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Hauswald, Rico. "Fiktive Figuren als Träger von Wissen und als epistemische Autoritäten". Journal of Literary Theory 13, n.º 2 (6 de setembro de 2019): 161–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jlt-2019-0006.
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Abstract This essay examines the question of whether and under what conditions a fictitious character can be an epistemic authority for (real) readers; more precisely: it asks whether and under what conditions readers can acquire (propositional) knowledge from the character, thus learning something from it. In answering this question, the essay brings together two debates that have so far hardly been related to each other: an epistemological debate on the concept of epistemic authority and a literary-theoretical debate on aesthetic cognitivism, i. e., the discourse about what can be learned from the reception of fictional texts. In order for a person to be an epistemic authority for another person, two conditions must be met: 1) the first person must have an advantage in knowledge over the second person that the second person recognizes and acknowledges as such; and 2) the second person must have appropriate access to this knowledge. In order to clarify to what extent a fictitious character and a real reader can be related in this way, I first examine what it means to attribute knowledge to a fictitious character. To do so, I suggest the following analysis: In story S, character C knows that p if and only if C believes in S that p; p is true in S; and C is justified in S to believe that p (this suggestion, based on the classical definition of knowledge, can easily be adapted for other suggested analyses: all that is required is that all conditions in the analysis – whatever they might be – lie inside the scope of the fiction operator). Furthermore, a knowledge attribution of the form »In S, C knows whether p« is true if and only if in S, C knows that p or knows that not-p. On the question of the correctness-conditions for knowledge attributions of the form »In S, C knows that p« and »In S, C knows whether p«, I will then enter the debate about fictional truths. This is necessary for two reasons. On the one hand, the attribution of knowledge is nothing but the assertion of a particular fictional truth. And on the other hand, an attribution of knowledge involves another fictional fact, namely the fact p (which I call the »underlying fact«). The view that is largely held in the discussion about fictional truth following Lewis is that what is true in a story does not result solely from the explicit assertions in the text, but also from plausible consequences [Plausibilitätsschlüssen] that we can be further justified in drawing. More precisely, the following possibilities arise for both facts – the underlying fact as well as the attribution of knowledge: Either the text explicitly contains a reference to the fact. Or it does not contain such an explicit reference, but the question of whether the fact obtains can still be answered on the basis of plausibility conclusions. Or there are no explicit references and plausibility conclusions cannot be drawn. In this case, there is a point of indeterminacy. These distinctions result in a number of possible combinations corresponding to different types of situations, some interesting instance of which I examine in more detail. One case that is especially remarkable is when there is a point of indeterminacy in the text with regard to the underlying fact, which – as I illustrate with an example – does not exclude the possibility that knowledge can be attributed to a character with regard to the proposition in question. The claim is often made about indeterminate passages that not even God can know whether the facts in question obtain – and this is correct. Hence if we are entitled to attribute the knowledge in question to a character, this shows that fictitious characters can not only know more than the reader or the author, but even more than God. Such situations also illustrate that more knowledge does not have to go hand in hand with more epistemic authority. For readers, the indeterminate passage remains unresolvable, and readers cannot learn anything from the character in this regard. This leads me to the question of under which conditions the reader can learn something from a character to whom knowledge is attributed that the reader does not possess. A fundamental problem for the idea that there could be something like a transfer of knowledge between a fictitious character and a real reader is that both belong to different ontological spheres, so to speak: the reader is real, the character merely fictitious. If a character were to be an epistemic authority for a reader, this would be a case of a transfictional epistemic authority, which must be distinguished from »ordinary« epistemic authorities as well as from fictitious epistemic authorities and from epistemic authorities for fictitious truths. I propose to analyze transfictional epistemic authorities using the make-believe theory and the extended-pretense operator: When readers find themselves in extended pretense and pretend to be part of the fictitious world, they become at least imaginatively capable of interacting with the characters, so that the characters can become imaginary epistemic authorities for the readers. I also discuss the cognitivism debate and argue that the (fictitious) knowledge of a character can affect not only intra-fictional but also extra-fictional objects and truths. A main objection to the cognitivist view that readers can acquire propositional knowledge of reality from reading fictional texts is that fictional texts are not reliable sources and that the beliefs the reader may form through reading cannot be justified. I reject this objection and argue that readers can also acquire knowledge about reality through the attribution of knowledge to fictitious characters or even from speech acts that the characters make in the story. Finally, I will deal with a possible objection that the epistemic authority that a character can have is completely parasitic on that of the author: the objection here is that if readers learn something, it’s actually from the author. In contrast, I argue that fictitious characters can acquire an independent epistemic authority that cannot be reduced to that of the author.
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Oktaviani, Danissa Dyah. "Konsep Fantasi dalam Film". REKAM 15, n.º 2 (1 de outubro de 2019): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24821/rekam.v15i2.3356.
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Fantasy films were born from the development of fiction films that have shown existence since the beginning of its history. Fantasy films have their own charm because they can penetrate time and space compared to other genres. Fiction films develop from their creators both in terms of story and cinematography because fiction films are at the center of the poles: real and abstract. Its greatest strength lies in its ability to integrate and combine with other genres without exception and can be broadly developed unlimitedly. That is because fantasy films contain elements with different characteristics from other films where if a fantasy film has one element in the making of the film then it has been said to be a fantasy film. The elements or components that are seen are derived from the narrative and cinematic elements of filmmaking which contain ideas of stories, characters, and settings in a film. These three elements are the forming components of fantasy films that are fictitious and imaginative. The idea of the story is not based on an imaginary reality, that is a fiction that makes no sense. In the case of fantasy films, filmmakers will compete to develop and present ideas that have not been thought of before, so the audience seems to be carried away in a new world outside of real life. Character characters in fantasy films are the imagination of creators in fictitious forms, such as: animal characters, extraterrestrials, monsters, robots, and non-physical characters such as ghosts, spirits and holograms. While the background elements in fantasy films have a character setting place and time imaginative events are unique in unknown times or dimensions, can be past, present, and future with the centuries formed by the creators.
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Klein, Holger. "Robert Nye’s Falstaff: A Remarkable Case of Creative Reception". Revista Alicantina de Estudios Ingleses, n.º 25 (15 de novembro de 2012): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/raei.2012.25.16.
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Among fictitious autobiographies as well as among historical novels, Robert Nye’s Falstaff (1976) is a special case in that it is not the autobiography of a historical personage, but of a dramatic character —who happens to be one of the most famous in Shakespeare, indeed in world drama, to be dictated by Falstaff to various amanuenses. After briefly discussing the sub-genre of fictitious autobiography, this paper will analyze the varied use of intertextuality, the tensions fabricated between the autobiographer and his helpers, and the critical thoughts and tendencies which Nye absorbed in preparing the work with particular emphasis on the clash between the Shakespearean intertexts and the diction surrounding it.
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Ricard, Marcelle, e Mary Kamberk-Kilicci. "Children's Empathic Responses to Emotional Complexity". International Journal of Behavioral Development 18, n.º 2 (junho de 1995): 211–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016502549501800202.
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The aim of this study was to assess the empathic reactivity of children when confronted with two different emotions felt by the same character. A total of 90 girls, divided into three equal groups aged 4, 6, and 8 years, were asked to verbally respond to a series of fictitious stories illustrated by a picture where the character's face was left blank. Four of these episodes implied one simple emotion, and the remaining four were complex episodes where the situation potentially induced two opposite emotions within the character, either successively or simultaneously. Empathy was scored according to (a) the match between the emotion identified in the character and the one reported by the subject, and (b) the interpretation given for the subject's reaction. Both the quality of the match and the level of interpretation from self-to event-to character-centred justifications-were found to increase with age, for complex as well as for simple emotions. However, children of all three age-groups displayed less empathic capabilities when witnessing complex rather than simple episodes, given the more demanding task involved in recognising and sharing emotional complexity. Finally, successive emotions appeared more difficult to cope with than simultaneous emotions, but this decalage may be due to the content of the stimuli used in this study.
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Aguilera Sustaita, Christian Ariel. "“Our Message Can Be Summarized with These Words: Britain First”: A Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis of the Speech of Oswald Mosley’s character from the Peaky Blinders Series". Open Journal for Studies in Linguistics 5, n.º 1 (14 de agosto de 2022): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.ojsl.0501.02011a.
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Fascism is a radical and polemic political movement that had its origin in Italy after World War I. Thereupon, different versions of this ideology emerged in several European countries such as England, where Oswald Mosley was its precursor and the founder of the British Union of Fascists. Through his powerful speeches, he achieved to persuade the English elite to help him position himself as a leader and establish fascism in Britain. This article addresses a fictitious interpretation of Oswald Mosley giving a political speech in the middle of a sophisticated party. The main intention of this work is to explore the mechanisms of persuasion employed by the fictitious version of Mosley to address his audiences and convince them to accept his message. Some findings reveal that the use of polite expressions as well as remarkable confidence in his speech, helped Mosley gain the sympathy of his listeners.
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Byrd, Mark. "The Effects of Previously Acquired Knowledge on Memory for Textual Information". International Journal of Aging and Human Development 24, n.º 3 (abril de 1987): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/twue-rqjd-pepw-7v2b.
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The present experiment was designed to examine how the semantic memory store of previously acquired knowledge affects the ability of young and old adults to retain textual information. The participants were presented with a series of biographical passages and were told they concerned either a famous historical character or a fictitious character. In an immediate recognition test, both young and old adults were able to discriminate between test and distractor sentences. However, in the delayed recognition condition, older adults had considerable difficulty in differentiating between target and distractor sentences, particularly in the famous character story condition. It was thought that as the older adults' episodic memory for the story deteriorated, they were unable to discriminate successfully between their store of previously acquired knowledge and the recently learned textual information.
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Giambanco, F., e L. Palizzolo. "Optimal Bounds on Plastic Deformations for Bodies Constituted of Temperature-Dependent Elastic Hardening Material". Journal of Applied Mechanics 64, n.º 3 (1 de setembro de 1997): 510–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2788922.
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Bounds are investigated on the plastic deformations in a continuous solid body produced during the transient phase by cyclic loading not exceeding the shakedown limit. The constitutive model employs internal variables to describe temperature-dependent elastic-plastic material response with hardening. A deformation bounding theorem is proved. Bounds turn out to depend on some fictitious self-stresses and mechanical internal variables evaluated in the whole structure. An optimization problem, aimed to make the bound most stringent, is formulated. The Euler-Lagrange equations related to this last problem are deduced and they show that the relevant optimal bound has a local character, i.e., it depends just on some fictitious plastic deformations produced in the same region of the body where the bounded real plastic deformations are considered. The bounding technique is also generalized to the case of loads arbitrarily varying in a given domain. An application is worked out.
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Huang, Xiaoyu. "Analysis of Young Girls' Eagerness to Spend for Disney Virtual Characters Based on Marketing Mix Theory". BCP Business & Management 43 (24 de março de 2023): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v43i.4626.
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A virtual character is a design of a fictitious creature with distinctive characteristics created by people, and Disney virtual characters are those Intellectual Property (IP) images that appeared in Disneyland and Disney movies. This investigation aimed to explore why many younger females are keen to spend money on Disney virtual characters. This paper adopted the Marketing Mix Theory strategy (product, price, placement, and promotion) marketing mix theory, and the SWOT analysis method has been utilized. This paper investigated the relationship between the 4Ps and consumers’ purchasing intentions, and it turned out that unique design and effective promotion in this Disney case would promote consumers’ purchase intention, while the higher price and less accessible placements affect their purchase intentions. Thus, the high price and limited places somewhat inhibit customers' desire to buy, due to the attractiveness of the product itself and the promotion on the internet, the target consumers are still willing to consume.
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Polizzi, Gilles. "Fantômes et contrefaçons dans l’oeuvre de Béroalde de Verville : ouvrages virtuels, fictifs et fictionnels". Renaissance and Reformation 34, n.º 3 (26 de julho de 2012): 91–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/rr.v34i3.17022.
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This article proposes to take inventory of and examine, in the abundant vervilienne production, the absent works, non-existent or “disguised.” Reflecting upon the relationship between title and identity, as well as our aptitude to deduce from a title the content and character of a work, the author of this article defines the process of “bibliographical illusion,” used frequently by Verville, who, in his bibliography, multiplies these ghosts. Hence, this article sorts the works while considering, in an approximately chronological order, virtual books (announced, but not published and perhaps not written), fictitious books (those whose title suggests camouflage or forgery), and invented disguises; because the science of the book is fueled by invention. This article concludes with the unexpected restoration of a book as real, from the category of fictitious works. Bibliography is then not only the art of listing titles, but also the art and the science of linking titles with works the art of testing the game of bookish inventions and trickery.
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Crane, Susan. "Alison's Incapacity - Reply". Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 102, n.º 5 (outubro de 1987): 835–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/s0030812900173754.
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Susan Crane's “Alison's Incapacity and Poetic Instability in the Wife of Bath's Tale” (102 [1987]: 20–28), though superior to many of the articles it cites, finally demonstrates not so much the Wife's “incapacity” as the inadequacy of an approach that Crane shares with many critics of the Wife of Bath. The approach is characterized by a failure to distinguish sufficiently between the prologue and the tale and by the related assumption (despite words to the contrary) that Alison is a real person, not a fictitious character.
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Luchitskaya, Svetlana I. "“LA PRINCESSE LOINTAINE”. BETWEEN LITERARY IMAGE AND HISTORICAL CHARACTER". RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. "Literary Theory. Linguistics. Cultural Studies" Series, n.º 4 (2022): 32–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2686-7249-2022-4-32-49.
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This article attempts to reconstruct the historical context in which the well-known verses on “distant love” (amor de lohn), composed by the Provençal poet Jaufré Rudel, gave rise to a legend that became popular in medieval literature. A romantic story about a troubadour who fell in love with a Beautiful Lady gained extraordinary popularity among the romantics of the 19th century. It was used in a number of literary works of various genres – from the poems of Francesco Petrarca, Heinrich Heine, Ludwig Uhland, to Edmond Rostand’s play “The Distant Princess” (La Princesse Lointaine). For the first time the Distant Princess, with whom the troubadour supposedly fell in love without ever seeing her, was identified with the Countess of Tripoli in the legendary vida of the troubadour dating from the mid-13th century. Later, we see the story repeated many times in the literary monuments including the works of romantics of the 19th and 20th centuries. Traditionally, literary scholars debate the question whether the Countess of Tripoli should be considered as a fictitious character or a historical figure. Avoiding that dispute, the author seeks to single out those events and facts in the history of the house of Tripoli and its members that could be reinterpreted in the folk imagination and historical memory
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Lubelski, Tadeusz. "Krzysztof Kieślowski’s “Camera Buff”: a revised version of “First Love”". Images. The International Journal of European Film, Performing Arts and Audiovisual Communication 24, n.º 33 (25 de março de 2019): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/i.2018.33.11.
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The article develops its title thesis, which proposes interpreting Kieślowski’s Camera Buff (Amator, 1979), his second full-length feature film, as a revised version of his documentary First Love, made five years earlier. Both films have similar starting points ‒ the story of a couple expecting the birth of their first child. But the conclusion in each case also has something in common and results in the abandoning of a film project. The latter similarity meant that Kieślowski changed the character of the main protagonist in his full-length movie. It is no longer a documentary hero but the film auteur himself. This was probably the essence of the director’s artistic discovery made while shooting Camera Buff. It meant the abandonment of the documentary character when the prolonged relationship with him (and her) proved to be ethically dubious and his (and her) development predictable. At the same time, Kieślowski expressed his own creative experience as the film’s author creating a fictitious character in Camera Buff, inspired by various figures of real ‘prototypes’.
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Sheikh, Adnan Rashid, Muhammad Ashfaq Munaf e Ameer Sultan. "Facets of Focalisation in James Joyce’s A Painful Case: A Narrative Analysis". Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 10, n.º 4 (31 de dezembro de 2022): 1668–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.52131/pjhss.2022.1004.0324.
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The present paper deals with modern narrative theory concentrating on focalisation and its facets in the short story A Painful Case by James Joyce. The cognitively minded narratological notion of focalisation, a term coined by Genette (1983), developed by Uspenski? (1973) and broadened and refined by Rimmon-Kenan (2003), discusses the perceptual, psychological, and ideological positions adopted by the narrator(s) or character(s) in the tale (s). In recent years, there has been considerable interest in focalisation and its implications for narrativity and fictionality. The present paper is an endeavour to analyse the short story A Painful Case by James Joyce through perceptual, psychological, and ideological facets of focalisation. The reader can better understand the text and deduce how the characters at the two levels of discourse and story view the fictitious world and how they are connected via this study. In conclusion, the study of focalization enables us to perceive the story as a network with several layers and consolidates our appreciation of Joyce’s narrative environment design.
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Herrero Ruiz, Javier. "At the crossroads between literature, culture, linguistics, and cognition: local character-based metaphors in fairy tales". Journal of English Studies 13 (15 de dezembro de 2015): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/jes.3060.
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This paper resumes the series devoted to metaphors in fairy tales (cf. Herrero 2005a, 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2010). We attempt to show how five conceptual metaphors (PEOPLE ARE ANIMALS, PEOPLE ARE PLANTS, IMPERFECT IS IRREGULAR, LOVE IS MAGIC, and REAL PEOPLE ARE FICTITIOUS CHARACTERS) and their variants may occur at a local level in the narration, allowing us to understand the magical depiction of characters and some of the relationships they may establish in the tales under analysis.The tales, which were compiled by the British author Andrew Lang (1844-1912), are representative of different cultures and have been downloaded from the Project Gutenberg online library. Our research also supports Herrero’s claims that (1) conceptual metaphor may serve as a taxonomic criterion for tales, and that (2) although many of these stories belong to different socio-cultural settings, they are coincident with the same plots and local metaphors employed, which may be a result of their strong experiential basis.
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Ageeva, Natalia. "To the question of the boundaries of the fictionality of the narrated event. "Every hundred years. A novel with a diary" by A. Matveeva". Филология: научные исследования, n.º 8 (agosto de 2023): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0749.2023.8.43637.
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The object of research in this article was A. Matveeva's novel "Every Hundred Years", published in 2022 and included in the shortlist of the Big Book Award. A novel with a diary." The specificity of this work lies in the fact that the parallel developing life stories of the two heroines are presented in the form of their personal diaries, one of which is fictitious in nature, and the second is a real diary, which was kept throughout her life by A. Matveeva's grandmother, Ksenia Mikhailovna Levshina. In this regard, the question arises not only about the distinction between fiction and nonfiction literature, but also about what happens to the status of a personal diary belonging to the category of non-aesthetic texts when it is included in the context of a work of fiction, the solution of which became the purpose of this study. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the introduction to the theoretical basis of the study were the classical works of M. Riffater, J. Genette and V. Yser, devoted to the nature of fictionality, as well as general provisions concerning the signs of a fictional text, set out in the work of V. Schmid "Narratalogy". In the process of analyzing the novel, it was revealed that when fragments of the text of real diaries are placed in the context of a deliberately fictitious world, not only the relationship of the image of the character Xenichka to the real referent (K. M. Levshina) is lost, but also the text of her personal diaries lose their connection with factuality and acquire the status of an object of comprehension. The narrated event in the novel, therefore, is not only and not so much the life stories of the two characters, but also the interaction of the factual and fictional, intimate ego-document and novel, the very writing of any text, both artistic and documentary, and the understanding of life as an aesthetic object.
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Matijašević, Željka. "Fragmentation vs. Integration in Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment". Dostoevsky Journal 21, n.º 1 (5 de setembro de 2020): 64–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23752122-02101004.
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In this paper I analyse the internal splitting in Raskolnikov’s character, and the path which leads him from fragmentation to integration. The splitting of the character is explained as complemented by the split in the novel through the ‘surprising’ end of the novel, both in its style and brevity, i.e. the resolution of the internal conflict via Raskolnikov’s mystical turn to faith. The splitting comprises the fact that Raskolnikov must alienate himself in radical alterity in order to come to his authentic self; the split between the fictitious, false self of the extraordinary man and the realistic and true self of the ordinary man at the end of the novel tells the story of how the fragmented self, paradoxically, opens up the way to the integrated self. For this purpose I have relied mostly on Lacanian concepts, as Lacan’s idea of the integrated ‘I’ is closely related to the ethical act by which the Symbolic is transgressed, and which represents a radical alienation in the Real concomitant with the temporary suspension of the Symbolic.
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Ford, Akkadia. "Whose Club Is It Anyway?: The Problematic of Trans Representation in Mainstream Films––“Rayon” and Dallas Buyers Club". Screen Bodies 1, n.º 2 (1 de dezembro de 2016): 64–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/screen.2016.010205.
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Dallas Buyers Club (2013) offers a stereotypical representation of trans themes and images that do not fit contemporary gender-diverse communities, creating negative images and damaging connotations that could last for years. This article explores the stereotypical characterization and clichéd narrative devices deployed to create the fictitious character of Rayon in Dallas Buyers Club and examines the ongoing problematic of trans representation within mainstream cinematic texts by comparing Dallas Buyers Club with The Crying Game (1992), Boys Don’t Cry (1999), and Transamerica (2005). To contextualize the ongoing issues raised by the film and its screenplay, this article reads Rayon as one example in a long line of socially proscribed Hollywood “fallen women,” here, with the narrative displaced onto the transgender body.
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Steiger, Sahar, Julian Moeller, Julia F. Sowislo, Roselind Lieb, Undine E. Lang e Christian G. Huber. "General and Case-Specific Approval of Coercion in Psychiatry in the Public Opinion". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, n.º 3 (23 de janeiro de 2023): 2081. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032081.
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Background: Psychiatric patients are subjected to considerable stigmatization, in particular, because they are considered aggressive, uncontrollable, and dangerous. This stigmatization might influence the approval of coercive measures in psychiatry by the public and healthcare professionals and might have an influence on the clinical practice of coercive measures. We examined whether the general approval of coercive measures for psychiatric patients with dangerous behaviors differs from case-specific approval. Method: We conducted a representative survey of the general population (n = 2207) in the canton of Basel-Stadt, Switzerland. In total, 1107 participants assessed a case vignette depicting a fictitious character with a mental illness and indicated whether they would accept coercive measures (involuntary hospitalization, involuntary medication, and seclusion) for the person in the vignette. It was explicitly stated that within the last month, the fictitious character displayed no dangerous behavior (Vignette ND) or dangerous behavior (Vignette D). Another 1100 participants were asked whether they would approve coercive measures (involuntary hospitalization, involuntary medication, and seclusion) for psychiatric patients with dangerous behavior in general (General D), i.e., without having received or referring to a specific case vignette. Findings: The logistic regression model containing all variables explained 45% of the variance in approval of any type of coercive measures. Assessment of case vignettes without dangerous behavior (Vignette ND) was associated with significantly reduced approval of coercive measures compared to assessment of a case vignette with dangerousness (Vignette D), while approval for coercive measures in a person with mental health disorder with dangerous behavior in general (General D) was significantly higher than for the case vignette with dangerousness. Conclusions: The general approval of coercive measures for people with mental disorders seems to differ depending on if the respondents are asked to give a general assessment or to examine a specific and detailed clinical case vignette, indicating an increased role of stigmatization when asking about generalized assessments. This may contribute to diverging findings on the acceptance of coercive measures in the literature and should be considered when designing future studies.
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SOWARD, A. M., e P. H. ROBERTS. "The hybrid Euler–Lagrange procedure using an extension of Moffatt's method". Journal of Fluid Mechanics 661 (2 de agosto de 2010): 45–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112010002867.
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The hybrid Euler–Lagrange (HEL) description of fluid mechanics, pioneered largely by Andrews & McIntyre (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 89, 1978, pp. 609–646), has had to face the fact, in common with all Lagrangian descriptions of fluid motion, that the variables used do not describe conditions at the coordinate x, upon which they depend, but conditions elsewhere at some displaced position xL(x, t) = x + ξ(x, t), generally dependent on time t. To address this issue, we employ ‘Lie dragging’ techniques of general tensor calculus to extend a method introduced by Moffatt (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 166, 1986, pp. 359–378) in the fluid dynamic context, whereby the point x is dragged to xL(x, t) by a ‘fictitious steady flow’ η*(x, t) in a unit of ‘fictitious time’. Whereas ξ(x, t) is a Lagrangian concept intimately linked to the location xL(x, t), the ‘dragging velocity’ η*(x, t) has an essentially Eulerian character, because it describes the fictitious velocity at x itself. For the case of constant-density fluids, we show, using solenoidal η*(x, t) instead of solenoidal ξ(x, t), how the HEL theory can be cast into Eulerian form. A useful aspect of this Eulerian development is that the mean flow itself remains solenoidal, a feature that traditional HEL theories lack. Our method realizes the objective sought by Holm (Physica D, vol. 170, 2002, pp. 253–286) in his derivation of the Navier–Stokes–α equation, which is the basis of one of the methods currently employed to represent the sub-grid scales in large-eddy simulations. His derivation, based on expansion to second order in ξ, contained an error which, when corrected, implied a violation of Kelvin's theorem on the constancy of circulation in inviscid incompressible fluid. We show that this is rectified when the expansion is in η* rather than ξ, Kelvin's theorem then being satisfied to all orders for which the expansion converges. We discuss the implications of our approach using η* for the Navier–Stokes–α theory.
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Pieper, Henning. "The SS in heavy metal lyrics". Metal Music Studies 6, n.º 3 (1 de setembro de 2020): 359–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/mms_00023_1.
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The article seeks to examine why heavy metal bands used history and imagery associated with the ‘Schutzstaffel’ (SS). This includes the reasons for the focus on this particular organization as well as the intentions behind it: are compositions about historical facts or rather fictitious topics, that is, are they an accurate analysis, a provocation or just entertainment? The article takes a closer look at the historical background and the content of the songs; it also questions the awareness of the criminal character of the SS displayed by the musicians. The time span covered by the songs in question reaches from the mid-1980s to the early 2000s. Thus, it can be asked if the attitude of musicians changed over time and if they included the current state of research in their lyrics.
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Tatár, Jozef. "Beletristická rekonštrukcia portrétu Štefana Krčméryho z posledných rokov života (Anton Baláž, Povedz slovo čisté, 2017)". Conversatoria Litteraria 17, n.º XVII (20 de outubro de 2023): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.34739/clit.2023.17.11.
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The novel’s portrayal of an unknown part of the life of Štefan Krčméry (1892 – 1955), his stay in a psychiatric asylum (1949–1955), belongs to the category of rare topics in contemporary Slovak fiction. In the novel Povedz slovo čisté, Anton Baláž gradually uncovers Krčméry’s complex, dramatic internal life through depictions of the onset and overcoming of apathetic states in the narrative, which also contains a series of diary entries by Júlia Orlovská, Krčméry’s attending physician. These entries record his lasting commitment to such values as the nation, religious faith, creative freedom, and the liberating space of literature. Carefully revealing his thoughts, attitudes and desires, Baláž completes the image of Krčméry as that of an artist, scientist, and preacher, who tries to hold on to these values even at the end of his life journey. Karol Matulay, the director of the treatment center in Pezinok, who is closely monitored by the new totalitarian regime, perceives him as a person with a „liberated imagination” or creative freedom, which can serve as a model for the „crouched imagination of Bratislava’s literati”. While the image of the final stage of Krčméry’s life seems more static, the fictitious character of Jakub Daňo, an ambitious student interested the world of literature, appears as a more dynamic and emotionally active character. According to the author, Krčméry confronts himself with the emotional experience of situations in time and space contained in his memory, with the time against which he is powerless and deprived of human dignity, due to his illness, but free. As a historical and sociological document, Baláž’s novel Povedz slovo čisté (2017) did not generate the „hero/heroes” of the current chaotic digital age; instead, the motivation behind his characters’ actions and behavior is timeless, while its empirical and epistemological value for the present-day reader is indisputable.
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Pierini, Stefano. "Low-Frequency Variability, Coherence Resonance, and Phase Selection in a Low-Order Model of the Wind-Driven Ocean Circulation". Journal of Physical Oceanography 41, n.º 9 (1 de setembro de 2011): 1585–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-10-05018.1.
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Abstract In this paper, a low-order spectral quasigeostrophic (QG) model of the wind-driven ocean circulation is derived and used to analyze the low-order character of the intrinsic low-frequency variability of the midlatitude double-gyre ocean circulation and of the related coherence resonance and phase selection phenomena. The model includes an exponential in the basis functions that allows for westward intensification, retains only four modes in the Galerkin projection, is defined in a rectangular domain, and is forced by deterministic and stochastic winds, thus extending previous low-order QG ocean models. The solution under steady forcing is first obtained, and the results are also analyzed in terms of dynamical systems theory. A homoclinic bifurcation (with the wind amplitude chosen as the control parameter) leads to intrinsic decadal relaxation oscillations (ROs) similar in several respects to those obtained with primitive equation models. The system is then forced with an additional red noise wind, and, in a parameter range preceding the global bifurcation, a coherence resonance scenario very similar to the one found with a primitive equation model of the Kuroshio Extension is obtained: this suggests that such a phenomenon is of low-order character. To study the RO excitation mechanism, a method denoted as phase selection is proposed. The system is forced with additional fictitious periodic winds that produce an emergence of ROs yielding strong phase dependence with the periodic forcing. The subsequent analysis reveals the character of the wind forcing that is most likely to excite a RO. All the results are discussed within the general framework of climate dynamics.
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Park, A. J., e G. V. Scerri. "Munchausen's Syndrome—Masquerading as Necrotizing Fasciitis". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 89, n.º 3 (março de 1996): 170P—171P. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014107689608900317.
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We would like to present a novel form of Munchausen's syndrome which presented us with a difficult problem in the midst of the recent media hysteria regarding flesh eating bacteria. This condition, first described by Richard Asher in 19511, is often very difficult to diagnose and it is not, therefore, surprising that the victims have been through several epsiodes of treatment before the suspicions of staff are raised. It owes its name to a fictitious character, Baron Karl Friedrich Hieronymus Freihess von Munchausen, who recounted extraordinary and wildly exaggerated exploits of adventure and daring, not unlike patients who present with this condition. Our enquiries revealed that the laid down procedure when faced with a patient with this condition is that the regional medical officer (RMO) should be contacted. It is then his responsibility to contact other RMOs, who in turn pass the information on to accident and emergency consultants in their area.
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Heathorn, Stephen. "“For Home, Country and Race”: The Gendered Ideals of Citizenship in English Elementary and Evening Continuation Schools, 1885-1914". Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 7, n.º 1 (9 de fevereiro de 2006): 105–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/031104ar.
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Abstract Between 1885 and 1914, English Elementary and Evening Continuation Schools - the institutions designed to cater to the educational needs of the working class - engaged in both formal and informal efforts to indoctrinate their students in the principles of “good citizenship”. This ideological initiative was an attempt to construct “appropriate” individual and collective character traits in children, many of whom were never expected to attain formal political rights. The books and lessons of the schools tended to romanticize English history and use specific figures from the past to explain values and traits deemed especially worthy in the“good citizen”. This article points to the ways in which these projected civic virtues were explained to working-class boys through association with accepted notions of virtuous masculinity. Demonstrated with examples of both real and fictitious martial heroes this masculine code resembled the ethic of service to the nation prevalent in elite educational culture, but with an entirely different result implied.
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Ponce Cordero, Roberto. "El mito del caníbal, mímesis y crítica social en Como era gostoso o meu francês (1971)". Catedral Tomada. Revista de crítica literaria latinoamericana 5, n.º 9 (5 de janeiro de 2018): 169–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ct/2017.264.
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Como era gostoso o meu francés is a 1971 Brazilian film. Directed by Nelson Pereira dos Santos, it adapts chronicles by old explorers from the 16th century who were imprisoned by native peoples of what is now Brazil. Thus, it deals with topics such as cannibalism, the attraction that the “savage” life had on the “civilized” subject, and the performative character of sacrificial rituals. In this article, we start by looking at the differences between the historical (and proto-historical) sources inspiring this film. We maintain that these differences, and the conscious decision to change certain aspects of the narratives on which the movie is based, show that he did not intend to portray an otherwise fictitious past (cannibalism in the Americas). Rather, these differences turn this film into a political satire directed at 1971 Brazil, as well as into a comment on colonial difference and on the strategies employed by the colonized in order to mock the colonizer by performing his worst fears about the Other.
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Frangulian, L. R. "Martyrdom of John of Phanijoit MS Vat - Copt. 69, fols 40r-55v". Orientalistica 3, n.º 3 (3 de outubro de 2020): 799–819. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2618-7043-2020-3-3-799-819.
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This is the first translation into Russian of the “Martyrdom of John of Phanijoit”. The text is written in Coptic and originates from the beginning of the 13th cent. AD. The translation is preceded by an introduction, which comprises the history of the research as well as lists all the modern editions and translations of the “Martyrdom”. It is pointed out that there are some doubts about the original language of the text: some scholars argue that it could have been Arabic. There are also different speculations regarding the motives, which prompted the author to use Coptic, although at that time the Egyptian Christians almost completely switched to Arabic in everyday life. The composition of the “Martyrdom” follows the hagiographic canon, however, some expected topoi are missing. Among those are the torture of the Saint, the intervention of Heavenly Forces to strengthen the martyr. The main character in the “Martyrdom” is John, the flax seller. Having married a Muslim woman, he converted from Christianity to Islam. The narrative deals with what happened to John, when he decided to return to Christianity openly. The author of “Martyrdom” was a contemporary of the martyr and likely witnessed the events he described. Some of the characters mentioned in the “Martyrdom” are not fictitious but did exist indeed. All this makes the text a valuable source for the history of the Eastern Christianity in the Middle Ages.
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Lukoyanychev, A. V. "Integrated Learning System of Sign Language". Programmnaya Ingeneria 13, n.º 8 (8 de setembro de 2022): 404–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17587/prin.13.404-412.
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The developed integrated system of sign language teaching, aimed at a wide range of users, is considered. The Dimskis notation for sign language writing implementation and the Unity 3D cross-platform development to control an animated 3D character are used in this system. The approach for the describing of 3D character movements based on the meta-language is proposed. The Dimskis notation has been expanded, within the framework of the meta-language. Additional and service characters, control words, special coordinates were introduced. Special control symbols and rules for processes synchronization have been developed. It is allows one to implement the movement of several elements at different times, to create complex movements, returning them to the initial state, to cancel the transferences of individual moving elements by using the "fictitious" movement, to change only individual coordinates of the avatars hand. The technique of creating the sign language reference book is considered. The advantages of this approach are analyzed. In addition to this full-fledged functional toolkit for creating the reference book the integrated system has the ability to test the users knowledge. The mode gesture demonstration — answer selection is proposer for mobile devices. For stationary devices with a fixed web camera the user has to show the gesture proposed by the system. The following stages of this mode implementation are considered: image capture, gesture localization, gesture identification, decision making. The gesture localization is based on the double background subtraction and histogram method. The gesture identification is based on the projection method and is carried out in two stages. At the first stage the entire hand is analyzed. If it is difficult to make a decision at this stage, then the second stage is carried cut, where only fingers are analyzed. The trend of arm movement between key frames is additionally determined for dynamic gestures. The features of each of the stages are shown. The algorithm for making a decision is given. The results of an experimental investigation are presented.
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McGrail, Peter. "Eroticism, Death and Redemption: The Operatic Construct of the Biblical Femme Fatale". Biblical Interpretation 15, n.º 4-5 (2007): 405–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156851507x194224.
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AbstractThis article explores the themes of eroticism, death and redemption as seen in the world of opera, through a particular lens. This lens is the construct of the femme fatale as drawn from the particular world of the Bible. This construct is of course largely the product of the composer's and/or librettist's own social, religious, political and philosophical world view; where the origin of the construct is a biblical narrative, a high degree of elaboration is always required, since the psychology and motivation of women in the Bible is particularly under-developed. The article first surveys the terrain—surprisingly limited to six chief operas, which together treat only four biblical subjects. The first of the operas, Verdi's early work Nabucco, is analysed in terms of the depiction of its—totally invented—femme fatale, a fictitious daughter Abigaille given to King Nebuccadnezzar. The development of the concept of femme fatale is then traced until it reaches its apotheiosis with the extraordinary character of Kundry, in Wagner's Parsifal. She is then used as the vehicle to explore the themes in depth.
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Farantika, Dessy, Arif Muzayin Shofwan e Devia Purwaningrum. "The Benefits and Purpose of Storytelling for Early Childhood Education". SINDA: Comprehensive Journal of Islamic Social Studies 2, n.º 2 (2 de agosto de 2022): 122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.28926/sinda.v2i2.497.
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Storytelling activities are usually carried out by a teacher to early childhood students. There are many benefits of storytelling activities for early childhood students. Therefore, storytelling activities must continue to be developed in early childhood education. This descriptive qualitative research with literature study will discuss the various benefits and objectives of storytelling for early childhood. The data analysis technique uses content analysis by sorting out data according to the objectives and benefits of the research. This study found the following points. First, storytelling is an activity to tell fictitious stories that don't really happen to instill the best values from the story and take lessons from the worst values from the story. Second, the purpose of storytelling for early childhood is to form good behavior and instill character values in children so that they have balance and cognitive, affective, and psychomotor development. Third, the benefits of storytelling for early childhood include: training concentration, sharpening memory sharpness, developing language skills, fostering interest in reading, improving critical thinking skills, and bringing closer emotional relationships between teachers and students.
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Longrée, Dominique. "Phrasèmes pragmatiques en contextes énonciatifs fictionnels : l’exemple des motifs textuels argumentatifs et cohésifs dans le corpus cicéronien". Les phraséologismes pragmatiques, n.º 29 (1 de dezembro de 2021): 173–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.54563/lexique.164.
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The Ciceronian texts belong to three different literary genres: speeches, dialogues and correspondence. Nevertheless, these texts present enunciation situations that are not totally distinct: they all correspond to oral productions, whether this orality is totally fictitious for the dialogues and the letters, or partially so for the speeches. The present study aims at studying, through the whole corpus, the use of some “pragmatic phrasemes” defined as “textual motifs” with a structuring or characterizing function. The objective is to determine to what extent the use of these “motifs” or their variants is conditioned by the genre of the texts or reflects the real or fictional character of the enunciation situation. After having specified the notion of “textual motifs” and indicated the means of analysis we used, the research will focus on phrasemes recognized by the philological tradition either as liaison formulas or as argumentation devices. Particular interest will be given to cases where a “motif” or one of its variants, while characteristic of a literary genre, is used occasionally in a text belonging to another genre.
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Ivanović, Jovan, Iris Žeželj e Charis Psaltis. "(Im)moral Symbols and (Im)moral Deeds: Defensive Strategies for Coping with Historical Transgressions of Group Heroes and Villains". Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology 15 (janeiro de 2021): 183449092199143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1834490921991437.
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In two post-conflict societies (Serbia and Cyprus), the authors investigated how people cope with in-group historical transgression when heroes and villains relevant for their collective identity are made salient in it. The authors set the events in foundational periods for Serbian (Experiment 1) and Greek Cypriot (Experiment 2) ethnic identity—that is, historical representations of the Battle of Kosovo (1389) and the Liberation Struggle (1955–1959), respectively. In both experiments, a between-subjects design was used to manipulate group membership (in-group or out-group) and representation of the salient character (hero, villain, or neutral) in fictitious but historically plausible accounts of transgressions. In Experiment 1 ( N = 225), the participants showed more moral disengagement in the case of in-group historical transgressions than in the case of identical transgressions by an out-group, while the in-group hero was rejected less than all the other historical characters. Social identification based on in-group superiority moderated both observed effects in such a manner that they were more pronounced for participants perceiving their ethnic group as superior. In Experiment 2 ( N = 136), historical transgression involving the in-group hero provoked the most moral disengagement and the least rejection of the group deviant. In-group superiority and in-group importance as distinct modes of social identification moderated these effects in such a way that they were more pronounced for high-identifying individuals. Taken together, the experiments show that the in-group hero, as a highly valued ethnic symbol, is exempt from the black sheep effect and the sanctions of critically attached group members. The authors discuss the implications of in-group heroes for political and educational communication.
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Salimi, Hamidreza, Karl-Heinz Wolf e Johannes Bruining. "Negative-Saturation Approach for Compositional Flow Simulations of Mixed CO2/Water Injection Into Geothermal Reservoirs Including Phase Appearance and Disappearance". SPE Journal 17, n.º 02 (16 de abril de 2012): 502–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/142924-pa.
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Summary Cold mixed CO2/water injection into hot-water reservoirs can be used for simultaneous geothermal-energy (heat) production and subsurface CO2 storage. This paper studies this process in a 2D geothermal homogeneous reservoir, a layered reservoir, and a heterogeneous reservoir represented by a stochastic-random field. We give a set of simulations for a variety of CO2/water-injection ratios. In this process, often regions of two-phase flow are connected to regions of single-phase flow. Different systems of equations apply for single-phase and two-phase regions. We develop a solution approach, called the nonisothermal-negative-saturation (NegSat) solution approach, to solve efficiently nonisothermal compositional flow problems (e.g., CO2/water injection into geothermal reservoirs) that involve phase appearance, phase disappearance, and phase transitions. The advantage of this solution approach is that it circumvents using different equations for single-phase and two-phase regions and the ensuing unstable switching procedure. In the NegSat approach, a single-phase multicomponent fluid is replaced by an equivalent fictitious two-phase fluid with specific properties. The equivalent properties are such that the extended saturation of a fictitious gas is negative in the single-phase aqueous region. We discuss the salient features of the simulations in detail. When two phases are present at the injection side, heterogeneity and layering lead to more CO2 storage compared with the homogeneous case because of capillary trapping. In addition, layering avoids movement of the CO2 to the upper part of the reservoir and thus reduces the risk of leakage. Our results also show that heterogeneity and layering change the character of the solution in terms of useful-energy production and CO2 storage. The simulations can be used to construct a plot of the recovered useful energy vs. maximally stored CO2. Increasing the amount of CO2 in the injection mixture leads to bifurcation points at which the character of the solution in terms of energy production and CO2 storage changes. For overall injected-CO2 mole fractions less than 0.04, the result with gravity is the same as the result without gravity. For larger overall injected-CO2 mole fractions, however, the plot without gravity differs from the plot with gravity because of early breakthrough of a supercritical-CO2 tongue near the caprock. The plot of the useful energy (exergy) vs. the CO2-storage capacity in the presence of gravity shows a Z-shape. The top horizontal part represents a branch of high exergy recovery and a relatively lower storage capacity, whereas the bottom part represents a branch of lower exergy recovery and a higher storage capacity.
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von SIH, GEORGE. "Crack tip mechanics of multiscale change". Romanian Journal of Technical Sciences - Applied Mechanics 68, n.º 2-3 (14 de dezembro de 2023): 201–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.59277/rjts-am.2023.2-3.07.
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Singularity representation at the crack tip and/or smaller region will be considered using six scale transitional physical parameters: three assigned for the nano/micro range (*na/mi, *na/mi, d*na/mi) and three assigned for the micro/macro range (*mi/ma, *mi/ma, d* mi/ma). The subscripts nano, micro, and macro are self-evident. Only the ratio of two successive scale sensitive parameters are needed. Although time dependent physical parameters at the lower scale can be found analytical, they regarded as fictitious, mainly because they are not conducible to measurements. The transitional character of multiscale changes according to nano→micro→ macro with the respective singularity strength of are given by 1.00/0.75/0.50. Since =0.5 corresponds to the inverse square root r-0.5, where r is the distance from the macro singular point. The micro and nano singular point possess the singularities r-0.75 and r-1.00, respectively. For example, a critical device component may be designed to operate at the nano/micro/macro scale with a life distribution of 2.5+ /3.5+ /5.5+ and total life of 11.5 + years. Progressive changes are assumed to occur in the direction of nano→micro→macro.
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Muravieva, Larissa E. "Exofiction and Enactivist Narratives in Contemporary French Literature". Studia Litterarum 7, n.º 3 (2022): 30–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2500-4247-2022-7-3-30-51.
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The proliferation of hybrid genres is a notable trend in contemporary French literature. Alongside autofiction, new hybrids are emerging in French literature, modelled on a mixture of fiction and factual genre. One of them is exofiction (“ex” + “fiction”), which implies a narrative about fictitious events from the life of a historical character or an attempt to introduce fiction into someone else’s biography. The neologism, belonging to the writer Philippe Vasset, is rapidly entering scholarly and critical discourse, but no systematic attempt to describe the phenomenon has been made. According to Vasset, exofiction can be defined as any narrative that “blends the reality with the phantasms that accompany its representations” (Ph. Vasset); in other words, exofictitious writing practices form the space of “enactivist literature” in the cognitive sense. Exofiction reveals itself in the search for a connection between inner narrator’s experience and the other subject’s experience — including traumatic — through the language. This article attempts to identify the main features of exofiction, according to the enactivist approach in cognitive science and narratology, and to propose an analysis of the genre characteristics of exofiction by the exаmple of the novels by Pascal Quignard, Jean Echenoz and David Foenkinos.
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Mikirtumov, Ivan B. "Meaning of proper names in contexts of attitudes: de re naming and fictions". Slovo.ru: Baltic accent 13, n.º 2 (2022): 75–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/2225-5346-2022-2-4.
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The author explores the meaning of proper names and other types of singular terms in the context of propositional attitudes, combining the problems of empty names, rigid designators and non-specific reading. An object in the attitudes can be given to the agent as such (de re), in the description (de dicto), as well as in several intermediate ways. From the analysis of the phenomenon of rigid designation, I move on to the theory of the object, where I consider two alternatives — strict, or Leibnizian, and weak. The first explains the actual non-existence by impossibility, the second — by occasionality. Here there are two ways of defining non-existent (fictional) objects — kinship and the counterpart relation, which are realized in frames that are different in their features. Nonspecific character is inherent in the kinship and counterpart relation in different ways. A special case is formed by hybrid worlds in which the real and the fictitious meet. The result of my analysis is five variants of a weakened de re reading of proper names and other singular terms in the context of attitudes. I describe their features, touching on the cognitive effect of narration, which operates with the appropriate attitudes.
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Demas, Alexis, e David Tillot. "Pathological laughing and psychotic disorder: the medical evaluation of the Joker". Acta Neurologica Belgica 120, n.º 6 (18 de março de 2020): 1379–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13760-020-01332-3.
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Abstract In the psychological thriller film Joker, released in 2019 and starring Joaquin Phoenix in the first role, another possible origin story for this iconic character is reported. Above all, it brings us medical elements for the understanding of the development of this complex character. Contrary to other interpretations, we discover a lonely, timid and uncharismatic man (Arthur Fleck). He seems to be suffering from psychobehavioral disorders and seems depressed. There is a strangeness in his behavior along with social withdrawal. He suffers from fits of laughter that occur at socially inappropriate times. He also suffers from psychotic symptoms with visual delusions. We learn through the film that he was a beaten child, psychologically and physically abused with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). The uncontrollable outbursts of laughter, behavioral and psychotic disorders followed these elements. As a neurologist, I was intrigued by these symptoms. I have explored the neuropsychiatric symptoms complicating TBI from which he seems to suffer and which have been reported in the literature. We can assume that the Joker is suffering from neuropsychiatric sequelae related to childhood TBI involving the frontotemporal regions and, in particular, the lateral aspect of the left frontal lobe. The movie Joker has medical significance and covers social aspects of medicine and health care. First, it allows us to discuss whether psychotic disorder due to TBI should be considered a neurobiological syndrome. More broadly, albeit fictitious, it asks us about the management of patients with neuropsychiatric illness, which is a public health problem. It also reminds us that semiological descriptions of patients with neuropsychiatric disorders have served as inspiration for many authors.
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Cavaliere, Mauro. "Metaficción historiográfica y autoficción: diferentes compromisos con la referencialidad en Estação das Chuvas de José Eduardo Agualusa y Soldados de Salamina de Javier Cercas". Interlitteraria 24, n.º 2 (15 de janeiro de 2020): 479–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/il.2019.24.2.16.
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Historiographic metafiction and autofiction: different commitments with the referentiality in Estação das Chuvas by José Eduardo Agualusa and Soldiers of Salamina by Javier Cercas. This article offers a comparative analysis of the novels Estação das Chuvas (1996) by the Angolan writer José Eduardo Agualusa (born in 1960) and Soldados de Salamina (2001) of the Spaniard Javier Cercas (born in 1962). The two novels belong to different geographical and cultural contexts. Nevertheless, a common sensibility – due perhaps to the same generational affiliation or to the prevalence of topics in force in the 1990s – makes evident the emergence of both a historical theme and the presence of a subject involved in historical processes. Ultimately, in both novels, we come across a subject that makes history although in quite different ways: involved firsthand in historical events with tragic implications, in the case of Agualusa, and absorbed in a reflection on apparently distant events in the case of Cercas. However, the result of the emphasis on the presence of a subjectivity within historical processes causes the two novels to share a common element, that is, a double generic affiliation. Both Estação das Chuvas and Soldados de Salamina actually share semantic traits that make it possible to classify them at the same time as autofictional novels and historiographic metafictions.
Despite their common architectural matrix, the two novels represent two very different expressions within these genres. This manifests itself at different levels: first, the treatment of the autofictional character and, secondly, the treatment of the other characters. Through the analysis of the characters that populate these two novels, I will try to show how the two writers adopt divergent attitudes regarding the degree of referentiality in their works and how they end up proposing two different poetic options. In the analysis of the characters, I consider it useful to introduce a taxonomy that, in addition to including already existing types (referential, historical, fictitious characters), introduces other types hopefully useful to the study of the currently abundant number of fictions that, through an ambiguous narrative pact, are located between fiction and faction.
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Löschnigg, Martin. "Who Was He? Internment, Exile and Ambiguity in Norbert Gstrein’s Novel Die englischen Jahre (The English Years) (1999)". Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies, n.º 30/3 (1 de setembro de 2021): 47–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.7311/0860-5734.30.3.04.
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Winner of the Alfred Döblin Preis in 1999, the novel Die englischen Jahre by the Austrian novelist Norbert Gstrein deals with internment and exile in Britain dur- ing and after the Second World War. It centres on the (fictitious) character of Gabriel Hirschfelder, a writer and refugee from Nazi-occupied Austria who is detained, with oth- er ‘enemy aliens,’ in a camp on the Isle of Man. There, Nazi sympathisers are interned together with Jewish and political refugees, and the central chapters in the novel depict the conditions and resulting conflicts in the internment camp. Hirschfelder dies in exile at Southend-on-Sea, having confessed shortly before his death that he killed a fellow inmate. This confession as well as reports of a transport of internees sunk off the coast of Scotland in 1940 incite a young Austrian woman to try to solve the mystery surrounding Hirschfelder and his allegedly lost autobiography The English Years. The paper discusses how Gstrein combines different genres like the historical novel/historiographic metafic- tion and the whodunit as well as using multiple narrative perspectives and refractions to pinpoint questions of shifting identities and allegiances, and of belonging and alienation in the wake of internment and exile.
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Chalupský, Petr. "“The City that Truly Counts” – the Meaningful Cityscape of Jim Crace’s Six". Crossroads. A Journal of English Studies, n.º 44(1) (2024): 6–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/cr.2024.44.1.01.
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Jim Crace’s ability to create both authentic and poetic geographic and topographic renderings has led critics to coin the term “Craceland” to denote these idiosyncratic settings that appear other and relatable at the same time. His narrative power lies in his ability to render places and spaces which, in spite of their wholly fictitious character, evoke a strong feeling of pl ausibility and familiarity. His milieux are never abstracted from the human element, and his stories examine the close link between his protagonists and the places they occupy or move through, thus emphasising the experiential and emotional dimension of space and place. Six (2003), his seventh novel, set in an unnamed imaginary present-day city, follows the fate of Lix Dern, a celebrated actor and a father of six children, in his life and career. Along with Arcadia (1992) and The Melody (2018), Six ranks among its author’s urban novels which explore the diverse aspects of the interrelatedness between modern cityscape and its inhabitants’ mental and physical existence. By using humanistic geography and phenomenological geocriticism as its theoretical points of departure, this paper attempts to analyse the roles the city assumes in conveying the novel’s principal thematic concerns, as well as to demonstrate how Six differs from Crace’s other two urban novels.
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Naem, Dr Ali Dakhil Naem. "ARAB MUSLIM CHARACTERS IN KHADRA’S NOVEL THE SIRENS OF BAGHDAD". Thi Qar Arts Journal 1, n.º 44 (31 de dezembro de 2023): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32792/tqartj.v1i44.466.
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In this study, the researcher presented the American’s views of Islam and Muslims in Khadra’s Novel The Sirens of Baghdad. The image of Arab Muslim character is portrayed differently by the post-colonial novelists post September attacks 2001 on the World Trade Centre towers situated in New York City, USA. Since the accident, many American writers who represent the Western values have endeavored to stigmatize the picture of Arab Muslims through their writings using variant depictions to confirm their ‘Others’ as they consider the Arab Muslims their foes in the world. Consequently, the American writers perpetuate their previous negative picture to continue their domination upon the Arab Muslims, using post-colonial concepts in their portrayal. In contrast, the Arab writers try their best to depict the image of the Arab Muslim characters fairly as they have realistically witnessed and experienced the actual life events. Due to this, Orientalism, stereotyping, otherness and racism are the key concepts examined in this study related the Sirens of Baghdad. As many other Western and Arab writers have dealt with the same concepts previously, the current study examined and identified the concepts differently through this study concerning Arab Muslim characters from contrasting perspectives. Accordingly, the researcher adapted Said’s Orientalism theory as a main method of analysis. The research findings revealed that the American novelists purposely reflected dark aspects of the Arab Muslim characters so as to show to the world that Islam is a religion that propagates oppression and violence. On the other hand, the Arab novelists successfully and realistically proved that it is the Westerners who most of the time oppress the Arab Muslims and murder a fairly good number of them on the basis of false and unfounded allegations. As a conclusion, the study proposes a framework of the portrayal of the Arab Muslim characters conceptualized by the post-colonial perspective. It is recommended that future research examines the reliability and authentication of the respective American novels that have distorted the Arab Muslim identity by using high level of fictitious representations that is very distant from reality and truth, so that the negative representations of the Arab Muslim characters can righteously be repudiated. Moreover, future research can explore cross-cultural studies related to the novel concerned and the like of them so as to highlight the psychological, cultural and societal representations of the two nations—the Arab and
the Western.
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Papathanasiou, Chrysovalantis, e Themis Apostolidis. "The ‘how’ of HIV infection matters: social judgments and responsibility attribution in the context of the AIDS epidemic". Sociology International Journal 6, n.º 4 (9 de agosto de 2022): 220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/sij.2022.06.00289.
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eople living with HIV are frequently blamed for their health condition, especially in case they became infected with the virus through behaviour that is considered as non-normative. The aim of the current study was to explore the impact of HIV representations and prevailing social norms on judgments about people living with HIV. The study had a quasi-experimental design and was conducted on a sample of 240 university students, completing their pedagogical studies degree. The participants were asked to read a vignette depicting a fictitious character that was infected by HIV through different modes of transmission (heterosexual contact, homosexual contact, IV drug use, blood transfusion) and make their judgments. The results indicated that judgments were influenced by respondents’ representations about the disease (contagious vs. infectious) and the social status of the HIV-positive person (deviant vs. non-deviant). Specifically, the participants who adopted a contagionist approach on HIV tended to hold more negative attitudes towards people living with HIV than those who perceived HIV as a transmissible disease. Furthermore, the participants appeared to be more judgmental towards persons who got infected through IV drug use or homosexual contact (norm-violating behaviours), than those who got infected through heterosexual contact or blood transfusion (normative behaviours). Overall, the results support the experimental hypothesis that responsibility attribution is based on the social desirability of the behaviours that were associated with the disease.
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Khabibullina, Lilia F. "Postcolonial Trauma in the 21st-Century English Female Fiction". Imagologiya i komparativistika, n.º 15 (2021): 89–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/24099554/15/5.
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The postcolonial fiction of the 21st century has developed a new version of family chronicle depicting the life of several generations of migrants to demonstrate the complexity of their experience, different for each generation. This article aims at investigating this tradition from the perspective of three urgent problems: trauma, postcolonial experience, and the “female” theme. The author uses the most illustrative modern women’s postcolonial writings (Z. Smith, Ju. Chang) to show the types of trauma featured in postcolonial literature as well as the change in the character of traumatic experience, including the migrant’s automythologization from generation to generation. There are several types of trauma, or stages experienced by migrants: historical, migration and selfidentification, more or less correlated with three generations of migrants. Historical trauma is the most severe and most often insurmountable for the first generation. It generates a myth about the past, terrible or beautiful, depending on the writer’s intention realized at the level of the writer or the characters. A most expanded form of this trauma can be found in the novel Wild Swans by Jung Chang, where the “female” experience underlines the severity of the historical situation in the homeland of migrants. The trauma of migration manifests itself as a situation of deterritorialization, lack of place, when the experience of the past dominates and prevents the migrants from adapting to a new life. This situation is clearly illustrated in the novel White Teeth by Z. Smith, where the first generation of migrants cannot cope with the effects of trauma. The trauma of selfidentification promotes a fictitious identity in the younger generation of migrants. Unable to join real life communities, they create automyths, joining fictional communities based on cultural myths (Muslim organizations, rap culture, environmental organizations). Such examples can be found in Z. Smith’s White Teeth and On Beauty. Thus, the problem of trauma undergoes erosion, because, strictly speaking, with each new generation, the event experienced as traumatic is less worth designating as such. Compared to historical trauma or the trauma of migration, trauma of self-identification is rather a psychological problem that affects the emotional sphere and is quite survivable for most of the characters.
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Kononenko, Vitalii. "The I-Author Image in the Structure of Literary Discourse". Journal of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University 9, n.º 2 (28 de julho de 2022): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/jpnu.9.2.25-34.
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The article studies the basis of the functional use of the author's self-image (I-author) as a constituent part of the literary discourse. The literary author’s position is based on them being the subject of study, a generalized carrier of the national culture of a certain period; this image may lose their personification features and become the interpreter of the traditional knowledge. At the same time, the author’s perception as the one conveying artistic relies on the theory of communicative activity, narratology, linguopoetics, stylistics, psycholinguistics, etc.
The image of the I-author is perceived as a “mask” structured in the text, a carrier of a literary meaningful I-position, subjective intentions, and this figure hides an idealized author in various implementations on the one hand, while on the other hand it is a narrator close to a real or fictitious character, kind of a phantasmagorical figure. In any of its artistic incarnations, this image is relative, transformed, combining the features of various actors – an agent, character, witness, lyrical hero, who get changed in the process of becoming various positive, negative, or phantasmagorical figures. The position of the I-author as a part of the text creation process acquires different formal features; however, even when they try to avoid the role of an active figure the functional meaning remains and is felt at the level of deep meaning and subconscious understanding.
Changes in the stylistic function of the I-author are caused by the desire to identify themselves as a character of the story, the one chosen because of the conditions of conveying the I-author position, as well as subjective-evaluative intentions, at least to some extent. The variability of this image embodiment relies on the discursive possibilities of it being included into a certain prose, poetic, or dramatic context, based on the description of contemporary or historical events, the desire to be or not to be relatable to the reader, to become similar to “others” or to rise above the cultural, educational, and social level of the reader. The indirect influence of the target audience is reflected both in direct “communication” with the recipient of the literary text and at the level of striving for mutual understanding, taking into account common semi-known moods and experiences, and ultimately at the level of a common linguistic world picture reproduction.
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Maalouf, May. "Male Postpartum Preface: Cervantes and Lord Byron’s Prefaces to Don Quixote and Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage". Hawliyat 17 (11 de julho de 2018): 11–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31377/haw.v17i0.65.
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The purpose of this paper is to attend to the preface as an important element in understanding the symbiotic relationship between author and text, especially when a male author assumes the female power of procreation. In the prefaces to Don Quixote Part I and II and Childe Harold's Pilgrimage, Cervantes and Lord Byron, respectively, identify their main heroes as their 'child of the imagination/brain '. Nevertheless, in many instances we encounter moments of anxiety manifested in a dialectic of engagement and disengagement, owning and disowning, of denying and defending theirfictional personages. To Cervantes, Don Quixote is "child of his brain", the son, and yet hes also the stepson, who eventually ends up no more than a brave knight; to Byron, as well, Childe Harold was initially called Childe Burun, but later on is referred to as just a "fictitious character" from whom Byron tried to disengage throughout the poem. This equivocal and dialectical discourse ofembracement and abandonment could be better understood by extending the birthing metaphor to encompass postpartum anxiety. In the prefaces, both Cervantes and Byron Platonic male spiritual pregnancy is combined with the female physical and psychological symptoms of giving birth and its qftermath. Thus, the preface becomes a birth certificate not only legitimizing the hero, but also problematizing the parental relationship between father/author and son/text or hem, for it involves more than the ontological history Of the hem or the text.
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Matiychak, Aliona, e Oksana Marchuk. "Parareality as a Structural and Semantic Component of Fantasy Genre Texts". Pitannâ lìteraturoznavstva, n.º 109 (28 de junho de 2024): 58–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/pytlit2024.109.058.
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The paper is motivated by new perspectives in expanding the boundaries of the fantasy text analysis in the aspect of its structural and semantic components. Since the thematic context of fantasy is extremely broad, the research is predominantly focused on the plane of parareality, as a variable of the space-time continuum. The article delves into the specificity of pararealities in the texts by J. K. Rowling and S. Clarke. The common textual characteristic of the authors’ fantasy is the creation of parallel realities with the eternal confrontation between good and evil. However, J. K. Rowling offers a new, completely fictional world, the product of fictitious realities with a characteristic vagueness of geographical and temporal specificity. Instead, the novel “Jonathan Strange & Mr. Norrell” by S. Clarke clearly expresses the combination of historical and authorial contextualization (historical novel of the Napoleonic Wars and authentic mythopoetics). As a convergence of real history and fantasy genre the specific character of thematic, hermeneutic and stylistic components of the historical fantasy “Jonathan Strange & Mr. Norrell” indicates the transition from exemplification to modulation of the genre identity with the plenitude of its hypertextual links: imitation of the historical novel, compilation with fantasy format by means of mythological structures and images stylized as Celtic folklore, as well as its transformation into an alternate history. Overall, S. Clarke’s novel is considered as a fantasy genre variation with a conscious replacement of real historical events and conventional phenomena by hypothetical variations against the background of simulated pararealities.
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Pajić, Ivana. "FUNKCIJA SELEKCIJE, KARAKTERIZACIJE I KONSTELACIJE LIKOVA U ROMANU VOLFGANGA HERNDORFA „ČIK“". Nasledje Kragujevac 18, n.º 49 (2021): 303–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/naskg2149.303p.
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The subject of the present work is Wolfgang Herrndorf’s award-winning youth novel Tsch- ick (i.e. “German Youth Literature Prize” (2011) and “Clemens Brentano Prize” (2012)). The novel, released in 2010, has sold more than two million copies to date and has been translated into more than 25 languages. In the novel, the story is told by Maik Klingenberg, a fourteen- year-old teenager who is left devastated by the surrounding circumstances and his outsider position before the summer holidays, but through his friendship with Tschick (during the summer holidays) experiences a solution and development process that changes his view of the world and his positioning to his environment and to himself in a positive way. The main focus of the work lies on the (explicit and implicit) character selection, characterization and constellation in the text. The methodological approach to textual analysis is based on insights from narratology, sociology and psychoanalysis. After a theoretical-introductory part, the text-analytical part begins with the selection of the staff of the fictitious world depicted in the novel and shows that the author’s novel gives a pluralistic-heterogeneous-inter- or transcul- tural social image of the German capital Berlin and its (wider) environment. In the following chapter of the work, the introductory characterization of the main character and the related figure constellations will be discussed in more detail. It is shown that Herrndorf uses these constellations to address the complex interrelation between the individual and various col- lective identities, such as those into which the subject is born (Maik’s parents), and those to whom the subject belongs based on the present circumstances of life (Maik’s teacher and the other students of the school). The focus of analysis of the following part lies on those figure constellations that have arisen as a result of Maik’s escape from the structures crushing him (Maik’s voluntary social interactions and friendly ties) and by which the author refers to the dynamic constitution of personal identity, of which the developmental process defies static defining and reveals the possibility of self-change and self-development. Based on the pre- viously given text analysis, the last part of the thesis gives a conclusion corresponding to the analysis results.
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Intan, Tania. "Redefinisi Fungsi Desa dalam Manga Naruto dan Bande Dessinée Astérix: Sebuah Kajian Komparasi Budaya Populer". Metahumaniora 7, n.º 3 (3 de dezembro de 2017): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/metahumaniora.v7i3.18847.
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AbstrakSecara alamiah, manusia membutuhkan sarana untuk mengisi waktu luangnyasetelah bekerja keras. Satu media yang murah, mudah dijangkau, dan digemari oleh semuakalangan di seluruh dunia adalah cerita bergambar atau komik yang merupakan bagiandari budaya populer. Pada umumnya, karya paraliteratur-visual ini memang bersifat fiktifdan hanya merupakan peniruan dari kenyataan yang digambarkan secara berlebihan(grotesque). Namun demikian, di dalam komik, sering ditemukan nilai-nilai kehidupanyang bersifat universal dan abadi sehingga dianggap layak sebagai bahan kajian budaya.Naruto, salah satu manga Jepang, dan Astérix, bande dessinée dari Prancis, akan ditelitisebagai representasi dunia Timur dan Barat. Latar sebagai unsur struktural dalam karyakaryafiksi ini ternyata juga menunjukkan kesamaan mendasar, yaitu keberadaan desasebagai tempat hidup para tokohnya. Dalam tulisan ini, akan dibahas pemaknaan lainterhadap lingkungan rural tersebut, yang memiliki andil dalam pembentukan karakterpara tokoh dari kedua komik. Metode kajian komparasi budaya akan digunakan denganpenerapan teori-teori yang relevan. Penelitian singkat ini bertujuan untuk melengkapistudi mengenai komik yang belum banyak dilakukan di Indonesia.Kata kunci: Desa, komik, Naruto, Astérix, Komparasi BudayaAbstractNaturally, humans need a way to fill their spare time after working hard. Acheap, accessible and popular medium by all circles around the world is a picture or comicstory, which is part of popular culture. McCloud (1993:7) defines comics as drawings andembossed symbols in a particular order, aimed at providing information or achievingaesthetic responses from the reader. In general, this visual-paraliterature work isindeed fictitious and merely an imitation of grotesque reality. However, in the comics, itis often found that values of life that are universal and eternal so comics are consideredappropriate as a material of cultural studies. Naruto, one of the Japanese manga, andAstérix, the bande dessinée of France, are examined as a representation of the East andWest. The background as a structural element in these works of fiction also shows the basicsimilarity of the existence of the village as the place of life of the characters. According toKartohadikoesoemo (1984:16), the village is a legal entity, in which a ruling society livesits own government. In this paper, other meanings of the rural environment, which hascontributed in the character formation of the characters from both comics are discussed.The method of cultural comparative is used with the application of relevant theories. Thisbrief study aims to complete the study of comics which is still very limited in Indonesia.Keywords: Village, Comic, Naruto, Astérix, Cultural Comparison
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Intan, Tania. "Redefinisi Fungsi Desa dalam Manga Naruto dan Bande Dessinée Astérix: Sebuah Kajian Komparasi Budaya Populer". Metahumaniora 7, n.º 3 (3 de dezembro de 2017): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/mh.v7i3.18847.
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AbstrakSecara alamiah, manusia membutuhkan sarana untuk mengisi waktu luangnyasetelah bekerja keras. Satu media yang murah, mudah dijangkau, dan digemari oleh semuakalangan di seluruh dunia adalah cerita bergambar atau komik yang merupakan bagiandari budaya populer. Pada umumnya, karya paraliteratur-visual ini memang bersifat fiktifdan hanya merupakan peniruan dari kenyataan yang digambarkan secara berlebihan(grotesque). Namun demikian, di dalam komik, sering ditemukan nilai-nilai kehidupanyang bersifat universal dan abadi sehingga dianggap layak sebagai bahan kajian budaya.Naruto, salah satu manga Jepang, dan Astérix, bande dessinée dari Prancis, akan ditelitisebagai representasi dunia Timur dan Barat. Latar sebagai unsur struktural dalam karyakaryafiksi ini ternyata juga menunjukkan kesamaan mendasar, yaitu keberadaan desasebagai tempat hidup para tokohnya. Dalam tulisan ini, akan dibahas pemaknaan lainterhadap lingkungan rural tersebut, yang memiliki andil dalam pembentukan karakterpara tokoh dari kedua komik. Metode kajian komparasi budaya akan digunakan denganpenerapan teori-teori yang relevan. Penelitian singkat ini bertujuan untuk melengkapistudi mengenai komik yang belum banyak dilakukan di Indonesia.Kata kunci: Desa, komik, Naruto, Astérix, Komparasi BudayaAbstractNaturally, humans need a way to fill their spare time after working hard. Acheap, accessible and popular medium by all circles around the world is a picture or comicstory, which is part of popular culture. McCloud (1993:7) defines comics as drawings andembossed symbols in a particular order, aimed at providing information or achievingaesthetic responses from the reader. In general, this visual-paraliterature work isindeed fictitious and merely an imitation of grotesque reality. However, in the comics, itis often found that values of life that are universal and eternal so comics are consideredappropriate as a material of cultural studies. Naruto, one of the Japanese manga, andAstérix, the bande dessinée of France, are examined as a representation of the East andWest. The background as a structural element in these works of fiction also shows the basicsimilarity of the existence of the village as the place of life of the characters. According toKartohadikoesoemo (1984:16), the village is a legal entity, in which a ruling society livesits own government. In this paper, other meanings of the rural environment, which hascontributed in the character formation of the characters from both comics are discussed.The method of cultural comparative is used with the application of relevant theories. Thisbrief study aims to complete the study of comics which is still very limited in Indonesia.Keywords: Village, Comic, Naruto, Astérix, Cultural Comparison
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Saihu, Muhammad. "The Urgency of Early Childhood Education In The Qur'an And Hadith And Its Relevance With Life In Modern Times". Jurnal AlifLam: Journal of Islamic Studies and Humanities 3, n.º 1 (29 de janeiro de 2022): 273–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.51700/aliflam.v3i1.301.
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This study aims to understand the urgency of early childhood education in the Qur'an and hadith and their relevance to life in modern times. With library research, data is collected using the method of documenting the data found in various literature in accordance with the research theme that the author examines. The results of this study found that Islamic education aims to foster and shape the character, behavior, or morals of students by increasing students' faith, understanding, appreciation, and practice of Islamic teachings both in their circumstances and with many people. Al-Qur'an and hadith should be books that are guided by mankind in general without being limited by ethnicity and religion. Al-Qur'an is present as the key to success in both this world and the hereafter. Therefore, in the Qur'an, there are various solutions to every problem that humans face, including solutions in the teaching and learning process. In addition, there are also several methods offered by the Qur'an and hadith in fostering early childhood education. First, an educator must instruct his students on things that have positive values. Second, an educator in addition to being able to provide teaching must also be able to be a good role model. Because God is very angry with them (educators who can only theory without being able to apply it to everyday life. Third, the habituation method must be applied from an early age because the more accustomed to doing good things, the students will be more independent. Fourth, by telling the story students will easily remember the contents of the lesson, but what should be told is not fictitious things, because fictional stories do not contain historical value. Fifth, dialogue theory in addition to mental training also strengthens students in literacy
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Hubert, Marie-Claude. "Renouvellement du personnage de la sorcière dans le roman pour la jeunesse". Romanica Silesiana 19, n.º 1 (29 de junho de 2021): 80–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/rs.2021.19.07.
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There are many publications on witches both in children’s literature and in scholarly essays. Mona Chollet’s Witches, the Undefeated Power of Women explains that the word has become an emblem of feminism. This article offers a comparative analysis of several recent novels, based on the latter’s thesis, whose aim is to examine how the witch character is constructed, how the authors treat historical data (healer witch, witch-hunt, stake, etc.) and how they renew this character regarding certain issues (identity, transmission, emancipation, etc.). Are the witches of children’s novels carrying feminist demands for young readers?