Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Temples – rome – congresses"

Abstract Climate change is recognised as a public health emergency and one of the most significant challenges to the public's and the planet's health. The health impacts are well documented by the IPCC (1990-2023), Lancet Countdown (2015-2022) and a significant and growing body of research. In the absence of practical, enforceable international sanctions, litigation to oblige governments and private actors to address pollution and other environmental harms has developed over decades and is a strong domain of legal policy and practice in many countries. Cases are increasingly taken to international courts and tribunals. Litigation is also now well-recognised as a tool and strategy for climate action. In addition to environmental harms, legal arguments are now referencing the health impacts on populations, including children and future generations. The public health community has a longstanding interest and expertise in measuring, monitoring and evaluating climate change and its impacts on the health of people and the planet. However public health professionals are often unaware of the opportunities offered by litigation in local, national and international courts and tribunals, of the crucial role and value of public health professionals in such processes, and of the importance of strategic partnerships with legal practitioners as part of strategies to tackle the climate emergency. This roundtable workshop will share research and activities of a collaboration between the EUPHA-LAW, the Faculty of Public Health (UK) and the Groningen Centre for Health Law (GCHL), in collaboration with Lancet Countdown, to explore options to build the capacity of the public health community to better understand and use litigation for climate action. The workshop will describe experience and learning in the development of a toolkit for public health practitioners to understand their key role and support such legal action, including with written and oral court evidence. The workshop will also provide an update on a survey in collaboration with the Environmental Health Working Group of the World Federation of Public Health Associations to assess global interest in the toolkit and how the content should reflect the needs of developing countries. Following discussions at the EPH Conference in Berlin in 2022 and the World Congress on Public Health in May 2023, in June 2023 the issues will be addressed at the International Conference on Strategic Litigation and Public Health in Liverpool, UK, co-hosted by EUPHA-LAW, GCHL, Liverpool University and other partners. Workshop presentations will report on the findings from the international Conference in Liverpool, address legal developments in international climate change litigation (including recent and current European Cases), the role of public health practitioners, and the draft toolkit. The capacity building needs of public health professionals and opportunities to disseminate the toolkit will also be discussed. Key messages • Public health practitioners are increasingly asked to testify about the health impacts of climate and environmental harms. Knowledge, skills and interdisciplinary collaboration must be strengthened. • The climate litigation toolkit will assist public health practitioners, environmental advocates, legal experts and affected communities to jointly use litigation to address human and planetary harms. Speakers/Panelists David Patterson University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands Farhang Tahzib Faculty of Public Health, Haywards heath, UK Scott Burris Temple University Beasley School of Law, Philadelphia, USA Anya Gopfert University of Exeter, Exeter, UK Monica Brînzac EUPHAnxt

This chapter talks about the abolitionists across the United States who agreed that consciousness raising was a necessary first step in the goal of ending slavery. It recounts how the abolitionists purchased and established printing presses to publish newspapers about abolitionism and testimonials of former slaves. It also highlights the abolitionists' governmental petition drives of unprecedented scope, which flooded the Congress with petitions calling for the end of slavery in the United States. The chapter emphasizes the critical role abolitionist newspapers played in coordinating political action, such as the Friend of Man publishing templates in August 1837 of eleven different petitions with instructions for readers to cut the text from the paper, fill in the blank spaces in the text, paste to another sheet of paper, and then gather signatures. It includes templates that called on Congress to act on several abolitionist priorities.

No chapter on Italian science could be complete without mentioning Galileo whose works mark the beginning of modern science. In Rome, we visit Campo de' Fiori to contemplate the hooded statue of Giordano Bruno who was burned at the stake for holding views akin to those of Galileo. Galileo sites in Pisa are followed by those in Florence including the Galileo Museum and his tomb in the Basilica di Santa Croce. Next, we discuss Alessandro Volta's background, his correspondence with Ben Franklin, his skepticism regarding Luigi Galvani's “animal electricity”, and the construction of his “voltaic piles”, considered to be the first batteries. In the scenic lake-side city of Como we explore the myriad Volta landmarks with a special emphasis on the Tempio Voltiano, a magnificent neoclassical temple. At the University of Pavia, we visit the Volta Cabinet. Finally, we discuss Stanislao Cannizzaro's promotion of Amedeo Avogadro's Hypothesis at the first International Chemical Congress held in Karlsruhe, Germany in 1860. Several Avogadro sites in Vercelli, the site of the Congress in Karlsruhe and several Cannizzaro sites including The Museum of Science “Primo Levi” in Rome are described.

Tissue engineering combines principles of the life sciences and engineering to replace and repair damaged human tissue. Present practice generally requires the use of porous, bioresorbable scaffolds to serve as temporary 3D templates to guide cell attachment, differentiation, proliferation, and subsequent regenerate tissue formation. Such scaffolds are anticipated to play an important role in allowing physicians to simultaneously reconstruct and regenerate damaged human tissue such as bone, cartilage, ligament and tendon. Recent research strongly suggests the choice of scaffold material and its internal porous architecture significantly influence regenerate tissue structure and function. However, a lack of versatile biomaterials processing and fabrication methods capable of meeting the complex geometric and compositional requirements of tissue engineering scaffolds has slowed progress towards fully testing these promising findings. It is widely accepted that layered manufacturing methods such as selective laser sintering (SLS) have the potential to fulfill these needs. Our research aims to investigate the viability of using SLS to fabricate tissue engineering scaffolds composed of polycaprolactone (PCL), one of the most widely investigated biocompatible, bioresorbable materials for tissue engineering applications. In this work, we report our recent progress on porous scaffold design and fabrication, optimal SLS processing parameter development using systematic factorial design of experiments, and structural characterization via optical microscopy.

Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) patterning provides an alternative to fabricate the controllable polymeric micro/nano-structures, which have wide applications in industry. Both steady state and dynamic development of EHD patterning structures are discussed in this paper. For the steady state modeling, a discontinuous boundary element coupled with finite element method is applied. Numerical results reveal that a critical voltage exists, below which a small amplitude structure is obtained and above which polymer evolves into patterns with a large height/width ratio. The transient process of EHD patterning is represented by the numerical solution of the phase field equation coupled with the electric field and Navier-Stokes equation. The computer model is capable of describing the dynamic development of the electrically-induced transport and surface deformation phenomena during EHD patterning. The coupled multi-field equations are discretized in finite difference with an enhancement by parallel computing. For structured templates, the application of an electric field creates the conformal structures in the polymer film with the periodicity and aspect ratios of the polymer structures controlled by template patterns and applied electric fields. Analysis indicates that the interaction between the applied field and the fluids leads to an occurrence of complex flow structures and free surface deformation and plays an important role in determining the dynamics of an EHD patterning process.

Current validation and verification (V&V) activities in aerospace industry mostly rely on time-consuming simulation-based tools. These tools can give a measure of probability for sufficiently frequent phenomena, but they may fail in detecting rare but critical combinations of parameters. As the complexity of modern space systems increases, this limitation plays an ever-increasing role. In recent years, model-based worst-case analysis methods have reached a good level of maturity. Without the need of simulations, these tools can fully explore the space of all possible combinations of uncertain parameters and provide guaranteed mathematical bounds on robust stability and worst-case performance levels. However, they give no measure of probability and can therefore be overly conservative. Introduced more recently probabilistic μ-analysis combines worst-case information with probability measure. As such, it tempts to bridge the analysis gap between Monte Carlo simulations and deterministic μ-analysis [4]. The STOchastic Worst-case Analysis Toolbox (STOWAT), is a toolbox dedicated to probabilistic μ-analysis, developed by ONERA, The French Aerospace Lab. The original version of the toolbox, released by [9] and [1], only allowed for probabilistic robust stability and H∞ performance analysis. However, for the STOWAT to be fully convincing for industry, it should be as efficient and versatile as possible. For this purpose, focus has been on efficiency improvement ever since [3]. Furthermore, the toolbox was recently equipped with four probabilistic stability margin algorithms, devoted to probabilistic gain, phase, disk and delay margin analysis [8], [2], [7]. All four can be classified as μ-analysis based Branch-and-Bound (B&B) algorithms. At each iteration sufficient μ-analysis based conditions are evaluated to ascertain if the considered margin is guaranteed to be below (violation test) or above (satisfaction test) a desired threshold on a given set of uncertainties. If no conclusions can be drawn, the uncertainty set is split into two subsets and the analysis is repeated on each of them. These tools are limited to Single-Input Single-Output (SISO) system analysis. But since most industrial problems involve Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems, this contribution first focuses on extending the algorithms to MIMO system analysis. Only adjustments need to be made to the conditions used to determine whether the satisfaction test or violation test should be applied. For SISO systems these conditions mostly rely on grid-based methods. However, in [8] it was already shown that gridding is usually very efficient for SISO and loop-at-a-time margin analysis, but gets quickly slower as the number of input/output channels increases. An alternative approach for MIMO systems, using μ-based tools was already proposed for disk margin analysis in [8]. This approach is used again here for MIMO phase, gain and delay margin analysis. However, it should be noted that the μ-based algorithm used should be adapted to the type of uncertainties (real/complex) in the studied stability margin problem. The developed MIMO analysis algorithms are all implemented in the STOWAT. Besides MIMO analysis, there is also an increased interest in multivariable margin analysis. This is because most realistic systems are subject to multiple perturbations at the same time. Multivariable analysis can for instance be an alternative to disk margin analysis [6], [8] in the case of simultaneous analysis of gain and phase perturbations. A probabilistic multivariable margin analysis algorithm is proposed in this contribution and implemented in the STOWAT. It was developed to overcome the conservatism provided by the deterministic worst-case equivalent at the end of the distribution tail. The STOWAT implementation allows users to specify multiple desired stability margins and determine the probability of multivariable margin violation. Analysis can be performed for both SISO and MIMO systems, where for MIMO systems different margin requirements can be set for each input and/or output. The heart of the existing algorithms remains the same, but two main modifications are needed. First a few additional matrix operations to construct the perturbed system used by the B&B algorithm should be included. Then new μ-analysis based conditions involving multiple real and complex uncertainties should be defined to determine whether the satisfaction or violation test should be performed. To demonstrate the added value of the developed tools, they are applied to analyse two satellite models: an academic model and a realistic benchmark. The academic model represents the spinning satellite adapted from [10] and the realistic one concerns the satellite with two flexible solar panels, previously introduced in [5]. References [1] J.-M. Biannic, C. Roos, S. Bennani, F. Boquet, V. Preda, and B. Girouart, “Advanced probabilistic μ-analysis techniques for AOCS validation,” European Journal of Control, vol. 62, pp. 120–129, 2021. [2] F. Somers, C. Roos, F. Sanfedino, S. Bennani, and V. Preda, “Probabilistic delay margin analysis,” Submitted to the American Control Conference, 2023. [3] C. Roos, J.-M. Biannic, and H. Evain, “A new step towards the integration of probabilistic μ in the aerospace V&V process,” in Proceedings of the 6th CEAS Conference on Guidance, Navigation and Control, 2022. [4] C. Roos, F. Sanfedino, V. Preda, and S. Bennani, “Phd position in analysis of aerospace control systems: Enhanced probabilistic tools to improve verification and validation of space control systems,” 2021. [5] F. Sanfedino, D. Alazard, E. Kassarian, and F. Somers, “Satellite dynamics toolbox library: a tool to model multi body space systems for robust control synthesis and analysis,” Submitted to the IFAC World Congress, 2023. [6] P. Seiler, A. Packard, and P. Gahinet, “An introduction to disk margins [lecture notes],” IEEE Control Systems Magazine, vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 78–95, 2020. [7] F. Somers, C. Roos, F. Sanfedino, S. Bennani, and V. Preda, “Comparative study of new probabilistic delay margin analysis techniques,” Submitted to International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control, 2023. [8] F. Somers, S. Thai, C. Roos, J.-M. Biannic, S. Bennani, V. Preda, and F. Sanfedino, “Probabilistic gain, phase and disk margins with application to AOCS validation,” in Proceedings of the 10th IFAC Symposium on Robust Control Design, 2022. [9] S. Thai, C. Roos, and J.-M. Biannic, “Probabilistic μ-analysis for stability and H∞ performance verification,” in Proceedings of the American Control Conference, 2019. [10] K. Zhou, J. Doyle, and K. Glover, Robust and optimal control. Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, 1996.