studying this problem who seem to ignore the typically non-Born-Oppenheimer character of this event, we planto treat this event directly by photochemical modeling using semiclassical (Tully-type) surface-hopping dynamics with which we already have some experience. As the objective is the comprehension of highly complex systems, we propose exploratory calculations based on the TD-DFTB method, a semiemprical version of the time-dependent density-functional theory (TD-DFT) for which one of us is well-known for his pioneering work. The study will be carried out in collaboration with the ORGAVOLT group of developers of ab initio methods for modeling BHJs, and with groups in Singapore interested by BHJs, as well as with groups in Germany specializing in DFTB
Méheut-Le, Quéau Merlin. "Calcul prédictif du facteur de partage isotopique entre minéraux dans le cadre de la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00231076.
Texto completo da fontedesquelles on déduit ses propriétés de partage. Notre but est de valider une approche ab initio, i.e. libre de tout paramètre issu de l'expérience, permettant la prédiction du partage entre deux matériaux. On s'est intéressé aux matériaux: quartz, vapeur d'eau, glace, kaolinite, lizardite, enstatite, forstérite, brucite et gibbsite. Certains ont fait l'objet d'études expérimentales précises de leurs différentes propriétés physiques, ce qui nous permet de valider notre approche, et tous sont de grand intérêt en sciences de la Terre, ce qui nous permet de proposer de nouvelles lois de partage en fonction de la température, et de vérifier la validité de celles déjà proposées. C'est la première fois qu'une telle étude systématique est réalisée à partir d'une approche ab initio, et sur autant de systèmes différents. On a donc procédé à une étude la plus complète possible des sources d'erreur susceptibles d'influencer le résultat final. Par ailleurs, cette approche nous permet d'analyser de façon plus détaillée les processus physiques à l'origine du partage isotopique dans ces différents matériaux.
Godbout, Nathalie. "Ensembles de base pour la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité, structures moléculaires, propriétés mono-électroniques et modèles de zéolites". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq21467.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteSadr-Arani, Leila. "Étude de l'ionisation et de la fragmentation de bases de l'ADN-ARN par la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01015739.
Texto completo da fonteBoulet, Pascal. "Applications de la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité à l'interprétation de mécanismes catalytiques et à l'étude de phénomènes photochimiques". Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10105.
Texto completo da fonteDa, Rocha Sophie. "Modélisations des effets du désordre cationique dans le spinelle MgAl2O4 par mécanique moléculaire et théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité". Tours, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUR4009.
Texto completo da fonteCationic disorder in MgAl2O4 spinel has been studied in the framework of both molecular mechanics and density functional theory in local density approximation. New interatomic potentials have been optimized to reproduce disordered spinel properties. The evolution of cationic disorder rate with temperature and isostatic pressure is deduced from thermodynamic model and ab initio simulation. Relative density and heat capacity excess evolution are simulated as a function of cationic disorder. Infrared modes are calculated in the Brillouin zone centre for several disordered spinels. High pressure phase transitions have been also considered. It has been shown that a disordered spinel can not disproportionate into Al2O3 and MgO
Sadr-Arani, Leila. "Étude de l’ionisation et de la fragmentation de bases de l’ADN-ARN par la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10071/document.
Texto completo da fonteIonizing radiation (IR) cross human tissue, deposit energy and dissipate fragmenting molecules. The resulting fragments may be highlighted by mass spectrometry. Despite the amount of information obtained experimentally by the interpretation of the mass spectrum, experience alone cannot answer all the questions of the mechanism of fragmentation of DNA/RNA bases and a theoretical study is a complement to this information. A theoretical study allows us to know the weakest bonds in the molecule during ionization and thus may help to provide mechanisms of dissociation and produced fragments. The purpose of this work, using the DFT with the PBE functional, is to study the ionization and fragmentation mechanisms of DNA/RNA bases (Uracil, Cytosine, Adenine and Guanine) and to identify the cations corresponding to each peak in mass spectra. For all RNA bases, the retro Diels-Alder reaction (elimination of HNCO or NCO•) is a major route for dissociating, with the exception of adenine for which there is no atom oxygen in its structure. Loss of NH3 (NH2•) molecule is another common way to all bases that contain amine group. The possibility of the loss of hydrogen from the cations is also investigated, as well as the dissociation of dehydrogenated cations and protonated uracil. This work shows the interest of providing DFT calculation in the interpretation of mass spectra of DNA bases
Vidal, Sylvain. "Mécanismes d'ionisation de systèmes libres en lumière extrême décrits par la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité dépendante du temps". Phd thesis, Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1690/.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis presents a theoretical model, in the framework of time-dependent density functional theory, to describe the non-linear dynamics of metal clusters and small organic molecules exposed to an intense excitation (irradiation by a femtosecond laser, collision with multicharged ions). We have chosen to study, in particular, the dynamical mechanism of the depletion of the electronic levels for sodium clusters, pyridine and uracil. We observed that the distribution of emitted electrons sensitively depends on the photon frequency. Frequencies close to visible light only excite the electrons from the Fermi surface while the light in the ultraviolet high frequencies, like these delivered by free electron lasers, tends to remove the electrons from all electronic levels, with a preference for the deepest bounded valence states. We also studied photoelectron spectra of sodium clusters and we exhibited a correlation with the electronic depletion scheme
Vidal, Sylvain. "Mécanismes d'ionisation de systèmes libres en lumière extrême décrits par la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité dépendante du temps". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00735535.
Texto completo da fonteTruflandier, Lionel. "Détermination de paramètres RMN par la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité : application aux éléments 3d en RMN de l'état solide". Nante, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2083.
Texto completo da fonteBesides Zeeman levels perturbation, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) applied to solid state allows the observation of numerous coupling interactions that are not accessible in liquid state. Despite sequential developments for high resolution measurements, interpretation of resonance spectra remains delicate. .
Hemeryck, Anne. "Modélisation à l'échelle atomique des premiers stades de l'oxydation du silicium : théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité et Monte Carlo cinétique". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00319658.
Texto completo da fonteFouqueau, Antony. "Étude théorique de complexes de Fer par la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité : application au problème de piégeage de spin". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00256593.
Texto completo da fonteIachella, Mathilde. "Nucléation, Croissance et Morphologie de Nanoparticules d'Or et d'Or-Cuivre sur Support Rutile par la Théorie de la Fonctionnelle de la Densité". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEN034/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn this study, the nucleation, growth, morphology and reactivity of Au, Cu and AuCu nanoparticles have been examined on rutile TiO2 (110) stoiciometric, reduced and hydrated supports. First, the nucleation has been modeled via the adsorption and diffusion of Au and Cu atoms, thanks to density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and free energy diagrams in realistic conditions. DFT+U results have shown the promotor role of surface hydroxyl species on the nucleation, in agreement with STM experimental measurements.Then, the growth and coalescence thermodynamic properties for Au and Cu clusters (from 1 to 38 atoms) have been investigated with a systematic approach which has determinated precisely the relative stability for a large number of structures, and has underlined the difference for the competition between nucleation and growth between the two metals. For particles in the range 38-201 atoms and varied morphologies, the absolute stability of Au and Cu aggregates and AuCu nanoalloys has been evaluated through surface energy calculations. This approach has revealed the existence of linear relations between the chemical composition and the stability.Finally, the reactivity of Au, Cu and AuCu nanoparticles has been examined following two aspects : the deposition of 38 atoms clustered on the stoichiometric rutile support, and the adsorption of carbon monoxide at the interface between the metal and the support. This adsorption is a key step for the CO oxidation reaction ; an important process in heterogeneous catalysis
Tazi, Mouhsine. "Détermination de champs de forces de la porphine et des métalloporphines à l'aide de la théorie de la fonctionnelle de densité et leur validation par le calcul des intensités Raman de résonance". Lille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIL10135.
Texto completo da fonteLaunay, Maxence. "Application de la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité à l'étude de la structure et du comportement électrochimique de composés à base de métaux de transition". Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT2041.
Texto completo da fonteElectronic structure calculations based on DFT form an efficient method. This one, commonly used in solid state chemistry, is a performing way to link experiment with theory. The first part of this manuscript specifies the main characteristics of the DFT methods we used: FLAPW, pseudo-potentials, PAW. The next part presents a study on polytypism in the layered binary transition metal dichalcogenides (MQ2), based on total energy calculations. Effects of ionic, electronic and orbital contributions on the relative stabilities of MQ2 polytypes are highlighted. The last part is a study on some materials for lithium batteries: namely the b-LixVOXO4 (X = P, As, S). Optimised structures and calculated potential values are given, and a possible structure for LiVOSO4 is suggested. Calculations show the role played by X on the potential values as a function of both type and number of XO4 groups inside the cell. Results are also discussed depending on the choice of the exchange-correlation potential
Sayed-Ahmad, Baraza Yuman. "Theoretical and experimental studies of structure and functionalization of 2D nanomaterials". Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT4016/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn this thesis, ab initio DFT methods and complementary experimental techniques are used to study 2D materials. The manuscript focuses on our studies on the polymorphism, edges and functionalization of the 2D-material MoS2. Additionally, we show that functionalization with similar species can be extended to other 2D materials by including studies on the functionalization of graphene. We have studied using DFT calculations the relative stability of different MoS2 polymorphs and associated edge reconstructions, and have proposed qualitative models for understanding the stability trends. Functionalization of MoS2 by covalent and non-covalent strategies is also explored in collaboration with experimental partners. In particular, our calculations indicate that MoS2 can be covalently functionalized, preferentially at edges, leading to a final stable hybrid. This strategy is used to functionalize MoS2 with a photoactive pyrene group that shows significant interaction with MoS2. Experimental results obtained by our collaborators are consistent with our theoretical findings, and an interaction between the photoexcited pyrene moiety and MoS2 is found. A similar interaction is found for direct noncovalent functionalization of the basal plane of MoS2 both theoretically and experimentally. Finally, we show that pyrene derivatives can also be used for functionalizing graphenerelated materials for energy storage applications
Perron, Hadrien. "Simulation par la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité de l'interaction de l'ion uranyle avec des surfaces de TiO2 et de NiFe2O4". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00179312.
Texto completo da fontePerron, Hadrien. "Simulation par la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité de l’interaction de l’ion uranyle avec les surfaces de TiO2 et de NiFe2O4". Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112117.
Texto completo da fonteThis study, performed within the framework of a collaboration between the IPN in Orsay and EDF, takes place within the problematic of radioactivity control in geological depository or in nuclear power plants. The interaction mechanisms of ions at solid / liquid interfaces are often very complex and thus very hard to characterize. The use of atomic modelling, and more particularly of ab initio type calculations such as the density functional theory, allow to access to surface complexes structural and energetic properties. First, this theoretical approach has been validated on the experimentally uranyl / rutile TiO2 well-known system. The systematic comparisons between experimental data and theoretical results have allowed to demonstrate the ability of this approach to properly describe this complex system. Then, a similar study has been performed as a predictive tool on the uranyl / NiFe2O4 system which is not characterized experimentally. The goal of these studies was to determine if theoretical calculations are able to bring usable and reliable data when the experimental studies are too hard to set up
Payet, Jimmy. "États fondamentaux dans l'approximation quasi-classique pour des modèles d'électrodynamique quantique non relativiste". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0045.
Texto completo da fonteIn this thesis, we study quantum field theory models that describe the interactions between a non-relativistic particle and a quantized radiation field. In particular, we focus on the minimization of the quasi-classical energy of the considered models, i.e. the energy of the system when the field is in a coherent state. A first result concerns the Spin-boson model. It is a simple (but non-trivial) model where the non-relativistic particle is described by a finite dimensional system and is linearly coupled to a quantized scalar field. We obtain an explicit expression for the quasi-classical ground state energy and the set of minimizers for this model, for any values of the coupling constant. We also prove that the set of minimizers is trivial when the coupling constant is below a critical value. We also obtain the existence of a ground state for the energy when the field is in a superposition of two coherent states.Next, we consider models where the non-relativistic particle is described by a Schrödinger operator. In the case where the coupling between the particle and the field is linear in the creation and annihilation operators (Nelson model, polaron model for instance), we show the existence and uniqueness of a quasi-classical ground state associated with the quasi-classical energy, up to a phase symmetry. We consider a general external potential, either bindind or confining, and do not impose an ultraviolet cutoff in the definition of the energy functional. Then, we obtain an asymptotic expansion of the quasi-classical ground state energy as the coupling parameter goes to 0. Finally, by making the energy depend on the ultraviolet parameter, we prove that the ground states and associated ground state energies converge in the ultraviolet limit. In the case of the standard model of non-relativistic quantum electrodynamics with a spin, under similar assumptions, we show the existence of a quasi-classical ground state. We also obtain an asymptotic expansion as the coupling parameter tends to 0 and the convergence of the ground state energies in the ultraviolet limit
Zhao, Xuefei. "Modélisation de la structure et de la réactivité de complexes de Sm(II)". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30142.
Texto completo da fonteThis doctoral dissertation presents a theoretical investigation of the structure and reactivity of samarium(II) complex by means of DFT calculations. In this context, we focused on the exploration of the mechanisms in Sm(II) iodide (SmI2) mediated reactions towards organic substrates. A brief introduction of SmI2 reagent has been included at the beginning to address general aspects of this important reducing reagent. After the presentation of theoretical chemistry used for modeling of organometallic reactivity, this dissertation is mainly arranged by the class of additives utilized to study the reactivity of SmI2: (1) Lewis base-HMPA; (2) Proton source-H2O. Mechanistic study of SmI2-HMPA mediated reactions is first presented and special emphasis is placed on samarium Barbier reaction (iodo-alkane + ketone). In light of previous evidence, a new mechanism that provides insights for the selective reduction of alkyl halide over carbonyls by SmI2-HMPA is suggested. Then, the reactivity of SmI2-H2O mediated reduction of important functional groups is investigated. The role of H2O is uncovered in the electron transfer process. This study is then extended to the full reduction of valerolactone and aliphatic ester with SmI2-H2O and SmI2/H2O/Amine. The results show that the reduction proceeds through a bimetallic proton coupled electron transfer (BPCET) process. In particular, the activation of H2O in the first coordination shell by Sm center or the amine acting as a proton relay promotes the BPCET cascade
Leconte, Jérôme. "Etude quantique d'adsorption sur des surfaces parfaites H20/Si(III)7x7 et H2/Ti02(110)". Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066533.
Texto completo da fonteSirois, Suzanne. "Applications de la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité aux systèmes (bio)organiques et inorganiques, vers un protocole pour la modélisation moléculaire quantique". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq21514.pdf.
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